GROUP 2 Experiment No.

2 : Chemical Equilibrium in a Liquid Phase

VII. TABULATED DATA AND RESULTS

TEST TUBE COMPONENT VOLUME NaOH USED Keq
S of COMPOSITIO (ml)
SOLUTION N (ml)
1 HCl and H2O 5 7.52 1.5214 x10-5
2 5 7.98 1.72 x10-5
3 HCl and 5 21.2 7.29 x10-4
4 CH3COOC2H5 5 20.76 6.89 x10-4
5 HCl and 5 19.8 4.57 x10-3
6 CH3COOH and 3 20.2 4.87 x10-3
C2H5OH 2
7 HCl and 5 12.7 1.779 x10-3
8 CH3COOH and 2 11.1 1.344 x10-3
C2H5OH 3

VIII. COMPUTATIONS

Chemical Equation: Keq

[ C ] [D]
aA + bB cC + dD Keq = [ A ] [B ]

TEST TUBE 1 and 2

[ H 3 O ] [OH ]
2H2O H3O+ + OH Keq = [H 2 O]

TEST TUBE 3 and 4

CH3COOC2H5 + H2O C2H5OH + CH3COOH Keq =
[ C 2 H 50 H ] [CH 3COOH ]
[CH 3 COOC 2 H 5] [ H 2 O ]

TEST TUBE 5 and 6

C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O Keq =
[ CH 3 COOC 2 H 5] [ H 2 O ]

[ C 2 H 50 H ] [CH 3 COOH ]
 TEST TUBE 7 and 8
C2H5OH + CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O Keq =
[ CH 3 COOC 2 H 5] [ H 2 O ]

[ C 2 H 50 H ] [CH 3 COOH ]

SOLVING FOR Keq OF TEST TUBE 1 SOLVING FOR Keq OF TEST TUBE 2

VSOLUTION = 25 ml NaOH VSOLUTION = 25 ml NaOH

+ 5 ml H2O + 5 ml H2O
+ 5 ml HCl + 5 ml HCl
VSOLUTION = 35 ml solution VSOLUTION = 35 ml solution

(NV)SOLUTION = (NV)NaOH (NV)SOLUTION = (NV)NaOH

( NV ) NaOH ( NV ) NaOH
NSOLUTION = Vsolution NSOLUTION = Vsolution

( 1 N ) (7.52 ml) ( 1 N ) (7.98 ml)

NSOLUTION = 35 ml NSOLUTION = 35 ml

NSOLUTION = 0.215 N NSOLUTION = 0.228 N

Solving for NH2O Solving for NH2O

MassH2O = 5g MassH2O = 5g

1 mol 1 mol
5 g( ) 5 g( )
NH2O = 18 g NH2O = 18 g
1 tpc 1 tpc
0.005 L 0.005 L

NH2O = 55.55 N NH2O = 55.55 N

2H2O = H3O+ + OH 2H2O = H3O+ + OH

Initial 55.55 0 0 Initial 55.55 0 0
Change -2X X X Change -2X X X
Equilibrium 55.552x X X Equilibrium 55.552x X X

X = NSOLUTION = 0.215 N X = NSOLUTION = 0.228 N

[ H 3 O ] [OH ] [ H 3 O ] [OH ]
Keq = [H 2 O] Keq = [H 2 O]
 [ X][ X] [ X][ X]
Keq = [ H 2O ] Keq = [ H 2O ]

X X
Keq = [ 55.552 X ] Keq = [ 55.552 X ]

[0.215] [0.228]
Keq = [55.552(0.215) ] Keq = [55.552(0.215) ]

Keq = 1.5124 x 10-5 Keq = 1.72 x 10-5

SOLVING FOR Keq OF TEST TUBE 3 SOLVING FOR Keq OF TEST TUBE 4

VSOLUTION = 25 ml NaOH VSOLUTION = 25 ml NaOH

+ 5 ml CH3COOC2H5 + 5 ml CH3COOC2H5
+ 5 ml HCl + 5 ml HCl
VSOLUTION = 35 ml solution VSOLUTION = 35 ml solution

(NV)SOLUTION = (NV)NaOH (NV)SOLUTION = (NV)NaOH

( NV ) NaOH ( NV ) NaOH
NSOLUTION = Vsolution NSOLUTION = Vsolution

( 1 N ) (21.2 ml) ( 1 N ) (20.76 ml)

NSOLUTION = 35 ml NSOLUTION = 35 ml

NSOLUTION = 0.606 N NSOLUTION = 0.59314 N

Solving for NCH3COOC2H5

Mass = 4.697 g
NCH3COOC2H5 = (4.697g)(1mol/86 g)(1 tpc)/0.005 L = 10.675N
mol g
MassHCl = 6 L * 0.005 L * 36.45 mol = 1.0935 g
Mass H2O = 5.6449 1.0935 = 4.5514 g
g1 mol
4.5514 1 tpc
18 g
NH2O = = 50.57 N
0.005 L

For the Reaction : CH3COOC2H5 + H2O = C2H5OH + CH3COOH

INTIAL 10.675 50.57 0 0
CHANGE -X -X X X
EQUILIBRIUM 10.675-X 50.57-X X X
 [ C 2 H 50 H ] [CH 3COOH ] [ X][ X]
Keq = [CH 3 COOC 2 H 5] [ H 2 O ] = [10.675X ] [ 50.57X ] =
[X]
[10.675X ] [ 50.57X ]

TEST TUBE 3 TEST TUBE 4

X = 0.606 N X = 0.59314 N

[X] [X]
Keq = [10.675X ] [ 50.57X ] Keq = [10.675X ] [ 50.57X ]

[0.606]
Keq = [10.6750.606] [ 50.570.606 ] Keq =
[0.59314 ]
[10.6750.59314 ] [ 50.570.59314 ]

Keq =7.29 x10-4 Keq =6.89x10-4

SOLVING FOR Keq OF TEST TUBE 5 SOLVING FOR Keq OF TEST TUBE 6

VSOLUTION = 25 ml NaOH VSOLUTION = 25 ml NaOH

+ 3 ml CH3COOH + 3 ml CH3COOH
+ 5 ml HCl + 5 ml HCl
+ 2 ml C2H5OH + 2 ml C2H5OH
VSOLUTION = 35 ml solution VSOLUTION = 35 ml solution

(NV)SOLUTION = (NV)NaOH (NV)SOLUTION = (NV)NaOH

( NV ) NaOH ( NV ) NaOH
NSOLUTION = Vsolution NSOLUTION = Vsolution

( 1 N ) (19.8 ml) ( 1 N ) (20.2 ml)

NSOLUTION = 35 ml NSOLUTION = 35 ml

NSOLUTION = 0.5657 N NSOLUTION = 0.5771 N

Solving for NCH3COOH and NC2H5OH

1 mol 1
MassCH3COOH = 3.6531 g , NCH3COOH = 3.6531g x 60 g x 0.005 L x 1= 12.17
N
1 mol 1
MassC2H5OH = 1.518 g , NC2H5OH = 1.518 g x 46 g x 0.005 L x 1= 6.6N
For the Reaction : C2H5OH + CH3COOH = CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
INTIAL 6.6 12.17 0 0
CHANGE -X -X X X
EQUILIBRIUM 6.6-X 12.17-X X X

[CH 3 COOC 2 H 5] [ H 2 O ] [ X ][ X ] [X]

Keq = = [ 6.6X ] [12.17X ] = [ 6.6X ] [12.17X ]
[ C 2 H 50 H ] [CH 3 COOH ]

TEST TUBE 5 TEST TUBE 6

X = 0.5657 N X = 0.5771 N

[X] [X]
Keq = [6.6 X ] [ 12.17X ] Keq = [6.6 X ] [ 12.17X ]

[0.5657 ] [0.5771]
Keq = [ 6.60.5657] [ 12.170.5657 ] Keq = [6.60.5771] [ 12.170.5771 ]

Keq =4.57 x10-3 Keq =4.87x10-3

SOLVING FOR Keq OF TEST TUBE 7 SOLVING FOR Keq OF TEST TUBE 8

VSOLUTION = 25 ml NaOH VSOLUTION = 25 ml NaOH

+ 2 ml CH3COOH + 2 ml CH3COOH
+ 5 ml HCl + 5 ml HCl
+ 3 ml C2H5OH + 3 ml C2H5OH
VSOLUTION = 35 ml solution VSOLUTION = 35 ml solution

(NV)SOLUTION = (NV)NaOH (NV)SOLUTION = (NV)NaOH

( NV ) NaOH ( NV ) NaOH
NSOLUTION = Vsolution NSOLUTION = Vsolution

( 1 N ) (12.7 ml) ( 1 N ) (11.1 ml)

NSOLUTION = 35 ml NSOLUTION = 35 ml

NSOLUTION = 0.362857 N NSOLUTION = 0.3147143 N

Solving for NCH3COOH and NC2H5OH

 1 mol 1
MassCH3COOH = 2.4351 g , NCH3COOH = 2.4351g x 60 g x 0.005 L x 1= 8.117
N
1 mol 1
MassC2H5OH = 2.278 g , NC2H5OH = 2.278 g x 46 g x 0.005 L x 1= 9.904
N

For the Reaction : C2H5OH + CH3COOH = CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

INTIAL 9.904 8.117 0 0
CHANGE -X -X X X
EQUILIBRIUM 9.904-X 8.117-X X X

[CH 3 COOC 2 H 5] [ H 2 O ] [ X ][ X ]

Keq =
[ C 2 H 50 H ] [CH 3 COOH ]
= [ 9.904 X ] [8.117 X ] =

[X]
[ 9.904 X ] [8.117 X ]

TEST TUBE 7 TEST TUBE 8

X = 0.362857 N X = 0.3147143 N

[X] [X]
Keq = [9.904X ] [ 8.117X ] Keq = [ 9.904 X ] [8.117 X ]

[ 9.9040.362857 ] [8.1170.362857 ]

Keq = [0. 362857] Keq =

[ 9.9040.3147143 ] [ 8.1170.3147143]

[0.3147143]

Keq =1.779 x10-3 Keq =1.344x10-3

IX. CONCLUSION

Acetic Acid reacts with Ethanol with the presence of Hydrochloric acid as the
catalyst to produce ester, ethyl acetate. The reaction is slow and reversible. The
experiment was carried out for at least 3 days in order to attain chemical
equilibrium.Chemical equilibrium is the state in which the chemical activities or
concentrations of the reactants and products have no net change over time.They
precede to a certain point and then apparently stop and leaving some amounts of
unreacted reactants. When the reaction reaches the said stage, then, equilibrium is
now attained.

The experiment also proves that the concentration of reactants decreases while the
concentration of products in equilibrium increases at equilibrium. As long as the
temperature is constant, whatever proportion of acid and alcohol mix together, once
the equilibrium is reached, the equilibrium constant (K c) will always have the same
value.