Intellecutal disability Indicators: poor social skills, low frustration

tolerance, aggression, low self esteem

Diagnostic tests:Standardized testing
Most important features: sub-average IQ
with deficits in adaptive behavior, difficulty in
generalized skills

Developmental disabilities Key indicators: missing important

milestones (talking, walking, eating, etc.)
Diagnostic tests: developmental screening
Most important features: not being able to
perform tasks that a child of that age should
be able to do

learning disability Key indicators: slow pace of reading,

excessive misspellings, poor listening
comprehension
Diagnostic tests: Response to Intervention
Most important features: difficulty reading,
listening,speaking, writing, or performing
basic academic skills

Emotional/behavioral disorder Key indicators: general pervasive mood of

immaturity, negativity, unhappiness,
frustration or depression
Diagnostic tests:Behavioral and adaptive
functioning clinical tests are given by a
psychologist.
Most important features: inability to learn
that cannot be explained by intellectual,
sensory or health factors
Inability to build or maintain healthy
relationships
Tendency to develop physical symptoms or
fears associated with personal or school
problems

Autism Spectrum disorders Key indicators: nonverbal, low social

interaction, low education skills
Diagnostic tests: There is no medical test
that can diagnose autism.
Most important features: anger and or
behavior plan, resistant to change, visual
learner instead of verbal, gifted in a certain
area
Communication disorders Key indicators: struggles to say or sound
words, doesnt understand or follow along to
what you are saying,can not interact
socially,says only a few sounds not words.
Diagnostic tests: screening of social
communication skills
Most important features:takes longer to
read, get words out, and not pronouncing
words correctly. Speech will always need
help.

Hearing deafness Key indicators: Misidentification of sounds,

defective speech, minimal vocabulary,
inability to identify sources of sounds,
Diagnostic tests: tuningforks,
Audiometertests
Most important features: need for help of
hearing aid, audiologist, or more, loud or soft
voice, slow at processing conversations or
sounds

Low vision Key indicators: out-of-the-ordinary reading

behaviors, delays and limitations in motor,
cognitive,and social development;
dysfunction of eye muscles, need for special
seating arrangements, large print,
adjustments of lighting, braille, zoom text
software
Diagnostic tests: Snellen Test, Tonometry
test, Ocular Motility Assessment, Visual field
test
Most important features:Pain such as
headaches, swollen or red-rimmed eyes,
squinting

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Key indicators: fails to finish tasks, is easily
distracted, forgetfulness, has difficulties
sitting still
Diagnostic tests: theres is no single test to
diagnose ADHD, doctors tend to rely
on:Interviews with the parents, relatives,
teachers, or other adults, personally watching
the child or adult, psychological tests.
Most important features: extreme
inattention, impulsivity, high energy level,
acts before thinking