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I. INTRODUNCTION
divide the displacement of each node in the reflector into Where, ao, ai and bi (i = 1, 2, ... , m) are undetermined
two parts. One is the rigid motion (slide and rotation) of coefficients. According to the simulation analysis, m should
whole paraboloid, and the change of antenna focal length. be equal to 4 or 5. The variance of all the hoop nodes is
The other is the deviation of all nodes from the new shown in the following expression.
paraboloid. Then make all the partial derivatives of the rms n 2
~8j2 In (n
P= L[f(xk;X)-Yk]
J
axial error is the total number of sampling k=1
(3)
nodes) to six parameters equal to zero including the = ~[ao + ~(ai cosixk +bjsinixk )- Yk
displacements of the vertex of parabolic reflector Ax, ~Y
and Az, directions of its focus axis tPx and tPy , and the
Where, (xk, Yk) is the coordinate of the kth sampling
node; n is the total number of sampling nodes.
numerical change of the focal length ~f.
By applying the way used in best-fit paraboloid method
Let the coordinate of a sampling node in the surface of [8], the normal equations for hoop trigonometric function
reflector antenna be(xo'Yo'zo) ' and (x o +u'Yo +v,zo +w) fitting method can be obtained.
be the corresponding position of the same node in the AX=C (4)
distorted reflector. What can be obtained are the normal The coefficient matrix is
equations for the best-fit paraboloid.
Sp=H (1)
o 0 -2LTf4
S= Where, alj = tcos[l]xk '
o LTfY~(2f +zo) o k=l 2
LTfx~(2f +zo) 0 o
o 0 -2LTf3 zo
aij~il~cos[~JXk .cOS[~JXk (i is an even number)
o 0 LTfx~(2f +zo)
o - LTfY~(2f +zo) o ~ sin[f]xk,sin[~]Xk (i is an odd num her)
surface rms error cannot offer all the information of What follows is the mathematical expression of
distorted reflector because of its neglect of the special quadratic radial function fitting method.
effect of partial great distortion on antenna electrical
and the corresponding phase error of each sampling node
(5) can be calculated to analyze the electrical performances.
The phase error caused by nodes displacement can be
Where, ao' at and a2 are the undetermined coefficients determined with the availability of corresponding optical
(m is equal to 2). path error of nodes by using the normal deviation &n or
According to the same process above, the corresponding radial deviation &p or axial deviation &z (Fig. 3).
normal equations can be obtained.
Perfect Paraboloid
sooao + sOla l + ... + sOmam = tOY
(6)
r
uO, u1, Ow and 1w, and their direction derivatives Where the aperture amplitude distribution is defined as
uO w' ul w' OWu and Iwu ' where the intersections of two 2
Jm(X)J-:t r
~(u) 10 11 lOw II w ~(w)
Go(u) OOu Ol u OOuw OI uw Go(w) ejxcOS9' cos(mqJ) dqJ (14)
Gl(u) IOu Il u 10uw II uw Gl(w) Where, m denotes the order of Bessel functions.
Where Fo' F 1 , Go and G1 are the blending functions. The boresight gain loss caused by the surface distortion
After fitting the distorted surface, the optical path error can be expressed as follows.
G 2
/1G = lOlog- = lOloge-(2Jr&IA)
GO -10
(15)
-20
-30
~
Where G and Go are the gains of the perturbed and 'i -40
~
unperturbed reflector antenna respectively; &p is the rms a..
-50
value of radial surface deviation.
-60
-70
IV. NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
-80 l - - - - - - l _ - - - - 1 . . . . ! . . - - - L . _ - - - - I - _ - L - _ - - - I . - _ - l . - _ . . . . L . - _ . . . L . . - - - J
A detailed analysis is made of the electrical performance o 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
u =k*a*sin(Theta)
of a 7.3-m circular parabolic antenna with the focal length (a)
2.5335926 m. Its emission frequency bands are Ku and C; "'_ I
CCIR sidelobe envelope is CCIR. 580-2; operating and -10 --- --- j:.- -'- - ,- -1--------1--------~ --------~ -------+-------1------
survival wind speeds are 20 m/s and 55 m/s respectively. \: ~ ~ 1 ~ i '-------.. . 1
The antenna reflector is a typical shell structure -20 - - - - - - -1- ------ -~, ------ -1--------r--------~- --------~- -------1--------t--------r-------
:: ::::::I:::::::J:'\ ?:_~]:~::':~::~~:'\l/::t~-~_:j-:::->:l!:>-~I~,~",\:
manufactured by drawing duralumin with 2-mm thickness
and composed of 16 fan-shaped reflectors with Z-typed
aluminum strengthening bars on the back.
reflector antenna, the value of the edge taper has an obvious -40
(d)
Fig. 4. The far-field pattern of antenna at zenith attitude.
(a) ET = -10dB, P = 1; (b) ET = -10 dB, P = 2;
(c) ET = 0 dB, P = 1; (d) ET = 0 dB, P = 2.
TABLEl
BORESIGHT GAINS CORRESPONDING TO DIFFERENT WORKING FREQUENCIES AT
-10 ZENITH ATTITUDE
.3)
14 49.95 48.90 47.95 47.14
6 49.79 48.74 47.79 46.98
!g
~.40 5.85 49.65 48.6 47.65 46.84
~ n* is the exponent of direction function of feed.
Cl.
.50 ' J.
TABLE II
-so BORESIGHT GAINS CORRESPONDING TO DIFFERENT WORKING FREQUENCIES AT
HORIZON ATTITUDE
-70
Freq. (GHz) n* = 2 n* = 3 n* =4 n* = 5
EllL....-.._....L...-_---L....~---L I . . . . - - _ . . . L . . . - . _ - - ' - - _ - - - ' - _ - - - - '_ _...L..____ __'
r~
+ :
-10
-10
,~
"'\. f=14GH,
---- f:::;6GHz
undislorted
l correctness of the analysis theory, approach and programs
discussed above. All the research achievements provide a
\- -
~;
theoretical guidance and an effective method for improving
\ / \,' I ~. .r-
-20
the efficiency of antenna design.
ff1
\} \~( \. ;/ ~
-30
II
II \/
~-40
J REFERENCES
J -50
[1] B. Y. Duan, Y. H. Qi, G. H. Xu, "Study on optimization of
60
i~ mechanical and electronic synthesis for the antenna structural
system" Int J Mechatronics, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 553-564, 1994.
[2] S. Sinton, Y. Rahmat-Samii, "Random surface error effects on offset
-70
cylindrical reflector antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.
80
51, no. 6, pp. 1331-1337,2003.
[3] R. Levy, Structural engineering ofmicrowave antennas for electrical,
-90 mechanical, and civil engineers, IEEE Press, 1996.
o 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
u:::;k*a*sin(Theta) [4] W. A. Imbriale, "Distortion compensation techniques for large
(c) reflector antennas," in Conf. Rec. 2001 IEEE Int. Aerospace Conf,
pp. 799-805.
[5] J. W. Kim, B. S. Kim, C. W. Lee, "Computation of the average
-'0 """"' :~: :'~' , , ,
f--i++l-i--~
: : . f:::;6GHz
-undistorted
power pattern of a reflector antenna with random surface errors and
--: - - ...... : : : : : :
misalignment errors," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 44, no.
::::::\~~~-)--~--~:-------:---t--------_t_------- ----------r-------
-; .
-20 ---------,---- --\"::'- 7, pp. 996-999, 1996.
.3D ........ ; :........ "1".. ':.~,~ .. r ~j~.~.~ ""'r :/.~.~.:.<
[6] A. V. Alpatova, A. M. Gorin, I. N. Kad'kalo, "Calculation of
non-axisymmetrical parabolic reflector antennas," in Proc. 4th
International ConI Antenna Theory and Techniques, Sevastopol,
: --::--:r-:-::-:r:-:-----L:_ -::T::---::-1~'::---:r::-:~-L:-::j\:-::-:r::-~:-- Ukraine, 2003, pp. 248-250.
[7] Tao Dong, Xiao-wen Xu, Jiang Xiao, "Analysis of the radiation
characteristics of the reflector antenna with surface distortion and
holes using PTD," in Proc. 6th International Symposium on
Antennas, Propagation and EM Theory, Beijing, China, 2003, pp.
145-148.
: ::::::::::::::::::::,:::::::::I:::::::1:::::::i:::::::1::::-:1::::::1 -::::::I:::::-- [8] Tongxiang Gu, "Asynchronous relaxed iterative methods for solving
linear systems of equations," Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,
-90 0 10 12 14 16 18 20
vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 747-751,1997. (in Chinese)
u:::;k*a*sin(Theta) [9] B. Q. SU, Practical Study of Differential Geometry, Beijing, China:
(d) Science Press, 1998. (in Chinese)
Fig. 5. The far-field pattern of antenna at horizon attitude. [10] A. Boag, C. Letrou, "Fast radiation pattern evaluation for lens and
(a) ET = -10dB, P = 1; (b) ET = -10 dB, P = 2; reflector antennas," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. 51, no. 5,
(c) ET = 0 dB, P = 1; (d) ET = 0 dB, P = 2. pp. 1063-1068,2003.