CE 441 Lecture 09/10 in-class problem Spring 2006

Use ACI318-05 to design a tension reinforced beam with a rectangular cross-section.

Use normal weight concrete with fc=5 ksi, and reinforcement with fy = 60 ksi. Use No.
3 stirrups and 1.5" clear cover. Select final dimensions and As such that h/b is
approximately as shown in the table at the bottom of the page.

The beam is simply supported and is required to safely support the given uniformly
distributed live load of 1.0 kip/ft and an applied dead load of 1.5 kip/ft. The given dead
load does not include the self weight of the beam.

Provide a drawing showing all dimensions and reinforcement locations.

Option h/b As
1 2.0 0.25 Asmax
2 2.0 0.50 Asmax
3 2.0 0.75 Asmax
4 2.5 0.25 Asmax
5 2.5 0.50 Asmax
6 2.5 0.75 Asmax

Video students: you may use option 2: Hand in work before lecture 11
 Singly-Reinforced Beam Design.xmcd

Select the reinforcement required to Design of a Singly-reinforced Concrete Beam

Beam Dimensions Beam length: Lb := 25 ft

3
Modulus of Elasticity: Es := 29 10 ksi

Yield strength of steel: fy := 60 ksi

Compressive strength of concrete: f'c := 5.0 ksi

Ultimate concrete compressive-strain: cu := 0.003

Tension-controlled Steel strain: s := 0.004

Stirrup diameter: Nbar := 3 (

d s := STD_d b Nbar ) d s = 0.375 in

cover := 1.5 in

db
Effective Depth: d = h cover + d s +
2

Minimum Bar spacing: b := 1 in

Uniform service Dead-load: Wd := 1.5 klf

Uniform service Live-load: WL := 1.0 klf

Assume a self weight: WD_sw := 0.5 klf

Upon sizing of the beam based on the assumed beam self-weight, check the assumption with a
lbf
calculated beam self-weight w'D_sw = c Ac where c 150 . if w'D_sw wD_sw then the beam
3
ft
size depth need not be revised or updated.

h
Constraints: = 0.50 max and = 2.0
d

Julio C. Banks, P.E. page 1 of 9

 Singly-Reinforced Beam Design.xmcd

1.0 Factored Uniform Load:

WD := Wd + WD_sw WD = 2.00 klf

wu := 1.2 WD + 1.6 WL wu = 4.00 klf

2.0 Factored Moment

1 2
M u := wu Lb M u = 312.5 kip ft
8

4.0 Determine the compressive zone coefficient, 1

1 := 0.85 if f'c 4 ksi 1 = 0.80

0.05
1.05 f'c if 4 ksi < f'c < 8 ksi
ksi
0.65 otherwise

Tension-controlled beams have s 0.004, and := 0.90. Therefore, use the assume s = 0.004

0.85 1 f'c
max :=
s fy
1 +
cu
1 = 0.80
max = 2.43 %

:= 0.50 max = 1.21 %

fy
:= = 0.1457
f'c

h
Given = 2.0
b

h L
b= = if Simply_Supported
solve for b: 2 32
L
if Cantilever
16

Julio C. Banks, P.E. page 2 of 9

 Singly-Reinforced Beam Design.xmcd

For simply-supported beam:

Lb
b := b b = 10.0 in
32

b round , 1 in
b
b
in
b if mod( b , 1 in) = 0 in

b round , 0 in + 1.0 in otherwise

b
in

Mu 2 Mu Mu
= b d = =
Kn fy f'c ( 1 0.59 )
fy 1 0.59

f'c

Where = 1.21 % or = 0.1457

Mu
d := round in
d
d := d = 25.0 in
b f'c ( 1 0.59 ) in

As
Now solve for the reinforcing-steel area = As := ( b d )
b d

2
As = 3.04 in

3.0 Calculate the minimum tensile-steel reinforcement area

b d
max 0.03 ksi f'c , 0.200 ksi
0.5 2
As_min := As_min = 0.833 in
fy

As_min
min := min = 0.333 %
b d

max = 2.43 %

Julio C. Banks, P.E. page 3 of 9

 Singly-Reinforced Beam Design.xmcd

10.0 Now, we must choose the closest standard bar size based on the calculated area of reinforcement:

c := cover ( )
s d b := 2 d s 0.5 d b

Mu
4 ( 0.75 in)
Aggregate size criterion: ba := M n :=
3

2
Steel area: As = 3.04 in

Initial estimates:

Bar size: Nbar := 8

Bar Diameter: d b := STD_d b Nbar ( )

d b = 1.00 in

No. of bars:

As
NRB := NRB NRB = 4.00
STD_As Nbar ( )
NRB NRB round NRB , 1 ( )
NRB if mod NRB , 1 = 0 ( )
NRB round NRB + 0.5 , 0 ( ) otherwise

b min := ( ( ) )
b min 2 c + s d b + d s + d b + NRB 1 b + d b ( )( ) b min = 11.50 in

b min
b min b min round , 1 in
in
(
b min if mod b min , 0.5 in = 0 in )
b min
b min round , 0 in + 0.5 in otherwise
in

b n round , 0 in
b
b n :=
in
b n = 12.00 in
b min
b n round , 0 in if b n < b min
in

Julio C. Banks, P.E. page 4 of 9

 Singly-Reinforced Beam Design.xmcd

Assume:

b := maxd b , 1 in ,
( ( )
b min 2 c + 2 s d b + 2 d s + NRB d b )
b = 1.08 in
NRB 1

The size of the standard reinforce bars require that the actual nominal area, Asn, be greater than
or equal to the calculated total reinforcement area, A s. Therefore, calculate the total area, A sn , by
assuming an initial nominal area as:

Asn
Asn := NRB STD_As Nbar ( ) Asn = 3.16 in
2
As
= 1.04

Given NRB 2 (
b max d b , 1 in ) Nbar 5

Asn
Number of Bars: NRB NRB
STD_As Nbar ( )
NRB NRB round NRB , 1 ( )
(
NRB if mod NRB , 1 = 0 )
NRB round NRB + 0.5 , 0( ) otherwise

Asn Asn
Bar size: Nbar = Bar_size 1
NRB As

Bar Diameter: (
d b = STD_d b Nbar )
Bar Spacing: b min = ( ( ) ) (
b min 2 c + s d b + d s + d b + NRB 1 b + d b )( )
bmin
b min b min round , 1 in
in
(
b min if mod b min , 0.5 in = 0 in )
bmin
b min round , 0 in + 0.5 in otherwise
in

Julio C. Banks, P.E. page 5 of 9

 Singly-Reinforced Beam Design.xmcd

2 Mn
bn d =
Asn fy Asn b n b min
fy 1 0.59
bn d f'c bn d

Asn
Total Area of Bars: Asn = NRB STD_As Nbar ( ) bn d
0.50 max

NRB
Nbar

bmin
NRB in
Nbar 4.000
b 8.000
b min in 11.500

b := Find N , N , b , , d , A , b , M b = 1.083

( RB bar min b b sn n n)
d
db in 1.000
12.000
Asn bn

3.160
b in
n 312.500

Asn
Mn
2
in
Mu

kip ft

bn Asn
= 1.04 = 1.04
b min As

As := Asn b := b n

As
:= = 1.05 % = 0.43
b d max

The corresponding linear weight of this chosen bar is

(
wbar := Linear_Weight Nbar ) wbar = 2.67 plf

Julio C. Banks, P.E. page 6 of 9

 Singly-Reinforced Beam Design.xmcd

Beam Depth

h := (
h d + c + d s + 0.5 d b ) h = 28.0 in

h round , 1 in
h
h
in
h if mod( h , 1.0 in) = 0 in
h + 0.5 in
h round , 0 in otherwise
in

2
Ac := b h Ac = 2.3 ft

w'D_sw := c Ac w'D_sw = 0.35 klf

WD_sw
Test_Self_Weight := if 0 < 1.0 , "Self-weight assumption is O.K" , "Self-weight assumption is O.K"
w'D_sw

Test_Self_Weight = "Self-weight assumption is O.K"

6.0 Calculate the compressive depth of the the concrete in compression

Es
cu ( d) fy
ae( ) := ( ) a( ) := a if 1.0
0.85 f'c max

0.85 f'c
a( ) = 3.72 in
( ) 1 a ae( ) otherwise
1 + 4 1 d
2 ( )

7.0 Calculate the tensile-steel strain

t( ) := cu 1 1
d

a( )

8.0 Calculate the flexural strength-reduction factor

( ) := 0.65 if t( ) 0.002

0.65 + t( ) 0.002
250
( 3
)
if 0.002 < t( ) < 0.005
0.90 if t( ) > 0.005

Julio C. Banks, P.E. page 7 of 9

 Singly-Reinforced Beam Design.xmcd

a( ) = 3.718 in

t( ) = 1.314 %

( ) = 0.900

11.0 Check whether the specified steel-reinforcement area is adequate

(
if min max , "O.K." , "N.G." = "O.K." )

12.0 Calculate the Mechanical Reinforcement Ratio,

fy
:= = 0.1264
f'c

13.0 Calculate the moment resistance coefficient

Kn := ( ) f'c ( 1 0.59 ) Kn = 526.4 psi

14.0 Calculate the moment capacity, M n, of the beam using the following two methods

M n := Kn b d ( 2) M n = 329.0 kip ft

a( )
M n := ( ) 0.85 f'c ( a( ) b ) d
( ) M n = 329.1 kip ft
2
15.0 Check that the moment capacity, M n, meets or exceeds the factored moment, M u

(
if M n M u , "O.K." , "N.G." = "O.K." )
SUMMARY
Beam Width Beam Depth* Effective depth
h
b = 12.0 in h = 28.0 in d = 25.0 in = 2.3 = 0.43
bn max

Main reinforcement:
Number of rebars Bar Size Total Steel area Bar Diameter Bar Weight
2
NRB = 4.00 Nbar = 8.00 As = 3.16 in d b = 1.000 in wbar = 2.67 plf

* which satisfies the minimum concrete cover requirement, cover = 1.50 in

Julio C. Banks, P.E. page 8 of 9

 Singly-Reinforced Beam Design.xmcd

APPENDIX A
Create a procedure to automatically select the proper standard size of reinforcement bar based
on a given area of reinforcement. Then Create a procedure to display the corresponding weight
per linear foot for the particular bar-size

Standard bar size number Standard bar Area:

( )
Bar_size As
2 2
3 if 0.00 in < As 0.11 in STD_As ( bar_No)
2
0.11 in if bar_No = 3
2
2 2
4 if 0.11 in < As 0.20 in 0.20 in if bar_No = 4
2
2 2 0.31 in if bar_No = 5
5 if 0.20 in < As 0.31 in
2
0.44 in if bar_No = 6
2 2
6 if 0.31 in < As 0.44 in
2
0.60 in if bar_No = 7
2 2
7 if 0.44 in < As 0.60 in 2
0.79 in if bar_No = 8
2 2
8 if 0.60 in < As 0.79 in 2
1.00 in if bar_No = 9
2 2 2
9 if 0.79 in < As 1.00 in 1.27 in if bar_No = 10
2
2
10 if 1.00 in < As 1.27 in
2 1.56 in if bar_No = 11
2
2 2 2.25 in if bar_No = 14
11 if 1.27 in < As 1.56 in
2
4.00 in if bar_No = 18
2 2
14 if 1.56 in < As 2.25 in

2 2
18 if 2.25 in < As 4.00 in

Standard bar Weight per linear foot (plf): Standard bar Diameter

Linear_Weight( bar_No) 0.376 plf if bar_No = 3 STD_d b ( bar_No) 0.375 in if bar_No = 3

0.668 plf if bar_No = 4 0.500 in if bar_No = 4
1.043 plf if bar_No = 5 0.625 in if bar_No = 5
1.502 plf if bar_No = 6 0.750 in if bar_No = 6
2.044 plf if bar_No = 7 0.875 in if bar_No = 7
2.670 plf if bar_No = 8 1.000 in if bar_No = 8
3.400 plf if bar_No = 9 1.128 in if bar_No = 9
4.303 plf if bar_No = 10 1.270 in if bar_No = 10
5.313 plf if bar_No = 11 1.410 in if bar_No = 11
7.650 plf if bar_No = 14 1.693 in if bar_No = 14
13.60 plf if bar_No = 18 2.257 in if bar_No = 18

Julio C. Banks, P.E. page 9 of 9