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Introduction to Sub-netting
IP - Internet Protocol
(computing) Internet Protocol address; a sequence of numbers used
to identify a particular computer or domain name on the Internet
Each class, coded by the first four bits of the address, defined a different
size or type (unicast or multicast) of the network.
For example, a company that will have 50 computers, will not need a
network of 5000 computers, And on the contrary, a company that needs
5000 computers does not need a network that can only hold 50
computers. This is the main reason that engineers decided that IP address
space should be divided in different classes in order to meet different
requirements.
Leading
Number of
bits in Range of first Network ID Host ID Number of
Class addresses per
address octet (decimal) format format networks
network
(binary)
N.H.H.H
1-126
0 can not be used as Net ID
127 is reserved for loop back functions
126 Different Networks
16,777,214 Hosts per Network
This network is a 16-bit network prefix; its highest bit order is set to 1-0.
It is a 14-bit network number with a 16-bit host number.
This class defines 16,384 (214) /16 networks, and supports a maximum of
65,534 (216 -2) hosts per network. Class B /16 block address is (1,073,741,824)
= 230; therefore it represent 25% of the total IPV4.
N.N.H.H
128-191
The first IP Address is the NET ID
The last IP Address is the Broadcast Address
16,384 Different Networks
65543 Hosts per Network
This is a 24-bit network prefix; it has a 3 bit set to the highest order 1-1-0.
It is a 21-bit network number with 8-bit host number.
This class defines a maximum of 2,097,152 (221 ) /24 networks. And each
network supports up to 254 (28 -2) hosts. The entire class C network
represents 229 (536,870,912) addresses; therefore it is only 12.5 % of the total
IPv4.
N.N.N.H
192-223
The first IP Address is the NET ID
The last IP Address is the Broadcast Address
2,097,152 Different Networks
254 Hosts per Network
Class D has its highest bit order set to 1-1-1-0 it is used to support
multicasting.
Class E has its highest bit order set to 1-1-1-1 which is reserved for
experimental use.
Task 2
Implement the above network in Packet Tracer with at least 7 hosts
also show the first and last host.
Purpose:
The lab is intended to familiarize the students with a networking technique of
SUBNETTING.
In subnetting, a network is divided into smaller subnets with each subnet having
its own subnet address.
In subnetting, a network is divided into smaller subnets with each subnet having
its own subnet address.
Benefits of subnetting
Reduced network traffic
Simplified management
Smaller broadcast domains
The purpose of subnetting is that by using only one given IP we can make
different networks.
E.g. If the Given IP is: 172.16.0.0 and we are required to make 169 Subnets,
then, by using the following formula for subnets we can find the no. of bits
required for the subnets:
Subnet Mask
One solution to the IP address shortage was thought to be the subnet
mask.
Formalized in 1985 (RFC 950), the subnet mask breaks a single class A,
B or C network in to smaller pieces.
Subnetwork benefits
Subnet Address
Subnet Example
Class B address such as 172.16.0.0 might use its third byte to identify subnet
Masking
Routing
Hosts and routers perform logical AND to send packets
172.16.1.3 has a packet for 172.16.4.2 and determine that it is on other subnetwork
The packet is sent to the router
The router performs a subnet masking and sends the packet to the destination
network
February 26, 2014 Sajid Ali Gillal 45
cont.. .
Subnet interpretation
Using /24
subnet Network Network Subnet Host
The purpose of subnetting is that by using only one given IP we can make
different networks.
E.g. If the Given IP is: 172.16.0.0 and we are required to make 169 Subnets,
then, by using the following formula for subnets we can find the no. of bits
required for the subnets:
Types of interfaces:
Ethernet
Fast Ethernet
Serial
ISDN BRI
Loopback
Console
Aux
Task 2
Implement first two subnets created in Task (1-2)
in Packet Tracer.