Soil Earthquake

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Earthquake Structure

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Last Updated:
26/9/2009
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 To r

SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

DEEP FOUNDATIONS
 Dr. Ferhat zep

To return "main options" ,

click the letters !
 Bearing Capacity for Pile Foundations
To return "main options" , click the
For Coarse Grained Soils cell !

Pile Data
D Pile Radius 0.65 m
L Pile Length 20.00 m

Soil Data
Angle of Shearing Resistance ( ) 0
cu Cohesion 5.00 ton/m2 #DIV/0!
Soil ( ) Unit Weigth 1.85 ton/m 3

Nq Coefficient 1.0
Nc Coefficient 9.0 If Angle of Shearing Resitance ()
N Coefficient 0.0 is equal to 0, then Nq is equal to
1

Ap Area of pile point 0.33 m2

As Surface area of pile shaft 40.82 m2
Adhesion Coeficient 0.9
fsi Skin Friction Resistance 4.5 4.50 ton/m2
Load carried by pile point
Qp Pile Tip / Base Resistance 14.92 ton
Qs Pile Skin Friction Resistance 183.69 ton

Qult Ultimate Pile Load 198.61 ton

FS Safety Factor 2.5
Qallow Allowable Pile Capacity 79.45 ton

QB Building of Structural Load per Pile 75 ton

Safety
Load carried by pile shaft
 Parameter Estimation
cu Cohesion 5.00 ton/m2
Adhesion Coeficient 0.90 0.90
Yksek Yerdeitirmeli Kazklar

SPT Blow Count 30 Dk Yerdeitirmeli Kazklar

fsi Skin Friction resistance 4.91 ton/m2
fsi Skin Friction resistance 2.45 ton/m2

Figure. Undrained shear strength (cu) and adhesion cofficient ( ) relationships (Tomlinson, 1980)
 Bearing Capacity for Pile Foundations
For Fine Grained Soils

Pile Data
D Pile Radius 0.65 m
L Pile Length 20.00 m

If internal firction angel () is

Soil Data
equal 0, then Nq is equal 1
cu Cohesion 5 ton/m2
Nc Coefficient 9
Adhesion Coeficient 0.9
fsi Friction resistance 4.5 4.50 ton/m2

Ap Area of pile point 0.33 m2

As Surface area of pile shaft 40.82 m2
Load carried by pile point

Qp Pile Tip / base resistance 14.92 ton

Qs Pile Skin Friction Resistance 183.69 ton

ried by pile point Qult Ultimate Pile Load 198.61 ton

FS Safety Factor 2.5
Qallow Allowable Pile Capacity 79.45 ton

QB Building of Structural Load per Pile 75 ton

Safety

Load carried by pile shaft

k Yerdeitirmeli Kazklar

k Yerdeitirmeli Kazklar

Figure. For Piled foundations, Angle of Shearing Resistance () and Nq relationships.

nternal firction angel () is
ual 0, then Nq is equal 1

d carried by pile point

relationships.
SEISMIC REFRACTION STUDIES
To return the "
main options",

S Revers (travel time), msn

P Revers (travel time), msn

P normal (travel time), msn
click cell!

2 Layer State Distance (m)

0 0
2 6.5 118 36
4 13.6 109.5 34
6 19 101 32
8 20.5 92.5 30
10 22 84 28
12 24 75.5 26
14 26 67 24
16 28 58.5 22
18 30 50 20.5
20 32 41.5 19
22 34 28.5 13.6
obtain from
graph ! 24 36 13.5 6.5
0 0 0

Profile 1. Layer 2. Layer t1 (msn)

VP normal (m/sn) 282 1000 12.7
VP revers (m/sn) 282 1000 12.7
VS (m/sn) 133 235 16
282 1000

Shot Offset 2 10 10
Geophone Space (m) 2 1.87 1.87
Number of Geophone 12

TICKNESS (VP normal) h1 1.87 m 1.87

TICKNESS (VP revers) h'1 1.87 m
 Last h 10 10 Last h'
h4 h4'
h3 h3'
h2 h2'
h1 1.9 1.9 h1'

Geophysical Soil Section

16% 16%
Surface

Seismic Line Serim

84%
0% 84%
0%

Dept
 S Revers (travel time), msn

P revers (travel time), msn

S Revers (travel time), msn

P Revers (travel time), msn

0 0
3 Layer State 2 6.5 91 45
4 15 87 44
6 24 83 43
8 28 79 42
10 32 75 41
12 36 71 40
14 40 67 36
16 41 58.5 32
18 42 50 28
obtain from
20 43 41.5 24
graph !
22 44 28.5 15
24 45 13.5 6.5
0 0 0

Profile 1. Layer 2. Layer 3. layer t2 (msn) t3 (msn)

VP normal (m/sn) 235 500 2000 12 33
VP revers (m/sn) 235 500 2000 12 33
VS (m/sn) 150 275 500
Average Vp (m/sn) 235 500 2000

Shot Offset 2
Geophone Space (m) 2
Number of Geophone 12

TICKNESS (VP normal) h1 1.6 m h2 1.2 m

TICKNESS (VP revers) h'1 1.6 m h'2 1.2 m

h1 ort. 1.6 m
h2 ort. 1.2 m
 return the "
ain options", SEISMIC TIME- DISTANCE GRAPH (2 LAYER MODEL)
click cell!

140 140

120 120
S revers
At

Time (ms)
100 100

80 80

ell
60 P revers P normal 60

At At
40 40

20 20

0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 0

Distance (m)
 SEISMIC TIME- DISTANCE GRAPH (3 LAYER MODEL)

140 140

120 120
S revers

100 100

80 80

60 P revers P normal 60

40 40

20 20

0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 0
Dr. Ferhat zep
Presentation and Evaluation of Electrical (Resitivity) Data To r
opt
AB/2 Apparent Resistivity Evaluation Results
3 25.2 Layers Ticknes True Resistivity
4 20 h1 10 25
5 16 h2 10 8
7 12 h3 15 7
10 9.9 h4 20 100
15 8.5 h5
20 6.8 h6
25 6.1 h7
30 6.6 h8
35 5.95 h9 20 6
40 6.28
50 6.7
60 6.45
70 6.7
80 6.43
90 6.38
100 5.3 Dr. Ferhat zep
120 5.5

100
Resistivity (ohm.m)

10

1
1 10 100 1000

Electrod Space (AB/2)

Steven D. Sheriff
Approach
 Steven D. Sheriff
Approach
TREE LAYERS RESISTIVITY MODELLING

Model Parameters

Resistivity (ohm-m) Ticknes of Layers (m)

Rho1 25 d1 2.5
Rho2 8 d2 9
Rho3 6 d3 infinite

100
Apprent Resistivity

10

Electrod Space
Model Curve Field Data
 To return the "main Point 1 Point 2
option", click cell! h1 10 10
h2 10 10
h3 15 15
h4 20 20
h5 0 0
h6 0 0
h7 0 0
h8 0 0
h9 20 20

GeophysicalS
oil Section

13% 13%

Electric Array Surface

13% 13%

20% 20%
Dept

GWL

27% 27%

27%
0% 27%
0%
Dr. Ferhat zep

Three layer resistivity example. Depth and

in meters, resistivity is in ohm-meters. App
resistivity is for the Schlumberger electrode

Layer resistivities and thickness, from top t

seed: 2.556757 includes phase shift for O'Neill's

Xinc: -0.166667 to get 6 samples per integer po

n L Ld2>230?tanh(Ld2)
1 ### ### ###
2 ### ### ###
3 ### ### ###
4 ### ### ###
5 ### ### ###
6 ### ### ###
7 ### ### ###
8 ### ### ###
9 ### ### ###
10 ### ### ###
11 ### ### ###
12 ### ### ###
13 ### ### ###
14 ### ### ###
15 ### ### ###
16 ### ### ###
17 ### ### ###
18 ### ### ###
19 ### ### ###
20 ### ### ###
21 0.11396 ### ###
22 ### ### ###
23 ### ### ###
24 ### ### ###
25 ### ### ###
26 ### ### ###
27 0.01140 ### ###
28 ### ### ###
29 ### ### ###
30 ### ### ###
31 ### ### ###
32 ### ### ###
33 0.00114 ### ###
34 ### ### ###
35 ### ### ###
36 ### ### ###
37 ### ### ###
38 ### ### ###
er resistivity example. Depth and distance are
resistivity is in ohm-meters. Apparent
is for the Schlumberger electrode arrangement.

stivities and thickness, from top to bottom:

includes phase shift for O'Neill's coefficients

to get 6 samples per integer power of ten

T2 Ld1>230?tanh(Ld1) T1 b O'Neill convolve x = 1/L

### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### 14 -0.0003 ### 1.000000 98
### ### ### ### 13 0.00207 ### 1.467799
### ### ### ### 12 -0.005 ### 2.154434
### ### ### ### 11 0.01125 ### 3.162277 102
### ### ### ### 10 -0.0252 ### 4.641587
### ### ### ### 9 0.05812 ### 6.812919
7.71143 ### ### ### 8 -0.1436 ### 9.999997 83
### ### ### ### 7 0.393 8.408953 ###
### ### ### ### 6 -1.1324 7.468465 ###
### ### ### ### 5 2.7044 6.825966 ### 34
### ### ### ### 4 -3.4507 6.413380 ###
### ### ### ### 3 0.4248 6.194637 ### 30
### ### ### ### 2 1.1817 6.091567 ### 51
### ### ### ### 1 0.6194 6.044524 ###
### ### ### ### 0 0.2374 6.022995 ### 89
6.11079 ### ### ### -1 0.08688 6.012963 ### 140
### ### ### ### -2 0.0235 6.007991 ### 175
### ### ### ### -3 0.01284 6.005229 ###
### ### ### ### -4 -0.0012 6.003545 ###
### ### ### ### -5 0.00304
### ### ### ###
6.01132 ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
### ### ### ###
 BOREHOLE BOREHOLE METHOD BORING NO:1
Istanbul University LOG
AND
Department of Geophysics SPT
TEST
BOREHOLE DEPT:18 m BX..................m HX..................m
BOREHOLE SITE: STANBUL (Avclar) external radiusInternal Radiuexternal r Internal R external r Internal Radius
GROUND WATER LEVEL (GWL) : 3m
DATE: 3-4 MAY 2004 73 mm 65.0mm 88.9mm 80.9mm 114.3mm 104.7mm
SPT TEST
ENGINEER: Ferhat zep FORMATION PROPERTIES Blow count
SAMPLE TYPE and NO

SPT (N) & Depth

FIELD RECORDS
(Definition, Graph

SOIL PROFILE
Color, Density,
CAROTE %

Texture, Ground

SPT(N) 30
DEPT (m)

15-30cm

30-45cm
waater situation

0-15 cm
RQD %

etc.) 0 10 20 30 40 50
\10 \20 \30 \40 \50

1 m
SPT1 8 7 7 14
2 m

3 m SPT2 5 8 7 15

4 m
SPT3 10 21 18 39
5 m

6 m SPT4 3 4 7 11

7 m
SPT5 8 12 11 23
8 m

9 m SPT6 8 20 20 40

10 m
SPT7 6 10 12 22
11 m

12 m SPT8 15 15 16 31

13 m
SPT9 6 6 13 19
14 m

15 m SPT10 5 9 12 21

16 m
SPT11 19 22 23 45
17 m

18 m SPT13 17 17 30 47
 Table 1.
SPT (N) Angle of Shearing Resistance (
Peck (1974) Meyerhof (1956)
<4 <29 <30
(4 - 10) 29-30 30-35
(10 -30) 30-36 35-40
al Radius (30-50) 36-41 40-45
>50 >41 >45

To return "main
options", click cell ! Dr. Ferhat zep

To draw SPT (N) & Depth graph, erase the

blow table "No Data or UD" !

Table for Depth and SPT (N) Graph

Derinlik (m) SPT (N)
14 -1.5 14
15 -3 15
39 -4.5 39
11 -6 11
23 -7.5 23
40 -9 40
22 -10.5 22
31 -12 31
19 -13.5 19
21 -15 21
45 -16.5 45
47 -18 47

Table 2
SPT (N) qu, kg/cm2
2 0.25
4 0.5
8 1
15 2
30 4

Estimation of Boring Depth for Site Investigation

Store Number 3 m
Boring Depth (Db) 6.5 m
Boring Depth (Db) 12.9 m

(Sowers ve Sowers,
1970)
(Sowers ve Sowers,
1970)
 SPT CORRECTIONS

Dr. Ferhat zep

GWL (m) 1

Energy Level
70
AD SPT (Field) (gr/cm3) CN CB CS CR SPT(correc N55 N1(60) N (X)
1.8 15 1.8 1,7 1.0 1.0 0.80 #VALUE! ### ### #VALUE!
3.3 15 1.8 1.67 1.0 1.0 0.80 20.1 16.4 15.1 12.9
4.8 15 1.8 1.45 1.0 1.0 0.80 17.4 14.2 13.1 11.20
6.3 15 1.8 1.30 1.0 1.0 0.80 15.6 12.8 11.7 10.0
7.8 15 1.8 1.19 1.0 1.0 0.80 14.2 11.7 10.7 9.2
9.3 15 1.8 1.10 1.0 1.0 0.80 13.2 10.8 9.9 8.5
10.8 15 1.8 1.05 1.0 1.0 0.80 12.6 10.3 9.5 8.1
12.3 15 1.8 0.97 1.0 1.0 0.80 11.6 9.5 8.7 7.5
13.8 15 1.8 0.92 1.0 1.0 0.80 11.0 9.0 8.3 7.1
15.3 15 1.8 0.89 1.0 1.0 0.80 10.7 8.8 8.0 6.9
16.8 15 1.8 0.84 1.0 1.0 0.80 10.1 8.2 7.6 6.5
18.3 15 1.8 0.81 1.0 1.0 0.80 9.7 7.9 7.3 6.2
19.8 15 1.8 0.78 1.0 1.0 0.80 9.3 7.6 7.0 6.0
21.3 15 1.8 0.75 1.0 1.0 0.80 9.0 7.4 6.8 5.8

SPT(corr.)
15.6
14.2 Estimation of Aveage SPT Value
13.2
Data Number = 3
SPT (Average) = 14.3
CN for SPT(N), effective overburden presure correction factor
CS sampling = 1
CB Bore radius correction. If bore radius is betwen 65 and 115 mm, then CB is 1
If it has 150 mm radius, then CB is 1,05, and if it has 200 mm radius, then CB is 1,15.
Energy Level

rt gerile efektf rt geril suieren tabaka kaslnlCN katsatytabak aklnl

31.8 23.9 0.80 0.80 2.0440 1.8
58.3 35.7 2.30 2.30 1.6735 1.5
84.8 47.5 3.80 3.80 1.4513 1.5
111.2 59.3 5.30 5.30 1.2991 1.5
137.7 71.0 6.80 6.80 1.1866 1.5
164.2 82.8 8.30 8.30 1.0990 1.5
186.3 90.2 9.80 9.80 1.0532 1.5
217.2 106.3 11.30 11.30 0.9697 1.5
243.7 118.1 12.80 12.80 0.9201 1.5
265.8 125.5 14.30 14.30 0.8928 1.5
296.7 141.7 15.80 15.80 0.8402 1.5
323.1 153.4 17.30 17.30 0.8073 1.5
349.6 165.2 18.80 18.80 0.7780 1.5
376.1 177.0 20.30 20.30 0.7517 1.5
 To return "main
ESTIMATION OF GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS FROM GEOPHYSICAL DATA ( ,For
options" click 2 L
the

Measured Geophysical Parameters SYMBOL UNITE 1.LAYER 2.LAYER

P WAVE VELOCITY Vp m/s 282 1000
S WAVE VELOCITY Vs m/s 133 235
Dr. Fe
DEPTH OF LAYER h m 1.87 ?
RESISTIVITY VALUES ohm-m 5 22 If you dont have a
sign " - "

Derived Geotechnical Parameters SYMBOL UNITE 1.LAYER 2.LAYER

For 30m, Avarage S (SHEAR) WAVE VELOCITY Vs (30) m/sn 224
DENSITY (Gardner at al., 1974) gr/cm3 1.27 1.74
MAX SHEAR MODULUS (Kramer, 1996) Gmax kg/cm 2
224.4 961.2
YOUNG MODULUS (Bowles, 1988) E kg/cm2 608.9 2827.5
POISSON RATIO (Bowles, 1988) - 0.36 0.47
BULK MODULUS (Bowles, 1988) K kg/cm2 709.5 16124.2
SOIL FUNDAMENTAL PERIOD (Kanai, 1983) To sn 0.9
qa (Uchiyama et al. 1984) qu kg/cm2 0.98 3.55
SOIL AMPLIFICATION (Midorikawa (1987) ZB Relative 2.6

SPT (N) VALUE (Imai and Yoshimura, 1977) SPT(30) Blow Count 5 31
WATER CONTENT (Ozcep et al, 2009) w % 45 34
45 34
 ESTIMATION OF GEOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS FROM GEOPHYSICAL DATA
( For 3 Layers)
Measured Geophysical Parameters SYMBOL UNITE 1.LAYER 2.LAYER 3.LAYER
P WAVE VELOCITY Vp m/s 235 500 1500
S WAVE VELOCITY Vs m/s 150 275 500
DEPTH OF LAYER h m 1.6 1.2 ?
If y
RESISTIVITY VALUES ohm-m - - - ple

Derived Geotechnical Parameters SYMBOL UNITE 1.LAYER 2.LAYER 3.LAYER

For 30m, Avarage S (SHEAR) WAVE VELOCITY Vs (30) m/sn 433
DENSITY (Gardner at al., 1974) gr/cm3 1.21 1.46 1.93
MAX SHEAR MODULUS (Kramer, 1996) Gmax kg/cm2 272.7 1106.9 4815.7
YOUNG MODULUS (Bowles, 1988) E kg/cm2 630.5 2840.6 13845.1
POISSON RATIO (Bowles, 1988) - 0.16 0.28 0.44
BULK MODULUS (Bowles, 1988) K kg/cm2 305.7 2183.3 36920.3
SOIL FUNDAMENTAL PERIOD (Kanai, 1983) To sn 0.4
qa (Uchiyama et al. 1984) qu kg/cm2 1.29 5.07 19.54
SOIL AMPLIFICATION (Midorikawa (1987) ZB Relative 1.8
SPT (N) VALUE (Imai and Yoshimura, 1977) SPT(30) Blow Count 8 49 REF
WATER CONTENT (Ozcep et al., 2009) w % - - -
#VALUE! #VALUE! #VALUE!
 return "main
s" , click the cell !

Dr. Ferhat zep

stp1 spt2
ou dont have a value, please 5 31
sign " - " ( dash) !
If you dont have a value,
please sign " - " ( dash) ! stp1 spt2 spt3
8 49 301
SPT (N) - Vs Velocity Relationships

Imai and Yoshimura (1977)

Sykora and Stokoe (1983)

To return "main options" ,

Ohba andToriumi (1970)

Athanasopoulos (1995)

Athanasopoulos (1995)
Pliestocene Okamoto at al. (1989)
click the cell !

Kiku at al. (2001)

Ohta and Goto (1978) Imai (1978) Lee (1990)

yisan (1994)
Dr. Ferhat zep
Pleistocene Halocene HalocenePleistocene

Gravelly Sand

Gravelly Sand
Coarse Sand

Coarse Sand
Middle Sand

Middle Sand
Fine Sand

Fine Sand
All Soils

All Soils

All Soils

All Soils

All Soils

All Soils
Gravel

Gravel

Sand

Sand

Sand

Sand
Clay

Clay

Clay

Clay

Clay

Clay
Silt
Depth (m)

SPT (N)

Vs (m/s)

1.8 8 151 160 134 147 144 153 155 195 103 112 110 118 119 150 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

3.3 8 151 160 152 165 162 173 174 220 116 127 125 133 134 169 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

4.8 8 151 160 164 178 175 186 188 237 126 137 134 143 144 182 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

6.3 8 151 160 173 188 185 197 199 250 133 144 142 151 152 192 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

7.8 8 151 160 180 196 193 205 207 261 138 151 148 158 159 201 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

9.3 8 151 160 187 203 200 213 215 271 143 156 153 163 165 208 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

10.8 8 151 160 192 210 206 219 221 279 148 161 158 168 170 214 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

12.3 8 151 160 197 215 211 225 227 286 152 165 162 173 174 220 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

13.8 8 151 160 202 220 216 230 232 293 155 169 166 177 178 225 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227
15.3 8 151 160 206 225 221 235 237 299 158 173 169 180 182 229 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

16.8 8 151 160 210 229 225 240 242 305 161 176 173 184 185 234 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

18.3 8 151 160 214 233 229 244 246 310 164 179 176 187 189 238 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

19.8 8 151 160 217 237 232 248 250 315 167 182 178 190 192 242 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

21.3 8 151 160 220 240 236 251 253 319 169 184 181 193 194 245 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

22.8 8 151 160 223 243 239 255 257 324 171 187 183 195 197 249 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

24.3 8 151 160 226 247 242 258 260 328 174 189 186 198 200 252 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

25.8 8 151 160 229 250 245 261 263 332 176 192 188 200 202 255 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

27.3 8 151 160 232 252 248 264 266 336 178 194 190 203 204 258 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

28.8 8 151 160 234 255 250 267 269 339 180 196 192 205 207 260 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227

30.3 8 151 160 236 258 253 270 272 343 181 198 194 207 209 263 151 233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125 193 227
Vs Veleocity - SPT (N) Relationships

Imai and Yoshimura (1977)

Sykora and Stokoe (1983)

Ohba andToriumi (1970)

Athanasopoulos (1995)

Athanasopoulos (1995)
Pliestocene Okamoto at al. (1989)

Kiku at al. (2001)

Ohta and Goto (1978) Imai (1978) Lee (1990)

yisan (1994)
Pleistocene Halocene HalocenePleistocene

Gravelly Sand

Gravelly Sand
Coarse Sand

Coarse Sand
Middle Sand

Middle Sand
Fine Sand

Fine Sand
All Soils

All Soils

All Soils

All Soils

All Soils

All Soils
Gravel

Gravel

Sand

Sand

Sand

Sand
Clay

Clay

Clay

Clay

Clay

Clay
Silt
Vs (m/s)
Depth (m)

SPT (N)

1.8 150 8 6 15 9 10 7 7 2 72 44 49 33 32 8 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

3.3 150 8 6 7 5 5 3 3 1 35 21 24 16 16 4 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

4.8 150 8 6 5 3 3 2 2 1 23 14 15 11 10 3 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

6.3 150 8 6 3 2 2 2 2 0 17 10 11 8 7 2 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

7.8 150 8 6 3 2 2 1 1 0 13 8 9 6 6 1 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

9.3 150 8 6 2 1 1 1 1 0 10 6 7 5 5 1 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

10.8 150 8 6 2 1 1 1 1 0 9 5 6 4 4 1 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

12.3 150 8 6 2 1 1 1 1 0 8 5 5 3 3 1 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

13.8 150 8 6 1 1 1 1 1 0 7 4 4 3 3 1 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3
15.3 150 8 6 1 1 1 1 1 0 6 4 4 3 3 1 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

16.8 150 8 6 1 1 1 1 0 0 5 3 4 2 2 1 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

18.3 150 8 6 1 1 1 0 0 0 5 3 3 2 2 1 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

19.8 150 8 6 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 3 3 2 2 0 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

21.3 150 8 6 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 2 3 2 2 0 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

22.8 150 8 6 1 0 1 0 0 0 4 2 2 2 2 0 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

24.3 150 8 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 2 1 0 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

25.8 150 8 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 1 1 0 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

27.3 150 8 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 1 1 0 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

28.8 150 8 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 1 1 0 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3

30.3 150 8 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 1 1 0 8 2 4 6 3 4 7 3 2 4 15 5 3
14 4 17 6 31

8 4 9 4 16

6 4 7 3 11

5 4 5 2 8

5 4 4 2 7

4 4 4 2 6

4 4 4 2 5

4 4 3 2 4

4 4 3 1 4
4 4 3 1 4

4 4 3 1 3

4 4 3 1 3

4 4 3 1 3

4 4 2 1 3

3 4 2 1 3

3 4 2 1 3

3 4 2 1 3

3 4 2 1 2

3 4 2 1 2

3 4 2 1 2
 UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION

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Sample 1 Sample 3
Liquit Limid (%) = 75 Liquid Limit (%) = 55
Plastic Limit (%) = 60 Plastic Limit (%) = 20
Plastisity Index (%) = 15 Plastisity Index (%) = 35
Sample 2 Sample 4
Liquid Limit (%) = 45 Liquid Limit (%) = 45
Plastic Limit (%) = 30 Plastic Limit (%) = 20
 Plastisity Index (%) = 15 Plastisity Index (%) = 25

60

Sample 1 Sample 2
50 Sample 3 Sample 4 A Line
Column U
Plastisity Index PI (%)
40
CH

30
MH & OH

20 CL

10 CL&ML ML & OL

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Liquit Limid LL (%)

Figure 1. LL-PI curve

100.00

90.00
Percentage Fine (% )

Sample
80.00 A
70.00 Sample
B
60.00
Sample
50.00 C

40.00

30.00

20.00

10.00

0.00
0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000
Grain Size (mm)

Figure 2. Granulometry Curve

Use Figure 2 !
 Use Figure 2 !

Use Figure 2 !

Use Figure 2 !
D10 (mm) 0.9
D30 (mm) 3
D60 (mm) 7

Cu (uniformity coeficient) 7.78

Cz 1.43

Passed Retained
Sieve No 200 45 55
COARSE GRAINED SOILS
Use the Sieve 4 's Results !
Soil Type is such as:
First and or Second letter GM,GC,SM,SC
G=Gravel
S=Sand
M=Silt COARSE GRAINED SOILS
C=Clay
O=Organic Main Symbol
Pt=Peat
Second Letter Passed Retained
W= well graded Sieve No 4 40 60
P=poorly graded Type GRAVEL
M=Silt Main Symbol G
C=Clay WELL
L= Low Plastisity Sub-Symbol (1) POORLY
H= High Plastisity
Cz 1.43
Grading POORLY
Sub-Symbol P
Soil Symbol
G P

Sub-Symbol (2)

PI 8
LL 25
Soil Sub-Symbol
C

PI 3.5
M C

PI Koulu
Alt Simge C
A izgisi Kolu
Alt Simge C
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Dr. Ferhat zep

 FINE GRAINED SOIL

PI 32
Main Symbol C C

LL 48
Second Symbol L PI 19.6
M C

Soil Symbol
0
CL C

Unified Soil Classification System

Sample A Sample B Sample C

Grain Grain Grain
Percentage Percentage Percentage
Size Fine (%) Size Fine (%) Size Fine (%)
(mm) (mm) (mm)
37.500 95.00 37.500 85.00 37.500 92.00
20.000 89.60 20.000 85.00 20.000 87.00
14.000 86.40 14.000 75.00 14.000 84.00
10.000 82.90 10.000 65.00 10.000 79.00
6.300 72.30 6.300 55.00 6.300 72.00
3.350 35.70 3.350 45.00 3.350 55.00
1.180 15.400 1.180 14.000 1.180 22.000
0.6 9.60 0.6 5.00 0.6 14.00
0.212 1.2 0.212 4 0.212 4
0.063 0.8 0.063 0.9 0.063 1
Soil Type is such as:
GM,GC,SM,SC
 LL PI
0.0 4.0
25.5 4.0
30.0 7.3
 1000.0 715.4
30.0 7.3

1000.0 892.8

50 0
50.0 1000.0

n System

Sample D Sample E
Grain Grain
Percentage Percentage
Size Fine (%) Size Fine (%)
(mm) (mm)
37.500 98.00 37.500 93.00
20.000 88.00 20.000 88.00
14.000 75.00 14.000 86.40
10.000 74.00 10.000 81.00
6.300 72.30 6.300 73.00
3.350 46.00 3.350 31.00
1.180 19.000 1.180 21.000
0.6 9.00 0.6 13.00
0.212 6 0.212 3
0.063 1 0.063 0.9
 SOIL BEARING CAPACITY
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(STATIC & DYNAMIC) click the cell !

Structural Data
Depth of Footing beneath ground surface, m Df 3
Footing Width, m B 4
Footing Length, m L 5
Radius for Circular Foundation, m R 3

Laboratory Data and Coefficients

Cohesion, ton/m2 c 2.1
Unit Weigth of Backfill Soil, ton/m3 1.8
Terzaghi (1943)
Foundations 1.8
Unit Weigth of Soil beneath Footing, ton/m3 / Lower Layer from
Meyerhof (1963)
Angle of Shearing Resistance (o) 30
Foundation Slope from vertical direction (0) 0 Terzaghi (1948)

Bearing Capacity Coefficients Nq 22.4 Meyerhof (1973)

Bearing Capacity Coefficients Nq 18.3
Vesic (1973)
Bearing Capacity Coefficients Nc 37.0
Bearing Capacity Coefficients Nc 30.0 Meyerhof (1963)
Bearing Capacity Coefficients N 22.3
Bearing Capacity Coefficients N 15.6
Bearing Capacity Coefficients Kp 2.993 37.0
Shape Coefficients sc 1.479 30.0
Shape Coefficients sq 1.239
Shape Coefficients s 1.239
Depth Coefficients dc 1.259
Depth Coefficients dq 1.130
Depth Coefficients d 1.130
Slope Coefficients ic 1.000
Slope Coefficients iq 1.000
Slope Coefficients i 1.000
If foundation is below the groundwater level, please use the effective unite weigth !
Water Unit Weigth, ton/m3 w 1.0
Saturate Unit Weigth, ton/m3 s 1.8
Effective Unit Weigth, ton/m 3 0.8 From Laboratory Data

Unit Conversion
1 kg/cm2
10 ton/m2
100 kN/m2 or kPa

Unit Conversion
10 ton/m2
1 kg/cm2
100 kN/m2 or kPa

Unit Conversion
100 kN/m2 or kPa
10 ton/m2
1 kg/cm2 3.0
1.478825
Kant (2003)
1.2394124085 1
SPT (N) Value 10 1.2394124085 1
30 1.259489
c, ton/m 2 6.54 1.1297446915 1
1.1297446915 1

1 0
Dr. Ferhat zep
for Df B

RESULTS
Safety Factor
From Laboratory Data 3

Terzaghi (1943)'e Gre

Fondation Type qult, ton/m2 qa , kPa
Strip Foundation 278.69 929
Rectengular Foundation 284.50 948
Circular Foundation 257.86 860
Square Foundation 285.95 953

Meyerhof (1963)
qult, ton/m2 qa , kPa
334.46 1115

From in Situ Tests

Avarage Value
from the Footing depth to 2B depth
SPT (corrected) 20

From SPT(N) Data

For Max 25 mm settlement qa , kPa
Bowles (1996) 295
Ground Water Level
Meyerhof (1956) 151

GWL (m) 1 For qa obtained from SPT (N) data,

Df (m) 1.5 grounwater effect correction coefficient.
B (m) 2 This (Cw) value must multyply with qa
value !
Cw (water corr. coefficient) 0.8

Craig (1992) With Burland ve Burbridge (1985) Approch

SPT (N) (Uncorrected) 12
B (m) 2
Ic 0.053

qa , kPa
292
 Seismic Soil Bearing Capacity (Richards at al., 1993)

a Horizontal Acceleration kh 0.3

Vertical Acceleration kv 0.2
Acceleration Coefficient 20.57
Angle of Shearing Resistanc 30
0
KpE 2.238

Seismic Bearin Capacity Factors 22.0

NqE 13.7
NcE 22.0
N 17.0

Foundation Type qult , ton/m2

Strip Foundation 181.25
Circular Foundation 170.69
Square Foundation 182.90

Laboratory and structural data must be

entered in related section !
Safety Factor
3

qa , kPa
Strip Foundation 604
Circular Foundation 569
Square Foundation 610

For Sandy Soils

With Zeveaert (1983) Approch, variation of Angle of Shearing Resistance with Acceleration

static 30
Values must be between 25-35
Acceleration (g) 0.2
c (coeficient) 0.6666666667
dynamic 24

With Okamoto (1984) Approch, variation of Angle of Shearing Resistance with Acceleration

static 30
Values must be between 5-20
Acceleration (g) 0.2
kh 0.1
SPT(N) 10
dynamic 26
c*ivvme 0.1333333333
2/3*sinfi 0.3331800684
1-2/2sinfi 0.6668199316
0.1999540311
0.8000459689
0.399839056
 Soil Bearing Capacity (qa)
With Geophysical (Vs velocity ) Data
(Tezcan at al, 2006) Vp Velocity

Vs Velocity
Avarage Value
from the Foundation depth to 2B depth Select from Table 1
Vp 600 m/sn
Vs 400 m/sn
B 1.5 m
Foundation Width

Soil Type 2
p 18 kN/m3
0.97
qa 169 kPa

Unit Weigth from Vp

Soil Bearing Capacity

qa 165 kN/m2
qa 175 kN/m2
qa 184 kN/m2
qa 204 kN/m2

birim hacim Tr 1 17.2 kN/m3

Tr 2 18.2 kN/m3
Tr 3 19.2 kN/m3
Tr 4 21.2 kN/m3

data,
qa 175
fficient. vs>500 qa #VALUE!
with qa

sv #VALUE!

175

alfa1 1
alfa2 0.965
alfa3 0.815 0.71
0.82

alfa
 Vp Velocity

Vs Velocity

Select from Table 1

Table 1.

p = o + 0.002 vp (kN/m3)

o = 16 for loose sandy, silty and clayey soils (Soil Type1)

o = 17 for dense sand and gravel (Soil Type2)
o = 18 for mudstone, limestone, claystone, conglomerate, etc. (Soil Type 3)
o = 20 for sandstone, tuff, graywacke, schist, etc. (Soil Type 4)

qa = 0.024 vs

If Vs>500 m/sn,
qa = 0.024 vs sv 30.6

sv = 1 3 x 10 -6 ( vs- 500 ) 1.6

If B value is 0 B 1,2 m, then = 1

If B value is 1,2 B 3,0 m, then a = (1,13-0,11*B)
If B value is 3,0 B 12 m , then = (0,83 - 0,001*B)
If B value is bigger then 12, then a = 0,71.
oil Type 3)
sptden treyen vs hz
sptdz st #DIV/0!

#VALUE!
spt
0
yas
0 0
0.00
0.00

294.8814
327.2727

196.0364
151.4357
SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS (Static& Dynamic) To return "main options" , click the cell !

Dr. Ferhat zep

Structure Data
Contact Presure, ton /m2 q 100
Depth of Footing, m Df 2
Width of Footing , m B 3
Footing Length, m L 2
Unit Weigth, ton/m3 1.8
Net Contact Presure qnet 96.4 ton/m2
945.4 kN/m2 yada kPa

Load
Analysis with Static Loads
Settlement (Immediate, Coarse Grained Soils)
Burland ve Burbrigde (1985) Approach
q 100 ton/m2
L 2 m Ticknes of Layer
B 3 m for Analysis
H 5 m Duration (min 3 years)
t 10 yl
SPT(N)Correct. 10 Average value for 2B
Df 2 m depth
1.8 ton/m3 From Figure 1

Ic 7 Fom Table 1
r 0.2
Fom Table 1
r3 0.3
Z1 2.2 m
-0.7
fs 0.8
f 1.0
Net Structure Load
ft 1.4

qnet 96.40 ton/m2

945.4 kN/m2

Average (mm)
Si (Settlement 161.2
53.7

Settlemet (Consolidation) II E (kN/m2) 12000

(poison ratio) 0.3 Francis (1964)
mv (m2/kN) 0.00010000

mv 0.0001 m2/kN
H 3 m
qnet 145 kN/m2

Sc (Settlement) 43.5 mm
Settlement (Clayed Soils) III

20 kN/m3 form Figure 3

0.9 Sands (normallly Consalidated)
0.55 form Figure 3

q 240 kN/m2
B 3 m
L 6 m From SPT Value or from
Df 1.5 m Tables
H 3.5 m
Ed 7 MN/m2
qnet 210 kN/m2

Si 44.55 mm

Figure 3. Impact factors for settlements

Settlement IV

q 240 kN/m2
L 6 m
B 3.5 m
from Table 3
Df 2 m
20 kN/m3
0.5
from SPT Value of Tables
E 7 MN/m2
qnet 200 kN/m2
Is 1.44 Fexible Foundation
Is 1.11 Rigit Foundation

Settlement (Si)
107.9 mm (Flexible Foundation)
83.2 mm (Rigit Foundation)

Simple Approaches (1)

Settlemet (from qa obtained SPT value) V

qnet 240 kN/m2

qa 250 kN/m2

Settlement (Si)
24.0 mm

Simple Approaches (2)

from SPT Value (Meyerhof Approach) VI

qnet 240 kN/m2 25.2

SPT (N) 15 20.3
B 1.5 m

Settlement (Si)
25.2 mm
30.4 mm for Raft Foundations
Simple Approaches (3)
form SPT values (Terzaghi and Peck Approach) VII
qnet 240 kN/m2
SPT (N) 15
B 1.5 m
Df 1.5 m
G.W.L. 3 m
Settlement (Si)
 34.6 mm

Simple Approaches (4)

form SPT value (Bowles, 1977) VIII

SPT 15
B 1.5 m 24
q 240 KN/m2 20.809712
22.998982
Settlement (Si)
23.0 mm

Simple Approaches (5)

from SPT value (Meyerhof, 1974) IX

SPT 15
B 1.5 m
q 240 KN/m2

Settlement (Si)
for Silty Sand 32.7 mm
for Sand and Gravel 16.3 mm

Simple Approaches (6)

form SPT value (Meyerhof 1965) X

SPT 15
B 1.5 m 24
q 240 KN/m2 33.295539
34.498474
Settlement (Si)
34.5 mm
 Dr. Ferhat zep

Analysis with Dynamic Loads (1)

Ishihara ve Yoshimine (1992) Approach

For this analysis, you must do soil liquefaction analysis and must find Safety factor (SF) !
Safety factor for soil liquefaction

Corrected SPT60 value

SF 0.45
N1(60) 6 Relative density of soils
Dr 40 tickness of liqeufable layer
h (m) 1
N1 6.6 Settlement 4.2
% 4.2 cm

From Figure 4; by
SF and N1 (or Dr)
Analysis with Dynamic Loads (2) value

Tokimatsu ve Seed (1984) Approach

For this analysis, you must do soil liquefaction analysis and must find CSR !

Cylic Stress Ratio

CSR 0.4 Corrected SPT60 value

N1(60) 10 tickness of liqeufable layer
h (m) 10
From Figure 5; by CSR and N1 (60) value
% 2.5
Settlement 25
cm
Analysis with Dynamic Loads (2)
For Dry Sands
Krinitsky et al. (1993) Acceleration of earthquake

Corrected SPT60 value

Acceleration 0.45
N1(60) 9 tickness of sand layer
h (m) 10 From figure 6, by acceleration adn N1 (60) value
% 0.35
Settlement 3.5
cm
return "main options" , click the cell !

n 3 years)

Table 1
r 0.2
r3 0.3

Francis (1964)
 Estimation Elastisity Modulus form emprical relations
Estimation of Elastisity Modulus form SPT (N) Value for Sands
SPT (N) Value 5
E
Sands (normallly Consalidated) 9545 kPa 10 MN/m2
21132 kPa 21 MN/m2
Sands (Saturate) 4773 kPa 5 MN/m2
Sands (Overconsolidated) 29250 kPa 29 MN/m2
Gravelly Sand and Gravel 12109 kPa 12 MN/m2
Clayed Sand 6109 kPa 6 MN/m2
Silty Sand 3027 kPa 3 MN/m2

Estimation of Elastisity Modulus form qu value for clays

qu 98 kPa
E
Ip > 30 min 4900 kPa 4.9 MN/m2
max 24500 kPa 24.5 MN/m2
Ip < 30 or Stiff Clay min 24500 kPa 24.5 MN/m2
max 73500 kPa 73.5 MN/m2
Bowles (1988)
Min Max
kPa MN/m2 kPa MN/m2
Normally Consollidated Sensitive Clay 9800 10 24500 25
Normally Consolidated Sensitive
and weak Consolidated Clay 36750 37 58800 59
Strong Overconsolidated Clay 73500 74 98000 98

Table 2 . Elastisity modulus for different type of soils

Soil Types E Value (MN/m2)
Soft Clays 2 ila 5
Stiff Clay 4 ila 8
Firm Clay 7 ila 20
Sandy Clays 30 ila 40
Silty Clays 7 ila 20
Loose Sand 10 ila 25
Dense Sand 50 ila 90
Dense Gravel-Sand 100 ila 200

Table 3. Poison ratio for different types of Soils

Soil Type (poison Oran)
Satutated Clay 0,4-0,5
Unsturated Clay
or Sandy Clay 0,2-0,4
Sand ( = 40) 0,3-0,4
Sand ( = 20) 0,1-0,2
Silt 0,3-0,4
 Rock 0,1-0,4

Foundation)

aft Foundations
 Safety Factor (SF)

Figure 4

N1 (60) value

n adn N1 (60) value

Figure 1. Estiamtion of Ic coefficient form SPT Values For sands and gravels
(Burland ve Burbrigde (1985).
Estimation of elastisity modulus form SPT value
Webb (1969)
SPT value 5
E Webb (1969)
Sand 9560 kPa 10 MN/m2
Begeman (1974)
Clayed Sand 3187 kPa 3 MN/m2
Silt (with sand) 3237 kPa 4 MN/m2 Begeman (1974)

Gravel (with sand) 2747 kPa 3 MN/m2 Tromifenkov (1

Sand(min) 23999 kPa 24 MN/m2
Sand (max) 34284 kPa 34 MN/m2 Tromifenkov (1

3630 2747
3237 12949
Estimation of elastisity modulus both SPT value and poison ratio

Poison Ratio
SPT value 5 0.3 Farrent (1963)
E
Sand 3908 kPa 4 MN/m2

Bowles (1988)
 H / H (%)

Figure 5
ds and gravels
Webb (1969)

Webb (1969)

Begeman (1974)

Begeman (1974)

Tromifenkov (1974)

Tromifenkov (1974)

Farrent (1963)
 Figure 6

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Acceleration (g)
0
 ESTIMATION OF SUBGRADE REACTION COEFFICIENT
To return "main options"
Scott (1981)
1. APPROACH
SPT Data
Scot (1981) Dr. Ferhat zep

SPT (N) Value 15

ks 2700 ton/m3
ks 27000 kN/m3

2. APPROACH

From Figure
qu 2.0 kg/cm2
SPT(N) 13

By using qu or SPT(N) values, Angle of Shearing Resistance or qu,

please estimate the subgrade reaction coefficient from following Figure1 !
Figure 1. Estimation od Subgrade Reaction coefficient ffrom SPT, qu and Angle of Shearing Resistance ( ) (from ekerciolu, 2002)
To return "main options" , click the cell !
Bowles (1988) Yaklam
3. APPROCH

Bowles (1988)
qa 110 kN/m2
SF (safety Factor) 4
ks 17600 kN/m3

4. APPROCH
For Clayed Soils

Bowles (1988)
qu 620 kN/m2
ks 24.000-48.000 kN/m3

5. APPROCH

By using the following Table , please select the subgrade reaction coefficient !

Table (Bowles, 1988)

Soil Type (ks), kN/m3
Loose Sand 4.800 - 16.000
Medium Dense Sand 9.600 80.000
Dense Sand 64.000 - 128.000
Silty Medium DenseSand 24.000 - 48.000
Clayed Medium Dense Sand 32.000 - 80.000
Clayed Soil (qu 200 kPa) 12.000 - 24.000
Clayed Soil (200 < qu 800 kPa) 24.000 - 48.000
Clayed Soil (qu > 800 kPa) >48.000
 Bowles (1988) Yaklam
0

7. YAKLAIM

Bowles (1988)Yaklam
S (Oturma) 30 mm
qnet 250 kN/m2
ks 8333 kN/m3
Birim Dnm
1 kg/cm2
10 ton/m2
100 kN/m2 yada kPa

Birim Dnm
10 ton/m2
1 kg/cm2
100 kN/m2 yada kPa

Birim Dnm
100 kN/m2 yada kPa
10 ton/m2
1 kg/cm2
SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS ( STATIC AND DYNAMIC)
Dr. Ferhat zep

Necessary Data
Slope angel, To return "main options" , click the cell !
15
Angle of Shearing Resistance, 25
Acceleration (g) 0.4
Cohesion, c 3 ton/m2
(Unit weigth) 1.7 ton/m3

1. Approch : With Static Loads

For Sandy Soils

Slope Angle, 24
Angle of Shearing Resistance, 36 Safety Factor

FS 1.6
Figure 1. Slope Parameters

2. Approach: With Dynamic (Earthquake) Loads (Siyahi and Ansal, 1993)

Please select one of the following values , 1g;
Earthquake Acceleration (g) 0.4 0,2g; 0,3g ve 0,4g !
Slope Angle, 45 0 0.1 0.2
Angle of Shearing Resistance, 29 Safety Factor 3.90 3.42 2.93
N1(min) 2.17 1.2

FS 1.2
MEDIUM RISK / BSL
Figure 2. Variation of N1(min) values with acceleration and slope angle (Siyahi and Ansal, 1993)

3. Approch: Slope triggered earthquake, and estimation of critical acceleration (ac) (Wilson et al., 1979)
ac = Critical
Acceleration

g (gravitation) 980 cm/sn2 ac 0.38 g

c (cohesion) 3 ton/m2 ad (design acceleration)
Slope Angle, 35
Angle of Shearing Resistance, 24 ad 0.30 g
(Unit weigth) 1.7 ton/m3 NO RISK
h ( sliding layer tickness) 3 m
4. Approch: Slices Method (Static State)

FS 1.1

Slice
Angle of
slice length unite angle form cohesion
slice width Shearing
length under weigth vertical (kN/m2) Resistance
GWL
slice
number
b (m) h (m) hw (m) (kN/m3) c' '
1 3.0 1.0 1.0 19 -22.0 12 24
2 2.4 2.5 2.4 19 -18.0 12 24
3 2.4 4.2 4.0 19 -9.0 12 24
4 2.4 5.8 5.4 19 -3.0 18 24
5 2.4 7.0 6.4 19 1.0 12 24
6 2.4 8.0 7.4 19 7.0 12 24
7 2.4 8.9 7.6 19 13.0 18 45
8 2.4 9.4 7.5 19 19.5 12 24
9 2.4 9.6 6.1 19 26.0 12 24
10 2.4 9.5 6.1 19 33.0 12 24
11 2.4 8.8 4.9 19 40.5 12 24
12 2.4 7.1 2.8 19 48.5 12 24
13 1.6 4.5 0.2 19 56.7 12 24
14 1.5 1.6 0.0 19 65.5 12 24
 kh= acceleration coeficient
5. Approch: Slices Method (Dynamic/Earthquake State) (Das, 1993)
kh 0.12 radius (m)
R 22.83

FS 0.8

slice
length unite angle form cohesion Angle of
slice width slice length Shearing
under weigth vertical (kN/m2) Resistance
GWL
slice number b (m) h (m) hw (m) (kN/m3) L c' '
1 3.0 1.0 1.0 19 -22.0 21 12 24
2 2.4 2.5 2.4 19 -18.0 20 12 24
3 2.4 4.2 4.0 19 -9.0 19 12 24
4 2.4 5.8 5.4 19 -3.0 18 12 24
5 2.4 7.0 6.4 19 1.0 17 12 24
6 2.4 8.0 7.4 19 7.0 16 12 24
7 2.4 8.9 7.6 19 13.0 15 12 24
8 2.4 9.4 7.5 19 19.5 14 12 24
9 2.4 9.6 6.1 19 26.0 13 12 24
10 2.4 9.5 6.1 19 33.0 12 12 24
11 2.4 8.8 4.9 19 40.5 11 12 24
12 2.4 7.1 2.8 19 48.5 10 12 24
13 1.6 4.5 0.2 19 56.7 9 12 24
14 1.5 1.6 0.0 19 65.5 8 12 24
 0

Dr. Ferhat #DIV/0!

zep #DIV/0!
0 #DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

R, Odaktan Uzaklk (km)

#VALUE!
 0.3 0.4
2.52 2.17

Table 1. Risk Levels for Microzonation

SF Risk Level Symbol

<=1 Higher Risk ASL
1< GK <=2 Medium Risk BSL
>2 Lower Risk CSL
Dilim Arl

wi bi/cosi wi.cosi ui ubi/cosi (7)-(9)

57 3.24 52.85 10 32 21
114 2.52 108.43 24 61 48
192 2.43 189.16 40 97 92
264 2.40 264.12 54 130 134
319 2.40 319.15 64 154 166
365 2.42 362.08 74 179 183
406 2.46 395.45 76 187 208
429 2.55 404.08 75 191 213
438 2.67 393.50 61 163 231
433 2.86 363.38 61 175 189
401 3.16 305.23 49 155 151
324 3.62 214.63 28 101 113
137 2.91 75.16 2 6 69
46 3.61 18.93 0 0 19
39.25 1836
Dilim Arl
wi bi/cosi wi.cosi ui ubi/cosi (7)-(9)
57 3.24 52.85 10 32 21
114 2.52 108.43 24 61 48
192 2.43 189.16 40 97 92
264 2.40 264.12 54 130 134
319 2.40 319.15 64 154 166
365 2.42 362.08 74 179 183
406 2.46 395.45 76 187 208
429 2.55 404.08 75 191 213
438 2.67 393.50 61 163 231
433 2.86 363.38 61 175 189
401 3.16 305.23 49 155 151
324 3.62 214.63 28 101 113
137 2.91 75.16 2 6 69
 46 3.61 18.93 0 0 19
39.25 1836
R, Odaktan Uzaklk (km)
wi.sini tanfi tan fi x 7-9

toplam bi/cosa i * cohesion

-21 0.444974 9.122033 38.8242
-35 0.444974 21.29868 30.28055
-30 0.444974 40.92385 29.15863
-14 0.444974 59.77795 43.25923
6 0.444974 73.65573 28.80438
44 0.444974 81.49757 29.01606
91 0.999204 208.0902 44.33516
143 0.444974 94.84067 30.55058
192 0.444974 102.626 32.03934
236 0.444974 84.03431 34.33355
261 0.444974 67.02298 37.86292
242 0.444974 50.40111 43.44275
114 0.444974 30.85433 34.94454
41 0.444974 8.425168 43.35046
1270 932.5705 500.2023
 tanfi tan fi x 7-9
wi.sini kh wi (L/R) toplam bi/cosa i * cohesion
-21 6.3 0.444974 9.122033 38.8242
-35 12.0 0.444974 21.29868 30.28055
-30 19.1 0.444974 40.92385 29.15863
-14 25.0 0.444974 59.77795 28.83948
6 28.5 0.444974 73.65573 28.80438
44 30.7 0.444974 81.49757 29.01606
91 32.0 0.444974 92.66854 29.55677
143 31.5 0.444974 94.84067 30.55058
192 29.9 0.444974 102.626 32.03934
236 27.3 0.444974 84.03431 34.33355
261 23.2 0.444974 67.02298 37.86292
242 17.0 0.444974 50.40111 43.44275
114 6.5 0.444974 30.85433 34.94454
 41 1.9 0.444974 8.425168 43.35046
1270 291.0 817.1489 471.0042
 PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS Prapared by :
Year Interval 105 Dr.Ferhat zep
(stanbul University)
Poison Probability Distribution Department of Geophysical Engineering

To return "main options" , click the cell !

Point number for regression 6

Magnitude Intervals 4.5 M <5.0 5.0 M < 5.5 5.5 M <6.0 6.0 M <6.5 6.5M <7.0
Ni (Occurence Numbers) 28 11 5 1 1

Average Magnitude M or (Xi) 4.7 5.2 5.7 6.2 6.7

Ni (cummulative) 47 19 8 3 2
Ni/t 0.4476190476 0.180952381 0.0761904762 0.0285714286 0.019047619
Log Ni/t yada (Yi) -0.3490914411 -0.7424356981 -1.1180993121 -1.5440680444 -1.7201593034

Xi 35.7000000 a 2.735499955
Yi -7.4950431 b -0.669693076
Xi^2 216.7900000
XiYi -47.5254136 Log (N) = a - b* M
(Xi)^2 1274.4900000
Dr. Ferhat zep

To draw corectly the Magnitude - Frequency Relation

graph, erase "0" cell !
(Recurrence Relationships)

4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5
FREQUENCY (N)

f(x) = - 0.6696930764x + 2.7354999552

R = 0.9865395651

MAGNTUDE
 Poison Probability Distribution

Risk = Rm = 1- e-(N(M) *D) Average

Probability (%) For D (Year) Return Period
N(M) Magnitude 10 50 75 100 (Yl)
0.2438 5 91.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 4
0.1128 5.5 67.6 99.6 100.0 100.0 9
0.0522 6 40.6 92.6 98.0 99.5 19
0.0241 6.5 21.4 70.1 83.6 91.0 41
0.0112 7 10.6 42.8 56.7 67.2 90
0.0052 7.5 5.0 22.7 32.1 40.3 194

D (year) Probability of Exceedence (%) M (magnitude)

Acceleration values for D (year) 30 20 7.3
and exceedence of probability
Dr. Ferhat zep
, Epicentral Distance (km) H, Focal depth (km)
25 15 29.2

Esteva (1970) Donavan(1973c) Oliviera (1974) Joyner ve Boore (1981) Campbell (1997)
a (g) 0.14 0.21 0.14 0.37 0.38

-0.2231435513
Joyner ve Boore (1981) Attenuation Relationship -0.0074381184
-4.9011373684
-2.1285369142
90 -4.864036869
Probability of Exceedence (%)

80
70
5 10 20 40 80
60
alma olasbyklk
50
0.64 0.49 0.37 0.27 0.18
40
8.2 7.7 30 7.3 6.7 6.0
20
-0.051293 -0.1053605157
10 -0.2231435513 -0.5108256238 -1.6094379124
-0.00171 -0.00351201720 -0.0074381184 -0.0170275208 -0.0536479304
-6.371393 -5.6515647090.10 -4.9011373684
0.20 0.30 -4.0729243738
0.40 0.50 -2.9253123863
0.60 0.70
-2.767061 -2.4544433672 -2.1285369142 -1.7688485807 -1.2704470272
Acceleration (g)
 ### -5.189943322 -4.864036869 Acceleration (g)
-4.504348536 -4.005946982
Figure. Hazard Curve

Spectral Acceleration Attenuation Relationship by Boore et al. (1997)

Moment Magnitude (Mw>=5)
Design Earthquake Magnitude (Mw) 7.3
Rjb 20
closest horizontal distance from the station to a point in km
Vs, 30 800
average shear-wave velocity (m/s) to a depth of 30 m
unspecified faulting mechanism strike-slip fault reverse-slip fault
Period (s) Acceleration (g)
0.0 0.18 0.17 0.20
0.2 0.42 0.38 0.45
1.0 0.17 0.16 0.18

Spectral Acceleration Attenuation Relationship

0.50
0.45
0.40
unspecified
0.35 faulting
Acceleration (g)

0.30 mechanism
0.25 strike-slip
fault
0.20
revers-slip
0.15 fault
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
Period (s)

bss -0.313 0.999 -1.113

brv -0.117 1.17 -1.009
ball -0.242 1.089 -1.08
 b2 0.527 0.711 1.036
b3 0 -0.207 -0.032
b5 -0.778 -0.924 -0.798
bv -0.371 -0.292 -0.698
Va 1396 2118 1406
h 5.57 7.02 2.9

-0.1053605157
-0.0021072103
-6.1623903327
-2.6762921168
-4.722921644

10 10 20 40 80
alma olasbyklk
0.64 0.64 0.46 0.32 0.20

8.2 8.2 7.7 7.0 6.2

-0.105361 -0.1053605157 -0.2231435513 -0.5108256238 -1.6094379124

-0.002107 -0.0021072103 -0.004462871 -0.0102165125 -0.0321887582
-6.16239 -6.1623903327 -5.4119629922 -4.5837499975 -3.4361380101
-2.676292 -2.6762921168 -2.3503856638 -1.9906973303 -1.4922957768
### -4.722921644 -4.397015191 -4.037326857 -3.538925304
 GUMBEL EXTREME VALUES
Prapared by :
r.Ferhat zep Seismic Hazard Analysis t (year interval) 70
anbul University) Prapared by :
of Geophysical Engineering Point Number for Regression 14 Dr.Ferhat zep
Yi (Istanbul University
Department of Geophysical E
Magnitude (xi) Occurence Numbers, J J / (t+1) G(M) [-lnG(M)] [log[-lnG(M)]]
4.5 50 0.7042 0.7042 0.3507 -0.4551
7.0M <7.5 4.6 3 0.0423 0.7465 0.2924 -0.5340
1 4.8 1 0.0141 0.7606 0.2737 -0.5627
5.0 3 0.0423 0.8028 0.2196 -0.6583
7.2 5.1 1 0.0141 0.8169 0.2022 -0.6941
1 5.2 1 0.0141 0.8310 0.1851 -0.7325
0.00952381 5.3 1 0.0141 0.8451 0.1683 -0.7738
-2.0211893 5.4 1 0.0141 0.8592 0.1518 -0.8187
5.5 2 0.0282 0.8873 0.1195 -0.9225
For each year, Select 5.6 3 0.0423 0.9296 0.0730 -1.1365
single extreme ( or
maximum) value for 6.1 1 0.0141 0.9437 0.0580 -1.2367
magnitude in the t 6.4 1 0.0141 0.9577 0.0432 -1.3648
(year interval). If
there is no 6.7 1 0.0141 0.9718 0.0286 -1.5440
earthquake data in 7.4 1 0.0141 0.9859 0.0142 -1.8482
hat zep any year, designate
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
4,5 value for
magnitude for that 0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
year. 0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
0.0000 0.9859 0.0142
70
This value must be
equal t (year interval)
 Xi 77.55
MAGNITUDE- FREQUENCY RELATIONS Yi -13.2820501
(Recurrence Relationships) Xi^2 438.6525000
XiYi -78.0680836
(Xi)^2 6014.0025000
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0

FREQUENCY
f(x) = - 0.494996841x + 1.7932110664
R = 0.9830369721

MAGNITUDE
0.434294482
1.793211066 1.14
ln -0.494996841 62.12

G (M) = exp (- D exp (- M)) PROB= 1 - G(M)

M (MAGNITUDE) D (year)
1 10 25 50 100
5 18.8 87.5 99.4 100.0 100.0
5.5 11.1 69.2 94.7 99.7 100.0
6 6.4 48.6 81.1 96.4 99.9
6.5 3.7 31.4 61.0 84.8 97.7
7 2.1 19.2 41.3 65.5 88.1
7.5 1.2 11.3 26.0 45.2 70.0
Gumbel Extreme Values -0.1053605157
Probability of 5.653867E-005
D (year) Exceedence (%) M (magnitude) -9.7805857791
30 10 8.6

, Epicentral Distance (km) H, Focal depth (km)

50 15 52.2

Esteva (1970) Donavan(1973c) Oliviera (1974) Joyner ve Boore(1981) Campbell (1997)

Acceleration (g) 0.20 0.25 0.20 0.35 0.71

Joyner ve Boore (1981) Attenuation Relationship

5 10 20 40 80
0.50 90 0.35 0.24 0.16 0.09
Probability of Exceedence (%)
80
70
60
50
40
30
-0.0512932944 20 -0.1053605157 -0.2231435513 -0.5108256238 -1.6094379124
2.7525060E-005 10
5.6538667175E-005 0.0001197435 0.0002741198 0.0008636582
-10.5004137008 0 -9.7805857791 -9.0301584386 -8.2019454439 -7.0543334565
9.2 0.05 0.10
8.6 0.15 0.20 7.9
0.25 0.30 0.35 7.2
0.40 0.45 0.50 6.2
0.55
Acceleration (g)

Figure. Hazard Curve

 Prapared by :
Dr.Ferhat zep
Istanbul University)
nt of Geophysical Engineering

TIME DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKES

10
9
8
7
Frequency

6
5
4
3
2
1

4.7 0 5.2 5.7 6.2 6.7 7.2

47 1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
191912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
81928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
31943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
21958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
11973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
0.4476190 0.1809524 0.0761905 0.0285714 Year 0.0190476 0.0095238
### -0.74243570 -1.118099 -1.54406804 -1.72015930 -2.02118930
Years Numbers of Eartquakes
1900
1901 1
1902
1903 1
1904 7
1905
1906
1907
1908 5
1909 2
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917 1
1918 1
1919 1
1920 1
1921 1
1922
1923
1924 1
1925 1
1926 2
1927 1
1928 3
1929
1930
1931 1
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937 1
1938
1939 2
1940
1941 3
1942 6
1943
1944 3
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949 3
1950 1
1951
1952 3
1953 9
1954 5
1955 4
1956 1
1957 1
1958 1
1959 1
1960 1
1961
1962
1963 1
1964
1965 2
1966 7
1967 1
1968
1969 3
1970 2
1971 1
1972 3
1973 1
1974 1
1975
1976 4
1977 5
1978 1
1979 5
1980 2
1981
1982 1
1983 2
1984 4
1985 3
1986 1
1987 2
1988 2
1989 2
1990 1
1991
1992 3
1993
1994 6
1995
1996 3
1997
1998 1
1999 2
2000 1
2001 2
2002 2
2003 4
2004 1
2005 9
 Gutenberg ve Richter (1956)

Magnitude Number Magnitude Number Realesed Total Energy

2.1 200 5.5 2 70159748936573900000000 Erg
2.2 200 5.6 2
2.3 200 5.7 1
2.4 200 5.8 2
2.5 200 5.9 1
2.6 200 6.0 1 Mw
2.7 200 6.1 1 Ms
2.8 200 6.2 1 Moment Magnitude
2.9 200 6.3 1 Ms
Surface Wave Magnitude
3.0 100 6.4 1 Mb
3.1 100 6.5 1 Body Wavde Magnitude
3.2 100 6.6 1 Mw
3.3 100 6.7 1 Duration Magnitude Mb
3.4 100 6.8 1
3.5 100 6.9 1 Ms
3.6 100 7.0 1 Md
3.7 100 7.1 0
3.8 100 7.2 0
3.9 100 7.3 0 Magnitude 7.6
4.0 25 7.4 0 Duration (Eartquake) 31
4.1 25 7.5 0 38
4.2 25 7.6 0 33
4.3 20 7.7 0
4.4 15
4.5 15
4.6 14
4.7 14
4.8 12
4.9 12
5.0 10
5.1 3
5.2 2
5.3 2
5.4 3
MAXIMUM INTENSITY (Io) & MAGNITUDE AND ACCELARATION RELATION

Maximum Intensity (Io) 8

Magnitude (Gutenberg ve Richter, 1956) 6.3
Magnitude (pek) 6.4
Magnitude (Tabban ve Genolu) 6.3
Magnitude (Bath, 1973) 6.3
Magnitude (Karnik) 6.3
Magnitude (Ansal, 1997) 6.1

Maximum Intensity (Io) 8

Accel. (Gutenberg ve Richter, 1956) 0.15
Accel. (Bath, 1973) 0.15
Accel. (Wang ve Law, 1994) 0.26
Accel. (Wald ve di., 1999) 0.43
Accel. (Hessberger, 1956) 0.34
Accel. (Murphy, 1997) 0.18
 FAULT RAPTURE & MAGNITUDE RELATION

Enerji Toplam E Enerji Fault Rapture (km)

8.9125E+014 1.7825E+017 9E+014 110
1.2589E+015 2.5179E+017 1E+015
1.7783E+015 3.5566E+017 2E+015 Researcher Ms (magnitude) Conditions
2.5119E+015 5.0238E+017 3E+015 Abraseys ve Zatopek (1968) 7.4 between 5,8 and 8.0
7 4.2 3.5481E+015 7.0963E+017 4E+015 Bolinger (1968) 7.7 between 5,8 and 8.0 (shallow
6.9 3.8 5.0119E+015 1.0024E+018 5E+015 Bolinger (1968) 7.5 between 5,8 and 8.0 (deep earthqaukes)
Bath (1973)
7.0795E+015 1.4159E+018 7E+015 Douglas ve Ryall (1975) 7.5 bigger than 6,4
6.9 3.8 1.0000E+016 2.0000E+018 1E+016 Ezen (1981) 7.3 6 ile 8
6.8 5 1.4125E+016 2.8251E+018 1E+016 Matsuda (1975) 8.2 -
1.9953E+016 1.9953E+018 2E+016 Patwardan ve di. (1975) 8.4 smaller than 6
7 4.2 2.8184E+016 2.8184E+018 3E+016 Patwardan ve di. (1975) 7.4 bigger than 6
6.8 5 3.9811E+016 3.9811E+018 4E+016 Tocher (1958) 7.6 smaller than 6
Ulusay et al. (2004)
5.6234E+016 5.6234E+018 6E+016 Toksz ve di. (1979) 7.3 between 5,9 and 7,9
6.9 6.9 7.9433E+016 7.9433E+018 8E+016 Gndodu (1986) 7.4 -
6.9 6.9 1.1220E+017 1.1220E+019 1E+017 Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 7.4 (Strike Slipe)
1.5849E+017 1.5849E+019 2E+017 Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 7.5 (Reverse)
3.8 6.9 2.2387E+017 2.2387E+019 2E+017 Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 7.6 (Normal)
Hausner 3.1623E+017 3.1623E+019 3E+017 Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 7.4 (All Fault Types)
sn 4.4668E+017 4.4668E+019 4E+017
Watanabe (1977)
sn 6.3096E+017 1.5774E+019 6E+017 Ms (Magnitude)
sn Donovan (1973) 8.9125E+017 2.2281E+019 9E+017 7.6
1.2589E+018 3.1473E+019 1E+018
1.7783E+018 3.5566E+019 2E+018 Researcher Fault Rapture ( Conditions
2.5119E+018 3.7678E+019 3E+018 Abraseys ve Zatopek (1968) 176.8 between 5,8 and 8.0
3.5481E+018 5.3222E+019 4E+018 Bolinger (1968) 94.3 between 5,8 and 8.0 (shallow
5.0119E+018 7.0166E+019 5E+018 Bolinger (1968) 134.9 between 5,8 and 8.0 (deep earthqaukes)
7.0795E+018 9.9112E+019 7E+018 Douglas ve Ryall (1975) 162.2 bigger than 6,4
1.0000E+019 1.2000E+020 1E+019 Ezen (1981) 156.7 6 ile 8
1.4125E+019 1.6950E+020 1E+019 Matsuda (1975) 45.7 -
1.9953E+019 1.9953E+020 2E+019 Patwardan ve di. (1975) 56.0 smaller than 6
2.8184E+019 8.4551E+019 3E+019 Patwardan ve di. (1975) 168.0 bigger than 6
3.9811E+019 7.9621E+019 4E+019 Tocher (1958) 98.2 smaller than 6
5.6234E+019 1.1247E+020 6E+019 Toksz ve di. (1979) 203.2 between 5,9 and 7,9
7.9433E+019 2.3830E+020 8E+019 Gndodu (1986) 161.1 -
1.1220E+020 2.2440E+020 1E+020 Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 118.6 (Strike Slipe)
1.5849E+020 3.1698E+020 2E+020 Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 84.7 (Reverse)
2.2387E+020 2.2387E+020 2E+020 Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 61.7 (Normal)
3.1623E+020 6.3246E+020 3E+020 Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 105.7 (All Fault Types)
 4.4668E+020 4.4668E+020 4E+020
6.3096E+020 6.3096E+020 6E+020 DISPLACEMENT (max) & MAGNITUDE RELATION
8.9125E+020 8.9125E+020 9E+020
ON RELATION 1.2589E+021 1.2589E+021 1E+021 Ms (Magnitude)
1.7783E+021 1.7783E+021 2E+021 7.6
2.5119E+021 2.5119E+021 3E+021
3.5481E+021 3.5481E+021 4E+021 Displacement
5.0119E+021 5.0119E+021 5E+021 Researcher (m) Conditions
7.0795E+021 7.0795E+021 7E+021 Chinery (1969) 3.4 between 3,4 and 8,3
1.0000E+022 1.0000E+022 1E+022 Chinery (1969) 3.4 bigger than 6,4
1.4125E+022 1.4125E+022 1E+022 Ezen (1981) 3.2 6 and 8
1.9953E+022 1.9953E+022 2E+022 Matsuda (1975) 3.6 -
0 0 3E+022 Nikonow (1978) 2.6 6 and 8,5
0 0 4E+022 Gndodu (1986) 3.3 -
g 0 0 6E+022 Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 6.3 (Strike Slipe)
g 0 0 8E+022 Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 2.3 (Reverse)
g 0 0 1E+023 Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 7.3 (Normal)
g 0 0 2E+023 1.4E+023 Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 5.9 (All Fault Types)
g 0 0 2E+023
g Displacement
(m)
5

Researcher Magnitude Conditions

Chinery (1969) 7.8 between 3,4 and 8,3
Chinery (1969) 7.8 bigger than 6,4
Ezen (1981) 7.9 6 and 8
Matsuda (1975) 7.8 -
Nikonow (1978) 7.9 6 and 8,5
Gndodu (1986) 7.9 -
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 7.4 (Strike Slipe)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 6.8 (Reverse)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 7.1 (Normal)
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994) 7.2 (All Fault Types)
 Region Magnitude Type
Turkey Ms
World Ms
World Ms
Nevada Ms
North Anatolia Ms
Japan Ms
- Ms
- Ms
- Ms
North Anatolia Ms
Turkey Ms
World Mw
World Mw
World Mw
World Mw

Mw (Magnitude)
7.6

Region Magnitude Type

Turkey Ms
World Ms
World Ms
Nevada Ms
North Anatolia Ms
Japan Ms
- Ms
- Ms
- Ms
North Anatolia Ms
Turkey Ms
World Mw
World Mw
World Mw
World Mw
Mw (Magnitude)
7.6

Region Magnitude Type

- Ms
- Ms
North Anatolia Ms
Japan Ms
Asia Ms
Turkey Ms
World Mw
World Mw
World Mw
World Mw

Region Magnitude Type

- Ms
- Ms
North Anatolia Ms
Japan Ms
Asia Ms
Turkey Ms
World Mw
World Mw
World Mw
World Mw
 ACCELERATION ATTENUATION RELATIONSHIPS To return "main options" , clic
, Epicentral Distance Uzaklk (km)

Esteva and Villaverde (1973)

Orphal and Lahoud (1974)

Joyner and Boore (1981)

Esteva et al. (1978)
H, focal depth (km)

Campbell (1981b)
Campbell (1981a)
Shah et al. (1973)
Davenport (1972)

Donovan (1973a)

Donavan(1973b)

Donavan(1973c)

McGuier (1974)

Oliviera (1974)
M (magnitude)

Esteva (1970)

Katayama
7.3 25 15 0.15 0.38 0.30 0.41 0.20 0.22 0.29 0.72 0.37 0.15 0.26 0.22 0.38 0.16 0.16
7.3 30 15 0.13 0.30 0.26 0.36 0.18 0.20 0.26 0.60 0.32 0.13 0.23 0.17 0.31 0.15 0.14
7.3 35 15 0.11 0.25 0.23 0.32 0.16 0.18 0.23 0.51 0.29 0.11 0.21 0.13 0.26 0.13 0.13
7.3 40 15 0.09 0.20 0.21 0.29 0.14 0.16 0.21 0.44 0.26 0.09 0.19 0.10 0.22 0.12 0.11
7.3 45 15 0.08 0.17 0.19 0.26 0.13 0.15 0.20 0.38 0.23 0.08 0.17 0.09 0.19 0.11 0.10
7.3 50 15 0.07 0.15 0.17 0.23 0.12 0.14 0.18 0.34 0.21 0.07 0.15 0.07 0.17 0.10 0.09
7.3 55 15 0.06 0.13 0.15 0.21 0.11 0.13 0.17 0.30 0.19 0.06 0.14 0.06 0.15 0.09 0.08
7.3 60 15 0.06 0.11 0.14 0.19 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.27 0.17 0.06 0.13 0.05 0.13 0.09 0.08
7.3 65 15 0.05 0.10 0.13 0.17 0.09 0.11 0.14 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.12 0.05 0.12 0.08 0.07
7.3 70 15 0.05 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.23 0.14 0.05 0.11 0.04 0.11 0.07 0.06
7.3 75 15 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.14 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.21 0.13 0.04 0.10 0.04 0.10 0.07 0.06
7.3 80 15 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.04 0.09 0.03 0.09 0.07 0.05
7.3 85 15 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.18 0.11 0.03 0.09 0.03 0.08 0.06 0.05
7.3 90 15 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.16 0.10 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.05
7.3 95 15 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.09 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.04
7.3 100 15 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.14 0.09 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.04
7.3 105 15 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.14 0.08 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.04
7.3 110 15 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.08 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.04
7.3 115 15 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.12 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.03
7.3 120 15 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.03
7.3 125 15 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03
7.3 130 15 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03
7.3 135 15 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.03
7.3 140 15 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.03
7.3 145 15 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.02
7.3 150 15 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.02
7.3 155 15 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02
7.3 160 15 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02
7.3 165 15 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02
7.3 170 15 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02
7.3 175 15 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02
7.3 180 15 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02
7.3 185 15 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02
7.3 190 15 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02
7.3 195 15 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02
7.3 200 15 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02
7.3 205 15 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01
, click the cell !

Abrahamson and Litehiser (1989)

Newmark and Roseblueth (1971)

Esteva and Roseblueth (1964)

Dr. Ferhat zep

Fukishima et al. (1988)

R, Odaktan Uzaklk (km)

Campbel (1997)
Kanai (1966)

Average

0.24 0.29 0.29 0.26 0.25 0.39 0.29 29.2

0.20 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.35 0.25 33.5
0.16 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.32 0.22 38.1
0.14 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.29 0.19 42.7
0.12 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.18 0.27 0.17 47.4
0.10 0.13 0.13 0.16 0.16 0.25 0.15 52.2
0.09 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.23 0.14 57.0
0.08 0.11 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.22 0.12 61.8
0.07 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.20 0.11 66.7 1.20
0.06 0.09 0.08 0.11 0.13 0.19 0.10 71.6
0.05 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.18 0.10 76.5
1.00
0.05 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.17 0.09 81.4
0.04 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.17 0.08 86.3
0.04 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.11 0.16 0.08 91.2 0.80

Acceleration (g)
0.04 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.15 0.07 96.2
0.03 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.15 0.07 101.1
0.03 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.60
0.14 106.1
0.03 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.09 0.14 0.06 111.0
0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.06 116.0 0.40
0.02 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.08 0.13 0.05 120.9
0.02 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.12 0.05 125.9
0.02 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.05 130.9 0.20
0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.11 0.05 135.8
0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.04 140.8
0.00
0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.04 145.8
2
0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.11 0.04 150.7 5
0.01 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.04 155.7
0.01 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.10 0.04 160.7
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.04 165.7
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.03 170.7
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.09 0.03 175.6
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.09 0.03 180.6
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.09 0.03 185.6
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.09 0.03 190.6
0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.09 0.03 195.6
0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.03 200.6
0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.03 205.5
 M (magnitude) 7.3

Es teva (1970)
Davenport (1972)
0 Donovan (1973a)
Es teva and Villaverde (1973)
Donavan(1973b)
0
Donavan(1973c)
M cGuie r (1974)
Orphal and Lahoud (1974)
0
Shah e t al. (1973)
Oliviera (1974)

0 Katayam a
Es teva et al. (1978)
Joyne r and Boore (1981)
0 Cam pbell (1981a)
Cam pbell (1981b)
Ne w m ark ve Ros eblueth
(1971)
0
Kanai (1966)
Es teva ve Rose blue th (1964)
0 Fukishim a e t al. (1988)
2334455667788991111111111111111111122 Abraham s on ve Lie hise r
5050505050505050011223344556677889900 (1989)
0505050505050505050505 Cam pbell (1997)

Epicentral Distance (km)

ACCELERATION / VELEOCITY / DISPLACEMENT SPECTRA
To return "main options" , click the c

M 7.4 7.4 Earthquake & Soil Interaction

25 25 T Accel. (cm/sn2) Displace. (cm) Vel.(cm/sn)
h1 15 Epicentral 0.1 2391 0.60 38
Distance
h2 35 (km) 0.15 1629 0.92 39
1 1.8 0.2 1265 1.27 40
VS1 300 0.25 1071 1.68 42
2 2.1 0.3 979 2.21 47
VS2 600 0.35 989 3.04 55
0.43 0.43 0.4 1171 4.70 74
To 0.43 0.43 0.45 1103 5.61 79
0.5 679 4.26 54
A (Acustic Empedence): 0.55 493 3.74 43
(1 x VS1) / (2 xVS2)
0.6 398 3.60 38
0.65 339 3.60 35
Soil Fundemantal Period: 0.7 299 3.68 33
4h/VS
0.75 269 3.79 32
0.8 245 3.93 31
0.85 225 4.09 30
Kanai (1961) Approach 0.9 209 4.26 30
0.95 195 4.43 29
1 184 4.61 29
1.05 173 4.80 29
1.1 164 4.98 29
1.15 156 5.18 28
1.2 148 5.37 28
1.25 142 5.57 28
1.3 136 5.76 28
1.35 130 5.96 28
1.4 125 6.16 28
1.45 120 6.36 28
1.5 116 6.56 28
1.55 112 6.77 28
1.6 108 6.97 27
1.65 105 7.17 27
1.7 102 7.38 27
1.75 99 7.58 27
1.8 96 7.79 27
1.85 93 7.99 27
1.9 90 8.20 27
1.95 88 8.40 27
2 86 8.61 27
2.05 84 8.82 27
2.1 81 9.02 27
2.15 80 9.23 27
2.2 78 9.44 27
2.25 76 9.65 27
2.3 74 9.85 27
2.35 73 10.06 27
2.4 71 10.27 27
2.45 69 10.48 27
 2.5 68 10.69 27

II. Approach
Kawashima et al. (1984) Appraoch Stiff Soil Medium Soil Loose Soil

M Epicentral Distance Period Accl. (SS Accl. (MS) Accl. (LS)

7.5 25 0.1 804 668 434
7.5 25 0.15 950 832 529
7.5 25 0.2 841 1035 529
7.5 25 0.3 538 995 499
7.5 25 0.5 333 759 646
7.5 25 0.7 229 605 820
7.5 25 1 126 589 734
7.5 25 1.5 105 338 530
7.5 25 2 72 195 328
7.5 25 3 42 85 145

Acceleration Spectra for different kind of Soils

1200

1000 Acceleration (Stiff Soil)

Acceleration (cm/sn2)

Acceleration (Medium
800 Soil)
Acceleration (Loose
600 Soil)

400

200

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Period (s)
III. Approach

Acceleration Estimation by Boore et al. (1997) Approach

Mw 7.3
Rjb 25
Vs, 30 250

Mechanism Strike
Uncertain Slipe Fault Reverse Fault
Period Acceleration (g)
0.0 0.24 0.22 0.27
0.2 0.49 0.44 0.53
1.0 0.31 0.30 0.34

Acceleration Spectrum

0.60

0.50
Mechamism
Uncertain
Acceleration (g)

0.40
Strike Slipe
0.30 Fault

0.20 Reverse
Fault
0.10

0.00
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
Period (s)

bss -0.313 0.999 -1.113

brv -0.117 1.17 -1.009
ball -0.242 1.089 -1.08
b2 0.527 0.711 1.036
b3 0 -0.207 -0.032
b5 -0.778 -0.924 -0.798
bv -0.371 -0.292 -0.698
Va 1396 2118 1406
h 5.57 7.02 2.9
click the cell ! Dr. Ferhat zep

Soil Acceleraton Spectrum

3000

2500

2000
Acceleration (cm/sn2)

1500

1000

500

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Period (sn)

Soil Displacement Spectrum

12.00

10.00

8.00
Displacement (cm)

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

T period (sn)
 0.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

T period (sn)

izelge. Kawashima ve di. (1984) Yaklam iin katsaylar

c Sert Zemin Orta Zemin Yumuak Zemin

a b a b a b
-1.18 2420 0.21 848 0.26 1307 0.21
-1.18 2407 0.22 629 0.29 948 0.24
-1.18 1269 0.25 466 0.32 1128 0.23
-1.18 575 0.27 267 0.35 1263 0.22
-1.18 212 0.3 102 0.39 581 0.28
-1.18 103 0.32 34.3 0.44 65.7 0.42
-1.18 40.1 0.34 5 0.55 7.4 0.54
-1.18 7.1 0.43 0.72 0.63 0.8 0.65
-1.18 5.8 0.42 0.35 0.64 0.35 0.67
-1.18 1.7 0.46 0.36 0.59 0.26 0.64
 Soil Velocity Spectrum

90

80

70

60
Velocity (m/sn)

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Period (sn)
SOIL AMPLIFICATION ANALYSIS
To return "main
options" , click the
Amplification Analysis (Relative) I cell ! Amplification
Amplification
Midorikawa (1987) A 2.8 Average horizontal spectral
amplification between
Joyner and Fumal (1984) A 2.1 0,4and 2,0 s periods
Borcherdt et al. (1991) Weak Motion AHSA 3.5
Strong Motion AHSA 3.0 Average horizontal spectral
amplification between
0,4and 2,0 s periods
Shear Wave Velocity
Depth (m) Tickness (m) Vs Velocity, (m/s)
1.8 1.8 200 Vs, 30 (m/s)
3.3 1.5 200 200.0
4.8 1.5 200
6.3 1.5 200
7.8 1.5 200
9.3 1.5 200
10.8 1.5 200
12.3 1.5 200 Dr. Ferhat zep
13.8 1.5 200
15.3 1.5 200
16.8 1.5 200
18.3 1.5 200
19.8 1.5 200
21.3 1.5 200
22.8 1.5 200
24.3 1.5 200
25.8 1.5 200
27.3 1.5 200
28.8 1.5 200
30 1.2 200
Amplification Analysis (for two layers) II
h1 30
Bu Program iki tabakal zemin
vs1 140 koular iin BYTME hesab yapar.
1 1.7
vs2 600 Hazrlayan:
Dr. Ferhat zep
2 2.1 .. Mh. Fak. Jeofizik Mh. Bl.
To 0.86
3.14
0.19

1 : density for 1st layer (gr/cm3)

2 : density for 2nd layer (gr/cm3)
VS1 : Shear wave velocity for 1st layer
(m/s)
VS2 : Shear wave velocity for 2st layer
(m/s)
Period Relative Amplification h1: tickness of layer (m)
0.1 1.55
0.2 1.10
0.3 3.44
0.4 1.02
0.5 1.11
0.6 1.56
0.7 2.58
0.8 4.58
0.9 4.93
1 3.46
1.1 2.60
1.2 2.14
1.3 1.87
1.4 1.69
1.5 1.56
1.6 1.47
1.7 1.40
1.8 1.34
1.9 1.30
2 1.26
2.1 1.24
2.2 1.21
2.3 1.19
2.4 1.17
2.5 1.16

Amplification Spectrum (Two Layers)

Relative Amplification

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Period (sn)
 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Rel
Period (sn)

Amplification Analysis (Damped Soil) III

h1 30
vs1 140 Bu Program Rijit anakaya zerinde
niform snml zemin koular
Damping 0.2 iin BYTME hesab yapar.
3.14
To 0.86 Hazrlayan:
Dr. Ferhat zep
.. Mh. Fak. Jeofizik Mh. Bl.

Period Relative Amplification

VS1 : Shear wave velocity for 1st layer
0.1 0.36 (m/s)
0.2 0.62 h1: tickness of layer (m)
0.3 1.08
0.4 0.84
0.5 0.95
0.6 1.30
0.7 1.94
0.8 2.82
0.9 3.24
1 2.86
1.1 2.39
1.2 2.05
1.3 1.82
1.4 1.66
1.5 1.54
1.6 1.45
1.7 1.39
1.8 1.34
1.9 1.29
2 1.26
2.1 1.23
2.2 1.21
2.3 1.19
2.4 1.17
2.5 1.16

Amplification Spectrum (Damped Soil)

Relative Amplification

4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Period (s)
 0.00

Relat
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Period (s)

Amplification (Undamped Soil) IV

h1 30
vs1 140
Tz 0.86
3.14 Rijit Anakaya
zerinde
snmsz bir
zemin iin
Bytme'nin
hesaplanmas
Period Relative Amplification Hazrlayan:
0.1 1.59 Dr.Ferhat zep
0.2 1.11 .. Mh. Fak.
Jeofizik Mh. Bl.
0.3 4.45
0.4 1.03
0.5 1.11
0.6 1.61
0.7 2.90
0.8 9.00
0.9 13.25
1 4.48
1.1 2.94
1.2 2.30 VS1 : Shear wave velocity for 1st layer (m/s)
1.3 1.96 h1: tickness of layer (m)
1.4 1.75
1.5 1.60
1.6 1.50
1.7 1.42
1.8 1.36
1.9 1.32
2 1.28
2.1 1.25
2.2 1.22
2.3 1.20
2.4 1.18
2.5 1.16

Amplification Spectrum (Undamped Soil)

14.00
Relative Amplification

12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Period (s)
 2.00

Rel
0.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Period (s)
 fication

Shear Modulus, Gmax (kg/cm2)

izontal spectral
ion between
2,0 s periods 755 760 765 770 775 780 785 790 795 800 805
0
orizontal spectral
ation between
2,0 s periods
5

10
Depth (m)

15

20

25

30

35
 Shear Wave (Vs) Velocity, m/s
150 200 250 (m/sn)300 350 400
0

10
Depth (m)

15

20

25

30

35
Depth (m) Gmax Sear Wave Velocity (m Density (gr/cm3)

1.8 760 200 1.9

3.3 760 200 1.9
4.8 760 200 1.9
6.3 760 200 1.9
7.8 760 200 1.9
9.3 760 200 1.9
10.8 760 200 1.9
12.3 760 200 1.9
13.8 760 200 1.9
15.3 760 200 1.9
16.8 760 200 1.9
18.3 760 200 1.9
19.8 760 200 1.9
21.3 760 200 1.9
22.8 800 200 2.0
24.3 800 200 2.0
25.8 800 200 2.0
27.3 800 200 2.0
28.8 800 200 2.0
30 800 200 2.0
Soil Liquefaction Analysis To return "main options" , click the cell !

Ground Water Level

G.W.L 1 Magnitude 7.2

Data MSF 1.11016017 Acceleration, a (g) 0.4

FN=Fine Content

v' (kPa)
v (kPa)
(gr/cm3)

CSR (E)
Depth

WT (m)

rd
1.8 1.7 4 30.0 22.2 0.80 0.9881470 0.348
3.3 1.8 4 56.5 33.9 2.30 0.9773893 0.423
4.8 1.8 4 83.0 45.7 3.80 0.9669309 0.456
6.3 1.8 4 109.5 57.5 5.30 0.9551352 0.473
7.8 1.8 4 136.0 69.3 6.80 0.9397014 0.480
9.3 1.8 4 162.5 81.0 8.30 0.9179441 0.478
10.8 1.8 4 188.9 92.8 9.80 0.8875651 0.470
12.3 1.8 4 215.4 104.6 11.30 0.8478937 0.454
13.8 1.8 4 241.9 116.3 12.80 0.8008678 0.433
15.3 1.8 4 268.4 128.1 14.30 0.7507104 0.409
16.8 1.8 4 294.9 139.9 15.80 0.7022129 0.385
18.3 1.8 4 321.4 151.7 17.30 0.6589112 0.363
19.8 1.8 4 347.9 163.4 18.80 0.6223666 0.344
21.3 1.8 4 374.3 175.2 20.30 0.5925368 0.329

Dr. Ferhat zep

to continue
the analysis
I
I
I
V
 the analysis
I
I
I
V

Liquefaction Anaysis by Shear Wave Velocity

Seismic Site Yalova
Seismic Point: SK1
If VS1>VS1c, then "SY"
Safety Factor
Vs (field) m/s

Lp (Vs1'den)

SvlamaDzeyi
Lp Grubu
Vs1, m/s

CRR (S)
Depth

Vs1c
CV

SF
1.8 120 1.46 174.88 220 0.1195 0.3434 11.2869 BL SV
3.3 120 1.31 157.22 220 0.0937 0.2215 23.5720 AL SV
4.8 120 1.22 145.94 220 0.0799 0.1750 34.8471 AL SV
6.3 120 1.15 137.81 220 0.0709 0.1498 45.1239 AL SV
7.8 120 1.10 131.54 220 0.0644 0.1342 54.3619 AL SV
9.3 120 1.05 126.48 220 0.0594 0.1242 62.5137 AL SV
10.8 120 1.02 122.26 220 0.0555 0.1181 69.5326 AL SV
12.3 120 0.99 118.67 220 0.0522 0.1150 75.3839 AL SV
13.8 120 0.96 115.54 220 0.0495 0.1143 80.0586 AL SV
15.3 120 0.94 112.79 220 0.0471 0.1153 83.5837 AL SV
16.8 120 0.92 110.34 220 0.0451 0.1172 86.0171 AL SV
18.3 120 0.90 108.13 220 0.0433 0.1194 87.4270 AL SV
19.8 120 0.88 106.13 220 0.0417 0.1212 87.8700 AL SV
21.3 120 0.87 104.30 220 0.0403 0.1225 87.3782 AL SV Figure 1. CSR - Vs Relationships (Andrus and Stokoe, 2001)

To continue
the analyis
I
I
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V
 To continue
the analyis
I
I
I
V
Probability
Liquefaction Analysis by SPT Data Liquefaction
Boring Site Yalova Liao et al.
If SPT (field) value is bigger If N1(60) value is bigger Safety Factor (1988)
Boring Point S1 than 50, then write "SY" than 30, then write "SY"
SPT (field)

CRR (Z)

PL (%)
N1(60)
Depth

CN

CB

CR
CS

SF
1.8 20 1.70 1.0 1.0 0.80 20.4 0.24473 0.70353 82
3.3 20 1.70 1.0 1.0 0.80 20.4 0.24473 0.5785 94
4.8 20 1.48 1.0 1.0 0.80 17.7 0.20983 0.45974 99
6.3 20 1.32 1.0 1.0 0.80 15.8 0.18703 0.39547 100
7.8 20 1.20 1.0 1.0 0.80 14.4 0.17127 0.35708 100
9.3 20 1.11 1.0 1.0 0.80 13.3 0.15953 0.33341 100
10.8 20 1.04 1.0 1.0 0.80 12.5 0.15035 0.32001 100
12.3 20 0.98 1.0 1.0 0.80 11.7 0.14291 0.31469 100
13.8 20 0.93 1.0 1.0 0.80 11.1 0.13674 0.31583 100
15.3 20 0.88 1.0 1.0 0.80 10.6 0.13151 0.32162 100
16.8 20 0.85 1.0 1.0 0.80 10.1 0.12701 0.33001 100
18.3 20 0.81 1.0 1.0 0.80 9.7 0.12308 0.33905 100
19.8 20 0.78 1.0 1.0 0.80 9.4 0.11962 0.34732 100
21.3 20 0.76 1.0 1.0 0.80 9.1 0.11654 0.35405 100

Figure 2. CRR - N1 (60) Relationships

to continue
the analyis
I
I
I
V
 to continue
the analyis
I
I
I
V

Iwasaki et al. (1978) Approach

D50, Fine Content (FC), SPT (N) value

Before the analysis,

please enter the data Before the analysis, please enter the
related cell ! data related cell !
R2 R3
SPT (field)

Factors R1 R2 (a) R2(b) R2( c ) R2 R3(a) R3(b) R3

Soil Earthq. 0.41085 0.19 0.12241531 -0.05 0.12242 0 0 0.000
Depth D50 R L GK 0.38689 0.19 -0.0348529 -0.05 -0.03485 0 0 0.000
FN

1.8 0.1 4 20 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.36668 0.19 -0.0348529 -0.05 -0.03485 0 0 0.000
3.3 0.5 4 20 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.34934 0.19 -0.0348529 -0.05 -0.03485 0 0 0.000
4.8 0.5 4 20 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.33425 0.19 -0.0348529 -0.05 -0.03485 0 0 0.000
6.3 0.5 4 20 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.32096 0.19 -0.0348529 -0.05 -0.03485 0 0 0.000
7.8 0.5 4 20 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.30914 0.19 -0.0348529 -0.05 -0.03485 0 0 0.000
9.3 0.5 4 20 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.29853 0.19 -0.0348529 -0.05 -0.03485 0 0 0.000
10.8 0.5 4 20 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.28895 0.19 -0.0348529 -0.05 -0.03485 0 0 0.000
12.3 0.5 4 20 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.28023 0.19 -0.0348529 -0.05 -0.03485 0 0 0.000
13.8 0.5 4 20 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.27226 0.19 -0.0348529 -0.05 -0.03485 0 0 0.000
15.3 0.5 4 20 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.26493 0.19 -0.0348529 -0.05 -0.03485 0 0 0.000
16.8 0.5 4 20 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.25817 0.19 -0.0348529 -0.05 -0.03485 0 0 0.000
18.3 0.5 4 20 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.25189 0.19 -0.0348529 -0.05 -0.03485 0 0 0.000
19.8 0.5 4 20 0.2 0.5 0.4
21.3 0.5 4 20 0.2 0.5 0.4

M 7.2
Before the analysis, please enter the data related
cell !
 Before the analysis, please enter the data related
vme, a (g olarak) 0.40 cell !

Before the analysis, please enter the data related

cell !

LIQUEFACTION ANALYSIS BY RELATIVE DENSITY

Acceleration - Relative Density (%) Relationships

1

0.9 (No Risk)

0.8 (Medium Risk)

0.7
Dr (Relative Density) %
Sample 1
Accl. (g) 0.2 0.6
Dr (%) 0.5
0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2 (Higher Risk)

0.1

0
0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.3

Acceleration (g)

Figure 3. Liquefaction risk by relative density and acceleration(Tezcan ve Teri, 1996)

 Table . Corrections to SPT as listed by Robertson & Wride (1998)(after Youd et al., 2001).

Liquefaction possibility of Silty and clayed sands (Andrews ve Martin, 2000)

Clay Content %
4

LL<32 SE SIVILAMAYA HASSAS, LL>=32 SE AYRINTI ALIMALAR GEREKR

VARIATION OF SAFETY FACTOR (SF) WITH DEPTH To daw the graph, please To daw the graph, pleas
erease the "VeriYok" !!! erease the "VeriYok" !!

Safety Factor (SF) & Depth SPT Vs SPT Vs

SF
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20
0

Depth (m)

SF

SF
SF

SF
1.8 0.70 0.70
-5 3.3 0.58 0.22 0.58 0.22
4.8 0.46 0.18 0.46 0.18
6.3 0.40 0.15 0.40 0.15
7.8 0.36 0.13 0.36 0.13
-10 9.3 0.33 0.12 0.33 0.12
Depth (m)

10.8 0.32 0.12 0.32 0.12

12.3 0.31 0.11 0.31 0.11
13.8 0.32 0.11 0.32 0.11
15.3 0.32 0.12 0.32 0.12
-15 16.8 0.33 0.12 0.33 0.12
18.3 0.34 0.12 0.34 0.12
19.8 0.35 0.12 0.35 0.12
21.3 0.35 0.12 0.35 0.12
-20
SPT Data
Safety Factor Boundary
Vs Data

-25
 Andrus andStokoe (1999) Corrected SPT Value

(N1)60
10
Vs1 159 m/s

Corrected Shear Wave

Velocity (m/s)

Vs1
159 m/sn
(N1)60 10

e, 2001)
Estimation of treshold acceleration by shear wave velocity by Dobry ve di. (1981) approach

Vs 200 m/sn Shear wave velocity

z 3 m
G/Gmax 0.8
Ticknes of soil layer
Unite Shear Deformation 0.0001
Treshold Acceleration Value (at) 0.11 g
Design Acceleration (ad) 0.18 g
Expected Acceleration (amax) 0.30 g estimate from seismic
hazard analysis and
atenuation relationships
SF 0.6
Liquafaction
 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION & LIQUEFACTION

Sample A

100

100

100

100

100
100
Grain Percentange
Size (mm) Finer (%)
Liquafection lower

Weight Percentange (%)

80
37.500 95.00 limit
20.000 89.60 Liquefaction upper
14.000 86.40 limit
60 Sample A
10.000 82.90
6.300 72.30
Critical
3.350 35.70 40 Zone
1.180 15.400
0.6 9.60
0.212 1.2 20

0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Grain Size (mm)

Figure. Liquefaction supectibility & grain size relationships (Finn, 1972)

 EVALUATION OF MAXIMUM AREA FOR LIQUEFACTION
Kuribayashi ve Tatsuoka (1975)
A) Earthquake magnitude (Mj) & maximum epicentral distance of liquefation

Mj 6.5
R (km) 25.4 Wakamatsu (1991)
R (km) 108.8 Ambraseys
R (km) 52.5 Wakamatsu (1988)
(1993)

B) Epicentral/Fault distance & triggering of liquefacion by earthquake magnitude (Mw)

Epicentral distance (km)
Re (km) 50.0 Mw 6.5
Ambraseys (1988)
Rf (km) 50.0 Mw 6.7

Epicentral distance
Faydan Uzaklk
(km)

C) For Turkey, Earthquake magnitude (Ms) that trigger the liquefation (Ulusay et al. (2000)

Focal depth (km) (km) 25

h (km) 10 Yzey Dalgas Magnitd

R (km) 26.9 Ms 5.2 Lower Limit

Ms 6.3 Medium
Hipocetral distance (km) Ms 7.4 Upper Limit

Ms 7.4

R (km) 106.4 Upper Limit

66.4 Medium
 26.4 Lower Limit

Symbols/ Abreviations
v =overburden presure
v' =efective overburden presure
SITK = tickness of saturated soil layer (m)
D = Depth of Analysis (m)
FC =Fine Content
G.W.L.= Ground Water Level (m)
= Unit weigth
M = Magnitude of design earthquake
Acceleration (a) = acceleration of design earthquake (g)
SPT fields = SPT(N) value in the field
N1(60) = corrected SPT (N) value
Vs (field)= shear wave velocity in the field
Vs1 = overburden stress corrected shear wave velocity
rd=Stres reduction factor
CN ve CV = for SPT(N) and Vs, efective presure correction facotor
CB, CS and CRfor SPTN (N), respectively Borehole Diameter, Sampling Method and Road Length correction factors
CSR and CRR = Cyclic Stress Ratio and Cyclic Resistance Ratio

MSF= Magnitude Scaling Factor

Dr (%) = Relative density (%)
Rf= Distance from active fault (km)
Re= Epicentral or hipocentral distance (km)
Mw= Moment magnitude
MJ=Japon Meteorology Agancy Magnitude Scale
SY = No Liquefaction, SO= Liquefaction Possible and SV=Liquefaction
Lp = Liquefaction Potential
PL = Liquefaction Probality

Not: Bu programda (1) eer su ieren tabaka kalnl sfrsa svlama olmayacandan otomatik olarak GK=2 alnmaktadr.
(2) Teorik olarak N1(60) deeri 30'dan, SPT (Arazi) deeri 50'den ve Vs1 deeri de vs1c (maksimum 220 m/sn)den byk deerlerde svlama beklenmez
Program bu deerden byk deerler iin, SY (Svlama Yok) ifadesi vermektedir.
w the graph, please
se the "VeriYok" !!!
ection factors
These programs were prepared by Dr Ferhat OZCEP
E mail : ferozcep@istanbul.edu.tr
Web page: www.istanbul.edu.tr/eng2/jfm/ozcep

Attention !!!
Data must enter only via red colored cell/letters

To return begining, please clic