B List of possible outcomes in each event:

A = {The two number are not the same}

= { (1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,6),(2,1),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6),(3,2),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),(4,1),
(4,3),(4,5),(5,1)(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,6),(6,1),(6,2),(6,4),(6,5) }

B = { the product of the two number’s is greater than 36}

C = { Both number are prime or the difference between the two number’s is odd }
= { (2,2),(2,3),(2,5),(3,2),(3,3),(3,5),(5,2),(5,3),(5,5),(1,2),(1,4),(1,6),(2,1),(3,4),
(3,6),(4,1),(4,3),(4,5),(5,4),(5,6),(6,1),(6,3),(6,5) }

D = { The sum of the two number’s are even and both number’s are prime }
= { (2,2),(3,3),(3,5),(5,3),(5,5) }
P(A) = 5/6
P(B) = 0
P(C) = 23/36
P(O) = 5/36

Part 4

A.

Sum of the two number (χ) Frequency (ƒ)

2 1
3 3
4 1
5 7
6 5
7 9
8 13
9 4
10 2
11 5
12 0
 χ Frequency ( ƒ ) ƒ(χ) χ² ƒχ²
2 2 4 4 8
3 3 9 9 27
4 3 12 16 48
5 6 30 25 150
6 5 30 36 180
7 8 56 49 392
8 13 104 64 832
9 4 36 81 324
10 2 20 100 200
11 3 33 121 363
12 1 12 144 144
50 ∑ƒχ = 346 649 ∑ƒχ² = 2668

1) Mean ( χ )= (2x1)+(3x3)+(4x1)+(5x7)+(6x5)+(7x9)+(8x13)+
(9x4)+(10x2)+(11x2)+(11x5) +(12x0)
1+3+1+1+7+5+9+13+4+2+5

= 2+9+4+63+35+30+104+36+20+55
50

= 358
50

= 7.2

2) Variance (σ²)= (2²x1)+(3 ²x3)+(4 ²x1)+(5 ²x1)+(6 ²x5)+(7 ²x9)+(8 ²x13)+

(9 ²x4)+(10 ²x2)+(11 ²x5)+(12 ²x0)
50
358 ²
50

= 2804 _ 32041
50 625

= 56.08-51.27

= 4.81

Standard deviation = √∑ƒχ² _ χ²

∑ƒ

= √ 1 [∑ƒ(χ - χ )²]
∑ƒ
 = 1 [ ∑(χ –χ)] ²
N

3) Standart Deviation (σ) = √1/50 [50(77-7.2)]

= √1/50[50(69.8)]
= √1/50( 24360)²
= √487.04
= 69.8
B

(χ) (ƒ) ƒ(χ) χ² ƒχ²

2 4 8 4 16
3 7 21 9 63
4 3 12 16 48
5 8 40 25 200
6 18 108 36 648
7 18 126 49 882
8 13 104 64 832
9 19 171 81 1539
10 7 70 100 700
11 2 22 121 242
12 1 12 144 144
∑ƒ(χ) = 694 ∑χ² = 649 ∑ƒχ² = 314

C) 1) Mean ( χ ) = (2x4)+(3x7)+(4x3)+(5x8)+(6x18)+(7x18)+(8x13)+(9x19)+(10x7)
+(11x2)+(12x1)
100

= 8+21+12+40+108+126+104+171+70+22+12
100

= 694
100

= 6.94

2) Variance (σ²)= (2²x4)+(4²x3)+(5²x8)+(6²x18)+(7²x18)+ _ 694 ²

(8²x13)+(9²x19)+(10²x7)+ (4²x2)+(12²x1) 100
100

= 16+63+48+200+648+882+ _ 694 ²
832+1539+700+242+144 100
100
 = 5 341 _ 48.16
100

= 53.14 – 48.16

= 4.98

3) Standart Deviation (σ) = √ 1 [100 (77- 6.94)² ]

100

= √ 1 [100 (70.06)² ]
100

= √ 1 [100 (4908.40) ]
100

= √ 1 (490840)
100

= 70.05

PART 5

A)

Sum of the two P(χ) χ P(χ) χ² χ² P(χ)

number (χ)
2 1/36 2/36 4 1/9
3 2/36 6/36 6 1/3
4 3/36 12/36 16 4/3
5 4/36 20/36 25 25/9
6 5/36 30/36 36 5
7 6/36 42/36 42 7
8 5/36 40/36 64 80/9
9 4/36 36/36 81 9
10 3/36 30/36 100 25/3
11 2/36 22/36 121 121/18
12 1/36 12/36 144 4
∑χ P(χ) = 639 ∑χ² P(χ) =
252/36 1973/36
 1) Mean ( χ ) = 252/36
=7

2) Variance (σ²) = 1973/36 - 7²

= 5.833

3) Standart Deviation (σ) = √ 5.833

= 2.415

B) Comparison of mean, variance and standart deviation from Part 4 and Part 5

Part 4 (a) Part 4(b) Part 5

Mean 7
Variance 5.833
Standart Deviation 2.415

η Mean
50
100

C) As η changes, the range of the mean of the sum of the two numbers is between 6
and 8

Supporting Conjecture

From the probability distribution graph, it shown that the ramge of mean is between
6 and 8
 .

0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Probability distribution for the sum of two six-sided dice.

An illustration of the Law of Large Numbers using die rolls. As the number of die
rolls increases, the average of the values of all the rolls approaches 3.5.
In probability theory, the law of large numbers(LLN) is a theorem that describes
the result of performing the same experiment a large number of times. According
to the law, the average of the results obtained from a large number of trials
should be close to the expected value, and will tend to become closer as more
trials are performed.

For example, a single roll of a six-sided dieproduces one of the numbers 1, 2, 3,

4, 5, 6, each with equal probability. Therefore, the expected value of a single die
roll is

According to the law of large numbers, if a large number of dice are rolled,
the average of their values (sometimes called the sample mean) is likely to
be close to 3.5, with the accuracy increasing as more dice are rolled.

Similarly, when a fair coin is flipped once, the expected value of the number
of heads is equal to one half. Therefore, according to the law of large
numbers, the proportion of heads in a large number of coin flips should be
roughly one half. In particular, the proportion of heads after n flips will almost
surely converge to one half as n approaches infinity.

Though the proportion of heads (and tails) approaches half, almost

surely the absolute (nominal) difference in the number of heads and tails will
become large as the number of flips becomes large. That is, the probability
that the absolute difference is a small number approaches zero as number
of flips becomes large. Also, almost surely the ratio of the absolute
difference to number of flips will approach zero. Intuitively, expected
absolute difference grows, but at a slower rate than the number of flips, as
the number of flips grows.

The LLN is important because it "guarantees" stable long-term results for

random events. For example, while a casino may lose money in a single
spin of the roulette wheel, its earnings will tend towards a predictable
percentage over a large number of spins. Any winning streak by a player will
eventually be overcome by the parameters of the game. It is important to
remember that the LLN only applies (as the name indicates) when a large
number of observations are considered. There is no principle that a small
number of observations will converge to the expected value or that a streak
of one value will immediately be "balanced" by the others. See
the Gambler's fallacy.