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10)
INTERACTIVE SCIENCE 2B
Question Bank
Concept Checking
Write T for a true statement or F for a false statement.
2B100101Q002Eng
Soap is slippery because it is alkaline.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q003Eng
All substances can be classified into two groups: acids and
alkalis.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q004Eng
Hydrochloric acid is one of the most commonly used acids
212
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
in the laboratory.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q005Eng
We can taste sulphuric acid in the laboratory.
[Ans] F
2B100201Q006Eng
All cleansing reagents are slippery so that all of them are
alkaline.
[Ans] F
213
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100201Q008Eng
Some natural substances show different colours in acids or
alkalis They can be used as acid-alkali indicators.
[Ans] T
2B100201Q009Eng
Red cabbage extract is red in colour after mixing with
soap solution.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q010Eng
Litmus paper and universal indicator are used in the
laboratory to test whether a solution is acidic, neutral or
alkaline.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q011Eng
An increase in pH value of a substance means an increase
in its acidity.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q012Eng
pH meter is an electronic device used to measure the exact
214
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
pH value of a solution.
[Ans] T
2B100201Q013Eng
The pH value of orange juice is lower than that of stomach
acid.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q014Eng
The higher the pH value of a solution, the lower its acidity
is.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q015Eng
An increase in the pH value of a solution means an
increase in its alkalinity.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q016Eng
pH paper turns red in acids and blue in alkalis.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q017Eng
215
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
216
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100101Q019Eng
Metal saucepans should not be used to make pork in
ginger-vinegar.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q020Eng
After adding magnesium ribbons into dilute hydrochloric
acid, gas bubbles are evolved.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q021Eng
Sulphur dioxide gas will be given out when iron wires are
added into dilute sulphuric acid.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q022Eng
After adding marble chips into dilute nitric acid, carbon
dioxide gas is given out.
217
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans] T
2B100101Q023Eng
Chlorine gas will be given out when marble chips are
added into dilute hydrochloric acid.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q024Eng
When magnesium ribbons are put into dilute hydrochloric
acid, the gas evolved can relight a glowing splint.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q025Eng
No gas bubbles will be given out when a copper wire is
put into dilute sulphuric acid.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q026Eng
Magnesium is more reactive than zinc. Therefore, the
reaction between magnesium and dilute nitric acid will
give out more gas bubbles than that of zinc and dilute
nitric acid.
[Ans] T
218
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
219
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100101Q027Eng
Gas bubbles will be evolved in the reaction of iron with
dilute nitric acid. The gas bubbles give a pop sound when
being tested with a burning splint.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q029Eng
We should dilute a concentrated acid in a fume cupboard.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q030Eng
Universal indicator shows a blue colour when the solution
is an acid.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q031Eng
Strong acids and strong alkalis are highly corrosive.
220
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans] T
2B100101Q032Eng
Strong acids should be poured into the sink immediately
after use.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q033Eng
Dilute acids can be made by adding water into
concentrated acids.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q034Eng
Dilute sodium hydroxide solution is a strong alkali.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q035Eng
With the same concentration, ethanoic acid is less
corrosive than hydrochloric acid.
[Ans] T
221
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
222
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100101Q037Eng
In clean areas, rainwater should be neutral.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q038Eng
Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are common air
pollutants that cause acid rain.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q039Eng
In unpolluted areas, rainwater is acidic.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q040Eng
Chlorine gas is one of the common pollutants that
dissolves in rainwater to form hydrochloric acid.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q041Eng
Sulphur dioxide dissolves in rain water to form sulphuric
acid. It makes the rainwater more acidic.
[Ans] T
223
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100101Q042Eng
Acid rain corrodes constructions made of marble and
metals.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q043Eng
Acid rain only corrodes buildings. It will not kill living
things.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q044Eng
The major sources of sulphur dioxide in the atmosphere
are motor vehicles and factories.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q045Eng
The major source of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere is
the urine excreted from animals.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q046Eng
The pH value of acid rain can be as low as 3.0.
[Ans] T
224
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
225
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100101Q047Eng
The acid rain will be diluted by the water in rivers, so it
will not kill the aquatic lives in the rivers.
[Ans] F
2B100201Q048Eng
(extension) The effects caused by acid rain can be reduced
by taking public transport instead private cars.
[Ans] T
10.6 Neutralisation
2B100101Q049Eng
Potassium hydroxide can be formed from the
neutralisation of potassium chloride and hydrochloric acid.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q050Eng
Salts and water are products formed from the
neutralisation of acids and alkalis.
[Ans] T
2B100101Q051Eng
Neutralisation is a process when an alkali is mixed with an
226
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100101Q052Eng
The process of adding water into acids or alkalis is called
neutralisation.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q053Eng
Our stomach juice contains strong acids. Therefore,
antacids containing strong alkalis can be used to neutralise
the excess acids in the stomach.
[Ans] F
2B100201Q054Eng
The stings of wasps are alkaline.
[Ans] T
2B100201Q055Eng
Limestone is added to acidic soil to raise the pH value of
the soil.
[Ans] T
227
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100101Q056Eng
People can take antacids to help digestion.
[Ans] F
228
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100101Q058Eng
Both acids and alkalis can be used for food preservation.
[Ans] F
2B100201Q059Eng
Vinegar consists of mainly hydrochloric acid and water. It
can be used for food preservation.
[Ans] F
2B100101Q060Eng
Many cleansing agents contain acids or alkalis.
[Ans] T
Multiple Choice
Circle the best answer for each question below.
229
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
230
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q002Eng
Which of the following hazard warning labels should be
put on a bottle of concentrated hydrochloric acid?
A. B.
C. D.
[Ans] C
2B100102Q003Eng
When we open a can of fizzy soft drink, gas bubbles come
out.
This gas is
A. nitrogen dioxide.
B. carbon dioxide.
C. oxygen.
231
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
D. hydrogen.
[Ans] B
2B100102Q004Eng
Which of the following alkalis is commonly found in drain
cleaners?
232
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
A. Sodium carbonate
B. Ammonia
C. Calcium hydroxide
D. Sodium hydroxide
[Ans] D
2B100102Q005Eng
Which of the following is/are the properties of alkalis?
(I) Bitter in taste
(II) Slippery
(III) Corrosive
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III)
[Ans] D
2B100102Q006Eng
Which of the following domestic products contains acids?
A. Toothpaste
B. Toilet cleaners
233
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
C. Drain cleaners
D. Glass cleaners
[Ans] B
2B100102Q007Eng
Which of the following cleansing agents contain(s)
alkalis?
(I) Drain cleaners
(II) Toilet cleaners
(III) Glass cleaners
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III)
[Ans] C
234
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q008Eng
Which of the following acids can be found in lemons?
(I) Hydrochloric acid
(II) Citric acid
(III) Ascorbic acid
A. (II) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (II) and (III) only
[Ans] D
2B100102Q009Eng
Cheese and yoghurt are milk products. They contain
A. lactic acid.
B. citric acid.
C. ethanoic acid.
D. carbonic acid.
[Ans] A
235
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q011Eng
After dipping a piece of red litmus paper into lemon juice,
the paper will ________________ .
A. not change colour
B. show a blue colour
C. show a yellow colour
D. show a green colour
[Ans] A
236
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q012Eng
The following table shows the colours of some plant
extracts in acids and alkalis:
Plant extract Colour in Colour in
acids alkalis
W Red Blue
X Purple Red
Y Pink Yellow
Z Yellow Yellow
Which of the above plant extracts CANNOT be used as an
acid-alkali indicator?
A. Plant extract W
B. Plant extract X
C. Plant extract Y
D. Plant extract Z
[Ans] D
2B100102Q013Eng
Lime water turns pH paper
A. red.
B. blue.
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Question Bank (Ch. 10)
C. yellow.
D. green.
[Ans] B
2B100102Q014Eng
Which of the following can be used to test whether orange
juice or lemon juice is more acidic?
(I) pH paper
(II) Litmus paper
(III) Universal indicator
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (II) and (III) only
[Ans] C
238
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100202Q015Eng
Which of the following statements about pH value and pH
scale is INCORRECT?
A. The pH scale is a scale of measuring acidity and
alkalinity in terms of pH values.
B. The range of pH scale is within 1 and 14.
C. The higher the pH value of a substance, the higher is
its alkalinity.
D. Those substances having a pH value of 4 are more
acidic than those having a pH value of 2.
[Ans] B
2B100102Q016Eng
Which of the following is an observation of dipping a
piece of blue litmus paper into an acidic solution?
A. The blue litmus paper does not change colour.
B. The blue litmus paper turns red.
C. The blue litmus paper turns yellow.
D. The blue litmus paper turns green.
[Ans] A
2B100102Q017Eng
239
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q018Eng
Which of the following substances is the most alkaline?
A. A substance having a pH value of 0
B. A substance having a pH value of 1
C. A substance having a pH value of 13
D. A substance having a pH value of 14
[Ans] D
2B100102Q019Eng
Distilled water turns pH paper
A. red.
B. blue.
C. yellow.
D. green.
[Ans] C
240
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
241
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q020Eng
If the pH values of solution X and solution Y are 6 and 1
respectively, which of the following statements about
these solutions is correct?
A. Solution X can be used to neutralise solution Y.
B. Solution X is more acidic than solution Y.
C. Solution X is weakly alkaline.
D. Solution Y is more corrosive.
[Ans] D
zinc beads
242
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q022Eng
Which of the following metals can react with dilute acids?
(I) Zinc (II) Magnesium (III) Copper
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III)
[Ans] B
2B100102Q023Eng
Gas bubbles are released when marble chips are put into
dilute nitric acid.
marble chips
243
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q024Eng
We should not use acidic cleansing agents to clean marble
and limestone surfaces because
A. the acid can corrode the surfaces.
B. the marble and limestone absorb the acid and give a
bad smell.
C. the acid leaves a permanent mark on the surfaces.
D. the acid is explosive.
[Ans] A
2B100102Q025Eng
Marble and limestone can react with acids because
A. they contain calcium.
B. acids are corrosive.
C. they contain calcium carbonate.
244
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q026Eng
Which of the following building materials react(s) with
dilute acids?
(I) Marble
(II) Limestone
(III) Sand
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III)
[Ans] B
2B100102Q027Eng
Which of the followings is/are the observation(s) after
adding magnesium ribbons into dilute nitric acid?
(I) Colourless gas bubbles are given out.
(II) The test tube gets warm.
245
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
246
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III)
[Ans] B
2B100102Q028Eng
After putting iron wires into dilute sulphuric acid,
A. gas bubbles are evolved.
B. the tube becomes cold.
C. the colour of the acid changes to red.
D. a pop sound is heard.
[Ans] A
2B100102Q029Eng
Iron pot is not good for cooking sour pork because
A. iron is toxic.
B. the pot will be corroded by the acids in the food.
C. iron from the pot gives a bad taste.
D. iron from the pot turns the pork to black in colour.
[Ans] B
247
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q030Eng
Copper is a good material to build outdoor statues because
A. it is very hard.
B. it reflects light from the Sun.
C. it resists acid corrosion.
D. it is light in weight.
[Ans] C
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III)
[Ans] D
248
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100202Q032Eng
Which of the following is/are weak acid(s)?
(I) Ethanoic acid in vinegar
(II) Citric acid in fruits
(III) Concentrated hydrochloric acid in the laboratory
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III)
[Ans] B
2B100102Q033Eng
Which of the following is/are strong alkali(s)?
(I) Sodium hydroxide solution
(II) Potassium hydroxide solution
(III) Calcium hydroxide solution
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III)
249
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans] B
2B100102Q034Eng
Which of the following alkalis is the most corrosive
(assume they have the same concentration)?
A. Sodium hydroxide solution
B. Sodium hydrogencarbonate solution
C. Calcium hydroxide solution
D. Ammonia solution
[Ans] A
2B100102Q035Eng
We should be very careful when handling concentrated
acids because
(I) they may cause serious burns if they spill on our skin.
(II) they may cause blindness if we look at them for a long
time.
(III) they may give off toxic acid vapours which may
burn our lungs.
250
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III)
[Ans] C
2B100102Q036Eng
Which of the following solutions is the most dangerous?
A. Concentrated hydrochloric acid
B. Dilute hydrochloric acid
C. Concentrated ammonia solution
D. Dilute ammonia solution
[Ans] A
2B100102Q037Eng
Which of the following is NOT a safety measure for
handling strong acids?
A. Wear safety goggles
B. Put on protective gloves
C. Perform the experiments in a fume cupboard
D. Work in an empty laboratory
[Ans] D
251
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q038Eng
Which of the following is a correct procedure of diluting a
concentrated alkali?
A. Adding the concentrated alkali to water slowly with
gentle stirring
B. Adding water to the concentrated alkali slowly with
gentle stirring
C. Adding the concentrated alkali to water quickly with
quick stirring
D. Adding water to the concentrated alkali quickly with
quick stirring
[Ans] A
2B100102Q039Eng
Which of the following is NOT a reason to explain why
we should not add water to concentrated acids while
diluting?
A. It takes a long time to add a large amount of water.
B. The large amount of heat given out from the reaction
may cause splashing out of the acids.
C. It is difficult to control the final concentration.
252
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
253
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q040Eng
Which of the following should we do immediately if some
acids are accidentally spilled on our skin?
A. Dial 999 for help.
B. Wash the affected area with an alkali.
C. Inform the teacher.
D. Wash the affected area under running water.
[Ans] D
2B100102Q041Eng
Which of the following should we do at once if some
concentrated alkalis are spilled on the floor?
A. Clean the spillage immediately.
B. Pour acids on the spillage to neutralise it.
C. Inform the teacher at once.
D. Shout to other classmates to evacuate.
[Ans] C
A. 3.0
B. 5.6
C. 7.0
D. 9.2
[Ans] B
2B100202Q043Eng
Clean rainwater is not neutral because
A. carbon dioxide in the air dissolves in rainwater to form
carbonic acid.
B. water is not neutral.
C. sulphur dioxide is commonly found in clean air and it
dissolves in rainwater to form sulphuric acid.
D. there is no clean rainwater in the world.
[Ans] A
2B100102Q044Eng
Which of the following pollutant gases is/are the cause(s)
of acid rain?
(I) Sulphur dioxide
(II) Nitrogen oxides
(III) Carbon dioxide
255
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
256
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III)
[Ans] B
2B100102Q045Eng
Which of the followings are the sources of sulphur dioxide
and nitrogen oxides in the air?
(I) Motor vehicles (II) Power stations (III) Factories
2B100102Q046Eng
Acid rain is most commonly found in
A. industrial areas.
B. deserts.
C. undeveloped areas.
257
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
D. high-altitude areas.
[Ans] A
2B100102Q047Eng
(extension) Which of the following are preventive
measures against acid rain?
(I) Use fuels with low sulphur content
(II) Use alternative energy sources like solar power
(III) Use less marble to construct buildings
2B100102Q048Eng
Which of the following are environmental effects of acid
rain?
(I) Corrode buildings and structures
(II) Cause mountain fires due to the release of hydrogen
gas which is explosive
258
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
259
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q049Eng
Which of the following will not be corroded by acid rain?
A. Statue made of marble
B. Statue made of limestone
C. Plant leaves
D. Statue made of copper
[Ans] D
10.6 Neutralisation
2B100102Q050Eng
Which of the following products will be formed after
mixing an acid with an alkali?
(I) Salt
(II) Water
(III) Gas bubbles
260
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (I), (II) and (III)
[Ans] B
2B100102Q051Eng
Which of the following can be used to treat bites of
mosquitoes?
A. Vinegar
B. Saliva
C. Baking soda
D. Table salt
[Ans] C
2B100102Q052Eng
Which of the following is the reason why powdered
limestone (a weak alkali) is added to the soil?
A. Alkalis are fertilisers and good for plant growth.
B. Plants grow better in an alkaline environment.
C. Carbon dioxide produced is good for plants to undergo
photosynthesis.
261
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
262
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q053Eng
Which of the following is the salt formed from the
neutralisation of potassium hydroxide solution and
sulphuric acid?
A. Sulphur hydroxide
B. Sulphur oxide
C. Potassium sulphate
D. Potassium oxide
[Ans] C
2B100102Q054Eng
Table salt used in cooking is
A. potassium chloride.
B. sodium chloride.
C. potassium hydroxide.
D. sodium hydroxide.
[Ans] B
2B100102Q055Eng
10 cm3 of a strong acid is added to 10 cm3 of a strong
alkali. The resulting solution is tested by pH paper. The
final colour of the pH paper is
263
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
A. red.
B. yellow.
C. blue.
D. (None of the above.)
[Ans] D
2B100102Q056Eng
Refer to the following word equation, what are X and Y?
Acid + Alkali X+Y
X Y
A. Hydrogen Oxygen
B. Oxygen Water
C. Salt Water
D. Oxygen Hydrogen
[Ans] C
2B100102Q058Eng
Which of the following ways can help to remove the
greyish brown deposit inside a kettle?
2B100102Q059Eng
265
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100102Q060Eng
Which of the following can be used as a food
preservative?
(I) Citric acid
(II) Distilled water
(III) Sodium hydroxide solution
A. (I) only
B. (I) and (II) only
C. (I) and (III) only
D. (II) and (III) only
[Ans] A
266
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
Short Questions
2B100104Q002Eng
Many domestic products contain alkalis.
(a) Give TWO common properties of alkalis.
267
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Give THREE domestic products that contain alkalis.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) Give ONE example of domestic cleaners that contains
acids but not alkalis.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Alkalis taste bitter and feel soap or slippery.
(b) Soap, toothpaste, drain cleaners, oven cleaners (Any
three of them)
(c) Toilet cleaners
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) Which of the above products is/are alkaline?
____________________________________________
______________________________
269
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q004Eng
Below is a photo of a bottle of sodium hydroxide solution:
270
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
271
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
(b) Corrosive
272
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q005Eng
Below are the photos of four solutions:
________________________________________
_____________________________
[Ans]
(a) Concentrated sulphuric acid < lemon juice < fresh
milk < glass cleaner
(b) (i) Glass cleaner
(ii) It does not change the colour of blue litmus paper.
(iii) It turns red litmus paper blue.
2B100204Q006Eng
The following table shows the colours of four plant
extracts and their colours in acids and alkalis.
Plant Original Colour in Colour in
extract colour acids alkalis
A Purple Purple Green
B Red Yellow Blue
C Green Orange Green
D Orange Orange Orange
(a) Which of the plant extracts can be used as a natural
indicator?
____________________________________________
274
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
______________________________
(b) Which of the plant extracts can be used to test for
acids?
____________________________________________
______________________________
(c) When plant extract C is put into solution X, there is no
colour change. Do you think solution X will change
the colour of red litmus paper? Explain your answer
briefly.
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
275
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) A, B and C
(b) B and C
(c) Solution X does not change the colour of red litmus
paper. It is because there is no colour change when
plant extract C is put into solution X. This indicates
that solution X is either alkaline or neutral. Both
alkaline and neutral solutions do not change the colour
of red litmus paper.
2B100104Q007Eng
The following table shows the pH values of five different
solutions:
Solutio A B C D E
n
pH 2.0 9.0 7.0 4.5 13.0
value
276
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
_____________________________
(ii) weakly acidic?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iii)neutral?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iv) weakly alkaline?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(v) strongly alkaline?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(b) Which TWO of the solutions are the most corrosive?
____________________________________________
______________________________
[Ans]
(a) (i) Solution A
(ii) Solution D
(iii) Solution C
(iv) Solution B
277
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
(v) Solution E
(b) Solutions A and E
2B100104Q008Eng
The pH values of five solutions are shown in the following
table:
Solutio A B C D E
n
pH 1 9 13 5 7
value
(a) Which solution(s) is/are weakly acidic?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Which solution(s) is/are weakly alkaline?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
278
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
279
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100204Q010Eng
For each of the following combinations, describe a test to
distinguish them and state any observable changes.
(a) Zinc and copper
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) Hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
280
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
____________________________________________
______________________________
[Ans]
(a) When zinc beads are put into dilute hydrochloric acid,
some colourless gas bubbles are evolved. On the other
hand, copper strips have no reaction with dilute
hydrochloric acid.
(b) When a burning splint is put near the mouth of a test
tube filled with hydrogen gas, a pop sound is heard.
However, when a burning splint is put near the mouth
of a test tube filled with carbon dioxide gas, no pop
sound will be heard. (Or any other reasonable answer)
281
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q011Eng
Lisa added a few pieces of marble into a test tube
containing dilute hydrochloric acid as shown below:
marble
2B100104Q012Eng
The following photos show two kinds of cooking utensils.
283
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
284
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100204Q013Eng
Lawrence tried to show that acidic solutions can corrode
limestone and carbon dioxide gas is released. His
experimental set-up is shown below:
285
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
delivery tube
stopper
limestone chips
286
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q014Eng
Tom added some magnesium ribbons into a test tube
containing dilute nitric acid as shown below:
magnesium ribbons
disappear finally.
water
concentrated
sulphuric acid
288
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
289
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) Concentrated sulphuric acid reacts with water and give
out a lot of heat that may cause it to splash out.
(b)
290
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
glove
glass rod
concentrated sulphuric acid
water
2B100104Q016Eng
Look at the following picture:
291
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q017Eng
Briefly describe what should be done if
(a) some dilute acids spill onto our skin.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) some dilute alkalis spill onto the bench.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Wash the affected area under running water
immediately.
(b) Add water to the affected area and clean it with a cloth
293
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q018Eng
For each of the following pairs of solutions, which one is
more corrosive? Explain your answer briefly.
(a) Dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute ethanoic acid
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Dilute potassium hydroxide solution and lime water
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) Dilute sulphuric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
294
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
_______________________________
295
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
296
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q019Eng
(a) Suggest THREE sources of sulphur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides in the air.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) How do sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides affect the
pH value of rainwater when these gases dissolve in it?
What is the product called?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Motor vehicles, power stations and factories
(b) They decrease the pH value of rainwater and make it
acidic.
The product is called acid rain.
297
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q020Eng
(a) Suggest THREE effects of acid rain on the
environment.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) (extension) Suggest THREE ways to reduce air
pollution so as to prevent acid rain.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Acid rain corrodes structures made of metals, marble
and limestone.
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Question Bank (Ch. 10)
Acid rain may kill fish and plants in lakes and rivers.
Acid rain affects plant growth and may even kill plants
and trees.
(Or other three reasonable answers)
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Question Bank (Ch. 10)
10.6 Neutralisation
2B100104Q021Eng
(a) What is the meaning of neutralisation?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Write a word equation to represent the neutralisation
between sulphuric acid and calcium hydroxide.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Neutralisation is a reaction when an alkali is mixed
300
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q022Eng
(a) Arrange the following substances in an increasing
order of acidity.
Salt water, lemon juice, toothpaste, hydrochloric acid,
potassium hydroxide
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Write a word equation for the reaction between
hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) What substance can be used to react with hydrochloric
acid to form table salt?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
301
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q023Eng
Susan mixed an appropriate amount of acid X and alkali Y
together. She added the neutralised solution to a watch
glass. She then put the watch glass over a beaker of water
and the water is heated over a Bunsen burner.
neutralised solution
302
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100204Q024Eng
Mark used a dropper to add dilute potassium hydroxide
solution drop by drop into a flask containing dilute
303
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
dilute potassium
hydroxide solution
304
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) The pH value increases slowly and the acidity of the
solution decreases slowly.
(b) Neutralisation
(c) Potassium chloride and water
(d) Potassium hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid
Potassium chloride + Water
305
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q025Eng
The table below shows the suitable pH ranges for the
growth of some plants:
Plant Suitable soil pH for
growth
Potato 5.0 6.5
Rose 5.5 7.0
Beans 6.0 7.5
Forget-me-not 6.0 8.0
(a) How can farmers determine the pH value of soil?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) If the pH value of the soil is 7.0, which plants can
grow healthily in the soil?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) If the pH value of the soil is 8.0, which plants can
grow healthily in the soil?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
306
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q026Eng
Suggest a substance that is suitable for treating each of the
following.
(a) Stomach-ache caused by the presence of excess acid in
the stomach
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) A wasp sting
____________________________________________
_______________________________
307
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q027Eng
Antacids contain weak alkalis.
(a) Suggest TWO weak alkalis that can be found in
antacids.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Why can antacids help to relieve stomach-ache?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
308
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100104Q029Eng
The following photo shows a bottle of pickled cucumber
and its ingredient label:
310
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
Pickled Cucumber
Ingredients:
Cucumber, vinegar, sugar,
salt, flavourings
311
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) Vinegar contains ethanoic acid. Acids can kill micro-
organisms and can be used to preserve foods.
(b) Pickling
2B100104Q030Eng
(extension) After cutting open an apple, its cut surfaces
turn brown in a few minutes.
312
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) Browning of apples is due to the formation of brown
substances when certain substances in apples react
with oxygen in the air.
(b) Browning of apples can be slowed down by brushing
the cut surfaces with a weak acid solution such as
lemon juice or vinegar.
2B100104Q031Eng
Read the following passage and answer the questions that
follow:
Stomach juice contains hydrochloric acid that helps digestion of food.
However, when we are under stress, the stomach may produce too much acid.
This causes stomach-ache. Stomach-ache can be treated by taking antacids.
313
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
314
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) Hydrochloric acid. It helps digestion of food.
(b) Stomach-ache is caused by the excretion of too much
hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
(c) Magnesium hydroxide / aluminium hydroxide (any
one of them)
(d) Neutralisation
(e) Magnesium hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid
Magnesium chloride + Water
Aluminium hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid
Aluminium chloride + Water
(Any one of them)
Long Questions
2B100105Q001Eng
The table below shows the pH values of five different
solutions:
Soluti A B C D E
on
pH 5.6 7.0 13.0 3.0 8.5
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Question Bank (Ch. 10)
value
(a) Explain how to use universal indicator to determine
the pH values of the above solutions.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) (i) Which solution is distilled water? Why?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) What are the observable changes when blue and
red litmus papers are put in distilled water
respectively?
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(c) (i) Which solution is probably rainwater? Why?
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Question Bank (Ch. 10)
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) How does the pH value of rainwater change if
nitrogen oxides dissolve in it? Why?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(d) (i) Which solution would you use to neutralise
solution C?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) Write a word equation for neutralisation between
an acid and an alkali.
________________________________________
_____________________________
317
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) Add universal indicator into each of the solutions and
observe the colour changes. Match the colours of
universal indicator with the pH colour chart to find out
the pH values of the solutions.
(b) (i) Solution B, because distilled water has a pH value
of 7.0.
(ii) Distilled water does not change the colours of both
blue and red litmus papers.
(c) (i) Solution A, because the carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere dissolves in the water droplets of
rainwater to form carbonic acid.
(ii) The pH value of rainwater decreases because nitric
acid is formed if nitrogen oxides dissolve in it.
(d) (i) Solution D
(ii) Acid + Alkali Salt + Water
2B100105Q002Eng
Alice conducted an experiment to study which materials
can resist the corrosion of acids. Her experimental set-up
is shown below:
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Question Bank (Ch. 10)
A B C D
(a) To ensure a fair test, which variables should be kept
constant? Suggest TWO of them.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) According to the experimental results shown above,
which materials can resist corrosion?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) (i) What are the gases given out in test tubes A and D
respectively?
________________________________________
319
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
_____________________________
(ii) Suggest suitable tests for the gases mentioned in
(i).
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(d) Which pot, aluminium pot or iron pot, should be used
to cook acidic food?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(e) Which cleaner, acidic or alkaline, should be used to
clean limestone surface?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
320
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) Type of acid / concentration of acid / temperature (any
two of them)
(b) Aluminium and wood
(c) (i) Test tube A: Hydrogen gas Test tube D: Carbon
dioxide gas
(ii) A pop sound is heard if a burning splint is put
near the mouth of the test tube containing hydrogen
gas.
Carbon dioxide gas can turn lime water milky.
(d) Aluminium pot
(e) Alkaline cleaner
2B100105Q003Eng
Jason added some zinc beads into a test tube of solution X.
Then he put some cotton wool into the mouth of the test
tube.
solution X
zinc beads
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Question Bank (Ch. 10)
X is an acid.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Some gas bubbles are produced. Suggest ONE test to
find out if the gas is
(i) oxygen
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) carbon dioxide
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iii)hydrogen
________________________________________
322
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(c) (i) What is the purpose of the cotton wool in the set-
up?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) What may happen if a stopper is used instead of
cotton wool?
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
323
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) Add one drop of solution X to a piece of pH paper.
Observe the colour of the pH paper. Match it with the
pH colour chart to find out the pH value of solution X.
If the pH value of solution X is below 7, it is an acid.
(Or other reasonable answers)
(b) (i) Put a glowing splint into the test tube. If the gas is
oxygen is oxygen, the glowing splint will relight.
(ii) Fit a delivery tube into the test tube and put the
other end into another test tube containing lime water.
If the gas is carbon dioxide, the lime water will turn
milky.
(iii) Put a burning splint near the mouth of the test
tube. If the gas is hydrogen, a pop sound will be
heard.
(c) (i) To avoid the gas to escape out of the test tube.
(ii) Too much gas may be held in the test tube and may
explode suddenly.
2B100205Q004Eng
The following map shows the locations of two towns, A
324
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
and B:
Town A
Lake
Town B
325
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
town A. Why?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) The number of fish in the lake drops in recent years.
State ONE possible reason.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
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Question Bank (Ch. 10)
(c) Acid rain flows into the lake. It causes the pH of the
lake water to decrease. The high acidity of lake water
kills aquatic lives.
(d) Motor vehicles / power stations / factories (any two of
them)
(e) Saving energy / using alternative sources such as solar
energy / using high-grade fuels with low sulphur
content / installing catalytic converters in vehicles to
remove pollutants from the exhaust gas of vehicles /
educating the public about the harmful effects of acid
rain and the ways of reducing air pollution (any two of
them)
2B100205Q005Eng
Sandy added a few pieces of marble into a test tube
containing dilute hydrochloric acid.
marble
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Question Bank (Ch. 10)
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) What precautions should Sandy take?
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
329
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
(b) Sandy wants to find out whether the gas given out is
carbon dioxide.
(i) Draw a labelled diagram in the box below to show
her set-up.
330
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
_____________________________
[Ans]
(a) (i) Add concentrated hydrochloric acid slowly to a
large amount of water and stir it carefully with a glass
rod during dilution.
(ii) Wear safety spectacles, a laboratory coat and
gloves. Perform the experiment in a fume cupboard.
(b) (i)
delivery tube
lime water
marble
dilute hydrochloric acid
331
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100205Q006Eng
The diagram below shows a method of diluting a
concentrated alkali.
water
concentrated alkali
332
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
333
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) The concentrated alkali reacts with water and gives
out a lot of heat that may cause them to splash out.
(b)
glass rod
concentrated alkali
water
2B100105Q007Eng
The photo below shows a helicopter spreading limestone
powder over an acidic lake.
(a) Acid rain can make a lake become acidic. How is acid
334
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
rain formed?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) (i) Suggest ONE simple test to find out the pH value
of the lake water.
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) Suggest the possible range of pH values of the
acidic lake water.
________________________________________
_____________________________
(c) How does the acidic water affect the organisms in the
lake?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
335
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) (i) Is limestone acidic or alkaline?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) What is the purpose of spreading limestone over
an acidic lake?
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
336
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) Acid rain is formed when acidic air pollutants such as
sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolve in
rainwater in the air to form acids.
(b) (i) Collect some water sample from the lake. Use a
dropper to add one drop of the lake water to a piece of
pH paper. Observe the colour of the pH paper. Match
it with the pH colour chart to find out the pH value of
the lake water. If the pH value is below 7, the lake
water is acidic. (Or any other reasonable answers)
(ii) Between 3 and 5
(c) Many organisms cannot survive in water of low pH
values. They will die.
(d) (i) It is alkaline.
(ii) To neutralise the acid in the lake. / To increase the
pH value of the lake water.
2B100105Q008Eng
The photo below shows a marble statue damaged by acid
rain.
337
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
338
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
(ii) Suggest TWO ways to reduce air pollution in our
daily life.
________________________________________
_____________________________
________________________________________
_____________________________
339
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) Marble contains calcium carbonate that reacts with
acid rain and dissolves in it.
(b) (i) Iron reacts with acid rain and dissolves in it. (Or
any other reasonable answers)
(ii) Acid rain will make the soil too acidic and
unsuitable for plant growth. This causes the yield of
crops to decrease. (Or any other reasonable answers)
(iii) A large amount of money has to be spent on
maintaining the damaged buildings and structures. (Or
any other reasonable answers)
(c) (i) Using alternative energy sources like solar
energy.
Using high-grade fuels with low sulphur content.
Removing pollutants from the exhaust gas of
vehicles, e.g. using catalytic converters.
Educating the public about the harmful effects of
acid rain and the ways of reducing air pollution.
(Any two of them or any other reasonable
answers)
(ii) Turn off electrical appliances when we are not
340
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
using them.
Use public transport such as MTR instead of
private cars whenever possible.
Turn off the car engine when waiting.
(Any two of them or any other reasonable
answers)
2B100105Q009Eng
An experiment was carried out to investigate the change in
pH value of the mixture during the neutralisation of dilute
sodium hydroxide solution and dilute hydrochloric acid.
The table below shows the experimental results:
Volume of 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
acid
added to
5 cm3 of
sodium
hydroxide
solution
(cm3)
pH value 12 11.5 11 10.5 10 7 3 2.5 2.3 2.1 2
341
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
of the
mixture
342
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
344
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
345
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100105Q010Eng
Jenny neutralised potassium hydroxide solution with dilute
sulphuric acid. She then put some of the neutralised
mixture on a watch glass as shown below:
neutralised mixture
346
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
347
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
(c)
neutralised solution
water
wire gauze
tripod
Bunsen burner
2B100205Q011Eng
The photo below shows a packet of antacid tablets.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) Peter wanted to find out how much acid is needed to
neutralise one antacid tablet. Write down the
procedure of his experiment.
(Hints: You may consider the following:
how to dissolve the antacid tablet,
how to determine the pH value of the mixture, and
the kind of dilute acid to be used in the experiment.)
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
349
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
350
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
351
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
_____________________________
[Ans]
(a) Antacids contain weak alkalis, which can be used to
neutralise the excess acid in the stomach.
(b) Crush an antacid tablet into powder and dissolve the
powder in 20 cm3 of water with a glass rod.
Pour the solution into a conical flask.
Use a dropper to add two drops of universal indicator
into the solution and shake.
Put the flask on a white tile.
Add 10 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid to a 10 cm3
measuring cylinder.
Use a dropper to transfer 1 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric
acid to the flask of antacid solution. Shake the mixture
and record the pH value. Repeat this step several
times.
Add dilute hydrochloric acid drop by drop into the
flask while shaking the solution until the mixture
becomes acidic.
Drop the remaining dilute hydrochloric acid in the
dropper back into the measuring cylinder.
352
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100105Q012Eng
David brought three bottles of colourless liquids to the
laboratory. He wanted to know which are acidic and which
are alkaline. Amy suggested he can do the test by tasting.
How can I test which solution is You can test them by tasting!
acidic and which solution is
alkaline?
David Amy
353
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
(b) If David assures that the three liquids are safe to drink,
would you agree with Amys suggestion? Why?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) Suggest TWO natural substances that can be used to
test which of the liquids is acidic and which of them is
alkaline. State also the positive results.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) Suggest THREE substances in the laboratory that can
be used to test which of the liquids is acidic and which
of them is alkaline. State also the positive results.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
354
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
[Ans]
(a) No. We cannot eat anything in the laboratory. Also, it
is dangerous to taste unknown liquids, because some
acids and alkalis are corrosive.
(b) Tasting is not an accurate method because the sour
taste of acids and the bitter taste of alkalis could be
covered by other tastes.
(c) Red cabbage extract: It shows red or purple in acids
and green or yellow in alkalis.
Red rose extract: It shows red or pink in acids and
green or brown in alkalis.
Hydrangeas extract: It shows blue in acids and pink in
alkalis. (Any two of them)
(d) Blue litmus paper: It shows red in acids and does not
change colours in alkalis.
Red litmus paper: It shows blue in alkalis and does not
change colours in acids.
Universal indicator: It shows red or orange in acids
355
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100205Q013Eng
The following experiment was done to determine the
volume of dilute sodium hydroxide solution needed to
neutralise 10 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid.
universal
conical flask indicator
dilute hydrochloric
acid
dilute hydrochloric acid
white tile with universal indicator
356
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
357
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) What was the use of universal indicator?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) Plot a graph to show the results on the graph paper
below.
358
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
acid?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iii)What was the pH value of solution when 9 cm3 of
dilute sodium hydroxide solution was added?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(iv) What was the colour of the solution in (d)(iii)?
Was the solution acidic, neutral or alkaline?
________________________________________
_____________________________
(v) Explain your answer in (d)(iv).
________________________________________
_____________________________
(e) Write a word equation for the neutralisation involved.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
359
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) Step 1: Use a measuring cylinder to add 10 cm3 of
dilute hydrochloric acid to a conical flask. Put the
flask on a white tile.
Step 2: Use a dropper to add a few drops of universal
indicator to the flask and shake.
Step 3: Use a dropper to transfer dilute sodium
hydroxide solution to the flask (1 cm3 each time)
containing dilute hydrochloric acid and universal
indicator. Shake the solution and record the pH value.
(b) It was used to show the pH value of the solution.
(c)
(d) (i) pH 1
(ii) 7.5 cm3
360
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
(iii) pH 12
(iv) Blue or purple, alkaline
(v) Too much sodium hydroxide solution had been
added and the solution became alkaline.
(e) Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide
Sodium
chloride + Water
2B100105Q014Eng
Acid rain is found in the Pearl River Delta Region.
(a) What is acid rain?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) State TWO air pollutants that cause the formation of
acid rain.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) State THREE harmful effects of acid rain.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
361
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) (extension) Why is acid rain not a local problem but a
global problem?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
362
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100105Q015Eng
Charles wants to find out which acid (X or Y) is more
corrosive to iron. He then set up the apparatus shown
below. Assume both the concentrations and volume of X
and Y are the same.
gas W gas W
acid X acid Y
iron strips
iron beads
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) What is gas W?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) Suggest a test for gas W.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
365
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) No, the experiment is not a fair test. This is because
the iron used is not of the same mass and same shape.
(b) The same amount of iron in the same form should be
used in both set-ups.
(c) Hydrogen
(d) Put a burning splint near the mouth of the test tube
containing gas W. If gas W is hydrogen, a pop sound
will be heard.
2B100205Q016Eng
Kathy designed an experiment to show how a metal is
corroded by an acid. Her experimental set-up is shown in
the following diagram.
stopper
magnesium ribbon
366
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(b) After she corrected the mistakes in (a), what are the
expected observations?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(c) What is the gas given out in the reaction? Suggest a
test for the gas.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
(d) State TWO safety measures in doing this experiment.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
____________________________________________
_______________________________
367
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) The stopper should be replaced by cotton wool. The
high pressure built in the test tube would cause the
stopper to push out.
Too much acid was used.
Concentrated sulphuric acid should be replaced by a
dilute one. The reaction would be too vigorous if
concentrated sulphuric acid was used.
(b) The magnesium ribbon dissolved in the acid. The test
tube became warm and colourless gas bubble released.
(c) Hydrogen gas
Put a burning splint near the mouth of the test tube
containing the gas produced. If the gas produced is
hydrogen, a pop sound will be heard.
(d) Wear safety goggles and rubber gloves.
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Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100105Q017Eng
Amy carried out the following experiment to study the
corrosive effect of acid on marble.
stopper
marble chip
369
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100205Q018Eng
When you open a can of soft drink, gas bubbles come out.
(a) What is this gas?
____________________________________________
_______________________________
371
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
372
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
lime water
soft drinks
heat
2B100105Q019Eng
Mr. Wong is a farmer. He tests the pH values of the soil is
his field annually. The data from 2004 to 2008 is shown in
the table below:
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
pH value 7.5 7.0 6.7 6.0 5.5
of soil
(a) Plot a bar chart to present the data on the graph paper
provided.
(b) Describe the change in pH value of the soil from 2004
to 2008.
____________________________________________
_______________________________
373
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
374
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
375
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
377
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
Miscellaneous Questions
2B100106Q001Eng
The table lists the pH values of six unknown solutions.
Solution pH value
A 1
B 4
C 7
D 8
E 14
Using the letters, state which solution(s)
(a) is/are neutral.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) turn(s) red litmus paper blue.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(c) is the most suitable to neutralise solution E.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(d) is likely to be acid rain.
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Question Bank (Ch. 10)
____________________________________________
______________________________
(e) is/are weakly alkaline.
____________________________________________
______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Solution C
(b) Solutions D and E
(c) Solution A
(d) Solution B
(e) Solution D
2B100106Q002Eng
The table below lists the pH values of some substances.
Substance pH value
vinegar 3
hydrochloric 0
acid
sodium 14
hydroxide
solution
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Question Bank (Ch. 10)
lime water 12
distilled water 7
tap water 5
antacid solution 8.5
fresh milk 6
380
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100106Q003Eng
Arrange the following substances in an increasing order of
acidity.
381
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100106Q004Eng
Compare each of the following substances. Which of them
is more corrosive?
(a) Dilute hydrochloric acid and concentrated
hydrochloric acid
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) Dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute ethanoic acid
____________________________________________
______________________________
(c) Concentrated sulphuric acid and dilute hydrochloric
acid
____________________________________________
______________________________
383
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100106Q005Eng
Match the daily products on the left with the
corresponding pH values on the right. Write your answer
in the blanks below.
Daily product pH value
(a) antacid (i) pH 7
384
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100106Q006Eng
Match the substances on the left with the corresponding
degree of acidity/alkalinity on the right. Write your answer
in the blanks below.
Substance Degree of
(a) soap solution acidity/alkali
(b) oven cleaner nity
(c) tap water (i) strongly acidic
(d) sulphuric acid (ii) weakly acidic
(e) ammonia (iii) neutral
solution (iv) weakly
(f) vinegar alkaline
385
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
386
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100106Q007Eng
Match the following substances on the left with the
corresponding daily uses. Write your answer in the blanks
below.
Substance Daily use
(a) antacids (i) to treat stings of
(b) slaked lime wasps
(c) vinegar (ii) to treat bites of
(d) baking soda ants
(e) sodium (iii) to relieve
hydroxide stomach-ache
(iv) to raise the pH
value of soil
(v) to neutralise the
acidic waste
discharged from
factories
(a) ______ (b) ______ (c) ______ (d) ______
(e) ______
[Ans]
387
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100106Q008Eng
Match the daily products on the left with the acid or alkali
on the right. Write your answer in the blanks below.
Daily product Acid or alkali
(a) lemon juice (i) lactic acid
(b) glass cleaner (ii) citric acid
(c) vinegar (iii)ammonia
(d) oven cleaner (iv) sodium
(e) yoghurt hydroxide
(v) ethanoic acid
(a) ______ (b) ______ (c) ______ (d) ______
(e) ______
[Ans]
(a) ii (b) iii (c) v (d) iv (e) i
2B100206Q009Eng
There are some wrong concepts in the following
sentences. Underline the wrong concepts and write down
the correct ones in the space provided.
388
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
389
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
(a) pH paper (meter) is an electronic device used to test
the pH value of a solid (solution).
(b) Litmus solution can be used to test the acidity of a
solution. It is red in acids, yellow (blue) in alkalis and
blue (yellow) in neutral solutions. (Or any other
reasonable answers)
(c) All (Some) flowers show different colours in acidic
and alkaline environments.
(d) Acids taste bitter (sour). Alkalis taste sour (bitter) and
are soapy. (Or any other reasonable answers)
2B100206Q010Eng
There are some wrong concepts in the following
sentences. Underline the wrong concepts and write down
the correct ones in the space provided.
(a) Magnesium and copper dissolve in dilute acids to give
carbon dioxide.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) Marble and limestone dissolve in dilute acids to give
390
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
hydrogen.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(c) When a metal dissolves in acids, the temperature of
the reaction mixture decreases.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(d) Hydrogen gas is released from the reaction between
dilute hydrochloric acid and limestone. It gives a pop
sound with a burning splint.
____________________________________________
______________________________
____________________________________________
______________________________
[Ans]
(a) Magnesium and copper (zinc) dissolve in dilute acid to
give carbon dioxide (hydrogen). (Or any other
reasonable answer)
(b) Marble and limestone dissolve in dilute acid to give
hydrogen (carbon dioxide). (Or any other reasonable
answer)
391
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100106Q011Eng
There are some wrong concepts in the following
sentences. Underline the wrong concepts and write down
the correct ones in the space provided.
(a) When an acid is added to an alkali, the acidity
increases and pH value increases.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(b) The pH value of a neutralised solution is higher than 7.
____________________________________________
______________________________
(c) The products of neutralisation of an acid and an alkali
are salts and hydrogen.
____________________________________________
392
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
______________________________
393
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100106Q012Eng
Below are the steps of an experiment to study the reaction
between magnesium and dilute sulphuric acid. Arrange the
394
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100106Q013Eng
(a) Rearrange the following sentences with the words
provided.
(i) acid rain / limestone / structure / and / of
/ metals / marble / made / corrodes
________________________________________
____________________________
________________________________________
____________________________
395
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
396
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100206Q014Eng
Draw a labelled set-up to demonstrate the reaction
between marble and dilute nitric acid (including the test
for the gas evolved).
[Ans]
delivery tube
lime water
marble
dilute nitric acid
398
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100106Q015Eng
Draw a labelled set-up to demonstrate the reaction
between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid
(including the test for the gas evolved).
[Ans]
magnesium ribbon
2B100206Q016Eng
Draw a labelled set-up to demonstrate the reaction
between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid
(including the test for the gas evolved).
399
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
400
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
[Ans]
test tube hydrogen gas
dilute hydrochloric
acid
filter funnel
zinc bead
2B100106Q017Eng
Complete the table below regarding the properties of acids
and alkalis.
Property Acid Alkali
Taste (a) (b)
______________ ______________
________ ________
Colour (c) (d)
change of ______________ ______________
blue litmus ________ ________
paper
Colour (e) (f)
change of ______________ ______________
red litmus ________ ________
paper
401
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100106Q018Eng
Complete the following word equations regarding the
neutralisation of an acid and an alkali.
(a) Potassium hydroxide + Sulphuric acid
(i)
________________ + (ii) ________________
(b) (i) ________________ + (ii) ________________
Sodium chloride + (iii) ____________
(c) Calcium hydroxide + (i) ________________
402
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
403
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100106Q019Eng
Which acids and alkalis should be used in order to prepare
the following salts? Complete the following table.
Salt Acid used Alkali used
Calcium (a) (b)
chloride ______________ ______________
________ ________
Sodium (c) (d)
chloride ______________ ______________
________ ________
Potassium (e) (f)
sulphate ______________ ______________
________ ________
Potassium (g) (h)
nitrate ______________ ______________
________ ________
Sodium (i) (j)
sulphate ______________ ______________
________ ________
Calcium (k) (l)
404
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
2B100106Q020Eng
When the following materials are put into dilute
hydrochloric acid, will gas be produced? If yes, what gas
will be produced and what materials should be used to test
for the gas?
Materials Is there any gas Materials to be
produced? If used to test the
yes, what is the gas
gas?
Marble (a) (b)
chips ______________ ______________
405
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
________ ________
Zinc beads (c) (d)
______________ ______________
________ ________
Sand (e) (f)
______________ ______________
________ ________
Iron strips (g) (h)
______________ ______________
________ ________
Limestone (i) (j)
pieces ______________ ______________
________ ________
Copper (k) (l)
granules ______________ ______________
________ ________
Calcium (m) (n)
carbonate ______________ ______________
________ ________
[Ans]
406
Question Bank (Ch. 10)
407