Brand name Pantoloc / Pantoloc IV

Classification Proton pump inhibitor. Antacids

Dosage 40mg IV OD while on NPO
Pantoprazole inhibits the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the
Action
stomach by specific action on the proton pumps of the parietal cells.
For symptomatic improvement of heartburn, acid regurgitation,
zolprantoPa

pain on swallowing and healing of mild reflux esophagitis. NOT for

Indication
mild GI complaints eg nervous dyspepsia, in Hepatic impairment and
pregnancy.
Headache, diarrhea. Rarely: nausea, upper abdominal pain,
e

Adverse/ Side effects

flatulence, rash, pruritus or dizziness.
May cause abnormal liver function tests, including increase AST,
ALT, alkaline phosphate, and bilirubin. Advise patient to avoid
Nursing considerations alcohol, products containing aspirin or NSAIDs, and foods that may
cause an increase in GI irritation. Advise patient to report onset of
black, tarry stools; diarrhea; or abdominal pain.

Brand name Diclowal

Classification Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Dosage 100mg q 2 for pain
Diclofenac has potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic
Action actions. It inhibits the enzyme, cyclooxygenase, thus resulting in
reduced synthesis of prostaglandin precursors.
Acute or long-term treatment of mild to moderate pain, including
Diclofenac

dysmenorrhea. Rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis. Ankylosing

spondylitis. Ophthalmic: Postoperative inflammation from cataract
Indication
extraction. NOT in Active peptic ulcer; hypersensitivity to diclofenac
or other NSAIDs. Treatment of perioperative pain in CABG surgery.
3rd trimester of pregnancy.
GI disturbances; headache, dizziness, rash; GI bleeding, peptic
Adverse/ Side effects
ulceration; abnormalities of kidney function.
Be aware that patient may be at increased risk for CV events, GI
bleed, renal insufficiency; monitor accordingly. Take with meals if GI
Nursing considerations
upset occurs. Report sore throat, fever, rash, itching, weight gain,
swelling in ankles or fingers, changes in vision; black, tarry stools.

Brand name B Braun Cefoxitin

 Classification Cephalosporins
Dosage 2grams TIV ( ) ANST 1 hour prior to procedure then 500mg TIV q6
Action Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
Treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of
Cefoxitin

designated microorganisms eg lower resp tract, intra-abdominal,

Indication
gynecological, bone & joint, skin & skin structure
infections; UTI & septicemia. NOT in hypersensitive ones.
Adverse/ Side effects Phlebitis, Nausea & vomiting, Inflammation on the site
Administer by slow IV injection over 3-5 minutes. Observe for signs
Nursing considerations of renal, hepatic or haematological dysfunction during prolonged
therapy. Observe for signs of super-infection.

Brand name Clindacin

Classification Antibiotic
Dosage 600mg IV q8
Action Inhibits protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria, causing cell death.
Clindamycin

Treatment of anaerobic & some staph & strep infections. Prophylaxis

Indication
for surgical infection. NOT in hypersensitive ones.
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, contact dermatitis,
Adverse/ Side effects exfoliative and vesiculous dermatitis, urticaria; eosinophilia; local
irritation, thrombophlebitis.
Do not give IM injections of more than 600 mg; inject deep into large
Nursing considerations muscle to avoid serious problems. Report severe or watery diarrhea,
abdominal pain, inflamed mouth or vagina, skin rash or lesions.

Brand name Rocephin

Classification Cephalosporins. Anti-Infectives
Dosage 1g IV OD
Exerts in vitro activity against a wide range of gram-negative and
Action
gram-positive microorganisms.
Ceftriaxone

Infections of the bones, joints, soft tissue, skin and of wounds; renal
Indication
and urinary tract infections; genital infections, including gonorrhea.
Diarrhea; rashes; urticaria; bleeding; thrombocytosis; Not active
Adverse/ Side effects
against MRSA or enterococci. phlebitis at IV site; superinfection.
Report signs of superinfection (furry overgrowth on the tongue,
vaginal itching or discharge, loose or foul-smelling stools)
Nursing considerations
and allergy. If ever and diarrhea develop call doctor, especially if
stool contains blood, pus, or mucus.
Tranexami

Brand name Hemostan

c Acid

Classification Hemostatics. Anti-fibrinolytic, antihemorrhagic

Dosage
 Inhibits endometrial plasminogen activator and thus prevents
Action
fibrinolysis and the breakdown of blood clots.
Treating heavy menstrual bleeding. Obstetrical and gynecological:
Indication
abortion, post-partum hemorrhage and menometrorrahgia.
Severe allergic reactions such as rash, hives, itching, dyspnea,
Adverse/ Side effects tightness in the chest, swelling of the mouth, face, lips or tongue.
Calf pain, swelling or tenderness. Chest pain. Decreased urination.
The medication can be taken with or without meals.
Nursing considerations Swallow Tranexamic Acid whole with plenty of liquids. Do not break,
crush, or chew before swallowing.later. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Brand name Garamycin

Classification Aminoglycoside
Dosage 95mg IV q 8
An aminoglycoside that binds to ribosomal subunits of susceptible
Action bacteria disrupting protein synthesis, thus rendering the bacterial cell
membrane defective.
Serious infections caused by susceptible strains of Pseudomonas
Gentamycin

aeruginosa, Proteus species, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella-

Indication Enterobacter-Serratia species, Citrobacter, Staphylococcus species.
NOT to hypersensitivity to aminoglycoside; pregnancy; hepatic
impairment, perforated ear drum.
Dizziness or vertigo; acute renal failure, electrolyte imbalances;
transient elevation of serum bilirubin and aminotransferases;
Adverse/ Side effects
purpura; nausea, vomiting; convulsions, mental depression,
hallucinations.
Ensure adequate hydration of patient before and during therapy.
Report pain at injection site, severe headache, dizziness, loss of
Nursing considerations
hearing, changes in urine pattern, difficulty breathing, rash or skin
lesions.

Brand name Ultram

Classification Analgesic
Dosage 30mg IV q6 x 4 doses
Binds to -opiate receptors in the CNS causing inhibition of ascending
Ketorolac

Action
pain pathways
Indication Managementof pain in the operation site.
Dizziness, nausea, drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, headache,
Adverse/ Side effects
sweating
Tolerance or drug dependence may result from extended use, may
Nursing considerations
causeCNS depression and/or respiratory depression.
DRUG STUDY
Cefradine

Brand name
Classification Antibiotic, Cephalosporin (First Generation)
Dosage
 Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the
Action
penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs)
Treatment of susceptible gram-positive bacilli and cocci (never
enterococcus);
Indication
some gram-negative bacilli including E. coli, Proteus, and Klebsiella
may be susceptible.
Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea. Rash, nausea, vomiting,
Adverse/ Side effects
pseudomembranous colitis, increased BUN, increased creatinine
Administer around-the-clock to promote less variation in peak and
Nursing considerations
trough serum levels.

Brand name Piptaz

Classification Penicillins
Piperacillin + Tazobactam

Dosage
An extended-spectrum penicillin, exerts its antimicrobial action in
Action growing and dividing bacteria by interfering with septum formation
and cell wall synthesis of susceptible bacteria.
Complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI);
Indication gynecologic infections including postpartum endometritis or pelvic
inflammatory disease
Adverse/ Side effects Headache, Malaise. Pain,inflammation,thrombophlebitis andedema.
Nursing considerations Use Piptaz immediately after constitution.

Brand name Vibramycin

Classification Tetracycline antibiotic
Dosage 100mg/tab 1 tab BID x 14 days
Bacteriostatic: Inhibits protein synthesis of susceptible bacteria,
Action
causing cell death.
When penicillin is contraindicated, infections caused by N.
Indication
gonorrhoeae, T. pallidum, Clostridium, B. anthracis, C. trachomatis.
Doxycycline

Adverse/ Side effects Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Local irritation at injection site.
Take drug throughout the day for best results; if GI upset occurs,
Nursing considerations take drug with food. Report rash, itching, difficulty breathing, dark
urine or light-colored stools, pain at injection site.

Brand name
Ferrous
Sulfate

Classification Iron Preparation

Dosage
 Elevates the serum iron concentration which then helps to form High
Action or trapped in the reticuloendothelial cells for storage and eventual
conversion to a usable form of iron.
Dietary supplement for iron. Prevention and treatment of iron
Indication deficiency anemias. NOT in hypersensitivity and severe
hypotension.
Dizziness, N & V, nasal congestion, dyspnea, hypotension, CHF, MI,
Adverse/ Side effects
muscle cramps, flushing
Caution patient to make position changes slowly to minimize
orhtostatic hypotension. Advise patient to report if irregular
Nursing considerations
heartbeat, dyspnea, swelling of hands and feet and hypotension
occurs.

Brand name
Classification Laxatives
Dosage 30cc OD AS PRN for constipation
Increase the osmotic pressure in the colon and slightly acidify the
colonic contents, resulting in an increase in stool water content, stool
Action
Lactulose syrup

softening, laxative action, and migration of blood ammonia into the

colon contents with subsequent trapping and expulsion in the feces.
Treatment of constipation. NOT in allergy to lactulose, low-galactose
Indication
diet. Use cautiously with diabetes and lactation.
Transient flatulence, distension, intestinal cramps, belching,
Adverse/ Side effects
diarrhea, nausea. Acid-base imbalances.
Do not use other laxatives. The drug may be mixed in water, juice, or
milk to make it more tolerable. Assure ready access to bathroom;
Nursing considerations
bowel movements will be increased to 2-3 per day. Report diarrhea,
severe belching, abdominal fullness.

Brand name
Morphine
SO4

Classification Opioid agonist analgesic

Dosage 0.02% 10ml via Epidural Catheter
 Principal opium alkaloid; acts as agonist at specific opioid
Action
receptors in the CNS to produce analgesia, euphoria, sedation
Relief of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain. Preoperative
medication to sedate and allay apprehension, facilitate induction of
Indication
anesthesia, and reduce anesthetic dosage. Analgesic adjunct during
anesthesia.
Adverse/ Side effects Light-headedness, dizziness, sedation, euphoria, nausea, vomiting.
Tell patient to minimize moment or activities that might cause
Nursing considerations
diziness.

Brand name Flagyl

Classification Antibiotic
Dosage 500mg/tab 1 tab BID x 14 days
Interact with DNA to cause destruction of helical DNA structure and
Action strand leading to a protein synthesis inhibition and cell death in
Metronidazole

susceptible organisms.
Indication Acute infection with susceptible anaerobic bacteria.
Nausea, unpleasant metallic taste, vomiting, diarrhoea or
Adverse/ Side effects
constipation.
Administer with food or milk to minimize GI irritation. Tablets may be
crushed for patients with difficulty swallowing. May cause dizziness
or light-headedness. May cause an unpleasant metallic taste and
Nursing considerations
may cause urine to turn dark. Report symptoms of superinfection
(black furry overgrowth on tongue; loose or foul-smelling stools
develop).
Cefalexin

Brand name
Classification antibiotic; first-generation cephalosporin
Dosage 500mg/ cap
Action Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.
Indication Infections caused by Escherichia coli, P. mirabilis, Klebsiella.
 Headache, dizziness, lethargy, paresthesias. Nausea, vomiting,
Adverse/ Side effects
diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, flatulence. Superinfections.
Take this drug with food. Refrigerate suspension; discard any drug
after 14 days. May experience these side effects: Stomach upset,
loss of appetite, nausea (take drug with food); diarrhea; headache,
Nursing considerations
dizziness. Report severe diarrhea with blood, pus, or mucus; rash or
hives; difficulty breathing; unusual tiredness, fatigue; unusual
bleeding or bruising.

Brand name Bactroban

Classification Topical Antibiotics
Dosage
Action Topical Antibiotics
Mupirocin Ointment

Indication Bacterial skin infection.

Adverse/ Side effects Burning sensation, stinging, itching, erythema, dryness.
Instruct patient on the correct application of mupirocin.Advise patient
Nursing considerations
to apply medication exactly as directed for the full course of therapy.

Brand name Benadryl

Classification Antihistamines and antiallergics
Dosage
Action Antagonizes the effect of histamine at H1 receptor sites.
Diphenhydramine

Relief of symptoms associated with perennial and seasonal allergic

rhinitis; vasomotor rhinitis; allergic conjunctivitis; mild, uncomplicated
Indication
urticaria and angioedema; amelioration of allergic reactions to blood
or plasma; adjunctive therapy in anaphylactic reactions
CNS depression, dizziness, headache, sedation; paradoxical
stimulation in children; dryness of mouth, thickened respiratory
Adverse/ Side effects
secretion, blurring of vision, urinary retention; GI disturbances; blood
dyscrasias.
Monitor patient response, and arrange for adjustment of dosage to
Nursing considerations
lowest possible effective dose.
Gluconate

Brand name
Calcium

Classification fluid and electrolytic and water balance agent; replacement solution
11.5 ml diluted in 11.5 ml of diluent, to run for 30mins via infusion
Dosage
pump
Action
 To overcome cardiac toxicity of hyperkalemia, for cardiopulmonary
Indication resuscitation, to prevent hypocalcemia during transfusion of citrated
blood.
Tingling sensation. With rapid IV, sensations of heat waves
Adverse/ Side effects (peripheral vasodilation), fainting. Pain and burning at IV site, severe
venous thrombosis, necrosis and sloughing (with extravasation).

Assess for cutaneous burning sensations and peripheral

vasodilation, with moderate fall in BP, during direct IV injection.
Monitor ECG during IV administration to detect evidence of
Nursing considerations
hypercalcemia: decreased QT interval associated with inverted T
wave. Observe IV site closely. Extravasation may result in tissue
irritation and necrosis. Monitor for hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia.

Brand name Toradol

Classification non-opioid analagesics
Dosage 30mg IV q6
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, producing peripherally mediated
Action analgesia. Also has antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Ketorolac

Therapeutic effect:Decreased pain.

Short term management of pain (not to exceed 5 days total for all
Indication
routes combined)
Adverse/ Side effects nausea, dyspepsia, drowsiness, headache, sweating, edema.
Assess pain (note type, location, and intensity) prior to and 1-2 hr
following administration. Advise patient to consult if rash, itching,
Nursing considerations visual disturbances, tinnitus, weight gain, edema, black stools,
persistent headche, or influenza-like syndromes (chills,fever,muscles
aches, pain) occur.