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Plasma Antenna
Chintan Patel11, Nadeem Masani12, Tushar Parekh13
1
Undergraduate Student, Electronics And Telecommunications Engineering Department,
Dwarkadas J. Sanghvi College Of Engineering, Mumbai, India.
I. Introduction
Neutral molecules can be separated into positive ions and II. Working
negative ions using ionization process which helps in
generation of plasma. Electrons are much lighter than In plasma antenna, ionized gas is being enclosed in the tube
positive ions and neutral ions. Thus electrons are considered and the gas acts as the conducting material of the antenna.
to be moving through stationary fluid of ions and neutrals When this gas is ionized to a plasma state it becomes
with some friction. The propagation characteristics of conductive replacing the metals which were used in
electromagnetic (EM) waves in a uniform ionized medium traditional antenna. The plasma antenna generates localized
can be inferred from the equation of motion of a single concentrations of plasma to form a plasma mirror which
typical electron. Such a medium is called cold plasma. [1] deflects a Radio Frequency (RF) beam. The plasma can be
freely moved to the desired geometry of the reflector by
The positive and negative charges in neutral plasma are plasma diode which enables the beam to be steered quickly
uniformly distributed. Hence they appear electrically neutral without the need for mechanical motion.[2] When the gas is
at a macroscopic scale. Disturbance causes displacement of not ionized, it allows other antennas to transmit and receive
charges which gives rise to plasma oscillations. The without any interference which is a very useful feature.
displacement of charges sets up an electric field that restores
them to the equilibrium position. Opposite electric field is III. Plasma Reflectors
setup when inertia carries the charges back to their neutral
positions. Unless cold plasma has drift velocity or is finite Plasma behaves as a reflector if the frequency is lower than
and has normal modes that arise from boundary conditions, the plasma frequency. The reflection occurs at a critical
in this plasma oscillations dont generally propagate. surface inside of the plasma. The interesting of this is the
rapid inertia-less two dimensional scanning, frequency
In warm plasma the electron thermal velocity cannot be selectivity and potential wideband frequency performance.[3]
ignored, but non-relativistic mechanics still apply. The spatial Plasma reflectors can be created using laser and optics using
variations in temperature and density over a wavelength drive a sequence of line discharges forming a sheet of plasma.
the particle currents, along with the electric field of the EM
wave passing through. Generally, for antenna applications,
cold plasma can be assumed [1].