Switching Using ONE Trans

Vs = 9 volts

Load/Lamp Info :

Reuired Ic = 0.018 ampere

Transistor details

Q = NPN 2N2222A
= 100

Calculation:

IB = Ic /

= 0.00018 Ampere
= 0.18 mA

RB = Vs / IB

= 50000 Ohms
= 50 kOhms
.
g ONE Transistors NPN (BJT)

LED Info : 5mm

Max Current Ic = 0.018 mA `

Max Voltage across LED Vc = 2 volts

Rc = Vs/Ic

= 500 Ohms
= 0.5 kOhms
 Switching Using Two Transi

Vs = 9 volts

Load/Lamp Info :

Reuired Ic2 = 0.018 ampere

Calculation:

Step 3 IB2 = Ic2 / 2

= 0.0018 Ampere
= 1.8 mA

Step 4 R3 = Vs/IB2 If Vs is less than 10 volts

= 5000 Ohm
5 kOhm

Step 5 Ic1 = IB2 In this circuit design

 = 1.8 mA

Step 7 IB1 = Ic1 / 1

= 0.000018 Ampere
= 0.018 mA

Step 8 R1 = Vs/IB1 If Vs is less than 10 volts

= 500000 Ohm
= 500 kOhm

Step 9 R2 = Should be between 1 kOhm and 1 Mohm

For convenience we choose R2 to be equal to R1 or R3 which

Therefore R2 = 500 kOhm If Vs is less than 10 volts

g Two Transistors NPN (BJT)

Transistor details

Q1 = NPN
1 = 100
`
Q2 = NPN
2 = 10

Vs is less than 10 volts R3 = (Vs - 0.7 )/IB2 Note: 0.7 for Si and 0.3

= 4611.11 Ohm
= 4.61111 kOhm
 Vs is less than 10 volts R1 = (Vs - 0.7 )/IB1 Note: 0.7 for Si and 0.3

= 461111 Ohm
= 461.111 kOhm

e equal to R1 or R3 which even falls into the range

Vs is less than 10 volts R2 = 461.111 kOhm

ote: 0.7 for Si and 0.3 for Germanium
ote: 0.7 for Si and 0.3 for Germanium