How to Use Pellet Binders During Making

Pellets Processing Correctly?

When it comes to compressing pellets, there is a question to be asked if there needs pellet
binder during making pellets process. As is known to all, most biomass materials including
wood saw dust, rice hull and peanut shell etc. will need pellet binder added to make them
pelletize. Of course, various biomass materials need various binders. Some clients are
experimenting with steam as the material binder; while waste paper forms pellets just needing
water as binder; but leaves requires no binder. But adding binder is very popular in North
America. Most of regions require no binder during making pellets according local biomass
material structure. So our pellet machine has very strong regional feature.

Some western pellet mill manufacturer always declaim that their pellet mill doesn't require
binder to make wood pellets. Do you believe it? Making biomass pellets is not related to
pellet mill directly but is related to the structure of biomass material. The wood are required
in making pellets process by adding wood pellet binders, although the wood contains a large
amount of lignin and strong fiber. However under heat and pressure, the lignin which is the
binder of wood is released so that it is not apt to compressed wood pellets. Therefore, there is
sufficient heat and pressure, but it is impossible to produce wood pellets without pellet binder
at all. Wood made pellet requires binder not to mention other biomass materials. If western
manufacturer says his pellet machine can produce good quality wood pellets without any
binder at all, which is exaggerated and unrealistic.

The binder including sand, water and modified cassava starch can aid the producing pellets
process. The purpose adding a small amount of professional binder in the raw materials is to
reduce energy consumption, improve pellet mill productivity and increase the service life of
consumable spare parts like roller and die. Therefore, adding binder not reduces maintenance
cost but increases wood pellets outputs. Besides, the binder in no way will affect the
combustion results and heat of the pellets. Please click our news and you can get more
information how to pelletizing.

Different materials and pellets show as follows:

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HomeEducation

A closer look at wood vs. coal emissions

February 24, 2012

Written by William Strauss and Laurenz Schmidt, FutureMetrics
Feb. 24, 2012 - There has been a lot of debate recently regarding if burning wood releases
more or less CO2 emissions when compared to coal, and if it is indeed a "carbon neutral"
alternative. FutureMetrics research delved into this topic, and may have emerged with an
answer.
FutureMetrics has published several papers regarding the efficacy of the Manomet Study and
the methodology for modeling the carbon cycle. Our previous critiques were centered on
assumptions regarding carbon debt and the timing of carbon recapture by growing sustainably
managed forests.

In one of our papers we accepted the premise of the Manomet work; that combustion of wood
releases more CO2 than coal by 34.6 percent. And what we have found with further research
is that we were wrong for assuming that the Manomet data was correct.

Table 1 below shows the CO2 emissions per million BTU for a variety of wood species and
Table 2 shows the data for four grades of coal. Although wood species densities vary, the
output of CO2 per million BTU (MMBTU) is consistent. On a dry basis, coal and wood yield
very similar results in terms of the CO2 produced (in terms of kilograms of CO2 per unit of
potential energy).

Click the image above to download a PDF of Table 1 and 2.

The results of our analysis shows that wood is generally about the same or slightly lower in
CO2 emissions on a dry basis, but both wood and coal do not naturally have zero moisture
content (MC).

The typical moisture content of coal is:

Anthracite Coal : 2.8% - 16.3% by weight

Bituminous Coal : 2.2% - 15.9% by weight

Lignite Coal : 39% or more by weight

It is the water that causes CO2 emissions to increase over the dry weight. The underlying
cause that drives this is the enthalpy of vaporization. In simple terms, it takes energy to
evaporate the water in wood or coal and convert it to vapor, and all of that energy is sent out
the chimney and into the atmosphere in the form of water vapor, unless a condensing boiler is
used which may claim part of the escaping energy. To get a million BTUs of useful energy
from the fuel, a larger mass of wood or coal is necessary to compensate for the losses from
vaporizing all that water. And more wood/coal burned means more CO2 produced.

With coal, the higher water content grades also have lower carbon content and higher
volatiles. The net effect of this is that, on average, CO2 outputs are relatively consistent
across grades (see Table 2).

Table 3 below shows the CO2 production for wood from zero to 50 percent MC. The
Manomet study used 45.

Click the table above to download a PDF of Table 3.

At 45 percent, the combustion of wood yields about 9.0 percent more CO2 per unit of useful
energy than an average of the coal grades outputs. While still more than coal, this is
significantly less than the 34.6 percent difference that drives the Manomet debt-then-
dividend model.

This also illustrates how each location will have different outcomes. Coal grades, wood
species, moisture contents of both coal and wood, and boiler efficiency will all yield unique
metrics.

While we stand behind our logic on the carbon neutrality of wood combustion (with the
sustainability constraint as the essential foundation of that logic), we also have shown here
that dried wood at MCs below 20 percent have the same or less CO2 emission per MMBTU
as most coal. Wood pellets under 10 percent MC result in less CO2 emission than any coal
under equal circumstances.

Interestingly, it would appear that if a conventional low efficiency biomass power plant were
to use what is otherwise waste heat from the condenser cooling loop to pre-dry the fuel, it
would lower the net CO2 output per unit of useful energy produced. The same technology
may also apply to pre-treat lower grade (wetter) coal.
In conclusion, wood in a low moisture content state has lower instantaneous CO2 emissions
per unit of energy produced than coal. As we have clearly shown in our previous papers, with
sustainable working forest management, the recycling of carbon from wood combustion is
virtually instantaneous and continuous and therefore the net stock of CO2 in the atmosphere
from the combustion of wood is not increased.
- See more at: http://www.canadianbiomassmagazine.ca/education/a-closer-look-at-wood-vs-
coal-emissions-3166#sthash.joeJohuV.dpuf

Penting

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pellet.html