Drylie-Hinz 1

Drylie-Hinz

9C GAT

27, May, 2014

Tower Project

Part 1: Introduction

Boom!...Boom!...Boom!...Crash!

Meredith: Oh no! It is a dragon! It is tearing up the castle!

Nicole: Where are the people going to live now?

Meredith: There is no other castle in a 50 mile radius.

Nicole: Then another will have to be built.

Meredith: How?

Nicole: Well it would need to be built on a 33 by 33 plot to have room for everyone to live

inside.

Meredith: Yes, and it would need to be built within 3 feet on each side because of the villages

rules.

Nicole: Oh! It should be a decagon also!

Meredith: Why?

Nicole: Well sorry if someone wanted to be creative.

Meredith: Okay fine, it can be a decagon.

Nicole: Yes!

Meredith: Before building this though, the blueprints need to layed out.

Nicole: The volume and surface area should probably be found as well.
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Meredith: Anything else?

Nicole: There should be an aquarium!

Meredith: Yes!

Nicole: Lets get to work.

In this paper let A=Area; let b=base; let h=height; let TSA= total surface area; let LAT

SA=Lateral Surface Area; let V=Volume; and let C=cost

Figure 1. Abbreviations

The figure above shows all of the abbreviations used in this paper.

Part 2: 10 Sided Polygon Maximized on Plot

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Figure 2. Base of Tower

Figure 2. shows the base of the tower. The outer square shows the plot size that is 33 by

33. The inner square shows the length of the side when each side is taken in 3 feet on each side

which is 27. This figure represents how the tower will be when it is maximized on the plo

Figure 3. Decagon 1

The figure above shows decagon 1. This is the biggest of the four decagons.

decagon 1:

height of triangle= 15513797

1208309 ft

base of triangle= 9227465

1105952 ft

area of decagon 1= 206052749

384700 ft
2

Figure 4. Triangle Measurements

The figure above shows the side lengths for all of the triangles in decagon 1.
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360
To find the central angle of decagon 1, use the formula n where n=the number of sides

of the decagon.
360
n

360
10

36

The answer is the central angle. In this project, the central angle is 36 degrees.

Figure 5. Central Angle

The figure above shows how to find the central angle of the decagon.

Figure 6. Triangle of Decagon 1

The figure above shows the triangle in decagon 1 used to find the side length and area of

the decagon.

To find the height of one triangle of the decagon first figure out the diameter of the

decagon. The plot needs to be taken in 3 feet on all sides so subtract 6 from the plot to find the

diameter. In this project, the plot size is 33 x 33 so the diameter is 27 ft. To find the radius,

divide the diameter by 2. In this project, the radius is 13.5 ft. The radius is also a side to one of
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the ten triangles in the decagon. Once the radius is found follow the following steps to find the

height and the base of the triangle.

Use sin(18) to find the base length:

opposite
Sine= hypotenuse

y
sin(18)= 13.5

Solve for y.

Multiply both sides by 13.5.

y
(13.5)sin(18)= 13.5 (13.5)

(13.5)sin(18)=y

y 4.17 ft

Multiply by 2 to find the whole base.

y 8.34 ft

Figure 7. Finding the Base

The figure above shows the formula to find the base of the triangle from Figure 6. Sine,
opposite
hypotenuse , is used to find the base in decagon 1 because the hypotenuse, which is 13.5 ft, is given

from the radius, so the opposite, which is the base, can be found from it.

Use cos(18) to find the height:

adjacent
Cosine= hypotenuse

x
cos(18)= 13.5

Solve for x.

Multiply both sides by 13.5

x
(13.5)cos(18)= 13.5 (13.5)
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(13.5)cos(18)=x

x12.8 ft

Figure 8. Finding the Height

The figure above shows how to find the height of the triangle. The height and the base is
adjacent
needed for finding the area of the triangle. Cosine, hypotenuse , is used to find the height because

the hypotenuse is the radius, which is 13.5 ft, and the adjacent is the the height.

To find the area of the triangle:

A=(b)(h)

A=((13.5)sin(18))((13.5)cos(18))

A=53.5619

Multiply by ten for the number of sides of the decagon.

A=53.5619(10)

A=535.619 ft2

Figure 9. Finding the Area of Decagon 1

The figure above shows how to find the area of decagon 1 by using the triangle from

Figure 6 and knowledge of sine, cosine, and tangent.

Height of triangle 12.84 ft

Base of triangle 8.34 ft

Area of Decagon 1 535.619 ft

Figure 10. Measurements of Triangles of Decagon 1

The figure above shows the height and base of the triangles in decagon 1. It also shows

the area of decagon 1.

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Figure 11. Decagon 2

The above figure shows decagon 2. The height of the triangles that make up decagon 2

are all 1 foot less than those of decagon 1.

The height of decagon 2 is approximately 11.84 ft because every decagons triangles are

one less than the previous decagons. This means that finding the height of the decagon 2 triangle

would just involve subtracting 12.84 ft by 1 ft.

Finding the base of the the triangle of decagon 2 is similar to finding the base of the

triangle in decagon 1, with some slight variations. While in decagon 1, the base can be found by

multiplying the radius, 13.5, by cos (18) which is half of the central angle, then multiply the

answer by 2 to get the full base, in decagon 2, the height of the triangle in decagon 2, which is

approximately 11.84 ft, would have to be multiplied by the tangent of 18 degrees. This is due to
opposite
the properties of tangent, adjacent . The adjacent is given, so find the opposite, or the base.
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decagon 2:

height of triangle= 14305488

1208309 ft

base of triangle= 8082555

1050553 ft

area of decagon 2= 62687291

137643 ft
2

Figure 12. Triangle Measurements

The figure above shows the side lengths for all of the triangles in decagon 2.

Figure 13. Triangle of Decagon 2

The figure above shows the triangles in decagon 2 used to find the side length and area

of the decagon. In the figure above, x 11.84 ft.

opposite
Tangent= adjacent

y
Tan(18)= 11.84

Multiply both sides by 11.84.

y
(11.84)Tan(18)= 11.84 (11.84)

(11.84)Tan(18)=y

y 3.85 ft

Multiply 3.85 by 2 to find the whole base

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y 7.7 ft

Figure 14. Finding the Base of the Triangle

The figure above explains the math to finding the base of the triangle in decagon 2. The

y is multiplied by 2 because the triangle is divided by two when finding the height, so y

would only have been half of the base.

Now to find the area of the entire decagon is quite simple. The area formula of the

triangle would be used, then multiplied by 10 due to the number of sides in a decagon. It is

important to remember to use the exact values when solving for the area. If the approximate

numbers are used, then slowly the entire project would be made less and less exact.

A= bh

A=(13.5(sin(18))(13.5(cos(18)-1)

A 455.43 ft2

Figure 15. Area of Decagon 2

The figure above shows the formula used to find the area of decagon 2. It is important to

note that all numbers shown are approximates, not exactly the numbers used to calculate the

area. The area of decagon 2 is approximately 455.43 ft2.

Height of triangle 11.84 ft

Base of triangle 7.7 ft

Area of Decagon: 455.43 ft

Figure 16. Measurements of Triangles of Decagon 2

The figure above shows the height and base of the triangles in decagon 2. It also shows

the area of decagon 2.

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Figure 17. Decagon 3

The figure above shows decagon 3 of the tower.

Finding the height of the decagon 3 triangle is quite simple. The height of the decagon 3

triangle is the height of the decagon 1 triangle minus 2, because each decagons triangle height is

1 less than the previous decagons. So, the height of decagon 3 triangles are approximately 10.84

ft.

decagon 3-height= 13097179

1208309 ft

base= 8569491
1216604 ft

area= 37889909
99254 ft
2

Figure 18. Triangle Measurements

The figure above shows the side lengths for all of the triangles in decagon 3.
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Figure 19. Triangle of Decagon 3

The figure above shows the triangle in decagon 3 used to find the side length and area of the

decagon.

Finding the length of the base can be found using the same formula used to find the base

for decagon 2.
opposite
Tangent= adjacent

y
Tan(18)= 10.84

Multiply both sides by 10.84.

y
(10.84)Tan(18)= 10.84 (10.84)

(10.84)Tan(18)=y

y 3.52 ft

Multiply 3.52 by 2 to find the whole base

y 7.04 ft

Figure 20. Finding the Base of Triangle

The figure above shows the formula on how to find the base of the triangle in decagon 3.

Finding the area of decagon 3 is the same as finding the area in decagon 2.
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A= (b)(h)

A=((10.84)Tan(18))(10.84)(10)

A 381.7467 ft

Figure 21. Area of Decagon 3

The figure above shows the formula used to find the area of decagon 3. It is important to

note that all numbers shown above are approximates, not the exact numbers used.

Height of triangle 10.84 ft

Base of triangle 7.04 ft

Area 381.7467 ft

Figure 22. Measurements of Triangles of Decagon 3

The figure above shows the height and base of the triangles in decagon 3. It also shows

the area of decagon 3.

Figure 23. Decagon 4

The figure above shows decagon 4 of the tower.

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decagon 4-height= 11888870

1208309

base= 13809486
2159777

area= 80052261
254491

Figure 24. Triangle Measurements

The figure above shows the side lengths for all of the triangles in decagon 4.

Figure 25. Triangle of Decagon 4

The figure above shows the triangle in decagon 4 used to find the side length and area of

the decagon.

To find the height of the triangles in decagon 4, subtract 1 from the height of decagon 3. This

will make the height of decagon 4 approximately 9.84 ft.

To find the base of the triangle, use the following formula:

(13.5(Cos(18))-3)(tan(18))=y

y 2= Entire Base

Figure 26. Triangle Base

The figure above shows how to find the base of one of the triangles in decagon 4.

Height of triangle 9.84 ft

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Base of triangle 6.40 ft

Area: 314.558 ft

Figure 27. Measurements of Triangles of Decagon 4

The figure above shows the height and base of the triangles in decagon 4. It also shows

the area of decagon 4.

Part 3: Volume of the Concrete needed for the Footing, the Plexiglass needed for the Floor, and

the Water needed for the aquarium

In order to build the tower, a footing has to be poured using concrete. The footing

(extending from decagon 1-decagon 4) is 3 ft wide and 3.5 ft deep. The footing has a hollow

center. That is where the aquarium will go. In order to find the volume of the footing, the

formula V=Abase(height of prism)-Volumeaquarium will be used. Since there will be an aquarium in

the footing, the volume of the aquarium will need to be subtracted from the footing volume to

find the actual volume for the footing.

Figure 28. Plexiglass

The figure above shows the plexiglass that is placed on top of the aquarium. It is level

with the footing so that when someone walks into the room, they will not trip over it. The height
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of the plexiglass is 4 in or of a foot. For this reason, when finding the volume and surface area

of it, the volume will be smaller than the surface area because the area of the base will be

multiplied by or divided by 3. The side of the plexiglass is the same as the side length of

decagon 4.

Figure 29. The Footing

The figure above shows all of the the measurements for the footing of the tower. It shows

the side lengths for decagons 1, 2, 3, and 4. It also shows the height of the footing which is 3.5 ft.

B. Volume of the Footing:

V= Abase(h)

A= 12 (b)(h)(10)

Ab=A(Decagon 1)-A(Decagon 4)

Ab= (10(13.5 sin(18))(13.5 cos(18)))-(10(13.5 cos(18)-3)(tan(18))(13.5 cos(18)-3))

Ab= 134626307 80052261

251347 - 254491

Ab= 70171612
317431 or approximately 221.06 ft
2

V= ABase(h)

V= 70171612
317431 (3.5)
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147878309
V= 191128 or 773.71 ft3

Figure 30. Volume of the Footing

The figure above shows the formulas and substitutions in order to find the volume of the

footing.

C. Volume of Floor (Made of Plexiglass):

V=Abase(h)

Abase=(b)(h)(10)

Ab= (10(13.5 cos(18)-3)(tan(18))(13.5 cos(18)-3))

80052261
Ab= 254491

80052261
V= 254491 ()

26684087
V= 254491 or 104. 85 ft3

Figure 31. Volume of the floor.

The figure above shows the formulas and substitutions in order to find the volume of the

floor.

D. Volume of water in the aquarium:

V=Adecagon 4(h of footing)()

80052261
V= 254491 3.5 ()

V= 102079915
123626 or 825.72 ft
3

Figure 32. Volume of Water

The figure above shows the formulas and substitutions to find the volume of the water in

the aquarium if it was filled 75% of the way.

E. Cost analysis of the concrete needed:

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C= Vof footing( 271 )(115)

Concrete Used= 147878309 1

191128 ( 27 ) 29 cubic yards

C=29 115

C= $3335

Figure 33. Cost Analysis of Concrete

The figure above shows the formulas and substitutions in order to find the cost analysis

of the cement used in the footing should the company charge $115 per cubic yard.

F. Cost Analysis of the Floor Needed:

C= Adecagon 4( 321 )(1100)

80052261
Plexiglass needed = 254491 ( 321 ) 10 ft

C= 10 1100

C=$11,000

Figure 34. Cost Analysis of the Floor

The figure above shows the formulas and substitutions in order to find the cost analysis

of the floor if the company installs it for $1100 per 48 x 96 x 4 or 4 x 8 x . The area is

divided by 32 because 4 8 is 32.

Part 4: One Lateral Face of the Outer Base

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Figure 35. Base of Outer Prism

The figure above shows the side length of the outer prism. The side length is

approximately 7.7 ft.

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Figure 36. Door

The figure above shows the lateral face of the outer prism including the door. The door is

5 by 3 with a top that is 1.5. The base is the same as a side of decagon 2. The height is two

times the side of decagon 2.

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Figure 37. Window

The figure above shows the lateral face of the outer prism including a window. The

height of the window is the same as the base of the door.

D. Explanation on dimensions

The dimensions of the face are known because the height is two times the side of decagon

2, so the formula would be (4(13.5(cos(18))-1)(tan(18)). The base is one side of the other prism

which is decagon 2. The formula to find this is (2(13.5(cos(18))(tan(18)).

E. Formulas and Substitutions to Find the Lateral Surface Area of Outer Prism

Area of Face=(b)(h)

H=(4(13.5(cos(18))-1)(tan(18))
14900956
H= 968397 or 15.39 ft

B= Side of decagon 2

B= (2(13.5(cos(18)))-1)(tan(18))
8082555
B= 1050553 or 7.69
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LSA= BH(10)

LSA=( 8082555 14900956

1050553 )( 968397 )(10)

121600042
LSA= 102717 or 1183.84 ft2

Figure 38. Formulas and Substitutions to Find the Lateral Surface Area of Outer Prism

The figure above shows the lateral surface area of the prism without accounting for the

doors and windows.

Adoor= BH

A= 3 5

A= 15

Figure 39. Area of the Door

The figure above shows the formula in order to find the area of the door.

Figure 40. Window Triangles

The figure above shows the triangles used to find the area of the windows.
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y
Sin(18)= 1.5

1.5(sin(18))=y

y= 1970299
4250681 or .46 ft

x
Cos(18)= 1.5

1.5(cos(18))=x
2292740
x= 1607153 or 1.43 ft

x y= Area of Triangle

2292740 1970299
1607153 4250681 = or .66 ft2

Figure 41. Area of Triangles

The figure above shows the area of one of the triangles that makes up a window.

10(xy)= Area of One Window

7437539
10( 11247553 )= 17106841
2587013 or 6.61 ft
2

2(10(xy))= Area of Both Windows

2( 17106841 23054867
2587013 )= 1743257 or 13.23 ft

Area of Windows= 23054867

1743257 or 13.23 ft
2

Figure 42. Area of Both Windows

The figure above shows the formulas and substitutions that make up the area of both the

windows.

LSA= Total Area of Sides of Prism- (Area of Door + Area of Windows)

LSA= 121600042 23054867

102717 -(15+ 1743257 )

306726745
LSA= 265424 or 1155.61 ft2

Figure 43. Lateral Surface Area of Outer Prism

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The figure above shows the formulas and substitutions to find the lateral surface area of

the outer prism.

Part 5: Volume of the Inner Base Prism

Figure 44. Decagon 3

The figure above shows decagon 3. The side length is 7.04 ft.

C. Explanation of Dimensions

The dimensions of the face are found by using the associated decagon (3) side to find the

base (2(13.5(cos(18)-2)(tan(18)) and the height is twice the length of one side of the outer base

which is decagon 2 and can be found using (2(13.5(cos(18))-1).

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Figure 45. Base of Inner Prism

The figure above shows the base of the inner prism. The length of the base is 7.04 ft.

D. Formulas and Substitutions- Volume of Inner Prism

Area of Base=Side Length Height of Triangle 10

Area= 10(13.5(cos(18))-2)(13.5(cos(18))-2)(tan(18))

Area= 10( 13097179 7302079

1208309 )( 2073341 )

956366357351410
Area= 2505236590369 or 381.75 ft2

Figure 46. Area Decagon 3

The figure above shows how to find the area of the base, which is decagon 3, in order to

find the volume of the inner base prism.

Height= Twice the Length of One Side of the Outer Base (decagon 2)

Height= 4((13.5(cos(18)-1)(tan(18))
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15533033
Height= 1009475 or 15.39 ft

Figure 47. Height of Inner Prism

The figure above shows the formulas and substitutions to find the height of the inner

prism.

Volume= Abase(h)

V= ( 956366357351410 15533033
2505236590369 )( 1009475 )

574309894
V= 97771 or 5874.03 ft3

Figure 48. Volume of Inner Base Prism

The figure above shows the volume of the inner base prism.

Part 6: Pyramid Top of the outer Pyramid showing the Height of the Outer Pyramid and the Slant

Height of One Lateral Face of the Outer Pyramid

A. Picture

Figure 49. Pyramid

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The figure above shows the pyramid top that shows the height of the pyramid and the

slant height of one face. The dotted line shows the height of the pyramid. The solid line shows

the slant height of the pyramid.

B. Explanation- Height of Pyramid

The height of the pyramid is three times the length of the base which is a side of decagon

2 which can be found using 6(13.5(cos(18))-1)(tan(18)). The formula is multiplied by 6 because

(13.5(cos(18))-1)(tan(18)) is just half of the side of the decagon so that must be multiplied by 2

then multiplied again by 3 to make up the requirements of the height of the pyramid.

C. Formulas and Substitutions to Find the Slant Height of Lateral Face

Height of Pyramid= 3x Length of decagon 2 Side

H= 6(13.5(cos(18))-1)(tan(18))
16797187
H= 727754 or 23.08 ft

Figure 50. Finding Height of Pyramid

The figure above shows the formula to find the height of the pyramid that makes up the

roof of the tower.

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Figure 51. Base of Right Triangle

The figure above shows the base of the right triangle used to find the slant height of the

pyramid.

Base of right triangle=The height of triangle used to find the area of Decagon 2.

BRT= (13.5(cos(18))-1)
14305488
Brt= 1208309 or 11.84 ft

Figure 51. Finding the Slant Height

The figure above shows how to find the slant height of the pyramid.

a2+b2=c2

a= 16797187
727754

b= 14305488
1208309

c= Slant Height

( 16797187 2 14305488 2
727754 ) + ( 1208309 ) = c
2

c2= 520321760366582968991587393
773259426337895416176196

c=
520321760366582968991587393
773259426337895416176196

35739427
c= 1377762 or 25.94 ft

Figure 53. Pythagorean Theorem

The figure above shows the Pythagorean Theorem which was used to find the slant height

of the pyramid that is used as the roof of the tower.

D. Formulas and Substitutions to Find the Angle Measure Between the Prism Base and the

Pyramid Face Found at the Foot of the Slant Height

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adjacent
cos= hypotenuse

cos-1= angle measure

cos-1((13.5(cos(18))-1)/ 35739427
1377762 )

8094569
= approximately 62.84 or 128803

Part 7: One Lateral Face of the Outer Pyramid

A. Picture of Lateral Face

Figure 54. Lateral Face of Pyramid

The figure above shows a lateral face of the pyramid. It shows the height of the lateral

face (which is the slant height of the pyramid.)

B. Angle Measures of Lateral Face

opposite
Tangent= adjacent

35739427
Opposite= Height= 1377762 or 25.94 ft

8082555
Adjacent= 2101106 or 3.85

35739427
Tan-1( 1377762 /(13.5(cos(18))-1)(tan(18)))

Tan-1( 11177072
1657507 )
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31590448
= 81.56 or 387305

Figure 55. Angle Measures

The figure above shows the angle of the bottom corner of the triangle in Figure 53. Both

of the bottom angles are equal because the triangle is regular.

Triangle=180

Bottom Angle(2)+Top Angle of Triangle=180

31590448
387305 2= 37695001
231074 or 163.13

180- 37695001
231074 = 16.87 or
6534004
387305

Figure 56. Angle Measures

The figure above shows the angle on top of the triangle in Figure 53.

Part C. Area of Lateral Face

A= (b)(h)

A= (13.5(cos(18))-1)(tan(18))( 35739427
1377762 )

22199221
A= 222466 or 99.79 ft2

Figure 57. Area of Lateral Face

The figure above shows the area of one of the lateral faces of the pyramid.

Part D. Lateral Surface Area of the Outer Pyramid

LSA= Atriangle(10)
22199221
LSA= 222466 10

LSA= 110996105
111233 or 997.87 ft
2

Figure 58. Lateral Surface Area

The figure above shows the lateral surface area of the outer pyramid.
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Part 8: Pyramid Top of the Inner Prism Showing the Height of the Inner Pyramid

A. Picture of Pyramid

Figure 59. Pyramid

The figure above shows the pyramid of the tower. It shows the cross section, the height,

and the slant height of the pyramid.

B. Explanation of the Height

The height of the inner pyramid is three times the length of one side of its base, which is

decagon 3, so the formula to find the height would be (6(13.5(cos(18)-2)(tan(18)). It is

multiplied by 6 because the side of the base is multiplied by 2 to get the entire base and then it

needs to be muliplied by 3 to meet the height requirements.

C. Volume of the Inner Pyramid

V= AbH

Hpyramid=3(Side of decagon 3)

H= (6(13.5(cos(18)-2)(tan(18))
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25708473
H= 1216604 or 21.13 ft

Figure 60. Height of Pyramid

The figure above shows the formula to find the height of the pyramid.

Ab=Area of decagon 3

A= (10(13.5(cos(18))-2)(tan(18))(13.5(cos(18))-2))
37889909
A= 99254 or 381.75 ft2

V= ( 37889909 25708473
99254 )( 1216604 )

121558972
V= 45207 or 2688.94 ft3

Figure 61. Volume of Inner Pyramid

The figure above shows the formulas and substitutions to find the volume of the inner

pyramid.
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Part 9: My Tower

A. Drawing of Tower

Figure 62. The Tower

The figure above shows the outer tower including the dotted lines for the sides not seen.

LSA= LSA of Prism + LSA of Pyramid

LSA of the prism was found in Part 4E

306726745
LSAprism= 265424 or 1155.61 ft2

LSA of the pyramid was found in Part 7D

110996105
LSApyramid= 111233 or 997.87 ft2
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LSA= 306726745 110996105

265424 + 111233

276720119
LSA= 128499 or 2153.48 ft2

Figure 63. Lateral Surface Area of Outer Tower

The figure above shows the lateral surface area of the outer prism and the outer pyramid

combined. Refer to Part 4E and Part 7D to find the formulas to find the separate lateral surface

areas.

Volume of Inner Tower= Vinner prism+Vinner pyramid

Volume of the inner prism was found in Part 5D

Vinner prism= 574309894

97771 or 5874.03 ft
3

Volume of the inner pyramid was found in Part 8C

Vinner pyramid= 121558972

45207 or 2688.94 ft
3

V= 574309894 121558972
97771 + 45207

542096097
V= 63307 or 8562.97 ft3

Figure 64. Volume of Inner Tower

The figure above shows the volume of the inner tower which is the volume of the inner

prism and the volume of the inner pyramid combined. For reference, the volume of the inner

prism is found in Part 5D and the volume of the inner pyramid is found in Part 8C.

Part 10: Conclusion

Meredith: Finally! It is done.

Nicole: That was harder than expected.

Meredith: Yes, but it is done now. Hopefully the villagers will like it.

Nicole: What if the dragon comes back?

 Drylie-Hinz 34

Meredith: The knight will slay it of course!

Nicole: Okay good.

Meredith: What were the measurements again?

Nicole: Well, the volume of the inner tower was 8562.97 ft3. What was the lateral surface area

again?

Meredith: Oh, it was 2153.48 ft2.

Nicole: Oh of course. Thanks. Now the people of the village can live happily.

Meredith: It is unbelievable that the tower is done!

Nicole: Yes it took a lot of time management and hard work but it is done.

Meredith: Oh no...the dragon is back!