WORKBOOK

IN MATHEMATICS
VI

( third Quarter )

May Ester M. Rubio

Master Teacher I

1
 Chapter 11

Ratio and
Proportion
Lesson No. 1 Ratio

Lesson No. 2 Proportion

Lesson No. 3 Finding the Missing Term in a Proportion

Lesson No. 4 Solving Word Problems Involving

Proportion

2
Lesson No. 1

Ratio
Ratio is a comparison between the number of elements of two sets.
Example: Jose has 4 baseballs and 8 baseball bats. What is the ratio of baseballs to
baseball bats ?
Ratio can be expressed by using colon: 4 : 8 or as fraction : 4 / 8
As a rule , ratios should be expressed in simplest form, just like fractions. Changing
ratios to simplest form is like reducing fractions to lowest terms. So, 4 / 8 will become .

Practice
Give the ratio in simplest form.
1)

star to sun _______________________

2)

moon to can ____________________

3)

paper to arrow _____________________

4)

box to diamond _______________________________

5)

3
face to thunder bolt _______________________________

More Practice
Look at the table below then express the given ratios in simplest form.

Number of Calories Used for Certain Activities

a. brisk walking 300 f. jumping rope 600
b. bicycling 300 g. running 650
c. basketball 300 h. sitting 80
d. climbing stairs 1 200 i. sleeping 60
e. dancing 250 j. walking 220

1) a : I _____________________ 6) d : h _____________________

2) e : b _____________________ 7) b : f _____________________

3) i : g _____________________ 8) d : c _____________________

4) j : f _____________________ 9) g : e _____________________

5) c : a _____________________ 10) h : I _____________________

Homework
Complete the following.

1) 120 s = _____ min 11) 40 mm = _____ cm

2) 30 min = _____ h 12) 100 cm = _____ m

3) 2 h = _____ min 13) 3 km = _____ m

4) 21 d = _____ wk 14) 500 g = _____ kg

5) 60 h = _____ d 15) 100 g = _____ kg

6) 60 mo = _____ yr 16) 4 kg = _____ g

7) 6 mo = _____ yr 17) 1 peso = _____ centavos

8) 26 wk = _____ yr 18) 300 centavos = _____ peso

9) 50 yr = _____ decades 19) 72 pcs. = _____ doz

10) 2 centuries = _____ years 20) 48 pcs = _____ doz

Lesson No. 2

4
 Proportion
Proportion is a pair of equivalent ratios.

Example: There are 3 boys and six mangoes . Give the ratio. 3 : 6

There are 2 girls and 4 candies. Give the ratio. 2 : 4

The proportion is: 3 : 6 = 2 : 4

The parts of a proportion are: mean

3:6=2:4

extreme

One method of checking a proportion is through the product test. If the

product of the means is equal to the product of the extremes, then the pair of
ratios forms a proportion.

Practice
Do the ratios form a proportion ? Write = or in the blank.

1) 7 : 8 _____ 5 : 6 11) 16 : 5 _____ 22 : 7

2) 4 : 7 _____ 9 : 15
3) 3 : 5 _____ 10 : 6
4) 3 : 5 _____ 9 : 15
5) 7 : 3 _____ 8 : 4
6) 6 : 7 _____ 4 : 5
7) 2 : 3 _____ 18 : 27
8) 13 : 8 _____ 14 : 7
9) 2 : 8 _____ 1 : 4
10)3 : 4 _____ 54 : 72
12) 5 : 7 _____ 6 : 9
13) 7 : 6 _____ 5 : 4
14) 7 : 15 _____ 8 : 9
15) 6 : 7 _____ 7 : 8
16) 3 : 2 ____ 6 : 4
17) 4 : 7 _____ 5 : 8
18) 21 : 7 _____ 18 : 6
19) 7 : 8 _____ 14 : 16
20) 4 : 7 _____ 8 : 14

5
 More Practice

Which two ratios form a proportion ? Check ( ) the blank before the number of the two
ratios that form a proportion and cross out ( X ) those that are not.
_____ 1) 1 : 2 = 2 : 4 _____ 11) 13 : 9 = 26 : 19

_____ 2) 3 : 6 = 6 : 12 _____ 12) 18 : 32 = 36 : 96

_____ 3) 4 : 2 = 2 : 4 _____ 13) 7 : 13 = 49 : 91

_____ 4) 5 : 2 = 10 : 4 _____ 14) 15 : 25 = 60 : 100

_____ 5) 3 : 4 = 6 : 8 _____ 15) 11 : 9 = 30 : 24

_____ 6) 4 : 5 = 16 : 20 _____ 16) 7 : 14 = 21 : 41

_____ 7) 5 : 4 = 10 : 4 _____ 17) 6 : 35 = 30 : 175

_____ 8) 6 : 2 = 3 : 2 _____ 18) 6 : 8 = 102 : 140

_____ 9) 6 : 5 = 30 : 25 _____ 19) 12 : 17 = 102 : 140

_____ 10) 5 : 3 = 9 : 15 _____ 20) 18 : 13 = 225 : 156

Homework
Match column A to column B.

Column A Column B
_____ 1) 3 : 9 a) 1:6
_____ 2) 1 : 5 b) 33 : 75
_____ 3) 11 : 25 c) 3:5
_____ 4) 2 : 8 d) 4 : 12
_____ 5) 5 : 30 e) 16 : 18
_____ 6) 2 : 7 f) 6 : 21
_____ 7) 8 : 9 g) 20 : 100
_____ 8) 15 : 30 h) 7 : 10
_____ 9) 6 : 10 i) 1:4
_____ 10) 14 : 20 j) 1:2

Write = if it forms a proportion or if otherwise.

1) 3 : 12 _____ 1 : 4 6) 7 : 21 _____ 1 : 3
2) 9 : 6 _____ 18 : 15 7) 4 : 10 _____ 2 : 5
3) 4 : 5 _____ 20 : 25 8) 18 : 20 _____ 9 : 10
4) 8 : 10 _____ 1 : 5 9) 15 : 50 _____ 3 : 9
5) 6 : 7 _____ 12 : 21 10 ) 25 : 60 _____ 5 : 6

6
 Lesson No. 3

Finding a Missing Term in a

Proportion
To get the missing part of a proportion, you have to identify first the means
and extremes. Example:

1 : 3 = 3 : N
means

extremes

Which has the missing part ? The missing number is one of the extremes. We
can compute this using multiplication and division.

Step 1 : Multiply the terms of the proportion that are partners. These are the
means and the extremes. Since one is unknown , this is what we are
going to find out.

3X3=9 1XN=N

Step 2 : Divide the partners whose product is known by the given number in the
partners whose product is unknown. The quotient is the missing number.

9 1 =9

Try to find the unknown ( N ) in the given proportion below. Show your solution.
1) 5 : 3 = N : 15
2) 6 : 10 = 30 : N
3) 3 : N = 12 : 48

Practice
What should be inside the box to make the two ratios a proportion ? Show your
solution .

1) 5 : 4 = : 20 11) : 26 = 6 : 13
2) : 2 = 10 : 20 12) 3 : 8 = : 28
3) 3 : 4 = 9 : 13) 5 : 7 = 40 :
4) 6 : = 12 : 36 14) 15 : 30 = : 10
5) 8 : 30 = : 15 15) 7 : = 21 : 27
6) 7 : 4 = 63 : 16) : 18 = 27 : 54

7
7) : 10 = 9 : 30
8) 9 : 4 = : 16
9) 8 : 12 = 24 :
10)20 : 15 = 100 :
More Practice
Find the missing terms.
1) 1 : 2 = _____ : 12
2) _____ : 4 = 3 : 12
3) _____ : 35 = 4 : 7
4) 7 : 3 = 21 : _____
5) 5 : 30 = 6 : _____
6) 6 : _____ = 8 : 72
7) _____ : 9 = 21 : 3
8) 4 : 42 = _____ : 21
Homework
A. Find the missing term.
1) 2 : ___ = 1 : 5
2) ___ : 3 = 6 : 2
3) 8 : 12 = 4 : 6
4) 15 : 5 = ___ : 1
5) 4 : ___ = 1 : 7
8
17) 6 : 9 = 2 :
18) 8 : = 9.6 : 6
19) 2 : 3 1/3 = : 6
20)4/9 : 6/35 = 14 :
9) 6 : 7 = 144 : _____
10) _____ : 3 = 12 : 9
11) 2 : 3 = 4 : _____
12) 20 : 10 = _____ : 6
13) 2 : _____ = 8 : 24
14) 18 : _____ = 36 : 4
15) 12 : 6 = _____ : 7
6) 2 : 6 = 4 : ___
7) ___ : 9 = 4 : 2
8) 20 : 4 = ___ : 1
9) ___ : 4 = 20 : 5
10) 9 : 21 = 3 : ___
 Lesson No. 4

Solving Word Problems Involving

Proportion
Study the problem below.
Romas mother bought 3 pineapples worth P 60.00. How much is 1 pineapple ?
Lets use the RSTUVW Approach in solving this problem.

Read and analyze the problem Problem:

carefully. The cost of each pineapple

Study the details of the problem. Given:

3 pineapples cost P 60

Think of the operation/s to be used This requires finding a missing

number in a proportion so we need
the operations multiplication and
division.

Use the operation/s thought of to 30: 6 = 1 : N

answer the problem N = 60 X 1 3 = 60 3 = 20

Verify the accuracy of the answer 60 X 1 = 60

3 X 20 = 60

Write the final answer to the Each pineapple cost P 20

problem

Practice
Solve the problems below.
1) An assembly line produces 75 cars per day. How many cars can it produce in 5
days ?
Proportion : __________________________________________________

Answer: ______________________________________________________

2) Barbara assembles 55 sets of headlights a day. How many sets can she
assemble in 10 days ?
Proportion : __________________________________________________

Answer: ______________________________________________________

9
 3) Jake and Vangie install car seats. They can work on 5 cars in 75 minutes. How
long does it take them to install the seats per car ?
Proportion : __________________________________________________

Answer: ______________________________________________________

4) A machine can paint 72 cars every 2 hours. How many cars does it paint per half
hour ?
Proportion : __________________________________________________

Answer: ______________________________________________________

5) Tony spends 350 minutes every week to drive to and from work. How many
minutes does it take him to drive to and from work in one day ? ( Assume a 5
day working week . )
Proportion : __________________________________________________

Answer: ______________________________________________________

More Practice
Analyze the following problems, then write a proportion for each. Solve and label your
answer.
Example:
There are 3 roses for every 4 daisies in a garden. If there are 15 roses, how
many daisies are there ?
3 : 4 = 15 : n
3 X n = 4 X 15
3n = 60
n = 60 3
= 20 daisies

1) If 20 men assemble 8 machines in a day, how many men are needed to

assemble 12 machines in a day ?

2) A certain company manufactures 2 black and white TV sets for every color
TV sets. In one day, this company manufactures 42 black and white TV sets.
How many color TV sets were produced that day ?

3) The ratio of the width of a certain rectangle to its length is 3 : 5. The length of the
rectangle is 45 cm. How wide is it ?

4) n a local election, candidate Y won by a margin of 3 : 2. If the loser, candidate Z,

received 5 742 votes, how many votes did the winner get ?

10
5) The directions on a can of paint state that 1 part of thinner should be added to 15
parts of paint. Mr. Reyes bought 8 L of paint. How much thinner should be added
to this amount of paint ?

6) A sprinter runs 100 m in 10.6 s. At this rate, what is his speed per minute ?

7) During the first hour, a troop of Boy Scouts hiked 3.4 km. How long will it take
them to cover 17 km ?

8) If Teddy Joy can read 450 words per minute, how long will it take her to read a
book with 2 475 000 words ?

9) A recipe called for 1 big can of evaporated milk to every 4 eggs. If Rose has 24
eggs, how much milk does she need ?

10)An automobiles regular speed is 65 kph. At this rate, how far can it travel in 4.2
hours ?

Homework
Solve.

1) Mr. Reyes pain P 161.95 for 15.8 L of gasoline. At this rate, how much would 25
L of gasoline cost ?

2) Mrs. Santos drove her car for 59 km on 5 L of fuel . At this rate, how much
gasoline would be needed to drive 141.6 km ?

3) A car traveled 268 km in 4.5 hours . At this rate, how long would it take to travel
380 km ?

4) While Rauls team was playing 126 games, a pitcher won 114 victories.In order
to maintain this rate, how many games must he win in a schedule of 210

11
 games ?

5) There are 12 chairs for every 2 rows. How many chairs are there in 16 rows ?

6) Three pieces of big papayas cost P 90. How much is a piece of papaya ?

7) Two pieces of guava cost P 20. How much is the cost of 20 guavas ?

8) A piece of banana cost P 2. How much is the cost of 30 bananas ?

9) Three pieces of mangoes cost P 45. How many mangoes can you buy with P
180 ?

10) A piece of big papaya is estimated to weigh about 3 kg. About how many
kilograms are 5 papayas of the same size ?

12
 Chapter 12

Percent
Lesson No. 1 Base , Rate and Percentage

Lesson No. 2 Finding the Percentage

Lesson No. 3 Finding the Base

Lesson No. 4 Finding the Rate

Lesson No. 5 Finding the Rate, Base and Percentage

Lesson No. 6 Discount

Lesson No. 7 Commission

Lesson No. 8 Interest

Lesson No. 9 Sales Tax

Lesson No. 10 Finding the Discount, Commission, Interest

and Sales Tax

13
 Lesson No. 1

Base, Rate and Percentage

Any percent problem has three parts. They are :

BASE the whole of 100 %

PERCENTAGE a part of the base

RATE the ratio of the percentage to the base and is written with the symbol %

Try to determine which is the base, percentage and the rate in the following :

1) 50% of 80 is 40. 4) 80% of 15 is 12

2) 9 is 10% of 90 5) 100 is 20% of 500
3) 25 is 25% of 100

Practice

Box the base, encircle the percentage and underline the rate in the following problems.

1) 18 is 15% of 120 11) 34 is 17% of 200

2) 40% of 130 is 52 12) 15% of 823 is 123.45

3) 65% of 200 is 130 13) 23% of 1 200 is 276

4) 24 is 16% of 150 14) 1 025 is 125% of 820

5) 12 is 75% of 16 15) 0.06% of 1 100 is 0.66

6) 32 is 25% of 128 16) 12.5% of 88 is 11

7) 180 is 30% of 600 17) 5.5 is 50% of 11

8) 2% of 300 is 6 18) 15 is 33.33% of 45

9) 30% of 150 is 45 19) 45 is 300% of 15

10)16% of 50 is 8 20) 33.33% of 15 is 5

More Practice

A. Identify what part is unknown in the following percent problem. Write B if it is the
base, P if it is the percentage or R if it is the rate.
_____ 1. What is 5% of 30 ? _____ 11. What percent of 48 is 12 ?

14
_____ 2. 10 is 20% of what number ? _____ 12. 24 is what percent of 96 ?

_____ 3. What percent of 52 is 100 ? _____ 13. Find 16% of 200.

_____ 4. What is 35% of 300 ? _____ 14. What is 87% of 420 ?

_____ 5. P 60 is what percent of P 200 ?_____ 15. What number is 125% 960 ?

_____ 6. How much is 30% of 300 ? _____ 16. What percent of 0.05 is 0.03 ?

_____ 7. P 5 is 2% of how much ? _____ 17. 18.4 is 0.5% of what number ?

_____ 8. P 80 is what percent of P 400 ? _____ 18. What percent of 19.8 is 39.6 ?

_____ 9. P 75 is what percent of P 500 ? _____ 19. 21.52 is 107.6% of what number ?

_____ 10. What percent of 80 is 200 ? _____ 20. 444 is 22.2% of what number ?

Homework
A. In the blank, identify whether the unknown in each problem is the percentage,
rate or base.
_______________ 1. What is 6% of 58 ?

_______________ 2. What percent of 50 is 75 ?

_______________ 3. 42 is 8% of what number ?

_______________ 4. 230 is 115% of what number ?

_______________ 5. What percent of 2 is 4 ?

_______________ 6. What is 152% of 96 ?

_______________ 7. 18 is 36% of what number ?

_______________ 8. What percent of 10 is 16 ?

_______________ 9. 32 is 45% of what number ?

_______________ 10. What is 0.5% of 18 ?

_______________ 11. What is 10 % of 50 ?

_______________ 12. What percent of 8 is 42 ?

_______________ 13. 60 is 5% of what number ?

_______________ 14. What percent of 95 is 15 ?

_______________ 15. is 200% of what number ?

15
 Lesson No. 2

Finding the Percentage

The percentage P is the result obtained by taking a part of the base.

Below is the formula in finding the base.

P = B X R
Percentage

Base

Rate

Example:
Of the 32 pets that were brought to class, 37.5% were birds.
How many birds were brought to class ?

The problem above is an example of a percent problem. The terms commonly

used in a percent problem are rate or rate percent, base and percentage.
To solve the problem, we have 37.5% as the rate and 32 as the base; so the
unknown is the percentage.

P = B X R
= 32 X 0.375
= 12.000

Thus, 12 birds were brought to class.

Try these:
Try to solve for the percentage.

1) What is 80% of 160 ?

2) What is 35% of 350 ?

Practice

Complete the table by finding the percentage.

Base Rate Percentage

1) 800 25%
2) 500 30%
3) 150 15%
4) 300 20%
16
 5) 450 40%
6) 600 80%
7) 25 000 75%
8) 60 000 95%
9) 55 000 10%
10)125 000 35%

More Practice

Solve the following percentage problems.

1) Forty-six percent of people surveyed said that they exercised on a fairly regular
basis. If 12 100 people were surveyed, how many of them exercise ?

2) The price of gasoline decreased by 18% . If a liter of gasoline sold P 21.15

before the decrease, what was the amount of the decrease ?

3) In a certain city, about 25% of the people are between the ages of 20 and 40
years. If the city population is 1 430 000, how many people are between those
ages ?

4) The Jimenez family planned to save at least 7.5% of their monthly income of
P 12 500. How much did they plan to save ?

5) Marvin, a basketball player, usually scores 80% of his field shots. If he

attempted 40 field shots during a game, how many did he score ?

Homework
For each problem, write an equation using the percentage formula then solve it.

1. Mario has a collection of 450 compact discs. He bought 64% of them and the rest
were gifts from family and friends. How many discs did he buy ?

17
2. Justin has a stamp collection of 5 200 stamps from all over the world. If 15% of
his stamps are from the United States, how many U.S. stamps does he have ?

3. Eighty five percent of the grade seven class plans to enroll in the same school.
If there are 340 students going to high school, how many plan to enroll in the
same school ?

4. Cristines grade in English increased by 16% . If her last grade is 82, by how
many is her increase ?

5. Tonys salary increased by 30% . If his last salary is P 12 500, by how much is
his increase ?

18
 Lesson No. 3

Finding the base

The base ( B ) is the whole quantity by which some percent is to be found.
The formula in finding the base is :

P
B = R
percentage
rate
base

Example:
Mother bought a dress for herself. She paid 90%
only of the amount of the dress for it is discounted by 10%.
She paid P 270 for the dress. How much is the original price
of the dress ?
The problem above is asking for the base. It can be stated as P 270 is 90% of
what number ?
P P 270
B = R = 0.9= P 300
Try these:
Try to solve for the base of these percentage problems.

1. 30 is twenty-five percent of what number ?

2. 60 is 40% of what number ?

Practice
Compute base to complete the table below.

Base Rate Percentage

1) 10% 20
2) 5% 3.25
3) 50% 750
4) 70% 658
5) 80% 132
6) 12% 252
7) 30% 570
8) 40% 352
9) 80% 60
19
 10) 12% 59.4

More Practice

Solve the following word problems.

1. Roma spent 30% of the money she brought to the mall. If she spent P 450 only,
how much did she have with her when she went to the mall ?

2. If 56 members of a high school faculty are males and they represents 40% of the
faculty, how many faculty members are there ?

3. One hundred sixty-nine people radio listeners indicated that they were satisfied
with the programming of radio station DWRR. If this was 26% of those surveyed,
how many listeners were surveyed ?

4. Junjun spent P 31.50 each day for lunch. If this was 30% of his daily allowance,
how much was his daily allowance ?

5. There are 15 boys in a school basketball team. If only 2% of those who tried out
for the team were accepted, how many tried out ?

Homework
Find the base.

______________ 1) 18 is 25% of what number ?

______________ 2) 60 is 60% of what number ?

______________ 3) 16 is 0.4% of what number ?

______________ 4) 3 is 200% of what number ?

______________ 5) 40 is 5% of what number ?

______________ 6) 1 is 2% of what number ?

______________ 7) 7.2 is 8% of what number ?

______________ 8) 6.3 is 14% of what number ?

______________ 9) 31.5 is 42% of what number ?

______________ 10) 43.2 is 12% of what number ?

20
 Lesson No. 4

Finding the rate

The rate ( R ) is the fractional part in hundredths. The formula in finding
the rate is:

P
R = B
Rate

Base

Percentage

Example:
Mother and Roma spent 6 hours shopping at the Super
Mall. If there are 24 hours a day, what percent of the day did they
spend for shopping ?
The problem above is asking for the rate. It can be stated as ,
what percent of 24 is 16 ?

P 16
R =B = 24 = 25%
Try these:
Try to solve for the rate of these percentage problems.

1) What % of 75 is 150 ?

2) What % of 150 is 600 ?

Practice
Solve the rate to complete the table below.

Base Rate Percentage

1) 990 99
2) 1850 351.5
3) 250 55
4) 730 233.6

21
 5) 540 270
6) 1800 1350
7) 3600 2160
8) 750 675
9) 125 18.75
10)1300 325

More Practice

Solve the following problem.

1) The Red team had 32 free throw attempts during a game and scored 24 points
on these free throws. What percent of their free throws were converted into
scores ?

2) Kate budgeted 10 hours each week for watching television. What percent of
her time did she budget for this activity ?

3) A television set marked at P 15,500 may be sold on installment basis with a

down payment of P 4850. What percent is this of the price ?

4) A study showed that during a week, a teenager watches television for 28 hours.
What percent of a weeks hours is this ?

5) Mother spent P 2300 out of her P 5000 that she brought with her to the mall.
What percent of her money did she spend in the mall ?

6) There are 16 males and 24 females in the steering committee of the

homeowners association. What percent of the committee is female ?

7) A baseball team played 25 games and won 16 of them. What percent of the
games did the team won ?

22
 8) The price of vegetable oil increased from P 20 to P 22.50 a pack. What was the
percent of increase ?

9) Minda sold 28 pairs of shoes out of 50 pairs of shoes. What percent did she
sell ?

10)Tony had a P 1680 salary increase. His usual salary is P 14 000, what is the
percent of increase ?

Homework
Find the rate.

__________________ 1) 18 is what % of 120 ?

__________________ 2) 6.8 is what % of 170 ?

__________________ 3) 700 is what % of 1750 ?

__________________ 4) 13.32 is what % of 666 ?

__________________ 5) 270 is what % of 900 ?

__________________ 6) 41.25 is what % of 275 ?

__________________ 7) 210 is what % of 300 ?

__________________ 8) 380 is what % of 475 ?

__________________ 9) 345 is what % 575 ?

__________________ 10) 500 is what % of 1 000 ?

23
 Lesson No. 5

Finding the rate, base and

percentage

Remember these formulas when solving percentage problems .

Percentage = Base X Rate

Base = Percentage
Rate

Rate = Percentage
Base

This can easily remembered when you think of this triangle:

B R

Another way of solving percent problems is through the use of the proportion:

P R
B = 100
Example: What is 15% of 35 ?
Write an equation using proportion.
N 15
35 = 100

N = 35 X 15 100
N = 525 100
N = 5.25

Check your answer by: 5.25 15

35 = 100

5.25 X 100 = 35 X 15
24
 525 525

Practice

Write an equation using percentage formula or a proportion to solve what is

unknown.

_____ 1. What is 5% of 30 ? _____ 11. What percent of 48 is 12 ?

_____ 2. 10 is 20% of what number ? _____ 12. 24 is what percent of 96 ?

_____ 3. What percent of 52 is 100 ? _____ 13. Find 16% of 200.

_____ 4. What is 35% of 300 ? _____ 14. What is 87% of 420 ?

_____ 5. P 60 is what percent of P 200 ?_____ 15. What number is 125% 960 ?

_____ 6. How much is 30% of 300 ? _____ 16. What percent of 0.05 is 0.03 ?

_____ 7. P 5 is 2% of how much ? _____ 17. 18.4 is 0.5% of what number ?

_____ 8. P 80 is what percent of P 400 ? _____ 18. What percent of 19.8 is 39.6 ?

_____ 9. P 75 is what percent of P 500 ? _____ 19. 21.52 is 107.6% of what number ?

_____ 10. What percent of 80 is 200 ? _____ 20. 444 is 22.2% of what number ?

More Practice

Write an equation using percentage formula or proportion to solve what is unknown.

_______________ 1. What is 6% of 58 ?

_______________ 2. What percent of 50 is 75 ?

_______________ 3. 42 is 8% of what number ?

_______________ 4. 230 is 115% of what number ?

_______________ 5. What percent of 2 is 4 ?

_______________ 6. What is 152% of 96 ?

_______________ 7. 18 is 36% of what number ?

_______________ 8. What percent of 10 is 16 ?

_______________ 9. 32 is 45% of what number ?

_______________ 10. What is 0.5% of 18 ?

_______________ 11. What is 10 % of 50 ?

25
_______________ 12. What percent of 8 is 42 ?

_______________ 13. 60 is 5% of what number ?

_______________ 14. What percent of 95 is 15 ?

_______________ 15. is 200% of what number ?

Homework
Complete the table below.

BASE RATE PERCENTAGE

1) 80 2%
2) 5% 10
3) 110 22
4) 75 3
5) 180 22%
6) 23 18%
7) 25% 18
8) 1 260 100.8
9) 15 23%
10) 12% 28
11) 21 7
12) 66% 460
13) 1 000 0.03%
14) 90 50
15) .75% 90

Solve what is unknown.

1) What is 30% of 60 ? ______________________

2) What % of 600 is 90 ? ______________________
3) What is 25% of 425 ? ______________________
4) 56 is 25% of what number ? ______________________
5) 64 is what % of 400 ? ______________________
6) What is 19% of 200 ? ______________________
7) What % of 335 is 42 ? ______________________
8) What % of 200 is 84 ? ______________________
9) What is 12% of 150 ? ______________________
10) 40 is 5% of what number ? ______________________
11) 9 is what percent of 36 ? ______________________
12) What percent of 120 is 50 ? ______________________
13) 18 is 25% of what number ? ______________________
14) 4 is what percent of 3 ? ______________________
15) What percent of 72.4 is 18.1 ?______________________

26
16) 60 is 60% of what number ? ______________________
17) 34 is what percent of 17 ? ______________________
18) 16 is 0.4% of what number ? ______________________
19) 3 is 200% of what number ? ______________________
20) What percent of 19.8 is 39.6 ?______________________

27
 Lesson No. 6

DISCOUNT

Study the problem about discount:

Romas dress that mother bought was marked P 250 and

was discounted by 25% . How much was mothers discount ?
How much was the net price of the dress ?
Discount means the amount reduced from the original price of an article. In the
problem above 25% is the rate of discount.
To find out how much was mothers discount, we just have to compute for
percentage, where P = B X R.

Percentage = Base X Rate

Discount original rate or % of discount

price

P = B X R
= P 250 X .25
= P 62.50 --- Discount

To know how much was the net price of the dress, we just subtract the discount from
the original price of the dress.

Net Price = Original Price - Discount

= P 250 - P 62.50
= P 187.50 -- amount paid by mother for the dress

Remember the following:

Discount ( D ) - is the amount by which the selling price of an item is reduced

List Price - is the original or selling price of an item

Net Price - is the actual amount to be paid

Remember the pyramid below to know the formula in finding the discount , list price and
rate.

LP R

28
 D = LP X R

LP = Discount
Rate

R = Discount
List Price

Try to solve these problems involving discount .

1) A book marked P 135 is to be discounted by 15%. How much is the discount ? How
much is the new price of the book ?

2) A pair of shoes marked P 450 is to be discounted by 30%. How much would one
save when buying this pair of shoes ? How much is the selling price of the shoes ?

Practice
Complete the table below.

No. List Price Rate Discount Net Price

1 P 1 500 20%
2 P 2 400 15%
3 P 3 500 30%
4 P 5 000 40%
5 P 8 900 60%
6 P 22 800 10%
7 P 19 000 20%
8 P 35 000 40%
9 P 40 000 50%
10 P 28 000 75%
11 35% P 287
12 60% P 588
13 70% P 735
14 10% P 54
15 5% P 33.50
16 P 10 500
17 P 16 000
18 P 20 000
19 P 7 500
20 P 12 000

29
 More Practice

Read and analyze the following problems.

1) A pre-Christmas sale at a certain department store announced a 20% discount on all

purchases. If an item is marked at P 194.50, how much should one pay for it ?

2) A book whose old price was P 75 was sold at P 63. What was the rate of discount ?

3) Mr. Reyes paid P 720 for a rice cooker. If it has already been sold at a 10%
discount, how much was the original price of the rice cooker ?

4) How much should one pay for a basket of groceries marked at P 950 with an 8%
discount ?

5) Miss Novales bought a new book tagged at P 114.50 with a 6% discount. How much
did she pay for the book ?

Homework
Analyze and solve each problem.

1) Lorie paid P 1,750 for a convection roaster. If she was given a discount of 12.5% ,
what was the list price of the roaster ?

2) Beth wanted to buy a rice dispenser with a tag price of P 1,275. If given an 8%
discount, how much would she pay for the dispenser ?

3) A dinner set was sold at P 648. If its original price was P 720, what discount rate
was given to the buyer ?

4) A microwave oven which was tagged at P 7,600 was sold at a 12% discount. How
much was paid for it ?

5) Mr. Vendiola paid P 3,620 for a radio cassette player. If this had already been
discounted by 15%, how much was the original price ?

30
 Lesson No. 7

commission
Problem:
Roma and her mother went home after shopping at the Super Mall.
On their way home, mother say a beautiful frame worth P 1,800. The
vendor was so grateful when mother bought this frame for he will get a 20%
commission for selling this frame. How much is his commission ? How
much is the net proceeds ?
Commission means the amount that one receives for his/her services while net
proceeds refers to the amount of the item after the commission was deducted from the
total selling price of the item.
In the problem above, commission is the percentage while 20% is the rate of the
commission. The selling price is the base.
The first problem is asking for the commission, so we are just looking for the
percentage.

Commission = Selling Price X Rate of commission

= P 1,800 X .2
= P 360

Answer : The vendor gets a commission of P 360

The second question is on the net proceed. To compute this, just subtract the
commission from the selling price of the frame.

Net Proceeds = Selling Price - Commission

= P 1,800 - P 360
= P 1440

Answer: The net proceeds of the frame is P 1,440.

To get the rate of commission divide the commission and the selling price.

Commission
Rate of Commission = Selling Price
To get the sales, selling price of gross proceeds:
Commission
Sales = Rate of commission

31
Try to solve these problems involving commission .

1) A girl gets 18% commission of the total selling price of a magazine. If each magazine
is worth P 40, how much would be her commission for selling 10 magazines a day ?

2) An insurance agent gets a 15% commission for every recruit. He was able to offer an
insurance plan worth P 100 000.00 . How much is the net proceeds of the insurance
plan ?

Practice
Complete the table below.

Gross Proceeds/ Selling Price Rate of Commission Commission

1) P 11,000 25%
2) P 2,300 30%
3) P 5,600 40%
4) P 4,200 45%
5) P15,000 75%
6) P 17,250 60%
7) P 29,000 15%
8) P 35,000 70%
9) P 5,000 8%
10) P 8,800 90%
11) 5% P 45
12) 18% P 216
13) 25% P 1500
14) 30% P 11 400
15) 40% P 16 800
16) 55% P 30 250
17) 20% P 2 100
18) 10% P 1 200
19) 9% P 810
20) 4% P 160
21) P 1,000 P 250
22) P 750 P 112.50
23) P 2,000 P 1,200
24) P 6,000 P 1,800
25) P 25,000 P 1,250
26) P 10,000 P 5,000
27) P 2,000,000 P 40,000
28) P 150,000 P 7,500
29) P 75,000 P 5,250
30) P 15,000 P 3,000

32
 More Practice

Analyze the solve the following problems.

1) A real-estate agent sold a piece of lot for P 450,000. If her commission is 2.5 % ,
how much does she get ?

2) An agent earned a commission of P 4,000 at a rate of 5% for selling a farm. How

much did the small farm cost ?

3) A broker received 8% of a P 25,000 deal she made with a client. If her basic pay was
P 5,700, how much did she earn in all ?

4) A salesperson sells cars at a commission rate of 7%. If he earned P 5,600 for selling
a car, how much did the car cost ?

5) A sales agent sold a property worth P 250,000 with a 1.5% commission. How much
is his commission ?

Homework
Analyze and solve each problem.

1) A salesperson sold a computer unit for P 38,365. If he is entitled to a 12%

commission, how much will he receive ?

2) Mrs. Vargas is a car sales agent who earns P 5,850 monthly plus a 4% commission
on all her sales. During a month, she sold a car worth P 740,000. How much is her
total earnings ?

33
3) A grade seven student was able to solicit P 18,500 worth of advertisements for their
school annual. If he is given a commission of 10%, how much did he earns for the
advertisements ?

4) Mrs. Crisostomo receives a basic pay of P 5,150 and 14% commission on all
appliances she sells. Last month, her take-home pay was P 9,300. How much was
her sales ?

5) Nea took home P 13,180 last month. This included a 6% commission for selling a
secondhand car for P 158,000. What was her basic pay ?

34
 Lesson No. 8

interest

Problem:
Mother and Roma saved in the bank their remaining money.
They saved P 3000 which will get 6% interest every year. How much will
their
P 3000 earn after year ? After 1 year ?

Interest refers to the amount to be paid for the use of money that is either
borrowed or deposited. In the problem above, the amount deposited is the principal and
6% is the rate of interest for this money that is being deposited for a certain time, which
in this care is one year.

Interest = Principal X Rate X Time

= P 3,000 X 0.6 X 1
= P 180

Answer: P 3,000 becomes P 3,180 after 1 year.

Interest = Principal X Rate X Time

= P 3,000 X 0.6 X 0.5
= P 90

Answer: P 3,000 becomes P 3,090 after year.

To get the amount:

Amount = Principal + Interest

To get the rate of interest:

Interest
Rate = Principal

To get the principal:

Interest
Principal = Rate

Try to solve these problems involving interest.

1) Mrs. Balagtas deposited P 15 000 at 8% interest for a year. How much would be her
money in the bank after 1 year ?

2) Mr. Vargas borrowed P 25,000 in the bank at 12% interest per year. How much
should he pay for borrowing they money for 2 years ?

35
 Practice
Complete the table below.

Principal Rate p.a. Time Interest Amount

1) P 25,000 2% 3 yrs
2) P 10,000 22% 6 mos.
3) P 5,000 5% 18 mos.
4) P 3,500 8% 7 yrs.
5) P 54,000 12% 6 mos.
6) P 7,500 1 yr. P 225
7) P 2,000 5 yrs. P 100
8) P 8,000 10 yrs. P 4,800
9) P 500 2 yrs. P 20
10) P 9,500 24 mos. P 3,800
11) 8% 1 yr. P 288
12) 4% 1 yr. P 340
13) 11% 1 yr. P 440
14) 15% 1 yr. P 7,500
15) 30% 1 yr. P 5,700

More Practice

Identify what the problem asks for. If it asks for the principal, write P on the blank, for
the total amount, write A, for the interest , write I; for the time, write T; and for the rate of
interest, write R.

_____ 1) What is the monthly rate of interest on an A loan if B interest is charged per
year ?
_____ 2) A borrower got a loan of C pesos. If the lender charged D interest per year,
how much should the borrower pay at the end of the year ?

_____ 3) How much did Rafael borrow at the rate of E% if he paid F pesos at the end of
G months ?

_____ 4) How long should Joy keep her deposit of H pesos in the bank so that it will
earn an interest of I pesos at the rate of J% ?

_____ 5) Arjays money became K pesos at the end of L months. If the bank paid M%
annually, how much was Arjays money at the start ?

Homework
Analyze and solve each problem.

1) A contractor made a loan of P 7,600,000 for one of his projects. If the financing
company charges 3% interest monthly, what is the total amount that should be paid
after one and a half years ?

36
2) Melanie has P 6,725 in her savings account. If this earns interest at the rate of %
monthly, how much will be in her savings account after six months ?

3) What is the monthly rate of interest on a P 20,000 loan if P 4,800 interest is

charged per year ?

4) How long will it take P 6,000 to yield P 400 in interest at a rate of 8% per annum ?

5) How much would you have to deposit at 12% interest in order to withdraw P 8,190 at
the end of 15 months ?

37
 Lesson No. 9

Sales tax

Problem:
Roma purchased the following in the Grocery :
Powdered Milk P 175.00
Peanut Butter P 82.00
Shampoo P 95.00
Lotion P 205.00
Total P 557.00
If there is a 12% value added tax on the items she bought, how
much is the sales tax ? How much are the products she bought without the
sales tax ?

Sales tax is the tax on the products and services that buyers acquire. To
get the sales tax:

Sales Tax = Amount X Tax Rate

= P 557 X 0.12
= P 66.84

To get the real value of the products she bought without the sales tax :

Value of the Products = Amount - Sales Tax

= P 557.00 - P 66.84
= P 490.16

Practice

Complete the table below.

Amount Tax Rate Sales Tax

1) P 118.25 5%
2) P 212.75 7%
3) P 515.60 12%
4) P 1205.25 10%
5) P 2500.00 4%
6) P 3000.00 3%
7) P 100.00 12%
8) P 50.00 2%
9) P 350.00 10%
10) P 145.00 20%

38
 More Practice

Complete the table below.

Amount Tax Rate Sales Tax
1) P 390.25 5%
2) P 240.75 7%
3) P 174.35 12%
4) P 634.50 10%
5) P 15,000.00 4%
6) P 32,542.65 3%
7) P 950.25 12%
8) P 475.50 2%
9) P 259.35 10%
10) P 40.50 2%

39
 Lesson No. 10

Finding the discount,

commission and interest
Discount, commission and interest are just examples of the applications of the
lesson on percent.

Discount refers to the amount reduced from the original price of an item.

Commission is the amount one received from rendering his/her services.

Interest is the amount paid for the use of money.

Practice

Solve the following problems. Show your solution.

1) Mr. Sandoval receives a commission of 12% for selling cars. He sold a car worth
P 320 000 and another car worth P 480,000. How much would be his commission ?

2) Mrs. Santos got a 13% discount for a dining set that she bought. If the dining set was
marked P 8,500, how much did she save from that discount ?

3) Mrs. Delos Reyes has to pay the bank 12% interest of her loan worth P 25,000
every year. How much should she pay the bank if she intends to pay her loan and the
interest after 3 years ?

4) Mr. Lazo saved P 50,000 in the bank. He would get 8% interest of his money every
year. How much would be his total money in the bank after 5 years ?

5) Rose sold jewelry worth P 48,000. She would get a 14% commission for selling this
jewelry . How much would be her commission ?

40
6) Menchu sells TVs on commission at 12% of net sales. If his net sales are P 113,000,
what is her commission ?

7) A microwave oven has a marked price of P 5,190 and a discount of P 1,137.50.

Determine the rate of discount ?

8) Determine the interest on P 56,000 at 8 % for one year.

9) Nelly works as a cashier in a hardware store. She receives P 1,250 per week plus a
12% of net sales. If her net sales for the week are P 8,650, what is her total salary ?

10) Marissa purchased a sweater for P 189.50 , a blouse for P 199.50, a pair of shoes
for P 339.50 and a skirt for P 299.50. If the sales tax rate was 5 % what was the total
amount of her purchases including taxes ?

More Practice

Complete the table.

Marked Price Rate of Discount Discount

1) P 1,200 5%
2) P 1,450 7%
3) P 1,725 9%
4) P 1,800 10%
5) P 2,750 12%

Principal Rate Time Interest

1) P 1,200 8% 6 mos.
2) P 1,450 12% 1 yr.
3) P 1,725 15% 1 yr.
4) P 7,190 17% 2 yrs.
5) P 2,750 20% 3 yrs.

Sales Rate of Commission Commission

1) P 2,450 5%
2) P 3,120 P 218.40
3) P 5,280 8%
4) P 7,190 P 790.90
5) P 10,480 15%

41
 Chapter 13

Simple Probability
and Integers

Integers

Lesson No. 1 Visualizing Integers in the Number Line

Lesson No. 2 Comparing Integers

Lesson No. 3 Ordering Integers

Probability

Lesson No. 4 Make Simple Prediction

Lesson No. 5 Tell the Number of Favorable

Outcomes/Chances

42
Lesson No. 1
Visualizing Integers in the Number Line

A set of integers consists of zero, the positive numbers ( + ) and the negative
numbers ( - ).
A set of integers is called :

A set of signed numbers

A set of directed numbers

A set with infinite positive and negative numbers

Number Line

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Positive integers need not to carry the positive ( + ) sign. They can be written as
whole numbers.
The points on the number line are equidistant meaning the distance between two
consecutive points is equal to the distance between the next two points. Both ends of
the number line have arrows to mean that the number in both directions can be
extended. Hence, a set of integers is a set with infinite positive and negative numbers.

Practice
Draw a number line and do the following to the given points.

1) encircle -2

2) box -5

3) enclose 4 with a triangle

4) enclose -7 with a diamond

5) put a star above zero

43
 More Practice
Draw a number line with 10 opposite numbers.

Using the number line , name the following points.

_____ 1) 3 points to the right of 1

_____ 2) 5 points to the left of 2

_____ 3) 8 points to the right of -5

_____ 4) 10 points to the right of -3

_____ 5) 12 points to the left of 8

_____ 6) 4 points to the left of 0

_____ 7) 13 points to the right of -10

_____ 8) 11 points to the right of -7

_____ 9) 12 points to the right of -7

_____ 10) 15 points to the right of -9

_____ 11) 6 points to the right of -1

_____ 12) 9 points to the left of 9

_____ 13) 7 points to the right of -2

_____ 14) 10 points to the left of 10

_____ 15) 8 points of the left of 2

_____ 16) 5 points to the right of -5

_____ 17) 17 points to the left of 7

_____ 18) 15 points to the right of -10

_____ 19) 9 points to the left of -1

_____ 20) 20 points to the right of -10

44
 Homework
Transform the following phrases into signed numbers.

1) 5 floors up and 3 floors below the ground

2) 10 losses and 5 wins

3) 10 km eastward and 4 km westward

4) 19C above zero and 4C below zero

5) increased by P 1000 and discounted by P 460

6) 851 meters below sea level and 1153 meters above sea level

7) a savings of P 8042 and a loan of P 4280

8) 24 km northward and 42 km southward

9) a deposit of P 5000 and a withdrawal of P 500

10) a decrease of 54 and an increase of 45

45
Lesson No. 2
Comparing Integers

Number Line

In this direction, the value is decreasing

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

In this direction, the value is increasing

Remember the following:

All positive integers and greater than zero

All negative integers are less than zero

Zero is neither positive nor negative

Practice
Write the appropriate relation symbol : > or < in the blank.

1) -11 _____ -8 11) 14 _____ -14

2) 13 _____ 8 12) -26 _____ 26

3) -29 _____ -4 13) -61 _____ 2

4) 37 _____ 6 14) 11 _____ -3

5) 9 _____ -10 15) 29 _____ -39

6) -42 _____ 52 16) 0 _____ -17

7) 0 _____ -7 17) -28 _____ -53

8) 64 _____ 0 18) 0 _____ 6

9) -9 _____ 0 19) 15 _____ -25

10) 0 _____ 12 20) -72 _____ 27

46
 More Practice
Write the appropriate relation symbol : > or < in the blank.

1) -2 _____ -3 11) 18 _____ -18

2) 0 _____ -5 12) -51 _____ 0

3) -11 _____ -6 13) -4 _____ -14

4) 5 _____ 2 14) 10 _____ 20

5) -10 _____ 0 15) 9 _____ 7

6) 9 _____ -9 16) -8 _____ 0

7) 4 _____ -4 17) -11 _____ -12

8) 0 _____ -1 18) -10 _____ -5

9) -20 _____ -10 19) 5 _____ 0

10) 9 _____ 10 20) -1 _____ -4

Homework
Write the appropriate relation symbol : > or < in the blank.

1) -2 _____ 0 6) 11 _____ 0

2) -9 _____ 8 7) -4 _____ 5

3) -2 _____ -20 8) 9 _____ -6

4) 0 _____ 1 9) 10 _____ -10

5) 0 _____ -10 10) -19 _____ 21

47
Lesson No. 3
Ordering Integers
When ordering integers, remember the following:

All positive numbers are greater than zero and negative numbers

Zero is greater than all negative numbers

On the number line, the number located to the right of another number has
the greater value.

A. Try to arrange these integers from least to greatest.

1) 2 , -1 , 0 , 5

2) 8 , -8 , 9 , 4

3) 7 , -15 , 2 , -8

B. Try to arrange these integers from greatest to least.

1) 12 , -12 , 0 , 5

2) -7 , 12 , 6 , -3

3) -9 , -12 , 17 , 20

Check your answers:

A. 1) -1 , 0 , 2 , 5 B. 1) 12 , 5 , 0 , -12
2) -8 , 4 , 8 , 9 2) -7 , -3 , 6 , 12
3) -15 , -8 , 2 , 7 3) -12 , -9 , 17 , 20

Practice
Arrange the set of integers according to the order indicated.

A. Increasing Order

1) 6 -6 0 9 -10 ________________________________________

2) 7 -12 -3 0 18 ________________________________________

3) -15 11 -16 -1 8 ________________________________________

4) 18 -20 -30 17 20 ________________________________________

5) -19 21 23 -25 2 ________________________________________

B. Decreasing Order

1) 28 6 -4 -13 12 _________________________________________

2) -30 17 -17 0 30 _________________________________________

48
3) -39 19 29 -19 13 _________________________________________

4) -2 28 35 40 -40 _________________________________________

5) 17 18 -18 -39 12 _________________________________________

More Practice
Arrange the set of integers according to the order indicated.

A. Increasing Order

1) -12 13 15 -14 -8 _________________________________________

2) 24 -25 16 -15 11 _________________________________________

3) -36 43 -63 34 36 _________________________________________

4) 38 -13 -18 18 -32 _________________________________________

5) -19 15 -24 8 -5 _________________________________________

B. Decreasing Order

1) 41 -12 24 -41 -24 _________________________________________

2) 51 15 -51 -15 35 _________________________________________

3) -16 26 36 -62 -61 _________________________________________

4) -11 22 11 -33 -23 _________________________________________

5) 101 -202 -102 201 -12 ____________________________________

Homework
Answer the following questions.

1. Who among these kids finishes first, second, third, fourth and last in a running
competition ?
_____ a) James is 20 meters behind Allan
_____ b) Bob is 10 meters ahead of James
_____ c) Rey is 40 meters ahead of Bob
_____ d) Jun is 20 meters behind Rey.

2. Who scored higher in a test, Sharon who is 20 points below the passing mark or
Hilda who is 30 points below the passing mark ?

_______________________________________

3. My stock opened at 35 points. During the next 2 hours, the stock gained 1 point. It
gained another 2 points during the next 3 hours and then lost 5 points during the
balance of the trading day. What was the closing price of my stock that day ?

_______________________________________
49
4. A helicopter is hovering directly above a submarine. If the helicopter is 335 meters
above the waters level and the submarine is 82 meters below the waters level, what
is the distance between the two ?

_____________________________________

5. Aurora weighed 135 lb when she started to record her weight changes for the next 6
months. If the changes were gained 3, lost 4, lost 2 , gained 5 , lost 1 and gained 3,
did she gain or lose weight ? by how much ?

_____________________________________

50
Lesson No. 4
Make Simple Predictions

Probability is the chance that an event will occur. The probability of an event to happen
ranges from 0 to 1. It is stated as a ratio or a fraction

RATIO

Number of ways a particular event can occur : Total number of possible events

FRACTION

Number of ways a particular event can occur

Total number of possible events

Lets do a simple experiment on making predictions.

1. If a coin is tossed once, what is the probability that a head would come out ? There
are only two possible events to happen, either a head or a tail will come out ? Try
tossing a coin. What came out ? ________________

In this experiment, there is a possibility that you will get different results.
But one thing is certain, the change that a head will come out is 1 : 2 or . That is
also the chance that a tail will come out.

1: 2 number of ways a particular event can occur

Ex. There is only one head in a coin

Total number of possible events

Ex. If you toss a coin, there are two possible
events, its either a head or a tail will come out.

51
 Practice
Conduct the experiments below and state the probability that the given event will come
true.

1. Try tossing a coin 10 times. What is the chance or probability that a head will come
out ? Write your observations on the table below.

Number of Tally of Results

Toss Head Tail
1st toss
2nd toss
3rd toss
4th toss
5th toss
6th toss
7th toss
8th toss
9th toss
10th toss

What is the probability that a head will come out after 10 tosses.

Ratio: ___________________ Fraction: ____________________

2. There are 2 coins , what are the combinations that will come out if you toss it ?

1st coin
2
nd
coin Head Tail
Head
Tail
If you toss the two coins , what is the probability that the following
combinations will come out ? State your answer in ratio and fraction.
Combinations:
1) HH ____________________________________
2) HT ____________________________________
3) TH ____________________________________
4) TT ____________________________________

3. There are 3 coins, what are the combinations that will come out f you toss it ?

2 coins
1 coin HH HT TH TT
H
T
If you toss the three coins, what is the probability that the following combinations will
come out ? State your answer in ratio and fraction.

Combinations:
1) HHH ____________________________________

2) HHT ____________________________________
3) HTH ____________________________________
52
 4) HTT ____________________________________

5) THH ____________________________________

6) THT ____________________________________

7) TTH ____________________________________

8) TTT ____________________________________

More Practice
Do the following and answer the questions that follow.

1) Experiment of a dice. Flip or toss a dice once, what is the probability that the
numbers below will come out ?
1 __________________________________

2 ___________________________________

3 ___________________________________

4 ___________________________________

5 ___________________________________

6 ___________________________________

Homework
Predict the chances of the following events to happen. Answer with YES, NO or
MAYBE, then explain your answer.

1. There will be classes on Monday.

____________________________________________________________

2. The sun will shine tonight.

____________________________________________________________

3. The moon will have its own light next year.

____________________________________________________________

4. Tomorrow will be another day.

____________________________________________________________

5. The dog will speak your language.

____________________________________________________________

53
Lesson No. 5
Tell the Number of Favorable Outcomes/Chances
Probability is the chance that an event will occur. The probability of an event to happen
ranges from 0 to 1. It is stated as a ratio or a fraction

RATIO

Number of ways a particular event can occur : Total number of possible events

FRACTION

Number of ways a particular event can occur

Total number of possible events

Practice
Tell the probability that the given event will occur.

1) You have two die. Complete the table and answer the questions that follow.

Die 1 2 3 4 5 6
1
2
3
4
5
6

a) What is the probability that a sum of 2 will come out ? ___________________

b) What is the probability that a sum of 3 will come out ? ___________________

c) What is the probability that a sum of 4 will come out ? ___________________

d) What is the probability that a sum of 5 will come out ? ___________________

e) What is the probability that a sum of 6 will come out ? ___________________

f) What is the probability that a sum of 7will come out ? ___________________

g) What is the probability that a sum of 8 will come out ? ___________________

h) What is the probability that a sum of 9 will come out ? __________________

i) What is the probability that a sum of 10 will come out ? __________________

54
j) What is the probability that a sum of 11 will come out ? __________________

k) What is the probability that a sum of 12 will come out ? __________________

l) Which sum has the highest probability ? ________________________

m) Which sum has the least probability ? ________________________

More Practice
Give the probability.

1) There are 10 silver marbles and 15 gold marbles inside a box. What is the probability
that a silver marble will be drawn from the box ? gold marbles ?

_______________________________________________________

2) What is the probability that color green will come out if you spin the color wheel ?

_______________________

3) There are 32 apples and 18 oranges inside the basket. What is the probability that an
apple will be drawn from the basket ? an orange ?

______________________________________________________

4) There are 15 white socks and 14 black socks inside the drawer. What is the
probability that you will get a black socks inside the drawer ? a white socks ?

______________________________________________________

5) Toss a cube with the letters A, B , C , D , E and F on each face. What is the
probability that letter A will come out ?

______________________________________________________

Homework
Complete the table by writing the probability that the given event will come out.

1) There is a jar filled with small balls with different colors. Complete the table.

Number and Color of Balls

inside the Jar Probability
12 white balls
8 gold balls
24 red balls
13 green balls
32 yellow balls
17 blue balls
5 silver balls

55