On the Mass Varying Neutrino

Scenario

Gennady Y. Chitov
Laurentian University
Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
Collaborators:
Tina Kahniashvili, Carnegie Mellon, USA
Tyler August, Laurentian, Canada
 Outline:

Some Basic Facts on Cosmology:

History, Time Scales,
Bookkeeping: Radiation, Matter, Dark Matter, Dark Energy
Model and Formalism
Mass (Gap) Equation
Three Phases of the Universe (Stable, Metastable, Unstable)
Parameters of the Model (Results)
Scales and Observable Universe: Toward the End of Times
Conclusions
Standard Model of Particle Physics = We understand matter!!

Baryons = bulk of the matter

Courtesy of: Ubi Wichoski at Laurentian University
 The Origin of Matter

Unification e+ e- annihilation
Structure
Quark-gluon plasma Nucleosynthesis Formation

Baryongenesis Recombination
CMB

Standard Model of
Particle Physics Courtesy of: Ubi Wichoski at Laurentian University
Contents of the Universe

Baryons

Dark Matter
22%

Dark Energy
74%

Courtesy of: Ubi Wichoski at Laurentian University

Dark Energy: History and Background

Einstein Equations:

Friedmann Equations:
Universe = Ideal Perfect Fluid
Flat Universe
Energy conservation
(Continuity Equation)
Matter Distribution Determines Spatial Geometry of the Universe:

Observations: Current Universe is very close to a spatially flat geometry (1)

This is a natural result from inflation theory of the early Universe

De Sitter Universe
NB: Inflation

Equation of State: w=P/

Dark Energy and Cosmological Constant
Einstein (1917)

term : = p ae Ht

Dark Energy, Anti-Gravity (Gravitational Repulsion)

 DE and Cosmological Constant:
(1) Fine Tuning Problem
Observations:
(1998)

QFT & other theories:

(vacuum energy)
DE and DM:
(2) Coincidence Problem DE DM

At current time, densities of DE, DM

and cosmological neutrinos are roughly
comparable.
Narrow Coincidence: DE density and
neutrino mass are controlled by the same
mass scale M

DE M 4 m M
The origin of neutrino mass is not
explained by the Standard Model
 Intermission: Summary #1
DE 30 (103 eV )4
DE DM
m 101 103 eV
Wikipedia
U ( )
Scalar Field Quintessence (Fifth Force)
1) Gravity
2) E&M
3) Strong
4) Weak
5) ???

References:

DE/DM-dominated era
 Varying Mass Particles (VAMPS)
Ingredients:
1) Scalar field (Quintessence) DE m VAMPs
2) Massless Particles Anderson & Carroll, 1997
3) Yukawa coupling Hoffmann, 2003

Mass-Varying Neutrino (MaVaN) Scenario

Fardon, Nelson & Weiner (2004)

Main Problem: Instability

Solution (?????)
Mass Varying Neutrino Scenario (MaVaN):

(1) We study the case when the quintessence potential U does not have a
non-trivial minimum

the generation of the fermion mass is due to breaking of the chiral

symmetry in the Dirac sector of the Lagrangian.

(2) We assume the cosmological evolution governed by the scalar factor

a(t) to be slow enough:

The system is at equilibrium at a given temperature T(a)

The methods of the thermal quantum field theory can be applied.

(3) We study possibly the simplest minimal model:

fermions are described by the Dirac spinor field

zero chemical potential
Model and Formalism:
The euclidian action of the model in the FRLW metric:

The partition function The Ratra-Peebles

of the coupled model quintessence potential

Saddle-Point Approximation Min of the (Grand) Thermodynamic Potential

Mass Equation and Critical Temperatures:

Mass equation:
There are 3 phases:
(1) Stable (T>>M)
(2) Metastable (T~M)
(3) Unstable (T>M)
via First-Order Phase Transition
Masses vs Temperature:
Equation of State: w = P /
Stability:
Scales and Observable Universe: Toward the End of Times

Currently we are below the critical temperature (!!!)

The equation of motion:

Single scale M (!!)

Conclusions:
1. We address the origin of the neutrino mass in the framework of the MaVaN
scenario .
Model: DE-DM with the Ratra-Peebles quintessence potential

2. Following the time arrow, the stable, metastable and unstable phases are
predicted.

3. The present Universe is below its critical temperature (unstable phase).

The first-order phase transition occurs from the (meta)stable oscillatory to
the unstable rolling regime of the quintessence field.

4. By choosing the scale of the potential M to match the present DE density, we

obtain the present neutrino mass within the experimentally accepted range
the consistent estimate for critical temperatures within the matter-dominated
era.