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IS 397-0 (2003): Methods for Statistical Quality Control

During Production, Part 0: Guidelines for Selection of
Control Charts [MSD 3: Statistical Methods for Quality and
Reliability]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
Invent a New India Using Knowledge

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BharthariNtiatakam
Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen
 IS 397 (Part O) :2003

Indian Standard
METHODS FOR STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL
DURING PRODUCTION
PART O GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION OF CONTROL CHARTS

(First Revision )

ICS 03.120.30

0 BIS 2003

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

M({IJ2003 Price Group 3

Statistical Methods for Quality and Reliability Sectional Committee, MSD 3

FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Part O) (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Statistical Methods for Quality and Reliability Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Management and Systems Division Council .

The control charts are extensively being used by the industry for controlling the quality during manufacturing.
For this purpose, the Indian Standards describing various control charts to be used under different situations
have been published as different parts of IS 397.

For wider application, a need was felt to provide the guidelines for selection of an appropriate control chart for
a specific application. This standard has been brought out to fulfil that need and this standard has been made a
part of this series. Apart from the field of application, the merits and demerits of each type of chart are discussed.
The tabular presentation would enable the user to quickly select the relevant chart, to be used in a given situation.

This standard was originally issued in 1999. The revision of this standard has been under taken to incorporate
many changes in Table 1 under different headings.

In addition to this Part O, IS 397 has the following four parts:

(Part 1) :2002 Control charts for variables (second revision)

(Part 2) :2002 Control charts for attributes (third revision)
(Part 3) :2002 Special control charts by variables (first revision)
(Part 4) :2002 Special control charts by attributes @st revision)

The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex A.
 IS 397 (Part O) :2003

Indian Standard
METHODS FOR STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL
DURING PRODUCTION
PART O GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION OF CONTROL CHARTS

(First Revision )
1 SCOPE IS No. Title
(Part 3): 2002 Special control charts by variables
This standard (Part O) provides guidelines for selection
(first revision)
and use of appropriate control chart(s) for controlling
(Part 4): 2002 Special control charts by attributes
the processes during production. Merits and demerits (jirst revision)
of each &pe of control chart have also been discussed. Statistical vocabulary and symbols:
7920
(Part 1): 1994. Probability and general statistical
2 REFERENCES
terms (second revision)
The following standards contain provisions, which (Part 2): 1994 Statistical quality control (second
through reference in this text constitute provision of this revision)
standard. At the time of publication, the editions 14977:2001 Control charts based on inspection by
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision gauging
and parties to agreements based on this standard are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the 3 TERMINOLOGY
most recent editions of the standards indicated below: For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given
1S No. Title in IS 7920 (Part 1) and IS 7920 (Part 2) shall apply.
397 Methods for statistical quality control
4 TYPES OF CONTROL CHARTS AND THEIR
during production:
APPLICABILITY
(Part 1): 2002 Control charts for variables (second
revision) The guidance for choosing appropriate control charts
(Part 2): 2002 Control charts for attributes (third for control of process during production is given in
revision) Table 1.

Table 1 Types of Control Charts and Their Applicability

(Ckzuse 4)

S1 Type of General Field of Merits Demerits Ref to Cl of

No. Chart Application Indian Standard
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
Vuriable Type of Data

i) Y-R Control of individual a) Max imizes information a) Ditllcult to understand, 6.3.2.1 of IS 397
characteristic when from available data training becomes (Pfirt I)
sample results are b) Provides information necessary
available at small on central value and b) Less rmecise for
intervals andfor the variation for control assessment of variation
product is not perfectly
c) Samples of small size for large samples as
homogeneous
sutlices Rame mav be affected
bv presence of extreme
d) Convenient for shop- values.
floor operators
ii) T-s do Same as for ~ R a) Difficult to understand, 6.3.2. I of IS 397
a) becomes (Piirt 1)
training
chart
necessary
b) More urecise for
b) Reauires more
assessment of
calculations
variation
c) Acmlicable even for
large samples

-. .
IS 397 (Part O) :2003

Table 1 (Continued)

SI Type of Chart General Field of Merits Demerits Ref to Cl of

No. Application Indian Standard
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

iii) Median R Control of individual Same as ; R chart a) Inconvenient to use 6.3.2.2 of 1S 397
characteristic when when samole size is (Part I)
samDle results are Easy to adoot when large or even.
available at small sample size is odd and
b) Less efticient as
intervals and/or the small
comDared to mean
product is not perfectly c) More armropriate in chart
homogeneous certain situations for
example non-normal
distributions as
merhan is not affected
by extreme values
iv) Mid range R do Same as ~ - R chsrt Less efficient than mean 6.3.2.3 of 1S 397
chart (Part 1)
Calculation is
simplified
v) X (Individual) Control of individual Simple to operate Short-term variations not 6.3.3 of IS 39/
characteristic when Specification limits cart detectable (Part 1)
samde results are be suDer imtrosed on
available at longer control chart
* intervals or rsroduct is
homogeneous
vi) Moving Control of individual a) Need not wait for a) Successive points are 6 of IS 397
averages and characteristic when accumulation of samples not independent (Part 1)
moving range samde results are b) Provides an earlv b) Traditional inter-
available at small warning signal Dretation of mns is not
intervals and/or the valid
product is not perfectly c) I~is more et%cient than
homogeneous XR chari

vii) Extreme When sample is Iarrre Extremely simple since Not very usefisl when the 7 of Is 397
values in size (greater than no calculation is process is erratic (Part 3)
six) and sequence of required
production is irrelevant b) One chart instead of
two charts
viii) Coefficient of Relative variability in One chart instead of two More calculations are IS 397
variation relation to mean is of involved ~Part;;
concern
lx) Sloping Control of individual a) It minimizes the a) Useful ordv when 5 of Is 397
control characteristics when freauencv of process rmeess ca~abilitv (Part 3)
the process level is adjustments resulting index is very high
changing in corresponding cost b) Less efticient than
systematically reduction mean chart
b) Calculations are
simplified
x) Modified Control of individual Mav be used as adiustrttent Not recommended when 10 of IS 397
control characteristic when chart if systematic trends or comtwnents are meant for (Part I)
rmocess capability cyclic patterns exist assembly
index trigh
(preferably ~pk is more
than 1.50)
xi) Group control There must be several a) Involves less work in Needs experience and skill 4 of 1s397
sub-group sources that plotting the chart in interpretation (Part 3)
aotrroximatelv have b) Comoact trmaelsration
same Production rate ntak& it easier to
and process capability interpret
c) It is easier to identiti
sub-groups ronnina
consistently high or low
xii) Cusum Control of individual Particularly usetid when Needs trainimz and more 9 of IS 397
characteristic detection of small changes calculations (Part 3)
which go undetected in usual
charts and are yet vital
 1S 397 (Part O) :2003

Table 1 (Con/inue~

sl No. Type of General Field of Merits Demerits Ref to Cl of

Chart Application Indian Standard
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

Attribute Type of Data

xiii) np Control of overall Data rewired are often 4 Does not provide detailed 6.3.2 of 1S 397
fraction non-confor- already available from information for control of (Part 2)
ming items of a inspection records individual characteristic
process Easily understood b) Does not recognize
Provides overall picture degrees of defectiveness
in units of product
c) Reauires fixed samde
size from each sub-group
xiv) P Control of overall Same as for np chart a) Does not provide detailed 6.3.1 of 1S 397
proportiorr/percent information for control of (Part 2)
(proportion) This chart is used when
non-conforming sample size (n) varies. individual characteristic
items of a process b) Does not recormize
or degrees of defectiveness
P (percent) in units of product
c) Control limits varv with
the samole size, and
therefore. these limits
will not be straight lines
d) Reauires more cal-
cul;tions as comrrared to
trp chart
xv) Standardized Control of overall Control limits and Involves more calculations 6 of IS 397
, fraction non- standard line are fixed (Part 4)
P
con formirw of a Interpretation is
process facilitated
xvi) c (number of Control of overall Index of non- O Does not provide detailed 6.3.3 of IS 397
non- number of non- conformities Der unit is information for control of (Part 2)
conformities) conformities of a easily understandable individual characteristics
process Vew simple and easy to b) Not amdicabie when
understand unequal number of items
are beirw insoected from
each sub-group
xvii) u (number of Control of overall Auolicable in situations when Control limits depend on 6.3.4 of IS 397
non- number of non- sample size vary sample size and therefore, (Part 2)
conformities conformities uer these limits will not be straight
per item) item of a process lines
xviii) Demerit Control of non- d In addition to advantages Scoring system has to be 5 of Is 397
score confonnities with of c (or u-) chart, it takes worked out and its usages (Parl 4)
their criticality into account the explained through a
intensity, extent and suitable trainirw
seriousness of non- programme
conformity Involves more
b) Scoring system considers calculations
the extent and
seriousness of non-
conformities
xix) Master Control of overaH a) Armlieable in situations a) Does not provide 4 of Is 397
control fraction non- when aamole size 6om detailed information for (Part 4)
system conforming of a eaeh sub-group is different control of individual
process b) Provides immediate characteristic
picture for any dominant b) Does not recognize
variation for taking demee of defectiveness
immediate necessaw in units of product
action c) Standard and limits vaw
c) Minimum number ofp or c with the samule size and
charts to be maintained therefore. not suitable
d) Information can be used when samDle size vanes
for audit and control (quantity inspected)

e) Nurrdxr of non-
conformities with details
of sources are reeorded

----
IS 397 (Part O) :2003

Table 1 (Concluded)

S1 No. Type of General Field of Merits Demerits Ref to Cl of

Chart Application Indian Standard
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
xx) c-a, c+a Control of individual a) Data on number of Remires training and 6 of IS 14977
(Inspection chamcteristics. when oversize and undersize convictionthat narrowgauging
by gauging) hitting the target is items available will not be harsh in application
essential. as in b) Measurement of since artificial level of
assembly operations individual values is accermmce is created
difficult. uneconomic consistent with oualitv
or impossible but easv requirements
to know whether it is
below or above a
certain value X

As substitute of ~ - R
c)
chart. it recwires larger
sample size but stilI
reduces overall ;
inspection load
d) It is more efficient than ,!,,

p chart .,:

4
 IS 397 (Part O) :2003

ANNEX A
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Statistical Methods for Quality and Reliability Sectional Committee, MSD 3

Organization Representative(s)
Kolkata University, Kolkata PROF S. P. MUKHEFUEE
(Chairman)

Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited, Hyderabad SHtU S. N. JHA

Smu A. V. KRJSHNAN(Alternate)

Continental Device India Limited, New Delhi DR NAVIN KAPUR

SHRJVIPtm GUPTA (Akernate)
Directorate General of Quality Assurance, New Delhi SHJUS. K. SKJVASTVA
LT COL P. VUA~AN (Alternate)
Laser Science and Technology Centre, DRDO, New Delhi DR ASHOK KUMAR

Escorts Limited, Faridabad SHFOC. S. V. NARENDRA

HMT Ltd, R&D Centre, Bangalore SHRJK. VUAYAMMA

Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi DR S. D. SHARMA

DR A. K. SFUVASTAVA(Alternate)

Indian Association for Productivity, Quality & Reliability, Kolkata DR B. DAS

Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow PROFS. CHARRABORTV

Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata PROF S. R. MOHAN

PROF ARVINO SETH(Alternate)

National Institution for Quality and Reliability, New Delhi SHIUY. K. BHAT
SHRJG. W. DATEY (Ahernate)

Powergrid Corporation of [ndla Limited, New Delhi DR S. K.AQARWAL

SHru D. Ct+mwoRw (Al~ernate)
SRF Limited, Chennai SHRIA. SANJEEVAho
SHJUC. DESIGAN (A/ternate)

Standardization, Testing and Quality Certification, New Delhi SHru S, K. iCJMOTHJ

SHRJP. N. SRJKANTH(Alternate)

TELCO. Jamshedpur SHRIS. KUMAR

SHRJSsr.mm SARUP (Akerrrate)

University of Delhi, Delhi PROF M. C. AGRAWAL

In personal capacity (20/1, Krishna Nagar, Safdayung Enclave, SHRt D. R. S!m

New Delhi 110029)
In personal capacity (B-109, A4alviyaNagar, New Delhi 110017) PROFA. N. NANKANA

BIS Directorate General SHRIP. K. GAMBJUR,Director& Head (MSD)

[RepresentingDirector General (Ek@cio)]

Member Secretary
SHRILALIT KUMAR MEHTA
Deputy Director (MSD), BIS

Basic Statistical Methods Subcommittee, MSD 3:1

Kolkata University, Kolkata PROF S. P. MUKHERJEE

(Convener)
Laser Science and Technology Centre, DRDO, New Delhi DR ASHOK KUMAR
Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi DR S. D. SHARMA
Indian Association for Productivity, Quality & Reliability, Kolkata DR B. DAS
DR A. L.mru (Aherrrate)

(Con/inwd on page 6)

----
 ,.
,,

1S 397 (Part O) :2003

(Co/Ili/Il(ed,/;.oIJI page 5)

Organization Representative(s)

Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow PROF S. CHAKRABORTY

Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata PROF S. R. MOHAN

National institution for Quality and Reliability, New Delhi SHRIY. K. BHAT
SHIUG. W. DATEY (,4/terns/e)
Powergrid Corporation of India Ltd, New Delhi DR S. K. AGARWAL
Standardization, Testing and Quality Certification, New Delhi SHRIS. K. KIMOTHI
TELCO. Pune SHRI SHANTISARUP
LJn]versity College of Medical Sciences, Delhi DR A. IiNDRAy~~
University of Delhi, Delhi PROF M. C. AGRAWA~
In personal capacity (20/1, Krishna Nagar, Safdaqung Enclave, SHRID. R. SEN
Ne,t Delhi 110029)
in personal capacity (B-109, Malviya Nagar, New Delhi 110017) PROF A. N. NANKANA

Panel for Process Control, MSD 3: lfP-2

[n personal capacity (B-109, Malviya Nagar, New Delhi 110017) PROFA. N. NAtWUNA (Convener)
National Institution for Quality and Reliability, New Delhi SHIUY. K. BHAT
Powergrid Corporation of India Limited, New Delhi DR S. K. AGARWAL
Standardization, Testing and Quality Certification, New Delhi SHIUS. K. KtMOTH1
TELCO, Pune SHRISHANTISARUP
In personal capacity (20/1, Krishna Nagar, Safdayung Enclave, SFIWD. R. SEN
Ne\~ Delhi 110029)

6
Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.

Copyright

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without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments
BIS Catalogue and Standards: Monthly Additions.
of comments. Standards are also reviewed
such review indicates that no changes are
up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
or edition by referring to the latest issue of

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. MSD 3 (216).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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