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Teme abordate:
Lipide noiuni generale, transportul lipidelor lipoproteine
a) Structural:
Lipide simple (C, H, O) acilgliceroli - gliceride (AG), ceride i steride
Lipide complexe (C, H, O, N, P, S) glicerofosfolipide, sfingolipide
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coad hidrofob
Acizi nesaturai
- acid palmitoleic 16:1(9), acid oleic 18:1(9), acid linoleic 18:2 (9,12)
-acid -linolenic 18:3(9,12,15), acid -linolenic 18:3 (6,9,12),
acid arahidonic 20:4 (5, 8, 11, 14), acid nervonic 24:1 (15)
cis
Acid oleic
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Familia -7
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OH OH
acid hidroxilignoceric acid hidroxinervonic
acid cerebronic
Acid linoleic
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ACILGLICEROLI (GLICERIDE)
- mono, di, triacilgliceroli: omogeni i heterogeni, funcie de natura acidului
- 1 atom C asimetric 2 enantiomeri
Funcii biologice:
- Depozit de energie n esutul adipos
- Protecie termic, mecanic
Chilomicroni
VLDL
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(R-CO-)
HDL
LDL
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HOOC HOOC
HO OH HO OH
acid colic (3, 7, 12-trihidroxicolanic) acid chenodezoxicolic (3,7-dihidroxicolanic)
OH OH
- + - +
CO-NH-CH2 -COONa CO-NH-(CH2)2 -SO 3Na
HO OH HO OH
glicocolat de sodiu taurocolat de sodiu
Rol biologic:
- emulsionare TG
alimentare
Lecitina fosfatidilcolina
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Cefaline
Serincefaline
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LIZOLECITINA
LCAT
colesterol + lecitin colesterol esterificat + lizolecitin
lizolecitn + acid gras lecitin
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Phospholipids Phosphotidylinositides
Phospholipase C Fosfolipaza C
Diglyceride (DG)
Phospholipase A2 DG Lipase
(IP3)
Arachidonic Acid
SFINGOMIELINAZA
COLINSFINGOMIELINE
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CEREBROZIDE i SULFATIDE
GALACTOCEREBROZID
GLICOLIPIDE - GANGLIOZIDE
NHCOCH3
O
-
H COO
O
CH3-CO NH
(CHOH)2
CH2OH
H H H
OH H
Funcii biologice:
- componente minore ale membranelor celulare (mai ales n sist. nervos)
- rol n procese de recunoatere celular i imunitate - receptori
- n jonciunile neuromusculare
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(+)
colecistokinin
Lipaze:
Lipaza pancreatic
Fosfolipaza A2
Colesterol esteraza
Aciune limitat:
- lipaza lingual
- lipaza gastric
- lipaza glanda mamar
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FORMAREA CHILOMICRONILOR
Metabolismul chilomicronilor
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LIPOPROTEINE MAJORE
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Apoproteine
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Chilomicroni,
apo-C-I - 7,600 VLDL, IDL i Activeaz LCAT
HDL
Chilomicroni,
apo-C-II - 8,916 VLDL, IDL i Activeaz lipoprotein lipaza (LPL)
HDL
Chilomicroni,
apo-C-III - 8,750 VLDL, IDL i Inhib LPL
HDL
Deficit de LPL
Abetalipoproteinemie - deficit de apoproteine - hipolipoproteinemie
Ctlina Pisoschi Biochimie clinic Master LCAM
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