Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
DICTIONARY^ ^
^
TWO THOUSAND
TtXJUlKS, FRCNCB, GBRMAN, BSNGIilSH^
IKD OTHBR
SigSaiflcctlcnii
and Usual AbbreviatlonB i
ALSO, AN
By J^HhAMILTON,
AtrrtiOR OF THE mJSICAL CATECSISSiS* '
NEW YORK:
PUBLISHED BY EDWARD J.JAQUES,
Park Place House, 239 Broadway.
1842.
R. Craigheaul, Printer, 113 1'i"'\."n-Bf.
^
\ "/-' ^
TO
"
"
4
.
comprise200tt words ; and I think I may
3"
venture to all Europe
challenge to produce
4 '
203233
any similar work, equallyextensive and
complete,and at such an incrediblylow
price.
The of a
utility Musical Dictionary
to the
Professor,
-the Araateiff,
and even Pupil,the
is obvious,in
sufficiently tjiepresent high-
ly
cultivated state of science ; and I do
this work, and my New
hope that Musical
I remain,
Ladies and Grentlemen,
J. A. HAMILTON.
JLondoUyMarcht ;L838t
A DICTIONARY,
"c"
A.
^
fancy.
ACCELLERANDO (Italian.) With gradually in-
creasing
velocity of movement,
measure-notes in a bar.
AD LIBITUM {Latin.) At vnll,or discretion. This
expression impliesthat the time of some particular
passage is left to the pleasureof the performer;or
that he is at liberty to introduce whatever lishments
embel-
his fancymay sugg^t.
^QUISONANS )"
..ffiQUISONANT j ^^^ Equisonant.
AFFETTUOSO, AFFETTUOSAMENTE, or CON
AFFETTO With
{Italian.) tendemesa.ftnd pathos.
AFFLIZIONE, con {Imlian.) Sorrowfully,with
affliction.
AFFRETTANDO, AFFRETTATE celeratin
.Ac-
{Italian.)
hurryingthe time.
AGEVOLE {Italian.)Without labor, light,easy,
agreeably.
AGITATO, CON AGITAZIONE {Italian.)With
agitation,
anxiously.
AGNUS DEI {Latin.) One of the principal
move-
ments
of the mass.
the styleof.
8 AL
trary motion.
ALL' ANTICA. In the old style.
ESPAGNUOLA. In the Spanish style.
INGLESE. In the Englishstyle.
ITALIANA. In the Italian style.
ALLEGREMENTE {Italian,)With quickness.
ALLEGRETTO (Italian.)Somewhat cheerful,but
not so quick as Allegro.
frequently
modified by the addition of other words:
as, ,
degreeof quickness.
CON BRIO. Quick, with brilliancy.
CON FUOCO. Quick, with fire. .
Virgin.
AL SEGNO, AL SEG-., or the chiarmcterg{ sig-
nifies ,
A T 'T A
{i^^^^^^') ^^^ ^ ^" scale of sounds.
ALTA IQ^er
{Italiafi.) ; as Ottam Alta, an octare
higher.
ALTERNATIVO Alternating,
(Italian,) proceeding
alternately from one movement to another.
pitch.
,ALTO (Italian,}In vocal music, uidicates the
counter-tenor, or highestmale voice. It also indi-
cates
the part for th" tenor in instrumental music.
ALTO CLEF. The C clefon the third line of the
stave.
much so,
"^
PASTORALE. Slow, and with pastoral
"
simplicity.
ANDANTINO {Italian.)Somevrtiat slower than
andante.
ANFANGS RITORNELL {German,} An iAtro-
ductorysym]photiy
to an air, kc.
12 AP
the
violin, violoncello,
"c.
APPOGGIATimA {Italian.)
A note of embellish-
ment,
generally
written in a small character.
AK 13
accompanunents.
D'ABILITA. An air of difficultexecution.
DI BRAVURA. An air great volur
requiring
of
bility execution.
DI CANTABILE. An air in a graceftd,
ing,
sing-
and flowingstyle.
PARLANTE. An air more declamatorythan
melodious.
ARIE AGIUNTE (Italian
plu.) Airs added to, or
ARIETTA ) .
,
,^, ,.,.,, ,
ARIETTINA I i^^^^^^'r ^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^ melody.
ARIOSO (Italian.)In the styleof an air; vocal,
melodious.
ARMONIA (Italian.)Harmony.
2
14 AT
A TEMPO DI (Italian.)In
GAVOTTA the time
of a gavot, moderately quick.
A TEMPO GIUSTO (Italian.)In strict and equal
time.
AV 16
A TRE, or A 3 {Italian,)
For three voices or ments.
instru-
immediately.
"
ATTACCA, ATTACCA SUBITO Implies
{Italian.)
that the performer must directlycommence the fol-
lowing
moyement.
ATTO {Italian.)
Any act of an opera ; as, Atto primOf
Atto secondo " ^act the first,
act the second.
open air.
AUDACE con {Italian.)With boldness.
AUFHALTJmG {German.) A suspension.
AUFLOSUNG {German.) The resolution of a cord.
dis-
titles,"c.
AUSARBEITUNG {German.) The elaboration or
sight.
AZIONE SACRA A
(Italian.) sacred drama.
B.
ballet.
BALLET-MASTER. The provinceit
artist whose
is to superintend the rehearsals and performanceof
the ballet ; and who not unfrequentlyinvents the
fable and its details himself.
bar.
BARD. A poet and musician.
BARCAROLLE )
(Italian. Airs sung by the Venetian
gondoliers,
or boatmen, while following their avo-
cations.
beauty, equallydelightful
to the unpractised
and to the most cultivated ear.
18 BO
stronglyaccented manner.
organ.
BOGEN {German.) The bow.
BOGENEUHRUNG {German.) The mailagement of
the bow.
BOLERO. A Spanish dance with castanets*
BU 19
organ.
BOURREE (French.) A livelydance in common
comic opera.
BURLANDO in
(Italian,)Playfully, a jesting
man-
ner.
humor.
20 CA
"
C.
formingno regularharmoQ|^.
CADENCE {FrencL) A shake ; also a cadence in
harmony, as cadence parfaite,a perfectcadence:
cadence rompuey an cadence.
interrupted
CADENCE. A close in melody or harmony. An
ornamental and extemporaneous passage duced
intro-
at the close ofB song or pieceof music.
degrees.
CALASCIONE {Italian.)A speciesof guitar.
CALCANDO {Italian.)Pressingupon, hurryingthe
time.
^IAMBIARE{Italian.)To change.
'camera The
(7ifa/ia".) chamber ; as, musica di
camera, chambei^music.
CAMINANDO (Italian,)Flowing: with gentleand
easy progression.
CANAREE {French) A sort of jig,in or time.
g g
CANON. A of miinterruptedimitation.
s^iecies
CANONE {Italian,)A canon or catch for several
voices or instruments.
CANONE APERTO {Italian,)An open canon.
canon.
CANTICjE {Latin.) } .
^ . , ^
Canticles or devotional songs.
CANTICO (J^o/tan.)j
CANTICUM {Latin.) A canticle or divine saag.
CANTILENA {Italian.)The melody, air^ or prin-
cipal
part in any composition;generallythe high-est
vocal part.
22 CA
melodies
figurative or chants.
FIRMXJS {Latin.) The plain song or
chant.
GREGORIANUS. The chants collected
by St.
Gregory.
CANZONE {Italian,)An air in two or three parts.
CANZONET )f,^,. V - ,
CAFELLA, {Italian.)
alia In the church style.
'
CAPO {Italian.)The head or beginning.
CAPRICCIO {Italian.)A fanciful and irregular i
speciesof composition.
A CAPRjLCCIO ) In a fanciful capricious
{Italian.) |
CAPRICCIOSO )
{Italian.) style.
CAPRICCIETTO {Italian.)A short capriccio.
CAPRICE {French.) A capriccia
CARATTERE {Italian.)Character ; as, con molto
caratt^re,with much character and emphasis.
CH 23
morous character.
CATENA DI TRHiLI {Italian.)A chain or cession
suc-
of shakes.
CAVATINA {Italian,)An air of one movement or
precededby a recitative.
part only,occasionally
C DUR {German.) The key of C major.
CELERITA, con {Italian.)With celerity; quick.
CEMBALO {Italian.)The harpsichord.
CES {Gerfnan.) C flat.
CHACONNE {French.) An air constructed on a
part.
CHANTANT {French.) In a singingand melodious
style.
CHANTERELLE {French.) The highestor most
voices.
CHORAL {German.) A psalm tune. i
psalm tune.
CHOEI). A combination of several sounds forming
harmony.
" " *
t
26 CO
time.
COLOPHON (French.) Resin.
COME {Italian,)As.
COME SOPRA (Italian.)As above or before.
COME STA (Italian.)As it stands.
COMMA (Italian.)A small interval,treated of in
the doctrine of musical ratios.
^
COMPOSITORE (Italian.)J composer.
principaland subordinate.
CONCERTINO (Italian.)This term always denotes
a principal
part in a concerto, or other full piece: as,
violino prima concertino, a first principalviolin:
violino secondo concertino, second violin.
principal
CONCERTO (Italian.)A compositionintended to
display the powers of some instrument,
particular
with orchestral accompaniments.
CONCERTO GROSSO (Italian.)A composition
for many instruments, some principal,
some liary.
auxi-
concert, of
chiefly sacred music,
manner.
spirit.
CONNOISSEUR (French.) One who possesses a
intervals or chords.
manner.
spirit.
CON TENEREZZA (Italian.)With tendemess.
COi^ TIMIDEZZA (Italian.)With timidity.
CONTINUATO (Italian.)Continued or held down
or on, speakingof notes.
CONTRAPUNTO Counterpoint,the
(Italian.) first
and most step towards a knowledge of
necessary
musical composition.
"opra U sogetto, counterpomt
above subject.
the
Sotto low
be-
il sogetto, counterpoktt
the subject
CONTRARY MOTION. Motion in an opposite rection
di-
dance.
CON VARIAZIONE (Italian.)With variations.
CON VIVEZZA (Italian.)With animatiMi, viva-
ciously.
CoStTO |(^*"^*"M
pipe a or Englishflute.
3*
30 CO
dance in time.
g
by ar slur.
COUNTERPOINT. The art of composition.
COUNTER-TENOR. The highestadult male vcMce,
and the lowest female voice.
- " clef: The Cclefon the third
line of the stave.
COUPS D'ARCHET (Frencii.)Strokes of the bow;
ways of bowing.
CREDO (Latin.) I believe. One of the principal
movements of the mass.
D.
DA (Italian.)By.
DA CAMERA (Italian.)In the styleof chamber
music.
DA CAPELLA (Italian.)In the church style.
DA CAPO or D. C. (Italian.)From the beginning.
An expressionwhich is often written at the end of
a movement, to indicate that the performer must
return to and finish with the firststrain.
DACTYL. A musical foot composed of one long and
two short notes.
'
DELICATO P
DELICATISSIMO With
(Italian.) extreme deU-
cacy.
DEMANCHERfFrencA.) To of
changethe position
the hand; to ahifton the violin and similar instru-
ments.
givensubject.
on a
in lightand pleasingstyle.
a
a triad.
DOTTTC?^
!(^*^*""-) ^ ^0^^ ^^^^
E,
grandeur and
spirit.
ECHELLE {French,) The scale or gamut.
ECHO {FrencL) A ifepetition or imitation of a
previQuspass^e, with some remarkable modifica*
tion in regard to tone : this term is oflen found in'
organ music
ECOLE (French,) A School or course of instruction.^
ECOSSAIS, EOOSSAiaE (French.) A dance, tune,
or air,in the Scotch style.
E DUR (German,) E major.
EGLISE (French,) Church; as, musique d^eglise,.
church music.
EGUALMENTE (Italian,)Equably.
EINFACH Simple.
(German,)
EINHEIT (German.) TJmtf.
EINLEITUNGSSATZ (German.) An introductory
"
movement.
a composition.-
on the principalsubject.
EPITHALAMIUM {Greek.) A nuptialsong of ode.
note.
note by a sharp.
ERNIEDRIGUNG {German.) The depressionof a
EROTIC. Amatory.
ERWEITERT (German.) Expanded^ exteniecL
ES (German.) E flat
ES DUR (German.) E flat major.
Ts^SES (German.) E double fla/C.
ES MOLL (German.) E flat minor.
ESPAGNUOLO (Italhn.)In the Sganish style.
ESPRESSnrO, or CON ESPRESSIONE (Italian,)
"With.expression.
ESSEMPIO (Italian.)An example.
ESTINTE, ESTINTO (Italian.)Becoming extinct,
dying awlay, in regardto time and tone.
ESTRAVAGANZA (Italian.) Extravagant and
wild as to compositionand performance.
ESTREMEMENTE (luO^n.) Extremely.
ET (Latin.)And.
ET INCARNATUS EST (Latin.)A portionof the
Creda
EXTRANEOUS. Foreign,far-fetched.
EXTRAVAGANZA Extravagant and
{Italian.) wild
F.
FA. A syllable
applied, to the note
in solfaing, F.
FACILITA A facilitation,
{Italian*) an easier adap-
tation"
FAGOTTO {Italian.)A bassoon.
FALSE FIFTH. An imperfector diminished Mh :
,as, C sharp G.
FALSETTO {Italian.)Certain notes of a man's voice
which are above its natural compass, aad which
can onlybe produced artificially.
FANDANGO. An expressiveSpanish dance in ?
accompaniedwith
time, generally castanets.
of execution.
F DUR {German.) F Major.
FERMA {Italian.)Firm, resolute.
FERMATA {Italian.)A pause.
FERMATE {Italian.) With firmness and decision.
FEROCE, CON FEROCITA {Italian.)Fiercely,with
an expressionof ferocity.
1
"
42 FR
FLAUTO [Italian.)
A flute.
FLAUTO PICCOLO An
(Italian.) octave flute,or
a flageolet.
FLAUTO TRAVERSO {ItaMan.) The German
flute.
FLEBILE {Italian.)In a mournful style.
FLESSIBILITA, con {Italian.) With flexibility.
FLORID. Ornamental, figured,embellished*
FLUGEL (German.) A harpsichord.
FLUTE-A-BEO (French.) An Englishflute.
FLUTE TRAVERSIERE (French.) The German
flute.
F MOLL (German.) F minor.
subjects.
FUGATO (Italian.)In the fugue or strictstyle.
FUGHETTA (Italian,)\ A short fugue.
FURIBONDO (Italian.)
With extreme vehemence.
FURIOSO, or CON FURIA (Italian.)With fire.
FURLANO (Italian.)
An antiquateddance.
FURORE, con (Italian.)With fury,with great agi-
tation.
G.
conjointly
; by semitones only ; and, theoreti-
cally,
genus.
GERADEBEWEGUNG (German.) Sinular motion.
or Catholic service.
G MOLL (German.) G minor.
46 GR
intervals.
style.
GRAN GUSTO {Italian.)In an elevated, grand
style.
GRATIAS AGIMUS {Latin.) Part of the Gloria.
GRAVAMENTE ) With
{Italian.) gravity;dignified,
GRAYITA, con {Italian.)] solemn.
GRAVE {Italian.)A very slow and solemn move-
ment
together.
GRUNDSTIMME (G"r"ui".) The bass.
GRUNDTON (German.) The bass note.
GRUPPETTO A group of notes*;
(Italian.) a iwn.
H.
on the dominant.
HALBNOTE (German.) A minim.
48 HA
brenner, to insure a of
good position the hands and
HARMONICI plu,)
{Italian Harmonics in violin
music.
modes.
HAUPTMANUAL {German.) The set of keys longing
be-
IMPONENTE Imposingly,
(Italian.) haughtily.
IMPRESSARIO The coaductoror
{Italian,) manage!
of an opera or concert.
opera.
INTERMEZZO (Italian.)Intermediate,placedbe-
tween
two others.
INTERRUZIONE {Italian.)An interruption : as,
INTONATION. The of
producingor emitting
act
IRRESOLUXO hesitatingly,
(Italian.)Irresolutely,
dubiously.
ISTESSO (Italian.)The same: as, istesiiotempo,
the same time.
ITALIENNE (French.) As, d Vltalienne,in the
Italian style.
ITA MISSA EST (Latin.)The termmatioB of the
mass, sung by the priest to Gregorian music.
K.
L.
LA. A syllable
applied,
in solfaing,
to the note A.
LE 63
style.
L'AME of a violin,
{French.) The sound-post tenor,
"c.
LAMENTABILE ]
LAMENTIVOLE [
LAMENTOSO
LANDLER {German.) A or air
country-dance in a
3
rustic and in
generally
popularstyle, time.
g
LANGUEMENTE {Italian.)
)^ ....
Langmshmgly.
LANGUENDO {Italian.) \
LANGUENTE
I.^^^^^^ V
with languor.
are drawn
occasionally above or below the stave, in
order to obtain additional situations for the heads of
the notes.
LEGATISSIMO {Italian.)Exceedinglysmooth and
connected.
LEGATO (Italian.)In a smooth and connected
manner.
gaiety.
LEGGIARDO (Italian.) Light,gentle.
LEGGIERAMENTE (Italian.)Lightly, gently.
LEGGIERISSIMO (Itcdian.)With the utmost
lightnessand facility.
LEGGIERO, or CON LEGGIEREZZA. (Italian.)
With lightness and "icilityof execution.
LEIGHT (German,) Easy.
LENTANDO (Italian.)With increased slowness.
LENTEMENT (French,) )
LENTEMENTE )Italian.) \In slow time.
LENTO (Italian,) )
LENTEUR, avec (French.)) With slowness,in a se-
LENTEZZA, con (Italian.)) date and lingering
pace.
LIAISON (French.)Smoothness of connection;also
a bind or tye.
LIBRETTO (Italian.)
The book of the words of an
Italian opera is so called.
LINIE (German.) A Hne of the stave.
LISTESSO TEMPO In the
(Italian.) same time as
the previousmovement.
MA 55
to music.
M.
MA But:
(Italian.) as, allegroma non troppo,^mckt
but not too much so.
respect to scales,intervals,
modes, "c.
MAIN (Frencli.)The hand: asy main droitey main
gauchey or M. D., M. G. ; the rightor left hand in
piano music.
MAITRE DE CHAPELLE (French.) Chapel-
master.
56 MA
" (^^^^^^)
^^ * melancholy style.
MALINCONIA
MANCANDO (Italian,) Indicates a gradual de-
crease
MARCHE (French.) \
^ "^^'^^-
MARCIA (Italian.) \
MARTELLATO (Italian.)Weil articulated,
smart-
ly
detached.
MARZIALE (Italian.)In a martial style.
MASK ) A sort of musical drama or operetta, per-
MASQUE ) formed by characters in masks.
MATINS. The earlymorning service of the Catho-
lic
church.
6S MI
*
difficultyas to execution.
MINUETTO (Italian.)
A minuet; a slow dance in
tripletime.
MISERERE (Latin.) Have mercy. A psalm of plication
sup-
(French.) \
,
^^"^^^^ "^^-
A MONOCORDE .
*
For an explanation of this dtfflcult branch of harmony, """ Bamll-
ton'g Catechiam on ModttaUon.
eo NA
N.
. a characteristicor leading
caretteristica, note.
vocal or
NOTTURNO {Itali^m.)A composition, m-
its
strameHtal, suitable for evening recreation,from
of character.
eleganceand lightness
0.
while stationary.
the other remains
OBOE (Italian,)The hautboy. OBOI, hautbo3rs.
OCTAVE. An interval of
eightnotes.
OCTUOR (French.) A piecein eightparts.
ODEUM (Greek.) A place for the publicperform-
ance
of miisic ; a concert room or hall.
scenery, decorations,
and action. This term is also
appliedto any publication
or work of an author.
OPERA BUFFA
(Italian.)A comic opera.
OPERA SEMI-SERIA A semi-serious opera.
(Italian.)
OPERA SERIA (Italian.)A serious or tragic opera.
OPERETTA (Italian.)A short or littleopera.
OPHICLEIDE. A brass instrument lately, duced
intro-
into this country, of a loud tone and a^deef
pitch. It is chiefly
used in music.
military
ORATORIO (Italian.)A musical drama, founded on
some scriptural
story,performedwithout the aid of
the performersthemselves
collectiyely, ; as, a full
orchestra,a thin orchestra.
ORDINARIO (Italian.)
Usual; as, a tempo ordinario,
in the usual tijgae.
A well known and highly ap-
preciate
ORGAN
musical instrument,
ORGANO (Italian.)
chieflyused in churches, and
ORGEL (German.),
other placesof divine wor-
ship.* "
ORGUE (French.) .
*
|V"r a history and description of this most noble of all instruments,
P.
'dampers.
FEDALE (German.) That set of keys beloDgingto
an organ which played on by the feet*
are
FEDALI The
(Italian.) pedals,in piano or organ
music.
PER For
(Italian.) or by : as, per U violino^for the
violin.
PERDENDO,PERDENDOSI,orPERDEN (Itaiian.)
This term impliesa gradualdiminution, both in the
quantityof tone and speedof morrement
PERFECT. A term appliedby theorists to certain
intervals and chords.
PERFECT CADENCE. completeand satisfectory
A
close in both the harmony and melody.
PERIOD. A complete musical sentence containiDg
several members.
PERIODENBAU (German.) Periodology,
or compo-
sition.
{
PESANTE (Italian.)With importance and weight,
impressively. i
incompleteidea.*
PIACERE {Italian.)Will,pleasure a^
: as, a piacere,
the performer's
pleasurein regardto time.
PIACEVOI4E (Italian.)At pleasure ; in a pleasing
style.
PIANGENDO (Italian.)Plaintively.
PIANGEVOLE (Italian.) ) Despondingly,
PIANGEVOLMENTE )
(Italian.) dolefully.
PIANISSIMO, or pp. (Italian.) Extremelysoft
PIANO, or p. (Italian.) Soft.
PIANO A QUEUE (French.)A grandpiano-forte.
PIANO (French.}A square piano-forte.
CARRE
PIATTI plu.) The cymbals.
(Italian
PICCIOLO Little: as, violino picciolo,
(Italian.) a
small violin.
PIEDS (French.)The feet: as, avec les pieds,with
the feet in organ playing.
PIENA (Italian.) fox a
Full: as, ajjtena orchestra,
full orchestra.
PIENO (Italian.) Full.
PIETQSO (Italian.),With pity, compassionately.
VWESiO (Italian.) A fife. /
r ".
68 PO
PIZZICATO, PIZZ.
(Italian.)
or In violin or violon-
cello
music, is appliedto notes which are to be
twitched with the finger, instead of being played
with the bow.
PLACID AMENTE With
(Italian,) placidity,quietly.
PLAIN CHANT (French.) Plain song or chant.
PLAINTIVO (Italian.)Expressively,plaintively.
POCO rather,somewhat
A little,
(Italian.) : as, poco
quadrille.
POUSSE (French.) In violin or violoncello music
tjbis
term is used to indicate an up-bow.
PRATICO (Italian:)Practical.
PRECIPITATO (Italian.)In a hurried manner.
PRECIPITE (French.) Hurried, accelerated.
PRECISIONE (Italian.)With precision, exactitude-
PRELUDIO (Italian.)j A preludd or introductory
PRELUDItJM (Lat.) ) movement.
PREMIERE (French.) First;^% premierefoisyfirst
time. "
PROBE (German.) ) .
,
^ rehearsal.
FROVA (Italian.)\
PULSATILE. A term appliedto such instruments
as are made to sound by bemg struck upon, aa^ a
drUm, a tamborine,"c.
PUNT A (/to/tan.)The point;zjs^della punta deV
Q.
Pastourelle, La Finale.
semiquaver.
QUARTETTO {Italian.)A quartet or composition
for four voices or instruments.
R.
RABBIA With
{Italian.) rage, furiously.
RADBOLCENDO ) (Italian.)With augmented
RADDOLCENTE $ softness.
RALLENTANDO {Italian.)Impliesa gradualdimi-
nution
in the speed of the movement, and a corres-
ponding
declamatory.
RECITANTE {Italian.)In the styleof a recitatirc.
RECITATIF {French.) A recitative.
RECITATIVO {Italian.)A recitative or musical
declamation.
^
RECITATIVO SBCCO {Italian.)
Unaccompanied
recitative.
,
RIVESCIO, al I 7.
^^'^*^^) ^^''*'^'
" *
'^^^'*"^- "* J
couplet. A poeticalrondo.
BUBATO, or ROBATO {Italian,) Rohhed, borrow
be disttirbed.
ody; a cadence.
S.
"c.
SCALA (Italian.)A scale or gamut.
SCALD. Among the Northem nationp, implies a
bard or poet-musician,
SCENA (Italian.)A scene or portionof an opera. An
^ct is generallycomposed of several scenes.
SCHERZANDISSIMO (Italian.)Li an exceedingly
playfulstyle.
eCHERZANDO, SCHERZANTE, SCHERZO,
SCHERZqSO, or SCHERZ (Italian.)In a light,
and
playful, sportivemanner.
SE 77
"
any instrument,"c.
SCHWACH {German.) Piano, or soft.
SCHWEIGEN (German.) Rests.
SCIOLTO {Italian.)With freedom and boldness.
SC0Z2ESE {Italian.)In the Scotch style.
SDRUCCIOLATO {Italian.)Gliding, sliding thi fin-
ger
of an instrument.
along the keys or strings
SEC {French.)i \r . , -
ciT^ /^ /
J In
r, "
\
a dry
^
or unomamented
,
mannei^*
SECCO /^ /^
)
{Italian.) ,
SECONDA),_ rp, ,. V
to show that
subsequent passage is to be played
a
7*
7ff 8E
SENTIMENTO,SENTIMENTALE (J"fl2"an.)
With
feeling and senti|[ient.
SENZA (Italian*) Withput : as, senza organo, witht
instruments.
SEPTUOR. A for seven
composition instruments or
^even voices,
SEQUENCE. A series of similar chords,or intervals,
"c.
SERBANO (Italian.)The a musical instru-
serpent, ment
so called.
SERENADE (french.) \ A serenade or evening
JPERENAT4 (Italian.) J iBoncert m the open air.
SI *79
on an consisting
subject,
amorous of song,
ments.
SEKIA (Italian.)Serious,tragic
: as, opera seria, a
serious opera.
SERIOSO (Italian,)In style. a serious
SERPEGGIANDO (Italian.)Gently and silently
creejMng onwards, quietlyadvancing.
"
character, in
pastoral
soothing, time, resembling
g
SI REPLICA (Italian.)Repeat.
SI TACE (Italian,)Be silent.
SLENTANDO (Italian.)A gradual diminutioa in
the time or speed of the movement
to tone.
\ r "
^^^''''^' ^^' .v
*' ^^^"
SOLFEGGIO (Italian.)
SOLI, pluralof SOLO (Italian.)Impliesthat two or
more principalparts play or sing toother: such
parts, of course, are never doubled.
" "
32 ST
or subtonic.
SOUVENIRS reminis-
(French plu,) Recollecti(ais,
cences.
!^f.^!f^"l
STAT
Us it standi.
) (Latin.)
STAB AT (Latin.)A hymn on the crucifixion.
MATER
placed.
are
double bar.
STRASCINANDO Dragging,rehixingin
(Italian.)
degreeof movement.
the
STRASCINO (Italian,)Relaxingin the degree of
movement.
STRATHSPEY. A lively
Scotch dance in common
time.
STRENG (German,) Strict, in relation to style. %
STREPITOSO 1 manner.
STRETTO The
(/i(a/"an.} knot Thatpartofafiigue
in which the subjectand answer succeed one ther
ano-
"
See CocK8*8 magnificent edition of AIbrechtBl)erger
on Barmonjr
"B44X"lllpOBiUflBt
8 TOlf. $V6,
84 SW
any key.
SUBITO (Italian.)
Quickly: as, v^ti svMtOy turn
over quickly.
SUBMEDIAJST. The sixth of the scale.
SUBSEMITONE. The semitme below the note.
key-
a series of lessons.
de pieces,
SUL (Italian.)On or upon : as^ std Ay on the A string
of the violin,"c.; stilponticello,
on or near the
bridge.
SUO LOCO (Latin.) In its own or usiialplace.
SUPER (Latin.) Above, over.
in the scale.
SUPERTONIC. The note above the tonic or key-
note.
by retaining
note some note of the previouschord.
SVECaAATO (Italian.) SmarUy, wiOi life.
SWELL* That portionof an organ which consists of
TA 85
T.
sure.
*
Seo Hamllton'f Catacbinn on the Oigaa.
8
86 TE -
TEDESCO
!^^"^^"-^ ^ *^ "*"^ **y**-
TE DEUM
(Latin.) A hymn of thanksgiving.
TEMA (Italian.)A subjector theme.
TEMPERAMENT (French.) Temperament, a term
used in the mathematical theoryof sound, in tuningr
"C.*
TEMPESTOSO (Italian.)In a tempestuous man-
ner,
Tuning.
TH 87
a minuet.
TEMPO GIUSTO (Italian.)In stricttime.
TEMPO PRIMO (Italian.)In the first or original
time. "
86 TR
instrument,generally
for a single the piano-
forte.
jposedly.
W TU
TRITON 1
TRITONE (Italian,)]
^^P^^^^^au^ented ^^'^'^'
TRITONUS {Latin,))
TROCHEE. A foot,composed of
dissyllabic one long
aad one shortsyllable.
TROMBA (Italian.)A trumpet.
TEORETICO (Italian,)A theorist,
in opposition to
a practical
mere musician.
TROMBA BI BASSO (Italian,)Bass trumpet.
TROMBA MARINA (Italian,) The trumpet-
marine, a speciesof monpchord.
TROMBETTA (Italian,)A small-sized trumpei:.
TROMBONE (Italian,)A very powerftd and rough-
toned instrument of the trumpet kind, but much
U.
musical instrument.
UGUALMEMTE all alike.
(Italian.)^Equally,
UMKEHRUNGr (German.) Inversion, in speaking
of chords.
V.
increase in loudness.
VALCE {Italian.) ) A waltz : as, Valse de Voiseau,
VALSE (French.) ) a bird-waltz.*
VARIAMENTO (Italian.)In a varied and free style
of execution.
VARIAZIONI (Italianplu.) Variations upon an
air or theme.
VAUDEVILLE (French.) A short interesting dra-
matic
interludes,
organ, intended as preludes, or post-lodes
to psalm-tunes, "c
brato.
VIBRATO, VIBRATE {Italian.)With a strong vi-
brating
qualityof tone.
lin,violoncello, that
"c., to signify particular
note a
blingthe violin
VIOL DI GAMBA (Italian.)An instrument bling
resem-
but mounted
the violoncello, with six strings.
VIOLINO. The violin:
VIOLINO PRINCIPALE (ItoHan.) The first or
violin part
principal
94 VO
some particularinstrument.
VISTAMENTE (Italian.)
)
VITE (French.) \With quickness.
VITEMEiSTT (French.) )
VIVACE, VrVAMENTE, CON VTVACITA (Ital.)
pr
With briskness and animaticxi.
^
VOLTA Time
{Italian.) of playinga movement : as,
page quickly.
VOLUNTARY. A piecefor tileorgan, generally
sisting
con-
of the play"r.
VON {German.) By, often o"curs in German titles.
used in harmony.
'VORSVEILE {German.)Preludes to psalm-tunes, "c.
W.
"
z.
used, a comet.
speaking of times.
playing.
98 ABBREVUTIONS.
G.
"hando. . . .
Grandioso Grazo Grazioso.
I.
Introd. ..... .
". Introduzione.
L.
M.
M. D. . .
Mano dritta Mf. Mezzo forte
M. S. . .
Mano sinistra M. P. . . .
Mezzo piano
M. M. .Maelzel's Metronome Maesto.. .
Maestoso
0.
All 8va. . .
All' ottava
8a or 8va. .
Ottava
8va aha . .
Octava alta or ottava alta,an octave higher
S^abassa. .
Ottava bassa, an octave lower
Con 8^a, ,
Con ottava, with octaves
Op. . .
Opera Orgo. . .
Organo Ob. . .
Oboe or oboi.
P.
T. ..... .
Piano Pp. . . .
Pianissimo
Ped. ....
Pedal I""*, prima " 1"". primo
Pf. Piano and then forte Ppp. pianissimo
. . . . very
Perden. . .
Berdendosi Pizz. .
Pizzicato
.
Prest"ao Prestissima
BaddoJt . .
Raddplcendo Rf. Rfz. orRinf. Rinforzando
ABBREVIATIONS. 99
i Rallentando
. . .
Rallo.
. . .
j Riteii.
....
Ritenuto.
S.
Stacc. Staccato.
. . . ...
T.
Ten.. Tenuto.
....
U.
Unis. UnisonL
" . . .
V.
first
Come tempo del tema. Same moyemttkt as the theme.
CantcMe, omamenti ad libitum^ ma piittosto pochi e
huonu In a with
singingstyle, embellishments at
to the fortissimo.
Seconda volta molto crescendo. Much louder the
sec"nd tiiQeof playing.
SirC cUfine, To the end.
aionally
even douhle* sharp,or double flat.
Thus we have C juatural,
C sharp,C flat,
and, at
C doublesharp ciscis.
C double flajt cesces.
~ ~ "
drawn above or below the
Ledger lines, stave to
"
supplyadditiqiial
placesfor the notes.
"~*v
Treble or G clef.
\ Clefs J C which
clef, admits of four sitila-
tions.
F or bass clef.
JPkteSfRests,Dot", ^c,
-
M " Breve.
Semibreye.
Mimnii
t
- Crotchet
" Quavei .
Semiquaver.
104
"
S "
Demisemiquaver.
"
"" " Minim rest. 1
"
sa "
Quaver r^^t.
"
g "
Semiquaver rest.
JPemisemiguaver
rest.
,
"c
fv
106
3
- three crotchets "
i "
*""."
6
six crotchets
4
6
SIX quavers
8*
\ twelve quavers
8
12
twdvesemiquarers
9
nine quavers
8
9 ^ nme sebuquavers
16
Slur,or legatomarL
" 8. Graces.
^
Jor/ Indicatesthe appo^aturo,\vl^ether
superior
or
inferior.
-%. Turn.
1
2 Inveijtedjtum.
108 "
tr or tr A f hake.
^^^^^
""
or
"
The vibratioJI or close shake.
.^,"^^
i Double bar.
i Double
strain.
bar, with a of
repetition the preceding
i DouUe
'
strain.
bar, with a of
repetition the foUowing
I Indicates the
piece.
strain which is to conclude the
109
in harp and
piano-forte, organ music, or
in scores.
f = 120 )
J Mark the of MaelzeFs
application Metro-
J Z 80 ) nome.
"c.
Ped.
' '
I mer to indicate a down, and the latter an
A ) upy bow.