e-ISSN (O): 2348-4470

Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF): 4.72

p-ISSN (P): 2348-6406

International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research

Development
Volume 4, Issue 2, February -2017

Evaporative Emission Control System Prototype Model

(Charcoal Canister Used in Two Wheeler)

Rajguru Prasad1, Naikade Akshay2, Sandbhor Omkar 3, Kad Akshay4, Vavhal Prashant 5

1234
Student, Mechanical Engineering Diploma, Pk technical campus, chakan
5
Guide, Mechanical Engineering, Pk Technical campus, chakan

Abstract In 21st century the whole world is undergoing shortage of gasoline fuels like petrol and diesel because of the
increasing demand of such fuels. We are unable to overcome the problem properly till date. Thus, we need to use these
fuels in properly manner. Hence its necessary to increase in mileage of the vehicle using the different new ideas. Now a
days pollution is one of the problems. The automotive emissions are one of the factors which cause air pollution which
effect on the human health. The positive idea used to increase the mileage of the vehicle by recirculating evaporative fuel
from fuel tank for this process the instrument is used named Charcoal canister. And the system implemented is known
as Evaporative Vapor Locking And Controlling System.

Keywords- Charcoal canister, fuel absorption, anti-diffusion layer, fuel vapor, nonlinear passages, catalytic converter.

I. INTRODUCTION

The need to control the emission from the automobile gave rise to the computerization of automobile.
Hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of hydrogen are created during the combustion process and are emitted
into the atmosphere from the tail pipe. There are also hydrocarbons emitted as the result of vaporization of gasoline
and from the crankcase of the automobile. The clean air act of 1977 set limits to the amount of each of these
pollutants that could be emitted from automobile.
The manufacturer answer was the addition of the certain pollution control devices and the creation of self-
adjusting engine. 1981 saw the first of these self-adjusting engines. They were called feedback fuel control system.
An oxygen sensor was installed in the exhaust system and would measure the fuel content of the exhaust stream. it
then would it then would send the signal to the microprocessor, which h would analyze the reading and operate a
fuel mixture or air mixture device to create the proper air/fuel ratio.
As computer system progressed, they are able to adjust ignition spark timing as well operate the other
emission control that were installed on vehicle. The computer is also capable of monitoring and diagnosing itself. If
a fault is seen, the computer will alert the vehicle operated by illuminating a malfunction indicator lamp. The
computer will at the same time record the fault in its memory, so that a technician can a later date retrieve that fault
in the front of code which will help them determine proper repair. Some of the more popular emission control
devices installed on the vehicle are charcoal canister, catalytic converter, EGR .
Approximately 20% of all hydrocarbons (HC) emission from the automobiles originates from evaporative
sources. The evaporative emission control system is designed to store and dispose of fuel vapors normally created in
the fuel system thereby, preventing its escapes to the atmosphere. The EEC system delivers these vapors to the
intake manifold to be burned with the normal air/fuel mixture.

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

In the severe situations experienced in the exhaust stream with temperatures up to 1000C the metal in the
catalyst is disposed to deactivation by sintering, leading to a decrease in surface area and hence catalytic activity. The
conventional means to meet constriction legislative emissions control goals is simply to increase the amount of PGM in
the auto catalyst. The requirement to guarantee catalyst performance over the distinctive vehicle lifetime of 80,000 km
also means that excess metal must be added, since the performance of the catalyst drops off over time. In addition rising
PGM request and costs are inducements towards attaining lower metal loadings and higher activity. The compounds of
the PGM are generally considered highly toxic while the Pd and Rh are carcinogenic in nature. Due to the fact that the
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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 4, Issue 2, February -2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

PGM are created due to the scrape of an automotive catalyst washcoat. That is why the road traffic is responsible for
metallic and organic pollutant emissions which contaminate the environment. The catalytic converters in the exhaust
system developworsened by several mechanisms e.g. thermal deterioration and poisoning. Thermal deterioration occurs
as a result of contact of the catalyst to high temperature conditions. This cause sintering of the PGM, loss of provision
surface area and phase transformation. Poison also cause loss of activity mainly by obstructive the pores leading to active
sites or even by direct impasse of the active sites themselves.

III. OBJECTIVE

Objective for this project can be started clearly that is :-

1) To reduced losses of fuel near about 15%.

2) To increase Fuel efficiency.
3) To decrease Emissions.
4) To decreases the Effect of global warming.
5) There is no more maintenance cost after implementation of E.E.C. system because charcoal canister runs up to
30,000 miles.
IV. CONSTRUCTION

The construction of Charcoal Canister is designed to improve emission control. It does not harm performance a lot of
folks remove these thinking they are gaining something. Leave it in there it truly helps emission control and has no
adverse effects. It has two vacuum lines going to it. One come From the fuel tank, and one goes to the Evaporative Purge
Valve.
This device is really simple. Think of it as a fuel vapor filter. Whenever the car is warmed up and the Purge and
Thermo valves are working correctly, fuel vapors from the fuel tank get sucked through it and into the intake system by
manifold vacuum. Thats about it. No moving parts to test or wear out. The only possible Fault it can have is a physical
damage causing a vacuum leak. Testing it is really simple. Take the two lines off of it so you can blow through them and
into the canister. Plug one line with your finger and blow into the other one. If you cant blow into it then its fine. If you,
its leaking. Remove it, find the leak and seal it with epoxy. That will make it good as new.

V. WORKING

1) An anti-diffusion layer is provided between a first fuel adsorption layer communicated with fuel tank and a second
fuel adsorption layer communicated with air.

2) Since absorbing ability of the anti-diffusion layer is lower than that of the first and second fuel absorption layer, pore
diffusion of the fuel vapor from the fuel absorption layer to the second fuel absorption layer is reduced.

3) Since, the anti-diffusion layer forms a plurality of nonlinear passages; air diffusion of the fuel vapor is reduced.

4) Therefore, the diffusion of fuel vapor is suppressed with a thin, small and simple anti-diffusion layer, and the canister
can be simplified and the reduction of the number of parts and the cost there of can be realized.

5) Conventional activated charcoal canister which is packed with activated charcoal absorbs fuel vapour evaporated from
fuel tank under high temperature when an engine is not running.

6) With the engine running, the fuel vapor which is absorbed by the canister is desorbed and led into combustion
chamber of the engine by air which is led into canister by negative pressure of the engine.

7) The fuel vapor which is absorbed by the canister moves inside a pore of the activated charcoal and diffuses through
one pore to another between neighboring activated charcoal as time elapses.

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 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD)
Volume 4, Issue 2, February -2017, e-ISSN: 2348 - 4470, print-ISSN: 2348-6406

8) Furthermore, when fuel of the fuel tank contracts with decreasing temperature, an air flow inside the canister (back
purging) is caused by decreased pressure in fuel tank.

9) This back purging causes a desorption from the pores and a diffusion into the air of the absorbed fuel vapor.

10) Therefore, the fuel vapor may be released into the air even before the canister reaches the theoretical limit of
adsorbing capacity.

Fig.(a): charcoal Canister Fig.(b):Whole Assembly

REFERENCES

1. Carbon Bed Fires & the use of Carbon Canister for Air Emission Control on Fixed-roof Tank, Robert A.
Zerbonia,cybele M. Brocckman & Paul Peterson,Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association,ISSN
1047 3289,2001
2. Automobile Engineering(Volume:-2),Kripal Singh,Standard Publication,2014
3. I.C. Engine ,Mathur & Sharma,Dhanpat Rai Publication,2012
4. Air Emissions Issues Related to Two and Three-Wheeled Motor Vehicles, Prepared for ICCT by Meszler
Engineering Services, July 2007.
5. Research into New Emission Control Techniques for Motorcycles to Achieve the Euro-3 Regulation, S.
Akamatsu, T. Kono, H. Miyata and M. Uraki, SAE 2004-32-003

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