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SECURITIES
TRUE/FALSE
1. A cash or spot contract is an agreement for the immediate delivery of an asset such as the purchase of
stock on the NYSE.
ANS: T PTS: 1
2. Forward and future contracts, as well as options, are types of derivative securities.
ANS: T PTS: 1
3. All features of a forward contract are standardized, except for price and number of contracts.
ANS: F PTS: 1
4. Forward contracts are traded over-the-counter and are generally not standardized.
ANS: T PTS: 1
5. The forward market has low liquidity relative to the futures market.
ANS: T PTS: 1
6. A futures contract is an agreement between a trader and the clearinghouse of the exchange for delivery
of an asset in the future.
ANS: F PTS: 1
ANS: T PTS: 1
8. The futures market is a dealer market where all the details of the transactions are negotiated.
ANS: F PTS: 1
9. Futures contracts are slower to absorb new information than forward contracts.
ANS: F PTS: 1
10. The initial value of a future contract is the price agreed upon in the contract.
ANS: F PTS: 1
11. A futures contract eliminates uncertainty about the future spot price that an individual can expect to
pay for an asset at the time of delivery.
ANS: T PTS: 1
12. Investment costs are generally higher in the derivative markets than in the corresponding cash markets.
ANS: F PTS: 1
13. An option buyer must exercise the option on or before the expiration date.
ANS: F PTS: 1
ANS: T PTS: 1
15. An option to sell an asset is referred to as a call, whereas an option to buy an asset is called a put.
ANS: F PTS: 1
16. If an investor wants to acquire the right to buy or sell an asset, but not the obligation to do it, the best
instrument is an option rather than a futures contract.
ANS: T PTS: 1
17. Investors buy call options because they expect the price of the underlying stock to increase before the
expiration of the option.
ANS: T PTS: 1
18. A call option is in the money if the current market price is above the strike price.
ANS: T PTS: 1
19. A put option is in the money if the current market price is above the strike price.
ANS: F PTS: 1
20. The price at which the stock can be acquired or sold is the exercise price.
ANS: T PTS: 1
21. The minimum amount that must be maintained in an account is called the maintenance margin.
ANS: T PTS: 1
22. A forward contract gives its holder the option to conduct a transaction involving another security or
commodity.
ANS: F PTS: 1
23. In the forward market both parties are required to post collateral or margin.
ANS: F PTS: 1
24. The option premium is the price the call buyer will pay to the option seller if the option is exercised.
ANS: F PTS: 1
25. The payoffs to both long and short position in the forward contact are symmetric around the contract
price.
ANS: T PTS: 1
26. Forward contracts are much easier to unwind than futures contracts due to the standardization of the
contracts.
ANS: F PTS: 1
ANS: T PTS: 1
28. The payoffs diagrams to both long and short positions in a forward contract are asymmetrical around
the contract price.
ANS: F PTS: 1
MULTIPLE CHOICE
3. There are a number of differences between forward and futures contracts. Which of the following
statements is false?
a. Futures have less liquidity risk than forward contracts.
b. Futures have less credit risk than forward contracts.
c. Futures have more default risk than forward contracts.
d. In futures, the exchange becomes the counterparty to all transactions.
e. None of the above (that is, all statements are true)
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
5. The price at which a futures contract is set at the end of the day is the
a. Stock price.
b. Strike price.
c. Maintenance price.
d. Settlement price.
e. Parity price.
ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
7. The CBOE brought numerous innovations to the option market, which of the following is not such an
innovation?
a. Creation of a central marketplace
b. Creation of a non-liquid secondary option market
c. Introduction of a Clearing Corporation
d. Standardization of all expiration dates
e. Standardization of all exercise prices
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
8. Which of the following factors is not considered in the valuation of call and put options?
a. Current stock price
b. Exercise price
c. Market interest rate
d. Volatility of underlying stock price
e. none of the above (that is, all are factors which should be considered in the valuation of
call and put options)
ANS: E PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
10. The value of a call option just prior to expiration is (where V is the underlying asset's market price and
X is the option's exercise price)
a. Max [0, V X]
b. Max [0, X V]
c. Min [0, V X]
d. Min [0, X V]
e. Max [0, V > X]
ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
11. Which of the following is not a factor needed to calculate the value of an American call option?
a. The price of the underlying stock.
b. The exercise price.
c. The price of an equivalent put option.
d. The volatility of the underlying stock.
e. The interest rate.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
12. In the valuation of an option contract, the following statements apply except
a. The value of an option increases with its maturity.
b. There is a negative relationship between the market interest rate and the value of a call
option.
c. The value of a call option is negatively related to its exercise price.
d. The value of a call option is positively related to the volatility of the underlying asset.
e. The value of a call option is positively related to the price of the underlying stock.
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
13. You own a stock that has risen from $10 per share to $32 per share. You wish to delay taking the profit
but you are troubled about the short run behavior of the stock market. An effective action on your part
would be to
a. Buy a put option on the stock.
b. Write a call option on the stock.
c. Purchase an index option.
d. Utilize a bearish spread.
e. Utilize a bullish spread.
ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
14. A vertical spread involves buying and selling call options in the same stock with
a. The same time period and exercise price.
b. The same time period but different exercise price.
c. A different time period but same exercise price.
d. A different time period and different price.
e. Quotes in different options markets.
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
18. A call option in which the stock price is higher than the exercise price is said to be
a. At-the-money.
b. In-the-money.
c. Before-the-money.
d. Out-of-the-money.
e. Above-the-money.
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
19. The price paid for the option contract is referred to as the
a. Forward price.
b. Exercise price.
c. Striking price.
d. Option premium.
e. Call price.
ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
20. A stock currently sells for $75 per share. A call option on the stock with an exercise price $70 currently
sells for $5.50. The call option is
a. At-the-money.
b. In-the-money.
c. Out-of-the-money.
d. At breakeven.
e. None of the above.
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
21. A stock currently sells for $150 per share. A call option on the stock with an exercise price $155
currently sells for $2.50. The call option is
a. At-the-money.
b. In-the-money.
c. Out-of-the-money.
d. At breakeven.
e. None of the above.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
22. A stock currently sells for $75 per share. A put option on the stock with an exercise price $70 currently
sells for $0.50. The put option is
a. At-the-money.
b. In-the-money.
c. Out-of-the-money.
d. At breakeven.
e. None of the above.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
23. A stock currently sells for $15 per share. A put option on the stock with an exercise price $15 currently
sells for $1.50. The put option is
a. At-the-money.
b. In-the-money.
c. Out-of-the-money.
d. At breakeven.
e. None of the above.
ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
24. A stock currently sells for $15 per share. A put option on the stock with an exercise price $20 currently
sells for $6.50. The put option is
a. At-the-money.
b. In-the-money.
c. Out-of-the-money.
d. At breakeven.
e. None of the above.
ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
25. An equity portfolio manager can neutralize the risk of falling stock prices by entering into a hedge
position where the payoffs are
a. Not correlated with the existing exposure.
b. Positively correlated with the existing exposure.
c. Negatively correlated with the existing exposure.
d. Any of the above.
e. None of the above.
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
31. Futures contracts are similar to forward contracts in that they both
a. Have volatile price movements and strong interest from buyers and sellers.
b. Give the holder the option to make a transaction in the future.
c. Have similar liquidity.
d. Have similar credit risk.
e. None of the above.
ANS: A PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
35. Holding a put option and the underlying security at the same time is an example of
a. Collar
b. Straddle
c. Income generation
d. Portfolio insurance
e. None of the above
ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
39. An expiration date payoff and profit diagram for forward positions illustrates
a. Gains and losses are usually small
b. The payoffs to both long and short positions in the forward contract are asymmetrical
around the contract price
c. Forward contracts are zero-sum games
d. Long positions benefit from falling prices
e. None of the above
ANS: C PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice
40. A one year call option has a strike price of 50, expires in 6 months, and has a price of $5.04. If the risk
free rate is 5%, and the current stock price is $50, what should the corresponding put be worth?
a. $3.04
b. $4.64
c. $6.08
d. $3.83
e. $0
ANS: D
p(t) = $5.04 $50+ $50(1 + .05)1/2 = $3.83
41. A one year call option has a strike price of 50, expires in 6 months, and has a price of $4.74. If the risk
free rate is 3%, and the current stock price is $45, what should the corresponding put be worth?
a. $12.74
b. $10.48
c. $5.00
d. $9.00
e. $8.30
ANS: D
p(t) = $4.74 $45+ $50(1 + .03) 1/2 = $9.0
42. A one year call option has a strike price of 60, expires in 6 months, and has a price of $2.5. If the risk
free rate is 7%, and the current stock price is $55, what should the corresponding put be worth?
a. $5.00
b. $4.56
c. $5.50
d. $7.08
e. $7.54
ANS: C
p(t) = $2.5 $55+ $60(1 + .07) 1/2 = $5.50
43. A one year call option has a strike price of 70, expires in 3 months, and has a price of $7.34. If the risk
free rate is 6%, and the current stock price is $62, what should the corresponding put be worth?
a. $5.34
b. $8.00
c. $10.68
d. $14.33
e. $13.33
ANS: D
p(t) = $7.34 $62 + $70(1 + .06) 1/4 = $14.33
Exhibit 20.1
USE THE INFORMATION BELOW FOR THE FOLLOWING PROBLEM(S)
December futures on the S&P 500 stock index trade at 250 times the index value of 1187.70. Your
broker requires an initial margin of 10% percent on futures contracts. The current value of the S&P
500 stock index is 1178.
44. Refer to Exhibit 20.1. How much must you deposit in a margin account if you wish to purchase one
contract?
a. $267,232.5
b. $29,450
c. $29,692.50
d. $30,000
e. $265,050
ANS: C
Margin = 0.10 250 1187.70 = $29,692.50
45. Refer to Exhibit 20.1. Suppose at expiration the futures contract price is 250 times the index value of
1170. Disregarding transaction costs, what is your percentage return?
a. 1.87%
b. 0.68%
c. 14.90%
d. 10.36%
e. None of the above
ANS: C
Purchase December contract
250 1187.7 = $296,925
46. Refer to Exhibit 20.1. Calculate the return on a cash investment in the S&P 500 stock index if the
ending index value is 1170 over the same time period.
a. 1.87%
b. 0.68%
c. 14.90%
d. 10.36%
e. None of the above
ANS: B
Return on cash investment in the index = (1170 1178)/1178 = 0.0068 or 0.68%
Exhibit 20.2
USE THE INFORMATION BELOW FOR THE FOLLOWING PROBLEM(S)
A futures contract on Treasury bond futures with a December expiration date currently trade at 103:06.
The face value of a Treasury bond futures contract is $100,000. Your broker requires an initial margin
of 10%.
47. Refer to Exhibit 20.2. Calculate the current value of one contract.
a. $100,000
b. $103,600.5
c. $103,187.5
d. $102,306.3
e. $104,293.5
ANS: C
Current price is 103 6/32 percent of face value of $100,000
= 1.031875 100,000 = $103,187.50
49. Refer to Exhibit 20.2. If the futures contract is quoted at 105:08 at expiration calculate the percentage
return.
a. 1.99%
b. 19.99%
c. 20.62%
d. 25.37%
e. 13.65%
ANS: B
Purchase December contract
103 6/32 percent of 100,000 = $103,187.50
Sell December contract
105 8/32 percent of $100,000 = $105,250
Exhibit 20.3
USE THE INFORMATION BELOW FOR THE FOLLOWING PROBLEM(S)
On the last day of October, Bruce Springsteen is considering the purchase of 100 shares of Olivia
Corporation common stock selling at $37 1/2 per share and also considering an Olivia option.
Calls Puts
Price December March December March
35 3 3/4 5 1 1/4 2
40 2 1/2 3 1/2 4 1/2 4 3/4
50. Refer to Exhibit 20.3. If Bruce decides to buy a March call option with an exercise price of 35, what is
his dollar gain (loss) if he closes his position when the stock is selling at 43 1/2?
a. $225.00 loss
b. $350.00 loss
c. $225.00 gain
d. $350.00 gain
e. $850.00 gain
ANS: D
43 1/2 35 = 8.5
8.5 5 = 3.5. $3.5/share 100 shares/contract = $350.00
51. Refer to Exhibit 20.3. If Bruce buys a March put option with an exercise price of 40, what is his dollar
gain (loss) if he closes his position when the stock is selling at 43 1/2?
a. $825.00 loss
b. $475.00 loss
c. $350.00 loss
d. $25.00 loss
e. He has a gain
ANS: B
The option is worthless so he loses the $475 he paid for the contract.
Exhibit 20.4
USE THE INFORMATION BELOW FOR THE FOLLOWING PROBLEM(S)
Rick Thompson is considering the following alternatives for investing in Davis Industries which is
now selling for $44 per share:
52. Refer to Exhibit 20.4. Assuming no commissions or taxes what is the annualized percentage gain if the
stock reaches $50 in four months and a call was purchased?
a. 161.54% gain
b. 53.85% gain
c. 161.54% loss
d. 11.11% gain
e. 53.85% loss
ANS: A
[(50 45 3.25) 3.25] 3 = 161.54% gain
53. Refer to Exhibit 20.4. Assuming no commissions or taxes, what is the annualized percentage gain if
the stock is at $30 in four months and the stock was purchased?
a. 9.54% loss
b. 95.45% loss
c. 0.9545% gain
d. 95.45% gain
e. 9.54% gain
ANS: B
[(30 44) 44] 3 = 95.45% loss
54. Tom Gettback buys 100 shares of Johnson Walker stock for $87.00 per share and a 3-month Johnson
Walker put option with an exercise price of $105.00 for $20.00. What is his dollar gain if at expiration
the stock is selling for $80.00 per share?
a. $200 loss
b. $700 loss
c. $200 gain
d. $700 gain
e. None of the above
ANS: A
Profit on put = 105 80 20 = 5
5 100 = $500.00
55. Tom Gettback buys 100 shares of Johnson Walker stock for $87.00 per share and a 3-month Johnson
Walker put option with an exercise price of $105.00 for $20.00. What is Tom's dollar gain/loss if at
expiration the stock is selling for $105.00 per share?
a. $1000 gain
b. $200 loss
c. $1000 loss
d. $200 gain
e. None of the above
ANS: B
Put value = 0, therefore, loss = $2,000.00
Exhibit 20.5
USE THE INFORMATION BELOW FOR THE FOLLOWING PROBLEM(S)
Sarah Kling bought a 6-month Peppy Cola put option with an exercise price of $55 for a premium of
$8.25 when Peppy was selling for $48.00 per share.
56. Refer to Exhibit 20.5. If at expiration Peppy is selling for $42.00, what is Sarah's dollar gain or loss?
a. $420 gain
b. $420 loss
c. $475 loss
d. $475 gain
e. None of the above
ANS: D
[(55 42 8.25) 100] = $475 gain
58. Refer to Exhibit 20.5. If at expiration Peppy is selling for $47.00, what is Sarah's dollar gain or loss?
a. $25 loss
b. $250 loss
c. $25 gain
d. $250 gain
e. None of the above
ANS: A
[(55 47 8.25) 100] = $25 loss
60. A stock currently trades for $25. January call options with a strike price of $30 sell for $6. The
appropriate risk free bond has a price of $30. Calculate the price of the January put option.
a. $11
b. $24
c. $19
d. $30
e. $25
ANS: A
P = 6 + 30 25 = $11
61. A stock currently trades for $115. January call options with a strike price of $100 sell for $16, and
January put options a strike price of $100 sell for $5. Estimate the price of a risk free bond.
a. $120
b. $15
c. $105
d. $116
e. $104
ANS: E
Bond price = 115 + 5 16 = $104
62. Assume that you have purchased a call option with a strike price $60 for $5. At the same time you
purchase a put option on the same stock with a strike price of $60 for $4. If the stock is currently
selling for $75 per share, calculate the dollar return on this option strategy.
a. $10
b. $4
c. $5
d. $6
e. $15
ANS: D
Profit on call = (75 60) 5 = 10
Profit on put = 4
Total = $6
64. Assume that you purchased shares of a stock at a price of $35 per share. At this time you wrote a call
option with a $35 strike and received a call price of $2. The stock currently trades at $70. Calculate the
dollar return on this option strategy.
a. $25
b. $2
c. $2
d. $25
e. $0
ANS: C
Profit on stock = 70 35 = 35
Profit on call = 35 70 + 2 = 23
Total = $2
65. A stock currently trades at $110. June call options on the stock with a strike price of $105 are priced at
$4. Calculate the arbitrage profit that you can earn.
a. $0
b. $1
c. $5
d. $4
e. None of the above
ANS: B
Arbitrage profit = 110 105 4 = $1
66. Datacorp stock currently trades at $50. August call options on the stock with a strike price of $55 are
priced at $5.75. October call options with a strike price of $55 are priced at $6.25. Calculate the value
of the time premium between the August and October options.
a. $0.50
b. $0
c. $0.50
d. $5
e. $5
ANS: C
Time premium = 6.25 5.75 = $0.50
67. A stock currently trades at $110. June put options on the stock with a strike price of $100 are priced at
$5.25. Calculate the dollar return on one put contract.
a. $525
b. $1000
c. $0
d. $1000
e. $525
ANS: A
Dollar return = (100 110 5.25)(100) = $525
68. A stock currently trades at $110. June call options on the stock with a strike price of $120 are priced at
$5.75. Calculate the dollar return on one call contract.
a. $1000
b. $1000
c. $575
d. $575
e. $0
ANS: D
Dollar return = (110 120 5.75)(100) = $575
69. Consider a stock that is currently trading at $65. Calculate the intrinsic value for a put option that has
an exercise price of $55.
a. $10
b. $50
c. $55
d. $10
e. $0
ANS: E
Put = Max[55 65, 0] = $0
70. Consider a stock that is currently trading at $20. Calculate the intrinsic value for a put option that has
an exercise price of $35.
a. $15
b. $55
c. $35
d. $15
e. $0
ANS: A
Put = Max[35 20, 0] = $15
PTS: 1 OBJ: Multiple Choice Problem
71. Consider a stock that is currently trading at $45. Calculate the intrinsic value for a call option that has
an exercise price of $35.
a. $25
b. $35
c. $0
d. $10
e. $10
ANS: E
Call = Max[45 35, 0] = $10
72. Consider a stock that is currently trading at $10. Calculate the intrinsic value for a call option that has
an exercise price of $15.
a. $25
b. $5
c. $0
d. $20
e. $5
ANS: C
Call = Max[10 15, 0] = $0
Exhibit 20.6
USE THE INFORMATION BELOW FOR THE FOLLOWING PROBLEM(S)
The current stock price of ABC Corporation is $53.50. ABC Corporation has the following put and call
option prices that expire 6 months from today. The risk-free rate of return is 5% and the expected
return on the market is 11%.
73. Refer to Exhibit 20.6. What should the price be of a call option that expires 6 month from today with
an exercise price of $55?
a. $1.33
b. $3.08
c. $4.58
d. $6.07
e. $6.33
ANS: B
C = P + S X/(1 + RFR)t = 3.25 + 53.50 $55/(1.05)0.5 = 56.75 53.67 = 3.08
75. Refer to Exhibit 20.6. How could an investor create arbitrage profits?
a. Sell the stock short, write a put, buy a call and invest the proceeds at the risk-free rate.
b. Buy the stock, write a put, buy a call and invest the proceeds at the risk-free rate.
c. Sell the stock short, buy a put, write a call and invest the proceeds at the risk-free rate.
d. Buy the stock, write a put, buy a call and borrow the strike price at the risk-free rate.
e. Sell the stock short, write a put, buy a call and borrow the strike price at the risk-free rate.
ANS: A
The stock price is $53.50 and the synthetic stock price is $53.04. The synthetic stock price is created
by combining a long call, short put, and the present value of the strike price. The synthetic stock and
stock price must converge. So shorting the stock (S) and going long the synthetic stock (C P +
PV(X)) will create an arbitrage profit.
76. A stock currently trades for $63. Call options with a strike price of $62 sell for $4.00 and expire in 6
months. If the risk-free rate is 4% what should the price of a put option with an exercise price of $62
be worth?
a. $0.62
b. $0.98
c. $1.80
d. $3.00
e. $5.80
ANS: C
P = C + X/(1 + RFR)t S = $4 + $62/(1.04)0.5 $63 = $4 + $60.80 $63 = $1.80
77. You own a call option and put option that both have the same exercise price of $50 and their respective
prices are $4 and $3. The stock is currently trading at $60. Calculate the dollar return on this strategy.
a. $1.00
b. $2.00
c. $3.00
d. $4.00
e. $5.00
ANS: C
$60 $50 $7 = $3
The current stock price of Zanco Corporation is $50. Zanco Corporation has the following put and call
option prices with exercise prices at $45 and $50.
78. Refer to Exhibit 20.7. The time premium for the put option with a $45 exercise price is
a. $0.00
b. $1.50
c. $2.75
d. $5.25
e. $6.50
ANS: B
The time premium for the put option with a $45 exercise price is $1.50.
The put option is out of the money so the market price is purely a time premium.
79. Refer to Exhibit 20.7. The intrinsic value for the put option with a $50 exercise price is
a. $0.00
b. $1.50
c. $2.25
d. $3.75
e. $8.75
ANS: A
The intrinsic value for the put option with a $50 exercise price is $0.00.
The put option is out of the money so there is no intrinsic value.
80. Refer to Exhibit 20.7. The intrinsic value for the call option with a $45 exercise price is
a. $0.00
b. $1.50
c. $5.00
d. $5.25
e. $6.75
ANS: C
The intrinsic value for the call option with a $45 exercise price is $5.00.
The call option is in the money so the difference between the current stock price of $50 and the strike
price equals the intrinsic value.
81. Refer to Exhibit 20.7. The time premium for the call option with a $50 exercise price is
a. $0.00
b. $1.50
c. $1.75
d. $4.25
e. $9.25
ANS: D
The time premium for the call option with a $50 exercise price is $4.25.
The call option is out of the money so the market price is purely a time premium.