Hazardous Waste

Management
 Definition of Hazardous Waste

A solid or liquid wastes which because of

its quantity, concentration or physical,
chemical or infectious characteristics,
may:
1. Cause increase in mortality or severe
illness,
2. Pose a substantial potential hazard to
human health or environment, when
improperly treated, stored, transported
or disposed
Definition of Hazardous
Waste
 Characteristics of Hazardous
Waste
Ignitability (flash point >60oC)

Corrosivity (pH <2 or >12.5)

Reactivity (unstable materials or material that cause

violent reaction when in contact with another material)

Toxicity (Leachate Test)

 Nature of Hazardous Waste
Management
Hazardous Waste field is interdisciplinary
Requires professionals with diverse
background working together to solve the
complex issue of hazardous waste
management
Environmental Impact and Risk Assessment
Treatment, Storage and Disposal
Waste Minimization, Recycling and Reduction
Management and Cost
 Past Disposal Practice

Soil Spreading
Pits/Ponds/Lagoons
Sanitary Landfills
Drum Storage Areas
Underground Storage
Tanks
Midnight Dumping
Uncontrolled
Incineration
 Materials Disposed in HWTC
Liquid organic waste
Oily sludge and residue
from petroleum industry
Spent oil and catalysts
Contaminated soil
Liquid heavy metals
Acidic and basic solids
and liquids
Liquid ammonia and
urea
Off-Specification
products
 Description of the HWTF
Liquid Waste
Treatment Facility
Land Farming Facility
Class I Hazardous
Waste Landfill
Class II Regular Waste
Landfill
Solidification and
Stabilization Unit
Incinerator
 Liquid Waste Treatment
Facility
Separate tank farm
storage for acidic and
basic waste as well as
drum storage area
Neutralization reactors
Sludge storage reactor
Standby neutralization
reactors to be used
during maintenance
Activated Carbon Column
 Chemical Oxidation
In general the objective of chemical
oxidation is to detoxify waste by adding
an oxidizing agent to chemically
transform waste components
Chemical oxidation is a well established
technology that is capable of destroying
a wide range of organic molecules,
including chlorinated VOCs, phenols and
inorganics such as cyanide
 Process Description
Chemical Oxidation is based on the
delivery of oxidants to contaminated
media in order to either destroy the
contaminants by converting them to
innocuous compounds commonly found
in nature

The
oxidants applied are typically
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium
permanganate (KMnO2), ozone (O3)
Process Description
 Land Farming Facility
Land farming is the
preferred technology
for the treatment of
oily sludge and
hydrocarbon
contaminated soils,
which constitute the
main component of
hazardous organic
wastes to be treated
at the HWTC
 Land Farming Facility (contd)
Compounds to be treated at the land
Farming Facility:
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs):
benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes;
Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds
(SVOCs): phenols, creosol, naphthalene,
phennathrene, benzo(a)pyrene, flourrene,
anthracene, chrysene; and
Heavy Metals: chromium, cyanides, lead
and nickel
 Aerobic Biodegradation

HYDROCARBON
PRODUCT

ORGANIC
POLLUTANT + MICROORGANISMS + NUTRIENTS + OXYGEN

CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER + BIOMASS

Bio-piles
Soil Composting
 Hazardous Waste Landfill
Class I Landfill should
include:
Double liner
Leachate collection
Leachate detection
system
Surface water
control mechanism
Impermeable cover
system
 Regular Waste Landfill
Class II Landfill
should include:
Single liner
Leachate collection
Surface water
control mechanism
Impermeable cover
system
Regular Waste Landfill
 Solidification and
Stabilization
The solidification
and stabilization
facility (SSF) will be
designed to
inactivate and
immobilize
contaminants prior
to landfilling
 Solidification and
Stabilization
The following waste will be
processed by SSF plant prior
to landfilling:
Mercury contaminated solid
wastes;
Solid miscellaneous
inorganic sulfur;
Semi-solid hazardous waste;
and
Sludge from Liquid
Hazardous Waste Treatment
 Solidification and Stabilization
S/S
reduces the mobility of hazardous
substances and contaminants in the
environment through both physical and
chemical means
S/S seeks to trap or immobilize
contaminants within their host medium
(i.e. soil, sand and binding agent)
Leachability
testing is usually performed
to measure the immobilization of
contaminants from the stabilized matrix
 Solidification and
Stabilization
General binding
and sorbent
materials:
Cement
Pozzolans
Lime
Silicates
Organically
Modified Clays
 High Temperature Thermal
Desorption
HTTD is a technology in which
wastes are heated to 320 to 560 oC
Produce final contaminant
concentration level below 5 mg/kg
 Wetlands
Wetland is define as land having the water table at, near or above the
land surface or which is saturated for long enough period to promote
wetland or aquatic processes as indicated by hydric soils, hydrophilic
vegetation, and various kinds of biological activity which are adapted
to the wet environment.
Treatment Mechanisms in a
Wetland System
 Type of Engineered wetlands
Constructed wetland systems are classified into
two general types:
Horizontal Flow System (HFS)
Surface Flow (SF)
Sub-surface Flow (SSF)
Vertical Flow System (VFS).
Horizontal Flow Wetland System
Surface Flow Wetland System
Subsurface Flow Wetland System