Propulsion Systems Performance and Design 2016-2017

Problem sheet - Parametric Cycle Analysis

1. Determine the expression of the specific thrust and of the thrust specific fuel consumption of an ideal two-
spools non-afterburning turbofan with unmixed streams. Consider constant gas properties throughout
the engine. Include the possibility of bleeding from the last stage of the high-pressure compressor towards
external users.
2. Simplify the expressions obtained in class for the mixed afterburning turbofan to obtain the performances
(specific thrust, thrust specific fuel consumption, efficiencies) of an afterburning single spool turbojet with
bleeds and cooling of the first turbine stage.

3. Simplify the expressions obtained in class for the mixed afterburning turbofan to obtain the performances
(specific thrust, thrust specific fuel consumption, efficiencies) of a non-afterburning mixed flow two-spools
turbofan with bleeds and with cooling only of the high pressure turbine stator.
4. Perform a Parametric Cycle Analysis of a single-spool uncooled turbojet without bleeds. The parametric
study has to be carried out for 5 c 25 and 1100K Tt4 1400K. The flight conditions are
fixed at M0 = 0.8, h = 10000m. Consider the following pressure ratios for diffuser, burner and nozzle:
dmax = 0.98, b = 0.94, n = 0.97. The polytropic efficiency of the compressor and of the turbine are
respectively ec = 0.88, et = 0.89. The combustion efficiency is b = 0.99 and the mechanical efficiency of
the shaft is m = 0.995. The fuel heating value is hP R = 4.3 107 J/Kg. Assume that the nozzle is always
matched. Assume 0 = 1.4, R0 = 287J/KgK, cp0 = 1004J/KgK.

(a) Calculate F/m 0 , S, p , th , ov for the case c = 15, Tt4 = 1400K considering constant gas properties
throughout the engine.
(b) Calculate F/m
0 , S, p , th , ov for the case c = 15, Tt4 = 1400K considering gas properties changing
due to combustion. Use the polynomial approximations presented in class.
0 S, p c , th c , ov c for the ranges
(c) Plot curves of iso-c and iso-Tt4 in the planes F/m
indicated above of c and Tt4 .

5. Perform a Parametric Cycle Analysis of a two-spools uncooled turbofan without bleeds and with unmixed
streams, i.e. the core and the bypass stream are ejected from a primary and a secondary nozzle, respec-
tively. The parametric study has to be carried out for 2 cH 15 and bypass ratio 0 6. The
flight conditions are fixed at M0 = 0.8, h = 10000m. The low-pressure compressor and the fan provide
a stagnation pressure ratio of cL = f = 2. Consider the following pressure ratios for diffuser, burner
and primary/secondary nozzles: dmax = 0.98, b = 0.94, np = ns = 0.97. The polytropic efficiency of
the compressors/fan and of the turbines are respectively ecL = ecH = ef = 0.88, etL = etH = 0.89. The
combustion efficiency is b = 0.99 and the mechanical efficiency of the two shafts is mL = mH = 0.995.
The fuel heating value is hP R = 4.3 107 J/Kg. Assume that both primary and secondary nozzles are
always matched. Assume gas properties changing only due to the combustion, with 0 = 1.4, R0 =
287J/KgK, cp0 = 1004J/KgK.

(a) Write down the expressions of F/m

0 , S, p , th , ov for the unmixed two-spool turbofan.
(b) Calculate F/m
0 , S, p , th , ov for the case cH = 10, = 6.
0 S, p ov , th ov ,
(c) Plot curves of iso-ov (with ov = cL cH ) and iso- in the planes F/m
ov ov for the ranges indicated above of cH and .

1 Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering Dept.