Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
EDIIE SPECIAL
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Director
Prof. univ. dr. COSTIC VOICU
Consiliul tiinific:
MAURICE PETIT Prof. univ. dr. LIGIA NEGIER DORMONT
Colegiul de Poliie Bruxeles Universitatea Panton, Paris
NORBERT LEITNER PETER LAMPLOT
Rector Academia de Securitate din Viena Lector Academia de Securitate din Viena
Prof. univ. dr. ION DOGARU Prof. univ. dr. LAZR VLSCEANU
Membru corespondent Academia Romn Universitatea Bucureti
Prof. univ. dr. OVIDIU PREDESCU Prof. univ. dr. ROMI IUCU
Facultatea de drept Simion Brnuiu Prorector Universitatea din Bucureti
Prof. univ. dr. TEODOR FRUNZETI Prof. univ. dr. GHEORGHE TOMA
Rector Universitatea Naional Prorector Academia Naional de Informaii
de Aprare Carol I Mihai Viteazul
Prof. univ. dr. MIHAI BDESCU Prof. univ. dr. MARIAN PREDA
Rector Academia de Poliie A.I.Cuza Universitatea Bucureti
Conf. univ. dr. MIHAELA FLORENTINA PRUN Prof. univ. dr. NICOLETA DIACONU
Decan la Facultatea de Drept, Universitatea Academia de Poliie A.I.Cuza
Romno-American din Bucureti
Prof. univ. dr. FLORIN SANDU Chestor ef de Poliie dr. PETRE TOB
Avocat, Baroul Bucureti Inspector General al Inspectoratului General
al Poliiei Romne
Prof. univ. dr. VLAD BARBU Prof. univ. dr. IOAN DASCLU
Prof. univ. dr. ALEXANDRU BOROI Prof. univ. dr. GHEORGHE POPA
Comitetul de redacie:
Redactor ef: Prof. univ. dr. TEFAN EUGEN PRUN
Redactor ef adjunct: Conf. univ. dr. LAURENIU CONSTANTIN GIUREA
Secretar general de redacie: Conf. univ. dr. MARIUS CEZAR PANTEA
Redactori:
Conf. univ. dr. Claudiu M. UPULAN Conf. univ. dr. Gheorghe POPESCU
Conf. univ. dr. Nicolae GHINEA Dr. Dan BUCUR
Lect. univ. dr. Nelu NI Lect. univ. dr. Ionu Andrei BARBU
Lect. univ. dr. Mihail P. MARCOCI Lect. univ. dr. Laura MAIEREAN
Lect. univ. dr. Ioan-Cosmin MIHAI Conf. univ. dr. Sergiu A. VASILE
Asist. univ. drd.Amalia NIU Lect. univ. dr. Cristian Eduard TEFAN
Asist. univ. dr. Ileana CHERSAN Asist. univ. drd. Ligia STANCU
ACADEMIADEPOLIIE
AlexandruIoanCuza
COALADOCTORAL
CERCETRIDOCTORALE
NDOMENIUL
JUSTIIEIAFACERIINTERNE
EdiiaIa
Joi, 18aprilie2013
Sala CNAI
- prof. univ. dr. Mihai Bdescu Preedinte: - Prof. univ. dr. Dan Victor Cavaropol
- prof. univ. dr. Gheorghe Popa Vicepreedini: - Prof. univ. dr. Georgeta Ungureanu
- prof. univ. dr. tefan Prun Membrii: - Conf.univ.dr.Marius Pantea
- prof. univ. dr. Vlad Barbu - Cms. Andreea Ciorchin
- prof. univ. dr. Damian Miclea - Scms. drd. Iulian Maxim
- prof. univ. dr. George ical - Insp. drd. Gabriel Buc
- Ag. pr. Nicoleta Istudor
Secretar: - Insp. drd. Alexandru Antofie
Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
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Anul 2/2012 ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
CUPRINS
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
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Anul 2/2012 ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
FILOZOFIA TERORISMULUI NTRE RETROSPECTIVA I PREVIZIUNE.............................. 127
Drd. Rzvan UREA
Drd. Petrior BADIC
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
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Anul 2/2012 ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
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Anul 2/2012 ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
STRUCTURA ACTULUI JURIDIC NORMATIV. PRILE CONSTITUTIVE ALE ACTULUI JURIDIC NORMATIV
The normative legal act - decisional act of competent public authority - includes legal norms by which
a certain segment of social reality is ruled.
The normative legal act must group its legal norms in some constituent parts, that will form the
structure of normative legal act, structure understood as a network of relationships that are established
between its own components.
The constituent parts of the legal act are: legal act title, preamble, introductive formula, dispositive
part, legal act authenticity certification formula, issuer's legal representative signature, number and date
of legal normative act and the annexes.
Key words: legal act title, preamble, introductive formula, dispositive part, legal act authenticity
certification formula, issuer's legal representative signature, normative legal act
number, normative legal act date, annexes.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
Witness protection is the process according to whuch procedural and specific measures are taken to
protect the witnesses that testify in criminal proceedings and sometimes their relatives before, during
and after their deposition. This paper shows how this procedure is regulated in our country.
Motto:
Martorii sunt pietrele de temelieale sistemelor de justiie penal de succes
Codul european de etic al poliiei
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
This paper examines the phenomenon of illegal migration and asylum in Romania. This product is
developed analytically based on statistical data and data from open sources.
The information presented in this document refers to the following indicators of activity:
1. illegal immigration
- Identified as illegally staying
Definition: illegal aliens apprehended in situations in Romania, regardless of the action taken against them
- Return decisions issued
Definition: illegal aliens apprehended in situations in Romania or whose legal residence / visa has been
canceled or revoked and was ordered against whom removal from the territory by issuing a return decision
- Aliens in detention
Definition: illegal aliens apprehended in Romania situations against which afost ordered the removal
from the territory by applying returned under escort and have been in detention until the implementation
of the measure
- Foreigners returned under escort
Definition: illegal aliens apprehended in Romania situations against which it was ordered and
completed as removal from the territory returned under escort by applying
2. asylum
- Application for asylum
Definition: asylum applications lodged for the first time in Romania
For each indicator were analyzed: the main countries of origin, geographical area of Romania where the
events took place (place detection, instead submitting request), reasons for the measures, etc.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
Global financial panic seems to have political causes or is in fact a side effect of the single currency.
Market economy is more speculative and brings attention to the economic and financially models of
practice and theoretical models in the field, in a global context of the global market.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
Prevention and repression of illicit gambling is a concern of the state and the organizers of such
activities. In March, this year, The Romanian government, through an emergency ordinance establishing
the National Gambling, specialized body of the central public administration, subordinated to the General
Secretariat of the Government. In this paper, we want to make known the main reasons for such a body
should be established and relevant points of view on how this institution is to govern a field that brings
large amounts of money to the state budget in these times of global crisis.
Keywords: gambling, National Office for gambling, online gambling, crimes, misdemeanors, license,
authorization for gambling.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
For more than 5 years the EU feels the effects produced by the financial crisis which unveiled the
dimensions of the evil in society and the incapacity of the governments to react against this lack of balance.
This paper presents practical aspects related to law, morale and religion.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Administrative legal department represents all disputes between public authorities, on the one hand,
and the injured in their legitimate rights and interests, on the other hand, taken from typical or similar
administrative action considered illegal by the competent administrative departments of the courts,
predominantly governed by public law legal system.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
The philosophic science of right has as its object the idea of right, the conception of right and the
realization of the conception. In this article, the authors analyze some general aspects of the foundation
and evolution of the legal philosophy.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Conclusion of an individual contract of employment is made after checking professional skills of the
person applying for employment. Verification procedures are established by the contract of employment,
personal status, professional or disciplinary and internal rules, unless the law provides otherwise. Also,
there are some exceptional situations in which employment can be achieved without a prior check of
individual skills, beacause the information from the applicant and his former employer are sufficient or it is
provided a certain way of verification such as competition, exam, probation.
Key words: individual contract of employment, verification, professional skills, individual skills,
competition, exam, probation.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
International law enforcement problem arises only in situations of armed conflict. When armed conflict
breaks out somewhere the question of an international mission organization to cope. The first international
situation was organized by the UN during the Cold War as a means of solving international conflicts. These
are peacekeeping missions.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Stability operations aimed at deterring war, resolving conflict, promoting peace, and supporting civil
authorities in domestic crisis management. Stability operations may involve both military action and non-
combat actions. Those involving acts of violence, and peace enforcement operations may have the
characteristics of a war and the use of its specific capabilities. All military operations are carried out for
political reasons, the extension Stability operations are more sensitive to these political motives because
their primary purpose is to prevent, avoid or limit potential hostilities. In stability operations, politics is
involved in various levels of decision and the military may not be the main actors. As a result, stability
operations have more restrictive rules of engagement than wars.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Cooperation between states of the international community in all spheres of activity, political,
military, social, economic, diversifying in recent decades, creating forms of international cooperation and
coordination of certain organizations international. Member creates an institutional framework for
cooperation by adopting a status, jointly developed, they set goals, targets and organs international
organization.
International law in this area has attempted to strike a balance between the right of the state to
ensure peace and welfare and duties as a law enforcement officer in the exercise of these rights, taking into
account the fundamental human rights that must protect at all times.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
The paper reflects that in this rapidly changing and volatile world, the expectations required of those in
the intelligence discipline are highknowledge of the hidden and foreknowledge of the unpredictable.
Thus, identifying a more accurate definition of the theoretical sphere of national security has acquired a
special scale, especially in recent years.
It also focuses on the fact that the theoretical concepts in the field of linguistics can provide valuable
scientific milestone in the foundation of reasoning, whose main working hypothesis is to capture structural
changes in the intelligence concepts through the emerging changes.
Keywords: intelligence, national security, data, risks, threats, strategy, conflicts, strategic connections
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Fundamental rights and freedoms are not only a reality but also the whole purpose of human activities
to the democratic course. Thus, human rights have emerged in history as an instrument of protection of the
individual in his relations with the community, whose main function is limiting political power to allow
free and full expression of human will. Therefore, fundamental rights are equally guarantees for both
objective and subjective rights, binding on state power and protecting individual including his relations
with other members of the community to which it belongs.
Civil and political rights and freedoms (individual freedom, freedom of conscience), viewed as a subset
of fundamental rights and freedoms, have emerged as individual protective measures against violence and
arbitrary government. These rights are defined by their proprietor action which draws a sphere of
individual autonomy, which entails abstaining causes a certain state power.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
If security studies were initially oriented towards military and economic areas, newest targets address
other areas, including the judiciary. The tendency towards uniformisation and easy imitation of models can
produce major disruptions as long as socio-economic models of development highlights some fundamental
characteristics on institutional development in promoting sound policies.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Drd.Costel MIHAI
consilier.costel@gmail.com
Academia Naional de Informaii Mihai Viteazu
Drd. George Atoniu PILEAG
georgepisleag@yahoo.com
coala doctoral Ordine Public i Siguran Naional
Academia de Poliie Alexandru Ioan Cuza
Broadening the security scope determined not only to outline the new areas of security, but also the
development of normative acts, aimed to establish the functionality measures assigned to prevent the risks
and threats on national security.
Keywords: Cyber security, Risks, Threats, Regulation acts, National security, Environmental security
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
International organizations are permanent forms of cooperation between states in different fields and
are the main pylon to prevent and to combat international crime.
Regional international organizations are built on the principle of geographical proximity, consisting of
states belonging to the same region, with common economic, political and security interests. The most
representative regional organizations are: the European system, where there is the European Union with
Europol agency, OSCE, Council of Europe, the Western European Union, NATO and non-European systems:
the American system comprising Organization of American States, the African system with Organization of
African Unity, the system of Asia and Pacific region, including the Association of Southeast Asian Nations -
ASEAN.
International organizations need to define more clearly the future direction and constantly adapt to
developments in the contemporary world.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
Any action detrimental to society as one that violates the rights and interests of individuals isolated,
creates not only a natural reaction to combat, defense and preventive measures stimulating company
looking for evil to no longer produce, not repeated. In all conception of social concern and their respective
powers to fighting crime phenomenon, the main element, essential subject is primary prevention.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
Unlike crimes that generate dirty money laundering has a special status because it consists of a series
of specific actions, which individually do not pose a high risk, but as a whole constitutes an attempt to hide
profits from criminal actions. Harmful effects of money laundering are not always obvious to ordinary
citizens often do not understand why these acts are criminalized. In many jurisdictions, money laundering
is not an offense.
Cuvinte cheie: banking and financial institutions, criminal phenomenon, dirty money
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
The intelligence community is expressed in the context of the informational society and in the awarness
of an intelligence organization. The security's multidisciplinar character imposes the existence, at the level
of the intelligence structures, a macro-management project reflected within the infomational/security
reports in order to identify and to control the insecurity sources. Details as corroborating joint capabilities,
activating the cooperation structures within NATO and EU, being aware of the already learnt lessons and
using the best practices, are able to ensure the efficiency and the efficacy to the answer measures as
regards some critique events, as well as to include a minimal level of protection for all the states. Romania
and SRI (The Romanian Intelligence Service) are actively involved in ensuring the European security space
by being aware of the following details of interest: operational environment, the coordination of the
national efforts and activities, namely the intelligence exchange with the liaison services and with the
NATO intelligence structures.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
For an enemy to be dangerous, it is considered that he must get together big armies. Threats appeared
slowly, many times variable as the weapons were produced, the armies recruited and the units instructed
and placed on positions. At the present time, threats can appear very quick. Organizations such as Al
Qaeda, situated in a country on the other corner of the world, in a poor region in which there is no electricity
or cell phones, can plan utilizing weapons with an immense power of destruction, in the biggest cities of
United States.
First phase in this sense is represented by military action of overthrowing the talibans and keep track
of Al Qaeda organization, activity which will continue. Long term success asks for the utilizing of all the
elements that keep hold of national power : diplomacy, informational services, undercover actions,
applying the law, economic politics, foreign help, public diplomacy, countrys defense, efficient monitoring
of the borders.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
For the first time in several decades, Law no.187/2012 for the implementation of the Law no.286/2009
on the Criminal Code studies laws in force containing criminal provisions, starting from the interwar period
and up to date, proposing changes that fall on multiple coordinates, in order to adapt criminal law
provisions to the new Criminal Code.
The principle of minimum intervention governing the rule of law requires reliance on criminal
protection mechanism only in situations where the protection provided by the regulations of other
branches of law is insufficient.
Key-words: intelectual property, copyright, new Criminal Code, legislative changes and additions
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
Combating fraud and tax evasion is an objective of the National Defense Strategy of Romania in the
global crisis we are going through. The whole world is waiting anxiously for answers to set questions about
solutions that could save the EU economy caught in the deepest crisis after the Second World War. This
paper draws attention to the latest developments in the field of preventing and combating tax evasion,
introduced by Law 50 of 14 March 2013.
Keywords: tax evasion, tax fraud, crime, non punishment causes, Penal Code, Fiscal Procedure Code
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
This study is intended as an incursion in some research areas of great philosopher of law JJ Rousseau,
the social contract and natural education.
The content of the study describe tumultuous life and work of French philosopher, broad principles of
human learning and social contract essences, as was seen by JJ Rousseau and his criticism. Through his
writings, the great philosopher calls for conduct consistent with nature and not against it.
In Rousseau's conception, the social contract is the ideal form of association, the membership of a
political body does not destroy individual freedom.
It comes to the conclusion of such a contract, because people agree to give their rights for a moment to
the State, which then gives them all names changed (no longer natural rights, but civil rights).
Keywords: social contract, human rights, education, individual freedom, natural liberty
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
The European Union represents an area dedicated to culture, economy, religion and science. These
fields are interconnected. This approach cannot be fully understood without taking into account the value
of man and the spiritual dimension towards which he has a calling. Human and religious dignity must be
promoted within the European Union, otherwise, we cannot talk about Christian values, about
metaphysical knowledge, about systems and precepts. The respect towards human dignity means the
respect of the right to apply Gods image to every man. The right to religious and individual freedom must
be guaranteed for every person. The requirements of the new times bring along new mutations and
regulations on the ideological and religious scale. The Christian Church will address these challenges and
bring added value and morality.
Key words: Christian Church, human and religious dignity, religion within the European Union, the
value of man
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
The Romanian Law states that Romanias National Security Strategy is the basic document that
substantiates national defence planning. The Strategy is therefore the political illustration of the
fundamental attributes of the Romanian state in this field. The strategy synthesizes objectives, makes clear
definitions, and correlates policy actions for all the entities engaged in ensuring the security of the country,
in order to substantiate, in a unitary and coherent way, the actions and the specific regulations of the state
institutions of the rule of law and the constitutional power wielders responsible for implementing,
safeguarding and asserting Romanias fundamental interests.
Keywords: National security interests, policy objectives, risk factors, strands of Romania.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Race, is a classification system used to categorize humans into large and distinct populations or groups
by anatomical, cultural, ethnic, genetic, geographical, historical, linguistic, religious, or social affiliation.
First used to denote national affiliations, the term began to be used to relate to physical traits in the 17th
century. In the early 20th century the term was often used, in a taxonomic sense, to denote genetically
differentiated human populations defined by phenotype.
Keywords: rasele umane, particularitile rasiale ale feei, divizarea speciei n rase umane.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
Today, organized crime comes at us from every corner of the globe. We work to cripple these national
and transnational syndicates with every capability and tool weve got: undercover operations; confidential
sources; surveillance; intelligence analysis and sharing; forensic accounting; multi-agency investigations;
and the power of racketeering statutes that help us take down entire enterprises. We also work closely with
our international partners-in some cases, swapping personnel-to build cases and disrupt groups with
global ties.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
The greater the awareness of our shared values the greater the European Unions political resolve can
be. A Europe which is conscious of its shared values is also economically stronger. Shared values also bind
us together as European citizens. The discussion about shared values is particularly important precisely
now that cultural and religious differences in Europe are becoming more and more pronounced. Now that
increasing numbers of people are questioning the very idea of Europe. Now that some groups are
threatening to isolate themselves. And now that fear, insecurity and nationalism are again raising their
heads.
Keywords: values, the European Union, peace, freedom, security, justice, European, democratic,
prosperous, solidarity, the rule of law.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
This article is inclined to offer those concerned with related or similar to that discussed a guide
explosion scene investigation, whether accidental or not, but is not aimed to provide a comprehensive
treatment of the subject. The forensic investigation of explosions requires a special effort on the part of
investigators, that must have multidisciplinary knowledge. The investigation of such an event is often
difficult and full of unexpected.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Roma are the largest group in Europa and their situation has become a priority for the all European community
countries. They are characterized by low level of education which led to a large number of unemployed.
On the labour market Roma women are subject to double process of discrimination. So that,
recruitment of Roma woman in the labour market depends largely on the family structure of which it forms
part, level of education, attitudes regarding work.
From a legal perspective, national, European and international, legislation protects Roma women from
discrimination in the labour market. Very few countries have made progress in terms of respect the rights of
Roma women. Many international acts protects the Roma women rights: the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights, the Declaration on the elimination of Discrimination against Women, Convention on the
Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.
Keywords: discrimination, Roma women, labour market, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Without being clearly stated in the constitutional regulations and more likely seen as a creation of the
jurisprudence, the legal security principle is a basic one for a constitutional states, a state that is valued
through the quality of its lows.
A big amount of regulations havent done nothing but outline their quantity characteristic, without
promoting their quality one. In comparison with te quality characteristic, the quantity one has a secondary
role, being always placed at the end of every phenomenon even when it is considered important.
The concern for assuring legal security is of currency in Romania induced by rise of the legislations
quantity characteristic, caused by development of the low, as a consequence of enlarging the new low
sources, especially the international and communitary ones and also the evolution of the society and the
apparition of new fields of interest. It is abvious that currently many regulations appear, but is this done
properly? In other words, is low quality assured by this activity just as stated by the preeminence principle
and the legal security one?
Motto:
[...] limbajul legilor trebuie s fie simplu... Cnd legea este scris ntr-un stil pompos, ea nu mai
este socotit dect un obiect de parad[...]
Montesquieu
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
Theoretically speaking, justifying the constitutions supremacy lies in its political and legal character.
It express the peoples supreme will, stating the governing instruments, the principles that regulate the
governors activity and the links between them. The Constitution is the seat of rights and freedoms, the one
that draws guiding principles as equality between citizens, non-retroactive regulations, separation and
balance of powers, political pluralism, free access to justice.
The Constitution is not just a mixture of regulations. Is not only composed of several lows, but is it a
sole system of fundamental regulation, which reflect the societys organization that are the bases of the
states organization and that require a current legislative organization of the legislative body. The
Constitutions supremacy is also expressed through several differences that are between it and other acts,
differences regarding the content, form and legal power.
Keywords: the constitutions supremacy, rights and freedoms, separation and balance of powers,
political pluralism, free access to justice.
Motto:
Constituia, prin coninutul i forma ei, este o lege cu putere la ptrat
I.Deleanu
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Human trafficking represent a serious and growing threat against public and social order, as it is an
omnipresent fact, especially in Europe. Romania has an unfortunate history regarding the above mentioned
crime, since it is among the countries that delivers several categories of persons that become victim of the
phenomenon every year. The purpose of the present article is to analyzes the main causes of human
trafficking, but also to draw attention to a new trend regarding this crime the transition of women, from
the status of victims to the status of criminal offenders.
Keywords: human trafficking, women, criminal offenders, victims, recruiting, causes and roles.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
Without doubt, the press plays an important role in the life of each individual. Journalists shall inform,
shall educate and generate attitudes and behavior. However, many times, the media can be wrong,
committing mistakes which may lead to unpleasant reactions in the society. Obsessive through the
promotion of the idea of scandal, be that we are talking about sex, street fights, or violent controversy in
school. In this way, the positive character of the journalistic's act undergoes a radical transformation,
becoming harmful to the consumer. What is the role of the press? What should do the authorities? We are
trying to give an answer in the following pages
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Tax evasion in general and tax fraud in particular affect national security and have a significant effect
on Romania's tax revenue because they disrupt the economic activity causing extensive damage to the
consolidated state budget.
This article brings into attention the analysis of legislative, administrative, economic and psycho-
social factors which generate tax evasion and useful relevant opinions to reduce tax evasion and increase
revenues to the state budget.
Keywords: tax evasion, tax fraud, budget, legislative factors, administrative factors, economic
factors, psychosocial factors, economic effects, social effects, political effects.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Expansion of illicit drug trafficking and criminal networks working in the border area imperative to
develop and enhance cooperation, both national institutions in the field, as well as international ones,
which lead to preventing the expansion, limiting and reducing trafficking illicit drugs and its consequences.
Drug trafficking has all the characteristics of cross-border organized crime. Supervises criminal groups
drug production, organizing their transport to regions client and ensures constant distribution. Heroin from
Southwest Asia, South American cocaine, cannabis in Africa and Asia are all paid finally the European
market in a steady flow.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
New dynamics driven by globalization, barriers imposed movement of peoples and goods across
borders, cross-border financial transactions gave explosion while previous neantalnite expansion
opportunities, both action and areas of interest to the criminal groups. They have gained greater
operational powers beyond traditional parameters, expolatand fully the new opportunities being created
and moving more rapidly into new geographic areas open. Large international groups have begun to
develop action by global intinzadu their tentacles across continents, while smaller groups which until
recently were limited to the borders of a country become present at regional level. In this way, with the Cold
War, as organized crime groups in Russia, China, Italy, Nigeria and Japan made their presence felt more
stressed at international scale, being more involved in illicit transnational character.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Criminal punishment is a coercive measure shall assess the criminal law applied by the state court on
behalf of persons who have committed crimes pricinuinduli the failings limiting them the rights. Punished
criminal is the most severe measure of state coercion for the offense committed.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
Supporting the integration of Romanians wherever located within the communities they belong to,
their participation in political decisions in the country where they are established. Efforts will be made by
the Romanian Government to strengthen relations with Romanian organizations abroad.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
This article presents the main problems concerning the security risk management of EU classified
information.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Men living together in society is not possible without a certain order social, which must conform to each
individual and collectively. Social order creates the necessary cohesion between individuals in society and
support its development. This involves The establishment of social order and observance of rules of conduct
designed to specify each individual its is allowed to do and what not to say, that behavior must take into his
relations with others and with social institutions.
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Romain society is currently going through a period characterized transition to a market economy under
the conditions of the rule of law framework main democratic constitution enshrined in this complex process
law - as the normative expression of contemporary social headquarters is itself is a broad transformation
by adopting new regulations, change who can serve the interests of the new company and the repeal of
overtaken by reality, this is true whereas everything in circulation on public roads, given the economic and
social importance road and its development prospects.
Keywords: traffic offenses, Wolves of the road, relaxation at the wheel, delinquent driver
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
A tax haven is a state, country or territory where certain taxes are levied at a low rate or not at all.
Individuals and/or corporate entities can find it attractive to establish shell subsidiaries or move
themselves to areas with reduced or nil taxation levels. Different jurisdictions tend to be havens for
different types of taxes, and for different categories of people and/or companies. A tax haven can be used to
hide the bribe of political or administrative officials.
Keywords: Corruption, tax haven, globalization, holding, base companies, sham companies
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Ediie special REVISTA DE INVESTIGARE A CRIMINALITII
Albert Einstein said that if we do not change our way of thinking we shall not be able to solve the
problems that we create with our current way of thinking. It is the reference to systemic approach. And it is
in the same time a call to identify ways to improve and to define long term developments.
We need to adopt this new way of thinking because system of systems or family of systems,
characterized by complexity and amplitude of environment agents, must be integrative also deeply
scientific and technical approached.
The opportunity of using systemic approach for the implementation of EFFISEC drifts from the fact that
this approach allows the analysis and synthesis of objects of different nature and complexity from a single
point of view taking into consideration specific elements for each system.
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Ediie special ACADEMIA DE POLIIE ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA
The aim of the present study is to analyses legal nature of restoring liability (civil-tor or civil-
contractual) of the organizers of such strikes, as well as of the employees participating in such strikes,
concluding that the first bear civil-tort liability, and the participating employees bear civil-contractual
liability.
Keywords: Law No. 62/2011 of social dialogue; strikes triggered or continued illegally; resposability
for damages thereby incurred by the employer.
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