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2. The gross floor area shall include, in addition to the main assembly room or space, any occupied
connecting room or space in the same storey or in the storeys above or below, where entrance is
common to such rooms and spaces and they are available for use by the occupants of the assembly place.
No deductions shall be made in the gross area for corridors, closets or other sub-divisions; the area shall
include all space serving the particular assembly occupancy.
SERVICES FOR BUILT ENVIRONMENT Shrutiniwas Sharma
Water Quantity Estimation
Consumption
S. no. Type of Building
litres/head/day
1 Factories
a) where bath rooms are required to be provided 45
b) where no bath rooms are required to be provided 30
2 Hospital (including laundry):
a) Numberof beds not exceeding 100 340 per bed
Water Requirements for b) Numberof beds exceeding 100 450 per bed
Buildings Other than 3 Nurses homes and medical quarters 135
Residences 4 Hostels 135
(Clause 4.1.2) 5 Hotel (Up to 4 Star) 180
6 Hotel (5 Star and above) 320
7 Offices 45
8 Restaurants 70
9 Cinemas,concert halls and theatres 15
10 Schools:
a) Day schools 45
b) Boarding schools 135
NOTE- For calculating water demand for visitors a consumption of 15 litres/head/day may
be taken.
SERVICES FOR BUILT ENVIRONMENT Shrutiniwas Sharma
Water Quantity Estimation
Consumption
S. no. Nature of Station/Terminal
litres/head/day
Water Requirements for Junction stations and intermediate stations where mail or
2
express storage is provided
Traffic/Terminal Stations
a) where bathing facilities are provided 70
(Clause 4.1.3)
b) where bathing facilities are not provided 45
3 Terminal stations 45
4 International and domestic airports 70
NOTES
1. The number of persons shall be determined by average number of passengers handled
by the station daily; due consideration maybe given to the staff and vendors likely to use
facilities.
Drawbacks:
Depends on accuracy of national population estimate.
Does not consider the abnormal or special conditions which can lead to population shifts from
one city to another.
SERVICES FOR BUILT ENVIRONMENT Shrutiniwas Sharma
Population Forecasting Methods
Logistic Curve Method
The three factors responsible for changes
in population are :
a) Births,
b) Deaths and
c) Migrations.
Logistic curve method is based on the
hypothesis that when these varying
influences do not produce extraordinary
changes, the population would probably
follow the growth curve characteristics of
living things within limited space and with
limited economic opportunity.
The curve is S-shaped and is known as
logistic curve.
SERVICES FOR BUILT ENVIRONMENT Shrutiniwas Sharma
Population Forecasting Methods
Logistic Curve Method
A mathematical solution for this logistic curve JN, which can be represented by an autocatalytic
first order equation, is given by
where, P = Population at any time t from the origin J;
Ps = Saturation population;
P0= Population of the city at the start point J;
K = Constant;
t = Time in years
There are, in general, four different types of pipe networks; any one of which either singly or in
combinations, can be used for a particular place.
Disadvantages
Due to many dead ends, stagnation of water occurs in pipes.
Advantages
Water is kept in good circulation due
to the absence of dead ends.
In the cases of a breakdown in some
section, water is available from some
other direction.
Disadvantages
Exact calculation of sizes of pipes is
not possible due to provision of
valves on all branches.
SERVICES FOR BUILT ENVIRONMENT Shrutiniwas Sharma
Ring System
The supply main is laid all along the
peripheral roads and sub mains
branch out from the mains.
This system also follows the grid iron
system with the flow pattern similar
in character to that of dead end
system.
So, determination of the size of
pipes is easy.
Advantages and disadvantages are
the same as grid iron system.