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CitronXM
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

TheCitronXMisanexecutivecarthatwasproduced
bytheFrenchautomakerCitronbetween1989and CitronXM
2000.Citronsold333,775XMsduringthemodel's11
yearsofproduction.TheXMwasvoted1990European
CaroftheYear.[2]

Contents
1Design
2History
3Criticalappraisal
4Suspension Overview

5Engines Manufacturer Citron(PSAGroup)

6Dimensionsandweights Production 19892000
7Differencesbetween1stand2ndgenerations Designer Bertone
8TheDIRAVIfunctions Bodyandchassis
9Variants Class Executivecar
10Headlightissues Bodystyle 5doorhatchback
11USimport 5doorstationwagon
12References Layout FFlayout
13Externallinks Related Peugeot605[1]
Powertrain
Engine 2.0LI4
Design 2.0LI416valve
2.0LI4Turbocharged
Theangular,dartlikeBertonedesignwasadevelopment 3.0LV612valve
ofMarcelloGandini'sCitronBXconcept.Itwasa
3.0LV624valve
longercarwithalonger,inclinednose,morerefined
detailsandwithheadlampsthatwereverymuchslimmer 2.9LV624valve
thanthenorm(Gandini'sownXMproposalwasrejected 2.1LI4Diesel12valve
aslookingtoomuchlikeanOpel[3]).Thedesignprocess 2.1LI4Turbodiesel12valve
2.5LI4Turbodiesel12valve
ofthecarwasdescribedinthejournalCarStyling.[4]In
thearticleCitroen'sdesignchief,ArtBlakeslee, Dimensions
explainedtheappearanceofthecar,saying"Ibelievethe Wheelbase hatchback:2,850mm(112.2in)
XMisamodernanddynamicshape,withuniquestyling stationwagon:2,850mm(112.2in)
elementssuchastheverylong,lowhood,theextensive
useofglassandthekickupinthebeltline".Inthebook Length hatchback:4,708mm(185.4in)

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CitroenXM[5]anotherCitroendesigner,Daniel stationwagon:4,963mm(195.4in)
Abramson,explained:"Weloweredthebeltlinetogive 19982000stationwagon:
theshapeastrongerimage.Itispurelya'design 4,950mm(194.9in)
statement'thatisnotfunctionalanddoesnothingforthe Width hatchback:1,793mm(70.6in)
aerodynamicsofthevehicle.Wewantedacarthatlooks
stationwagon:1,794mm(70.6in)
goodfromeveryangle".Abramsonisalsoreportedas
sayingthatthey"pickedthreeareastoemphasise:1)A Height 1,392mm(54.8in)(mostBerline
veryaggressivelook("Almostsinister"),2)Lotsofglass
models)someturbomodels
tocreateagreenhouseeffect,and3)Anaerodynamic
1,385mm(54.5in)1,466mm
accentbasedonfact(lowdrag)[6]".
(57.7in)(1998V6Break)
Thereweremany Curbweight 1,310kg(2,888lb)1,550kg
advances,most (3,417lb)
apparently
Chronology
designedto
counteractthe Predecessor CitronCX
maincriticismsof Successor CitronC5
itspredecessor. CitronC6
19942000CitronXM(suspension TheCXleanedin
fullylowered) corners,sothe
XMhadactiveelectronicmanagementofthesuspensiontheCX
rusted,sotheXMhadapartiallygalvanisedbodyshell(most
survivingXMshaveverylittlecorrosion)theCXwas
underpowered,sotheXMofferedtheoptionofa3.0LV6engine
thefirstV6inaCitronsincetheMaseratienginedSMof1970.

VentilationwasmarkedlymoreeffectiveintheXM.Rear
accommodationintheXMwasimprovedovertheCXinboth
19942000CitronXM(Australia) width,legroomandheight.Inparticulartherearpassengerswere
seatedhigherthanthoseinthefrontinordertoaffordagoodview
out,importantforavehiclewhichwouldoperateinFrench
governmentservice.[7]TheXMsharedafloorpanwiththePeugeot605,andthetwomodelsfaredsimilarly
inbothteethingproblemsandmarketacceptance.Unlikethe605sedandesign,theXMwasaliftback
designafeaturethoughttobedesirableincertainEuropeanmarkets.

History
Launchedon23May1989,[8]theXMwasthemoderniterationoftheBigCitron,areplacementforthe
CitronCX.ItwasintendedtocompeteagainstvehiclesliketheAudi100andBMW's5seriesinasector
thataccountedfor14.2%oftheEuropeanmarket.Citroenwasquotedassayingthatthecarwassupposed
to"takewhatCitroenmeansandmakeitacceptable".[9]Thecar'sinitialreceptionwaspositive.TheXM
wontheprestigiousEuropeanCaroftheYearawardfor1990(gainingalmosttwiceasmanyvotesasthe
second,theMercedesBenzSL)[10]andwentontowinafurther14awardsthatyear.[11]

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Theanticipatedannualsaleswere450carsadayinthefirstfullyearofproduction,or160,000unitsa
year.[12]Salesneverreachedthislevelforavarietyofreasons.Themarketforexecutivecarsmadeby
mainstreammanufacturerswasindeclineascustomersoptedforofferingsfrommoreprestigiousmarques
suchasBMWandMercedesBenzinparallelcustomerswereplacingahigherpriorityonspeedand
handlingratherthanridecomfortwhichwasCitroen'sspecialty.TheXMwasunderdevelopedatlaunch
whichresultedinreliabilityproblemsthevehicleasdesignedwasinconsistentinitsabilities.TheXM's
stylingwasalsocontroversialandalienatedthosewhodesiredamoreconventionalthreeboxsedan.Most
subjectiveofallwasthematteroftheXMnotlivinguptotheexpectationscreatedbyitsforerunnerthe
CitroenDS,despitethatcarhavingbeenlaunchedinaneraofnationalmarkets,ofdifferentdemandsand
standards,anerawhentherewasmorescopeforlargeadvancesinengineeringanddesignthanwere
possiblein1989.

TheXMinheritedaloyalglobalcustomerbaseofexecutiveclasscustomersandaclearbrandimage,but
didnotenjoythecommercialsuccessandiconicstatusofitspredecessors,theCXandtheDS,whichboth
raisedthebarofautomotiveperformanceforothermanufacturers.Exportmarketsexperiencedlowersales
fromtheoutset,partlyduetotheXM'spricing.TheleastexpensiveXMwasnearly50%moreexpensiveat
thetimeoflaunchthanthecorrespondingCX.Whilststrongatfirst[13]homemarketsalesalsodeclined,
afterthemechanicalissuesofthefirstfewmodelyearsbecameknown.Theproblemwascausedby
defectiveelectricalconnectors.Costcuttingonthecomponentswasneededsincetheparentcompanywas
infinancialdifficultyatthetimeofthedesignoftheXM.[14]Between1980and1984thecompanylost
$1.5billion.

Byearly1993,theXMwasviewedasan"underachiever".[15]InitialsalesintheUKwereat3,500unitsa
years,makingitCitroen'sweakestseller.The2.0litrepetrolenginedvariantswereviewedasbeingthe
leastcompetitive.Asaresult,Citroenrestructuredtherangesuchthatallbutthebasemodelpetrolswere
fittedwithlowinertiaGarretturbochargerstoaddanextra15bhp(11kW15PS).Thismadethecars
morepowerfulthanmoreexpensivecompetitorssuchastheRover820,VauxhallCarltonandFord
Granada2.0GLX.[15]

Inmid1994,theXMwasrevisedinordertoimprovecompetitiveness.[16]Allmodelswerefittedwith
driver'sairbag(signallingtheendofthesinglespokesteeringwheel),beltpretensioners,aredesigned
dashboardandupperdoorcasings.Thesuspensionwasredesignedtoreduceroll,pitchanddive.Most
noticeablewastheadoptionofapassiverearsteeringsystemsimilartothatontheCitroenXantia.This
sharpenedthe"steeringwithoutinducinganervoustwitch.[16]"Poweroutputontheturbochargedmotor
wasincreasedto150bhp(112kW152PS)from145bhp(108kW147PS)at4400rpm.Thisallowedthe
cartodevelopmoretorqueatmuchlowerrevs.Theimportant5070accelerationtimewas8seconds
comparedtotheFordScorpio2.016VGhia's17seconds.TheviewofCARmagazinewasthatthisengine
"providesunusuallyswiftaccesstoeffortlesspower...itdeliversprogressivelywithcommendablylittle
fussthatthis2.0turboisasrefinedasitismuscularmakestheXM'sperformanceallthemore
creditable[16]".

Bythemid1990s,itwasapparentthattheXM'simagemeantitwaslessdesirablethanGermanproducts
suchastheBMW5Series.[17]TheviewoftheXMascommerciallyunsuccessfulisreportedby
Compucars,[18]theusedcarwebsite,alongwithnumerousotherperiodcommentaries(see"Critical
Appraisal"below.)ProductionendedinJune2000.[19]

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Withtotalsalesoveritslifetimeofjust330,000unitsinmorethan10years,andthefactthatits
replacementtook5yearstoarrive,theXMmightbeconsideredafailure.Thiswasthecaseparticularlyin
theUnitedKingdommarket,wheredemandwasreducedtoavirtualtricklebythelate1990s.[20][21]But
despiteitscommonrootswiththePeugeot605,theXMmaystillemergeasacollectiblecar,astheDSand
CXbothdid.[22]

Criticalappraisal
TheXMwasreviewedbynumerousautomotivemagazinesduringthecourseofitslife.Thesereviewswere
generallyfavorable,ifinconsistent,particularlyconcerningthecar'sridequalityandappearance.The
suspension,forexample,waspraisedbyCarduringtestingin1989whentheXMshowedthemost
exceptionalsideofitscharacter.ThenewbigCitroenhasthefinestsuspensionofanycaryetmade,aswell
asthemostadvanced.[23]AutocarcomparedtheXM3.0V6totheBMW535andRover800(2.6litreV6)
andfoundthattheXMssuspensionallowed"somebumpcombinations"tobring"unexpectedreactions
fromthesuspension"butconcludedtheXMpresenteda"remarkabledisplayofchassis
competence".[24]PerformanceCarcommendedthesuspensionssupplenessbutalsonotedfirmnessover
smallsurfacesirregularities.[25]Autocar[26]contrastedthecarscompetenceat"controllingwheelandbody
motionwhentraversingbumpsanddips"butthereweresomeinstanceswhenthevehiclespliancywas
"mediocre"byprovoking"annoyingharshnessthroughthebodyshell".In1994theXMwasdescribedasa
carthatfloatsthecaroverfoundationbumps,thoughitdealslesssmoothlywithsurfaceabrasions.[27]
BenchmarkedagainsttheMercedesEclass,theXMwasrankedassuperiorin1991.[28]Whencomparedto
theBMW5seriesthesamejournalconsidereditbothinferiorandsuperior.[29][30]Overtimethecar's
reliabilitybecamesuspectduetoaproblemwiththequalityofelectricalconnectorused.Thispointwas
drivenhomeinoneofthefinalreviewsof2000,whenRichardBremner'spolemicalPartingShotessayin
''Car''magazineemphasisedtheelectricalfaultstowhichthecarwaspronethewriterpaidlessattentionto
theremediationoftheproblemandtothefactthatchangedmarketconditionsmeantdemandfortheXM
wasnevergoingtobethesameasforitspredecessor.[31]WhilstQuentinWillsonpredictedin1990thatthe
XM'sresidualswouldbebetterthantheoutgoingCX[32]bytheendofthecar'slife,itsresalevaluewasfar
belowaverage,furtherdentingthecar'sappeal.[33]Reviewershadsetupaviciouscirclewherethecarwas
criticizedfornotsellingandthiswasofferedasareasonnottobuyone.

TheXMwasreviewedbytheBritishweeklyAutocarinMay1989[34]as"thebestridingcarintheworld".
Autocar'sconclusion(basedonatestofaFrenchspecification3.0litreV6modelanda2.0litrefour))was
that"theGermanswillneedtotreatthiscarwithagreatdealofrespect".[35]TheXMwasdescribedas
havinga"superbridefromasuspensioncapableofcushioningtheworstbumps".[36]Autocarsaidthatthe
Citroenhadmadea"majoradvance"[36]overpreviousversionsofthehydropneumaticsuspenionsystem,
withtheabilityofthesuspensiontostiffenupandprovide"preciseandresponsivehandling".[36]The
interiorwasdescribedas"roomy",withGermancompetitorsseeming"decidedlycramped"bycomparison.
OnlytheFordScorpiowasdeemedtorivaltheXMinpassengeraccommodationbut"evenitcan'tmatch
theXM'scomfortlevelswithitsdeep,highmountedcushionandtallbackrestofferingararelevelof
opulence".[36]Theinteriorbuildqualitywaspraisedandtheinteriorcabinwas"agreeable".Thedriver's
seatswere"supportiveandcomfortable".Thelowwaistgavethecar"anincrediblyspaciousfeeling".[9]

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InJune1989,CARMagazine[23]publishedafulltestofthecarinV6guise.Themagazinediscussedthe
difficultyofreplacingtheCitronCXandthewriter,GavinGreen,reportedthatmanagingdirectorXavier
KarcherchoseadesignconsistentwiththeBXratherthandevelopingtheoutgoingcar'sthemes.Green
commentedthat"PeoplewilleitherloveorhatethelookoftheXMfor,likeanycarthatinspiresstrong
feelings,theCXsuccessorisdistinctive.Forthat,ifnothingelse,Citroendeservecredit".Hedescribedthe
appearanceas"displeasing"withan"awkward,kickeduphipline".GreenreportedtheXM'sdirectional
stabilityin"galeforcewinds"whileothercars"includingourownphotographicCitroenBXnervously
sidesteppedtheirwayforward..."Onsecondaryroads"theXMshowedthemostexceptionalsideofits
character.ThenewbigCitroenhasthefinestsuspensionofanycaryetmade,aswellasthemost
advanced".Green'ssaidthat"insoftmode,thecarridesjustasdeftlyasaRollsRoyce,probablybetter:the
suspensionfeelsmorecompliantthantheCX's.InsportssettingtheXMhandlesbeautifully,farlessbody
rollandpitchthanthatwhichbetrayedtheCX.Onlythecar'sbulkpreventsyoufromstayingwiththeGTis
...ItfeelslikeaCXallthesame...thereisthatsamewonderfulsenseofdetachmentfromtheroadsurface".
ThesteeringwasdescribedasinferiortotheCXinthattheratiowasreducedfrom13.5:1to17:1,andthat
theXMhas3.25turnslocktolockversus2.5ontheCX.CARnotedthattheinteriorwas"utterlyand
depressinglyconventional"otherthanthesinglespokesteeringwheel."Theindicatorsaresitedonalarge,
selfcancellingstalk,ratherthanondaintyandergonomicallysuperiorrockers".Theauthorreferredto"a
rowofpushbuttonswitches,allfromthePSApartsbin...scatteredjustbelowthesteeringwheel".'Photos
showtwoarraysofbuttonsgroupedonaninclinedplane,withintheradiusofthesteeringwheel.Onthe
creditside"theXM'scabinistrimmedinattractiveplasticsandveloursofahigherqualitythanthatwhich
usedtoclothetheCX'sinterior".Ongeneralassembly:"Paintfinish,panelgaps,generalsolidity,interior
finishineveryareatheXMisstreetsahead[oftheCX]".Thegeneralroominesswasnoted,andthe
visibilitywassummedupasfollows:"Youhaveamuchmorepanoramicviewoftheroadandsceneryin
anXMthaninaCX.Thebeltlineisverylowbelowshoulderlevelformostdriversandthewindscreen
seemsvast."Theconclusionofthearticlewasthat"theXMisamuchbettercarthantheCX...faster,
sharper,roomier,bettermadeandmorecomfortableitisallthesethingsaswellasbeingdistinctivetothe
eye.It'salsothemostcomfortablecarinitsclass:inabsolutetermsonlyaJaguarorRollsRoycecanmatch
it...ItisafarbettercarthanIthought,afarmoreintriguingcarthanIfeared."

Autocar&MotordescribedtheXM'sV6asofferingacompetitive177bhp(132kW179PS).The
reviewerwrotethattheenginewhilebenefitingfrommanytechnicalrefinementslackedthe"silky
smoothnessofaBMWoraMercedesBenz[inline]six".[37]However,lowendflexibilitywas
"impressive"andmidrangeresponse"strong."Overallperformancewas"formidable".Discussingthe2.0
litrevariant,Autocarsaidthatwhenshifting"you'llfindtheXMcornerswithanagility,thesteeringturning
insharply[...]poiseandcorneringbalancearemarvelousstraightlinestabilityisexcellent."Thebrakes
"performedsuperbly".[35]

Autocar'scriticismsrelatedtothe"bland"[36]frontalstylingandthe"awkward"[37]sharplyrisingwaistline
(thoughoverall,Autocarjudgedthecartobe"elegantlyproportioned"[38]).Noisesuppressionwasalso
ratedmediocrefortheV6.[38]However,the2.0litrecomparedfavourablytotheAudi100.The2.0litre
XMdidn't"feelasquickasthefiguresindicate".[38]

InAugust1989,Autocar&MotordidagrouptestoftheXMversuswhatittermedthebestandbest
sellingexecutivecarsintheUK:theBMW535iandRover8002.6V6.TheXMscabinwasdescribedas
beingof"nearGermanicquality"and"spacious",airierthantheBMWbutlessluxuriousthattheRover.[39]
Themagazineconsideredtheexteriorstyling"moreconformist"but"stillrecognisablyCitroen".In
summingup,AutocarfeltthatbothRoverandBMWcouldofferstrongcompetitiontotheXM.The
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magazinewasimpressedwiththeRoversV6andautomatictransmissionwhichcouldbepurchasedfor
lessbymeansofselectingcarefullyfromtheoptionslist.WhilsttheBMW530iwasmoreexpensivethan
theXM,mostofthevehicle'sbestfeatures(drivingposition,styling,bestchassis)couldbefoundina
cheaper520i.TheXMwasnotviewedbyAutocar&Motorasthebestdriverscar,[40]asitleftthedriver
"tooisolatedfromtheaction".ForAutocar&Motor,itwasaclosesecond,withtheXMasthe"most
spacious,practicalandcomfortableforfive[...]solidlybuiltandgenerallyaswellfinishedastheother
pair".Autocar&Motordecidedthatgoodasitwas,theXMwouldhaveadifficultjobwinningsalesfrom
theestablishedcompetition.

Autocartestedthe2.0SEiinNovember1989.TheirverdictwasthattheXMwas"anextraordinarylooking
machine,capableofextraordinaryfeats"butsaidtheXMwasan"acquiredtaste"thoughits"considerable
virtues[were]accessible".[41]The2litreXUseriesenginecameinforthemostcriticism.Autocar
describeditsperformanceandeconomyasbeingdisappointing,"standingatoddswiththesmoothnessand
finessethatseemtobesomuchapartofthecar".[42]ThemagazinelistedtheXM2.0SEi'srivalsasbeing
theBMW520SE,FordGranadaScorpio2.0i,MercedesBenz200EAuto,theRover820Siandthe
VauxhallCarlton2.0iCDX.AutocarjudgedtheRover(launchedin1986)tobethebestbuyintheclass,
basedonitslowprice,theperformanceofitsengine,its"attractive"shape,cruisingabilityandstandard
equipment.[41]

WhatCartestedtheXM2.0(8v)SiagainsttheRenault25GTX,LanciaThemaCDiandSaab90002.0
16v.[43]TheXMcamesecondoverall.Themagazinesummarizeditstestasfollows"TheXMisan
impressivecarinmanyrespects,particularlyinitsexcellentinteriorspaciousness,andfortheconfirmed
Citroenenthusiasttheoleopneumaticsuspension,supersharpsteeringandbrakeswillbeamajorattraction.
It'sagreatlongdistancecruiserbutisletdownbymediocreoutrightperformance.Manywillconsiderthe
XMtohaveoutstandingeleganceandstyle,abrilliantcarthatstandsoutamongthecurrentcropofjelly
mould,computerdesigns.Otherswillbeputoffinthefirsttenminutesbywhattheyseeastheoversharp
steeringandbrakes."Concerningtheridequality,WhatCarnotedthatwhiletheoverallridewasofahigh
quality,theXMwasunabletoabsorbshort,sharpirregularities.[44]

InJanuary1990UK'sCarMagazineranacomparisonofthe2.0SiagainsttheBMW520iandLancia
Thema16V2.0[45]inareviewoflowerendexecutivesectorcars.Thearticlesays,"Citroenexpects
businessbuyerstoaccountfor80%ofthe9000XMsithopestoshiftin1990...Thisisthemiddletrimlevel
ofarangethatisextremelywellequipped,presumablyasaninducementtoforgetyourpreconceptions."
CARcalledtheXM"aratherexoticdishforexecutivesraisedonastapleofGranadas,Carltons,Rovers."
Thethemeofpolarizingstylingwasrepeatedinthe1990review:"AnyonewhofearedthatCitroen's
individualitymightperishinPSAGroup'sdriveforincreasedsalesandprofitabilitywillbeheartenedby
theXM.There'satouchofloveitorloatheitaboutthestyling,butthere'snodenyingthatitisstriking."
TheslimValeoheadlampsdesignhelpedtomakefeasiblethe"low,penetratingfrontend"styling.While
theCitroenhadadragcoefficientof0.28,theBMW520'swas0.30andtheLancia'swas0.32.Thearticle
explainedthattheUKmarketXM'swerenotfittedwiththeselfcenteringpowersteeringbecause"buyers
heredon'tlikeit."Regardingperformance,theLanciarecordeda060mphtimeof9.6secondsversus12.4
fortheCitroenand10.6fortheBMW.TheThemawas"themostmettlesomeofthetrio"duetosharp
throttleresponsesandenginesoundquality.TheXMwasmarkeddownforthecoarsenessofthe2.0litre
XUseriesenginewhichwas"roughandnoisy.There'snopleasuretobegainedfromrevvingithard.Yet
thisispreciselywhatyoumustdotoproceedwithanysortofhaste."Performancewasreckonedtobe"par
fortheclass.Above80mphaccelerationfallsoffdramatically,avictimofatalltopgear."Thefuel
economyofallthreecarswasconsidered"poor"undertestconditions.TheXM'sbrakingactionwas"the
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leastsatisfactoryofthegroup."Underroadholding,"theXMintroducesanewmotoringexperiencetothose
whodon'tworkasengineersonactiverideprojectstheflatcorneringattitude.Inmediumspeedbends,
theXMscurriesaroundwithlittlediscernablebodyroll,wheelsuprightandallfourtyresplantedfirmlyon
thetarmac.Bodyrollisn'tentirelycancelledout,thoughasHydractivedoesn'tactasanantirollbar,it
merelystiffensspringanddamperrates.Intight,fastcornerstheXMleanslikeanyconventionalcar.When
gripfromtheXM's195/60MichelinMXV2srunsouttheCitroenstartstoundersteergently.Thetailcan
feelabitlightifyouliftoffpartofthewayaroundthecorner,butit'sasensationthatdoesn'tdevelopinto
anythingmoresinister."Thesteeringwascriticizedforlackoffeelathighspeeds.TheXMcabinwas
praisedforitssolidqualityandroominessthoughtheLanciawasreckonedtobeaswideandhadasmuch
frontheadroomandrearlegroom.TheBMWwascomparativelylessspacious."Rearseatridersarebest
offintheXM,wheretheyenjoythemostheadroomofthegroup...putthecentrearmrestdown,andthere
isasoftarmchairqualitytotheseats.Thefrontchairsaresimilar,yettheymanagetolocateyouwellwhen
pressingon,andremaincomfortableonlongjourneys."Abouttheridequalitythereviewerwrotethat"the
XM'sridequalityisabigdisappointment,especiallyatlowspeeds.Fracturedurbanroadsurfacesmakeit
thudnoisily,whileitpummelsratherthanabsorbs,thecontusions.It'sjitteryaroundtownandwillslapits
tyresoverridges.ABXfeelsmorecomposedinthesameconditions.AthigherspeedstheXMismore
impressive."IncomparisontheBMWwasreckonedtohavea"ridesuperiortothatoftheCitroen."There
were"occasionalflashesofbrilliancefromtheXM'schassis,butforthemajorityofthetimeitisoutshone
bytheBMW."Underdriverappeal,therelativelythickapillar,footoperatedparkbrakeandobstructed
passengersidemirrorcameinforcriticism.Todrivethecar"practiceisrequiredtodriveitfluidly."Onthe
inside"theXM'scabiniscossettingandisarelaxingplacetospendafulldayofmotorwaydriving.The
qualityoftrimiseasilythebestevertoadornaCitroen,andlooksplusherthatthatoftheplainerBMW."
TheconclusionofthearticlewasthattheBMWwonthetestagainst"allcomersinthe2.0litreclass",
primarilyforitscompletenessandengineeringquality.But"inspiteofitsfaultsyoucan'thelpbeintrigued
bytheXM.Yougetthefeelingthatthereisalottobelearnedaboutthecaroveranextendedperiodof
ownership,ahiddenfacetthatcanonlyberevealedbyfamiliarity.Andthere'sthesatisfactionofdrivinga
carthatlookssodistinctive."Reportedfuelconsumptionforthecarsat75mph(121km/h)were:Citroen
34.9mpgimp(8.1L/100km29.1mpgUS),Lancia34.4mpgimp(8.2L/100km28.6mpgUS)andBMW
32.1mpgimp(8.8L/100km26.7mpgUS).

InMarch1990Autocar&Motor[46]reviewedthe2.0turbodieselvariant,labelledTurboSD.Thecar'splus
pointswereitseconomy,space,excellentrideandhandling.ThenegativeaspectsoftheXMweretheslow
turboresponse,enginerefinementandgearchange.Indetail,Autocar&Motordescribedthe
instrumentationas"excellent"andtheaccommodationas"generous."Thechassiswasjudgedtobe"superb,
combiningfailsafehandlingwithapliantride".[47]Ventilationthroughputwasdescribedas"excellent".
Theoveralltheridequalitywascommendedas"almostunbeatable"foritscapacityto"swallowup
persistentmotorwayundulationsalmostasiftheydidn'texist"andto"spitoutsurfaceimperfectionsasif
theydidn'texist".[48]ItwasadmittedthatthoughnotoftentherewereconditionstheXM'ssuspension
handledlesswell.Theseweretransverseridgesorsomeinstanceswhere"somesurfacesproducean
unpleasantrockingorpitchingmotion"[49]Insummary,Autocar&Motor'sviewwasthat"inturbodiesel
form,theXMisafastandeffortlesslongdistancetourerthatwasalwaysreturnexcellenteconomyofsuch
aroomycar.Yes,refinementandnoisesuppressioncouldbebetter,andthecontrolslacktheengineered
slicknessofaBMWoraMercedesbuttheXMisawelcomeadditiontothegrowingranksofdiesel
poweredcarsandininterestingalternativetoconventionalpetroldrivensaloons.[50]"

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CARmagazinetestedthedieselvariantinJuly1990.[30]CAR'sopinionwasthat"aweekendtriptoBavaria
provedthislatestadditiontotheXMrangetobeaverycompetentandeconomicallonghauler.Atmore
moderateBritishroadspeeds,wehavemanaged43mpginmixedrunningwithfourpeopleaboard."Inthis
reviewthecarwasviewedasbeingsuperiortoaBMW5series:"Earlyinthetripthecarwasuncannily
smoothoverthebumpybackroadsbetweenCalaisandDunkirk.OnGermanautobahns,travellingat
speedswhichturnbendsintocorners,theXMremainedimpressivelyflatasthesuspensionalteredtocope
withhighcorneringloads.WemadethetripaccompaniedbyaBMW535i,whichrolledappreciablymore
throughfastbends,andpassengerswhotriedbothcarspreferredtheXM."Pointsofcriticismwereagain,
theleftsidemirrorandrearheadroom:"Themostserious[problem]isungenerousrearheadroom,though
threepassengersofaverageheightfoundtherearbenchcomfortablefora12hourjourney.Moreirritating,
becauseavoidable,isthenearsidemirror,whichispartiallyobscuredbytheApillar.Thisdeficiencyis
particularlynoticeableonthecontinent,whenyouneedthemirrorforovertaking."Thefootoperated
parkingbrakewasalsocriticized:"...fourdayswerentenoughtodispelourannoyancewiththeUSstyle
footoperatedparkingbrake.WenotedsourlythatyouwouldprobablyfailadrivingtestintheXM,
becauseyoucannotapplythebrake(usingyourleftfoot)untilyouhaveputthecarinneutral."In
conclusion,CAR'sviewwasthat"theXMisacarthatgrowsonyou,andinTurboDieselform,it'scheap
tooperate.Ifyou'recontemplatinghighmileages,particularlyabroadwheredieselissensiblypricedmuch
cheaperthanpetrol,itswellworthconsideringthestiffextrapriceoftheoilburner.Ifyoucareabout
reducingcarbondioxideemissionsbyimprovingfuelconsumption,theXMTurboDieseloffersdramatic
gainswithoutsacrificingbigcarvirtues."

TestedbyAutocaragainsttheAlfaRomeoCloverleafV6,theV6versionoftheXMwasplacedahead,but
thecarwasdescribedas"anunevenperformerhighabilitybutsomewhatretardedinthefinesse
department".[51]Reservationsrelatedtothegearchangeandtheridequalityoverroughroadsurfaces.

InFebruary1991,CarMagazine[52]testedtheXMinV6formalongsidetenotherexecutivecars(Alfa
Romeo164V6Lusso,BMW525i24v,FordScorpio2.9EFi,JaguarXJ63.2,MercedesBenz260E,
Peugeot6053.0SVE,RoverSterling,Saab9000CDs2.3turbo,VauxhallSenatorCD3.0iandVolvo960
3.0i24).ThewinnerwastheJaguarwiththeXMinsecondplace.Thesummarywasthat"...theCitroenin
secondplaceimpressedusenormously.TheXMisthemostadvancedcarhere,theprecursorofevenbetter
thingstocome.SucharetheCitroen'saccomplishmentsthatwe'dhaveputitfirsthaditsrefinement
measuredupthatofthePeugeotstablemate."ThePeugeotsharedthesameengineastheCitroenbutinthe
Peugeotinstallationitwasmorerefinedandless"inexplicablythrobby."IntermsofstylingCARpreferred
theoriginalityoftheXMtotheanonymityofthePeugeot:"criticizethefussy,multipillaredsuper
structureifyouwillbuttheXMeschewsconventionandforthatweapplaudthisindividualisticcar."For
performance,theXMwaspraisedforitsrobustacceleration(9.3secondsto60mph)anditstopspeed
(133mph).Underroadholdingandhandling:"Hydractivesuspensionengendersuniquefeel,makingthe
XMlikenoothercar.Sharpsteeringandlimpetcorneringgiveuncannyresponses,modestbodyrolland
terrificcomposure.Torquesteerseldomaproblem.Brakesstrongandsensitive."Thereportforthe
accommodationandcomfortnotedthattheinstrumentdialsweretoosmallandthatminorswitcheswere
mountedtoolow,outofsight(theyareinsidetheradiusofthesteeringwheel).Thehatchbackbootwas
describedas"massive"and"canbeextendedbyfoldingtheseats."TheXMinteriorwasdescribedas
"plush,itsseatssoft,supportiveandelectric."TheXMtiedwiththeFordGranadaforhavingthemostrear
legroom.Therearwasdescribedas"spacious."Withtheheadrestraintofthefrontseatsettoitsminimum
heightrearpassengersenjoyedanuninterruptedviewoutthroughthewindscreen.Themodeltestedwasan
automaticandcost25,330GBPversustheJaguar's27,500GBPprice.

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BenchmarkedagainsttheMercedesEclass,CARrateditassuperiorin1991.[28]Whencomparedtothe
BMW5seriesthesamejournalconsidereditbothinferiorandsuperior.[29][30]By1994,theXMwas
describedasacarthatdealslesssmoothlywithsurfaceabrasions.[27]MotoringmagazineprogrammeTop
Gear,reviewingthe"highspeedholdall"market,comparedtheXMestatewiththeAudi100in1991[53]
(Season14,episode16).ThepresenterreportedCitroen'sclaimthatitsXMhadtheworld'slargestestate
loadingbayandwentontosay:"withthishighrearwindowlineyouhavetrulyavastvolumeofspace
hiddenfrompryingeyes."Theloadcapacityofthebootwascitedas25cubicfeetwiththeloadbay
tonneauremoved,helpedbya"lowsillandasparetyreyougetatfromunderneath."TheAudi100hadless
concealedloadspace,aflimsycoverandlessloadspaceoverall.TheAudi'smaximumcapacitywas44
cubicfeetversustheCitroen's69cubicfeet.Ondrivingquality,theXM"isacknowledgedtohaveoneof
thefinestridequalitiesintheworldandtheestateversionisjustasgood."Buttheminorcontrolsweresaid
tobe"intimidating"andthehighrearwindowlinewascriticizedforitseffectonoutwardvisibility.
"BehindthehelmtheXMshowsitselftobeadisarminglyfinecar,"reportedthepresenter."Itspoised
magiccarpetrideandvelvettydrivetrainmakeforgentleandunruffledprogress."Atautobahnspeedthe
carwassaidtobeable"tosoakupeverypimpleanddeclivitywithoutsomuchasasolitarythud."With
improvedquality,shorterserviceintervalsandgoodlooksthe"TopGear"viewwasthatresidualvalues
"shouldstayhealthy."

The1992editionoftheDailyMailMotorreview,editedbyMichaelKemp[54]describedthestylingas
"modernbutsometimesawkward."The"highspeedroadholdingisdisappointing",buttheXMwasa"well
equippedandcomfortableluxurycarwithfineengineoptions."

Therevised2.0turbomodelwastestedinFebruary1993byAutocar.[55]Autocar'sviewwasthatfittinga
turbochargeravoidedturbolag,but"there'snomistakingtheengine'shesitantnatureatlowrevs,making
smoothfirstgeargetaways...unnecessarilyawkward".[56]However,theturbochargedversionwasa"swift
performer"[56]with60mph(97km/h)achievedin8.2secondsversusthenonturbo's11.2seconds.Top
speedincreasedto131mph(211km/h),aheadoftheFordGranadaandVauxhallCarlton.TheXMwas
commendedforitsmotorwayhandling,withlowrpmsatcruisingspeedand"excellent"[56]overtaking
ability.Enginenoisewasreduced,addressingearliercriticisms.Theridewasimprovedbyarecalibrationof
theengine'smountingpoints.Insummary,"addthisnewfoundrefinementandperformancetotheXM's
otherstrengths,mostnoticeablyitssuperbrideandexcellentcabinspace,andyou'dbehardpushedtofind
abettermotorwaymileeater."Allinall,therevisionstotheXMleftitina"muchmorecompetitive
position".[55]

InJuly1994,RogerBelloftheUK'sIndependenttestedthe2.5litreturbodieselvariantoftheXM.[57]He
saidthat"theintroductionofanewhightorquedieselisamongarangeofsalesboostingimprovements
madebyCitroentoitsflaggingflagship,stillshunnedbytheBritishasaGallicoddity."Thepricingand
equipmentwereviewedascompetitive.Thecomfortandroominesswerepraised,butcommentsonthe
drivequalityfocusedontheidiosyncrasies.Eventhoughthesteeringratiowasmuchreducedcomparedto
theCX,Bellstillconsidereditoverdirectandsaidthat"clumsydriversshouldlookelsewhere".Roger
Bell'sconclusionwasthat"anyoneinthemarketforabig,roomy,comfortablecarthatgoeswellonlittle
fuelwouldbefoolishtoignoreit.Apartfrombeinggoodvalue,theXMisoneofthelasttrue'characters'
leftinamarketoflookalikes."Fueleconomyof40mpgwasreportedforthistest.

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InMay1995,JohnSimisterofCAR[16]testedtherevisedXM2.0VSXagainsttheAlfaRomeo1642.0T
Spark,FordScorpio2.016VGhiaandVauxhallOmega2.0GLS16V.Thearticlehighlightedanentirely
newiterationoftheOmegaandtherecentlaunchoftheFordScorpio.SimisterintroducedtheXMasthe
"daringmaverickofthequartet,technicallyandaesthetically.[16]"Duetoitshydraulicsteering,brakesand
suspensiontheXMwasrecognizedashaving"adifferentfeel."Theconclusionofthetesthighlightedthe
XM'sunevencapabilitiesandalsotheextenttowhichthecompetitionwascatchinguponCitroen'sunique
salespropositionsofridequalityandcomfort:"there'satellinggenerationgapbetweenthetwofrontdrive
cars[XMand164]andtheyoungerreardrivepairinthisconfrontation[ScorpioandOmega]".Though
basedonthearchitectureofamucholdercar,theMk3FordGranadaof1985,theScorpiobestedtheXM
onseatcomfortandrearlegroom.TheXM'sfrontseatsandcabinambiencedidnotfarewellagainstthe
FordorVauxhall.However,theturbochargedCitroenbeattheFordonperformance.TheAlfawasviewed
ashavingthe"sportiestcharacter"withbesthandling,buttheCitroenhadbetterspace,comfort,finishand
refinement.Soacombinationofsuperiorspeed(comparedtotheFord)andcomfort(comparedtotheAlfa)
puttheXMinsecondplace.TheVauxhall'sallroundcompetence,butparticularlyitsride,putitinfirst
place.TheVauxhall'ssuspensionwasdescribedas"brilliant.Therideissupple,controlled,welldamped...
toobtainsuchoutstandingresultsthroughconventionalmeansistochallengeCitroen'sinnovation.[16]"The
Opelalsoboastedaccuratesteeringand"splendidcentrepointresponses.Norivalturnsintocornerswith
greaterresolution,biteorfluency."TheXM'sgearchangewasdescribedas"graunchy,downgradedbythe
mushyclutch."And"despitemidliferefurbishmenttheXM'sdashandswitchgeararenotupthebest."The
XMwashighlyratedinsteering,itbeing"nicelyresponsiveratherthanultrasharpespeciallyatspeed,
whenlittlemorethantelepathyisneededtocornerwithinchperfectprecision."IncontrasttotheVauxhall
andFord,theCitroen'ssuspensionfailedtoabsorbsurfaceabrasionswhich"generatehighfrequency
agitationandknobbliness".[16]However,theoleopneumaticsuspensioncould"waftoverfoundation
irregularities"betterthanthecompetitors.Thefootappliedparkingbrakewasdescribedas"treacherous."
TheluggagecapacityoftheXMwasratedat460litres,jointthirdplacewiththeFord.

AnunrelatedarticleinthesameeditionofCAR[58]discussedthesalesperformanceoflarge,dieselcarsin
theUKmarketinthepreviousyear.TheVolkswagenPassatwasrankedfirstandtheXMtookeighthplace.
Underthecategory"CouldDoBetterDepartment"theXMwasdescribedasa"technofest."Theunnamed
authorexhortedreadersasfollows:"Listenpeople,they'refab,sotryone."

Discussingthemeritsofturbodiesels,theGlasgowHeralddescribedthecarinmid1996inthefollowing
way:"TheCitroenXMinturbodieselformisasplendidlongleggedautoroutecar.[59]"Thesameedition
oftheGlasgowHeraldsummarisedthecaras"afinemotorwaycruiser,withunexpectedlygoodhandling
aroundthelanes,andmassesofspaceforpassengersandluggage.[60]"

TheviewoftheDailyExpressWorldCarGuide1998,[61]editedbyPeterBurgess,wasthattheXMwas"as
distinctiveanexecutiveclasscarasit'spossibletofind."Theinteriorwasdescribedas"huge."Thenews
forthatmodelyearwasthereplacementofthe12valve3.0litreV6witha24valve3.0litreV6thatwas
usedintheCitroenXantia.TheGuidecommentedthattheinteriorwaslookingdated,butitwasdescribed
asa"thoroughlyrelaxingdrive."

TheDailyExpressWorldCarGuide1999,editedbyPeterBurgess,[62]said"Citroen'slargestcarisalsothe
mostquirky."ButtheXM"isnotwithoutitsqualitiesthough,withasmoothrideandmilemunching
motorwayability."Thedepreciationtowhichthecarwaspronehadbecomepartofthecar'sidentityin
manyreviews.Typicalis"onlyafewhundredaresoldandvaluesplummetontheusedmarket."The2.1
and2.5litredieselsweresaidtobe"starsoftherangewitheconomyandreasonableperformance."In
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contrasttoearlierreviews,theGuidethoughttheinteriorswere"fragile."Buttheergonomicsremaineda
pointofcriticism:"theinteriortakessomegettingusedto."Referringtotheloadcarryingcapacityofthe
estate,theGuidesaidthecarwas"capableofcarryingmorethansomevans."

BySeptember2000[33]theCitroenXM'spressvisibilityhaddiminished.CARmagazine'sGBUsection
wasoneofthelastplacesitwasreviewed.ThesummarywasthattheXMas"anancientintergalactic
cruiserremindsusofwhatCitroenusedtobe.Bertone'sneedlenosedstylingiswearingquitewell,and
comfy,spaciouscabinapleasureontopofthehydraulicchassis.Quitegoodindieselandturboforms...
Estateanunbeatableloadcarrierbutatadecadeoldthismonsterisbestavoided."

CARmagazine'sfinalarticleontheXMwasfromNovember2000.[31]The"PartingShot"serieswas
knownforitsunequivocallyharshstancesothecommentaryinthattraditionwasalmostwhollynegative.
Thearticleinquestion,byRichardBremner,focusedontheissueofthedefectiveelectricalconnectors:
"EarlyXMscouldbereliedupontogowrong,butlittleelse.Andoftenthecauseofthetroublecouldbe
pinpointedtoonecomponentadefectiveelectricalconnector".Theresultofthisreputationwasthat
people"stayedawayindroves,evenifsomegotcarsthatgavenotroubleatall."Thearticlenotedthat
"Citroenworkedhardatfixingtheproblems,introducinganewkindofconnectorafterthecarwas
launched,butbythentheXMhadlostalmostallconnectionswithitspotentialaudience."Thearticle
concededthatachangedmarketalsomadeconditionsdifficultfortheXM:"WhiletheCXbeforeitsold
welltosuccessfultypeswhoneededsomethingbigandfuturistic,bythetimetheXMcamealongtheir
thoughtswereturningtowardstheslicklypackagedprestigeofBMWandBenz.Themarketforbigcars
fromvolumemakerswasdying".Bremnerpointedoutthatitwasgoingtobedifficultforanymodern
Citroentobegreat."Whatitreallyneededtobe,howeverunreasonableitistoexpectonecarcompanyto
keepdeliveringit,wasanewconceptinbigcardesign,somethingasradicalastheRenaultEspace.Butthe
XMwasnotthatandithasdiedunlovedanddestined,onesuspects,tobecomeveryrareverysoon".

TheXMhasamixedreputationinitspostproductiontwilight.Discussingbargainusedcars,theGlasgow
Heraldwrotein1999[63]thattheXMhas"asolidreputation,smoothengines,plentyofstreetpresenceand
lotsofroomforpeopleandluggage."But,writingintheDailyTelegraphinSeptember2005,[64]Andrew
EnglishledhisdiscussionontheCitroenC6withthiscomment:"Ithasbeen17yearssinceCitronlast
introducedalargecar.TheslabofcheeselikeXMthatwentoutofproductionin2000wasamockeryof
theidea,however.Notjustinthecoincidenceofitsdesignhouse'sname,Bertone,withthatofFlaminio
Bertoni,whopennedthebeautifulandelegantDSmodelsinthe1950s,butalsoforitsstaggering
unreliability".WhenreviewingtheCitroenC6in2006,TheIrishTimesreferredtothemarked
improvementinthequalityofthenewvehiclecomparedtoitspredecessor:"unlikepreviousbigCitrons,
suchastheXM,theC6hasafeelofqualityinitsfitandfinish".[65]

Britain'sClassic&Sportscar[22]publishedanessayonCitroen'slargecars,fromDStoC6.Thetoneis
morecharitable,butstillreferstoacarwithareputation"tarnishedbycomplexity".Forcomparison
purposesaSeries2XMin2.1litredieselconfigurationwaspresented.Thearticle'scontentionwasthatthe
XMwasintendedtocompetewiththeascendantGermanmarques.Thearticleviewsthecar'sdesignas
influencedstronglybytheCitroenSMandcallsit"theworld'smostsubtleretrodesign."Oninterior(a
series2whichresemblestheXantia's),theauthorsays"theblackcabinisalittledour,butthereareplayful
touches,too,suchastheblackstripofsmokedplasticbehindthewheel,fromwhichwarninglights[22]
emergeandvanish."Turningtothedrivingquality,theauthorremarks,"you'llfindaconfidencenotalways
presentinitsancestors.There'slittleundersteer,thebrakesaremoreconventionallycontrolledandthe2.1

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litreturbochargedunithasampletorqueforcannoningtheXMfrombendtobend.Thebumpeliminating
suspension...stillfeaturesyou'llbarelynoticecattlegridsbutwithitcomesafirmnessmoreorientated
towardsthesportingdriver."

TheUKbasedcarreviewwebsiteHonestJohn[66]summarisestheXM,asausedpurchase,as
"Comfortableandspacious,especiallytheestate.Excellentrideandtidyhandling.Plentyofpotential
problems,sobuywithcareandfindanexperiencedXMspecialist."

TheusedcarwebsiteCompucars[67]viewstheXMas"surprisinglygoodtodrivethankstothatsuspension
system.YoufindyourselfrelishingcountryBroads,despitethecar'sobviousbulk.Youneedtobecareful
withthefootoperatedparkingbrakethough.Aleveronthedashboard,whichcantakesomegettingused
to,releasesit."Theoverallimpressionofthecar,accordingtoCompucarsis:"Galliccharmwithattitude.
TheXMmakesapleasantchangefromnormalexecutivefare.Buycarefullyandenjoy."

DesigncriticJonathanMeadesdescribedtheXMasthelastgothiccar,asquotedbyStephenBayleyin
"DesignMadeVisible"(2007).[68]In2013Car[69]magazinedescribedtheXMasoneofBertonesseven
"gamechanger"designs,referringtoits"cool"angulardesignandits"distinctivestaggeredbeltline".

Suspension
Thehydropneumaticselflevelingsuspension(featuringgrapefruitsizedmetalspherescontainingnitrogen,
actingasbothspringsandshockabsorbers)gainedaverysophisticatedelectroniccontrolsystemcalled
Hydractive,whichusedsensorsinthesteering,brakes,suspension,throttlepedalandtransmissiontofeed
informationonthecar'sspeed,acceleration,androadconditionstoonboardcomputers.Whereappropriate
andwithinmillisecondsthesecomputersswitchedanextrasuspensionsphereinoroutofcircuit,to
allowthecarasmoothsupplerideinnormalcircumstances,orgreaterrollresistanceforbetterhandlingin
corners.

TheHydractivesystemwassomewhat"aheadofthecurve"when
thecarwaslaunchedandearlyversionsweresometimesunreliable.
Manyproblemsstemmedfromthesensitiveelectronicscontrolling
thecar'shydraulicsystem,oftencausedbythepoorqualityofthe
multipointgroundingblocksoneoneachfrontinnerwing,oneat
therear,andoneunderthedashboard.Thesetendedtocorrode
(especiallytheonesintheenginecompartment),causingallmanner
ofintermittentfaultswhichwerehardtodiagnose.Onlatercars, CitronXMBreak
thesewerechangedtoscrewterminalsboltedthroughthe
bodywork,andmostoftheoldercarshavebeenmodifiedinasimilarway.

WhentheHydractivesystemworked,theresultwasabigcarwithasmooth"magiccarpet"ride,andbetter
handlingthanmanysmaller,lighter,sportscars.Whenitdidn'twork,itwasquiteharshandbumpy,
althoughnoworsethananycontemporaryhighperformancesportssedan.However,righthanddriveXMs
wereneverfittedwiththeDIRAVIvariablefullypoweredsteeringoftheCX,havinganalmost
conventionalDIRASSpowerassistedsetup.

SomeproductionmodelsoftheXMwerenotequippedwiththeHydractivesystem,buthada'conventional'
hydropneumaticsuspensionclosertothatoftheCitronBX.Theselowerspecificationvehicleswereall
builtformarketsinmainlandEurope.
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Engines
TheXMwasfittedwithawiderangeofgasolineanddieselengines:

Fuel Max.power Max.torque 0 Top

Model Engine Displacement Valvetrain Years
system atrpm atrpm 100km/h speed
Petrolengines
114PS
164Nm
(84kW 193km/h 1989
2.0 XU102C 1,998cc SOHC8v Carburettor (121lbft)@ 12.2s
112hp)@ (120mph) 1992
2,250rpm
5,800rpm
107PS
164Nm
(79kW 190km/h 1989
2.0cat XU102C 1,998cc SOHC8v Carburettor (121lbft)@ 12.4s
106hp)@ (118mph) 1992
2,250rpm
5,600rpm
110PS
Single 164Nm
2.0i (81kW 190km/h 1989
XU10 1,998cc SOHC8v pointfuel (121lbft)@ 12.4s
cat 110hp)@ (118mph) 1994
injection 3,500rpm
5,600rpm
128PS
Multipoint 175Nm
(94kW 205km/h 1989
2.0i XU10M 1,998cc SOHC8v fuel (129lbft)@ 11.5s
126hp)@ (127mph) 1992
injection 4,800rpm
5,600rpm
121PS
XU10 Multipoint 170Nm
2.0i (89kW 201km/h 1989
J2C 1,998cc SOHC8v fuel (130lbft)@ 11.9s
cat 119hp)@ (125mph) 1994
(RFU) injection 4,000rpm
5,600rpm
132PS
XU10 Multipoint 180Nm
2.0i DOHC (97kW 205km/h 1994
J4R 1,998cc fuel (130lbft)@ 10.8s
16V 16v 130hp)@ (127mph) 2000
(RFV) injection 4,200rpm
5,500rpm
141PS
2.0i XU10 Multipoint 225Nm
(104kW 212km/h 1992
Turbo J2TE 1,998cc SOHC8v fuel (166lbft)@ 9.8s
139hp)@ (132mph) 1994
CT (RGY) injection 2,200rpm
4,400rpm
147PS
2.0i XU10 Multipoint (108kW 235Nm
215km/h 1994
Turbo J2TE 1,998cc SOHC8v fuel 145hp)@ (173lbft)@ 9.3s
(134mph) 2000
CT (RGX) injection 5,300rpm 2,500rpm

167PS
Multipoint 235Nm
3.0i (123kW 222km/h 1989
PRV 2,975cc SOHC12v fuel (173lbft)@ 8.9s
V6 165hp)@ (138mph) 1994
injection 4,600rpm
5,600rpm
167PS
Multipoint 235Nm
3.0i (123kW 222km/h 1994
PRV 2,963cc SOHC12v fuel (173lbft)@ 9.7s
V6 165hp)@ (138mph) 1996
injection 4,600rpm
5,600rpm
200PS
3.0i Multipoint 260Nm
DOHC (150kW 235km/h 1990
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V6 PRV 2,975cc 24v fuel 200hp)@ (190lbft)@ 8.6*2s (146mph) 1994

24V injection 6,000rpm 3,600rpm

200PS
3.0i Multipoint 260Nm
DOHC (150kW 235km/h 1994
V6 PRV 2,963cc fuel (190lbft)@ 8.6*2s
24v 200hp)@ (146mph) 1996
24V injection 3,600rpm
6,000rpm
190PS
3.0i Multipoint 267Nm
ES9J4 DOHC (140kW 233km/h 1997
V6 2,946cc fuel (197lbft)@ 8.4s
(XFX) 24v 190hp)@ (145mph) 2000
24V injection 4,500rpm
5,500rpm
Dieselengines
82PS(60kW 147Nm
2.1 XUD11 Indirect 173km/h 1989
2,138cc SOHC12v 81hp)@ (108lbft)@ 17.6s
D12 A(PJZ) injection (107mph) 1994
4,600rpm 2,000rpm
109PS
2.1 XUD11 235Nm
Indirect (80kW 192km/h 1989
Turbo ATE 2,088cc SOHC12v (173lbft)@ 12.4s
injection 108hp)@ (119mph) 1994
D12 (PHZ) 2,000rpm
4,300rpm
109PS 250Nm
2.1 XUD11 Indirect (80kW 192km/h 1994
Turbo BTE 2,088cc SOHC12v (180lbft)@ 12.9s
injection 108hp)@ 2,000rpm (119mph) 2000
D12 (P8C) 4,300rpm

129PS
2.5 DK5 285Nm
Indirect (95kW 201km/h 1994
Turbo ATE/L 2,446cc SOHC12v (210lbft)@ 12.1s
injection 127hp)@ (125mph) 2000
D12 (THY) 2,000rpm
4,300rpm

*2TheCitroen"official"numbersfor0100km/hforXM3,0V6.24wasfromyear1991listedto8,0s.
From1993or1994thenumberwasfor"unknown"reasonschangedto8,6s(documentetinsalesbrochures
1991to1994).Similarchanges(longertimes)wasalsointroducedatthesametimeformostothermotors
intheXM.

BeingpartofthePSAPeugeotCitroncompany,mostoftheseengineswerefoundincontemporaryPSA
cars,liketheCitronXantia,CitronC5,Peugeot405,Peugeot406andPeugeot605.TheZF4HP18
automatictransmissionthelateV6had4HP20wasusedalsoinSaab9000,Peugeot605,AlfaRomeo
164,LanciaThemaandtheFiatCroma.

Dimensionsandweights
Length:4,709mm(185.4in)(Berline)or4,950mm(194.9in)(Break)or4,963mm(195.4in)(1998
V6Break)
Width:1,793mm(70.6in)
Height:1,392mm(54.8in)(mostBerlinemodels)someturbomodels1,385mm(54.5in)
1,466mm(57.7in)(1998V6Break)
Wheelbase:2,850mm(112.2in)

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Groundclearance:140mm(5.5in)
Weight:1,310kg(2,888lb)(2.0iBerline)1,400kg(3,086lb)(2.0TurboBerline)1,453kg
(3,203lb)(TurboBreak)1,475kg(3,252lb)(1990V6)1,642kg(3,620lb)(Turbo2.5DBreak)
1,655kg(3,649lb)(1998V6Break)
Fueltankcapacity:80L(21USgal18impgal)

Differencesbetween1stand2ndgenerations
Thereareanumberofvisibledifferencesbetweenthefirstgeneration(May1989May1994)andsecond
generation(June1994June2000)cars:

Themostdistinctiveexternaldifferencesarethat:

InsecondgenerationXMs,theCitrondoublechevronlogowasmovedtothecentreofthegrilleand
becamelarger.Itwaslocatedoffcentreinthefirstgenerationcars.

The"XM"badgeontherearhadamorestylisedfont(likethatontheXantia)anditwasmovedto
therightofthetailgate.

Thesecondgenerationcarswerefittedwithalowerrearspoileronthetailgate,sittingmuchcloserto
thetopoftheboot.

Thegrey/blackpanelbetweentheleadingedgeofthewindscreenandtherearedgeofthebonnetwas
colourcodedwiththebodycolour.Theoriginalcolouringwasdesignedtoechotheupwardkickin
thewindowlinebehindthereardoor.Withbodycolouredplasticthisvisualrelationshipbecameless
clearandthe"visualmass"ofthefrontofthecarincreasedsomewhat.Thiseffectwascleareron
lightcolouredcarswherethecontrastbetweenthedarkareasandlightareaswasmorepronounced.

Thedoormirrorsweremodifiedtoimprovetheviewofthepassengersidemirrorfromthedriver's
seat.PreviouslyitwasslightlyobscuredbytheApillar.However,theobscurationonlyaffectedthe
fieldofviewabovetheroadhorizonwhichisrelativelylessimportant.

Differencestotheinteriorinclude:

Amoreconventionalthreespokesteeringwheelincludinganintegratedairbag.Thedriverairbag
wasstandardonmostmodelsandcountries,regardlessofhanddriveconfiguration.Asaresult,the
secondgenerationmodelsneverhadCitron'sdistinctivesinglespokewheel.Incertainmarkets
(mainlytheUK)andforcertainmodelsXMswerefittedwithatwospokewheel.

Amodifiedinstrumentpanel,toaccommodateanoptionalpassengerairbag(standardafterDecember
1995).Also,in1997,frontseatmountedsideairbagswereadded,whichwereoptionalorstandard
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dependingonmodelandmarket.ThedesignwassimilartotheXantia'sdashboard.

Thequalityoftheinteriormaterialswasmarginallyimproved,withtheleatherandtheseatingbeing
bothsofterbutmoresupportive.

Theupperpartofdoortrimwereredesignedtosoftentheshape.Series1carshadapronounced
chamfereffectinkeepingwiththeangularthemeofthedashboard.

Thedriverandallpassengerscomfortwasfurtherenhanced(onExclusivemodels)byvariableheat
seating,ratherthanasbeforejust"onoroff",withadialswitchallowingaheatsettingof1,2,or3.

Othermajorimprovementsinclude:

Better,morereliableelectricsandafastercomputersystemcontrollingthenewHydractive2
suspension.

Somemodelsalsoreceivedthe"AutoAdaptive"gearbox,whichsupposedlyassessesthedriver's
drivingstyle,thenswitchestothemostappropriateofapproximately6onboardprogrammes.This
gearboxwasfurtherenhancedbya"Sport"modebutton(inadditiontothesportsbuttonforthe
suspension),whichshortenedthegearchangetimes,thereforeofferingamoreresponsiveexperience.
Thefinalnewupgradeeffectingthedrivingexperiencesawtheintroductionofa"SnowMode"
button,locatednexttothenewsportmodebutton.Althoughrarelyusedinsomecountries,thiswasa
surprisinglyeffectiveadditiontothedriver'sarsenalduringanynotablefallsofsnowthatmayaffect
theroadahead,asimplepushofthisbuttoncommandsthegearboxtoonlyacceleratefrom2ndgear
andup,andnottorevtheenginetoohigh,thuspreventinganylossoftraction.

Inaddition,thefollowingchangesweremadetomakethecareasiertoacceptbymoremainstreamcar
buyers:

Asadirectconsequenceoftheirhighpressurehydraulics,earlyXMbrakepedalshadverylittle,if
any,travel.Phase2XMshadsomesponginessdeliberatelybuiltintothebrakingsystem(byinserting
asleevedspringintothepedallinkage)tomaketheirbrakesfeelmorelikethoseonothercars.

ThePhase2"Hydractive2"carsnolonger"settled"downtothebottomoftheirsuspensiontravel
afterhavingbeenparkedforawhilethisfeaturewastermed"AntiSink"byCitron.Suchsystems
haveevenmorecomplexhydraulicsthan'Sinkers'becauseoftheuseofisolatingvalvesandanextra
sphereneartherear'axle'.Thehydraulicsystemswerealsoalotquieterwhenmaneuveringthiswas
duetothechangesthe"AntiSink"systembrought.Earlycars,'sinkers',hadasingleoutputhydraulic
pumpwhichhaditsoutputdividedintoseparatecircuits,oneforthepowersteeringandoneforthe
suspension/brakecircuits(powersteeringneedsalargeflowratewhereasthesuspension/brakes

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doesn't).ThedevicewhichdoesthisjobiscalledaFDV(FlowDiverterValue),andthisdevice
hissesnoticeablywhenthecarisstandingstillormaneuvering.Aslightpullonthesteeringwheelor
ablipofthethrottlewillstopthehissforafewsecondsorso.Later"AntiSink"carshaveadual
outputpump,referredtoasa6+2pumpduetothenumberofinternalpistonchambers.Suchcars
thereforehavenoneedofthe"FDV"andthereforedonothiss.

TheDIRAVIfunctions
AfunctionmuchmissedbyCitronenthusiastswasthe"DIRAVI"System,previouslypresentintheSM
andCX.ThisoptionwasonlyavailablefortheFrenchorLHDExportmarketandthenonlyonthe3.0V6
models.Thefunctionalityvariedfromcartocar,butsimplyputthesystemaffectssteeringcontrol,atlower
speedslesssteeringcenteringforceaidsparkingandmakecitydrivingeasier,butathigherspeedsthe
systemmakesthesteeringheavierkeepingyouinastraightlineonhighwaysandsuppressingthe"sneeze"
factorinherenttofaststeeringratios.AnotherhelpfulfunctionofDIRAVIisitsabilitytoreturnthesteering
wheeltoitscentralorneutralpositionwhenletgobythedriver,evenwhenthecarisstationary.Thisis
especiallyhelpfulwhenparkingasthedrivercanbeassuredthathisorherwheelswillbeinthecorrect
positionwhentheignitionisturnedoffagainthisfunctionalsoaidshighspeed,straightlinedrivingon
highwaysetc.Althoughanoddsensationtostartwith,mostCitrondriversbecomeaccustomedtoDIRAVI
inaveryshorttime,onlyappreciatingitsuniqueabilitieswhentheyletgoofthesteeringwheelinacar
withoutDIRAVI,onlytofindnothinghappens.DIRAVImakesthetendencyofallcars'steeringtoreturn
tocenterconstantinDIRAVIequippedCitrons,ratherthanbeingaffectedbytireadhesion,roadtilt,tire
pressure,tirefailure,etc.

Variants
Thestandard5doormodelswerecalled"Berline".TheXM
wasalsoavailableasa"Break"(stationwagon)andin
France,TissiercontinuedatraditionbegunwiththeDSand
CX,convertingmanytobeusedasambulancesandspecialised
deliveryvehiclesincludingtheirdistinctivetwinrearaxle
conversions.

AlthoughnotanofficialvariantXMsproducedaround
1992/1993havebeentermedseries1.5carsduetothemixof
newertechnology(developedfortheseries2)withtheseries1
vehicletype.Oneexampleofthisbeingthealterationstothe
"Hydractive"suspensionsystemonsuchcars.Earlyvehicles CitronXMtwinrearaxleambulanceby
(series1)hadasystemthatcouldbeswitchedfrom'Comfort'to Tissier
'Sport'mode,thisdidexactlywhatyouwouldexpectand
firmedupthesuspensiononflickingtheswitchbutthismadeforaharshridewhichCitroenownersdon't
like.SoCitroendeveloped"Hydractive2"suspension(forseries2vehicles)thatalthoughinessencewas
thesameitworkeddifferently,itstillhadtotwostates'hard'and'soft'buttheswitchingwascontrolled
differently.Ingeneralsmoothgentledrivingthesuspensionwouldbein'soft'mode("Normal"mode
accordingtoCitroenonseries2vehicles)whichutilizedall6suspensionspheresandallowed'crossflow'of
fluidfromsidetosideproducingthecharacteristicwaftingride,butassoonasthesuspensionECUsensed

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alargeorsuddenchangeinoneofthesensorsitwouldputthesuspensioninto'hard'modelockingoutthe
extracentrespheresandstoppingthe'crossflow'offluid,thisdramaticallyfirmedupthesuspensionandcut
bodyroll,assoonasthevehiclestabilizedtheECUwouldswitchthesuspensionsystembackinto'soft'
mode.Thisisthebasisof"Hydractive2",asoftcossetingrideallthetimeunlesstheconditionsdemand
otherwise,switchinga"Hydractive2"vehicleinto"Sport"modedoesn'tjustswitchouttheextraspheresas
with"Hydractive1",itsimplyjustnarrowstheparametersthatcausethesuspensiontogointo'hard'mode
andkeepsthesuspensioninthatmodeforlongerbeforedefaultingbackto'soft'mode.Soaseries1.5
vehiclehasthestylingofaseries1butwithsomeofthesuspensionrefinementsoftheseries2vehicles.
Thereareotherdetailchangestotheactualimplementationofthe"Hydractive"butunlessyouare
maintainingthevehicleyourselftheseareunimportant.

Headlightissues
ComponentssupplierValeodesignedtheXM'slampsandasimilardesignwasusedontheEagle
Premier.[70]Thegoalofthedesignwastoreducethesizeofthelampsandtoincreasetheiroutput.The
XM'snew"complexsurface"headlampswerenotpowerfulenoughondippedbeam,[71]thoughmainbeam
wasperfectlyadequate.Thiscouldbetracedtotheuseofaplasticopticalelementbetweenthebulbandthe
outerlens,whichyellowedwithage.

TheXMwasnotalonehereearlyFordMondeossufferedfromthesameproblem.Series2(frommid1994
onwards)LHDXMshadimprovedlightunitswithouttheplasticelement,butslowUnitedKingdomsales
meantthesewereneverfittedtoRHDforms.Headlampretrofitkitsusingdualortripleroundopticsare
availablefromthirdpartysuppliers,thoughthischangestheaestheticsofthecar.Series1carscanbefitted
withseries2headlights.

USimport
TheXMwasimportedintotheUnitedStatesbyCXA,acompany
thathadimportedseveralhundredCX25GTiandPrestigemodel
carsforCitronloyalistsintheUSA.

CxAutopresentedtheXMatthe1991NewYorkMotorShow,in
thespringof1991andbeganconvertingandsellingtheXMPallas
(combinedwiththe2.0injectionengine)andtheXMVitesse
CitronXMhatchback(US) (combinedwiththe3.0V6engine).In1993,theXMExclusivewas
addedtotherange.Unfortunately,theXMcost40%morethanthe
CXPrestige,withapriceinexcessof$50,000andonlyafew
examplesweresold.Asaresultofnewer,tougherUSantipollutionstandards,theimportofthesecars
ceasedin1997.[72]XMpartsmustbesentoverfromEurope.

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Externallinks
CitronXMDocument&PictureDatabase,aresourcewith WikimediaCommonshas
loadsofXMrelatedmaterial. mediarelatedtoCitron
XM.
(http://www.matthijsjansen.eu/Citroen_XM/index.html)
CitronXMForumAfree,friendlyworldwideXMcommunitywithmanytechnicalresourcesand
help(http://www.clubxm.co.uk)
CitronXMSpanishForumForoenEspaol(http://www.clubcitroenxm.com)
http://www.citroenet.org.uk/CitronXM(http://www.citroenet.org.uk/passengercars/psa/xm/xm
index.html)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_XM 21/22
2/17/2015 CitronXMWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

CitronXMsinmovies(http://www.imcdb.org/vehicles.php?make=citroen&model=xm)
CitronXMServiceManual

Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Citron_XM&oldid=647374104"

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