GROUP 4

LEADER:

Diorico, Roger Lee

MEMBERS:

Ariaz, Laika
Bel, Marie Claire
Camia, Cristine Joy
Caridad, Malaine Byle
Jose, Patricia Joy
Mercado, Joyce Ann
Raymundo, Jonathan
Rodolfo, Phillip Andrew
Saliendres, Daniel

SUBMITTED TO:

Mr. Kevin Espinocilla

INTRODUCTION
Acidic and basic are two extremes that describe a chemical property chemicals. Mixing acids and bases
can cancel out or neutralize their extreme effects. A substance that is neither acidic nor basic is neutral.

ACID
*Acids are ionic compounds (a compound with a positive or negative charge) that break apart in water to
form a hydrogen ion (H+).
*The strength of an acid is based on the concentration of H+ ions in the solution. The more H+ the
stronger the acid.

Example: HCl (Hydrochloric acid) in water

Characteristics of Acids:
**Acids taste sour
**Acids react strongly with metals (Zn + HCl)
**Strong Acids are dangerous and can burn your skin

BASE
*Bases are ionic compounds that break apart to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion (OH-) in water.
*The strength of a base is determined by the concentration of Hydroxide ions (OH-). The greater the
concentration of OH- ions the stronger the base.

Example: NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide-a strong base) in water

 **Solutions containing bases are often called alkaline.

Characteristics of Bases:
**Bases taste bitter
**Bases feel slippery
**Strong bases are very dangerous and can burn your skin

PH SCALE
The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is
neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic.

The pH scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic
than the next higher value. For example, pH 4 is ten times more acidic than pH 5 and 100 times (10 times
10) more acidic than pH 6. The same holds true for pH values above 7, each of which is ten times more
alkaline (another way to say basic) than the next lower whole value. For example, pH 10 is ten times more
alkaline than pH 9 and 100 times (10 times 10) more alkaline than pH 8.

Pure water is neutral. But when chemicals are mixed with water, the mixture can become either
acidic or basic.
EXPERIMENT 1

COLOR (WITHOUT COLOR (APPLIED

SOLUTION THE EXTARCT OF RED WITH THE EXTRACT
CABBAGE) OF CABBAGE

SHAMPOO SLIGHTLY WHITE VIOLET

DETERGENT BLUE GREEN YELLOW GREEN

VINEGAR TRANSPARENT PINK

WHITE

JUICE ORANGE RED ORANGE

BAKING SODA WHITE BLUE GREEN

CALAMANSI YELLOW RED

TOOTHPASTE WHITE LAVANDER

RESULTS:

The original color of solutions changed when we apply some red cabbage's extract. The shampoo became
violet. Detergent became yellow green. Vinegar became pink. Juice became red orange. Baking soda became blue
green. Calamansi became red. Tooth paste became Lavander
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. How does the color change with regards to the solution? Do you notice some pattern to the solution?

Base on experiment that we did, the solutions changed its color when we apply some extract of red
cabbage on it. I notice a pattern between the solutions. With the help of pH Scale, we can now determine
which solutions has the highest acidity and the highest alkaline.

2. Using the results, can you determine the level of acidity or basicity of the solution based on the results?
(rely on pH Scale)

Yes, base on the result, the acidity of vinegar, Juice and Calamansi increases, while the base of Shampoo,
Dertergent,
SOLUTIONS ACID/BASE PH LEVEL Baking Soda
and Tooth
paste
increases.
SHAMPOO BASE 11 Shampoo has
11 PH level,
Detergent
DETERGENT BASE 8 has 8 PH
level,
Vinegar has
VINEGAR ACID 0 0 PH level,
Juice has 4
PH level,
JUICE ACID 4 Baking Soda
has 9 PH
level,
BAKING SODA BASE 9 Calamansi
has 2 PH
level, and
CALAMANSI ACID 2 Toothpaste
has 10 PH
level.
TOOTHPASTE BASE 10

3. Make a table
of the results.