Assessment of Body Mass Indexof Children in Tribal Dominated Area of Barkagaon, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India

IDL - International Digital Library Of
Science & Research

Volume 1, Issue 2, Mar 2017 Available at: www.dbpublications.org
International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017
ASSESSMENT OF BODY MASS

INDEXOF CHILDREN IN TRIBAL
DOMINATED AREA OF BARKAGAON,
HAZARIBAG, JHARKHAND, INDIA
Rajendra Kumar, K.K.Gupta, Bipinkumar* and D.N. Sadhu
P.G. Department of Zoology & P. G. Department of Geology*
VinobaBhave University, Hazaribag - 825319 Jharkhand, India.
Email: rajendra.hzb2@gmail.com ,
kishore_gupta30@yahoo.comand dr.d.n.sadhu@gmail.com
Abstract successful implementation of right to food security

The present study was carried out to determine act of India.
Body Mass Index(BMI) of 202children (06-14
Key words: BMI; School children; Malnutrition;
years age)of Primary School, Gandhoniya and
Potable water; Barkagaon
Upgraded Middle School, Potanga, Barkagaon (230
525N latitude and 850 14 15 E longitude),
Introduction:
Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India.The study was
Nutrition is of fundamental importance to life and
conducted between August 2013 to July2015.
plays an important role in the growth and all round
Ascientific questionnaire was developed to
development, which is also an important indicator
correlate the data containing food habits, access to
of the state of health (Dar and Rather, 2014).
potable water, life style, medical history
Children are in a continuous phase of growth and
andeducational level of parents and children of the
development requiring proper supply of nutrients
study area with the BMI. Theresultshowed that
like protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins
most of the children were under weight (<18.5kg,
and also potable water to keep pace with
WHO, 2004)due tomalnutrition.Therefore, it is
theincreased metabolic demand of the body. If
suggested to plan door to door visit forextensive
nutritional inadequacy is continued for a long
surveyof the area in light of the above factors to
period of time it causes low weight, small height
draw a meaningful conclusion and necessary steps
and low I.Q. (Bhavsaret al., 2012; Kumar and
to be taken for mitigating the problemthrough
Sadhu, 2015). India is the largest democratic
IDL - International Digital Library 1|P a g e Copyright@IDL-2017

Science & Research

country in the world having second largest Barkagaon block is situated at 230 52 5 N latitude
population and third largest economy in the term of and 850 14 15 E longitude. Children of two tribal
purchasing power (PPP), is home to almost one dominated schools namely Primary School,
third of the worlds total malnourished children are Gandhoniya and Upgraded Middle School, Potanga
residing in India (Shahnawaz and Singh, 2014). under Potangapanchyat of Hazaribag, Jharkhand
This malnutrition is due to socio economic have been selected for study, having an average
condition of people inhabiting in any areas. rain fall of 1485 mm/year and altitude of above 600
Malnutrition of pre-school children (0- meters from mean sea level. The district
6yrs) is one of the most serious health problems in headquarter is about 65km away from study area
developing countries including India (Badamiet al., which is connected by SH- 07 with NH- 33. The
2014). It retards skeletal and cardiac muscle area is rich in mineral deposits mainly the coal and
formation causing chest infection and cardiac is also surrounded by moderate to dense forest
failure more common (Nightingale et al., 1996). traversed by many natural streams. Topography of
Every year more than 6,000 children below five the area is undulating (fig-1).
yearsdie in India (Rajaretamet al., 2013). Material and Method:-
Malnutrition is not only a risk factor for neonatal The study area was selected by stratified sampling
death, but also a cause for disability, mental technique after Bahaa, 2002. Total 202
retardation, poor health, blindness and premature schoolchildren of both sexes of age between 06-16
death. There are two types of malnutrition, protein years of two sample schools were selected for the
energy malnutrition (PEM) and micro nutriments study during the period of August 2013 to July
deficiency(MND). The causes of malnutrition are 2015. The investigation carried out to determine
varied in nature such as poverty, hunger, lack of food habit, access to potable water, life style,
education, socio-economic status, use of unsafe medical history, educational level of parents and
drinking water containing fluoride(Kumar and children by personal interview of the child on the
Sadhu,2013 and 2015), lack of proper health care basis of model questionnaire having multiple
and also inadequate as well as inappropriate food choices. An anthrometric method were used to
habit.In Jharkhand, very little study has been done measure height, weight of each child and also noted
on the occurrence of malnutrition of school going nutritional status. The body mass index (BMI) was
children in tribal belt. In view of the above, the calculated as the weight in kg/height in meter2.
present study has been carried out to evaluate the Result and Discussion: -
extent of malnutrition and its impact on health The sample size was taken for 202 students of two
amongchildren (06-14 yrs) in some of the tribal schools (table-1). The result of Body Mass Index
dominated pockets of Barkagaon, Hazaribag, (BMI) was compared with the International
Jharkhand, India. Classification of adult underweight, overweight and
About study area: obesity according to BMI (WHO, 2004). It is
commonly used to identify the degree of

Science & Research

nourishment of person and can be calculated as the The above results showed that the children of both
weight in kilogram divided by the square of the sexes were showing almost similar type of results.
2
height in meter (kg/m ). The World Health Inhigher age 14-16 yrs of male and femalechildren
Organisation (2004) has simply classified BMI into were requiring higher nutritional intake which is
Underweight 18.5kg/m , Normal range 18.6 to
2
being compensated with the available food
24.99 kg/m 2
and Overweight25 kg/m . The 2
resources in the locality as they are conscious about
anthropometry result suggested that out of 202 their health and nutrition. These results indicated
children 86% were fallen into severe to severely that about 35%female and 9.53% male children
underweight (18.5kg/m ) and rest found to be
2
between 12-14yrs proceeded towards normal
2
mild to normal category (>18.6 to24.99kg/m ) weight, table 1 &2.
(tables- 1 &2). If we compare the result on the The data showed that 75% of guardians were
basis sex ratio, out of 202, in 106 female children, illiterate while 94% were economically backward
79% were under weight, 20% normal and 1% over and majority of them holding BPL cards so, above
weight shown in table-1. If we further compare the results and these factors clearly indicated that
data on the basis of age groups among female malnutrition in the study area(table-3).
children between 06-08yrs, 08-10yrs and 10-12yrs The high rate of malnutrition can be attributed to
of total 27, 12 and 15 children respectively, all village area of the children sampled where low
were fallen into underweight. Age between 12-14 economic status, illiteracy, poor health facilities
yrs out of 44 children,63.63% underweight and exist (Bhavsaret al.,2012). Sukanyaet al., 2014 also
13.10% were normal while 20.27% were reported that increasing prevalence of malnutrition
overweight. Age between 14-16 yrs, it was noted with increasing age. The above results also showed
that 12.5% were underweight where as 87.15% same in nature. Therefore, the present paper leads
were recorded normal. to be concluded that majority of the children were
Parallely, out of 202, 96 male children of the study suffering from various degree of BMI. So, proper
area showed that 94% children were underweight nutrition awareness programme should be planned
while 6% normal. If we compare the results in in the study area and supplementary nutritional diet
different age groups of male children, it was noted should be provided by government or NGOs to
that age between 06-08yrs out of 32 children save the children in general and tribal in a
96.87% were underweight and remaining 3.3% particular.
were normal. In between 08-10 yrs age out of 16 Suggestions:
childrenwere all underweight. In age between 10- For proper growth of children of the study
12 yrs out of 25 children 96% were underweight area should be monitored regularly after
and remaining was normal. In age between 12-14 organising camp in every three month,
yrs out of 21 children 90.47% were underweight required medicine and nutritional kit,
while 9.53% were normal. Among 14-16yrs age of vitamins etc. Should be provided in the
all children were normal. camp.

Science & Research

Regular and mass campaign through 3. Kumar R. and Sadhu D.N.,(2013):As-
Anganwari, NGOs etc should be done in sessment of drinking water quality in
the area with proper monitoring. tribal dominated villages of Barkagaon,
BPL families should be properly trained Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India, European
for their status of nutritional health. Scientific Journal, edition vol. 9 no.35
Govt.financial assistance and subsidy ISSN: 1857-7881(priw)e- ISSN 1857-
should be utilised properly by 7431 pp. 331-338.
MahilaMandal of each and every village 4. Kumar R. and Sadhu D.N.,(2015): Impact
should function properly to look after the of fluoride on teeth and Intelligence of
facilities received from govt. agencies to Tribal Children in Barkagaon, Hazaribag,
be utilised properly. Jharkhand, India, International Journal of
Potable water quality assessment and Aquatic Science and technology, Vol-3(1),
guidance should be extended by the govt. April 2015, ISSN: 2320-6772, pp. 6-16.
and block level to each and every 5. Nightingle, JMD: Three simple method of
individual of the area to insure that quality detecting malnutrition on medical wards;
drinking water is available. Journal of The Royal Society of Medicine,
Through digital India monitoring progress Vol.89 March 1996.pp. 144-148
should be done regulalary for successful 6. Rajaretnam,T. And Gupta, Silpi:
implementation of right to food security Magnitude and Causes of Malnutrition in
act of India. Jharkhand, Indai, A Study in Hazaribag
References and Khuti District. Mumbai: Tata Institute
1. BhavsarSaiprasad, Hemant Mahajan and of Social Sciences,
Kulkarni Rajan: Maternal and 2013,www.planindia.org 1857.
Environmental Factors Affecting the 7. SukanyaBadami V, Baragundi Mahesh C.,
Nutritinol Status of Children in Mumbi SureharaniChinagudi S., ShailajaPatil and
Urban Slum; International Journal of RenukaGadwal: Assessment of Nutritional
Scientific and Research Publication, Status of Preschool Children Using Head
Vol.2,Issue11, November 2012, pp.1-9 Circumference; International Journal of
2. BahaaAbalkhail and SherineShawky: Medical and Applied Sciences, Vol.4,
Comprision between body mass index, Issue3, November:2014 pp72-75.
triceps skin fold thickness and mid-arm 8. Shahnawaz and Singh JatinderBir:
muscle circumference in Saudi Nutritinal status among the children living
adolescents; Annals of Saudi in predominantly tribal block of Jhadol in
Medicine,vol. 22,nos.5-6,2002.pp- 324- district Udaipur, Rajasthan, India: A Cross
327 Sectional Study; Epidemiology

Science & Research

Biostatistics and Public Health vol.11 9. World Health Organisation (WHO): Child
No.2, 2014, pp. e8893-1 to 7. growth standards: method and
development; 2006.
Fig-1: Showing the location of the Study Area

(230 52 5 N latitude and 850 14 15 E longitude)
(Not to scale)
Table-1 Showing BMI of Female Children

Age No. of Mean BMI
group female SD BMI Under % Normal % Over %
children weight weight
06-08 27 13.14 27 100 - - - -
08-10 12 14.68 12 100 - - - -
10-12 15 14.75 15 100 - - - -
12-14 44 16.57 28 63.63 15 34.10 01 2.27

Science & Research

14-16 8 19.49 01 12.50 07 87.50 - -
Total 106 -
Table-2 Showing BMI of Male Children

Age No. of Mean BMI
group male SD BMI Under % Normal % Over %
children weight weight
06-08 32 13.58 31 96.87 01 3.13 - -
08-10 16 14.76 16 100 - - - -
10-12 25 14.98 24 96 01 4 - -
12-14 21 16.31 19 90.47 02 9.53 - -
14-16 02 17.95 - - 02 100 - -
Total 96 -
Fig.-2: Showing the category of BMI in Male Children
14-16 yrs
12-14 yrs
Over weight
10-12yrs
Normal
Under weight
08-10 yrs
06-08 yrs
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Fig.-3: Showing the category of BMI in Female Children

Science & Research
14-16 yrs
12-14 yrs
Over weight
10-12yrs
Normal
08-10 yrs Under weight
06-08 yrs
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Assessment of Body Mass Indexof Children in Tribal Dominated Area of Barkagaon, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Assessment of Body Mass Indexof Children in Tribal Dominated Area of Barkagaon, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

IDL - International Digital Library Of

Science & Research

International e-Journal For Science And Research-2017