GrU(x)=0,, ec Sc atemp,n(x)=Asin(n/Lx);A;k^2=2mE/h^2;k=n;E;Obs1.spec nedeg;2.E0(p incert) x=L,xp>h/2 pmin; Emin=p2/2m; 3.

orig
in centrul gro,paritate;rectang U=0,Uo;a)E>Uo T=1R=0; H=p2/2m+u(x); px->-ihd/dx I.en cin I=A1e^ikx+B1e^-ikx progregr;II;
cond.rap; R=prob de reflexie a part p tr de pot=Jr/Ji; J=re{*h/im(r);R=b1/a1)^2;T=p k part sa treaca in
II=Jt/Ji=A2/a1)^2k2/k1;desen R E/Uo;Obs: -refl ap ptE~Up;-R->0-prob sa s refl leg de comp ond Broglie; I,II;1=2/k1;n,R b)
E<UoT=0;R=1 k2=iu;|b1/a1|=1,R,P=|ii(x)|^2;opt ond;geo-refelxie tot;ond-in 2 ap unda amplit scade exp cu dist-evan;desfen
em rece,em autoel:met la t sc sub intens emite e,se gas in gr de pot de h Uo;cuan:part in gr finita caract de niv disrete de
enrg,fermioni,Pauli:niv spin susjos pana lval max Ef,lucrul de extr W=Uo-Ef; Fim=-e^2/(4o)(2x^2);Frez=e-Fi;U(x)=Uo-
Frez;d/dx=0;Umax; W=;cr;ef tunel;T=Toexp(-2/h(o,xb)2m(Ux-E);Ux=Uo-ex;1937apl;proc tun semi: BCS:e form p C; lungime cooer; ,Eg=2=3,5KbTc; des
NS;a)t e lib;d;U>=/q; d2; d2met b)t per 2sit:U=0; cont;ef J st; U0; alt;nest =2qU/h;>;Bcs pt fiec per se asoc fct unda
(r,t)=[n(r,t)]exp(i(r,t))n-con de per;ec Sc temp: i/t=H11+k2..n; I=dQ/dt=d/dt(2nev)=2evn= Iosin(1-2);u=0;o;U0 H2-
H1=2eU;sin(wt+o); apl:gen de rad frecv reale 5-500; detec sens de camp magn si tens el,rad in dom un&infrar;misc cp central:fta orientata in tp misc ktre
.fixcetru;en potent dep numai de dist 1.th mom cin cl l=rxp;mom c orb cuan:relativ+mom cin dspin neral;fara; l-mom cin orb; l=ux..x..-i/x; pot f masurate cu
max recizie norma si pr pe una dintre axe; lz==i/; lz^m()=lz..;=1/2exp(im);lz=m;(0,2)*()k()d=mk rel d orto; m-nr cuan magn cuantifica
pr mom cin pe oz;[l^2,lz]=0;l^2=-^2/sin^2 [sin/(sin/)+^2/^2]; l=l(l+1);fct proprii com: lzYlm(,)= mYlm;
l^2..0,20,)Yl1m1*Yl1m2sind=l1l2mim2.2l+1;H2 U(r):=-e^2/(40r)=lo^2/r;H=-^2/2m(r,,)-U(r);..cond comut (r,,)=R(r)Ylm(,); E>0
R(r)=exp(+-ikr);E=h^2K^2/2m;E<0;->0,r->;En=ff pt fiecare En coresp mai multe fct nlm;lmax=n-1;cond normare: |(r,,)|^2r^2sindrdd=1; =RY;pt
fct rad: o,)R^2r^2dr=1;rn(p)=n^2a;a=ff;Kramer;s=1;2; <U>=<-lo^2/r>=-lo^2/n^2a=2En <T>=-En=<p^2/2> Zeeman: l=iS=ev/(2r)r^2=e/(2me)l; |
l|;lz;W=ff;H=Ho+lzB;Enm(B)=En+e/(2me)Bm;Dat despicarii niv energetice in cp magn liniile spectrale pt un ansamblu deatomi se multiplicaIp sp
el(Uhlenbeck+Goudsmit): 1. e are un mom cin prop s,-mom cin de spin. K si mom cinetic orbital acesta va fi cuantificat |s|=h(s(s+1))^1/2 s-nr cuantic de spin
sz=msh=+-h/2.2 e are si 1 mom magn proprius-mom magn d spin, a carui proiectie sz pe o proiect oarecare poate lua 2val:sz=+-b=+-eh/(2m). St e in atom
este preci de setl de 4 nr cuantice n,l,m,ms.Gpi cuant si superetele semiconduct. Epitaxie-se pot obt heterostruct semicond avand dim de ord nano m, realiz o
localizare puternica a e si a golurilor. In disp el realiz cu ac struct apar fen fizice noi, inkre descr cuant a part-esentiala.(detector in infrarosu,detector bispectral