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Materials Required:
1- Inclined plane
2- Cart
3- Meter stick
4- Motion detector
5- Pc with logger pro software
Related Theory
Inclined plane:
Inclined plane is simply a smooth surface tilted at some angle called angle of
inclination so that one end of surface at higher position. It is considered as one of the classical
simple machine among the six machines.
We have used basic kinematics equations of motions to study the motion of cart down the
inclined plane when it released from the top. The equation are
v =vo+ at (1)
1
x=xo+ vot+ at 2 (2)
2
Experimental Setup:
The experimental setup to perform this experiment is shown in the figure below
Figure. 1
Table 1:
Measurement Distance L Height (h1) Height (h2)
No (cm) (cm) (cm) h1h 2
( )
L
=tan 1
1 50 10.5 7 4.00412
2 50 13 8 5.710593
3 50 14.5 9 6.27729
Results and
discussion
1-Free body
diagram:
Analysis:
In the FBD of inclined plane weight is the only active force which is resolved into
components. We have not included frictional force because its an air slide case where friction
becomes nominal which can be neglected
Analysis:
The graph is drawn for three different angles of inclination i.e = 4.002124,5.71
and 6.27. From the graph its clear that distance increases more quickly with the passage of time
its due to the reason velocity increases with the time .Its also clear that for greater angle of
inclination distance increases more quickly because the force increses with the angle and so
distance and velocity.
3-Graph:
Veocity at various angles vs time
Analysis:
The above graph is the velocity against the time .The graph is plotted for three
different angles of inclination i.e
= 4.002124, 5.71 and 6.27.
The graph shows that velocity increase with the time for the same angle of inclination its
according to the equation
v =vo+ at (1)
Also we noted that velocity is higher for higher angle of inclination the reason is that for higher
angle the force acting on the cart is higher the force responsible for downward motion is given
by
F=mgsin (2)
Where m, g are mass and acceleration due to gravity which are constant and is angle of
inclination. So as angle of inclination increases force also increases as a result cart moves faster
down the inclined plane
Graph:
f(x) = 0.28x
0.29x - 0.13
0.14
R = 0.77
0.67
The linear curve fit for each angle is given in the graph comparing it with the equation of
kinematics
v =vo+ at (1)
We get that slope of the equation is the acceleration and y-intercept is the initial velocity
For Measurement 1:
Theoretical Acceleration:
ath =gsin
= 9.8 sin4.00214=.706 m/s2
Experimental Acceleration:
aex
= 0.2857 m/s2
Error:
a
% error ( tha ex )/a th100
% error= 59.6 %
For measurement 2:
Theoretical Acceleration:
ath =gsin
= 9.8 sin5.72=.947m/s2
Experimental Acceleration:
aex
=.2857 m/s2
Error:
a
% error ( tha ex )/a th100
% error= 59 %
Theoretical Acceleration:
ath =gsin
= 9.8 sin4.00214=.706 m/s2
Experimental Acceleration:
aex
= 0.285 m/s2
Error:
a
% error ( tha ex )/a th100
% error= 59 %
For measurement 3:
Theoretical Acceleration:
ath =gsin
= 9.8 sin6.27=1.0715m/s2
Experimental Acceleration:
aex
= .811m/s2
Error:
a
% error ( tha ex )/a th100
% error= 24 %
Graph for = 4.002124 degree:
Analysis:
From the graph we see that the actual position curve and theoretical position curves do
not exactly match. There is strong deviation between the two its due to errors
Sources of error:
1- Due to friction effects
2- Due to limited precision of measuring stick
3- Due to limited precision of motion detector
4- Reaction movement due to manual release of the cart
Comments:
In this experiment we studies inclined plane with air track. We learnt how position
velocity and acceleration of the cart varies down the track. We also studied forces acting on the
plane and force responsible for the downward motion of the cart.