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ABSTRACTReduction of inrush current at power the voltage waveform of the system. There is a new method to
transformers can be done by using the VCT-ICL which is a overcome the shortcomings of these methods which is VCT-
modification of the DC-type reactor inrush current limiter with the ICL (Voltage Compensation Type - Inrush Current Limiter).
addition of VCT components which contribute to reducing This method is a modification of the method with DC-type
distortion in the voltage waveform. Through simulation in ATP- reactor inrush current limiter, the addition of a component of
EMTP program, which obtained three modeling conditions, namely VCT (Voltage Compensation Type) to reduce distortion caused
the existing modeling system (before being installed VCT-ICL), by DC Reactor. [2]
modeling once ICL (DC reactor) installed, and modeling once
VCT-ICL installed. From the modeling results, the comparison II. INRUSH CURRENT
inrush currents and voltages of the three conditions of modeling
can be obtained. The value of the impedance at VCT-ICL When Transformer connected to alternate current voltage
proportional to the value of inrush current is reduced, so the source, the initial current is usually appeared to be higher than
method is flexible enough to reduce inrush currents such as ICL full load normal current. This current is called inrush current.
(DC reactor). However, the simulation results prove that the Based on researches, Inrush current duration is about 5-60
distortion in the voltage waveform occur in conditions after the ICL cycles. If the transformer's primary coil suddenly connected to
(DC reactor) has been installed. Then after VCT mounted on ICL the AC voltage source which is reaching the positive peak
with DC reactor parameter values are the same, the distortion value, the flux wave and the current are reaching to their
generated due to the installation of DC reactor can be reduced. positive maximum value of the rate of change of flux. The
magnetization current will flow up about two times from its
Keywords inrush current; power transformers; VCT-ICL normal current, as shown as figure 1, and then generates
required magnetomotive force (mmf) to create higher flux than
I. INTRODUCTION its normal value. However, most of the transformer are not
designed with sufficient boundaries between normal peak flux
Many phenomena that can occur in the operation of power and saturation limit, so the transformer core will reach its
transformers, one of which is the inrush current. The saturation in the first half cycle. During saturation, the
phenomenon of it causes various problems in the electric disproportional amount of mmf is needed to produce magnetic
power system and power transformers that because the value of flux. This means that the current in the coil that generates mmf
inrush current is quite high. In the short term, transformer which is resulting flux in the core, will rise disproportionately
protection system will undergo of operations as well as work- exceeding the normal peak up to two times.
related errors will decrease the quality of the power distribution
power system. While in the long term, the lifetime of the power When the transformer is disconnected with the AC voltage
transformer will be reduced due to inrush currents gives a source, a number of residual flux is still at the transformer
direct effect on the quality of insulation and transformer core due to its magnetic material characteristic. Residual flux
windings. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the value of the value can be as much as 50% to 90% of the maximum value of
inrush current to address the problems or impacts that may flux during the operation, and the residual flux is also affected
occur due to inrush currents. [1] by the type of transformer cores are used. When an AC
voltage source connected again with a transformer, the
Some of the methods used to reduce the value of the inrush generated flux is based on residual flux which previously
currents, such as SPE (Sequential Phase energization), DC-type existed on the core, to maintain the level of flux in the core,
reactor inrush current limiter, superconducting inrush current which should be near saturation conditions. The transformer
limiter, asymmetric winding configuration, and so forth. can draw current value greater than its full load current.
Among these methods, DC-type reactor inrush current limiter
can effectively reduce the inrush current with increasing the
value of the impedance of a power system. Application of this
method also does not require the addition of a control circuit.
However, this method can produce distortion in the current and
i
e
Figure 3 VCT-ICL Circuit Configuration
(2)
Where,
(3)
(4) Because the one that will be examined is how the
reduction of inrush current by DC reactor and VCT-ICL, then
on Figure 8 and 9 shows the modeling when using a DC
reactor and VCT-ICL.
(5)
(6)
Whereas to determine the value of Vcomp so there is almost
no distortion on the voltage and current curve at steady state
condition, then the value of Vcomp must satisfy the following
equation: Figure 8 Single Line Diagram modeling after assembling the DC reactor using
ATP simulation software
(7)
Figure 9 Single Line Diagram modeling after assembling the VCT-ICL using
ATP simulation software
Figure 11 Curve of 3 phase inrush current after be assembled with ICL (DC
Reactor)
V. CONCLUSION
This study has shown that VCT-ICL (Voltage
Compensation Type - Inrush Current Limiter) can effectively
reduce the inrush currents which arise when the three-phase
Figure 16 The percent of inrush current based on Ld value transformer being energized. The main advantages of the use
limiter with VCT (Voltage Compensation Type) model is
If secondary transformers had 100 ohm of resistive weight, automatically increases the value of the impedance to
it will generate the current to secondary transformers when withstand inrush currents phenomenon when mounted
loaded situation. If reactor resistance increases, distortion will between circuit breaker and power transformers in the power
be increased too. When using VCT-ICL, THD value can be system. Then the inrush current limiter for the detention can
pushed up to 0,22 percent. The THD value pushing will be maintain peak value of the inrush current and does not cause a
fulfilled if Vcomp value can fulfill the formula (7), if the distortion in the waveform of current or voltage at the load
formula 97) cannot be fulfilled, VCT installation will not time of steady-state conditions.
effective for distortion reduction.
With using VCT-ICL, the limiter when in steady state REFERENCES
position will be approach the position without VCT-ICL. It is [1] Rahnavard, R., Vilazadeh, M., Sharifian, A.A.B, and Hosseini, S.H.
presented with THD value that almost approach 0 percent so, Analitical Analysis of Transformer Inrush Current and Some New
VCT-ICL will not disturb a system in steady state situation be Techniques for Its Reduction.
compared with only using DC Reactor. [2] Tseng, H.T., and Chen, J.F. 2011.Voltage Compensation Type-Inrush
Current Limiter for Reducing Power Transformer Inrush Current. IET
Electric Power Applications. 10.1049/iet- epa.2011.0151.
[3] Inrush Current, URL: http://www.wikipedia.org.
[4] C.E., Lin., C.L., Chen., Huang., and J.
[5] C., Yeh. 1993. Investigation of Magnetising Inrush Current in
Transformers. Part II Harmonic Analysis. IEEE Transaction on
Power Delivery 8, 1:255-263.
[6] Risdaniar, Lasaro Brasta. 2009. Pemodelan dan Simulasi Penerapan
Metode Sequential Phase Energization untuk Mengurangi Arus Inrush
pada Transformator Daya Gardu Induk Kenjeran 150 KV dengan
Software ATP. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember : Jurusan Teknik
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