Qno.

14a) Deduce the relation between induced emf and terminal voltage of
separately excited ,
shunt and series generators?

Ans: Below figure is the circuit of excited shunt and series:-

1. Separately excited

These kind of generators has provided field exciter terminals which are
external DC voltage source is supplies to produce separately magnetic field
winding (shunt field) for magnetize of the generator as illustrated in figure as
below:-

Vt = Eg - Ia Ra

Where Vt = Terminal or output voltage

Ia = Armature current or load current

Ra = Armature resistance

2. Series generator:-

Series generator The field winding of a series generator is connect in series with
the armature winding. Since it carries the load current, the series field winding
consists of only a few turns of thick wire. At no-load, the generator voltage is
small due to residual field flux only. When a load is added, the flux increase, and
so does the generated voltage.

Below figure is circuit diagram of series generator:-

Equivalent to

V ( t )= Eg - Ia Ra + Rf

Where Rf = The series field winding resistance

Ra = The armature winding resistance

3. Shunt Generator:-

A shunt generator has its shunt field winding connected in parallel with the
armature so that the machine provides it own excitation. For voltage to build up,
there must be some residual magnetism in the field poles. There will be a small
voltage (Er) generated.

Below figure is circuit diagram of shunt generator :-

Equivalent to

Vt = Eg - Ia Ra

Where Vt = Terminal or output voltage

Ia = Armature current or load current

Ra = Armature resistance .