Abstract

This term paper presents the introduction about the RFID, the chronological history of RFID,
the important peoples and organizations involved in the field of RFID, working and processes
involved in the RFID, problems encountered by the researchers (technical, economic, security
and privacy, cost and viruses) in the field of RFID, applications(in production, in retail and also
other important applications). We also discuss about the future scope of RFID.

Introduction

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the wireless non-contact use of radio-

frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data, for the purposes of automatically identifying
and tracking tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored information. Some
tags are powered by and read at short ranges (a few meters) via magnetic fields (electromagnetic
induction). Others use a local power source such as a battery, or else have no battery but collect
energy from the interrogating EM field, and then act as a passive transponder to emit
microwaves or UHF radio waves (i.e., electromagnetic radiation at high frequencies). Battery
powered tags may operate at hundreds of meters. Unlike a bar code, the tag does not necessarily
need to be within line of sight of the reader, and may be embedded in the tracked object.

Although the foundation of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology was laid by
past generations, only recent advances opened an expanding application range to its practical
implementation. RFID is only one of numerous technologies grouped under the term Automatic
Identification (Auto ID), such as bar code, magnetic inks, optical character recognition, voice
recognition, touch memory, smart cards, biometrics etc. Auto ID technologies are a new way of
controlling information and material flow, especially suitable for large production networks. The
RFID technology is a means of gathering data about a certain item without the need of touching
or seeing the data carrier, through the use of inductive coupling or electromagnetic waves. The
data carrier is a microchip attached to an antenna (together called transponder or tag), the latter
enabling the chip to transmit information to a reader (or transceiver) within a given range, which
can forward the information to a host computer. The middleware (software for reading and
writing tags) and the tag can be enhanced by data encryption for security-critical application at
an extra cost, and anti-collision algorithms may be implemented for the tags if several of them
are to be read simultaneously. One important feature enabling RFID for tracking objects is its
capability to provide unique identification. One possible approach to item identification is the
EPC (Electronic Product Code) , providing a standardized number in the EPC global Network,
with an Object Name Service (ONS) pro- viding the adequate Internet addresses to access or
update instance-specific data. However, currently, ONS cannot be used in a global environment,
and since it is a proprietary service, its use is relatively expensive, especially for participants
with limited resources such as SMEs.

RFID tags are used in many industries. An RFID tag attached to an automobile during
production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line. Pharmaceuticals can be
tracked through warehouses. Livestock and pets may have tags injected, allowing positive
identification of the animal. On off-shore oil and gas platforms, RFID tags are worn by personnel
as a safety measure, allowing them to be located 24 hours a day and to be quickly found in
emergencies.

Since RFID tags can be attached to clothing, possessions, or even implanted within people, the
possibility of reading personally-linked information without consent has raised privacy concerns

The way for broad adoption

Working Principle Of RFID

This section discusses basics of RFID systems and offers taxonomy of the many various types of
RFID systems. We briefly discuss two major RFID standards and how they relate to practice.

Problems Encountered By Researchers

Technical
Economic
Cost.
Security and Privacy
Viruses
Applications

RFID in the field of production:-

Other applications of RFID including pets identifications
Future Technologies

REFERENCES:-
Peters, M. Pauly, and K. Beck, ServicebotsMobile robots in co- operative
environments, ERCIM News,
Albrecht, K., and McIntyre, L. (2005). Spychips : How Major Corporations and
Government Plan to Track Your Every Move with RFID. Nelson Current Publishing.
EPCglobal. Http://www.epcglobalinc.org.
RFID Journal. (2003). Gillette Confirms RFID Purchase.
Journelhttp://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview