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Demand
Uncertainty
Supply
Inventory
Costs
Customer
Service
Work-in-process
Undergone some change but not
completed
A function of cycle time for a
product
Cycle time
95% 5%
Input Wait for Wait to Move Wait in queue Setup Run Output
inspection be moved time for operator time time
Percent of Percent of
Item Number of Annual Annual Annual
Stock Items Volume Unit Dollar Dollar
Number Stocked (units) x Cost = Volume Volume Class
#10286 20% 1,000 $ 90.00 $ 90,000 38.8% A
72%
#11526 500 154.00 77,000 33.2% A
Percent of Percent of
Item Number of Annual Annual Annual
Stock Items Volume Unit Dollar Dollar
Number Stocked (units) x Cost = Volume Volume Class
#12572 600 $ 14.17 $ 8,502 3.7% C
70
60
50
40
30
20 B Items
10 C Items
0 | | | | | | | | | |
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Percent of inventory items
Figure 12.2
Inventory turnover
cost of goods sold
avg. inventory
Weeks of Supply
avg. inventory on hand
avg. weekly usage
Inventory Level
inventory
Q
level)
2
Minimum
inventory
0
Time
Time
T T
Minimum
total cost
Annual cost
Holding cost
Q the unknown
size of the order
or lot
T MBA512E- Production and Operations Management Inventory Control 34
Relationships
Ordering Costs: (Order amount Q)
C(Q) = K + cQ
Holding Cost:
h = ic =(Interest Rate)(Cost of Inv.)
Average Inventory Size?
Under constant demand: Q/2
Time Between Orders:
Rate of consumption
D Q/T D
T = Q/D Q
Cost Function: hQ KD
TRC cD
2 Q
Approaches:
1. Solve for all possible values of Q and pick lowest TC
2. Graph each component and pick the minimum value
3. Solve analytically
15000
10000
5000
EOQ:
KD h 2 KD
2
0 Q*
Q 2 h
250%
200%
TRC/TRC*
150%
100%
50%
0%
Q/Q*
TRC (Q ' )
1 Q *
Q 1 1
* E
*
TRC (Q ) 2Q Q 2 E
Why do we care?
How do I find the best T that is also
practical?