CONTROL SYSTEM

INSTRUMENTATION

Nor Alafiza Yunus, PhD

Faculty of Chemical Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM
Johor, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
 Indicator

Transmitter

Transmitter Sensor Sensor

Controller FCE

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 Outline of this Lecture

Sensors, Transmitters, and Transducers

Final Control Element (FCE)
Transmission Lines
Accuracy in Instrumentation

3
 Sensors, Transmitter and
Transducer - definition
Sensor measure a physical variable which produces a
physical response (electrical / mechanical) that is
related to the value of the process variable.
Transmitter converts signal measured by sensor to a
standard input range for the controller
Transducer convert the magnitude of a process
variable into a signal that can be sent directly to the
controller

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 Sensors, Transmitter and
Transducer

Measured Transmitted
variable signal
Sensor Transmitter

Transducer

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 ISA Symbols

Process Transmitter Indicator Controller Alarm Low Alarm High

Measurement (T) (I) (C) (AL) (AH)
Composition AT AI AC AAL AAH
Flow (F) FT FI FC FAL FAH
Level (L) LT LI LC LAL LAH
Pressure (P) PT PI PC PAL PAH
Temperature (T) TT TI TC TAL TAH

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 PID Symbols - Transmitter /
Discrete Instrument
Controller

Shared control/Display Elements

Computer Functions (Controller)

PLCs

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PID Symbols - Transmitter /
Controller

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PID Symbols - Transmitter /
Controller

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 Outline of this Lecture

Sensors, Transmitters, and Transducers

Final Control Element (FCE)
Transmission Lines
Accuracy in Instrumentation

10
 Final Control Element (FCE)

The device enables a process variable to

be manipulated
Also known as actuator
The most common FCE is control valve

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PID Symbols - Valves

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 Outline of this Lecture

Sensors, Transmitters, and Transducers

Final Control Element (FCE)
Transmission Lines
Accuracy in Instrumentation

13
 Transmission Lines
Line used to Instrument supply or
Connection to process
connect between
Pneumatic signal
instruments or
processes Electric signal

Hydraulic signal

Capillary tube

Electromagnetic, sonic,
optical or nuclear signal

Software or data link

Mechanical link
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 Temperature control system

Transmitter
TT Sensor

Controller
TC FCE

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