A drug is any substance (other than food that provides nutritional support) that,

when inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed via a patch on the skin, or dissolved under the
tongue, causes a physiological change in the body.

In pharmacology, a pharmaceutical drug, also called a medication or medicine, is a chemical

substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or to promote well-being. Traditionally
drugs were obtained through extraction from medicinal plants, but more recently also by organic
synthesis. Pharmaceutical drugs may be used for a limited duration, or on a regular basis for chronic
disorders.

Pharmaceutical drugs are often classified into drug classesgroups of related drugs that have
similar chemical structures, the same mechanism of action (binding to the same biological target), a
related mode of action, and that are used to treat the same disease. The Anatomical Therapeutic
Chemical Classification System (ATC), the most widely used drug classification system, assigns
drugs a unique ATC code, which is an alphanumeric code that assigns it to specific drug classes
within the ATC system. Another major classification system is the Biopharmaceutics Classification
System. This classifies drugs according to their solubility and permeability or absorption properties.

Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that affect the function of the central nervous system,
altering perception, mood or consciousness.] They include alcohol, a depressant (and a stimulant in
small quantities), and the stimulantsnicotine and caffeine. These three are the most widely
consumed psychoactive drugs worldwide and are also considered recreational drugs since they are
used for pleasure rather than medicinal purposes. Other recreational drugs
include hallucinogens, opiates and amphetamines and some of these are also used in spiritual or
religious settings. Some drugs can cause addiction and all drugs can have side effects. Excessive
use of stimulants can promote stimulant psychosis. Many recreational drugs are illicit and
international treaties such as the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs exist for the purpose of
their prohibition.

NEGATIVE EFFECTS
Drugs are chemicals. Different drugs, because of their chemical structures, can affect the body
in different ways. In fact, some drugs can even change a person's body and brain in ways that
last long after the person has stopped taking drugs, maybe even permanently.

Depending on the drug, it can enter the human body in a number of ways, including injection,
inhalation, and ingestion. The method of how it enters the body impacts on how the drug affects
the person. For example: injection takes the drug directly into the blood stream, providing more
immediate effects; while ingestion requires the drug to pass through the digestive system,
delaying the effects.
Most abused drugs directly or indirectly target the brain's reward system by flooding the circuit
with dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter present in regions of the brain that regulate
movement, emotion, cognition, motivation, and feelings of pleasure. When drugs enter the
brain, they can actually change how the brain performs its jobs. These changes are what lead to
compulsive drug use, the hallmark of addiction.