Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
of
ALLUVIAL CHANNELS
Pierre Y. Julien
Colorado State University
Santiago del Estero,
Argentina
November 2011
1
Objectives
2
Presentation Content
3
Main characteristics of meandering channels
4
Meander Belt, Wb
Meandering Meander Width, Mm
Channel
0
Geometry u
m
Meander Geometry Variables
L = length of meander along the channel
, Meander Length
R
x = Distance along the thalweg Loop
R = Radius of curvature
Rmin = Minimum radius of curvature Rmin
= Orientation angle
m = Maximum orientation angle
Wb = Belt width
Wm = Meander width Convex
= Length of meander Inner Bank
Loop
Inflection points
Concave
Outer Bank
5
Sine-Generated Curve
Meander pattern can
be approximated by a
sine-generated curve
2x
m cos
L
stream angle
m max angle
x downstream distance
L channel length
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Radius of Curvature
L 2x
R csc x
2 m L m
R
L
Rm
2 m
R radius of curvature
R m minimum radius of curvature
x=L
m max orientation angle
x downstream distance
L length of channel From Julien (2002)
7
Sinuosity
= wavelength
sinuosity
meander wavelength
L length of channel
From Julien (2002)
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Length and Width
Meander Belt Width
Wm = Meander
Width
= meander
wavelength
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Lateral Migration of Meandering Channels
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Presentation Content
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Mechanics of sediment transport in curved channels
tan ~ 11 h/R
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Particle Stability on Slopes
From the method of moments,
different particle sizes
move in different directions
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Sediment Transport in Sharp Bends
Laboratory experiments show that
fine sand can deposit where
coarse sand cannot, i.e. point bars
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Roaring River Alluvial Fan:
Dramatic change in sediment supply
Single channel Qs since flood has resulted
forming in reduced number of
bifurcations and a central
channel is forming.
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Sediment Transport in Sharp Bends
Field measurements in the
sharp bends of the Fall River, Colorado
demonstrate that particles of different sizes
move in different directions.
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Presentation Content
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Numerical modeling of meander migration
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Sediment Transport
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Bank Erosion
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Lateral Migration
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Meandering Simulations
Initial Conditions
sine-generated
deflection angle 30
discharge 2.1 l/s
width 0.4 m
length 13.2 m
sediment size 0.45 mm
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Meandering Evolution
Example starting from a straight channel
on the Rio Puerco, New Mexico
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Meandering Simulations
T=1.5 hrs
T=6 hrs
T=12 hrs
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Meandering Simulations
T=20 hrs
Transitional Meanders
T=32 hrs
Final Meanders
from Duan and Julien (J. Hydrol., 2010)
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Meandering Evolution
Stage 1 - Downstream Extension
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Meandering Evolution
Stage 2 - Lateral Extension
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Meandering Evolution
Stage 3 Near Equilibrium
Tanana River, Alaska
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Meandering Evolution
Stage 4 - Upstream Migration
Tanana River, Alaska
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Meandering Evolution
Stage 5 - Rotation and Cutoff
Tanana River, Alaska
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Presentation Content
31
Morphology of chute and neck cutoffs
Chute cutoffs Neck cutoffs
Occur when river cuts through Lateral migration increases
the point bar, thus decreasing sinuosity of the channel until
sinuosity two bends connect
Channel forms a middle bar. Sedimentation plug forms an
abandoned channel called
oxbow lake.
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Natural Chute Cutoffs
Often in
response
to an
increase in
sediment
load
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Natural Neck Cutoffs
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Oxbow Lake
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Presentation Content
36
River engineering and management
Mississippi River near Greenville, MS
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Example of Engineered Cutoffs
Earth plug separating pilot channels Dynamite removal of earthen plug
http://www.mvd.usace.army.mil/mrc/Upon_There_Shoulders/Chapter12.htm
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Mississippi River
Leland and Tarpley Cutoffs
1935 1937
1964
1974
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Engineered Chute Cutoff
Choctaw Bar, Mississippi River
1962 1967 1972 1974
(red line = stone dikes, yellow = bare sandbar, blue = water and green = vegetation)
From USACE (1999) and Julien (2002)
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River Widening
Nakdong River near Busan, South Korea
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Gupo Bridge during
Typhoon Maemi in 2003
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Retrofitting Bridge Piers after Riverbank Shifting
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Park et al. ASCE-JHE 134(11), 2008.
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River Management
Rio Grande below Cochiti Dam, NM
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Hydraulic Geometry of the Rio Grande
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Jetty fields and vegetation of the Rio Grande
Jetty System near Bernardo NM, in 1963
MEI
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Jetty System near Bernardo NM, in 2002
Bernardo Gage
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Sediment Plugs on the Rio Grande
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Presentation Content
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River restoration and water quality
Cheongmi Stream
SouthKorea
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Historical Planform
Cheongmi Stream,
South Korea
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Water Quality Issues
Near the neck cutoffs of the Red River, LA
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Water Quality Issues
Near Imha Dam, South Korea
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Water Quality Modeling
Interflow turbidity currents at Imha Dam, SK
Unit : kg/m3
0 km 4 km
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Conclusions
56
Acknowledgments
57
Muchas
Gracias!
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