Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Reference
Summary
Equation
General m(t)
Message
Monotone Am cos m t
Large Carrier Ac cos c t
Carrier
Unity cos c t
1
1 Introduction
Message signal and Carrier Signal in time domain
Am jm t
1 jc t
+ ejc t )
Monotone Am cos m t = (e + ejm t ) Unity Carrier (e
cos c t =
2 2
General
m(t) Larger Carrier Ac cos c t = Ac (ejc t + ejc t )
2
cos (A + B) + cos (A B)
By identity cos A cos B =
2
Am Ac Am Ac { j(c m )t }
{cos (c m ) t + cos (c + m ) t} = e + ej(c m )t + ej(c +m )t + ej(c m )t
2 4
One cosine term has 2 frequency spectral line, so 2 cosine terms have 4 spectral line
Negative frequency is not real, it is only mathematical, so although it has 4 spectra, it actually
has only 2 spectra
2
2 Amplitude Modulation
There are 3 to 4 basic types of AM modulation : Simple AM (DSB-LC) , DSB-SC, SSB, and VSB
Am
= Ac cos c t + Ac m cos m t cos c t where m =
Ac
cos (A + B) + cos (A B)
By cos A cos B =
2
mAc
= Ac cos c t + [cos (c + m ) t + cos (c m ) t]
2
mAc mAc
cos (c + m ) t +
= Ac cos c t + cos (c m ) t
2 2
Simple AM / DSB-LC modulated signal is thus
3
2.2 Simple AM signal in Frequency Domain
1 { ( )} 1 { } 1 { }
= Ac F {cos c t} + F m(t) ejc t + ejc t = Ac F {cos c t} + F m(t)ejc t + F m(t)ejc t
2 2 2
jt 1 j(c )t 1
= Ac cos c te dt + m(t)e dt + m(t)ej(+c )t dt
2 2
F F
As m(t) M (jm ) thus m(t)ejat M (j ja)
Ac ( ) 1 1
= ej(c )t + ej(+c )t dt + M (j jc ) + M (j jc )
2 2 2
Ac 1 1
XAM (j) = ( c ) + M (j jc ) + M (j jc )
2 2 2
4
2.3 Double-Sideband Suppressed-Carrier Modulation DSBSC
{ }
{ } ejc t + ejc t 1
F x(t)DSB-SC = F {m(t) cos c t} = F m(t) = [M (j jc ) + M (j + jc )]
2 2
5
For Simple AM / DSB-LC
Am
Since carrier is suppressed, so Am 0 , and thus m = so modulation index is meaningless
Ac
for DSB-SC signal.
Ac m Ac m
xAM (t) = (Ac + m(t)) cos c t = Ac cos c t + cos (c m ) t + cos (c + m ) t
2 2
Then the RMS value is
Ac Ac m Ac m
xAM,RM S = + +
2 2 2 2 2
A2
Thus the total power , by P = , is
R
A2c A2 m2 A2c m2
PT,AM = + c +
2R 8R 8R
The power used to transmitte information for simple AM is thus :
A2c m2 A2c m2 m2 m2
PInf o + + 2m2 m2
AM = = 2 8R 2 2 8R 2 2 = 4 4 = =
PT Ac Am Am m2 m2 4 + 2m2 2 + m2
+ c + c 1+ +
2R 8R 8R 4 4
When m = 1
1 2
AM = = 66.6%Power Lost
3 3
Therefore, simple AM signal is not power-ecienct.
Ac m Ac m
xDSB (t) = xAM (Without Carrier) = cos (c m ) t + cos (c + m ) t
2 2
Thus, the RMS value is
Ac m Ac m
xDSB,RM S = +
2 2 2 2
Thus, the Total power is
A2c m2 A2c m2
PT,DSB = +
8R 8R
And hence, the power eciency is
PInf o PT
DSB = = = 100% (Ideal)
PT PT
The power eciency of DSB singal is very good, but the tradeo is it require relatively expensive
circuitry in the receiver
For SSB singal, a sideband lter, either high pass or low pass, is concatenated to the receiver circuit.
For Single Sideband Suppressed Carrier of montone message, the wave form is
Ac m
xSSB (t) = cos (c m ) t
2
Thus, the RMS value is
Ac m
xDSB,RM S =
2 2
Thus, the Total power is
A2c m2
PT,SSB =
8R
And hence, the power eciency is
PInf o PT
SSB = = = 100% (Ideal)
PT PT
In summary, for SSB signal,