j

FLUID MECHANICS

a
Instructor: Reginald Lourd Raj R

Formula Sheet

Laminar Viscous Flows (Exact Solutions of the Navier-Stokes Equation):

Channel Flow:

R
1. Velocity Distribution (See Fig(a),(b))

Uy 1 dp
(hy y 2 )

r d
u
u=
h 2 dx

o
2. Shear Stress Distribution Elementary Turbulent Flow:

du U dp

h
 Darcy Weisbach Equation:

L
= = y
dy h dx 2
f LV 2 4fF LV 2
Plane Couette Flow: hf = hf =
2gd 2gd

1. Velocity Distribution (See Fig(c))

2. Shear Stress Distribution

u=
Uy
h

a l d f = Darcy friction factor.

hf =

fF = Fanning friction factor.

8f LQ2
2 gd5
hf =

f = 4fF
32fF LQ2
2 gd5

n
du U 64

i
= = For Laminar Flow, f = , and for Turbulent flow, f is selected from the Moody Diagram.
dy h Re
Governing Equations in 2-D cylindrical axisymmetric co-ordinates

g
Plane Poiseulle Flow:
Continuity equation:
1

e
(rur ) + (ux ) = 0
1. Velocity Distribution (See Fig(d)) r r x
Navier-Stokes equations with constant and , and no body force:
1 dp Axial direction:
(hy y 2 )

R
u=
2 ux
   
2 dx ux ux ux 1 p 1 ux
+ ur + ux = + r +
t r x x r r r x2
2. Shear Stress Distribution (See Fig(d)) Radial direction:
2 ur
   
  ur ur ur 1 p 1 ur ur
du dp h + ur + ux = + r 2 +
= = y t r x r r r r r x2
dy dx 2
 FLUID MECHANICS
Instructor: Reginald Lourd Raj R

Formula Sheet
S.No Plane Poiseulle Flow(U = 0) Pipe Flow

u ux

j
1. Fully Developed Condition =0 =0
x x

a
2. Continuity v = 0 everywhere ur = 0 everwhere

p p
3. y(or r)-Momentum =0 =0

R
y r

2u
 
1 p 1 p ux
4. x-Momentum = 2 = r
x y x r r r

dp
dx
= constant

r
dp
dx
d= constant

5. Velocity Profile u=
1 dp
2 dx

du
(hy y 2 )

dp


o h
 uux =

dux
1 dp 2
4 dx
(R r2 )

r dp

L
6. Shear Stress = = y = =
dy dx 2 dr 2 dx

7. umax /uav 1.5 2

8. Maximum Velocity, umax

9. Average Velocity, uav

ald u(y = h/2) =

uav =
1 dp 2
h
1 dp 2
8 dx
h ux (r = 0) =

ux,av =
1 dp 2
R
1 dp 2
4 dx
R

n
12 dx 8 dx

g
10. Pressure drop, p

i p =
12uav L
h2
p =
32uav L
D2

R

e
11. Head Lost due to Friction, hL

hL =
p
g

=
f Lu2av
2gD
hL =
12uav L
gh2
hL =

hL =

32uav L
gD2

64
Re

L
D

u2av
2g
=
f Lu2av
2gD

12. Pumping Power, W = p Q
W = p Q
W