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RATING OF
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ANA LYSIS OF /;lCTRIC M~ CHI/>'fRr
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SVBS t i'lCHI/ONOVS II E:SONANCf IN POWEll SI'STEMS


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RATING OF
ELECTRIC POWER CABLES
Ampacity Computations
for Transmission, Distribution,
and Industrial Applications

George J. Anders
OrItHrio Hydro T9ChtIok1gies

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Contents

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Typic" in'!alilltion <OO~I""ioo , <Jf. """<1"'"-" rircoil ~ of li'llen cabin
ID.l d;"",,'y in .... "",) ... <!Iooo'n in Fi. _ I,J. Tho...,_ .. Fo._ n o;. ,0111

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by W<ty
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lonl . n amMol. , _ , B""k..~ ,..-.I p..",.n. 1976: CJGRE l onl\. t _ l

U HEATSOtlRCES IN I'(JWERCABUS
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REFERENCES
~ T,. Low""" Ili, G,_-.l " -hoi; . S, V. ( I91'S). " UpgndIlIl! Ib< ompo<ny of Il l'l-f
"""'"'1'1'" cobl< <"""',,:
tEtE T""", 1't,"~d:><Ii,~ ... ><>I. 10, ,"", 1. pp , J- ~ ,
AE.IC CSI 90 119'JO~ '"Sj>ilic..""" ro. imprq_ popcr_io".a..d. ~I",_"""'"
""'*'....,.., ry"" ."
A" 1e CS 2-'JO( I'I'JO). ""SpI<ilio:..;'-' f<I< imp<tJ.-d1'"l"""0IId _ _ po.,..- poIyl""l"'.
I<lo< ....._ <obi<. h;p .,......., P'r< ''I'.'"
AE.IC 03-\10 II 'I'JO~ ""SjIdicaUono f<I< imp'......... POp<f_;"wIOIN. ...... mcoII<_
~ . ...... ~ _ filll ry""."
AEIC CS4--9J l1W3). ~lic_ ro. irn _ _ pap....... I_ _ aI>ol mt<lt...

_<.. .
~ oclf.....--.. bqoD<l ~Jkdnl ...."

AEIC C'U-'H ( 1_ . ""Sp>cillc" "'" lot <f<IO>liol.<d poIy<lhylen< """laI<d ",..1lI<d


raIO<l5 .......p46 ~ V,
" "Ie Q6.-87 ( 1987). ""SjIdicalM_ .... <11'_ _._ _ ~....,.......
_~ ._'-5 _JIl !fl ~ V,'

AEIe CS1-'JJ l l....l ). "Spocilic....... ro. . rooo-liN.<d poly<lhylt1>< iolluiOlCd...., _


_ <_ '-""' tllrooIp I l i l V."

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AEK" CS 'll~ 1I'lll'" "SPKili<.. ~.., lol.ri..lly i..... - ..... 00.0-1 pip< filkng
"
1"f"NI< ~. h;p>- ~ ... 1'"1'<-1)1'< c>hI<.-
AEiC GI-.fIlI ' 1_,. "'GInd< f... """I,COl' " <Jl AEIC ...... ","m in .ula1"", ...,...,.,...... II
,_ tor r<lf i~_ ...per_j
II>< I.'I , - ,,"
AEIC ozn , Ion: . -0.... for <I<.uiu l of " ..... joinI> l.1 ~ t V _ ,"
AEiC GI'IIJ ' 1'1'101. "GIl'" rOf i..uJ""-"'" of ,,'Nded di<llri< .""' ~ ._
' l _ ""-I (,/I kV "" ".,to 0 8 H ','
AB C G.-'lO ( 1990,. " lIhd<o-J!_ """<Ied 1""" ,aM< pull'"l JIri<Ie',"
" E1C G7\ll1 ( IYll0 l "'Go. ~'" plac""""" .... k f< .._ .... <If 1Nlbl <b<.....".;,;
~.l . t Vund<rJl_ <Ii<lnlJutit.. . .we..
_II<""
H

Ai'iSIllEEE SI<IIJdord S7S l im ,. "Applicotit.. of o!I<.m__ nl f<oo oinlk ......


d"""" cab '" . 00 .... <&l<u.... ioo of indO<lto:l - . , . . _ <UtI'<Oll< .. <Illk ......h..
Ball. 1'.. H. 1'h1arol. /. D.. _ SOc'J'POf_ O. L ( 1m,. U. K_I!"'l'>t=><nh and In"""
"""'J>" for f<n'N >*<l u hl< ' 1........ """'. Ia' C. _ <.
B"""" C. C.,I 9M ,. Ek< m. -C,,/lk. _ london,s" I Pi '" s.-.
Block. W, Z. l I9 ~9 ' . 1b< IrT'~"''')' ~ <lil<m...: ,""",Of ' fUl"'" <aUn<,' ~ ..
.... II'" IfEEII'ES T""""" " ;",, _ D1wil>.lli<.. ("<>Ill , """ Eo_ '.....
!"<oo' Orlean>.
LA. Apt. ~ _1 . 1'1ll9.
B... t ",riI, . 11 B.. .-.I _ .. U. D. B. f Aj><_ 1976 l - F.n'<d ''''~ ''I ,"'lIG bn<>.- T..........,_
Ji<oo ...... Vi......"""'... "'. 'I _l ~,
O GRE (19'l 6~ '"Tho ku ~ iooo of ronl _ , .. ~ of k>n>od ""'*'I ",0.1<>.' WG Qll of
<.lGRE SC 1 1. Ek....... "". M . pp . l'>--M. EnOl""' ;" 1<, _ . .... 76. p.48. MO)' 1911 1.
O G RE (198(". -F<Jr=;l oookd cabk>, Calculal"", fJf lhemlal lnn<i<ft....... <)'<h< -.*
WG Ol' ofC\G R~ SC 1 1. Fl.",. . ..... HM. pp . 1.J...U
~ c. .~. ll """"' l ~ ".~,~ ,,, "'!I>.... . r _/I.EE r-.. """"'!lpr,
S-,,,."Ol, PA S i~, flO . ~. pp . 9!11J.-_
lEe Sumdard !!8 1197 8 ). ''Cooduc1on fJf i"",l_ . abl<o..* 2nd od . '" "'!'P.. IY!l1.
lEe Standard !1l7 ( 1_ . 1 911 ! ~ -cakulat"", fJf .... r o n l _ <Wfent "''''1 fit . - .
'.*
'1 00'\ "'"" f"" .... 1.. od , I%'!. 2nd <d, 1911!. :<rd cd. 19'/04~I\I%,
Ir SWId<nI 'Wl! , 19111l ' h _ ,,~ Od Jo<lc<-1ric ~ "'...... ........ h fwd ..,.-
Ill<" r""" I ~ \I I<> JO ~ \1.*
IEEE '199-1> SOlWNlaJ,j 8 .1 ~ . " IEEE S,andaI'd--"""'.. coble ~io~ lab ....
F.l'Il.I' l 'lll ~ ,. " ~ ......b<d , .... f""""'-ooI<d nlgh-"",,,,,,,, oil ~ TIod _~ ) ""._
. ~.... m ~- ~ PR I El J(,J4, ""*'-~ 001 _'- RqIo'" I. 'y ,_

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C_nin." N... y, ~y

K'. g. S. Y..... Hoi1\ ,.,. r 1911h UnU'1/ ~....J _ .., ( -..bk. L>ndoo: r..-.og","" .
M...., . j f .. M, A, ( l9ll9l ' H,_ 1Il ~ "" """"'" ubi< 'lfllIOCi'~' ..,.,. "",.
<en'od .. ,I>< li do IFEEJ1'S T,..,.,,,,_ mol 0.............. C.....- F-"I",.;'....
Nro.~I.A 27. 1_ .
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do< ............ Um_.........
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2
Modes of Heat Transfer
and Energy Conservation
Equations

2.1 I IITRO D U C Tl O ~

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'~I"'" or< Il>o <1;",,,.,..,.. in .... '""'" chap<er>.

Z.4 A'IAlYTlCAL tflSllS MUMERICAl MET1100S OF SOL\'l NG


HEAT TRAllSF(II!DUATlONS
Eq..,.;..... (l,1l) ..... 12.201 ,an \>< ""',...j ,j""" )1;.,,,ly. .. iltl """" ""'I'My;nJ
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""" .... """"""'a1~ . Thor< "" ~........... lor !h in..oo.. _ y ....
"""" i _ """ " I>i~" , .__ i<Iom 1>0'0< b<eI> ... ifI. _)'IicaI """'"""_
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.."""i.. """"""....... ufla1r< .....ricn. and 110.. oaIy bocom< _ I. _ .. _ <If
1" f.I ~. II<JIb _ " ' " ..ill be d<ocnb<4 iIII lhoi, _ , ..... yti<a1 .....-
... dj"""scd in Pan. I 00;1 11. ,, """'.. ,lie "urncrical _b<> on: il<a11 .. itlt;" Pan III.

REf ERENCES
lEe 5,atWn! :!lI ll1 ~ h -c....... w;... ,.r lt>e ....;"".... ( ..,.... ..;", or _ W ffl.
1o<i (lI<lOf';2nd cd" :inial,,,,"',,,,,'.
1991
~""'. J. H....... M""""'. M . H. IOL1 . J~n -n." ................ <>flt>e .._ _ ,;", .....
1o<i <apability of , ...1"1""""-" All'f T"'..... mi. M. """ l. pp. 15!_l n

Copyrighted matenal
Copyrighted maertal
3
Circuit Theory
Network Analogs
for Thermal Modeling

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REFERENCES
_h. ,., .. ..... OIf.,
[> 8 ., ,Jut)' 19><6l "(")"<Ii< _ _ <....._ ..... ""'__
_ _ fo< ~_cabl<o. ' IEEE T..... """.,lk/iw..,.
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for ~ _ IF;E T-.. _ _ ~ e-'"
I j ,~ ~. PW RD- I. pp. 22-n.
11.1 F. H . ( 1 9 ~ 1). "1b<nnaI ............ ' OII _ u bl. ,- T........, .-1_, I..... F;krt E:>ot ..
mi. 7O , pp.4~~ 1

CIG RE (0<1. 1972 ,. '"Co<m>o ,.... 01 ,obi<. r", <yeli< -J '''",',,_, - . I'M L
()dl< _ .... , _ f"""' _ I~ ) and """"",, "'. * p f",""",,,," EMrtn..
"", 14, Pr, 61-%,
C IGRE lJ..., 1976 1. '-C"""", mi"~ 0( , ...... r", <)dO< O/Mf '''"''''''') lo0<Io. ",", 2-
Ern<fJ<1':, '"'''3'''''''''''
dour...... re>poo< "' ...., r _ ." tI...."'. .." 44,
pp. J- I.
IF-C S....w.J (I'111~) .
"('...,,101>011 01 til< <yell, O/Mf "'""1""') ......'" 'Minp 0( , obi
"'"' I. ()d;'; moo. rooor for , obIn up ... and i"" "din, 18IJO 0 6 1kV; PIIt>lic. ioo
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........'" v~ Mol B..... H . P . CI 'Hh - A ..... hod f<IO' -.n, _y.'" ""..
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4
Rating Equations-
Steady-State Conditions

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Tho method ldi<>"" ''"'' pM"""">lly okI<_ quantiI>eI' 41) . """"oJ """""'"
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l\od.-hod _ , .... b<.oed ...lIlt mitlimal ""' i..-"..,..."", f 100'1 ~ -.l r_.., E_
.... In.!. PI'- 1I ~ 2 l .

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Copyrighted rnaklnal
Copyrighted matenal
5
Rating Equations-
Transient Conditions

u IlITllooucno"
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56 1 IntrodlK.1Ion
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""""""'. .....,,6 ,-itwl>l< """"" 1 ,.ki. dl">l .-3 01_1oii1 ,,,,,,,;,,,;,,. Ed<ly <t'f",, ~
'hr..,.,... _
""""'" los """""", .. boOb
to-"">;ol . &.IJy
... """W<nbIy Ier tkan <ir<'u1'''''1
..,11I,-< "'. _ _. ....
<_ _<-.. . ..- ro.._
,; n ~ < -" inftpo<ti>o<oIlIo<_af
""" ,>1" _ ootidl)' _
iJno<I <uqo.

loi ~ .. amoori.. aho foll _ _ a1 <"'_ ~ "" ''''' _


'l'l" .....- , ond i............ _ . """'om! "",,Ie..,.,... . - .
..i _ I", h ). ....~ ~ ..."' ..--..1>..... 11>< IM_ m.-.
w i ", ox _ """'" _ld to< ~ hi"'.
"""'" ""' ;, <a1<ulM<d .. if iO - . _
""".-..ich ..,.",........ armor, .....
sI>eaIII. ar.l ..... .....'010oooo. _In! oI<p<ado _
........... ""' .......... ;. _fit_po;. _ ....>holI) ' Io-...lod. ~ .-. hr<i Ii<
........ _ .._ """"', II>< k...... m e.............. "........ "",,", Iu 1\1 .....
""",,"M<! r"'-'< of ""'>ok _ armor in plfallel _ _ - . . , . oquaI .....
m" ...1.. or 'Il< ltIlOOf _
,.....,~"" <ohio tu.,,"' 1
h d,an><t<f'>- Tho
h ond ....,.,.
pm._ oppIio< KI
"'..--... fw ...". ....._> .....

'"
Copyrighted maertal
,.
<aI>Ie> meulll< armor. <do!y ~ kw.... "'lh< ......
'" ,"'II'<
_ II< I'<r , _ "" <oM<> tw.... ...... \a('< Inrnf, bo<ll ldy
on<! ~ 100.... in
<Wl'<tII "" Ia;o< m.... b< " " " . _ ~ "''''' ,lit .rr"",
0#.-_0lio. _
_if<
1ad._<_..
S<bnorin< uN 'f"<'i.aI~ ""'- 5i..l0..,.". IOC "",*" " .. <ubmorin<
""",""""""""'- <!I1f.. .. ....". ~ from ~ _ _ y at " dllcU : i.
_alI)'..-Jf<Id. "... ""' ............_ ... ....,
. . laO<! .ilII """ ...... dtttano< b<tw<ca tfI<",. fur lbc>< " ' - .
01<... - .. dot lEe ~ J ll 9ll2l _ b< ~, _"" _ _ &<.,I ..
~-.I

0 ...-
. 10 ,1oiJ,
<,,-<. _ .. ill iDlrodu<e f<quircd 1OOl. to """"""" 011< ond armor 100
~ "'iIlI m<lollo< _

~, ~.... ..-,U
-.I '" ....." t<pt<
'I "'"
,", _
1'""'11"< of lh< "'. ill
hmori
1<.......

calculat""", Tho.
<_
imf>I;n -"., .,....._ ;. apphc_ ",.- . laid i _-...-.
Of Do otuo. _ .. >IloII< ..- a.r.bnl _ . Tho _ i_ _ .. ",k..
........ ioMIl. ioo&~ioo oflh< implan<e;" rd<tf<d to .... _ by B,...,IIi ..-l
1.->0 ,(1 9 76 )

U SHUTH IOMOIM6 AIIRANGlMfllTS


_ ~ . .. ......Io-t c-' <I<r-t _ """""" , of f_ _ ,of ..hi<i:I .. lh<
_ - " 1 l I il K . l nlacl..... - . , . ., ilK --.llllOOlimporullO
.......... _< _ _ dy_ _ . - .r,...110< _ .. ,,( . -.

in . ...... Thtf< . . ,hr_._",.._...


_III<
...... .""'.. boAdi ... iOIid
. ,
fur oary " ' - ' caI!l< ....... mu>t b<. ......... _1o<tI<l< bondo<l .. 1oaK

0lI<l <roo" bmdi


point
, /f .... lo " .. . - .. T1ltot . .,
( .o.NSLIlF.t:t;, .\Ill h
10 . ....1<-
.. ......,. hoi ...:Jl<oro
.,_*oomt<lcf"''''''
ho .................
0
' "lI
Iho
<1'1"", ot <it<."a.,.. ""fall
h <it dot _ . '"""'" " " - ...
JIf'IlIO'I"'-I ... ,hi: _ _ <WmIl """ ,",,'" 0( """ ""=_ .. "" .obI< -.poci..
; ";: fU><>. I'>no<uIaf <. . _ be ... ,~ 1O ~ proo' . ""'I< proO1ioo1 .. III< f"",
..... "' .... ...,alo ., _ >01 doaf from .... n..Ioo<d ~

OIl< y '" d>miMI"" Ill< itl</o.o;e(I ~ i hnn" Ill< _ k .. """' """ ,d "'"
...... ' ooW _
_..,....,.;"J"_ .ir)."'....,_. <UrT<1OI' ''_ "-
.... no. "'''"'''..... et "'" i' _ clrculol.,.
II<-

_,~...,
in
C
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01 k"""" <_ oIl<.... ;, _W of _
....,....-.1Iikpmnin.,.""-...-1,_~ """loool_k '''' , ...
. <If<'Uloo,,,, <UrmII>

Tht ....._ .. , _ """,n, io<_ .... _ . ok.... 01,.,. of - " ,oN<.-' .......
...,,-. ito ,""""..... .., <_ ~y. Tho < b<nh !'lf _ . .... , obi< .-

"_0_ .."'
><ebono. onol """" _
On<
inbip.. . . . in>oal ..- .
~ . . . . ;,
oIl<..". in ""' """ "" ih :o;I ~ nn<d.
i ....,. c._nc._ - . . . i. "l'l'Ii<o:I-'y

f ip< 8.1 rt-' "lIf<" ",.,,,,,,,,i<_,


1OD of It>< , ,.,..
Tht , _ _ . ""_ "" 1k """ "'" .....h """"nw"" j,lIfok<n
.. ,0<"
_
joi.., Tht """""""
_ _ 121.1 _ 011'1>- , Wh<
"" .. ~ in "",i<.. "f _ fIt'o'" ... ~ Do
'" . . ,,.,.. " , _"11 .. "",,"n in f ill
~ . l . u ctl ....0lIl cltNiI .-aiM _ f""" ...,k FI>o.. "",h "'"' IOUl o.oIt"lO ..
..... "-'II <imo~ """" ~' ''''''. II'Ill< ""'_ ........ ..._ """ < III< Mol '"

Copyrighted maertal
-.. _-_ .. -__ ...
---
-,..
,I
....
._-.---_ ' . - , " "

II ,
"
.-~
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I

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- /
r....-OI _

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... .....-........._..-
__ ,.,c_ ..
It>< run. tho ",1'05< in ,b< loop and ,ho <i f<'ll",n~ curmoI .,11 b< ro, and ,lie: only
""'.... 10<

h.., .11'"1''''''''' u_
-,II II< ....... <... ><d b)o <ddy
Th. _bod of _

1""_ . Ih< I<oJlh> and ,,1>1<


"""" <"" ",,,,", <........ ,,-,II lor _
<wIT<'toU .
_S" """ ,h< __ to tic """'" 10 IKe ...._
i.'....."" .....
p<naIty of 111",. .01
"""'''8'
_ '''I
of ,......,.cd
<UrmII ......... In
in ....-II _'ti<>ol '""J' ...,. be id<0<aI. and _ " " ,
n t . Th< I<nJl" of . ",,11 _ _ and , '1'""''''
h,," ..
w ton.,..... "'" ......... and bel_
. . lim,t<d by tho vultOF' ..
<artll
1<00"" "'"
do <"'''' _ . 1 p""tion. For IooJ 111M. Ill< ""'" ;0
gf .. lid ;'d1.od<d ioIoo _ _. C,.,.. bond,. . . ~ ........ <all
<\1._ .......,...
and
0(

I>< >wIotd .......,11 """'" dodopo""""'l)


The: """''-'"1 ......"'" dn<rilood ,... ..... <.......... ornnJ"d .)...
mn<olly. <!ud i ,n ttrl,,;1. II i .......I "fI<-a _ .. loi<Iin . lIoI _ ~ J"'"IX" _
' n Ihi_. il i.. ron"ooo jQ<ti<. in Ione:... at>l< <",'\Ii.. or 1>< .-;1)' _ <aN< h.... '"

Copynghted maenal
,. "'" II l _ 01 f 'w....

_ .... _ .. 011<....... f il _I. I ~ "" """ . """ <obi< O<Cupl<'Iea<h P"'i'''' ,....
tlurd 01 Ill< run.
A. _ 01_,.,.. po.o"" ...... be romNl<ml kl<n ~ <roM _ llIt ...
_ _ of _ Of'< Il'I< lop ~ '01rio.. .. e M """. . '"' ~ .-l """""

........ iDwlod, "I;o;oo' """"'I ......


iIi.. _ '" "' ~ E...,..,""'.... ..-
by Goolond (, \IoIO) !Iao - . Ihoo """- .. "'''' ...... full ......" WtII',. _ _..
..""". _ , ~ .................. " " " " ' _ , <Y<U w!>ca Ihrn: ~ ""'~ . lew meI<'n
of,_ , <io< 1'lo<o< ""'-t<> COMOlb< ' - bill ... 01 _~

''' ~ 1ft"<'" ~ <oM< <y_. COb _,,",01 "'_. _ "" 011


,II< _ I I _ _
<11""".... '" ..... 1aI<d " ' - <_or foul! ooodI...... O<ld Ilo< ..... "' ........ """
fut .... h f< of "'" ., .......
h.., ..

U CIRCUlATING CURRENT I.OS$ES INSHEATH AIIOARMOR


Tho boo.i< eqoootioM for calntlatm, .lfcubl.... ......- 1M......_ _ 1opW by . ..........
.... """" ;n 1920" M<__ ... ..._1l'l27 L And,hl m Lond C_ tl ~:n. 1'1211. l<I
lOIn< c , trOd. of 0<I<ly <Wmlto - . ""'_ io. __ <l<nolop<d: .n"""
" ' _ """ off ,of 0<I<ly ,""""",, - . inoi,,,,Ik rompored ,,"" citallat,"l
<UrT<tII loHeo. and CGUkl be ipoted. Tho oqu.otioM prn<-.t ia IF(: 1'uIllk:.._
1I711\11l1lond io N<fI<t.-M<'GtodI _1 1 ~1! oft . . . . In _ I!>< wOO< by Amoid

-
1 1~29~ ond;'- cdd)- _ 1oo.... ><q:O fut Iloe <a-.< of<- . .."" ~ ...........

All 01 "" 1"'__ fut _


<UrI'NO . . . _ Tho~

""'n wtld _ ... no.." """ _ il "",.- .....,;,


k p ..... ill ..... _
lfU',. I _ _ I<dj< of tho
_
......>Urn< \hat

~ _""
,,, ....
~

.. _ ...
".....

I'''.:~ ;' ~ _ ""' ,,'" ,ok.""""', _"'" be ..........t: _


..._ CM be """'=ted ..- "'""'" ratiol boca . 1!cuIaIed. If 1l<OYrJ'.....

--
....... _ -.t _ ~;0,. ...... "" ""al<to_ ................;.cd _

A. ,b.."........""', Ill< p_~ .... m........""" " ...-.- 11, " .......... <If......... <ao>l
by cf"", lat,", , _, (1',) and 0<1<1) ' lOffeIIb (1; ), Thus.

Tho _ fO<lOr ill """'" it II>oCOlllpOMld <If, _ ..,." "'"' We ., '_''''Illl


,.........(1;1....... f<I< ........;c......"."'"" .. oodby ..,. 11;) Thut..

A, h","_ ....... roo ';"P-n cobico ,,"" 1'Iw:allI. kaded .. ""'" <r<l> <If on
_ 01 _ _ ""'" 10.o <a>oI ~ ,""'Iat curr<fIl\ OR _ . An .1<ctn<a1
_ , "'" it dcfiood .. . """ <If......_ ""'''"''''
a11. - . OR _ 1 _ , cm:oloo"" NIT'" - .
"'_
"""h ..... cr_
"'" ""'..... ," _ " t
0<l<Iy <Urf<ftl
looon. -.t IIw:, """'PI<!y <l<.... 1IIOl< "'" c.........._ . Of "'-""'"'. . - ... "" C;",......'1lll
"""''''' ",lito! .... ...._ .. _ or _ .. on< po;no ""I)'. no. ' ,..".,Iao for tIw:
<ir<1Ol.."" <UrT<tOl 1ooooo ill ""'... -.t """"' .. ", . ,1npI "".....
(:...><1 . ..... . _ <ir<.... The """JIle. """""', -.... , -.or.
"'""'" """.....". . . _ ~ I I,. 0lId I,. _ " " ,!y. """'- "" and """,r

Copyrighted maertal
'"
" 11.1'11,
A, _ I /. ~ .II'
( I .))

( 1 4)

....... If ( OInIl _ _ .... "" ............ ,>lllle _ ...,...,.... 1tftlPO....... """ !lot
wl>.""... , ..... " ~_ 5IIutlt and 1nftOf, rnpecli. .ly,
A. <an to< -.. f,o", .... ...,.. - " " ' " ' in th< . . . , ..- - . IlIo
sb<"" MIl ormDf <....... _ '" be npreuod .. f""",",- of _ <UrT<fII . In
""'''' roo<lI'' '<
I , -.l I . ... ,~ 11'00 .... """"" _ _ .......... """
.,.." ......1aUd ...... <UrTmI, by

_ 1./ i. an irnplonc< _ 01,,,,,,,,, f and t- CoIcuIoc. . of lb<t< impedan<eo "'


_
d1K1n.... in .... folio."", _ ..-. The opproo<II '" derMolt ~ ", III be ..
. . . . - "1ho. ~ " k - n , "<'P Iut itl<IIo,.. .....". ono~;.. f""" ft -illl..
",. lhrl.... of IIl ......y lIJ'PI"'O<lI ....... _

<_
1mIOf. In to b< .....-
W. will _ MI , U ill ,ll<: n." 1ull< ..., ~ , Tboo ~I_ >b<>o', ,......
ill tt<b l roo.Ii, !><f< '" . _ .. ~ of. ~ ... .... >lII. ond
_ _ .......... Aloo 11 . - .. lI>IfIK'ic "., M '" _ ill .... _ ~.
COMld<t. f.. <>0ft0CIIc. llio< _~ Imp< , __ l.. .._ ""n b< . . -
lox .... _ """"""'" in Fi, . 8.2. Ttli. i~ """ioI. of "'" _ fni..-:..
IN ,oo4u<tot", ><If.,. .""""" ' i< ri.... ......If _ _ ~ Md .... """""""'.... .........
..0<Un .. im "" OIl.... ''''' <>rc><h>;:oon.
n.. .-.,,,,', ,_- . -.. i..... b!lUf< of ", _ " , it>
- . . """""_ The """ ioO.o<1an iI tlIc: 1mL.,. of ..-. . - . . " . II >tlI 1h<
,wmo in .... och<r ron<liocIon. I~"" .......' p><nJly." .... <polial _ ,raJ of ft,. dolo
"' ..,;, cur=u ...... .... """"""'" of <Um"' ..... it ........ .)

Copyrighted maertal
,"
Th<...,..... ""' < > f ~,,,,,,,,,,",,,,,. i""'oilinI- b.><h .... .." f- ...
in<lu<1an<n. """" of i_ i... oil of , be ~_
. -...... _
' .2. llo<_
I... P*'>iftI _,h 1h<<<III<h of
ttu< oha _ _ """ f... y_,1i
_ two_.,.".
ft., linlq< from .... ccnI<r of ....
"I'I"" ' ..., ~
in f~

.....
ft., .-n _ '"'" <:<-.n ,lori, _ II""- .. ill. """'" by innor
dL>h<ol hilt. I, OIIly 1 proponiooD of """"'" on tlk... ~ On """"
hand. ft., ."... ~ ill.",*", by _ ~ lill<. 1.0\;. n<arIy oil of 'h<
curTNl. Th< IO<aI ftu. 1inUt< from _ WI'f... of .... two oondudon 10 .... upp"
...n_ lli".,.... "" ~ .... r of .-u=no l i. """"""mal<I} ............. 'ho ,,,,,,pcaI
of nu....... Ilol1..... ) po; 'ifIL,., 0I1 of _ <"""'"
Tho inductonoet n ith,n . - ..., . ,dlln .... ,Mcu...... of ,to<
........ _ _ .. 011 _ 101..,.,;.' ....<.,;Illl<p.by~.._
oil inInnaI coNe indu<:tan<n,

U r !nJfml/~1

_
.t.J./.1 _ C_ '_ I~
;0 ~ . ....
.. Tbt .. ,f-...,.,of."",..,..
folio....,...."..... For ... 11 ID<al cutl'<nI, I11III """" _ ....
ond ,..... rado... of 1_ " 1 I _J ~ .... _-000 <>f ronoluo....,. """"'" " M i. JOdi... , ..

'i l>y

I " _ ,_,_
-.
' -_
u',

tlf _ ... 1"<1, " .7)


b .
Tho -..... ,--..nee 01. . bollooo _ is 'Ii .. "",," by

l-~_,..
_'" I'
h.
1;,tI, _ ~
T 2.
[1/4-.'\I+_.',l/.
fI' l'
- lna'] ,1 .1)

..lorn: . ;,. .... tal'" of inner "' """" rodius


I'o< .,hd _ 'u O'. lh" t<du<n ", 'l'<If"" H 1/4), Fo.>t odl,n .....11 ,. _ u .
n_ .. ,... / 2>0 . ' I I /l )( I _ o j _ <... /2", - ( I/l''',/ ."

,_ .., Ho. _

_- _"' -' . --
__ _ -
_
........ _
' .. .. .. 'i

.
. .........-. .. -"
....... ' ' '_
",--.._-

.. -- ..... _ . - _

'
_.-.

Copynghted maenal
'"
....... " .. mean d1......... of til< "".. h. """
t... m<. . tlud.." of ..... .......... mm.
&.J./ .1 C_ w --s4HI. f_ .-J 1 " _~_ For _ _" ' . MOl

.,
lhidJlo<M t, .... """"""'" ft.., _ ...,. k>< .... _ D IPI",,,,,_ 1}0 l i_

' .. '" i ' _ '. + 1./2l/ r, (1. 10)

Ln ~
~-
.. " ' - i "+<'I' , - ,.+ I,f2 .,, ... t. ..
. .~
. ... ,_(,,-+1,/2)
-- (8. II )
2~., _,_" , t, h I, 2 l% '.
&.J. / .J SIt.-lk_ ,_ I...J_ _. For"",.. _ ..0;"'" on;l lhid
.... " . on<! onn ...... cutT<IIt ; ""..... til< fro<tlOn 01 w .... <u...... w i"'; ........,.
ol'11o< in.... nod,,,,
i. eqll0 I X/I, . Tho II.. d. witlu. d" _itdinl ......, _
j,. I;,~ n by

<U2)

Tho.ao:h. , lwbe<n appnnimalcd by". all ." a . Th< ~ i>Ji_ by


til< .....",.. 01"'" II... . ..... .... proportioII of <IlrmII iO ....."..-. 10 tluI Ill< ;"" .....
""I.....t""""""~ i> 11I'I""',""""11 . ' _ by
,
,,-,
~ 1'"
2u. . "
1 01, _ _ ...20 Jl .,
, __
t " _
... 10
2.
(,.+ I,{2)
_
" + 1, /6
, 8.1 ))

&.J, I. 4 /"'.... "',..... /"""...... n. M...... i<: II. ' ...-..trio lhict.n<u 01 til<
......". .. alI air"'" all ." ..... ~_ Tho ,1II<rnaI inductan<eI KJ... from ..... II.,
...... ......". _ or "' or< oro f."ly compIi.,.'ed. The armor 11I&)' ''' ' - ' ' II <tlIi1
_ by M.'- n... ... ........ of.- """ ."
""'11 <WT<1IL In _.,." tII< .....,. """",1Id . . . . - II. '
00>;1
" of it> _
.
.
n.. ~ lIu. w.. (lUI ~ by _ (l'Jn ond .. _ _ (IUI "",_ _
in .... IF 287 ( 1994. SWIdanL Tho ",..n<tic fl<1oh ..."hin .... lhrlAe.. ollh<......,._
~" ioo. <Jf ......iaIlk'Od <Unl. lick!-. The cil<lllal lick!- f..,..1Il< ""'"""""" and
""'....... ..my o", fann"""""" ""' ..... _ _ -1__ oI lh... . . -....... _
.. o"'f<'<'lll . The fi<k!- from Ih< 1mIO<',_. <UrmII, _ .... ........ fonn. The u inl

_ _.... __ _--,._-_.
fi<k1 ;, rr=

.........' 10_
m .. Ih< '''''''' l.lIIf"", 01.... ImIO< lk'Od d"cru , '" UN .. <II< _

-_....--- ""'-""- . _-,_...-


_ ... _ _
. -n..
_ _ 01 .. _
.... _ _ .. _
- I.."
. _.. , ' -

. "'_w". ' _,..._ _

Copynghted maenal
,.
"""
II>< cin
.... i
lidol i>
wrf _
li<1d
i
fiven _
tho _
.. th< <ircIo1ar IYId II
c_
...no
to,
nl' "'"
,i><ft
II....,... nodi;'
0I'd
("~Iy.

dt,,,,,o>c> "'
rod,.. i. c..-.! II)' cormIIlI
uro ..
...
radii. The i>"""'l'Ii<0Il t>y Iht fa<1 ..... ......... nn.: pnm<o/'Ii hly of un i>
iliff potaI ~1O .... " ' _. n.. _ _ li<Ido ........
...n . -""" tIC =oI-t i_ d I _ ponollel ..... ~ I.IO "',m (....
f i, . 8 . I. ~ _ _........ ...llcaI ,.,.,.......,. CIt c""""" onolllu...
- . '" nUl h""_ '~'; ""'i <It_ "' ,;""'in. Th<rd"",. '" ........
.... oSeri,-..;-. po . ... oood at< _ . , . .... itIrqroI ol JIIlPIt. "'''''~.,..,. "'" ..,. ...
of .... armor _erial, The><"""J'"h" i<lrnt1<lll1O lhoo< <n<oUnI<""';" ".,hnlqc
~ Tbt ...... ~i< _ i> Jil<ll b)' """..,,,,", '"""""" u""h"...
I~ ~

1' .. j Q - f, [ffIU' t ... s . Hid ")


c
,

Copyrighted m \enal
..". 1 _ C'IIrmOl d<1K1Iy.1Vrn'
,.
[ . <I<ctri< fio<ld. V In;
H _ "'"ll""i< A., d<n<.ity. Tosla
Ii .. _ i< litld. A,"""""
-.I .... ,..."al .. ' ,.....,.. Tho J, _ k I 'ItP"'""'f _ Tho'C'<'<'Old
1<tfI'l. i"""- only ~ ""'~ ..... of rnam\aI ,11 110 _ 10_.. internal

""""<_""""*" _'"
.....". il><lu<tar>;;... a< "",II

Tho
i~
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~

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"'- ;.."..... A.., ..wr. 10 all at ....
;"""'000)' ;" ......... );" >I", Ii.... ...,

P + jQ ~V, ")l,,
.,
.... bot< l " . mul.... ,"' .. ,If"' I _ i ) ;~

18,16 1

Equal,", u.e.. "'" " 1'""'" ...,ilit...,. of j",t" l potl ol Z,, ) in ....
"""'.. _01 from "'" h'" 1"< .
All ,""""".. m1u,n. ond fi<kh . " ""' ......... Tho..-.npb ....' ~ ....
>nduc1or. oIl<lIh. or ""","", Tho k. ".." ..., oJ<oc: 10 <>Orn"IO. ;" Ih<o< . I<m<nl>. buI pIo<c
....'lhin .... III"'k.... of ,II< ormor. 1l<c..". ,"" Ioqi' odinal l ltl' 01' 'ira ii
~ .,.j ;, ;,,<1_ In all ", .... ; ~ . . - ;. """'"'P~ "'.11 <Jf ....

,mp<daI>c<" ""';U'" .... dI"""" """.


To <i mpliry ,lit compoIation. rt .. ;11 to< ... oumod Ihoo ............ i> rornpoo<'d 0( lap<>
_,""" ....,....... Thocrmri. ,1Io...-ull,..,
_koo ....... _ fnrmoood .. -...i<oqli,ible.
Tho _roo:I,o,>nol'h< "'H .... 01 .... 0rm0r . . ~..." . ..... ... ~y_ Tho
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