Chemical Hazards

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security
CHEMICAL HAZARDS

Paracelsus, 1493 - 1541
Any substance is toxic, there is none that is not, is the dose that makes the di
fference between a toxic substance and a drug.
"At home or at work, every day we are exposed to various types

chemicals. According to estimates, there are six million chemical compounds, of
which only a small portion has been adequately tested to identify the harmful pr
operties. Therefore, one should handle chemicals with care "
• 22% of workers inhale fumes and vapors for at least a quarter of their working
time • 21% of U.S. workers are exposed to known carcinogens such as benzene (in
fuel) and silica. (32 million) • 16% of workers handle or come into contact wit
h dyes, pesticides, chromium VI (through wet cement) • Two-thirds of the 30,000
most commonly used chemicals in the U.S. not so subject to full and systematic t
oxicological tests. • For substances with known toxicological risks,
only 12% of firms comply with risk prevention.
The inspection, control and handling of chemicals must be made very carefully in
order to protect workers. It is important to deepen our knowledge about the che
mical hazards in the workplace, especially when its possible long-term effects.
Many of the current cases of cancer
professional had their origin
work environments for over two decades ago.
Will thus address the ways in which different chemicals and different methods of
manipulation can affect us, besides examining what measures should be adopted f
or effective protection. Will be discussed: chemicals and their risks Atmosphe
ric pollutants Gas Liquids and vapors Metals Exposure Limits Prevent
ive Personal protective equipment
We are exposed to chemicals via various channels, such as:
A chemical may be harmful in several ways:
respiration
Inhalation
by contact with skin
Absorption
Ingestion
to swallow

The absorption implies that the chemical cross biological membranes
Our body has a certain capacity for disposal of hazardous substances. The liver
and kidneys encarregamse this work, but if we are exposed to a chemical for a lo
ng period of time, our defenses may not be able to neutralize it or delete it.
The substance remains, then stored in our body and may cause health problems. Le
ad and cadmium are examples of this. The first takes too long to be decomposed i
n the body and the second or decomposes.
One must distinguish between an acute (short term) and chronic intoxication (lon
g term).
An acute poisoning in general, is quickly perceived by their short-term effects.
The most common are: dizziness, headaches and vomiting.
Solvents in general, produce these acute effects, transient in nature, acting qu

ickly in the body.
However, solvents can produce, in addition to acute effects, chronic effects on
the nervous system.
Chronic poisoning may result from exposure to hazardous substances for a long pe
riod of time, such as asbeteose, a lung disease.
Poisoning, either acute or chronic, can cause permanent damage. However, if meas
ures are taken to avoid contact with substance, harmful effects may regress.
The extent of damage depends on the toxicity of specific substances.

Temporal relationship between exposure and effect
Poisoning Chronic Disease Professional
Acute Accident
The answer may be:
- Acute - the acute effects are fast. - Chronic - chronic effects are permanent
and durable.
Bioaccumulation:
Increasing the concentration of chemical in the body.
Biomagnification:
Increasing the concentration of chemical passed through the food chain.

Acute Subacute Chronic subchronic
<24 hours one month 1-3 months> 3 months
Several exhibitions generally display a number of exhibitions Multiple exposures

•
It is characterized by exposures of short duration, rapid absorption of the chem
ical agent, a single dose or multiple doses over a period not exceeding 24 hours
. The effects usually appear rapidly, and death or the cure are the immediate re
sult.
Concentration in the Blood and Tissue
•
Exposure limit value
Time (hours minutes)

Repeated exposures over long periods of time. The effects are manifested as:
The toxic agent accumulates in the body, the amount absorbed is greater than tha
t removed, or the effects produced by repeated exposures add up without accumula
tion of the toxic agent
Exposure limit value
Concentration in the Blood and Tissue
Time (weeks / months / years)

MAJOR CATEGORIES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS
In practice, the main chemical risks may include the following:

• Air pollutants (dust and fumes) • Gases • Liquids and vapors (solvents, acids
and bases) • Metals (lead, nickel, chromium, etc.). • Substances that cause cont
act dermatitis

Taking into account the state of aggregation of molecules, as well as the size o
f the particles. • • According to the form of lead dust aerosols A division of p
neumoconiosis according to his ability to penetrate the system.
The four classic ways of presenting their material:
Liquid Gas
Solid Steam
Nitrogen (N2) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Oxygen (O2) ... ..
. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Argon (Ar) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... .. Carbon dioxide (CO2) ... ... ... ... ... Neon (Ne) ... ... ... ... .
.. ... ... ... ... ... ... .. Helium (He) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..
. ... ... Methane (CH4) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... Krypton (Kr) ..
. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Xenon (Xe) ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... Carbon monoxide (CO) ... ... ... ... Hydrogen (H) ... ... ... .
.. ... ... ... ... ... ... Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) ... ... ... ... ... ...
78.09 20.94 0.93 0.035 0.0018 00005 0.0001 0.0001 0.00008 0.00005 0.00005 0.0000
02 0.000001
Ozone (O3) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
SOLID Fiber Dusts Fumes
LIQUID
Mist
Aerosols
GAS FUMES

•
AEROSOL
Dispersion of solid or liquid particles smaller than 100 micrometres in a gaseou
s medium.
+
•
DUST (DUST)
Airborne particles of small size from the physical processes of disintegration.
Their size varies between 0.1 μm and 25 μm
•
TOBACCO (SMOKE)
Suspension of solid particles in the air caused by incomplete combustion process
es. Its size is less than 0.1 micrometers.
•
Neblina (MIST)
Gaseous suspension of droplets of liquid that are generated by condensation from
a gaseous state or by the disintegration of a liquid spray, boiling, etc.. thei
r size varies between 0.001 μm and 10 mm
-
Dust Mist Fume Gases Vapors Insufficient oxygen

For the cilia of the nose - 1st line of defense Mucus Normal breathing reflex co
ugh

Upper airway
Nose Mouth Pharynx Larynx
Irritation of the nasal septum, pharynx and larynx cancer of the pharynx and lar
ynx cancer Bronchial Chronic Bronchitis Bronchoconstriction
Thoracic region
Trachea Bronchi bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts Region Pneumoconiosis Emphysema Sacks alv
eolar gas exchange Alveoli alveolitis Lung cancer

Inhalable fraction (Input from the nose and mouth) TRANCHE THORACIC (penetration
beyond the Larynx) respirable fraction (penetration beyond the bronchioles)
Upper airway
particles <100 ìm particles <25 μm
Chest
Region of gas exchange
particles <10 mm
Indicator of effect
Indicator dose
Dose: Amount of substance that enters the body.

Usually expressed in mg substance / kg body weight - mg / kg
The absorption of many toxic can lead to a multiplication of its effects
SUSPENDED PARTICULATES IN AIR
Particulate matter in the Air

There are many substances in our workplaces, which are suspended in the air in t
he form of particles.
The body can reject or filter out larger particles through the nose or the linin
g of the airways. The particles are trapped in mucus and then expelled by coughi
ng, or are deglutinadas. There is also, in the lungs, certain cells that remove
some particles that have been inhaled.

The ability of our body to protect itself against inhaled particles depends on s
everal factors:
Nature Chemical particle size of particles Number of particles Exposure time at
work
Particle size
The smaller the particle size, the greater the distance they can travel in the a
irways. Some particles can reach the small air sacs that make up the latest rami
fications of the airways - the alveoli - thousands of which make up the lungs.

Chemical nature of the particles
The chemical composition of substances is of great importance going on that meta
ls and metal alloys can cause damage to some internal organs. Examples are lead,
manganese and chromium.

Amount of particles
The concentration of particles, ie the amount of dust and smoke present in the w
orkplace is one of the most important factors in determining the severity of the
risk.

Time of exposure in the workplace
Another important factor, besides the quantity, size and nature of the particles
, is the exposure time.
Cigarette smoking and other activities that diminish the body's resistance to di
sease increases the risk of problems.
DUST
P0EIRAS
Dust
P0EIRAS
Dust and smoke are the types of airborne particles more prevalent in work enviro
nments. Formed as a result of working with various materials. The inhaled dust a
ccumulates in the lungs and cause a reaction in the tissues. This lung disease c
alled "pneumoconiosis," which is still the most common disabling occupational di
sease.
Dust
Smoke
Mist
P0EIRAS
Continuous exposure to dust increases the affected area of the lung and causes a
decrease in breathing capacity. The delicate structure of the alveoli may becom
e fibrous and remain in the lungs as a scar. After several years exposed to dust
, the worker may come to feel shortness of breath and be unfit for work. When th
e lungs begin to develop fibrous areas, the breathing space needed to be reduced
forever.
P0EIRAS
Some examples of pneumoconiosis, with various effects in the lungs, are silicosi
s (caused by the quartz powder) and asbestosis (caused by asbestos dust - asbest
os).
Are known to other types of pneumoconioses.
Therefore the protection of workers in places where there is a high concentratio
n of dust is very important. Harmful airborne particles can also arise in the un
paved streets and factory floors that are not scanned.
Dust
Smoke
Mist
P0EIRAS
QUARTZ POWDER
The quartz powder is produced when working in the processing of certain types of
stones. Silicosis is a possible consequence of prolonged exposure to this dust,
and is characterized by slow destruction of lung tissue, making it difficult to
breath.
Many people have died as a result of silicosis. This also facilitates the develo
pment of tuberculosis.
Dust
Smoke
Mist
P0EIRAS
ASBESTOS
Asbestos is a fibrous silicate used in various situations: • insulating material
for protection against heat and fire • building materials (walls, forums, etc..
) • In the components used in rubber seals
The powder is composed of asbestos fiber-like wires that penetrate the lungs and
destroy the tissue.
Dust
Smoke
Mist
P0EIRAS
Once the fiber penetrated the lung, it never will leave. The asbestos dust can c
ause asbeteose disease that develops in the same way that silicosis. Decades may
pass before the first symptoms are noticed, one being the lack of air. In many
cases, asbeteose can cause cancer of the lung or the alveoli.
Images of the Asbestos (Asbestos)
Where there is asbestos?

In factory buildings with office space and workshops • Inputs d air ventilation
(on rooftops) with sound baffles and air
Conditioning • Partitions • cement walls and doors of fire suppression • sanitar
y and heating boilers, plumbing and caulking (in basement) • Lining Fire in stee
l beams • Guards against sparks in electrical, etc.. • Fibre cement tiles and gl
ues • inks • Lining the bottom of plastic mats
Where is the Asbestos (Asbestos)
Where is the Asbestos (Asbestos)

Diseases associated with air pollutants Pneumoconieses
Pneumoconiosis
1 2 Anthracosis pulmonary silicosis Silicosis 3 + 4 mixed dust silicosis: coagul
ative necrosis and fibrosis Pulmonary Asbestosis 5 6 Pneumoconiosis of coal mine
rs Berylliosis 7
Dust
Smoke
Mist
NORMAL LUNGS
Alveoli bronchioles
Cilia
Anthracosis pulmonary
The pigment is composed of small black grains, and carbon particles from the air
and do not cause lung injury.
Silicosis
Silica, which consists of particles as small colorless refractile crystals, whic
h now shine, sometimes disappear, depending on the depth of focus. This is becau
se the silica particles (a form of quartz) behave like tiny lenses.
Pulmonary asbestosis
Asbestosis in the lung, there is deposition of asbestos fibers in the bronchiole
s and in parts of the pleural surface, leading to chronic inflammation and fibro
sis in these places.
GASES

Invisible contaminants in the air, which are tiny particles, pass through the lu
ngs, are deposited in the bloodstream and can reach the brain, kidneys and other
organs.
Gases
Vapors
GASES
Some gases and vapors have a strong and irritating odor, which functions as a da
nger signal. However, there are odorless gas that quickly or reduce our ability
to perceive or hazard assessment, representing therefore a much greater risk.
The gases may spread into the workplace through various chemical processes, or g
as leaks.

GASES
Usually distinguished two types of gases: Gases • irritants which have a corrosi
ve or irritating effect on respiratory aims • Gases that are absorbed by the blo
od and affect certain internal organs
GASES
The chlorine and sulfur dioxide are examples of irritating gases and can damage
the lungs when they come in high concentrations.
GASES
FORMATION OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE
GASES
Other gases are phosgene and nitrous gases. These do not cause irritation when b
reathing, which may serve as a warning as to its presence in the environment. •
The phosgene is formed when, for example, trichlorethylene or tetrachlorethylene
come into contact with hot surfaces or open flames. • The nitrous gases are for
med when oxygen and nitrogen from the air are very heated, as with the welding p
rocess.

GASES
Carbon monoxide, sulfuric acid and radon are examples of gases that affect the i
nternal organs. • Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that binds to the
elements of our blood that transport oxygen faster than oxygen itself. Exposure
to certain levels of carbon monoxide can result in acute health problems or dea
th.
CO concentration to 30 feet tall on a road where cars go 300 per hour

GASES
It is necessary to mention another problem: • Lack of oxygen, which can occur in
closed environments (silos, tanks, containers for chemical reactions, watertigh
t compartments, etc..), Representing a very dangerous situation that can quickly
be fatal. • Oxygen can be removed from the air, for example due to an excess of
carbon monoxide produced by fermentation, a slow oxidation during production of
the rust, etc..
For these reasons, the establishment of appropriate procedures for working indoo
rs and supervision of their compliance arrangements are very important.
GASES
Insufficient oxygen is produced in confined areas, when the oxygen content is be
low 21%. It can be caused by: A chemical reaction. Fire. Or displacement of oxyg
en by another gas.
GASES
CARBON MONOXIDE OR OTHER GASES IN confined spaces
LIQUID AND VAPORS
Solvents
Vapors and droplets of solvents represent one of the most common risks to worker
health. Solvents have the ability to dissolve other substances mainly oils and
fats. Moreover evaporate easily. Occurs when the evaporation of a solvent, the v
apor becomes part of the air we inhale, and is then transported by our blood to
internal organs such as brain and liver.

Solvents
Their ability to dissolve substances may also affect the skin and mucous membran
es. Some solvents can also be absorbed by inhalation. The greater the ability to
dissolve oils or fats, the greater the solvent effect on the central nervous sy
stem. Symptoms of a brief exposure to solvents are: • Dizziness • Headaches • Fa
tigue • Decreased ability to reason
• Increased reaction time to

Solvents
These effects disappear quickly, but increase the risk of accidents.
• It is known long ago that the solvents that are absorbed and stored in the bod
y have the same effect as an anesthetic. • In fact, many solvents were formerly
used as anesthetics, intoxicating people and producing a state of sleep. • In ex
treme cases, the effect of anesthetic results in
loss of consciousness and death.
Solvents
Solvents
Solvents REMEMBER:
Some factors influencing the ability of a solvent to cause damage: • Viscosity o
f the solvent: solvents with low viscosity spread more
quickly indoors. • Concentration in air: the amount of solvent present in the at
mosphere can be assessed through the use of certain measuring devices. • Exposur
e time: the longer the exposure time, the higher the
risks of harmful effects.
Acidic and alkaline substances
• The acidic and alkaline substances are corrosive and can
cause damage to skin and eyes,per contact.
• A corrosive mist can be formed from the fatty and
damage in the airways and lungs.
The hydrochloric acid, sulfuric, nitric and Chromic are especially dangerous.

• The alkaline substances have the function, among others, removing the fat from
metallic objects.
Caustic soda and ammonia are examples of alkaline substances.
The contact with these substances can cause serious skin burns, unless you wash
the spot immediately with large amounts of water.
GENETIC EFFECTS
Genetic Effects
Risks can generate genetic effects that are difficult to detect.
The exposure of women and men to different chemicals over a long period of time
could cause very serious birth defects in their future children.
As this type of effect can not be detected immediately, we must inform us and al
ways be aware of the risks that are present in our day-to-day.
Genetic Effects
There are suspicions that many substances used at work may alter the woman's egg
and the sperm of man, and therefore can harm a future embryo. Even the fumes pr
oduced by diesel can cause genetic changes.
METALS
Metals and other hazardous chemicals

Many metals and metal alloys present in the workplace. Some metals can cause dam
age to our body, such as lead, cadmium and mercury. The heating of the lead (as
in the manufacture of batteries or the welding process) or the mercury can easil
y cause a concentration of these substances in the air.

The salt absorption by the body can lead to various degrees of intoxication, and
may also harm the nervous system. The Other examples of dangerous metals are ch
romium, cobalt and nickel, widely used in metallurgical industries. These metals
can cause cancer, especially in the respiratory tract.
Nickel allergy and
Cobalt

Dust or metal fumes are produced by welding processes, paint spray gun, etc..
Some alloys of chromium and nickel can be absorbed by the blood through the lung
s, and then damage other body organs. They can also cause allergies.
Skin diseases
Various skin diseases of occupational origin are due to skin contact with hazard
ous chemicals. Occupational contact dermatitis (or eczema) represents the vast m
ajority of cases of occupational dermatoses. Human skin has a very thin, with th
e exception of the palms and soles. Serves as a barrier to some extent, against
physical trauma, heat and cold, microorganisms and chemicals. Despite these defe
nses, and skin damaged by wounds, by contact with alkaline substances, or other
substances. Toxic substances can be absorbed through the skin.
Although not very common, absorption through the skin can cause widespread poiso
ning, as with mercury, lead and some pesticides. Eczema resulting from contact w
ith chemicals is much more common in some countries; eczema accounts for nearly
half of the diseases considered by social security systems. The eczema appears p
rofessional workers in various fields: construction, engineering, textile indust
ry, chemical industry, printing presses, cleaning workers, painters, hairdresser
s, Industry plastics, rubber, leather, electrical equipment, plating, etc..
EXPOSURE LIMITS
Definitions
TOXICOLOGY
It is the science that studies the effects produced by harmful chemical substanc
es on living organisms.

Definitions
TOXICITY
Inherent capability to produce chemical or an adverse effect on harmful organism
alive

Areas of Toxicology
Areas of Toxicology
Food Toxicology
Environmental Toxicology
Toxicology of drugs
Occupational Toxicology
Toxicology social
Aspects
Clinical
Analytical
legislation
Investigation
Introduction
For most toxic substances, there is a relationship between the quantity of the s
ubstance that is absorbed by the body and its health effects. Knowledge of this
dose - effect relationship can assess the risk of exposure and, consequently, to
set a safe limit for exposure of work.
This limit is called
"Exposure limit".
Introduction
The exposure limit of a substance is much lower, the higher the risk involved (l
ow exposure = high risk). The boundaries of some substances have been reduced ba
sed on results of recent research, which showed a greater risk of health problem
s, including cancer. The environmental monitoring work is done by measuring the
concentration of a substance in the air, and the value is compared with the expo
sure limit.

Physicochemical properties of substances Conditions of exposure biological facto
rs Environmental factors
The dose of absorption via the type of injury the severity of injury time for th
e appearance of the lesion
Temperature, humidity, time of day, Stress
Absorption, distribution, biotransformation Age, sex, weight, genetic difference
s, health status, metabolic conditions (home, work) exposure to other substances

EXPOSURE
It is a measure of contact between the chemical agent and the body. It is a func
tion of concentration and time.

The evaluation of toxicity is by studies: Qualitative (not measurable) and quant
itative (measurable). Tests using the most common acute and chronic toxicity.
Lethal dose 50 (LD50):
Corresponds to the dose of a substance required to cause death in 50% of experim
ental animals. Can identify symptoms of poisoning and toxic dose.
Lethal concentration 50 (LC50):
Expresses the concentration of a toxic air breathed in and cause
death in 50% of animals. Expressed in ppm / hour
Expressed concentrations in the air of workplaces of various substances, below w

hich it finds that workers are exposed to no risk, for a time of 8 hours per day
or 40 hours per week.

Action level
It is equal to half the ELVs for a time of 8 hours per day or 40 hours per week.
It means that where this value is exceeded, are recommended preventive measures.

EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUE FOR MIXTURES OF TOXIC PRODUCTS THAT HAVE THE SAME EFFECT ON
MAN
VLE = C1 + C2 +
D1 D2
Cn + D3
THE VALUE OF VLE VLE is ULTRAPASADO SE> 1

C> VLE
Dangerous situation remedies Implementation Status of Evaluation alert 2 in 2 mo
nths
VLE <C <VLE 2
Situation Assessment normal safe
C <VLE 2

An atmosphere of a workplace contains:
Acetone ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... Butyl acetate 400 ppm ... ...
... .... ... ... .... 150 ppm Methyl ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 100 ppm
SUBSTANCE Acetone Methyl butyl acetate
VLE 500 ppm 200 ppm 200 ppm
C1 400 ppm 150 ppm 100 ppm
The VLE ESTIMATE AND PREDICT THE RISK IN THIS EXISTING DESK JOB?

VLE = 400 + 150 + 100 500 200 200 Logo VLE VLE = 2.05> 1
HAZARDOUS SITUATION
In the absence of indications to the contrary may be assumed that the effects of
the various components of the mixture are additive.

• Results of first experience with a new substance • LD 50 and LC 50 is the dose
of a chemical required to cause death in 50% of animals in experimentation.
100
Response (Percent)
50
Lethal dose
DL 50
5 10 15 20 Dose (mg) 25 30 35
0
The dose - effect is the correlation between exposure dose and the magnitude of
a specific effect on a particular individual.
The dose - response relationship is the correlation between exposure dose and th
e proportion of individuals within a defined group, which have a specific effect
with a magnitude determined.

Toxicity Criteria
CATEGORY
DL 50
Oral rat (mg.Kg-¹)
DL 50
Mouse skin (mg.Kg-¹)
DL 50
Inhalation rat (mg.Kg-¹)
VERY TOXIC TOXIC
≤ 25
≤ 25
≤ 0.5
25-200
50-400
0.5 to 2
HARMFUL
200 - 2000
400 - 2000
20-20
Toxicity 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Practically non-toxic Slightly ... ... ... ... ... ..
. non-toxic. Moderately toxic ... ... ... .. Very toxic ... ... ... ... ... ...
... .... Extremely toxic ... ... ... .... Super toxic ... ... ... ... ... ... ..
. ....
Dose, mg / kg> 15,000 5000-15 .000 500-5000 50-500 5-50 <5

Toxicity
Sucrose Sodium bicarbonate Sodium chloride Ethanol
LD 50 mg / kg
29. 4220 700 3000 2080 192 113 24 6.4 1 0.14 0.001
Caffeine DDT Sarin Gas

Sodium cyanide Nicotine Gas VX TCDD

Chemical
Strychnine Fluoacetato sodium Nicotine Phosgene
Toxic effect
Heart and nervous system nervous system toxic effects Respiratory System

Chemical Hazards

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Chemical Hazards

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HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

"At home or at work, every day we are exposed to various types

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

Solvents in general, produce these acute effects, transient in nature, acting qu

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

Poisoning Chronic Disease Professional

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

Time (hours minutes)

Time (weeks / months / years)

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

In practice, the main chemical risks may include the following:

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

Dust Mist Fume Gases Vapors Insufficient oxygen

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

Dose: Amount of substance that enters the body.

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

The absorption of many toxic can lead to a multiplication of its effects

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

SUSPENDED PARTICULATES IN AIR

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

Particulate matter in the Air

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

Particulate matter in the Air

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

Particulate matter in the Air

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

Images of the Asbestos (Asbestos)

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

Where there is asbestos?

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

Where is the Asbestos (Asbestos)

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

Where is the Asbestos (Asbestos)

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Security

CO concentration to 30 feet tall on a road where cars go 300 per hour