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Uplink Throughput
-I n E-UTRAN uses a maximum of a single Tx antenna at the UE and 2 Rx
antennas at the E Node B.
- Greater user throughput should be achievable using multiple Tx
antennas at the UE ( MIMO )
Significance: Target for averaged user throughput per MHz, 2 to 3
times Release 6 Enhanced Uplink i.e Higher user throughput as
compared to 3G (Over 50 Mbps Uplink as compared to 5.76 Mbps
in UMTS).The user throughput should scale with the spectrum
bandwidth provided that the maximum transmit power is also
scaled.
These same parameters are exploited in drive test software to provide new
value to the RF engineers rolling out the final network.
With radio resource management taking place in the eNB, suitably
instrumented phones can be used to monitor the performance of the
physical layer including modulation schemes, access procedures,
synchronization, and power control.
The same types of parameters are measured for LTE as for other cellular
technologies. Beyond the essential protocol log, which provides visibility of
the fundamental interaction with the network, the initial focus is on RF
coverage and quality. Figure 3 identifies the main measurements that are
made. In LTE, these equate to reference signal received power (RSRP) and
reference signal received quality (RSRQ), which are measures of the strength
and quality of reference signals. These two results are the major components
of network-based decisions to keep a UE on its current cell or hand it over to
an adjacent cell.
Additional measurements used to assess the link quality include call quality
index (CQI) and block error rates (BLER). While RSRQ is the 3rd Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP)-defined measure of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N),
which all mobiles must make and report, many LTE UEs are also making
custom carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N) measurements, which they use internally
to assess channel quality. These additional carrier-to-interference (C/I)
measurements are not reported back to the network, but they are available
within the drive test logs and can be used by RF engineering teams to get
extra insight as to how
the mobiles perceive the RF environment.
Header (computing)
Examples
b) INTER MSC ( MSC- MSC) ----1. transfer between cell under the control
of diff MSC
TA DSC CHM
RH CiMd
MCC MNC LAC
RA CI
1.
2. Llcell BCCH ARFCN
3.
4.
5.
L1. Logical channel.----- BCCH
TX - transmit power
TA -- Timing advance
CiMdCiphering mode
22. What are the technique GSM offers which combat Multipath fading?
Equalization
Diversity
Freq Hopping
Interleaving
Channel coding
DCCH---- 1.SDCCH.
2. SACCH
3. FACCH
25. What are types of bursts?
Normal Burst
Frequency Correction Burst
Synchronization Burst.
Dummy Burst
Access Burst.
26. What is adjacent channel separation in GSM?
Urban Environment-------- 200khz
Sub Urban Environment ---- 400khz
Open environment ----- 800khz
The following table gives an idea of the correlation between RXQUAL and FER
and between subjective speech quality and different FER classes.
Typically, the share of the RXQUAL classes 6 and 7 may increase after FH is
switched on, even if no other changes have been made. This may seem to be
surprising since it is expected that frequency hopping improves the network
quality. However, in most cases the quality is actually improved, but the
improvement is more visible in the call success ratio. The improved tolerance
against interference and low field strength in FH network means that it is less
likely that the decoding of SACCH frames fails causing increment in the radio
link timeout counter. Thus, it is less likely that a call is dropped because of
the radio link timeout. Instead, the calls generating high RXQUAL samples
tend to stay on. This may lead to increase in the share of RXQUAL 6-7.
However, at the same time the call success rate is significantly improved.
In the Error! Reference source not found., there are presented some trial
results of a DL RXQUAL distribution with different frequency allocation reuse
patterns. As can be seen from the figures, the tighter the reuse becomes, the
less samples fall in quality class 0 and more samples fall in quality classes 1-
6. Theres bigger difference in downlink than in uplink direction.
In a case of the random hopping, this means that the measured idle channel
interference is likely to be the same for all the TRXs that use the same MA-
list. If the interference is averaged over more than one SACCH frame, the
averaging effect is even stronger. However, normally the interferers are
mobiles located in interfering cells. In this case, there are probably
differences in the measured idle channel interferences between different
time slots in the cell. This happens, because the interfering mobiles are only
transmitting during the time slot that has been allocated to them. This is
illustrated in Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-1.
If the cyclic hopping sequence is used, there might occur differences on the
measured idle channel interference levels between the TRXs on the same
time slot as explained in the following section.
Discontinuous reception
Another method used to conserve power at the mobile station is
discontinuous reception. The paging channel, used by the base station to
signal an incoming call, is structured into sub-channels. Each mobile station
needs to listen only to its own sub-channel. In the time between successive
paging sub-channels, the mobile can go into sleep mode, when almost no
power is used.
All of this increases battery life considerably when compared to analog
: What is Tri-band and Dual-band?
1. INTRODUCTION
Every Network needs to be under continues control to maintain/improve the
performance. Optimization is basically the only way to keep track of the
network by
looking deep into statistics and collecting/analyzing drive test data. It is
keeping an eye
on its growth and modifying it for the future capacity enhancements. It also
helps
operation and maintenance for troubleshooting purposes.
Successful Optimization requires:
Recognition and understanding of common reasons for call failure
Capture of RF and digital parameters of the call prior to drop
Analysis of call flow, checking messages on both forward and reverse
links to establish what happened, where, and why.
Optimization will be more effective and successful if you are aware of what
you are
doing. The point is that you should now where to start, what to do and how
to do.
0BJECTIVES
PR0FESSI0NAL
SYN0PSIS
Presently 2G / 3G / RF/Telecom Consultant/Corporate Telecom Trainer in
United Telecom Limited (UTL Technologies Limited) since July 2012 to Till
Date. Ability to perform quality work within deadlines with or without direct
supervision and always work with confidence and hard work. Excellent
written and oral communications, interpersonal, analytical, abstract
reasoning and organizational skills. Extensive knowledge of 2G,3G & Strong
knowledge on RF Engineering
EMPL0YMENT RECITAL
C0MPLETED PR0JECT
PR0JECT:
1) UNINOR-2G:-
ALCATEL LUCENT, ORISSA, INDIA
Duration: Oct 2009 to JAN 2010
2) VIDEOCON-2G
NSN, TAMILNADU, INDIA
Duration: FEB2010 to DEC 2010
3) AIRCEL 3G
HUWEAI, KERALA, INDIA
Duration:
4) TATA 3G
HUWEAI, KERALA, INDIA
Duration:
5) IDEA 3G
NSN, KERALA, INDIA
Duration:
PERS0NAL PR0FILE:
Brief Profile: I am a Committed, gracious and
enthusiastic person.
Strengths: Flexibility, Competitiveness,
Cooperativeness
Date of Birth: ***********
Fathers name: *************
Gender: Male
Marital Status: Single
Language Known: Hindi, English
Nationality: Indian
Declaration:
Place: Bangalore
Date-08/01/2013
(Dharmendra
Kumar Singh)
In the following questions, please select one alternative which you think is
the best answer for the particular question.
1. SDCCH
2. BCCH
3. TCH
4. A&C
Q2. The parameter number of Slot Spread Trans (SLO)(BTS) is used to allocate a
number of CCCH blocks for .
a) MAIO step is used to avoid intra-cell interference where as HSN is used to avoid
inter-cell interference
b) HSN is used to avoid intra-cell interference where as MAIO step is used to avoid
inter-cell interference
c) Both MAIO step and HSN are used to avoid intra-cell interference.
d) Both MAIO step and HSN are used to avoid inter-cell interference
a) PLMN-Permitted (PLMN)
b) Rx Level Access Minimum (RXP)
c) Cell Reselect Hysteresys (HYS)
d) Handover Margin Level (LMRG)
Q7. Which Parameter describes the minimum received field strength required by
an MS to get any service from the network in that cell in Idle mode?
a) PLMN-Permitted (PLMN)
b) Rx Level Access Minimum (RXP)
c) Cell Reselect Hysteresis (HYS)
d) Direct Access Level (DAL)
Q9. Increasing Radio Link Time Out (RLT) from 16 to 24 will improve following
KPI
a) A feature that allows a recovery system to restore a BCCH to its original TRX
after fault has been eliminated.
b) It is designed to control the traffic load of a frequency hopping radio network in
which frequencies are reused tightly.
c) It is used in call set up to assign a TCH to an MS from a cell outside the serving
cell due to TCH congestion
d) None of the above
1. Angular distance between the points on two opposite sides of the peak
direction where the radiation intensity drops to the 1/2 of the peak
intensity.
2. Angular distance between the points on two opposite sides of the peak
direction where the radiation intensity drops to the 1/3 of the peak
intensity.
3. Angular distance between the points on two opposite sides of the peak
direction where the radiation intensity drops to the 1/4 of the peak
intensity.
4. Angular distance between the points on two opposite sides of the peak
direction where the radiation intensity drops to the 1/8 of the peak
intensity.
1. Antenna Hoping.
2. Frequency Hoping.
3. Antenna Diversity.
4. MAIO.
1. 150 K Erl
2. 300 K Erl
3. 135 K Erl
4. 165 K Erl
1. Tilting of Dipoles.
2. Inserting Phase Shift.
3. Inserting attenuation.
4. None of the above.
Q20 Which Antenna has the highest front to back Ratio?
1. Loop
2. Yagi
3. Dipole
4. Parabolic
Q21 Select relation between forward power and Reflected Power if load is not
connected?
1. VSWR=1
2. VSWR=
3. VSWR=0
4. VSWR=1/2
1. Idle,Standby,Ready
2. Dedicated,Standby,Ready
3. Idle,Dedicated,Standby
4. None of above
1. QPSK
2. GMSK
3. 8PSK
4. PSK
1. System Info 1, 2, 3.
2. System Info 1, 2, 3,4,13.
3. System Info 5, 6.
4. None of the above.
1. Loss freq.
2. Loss 1/freq.
3. Loss sqr(freq)
4. None of the above.
1. SQI
2. Downlink quality.
3. Uplink Quality
4. None of the Above.
1. The MS breaks connection from source cell and then tunes on the
target cell.
2. The MS continues connection from the source, tunes on the target and
then releases the source cell.
3. MS gets paging message from the target and replies it on its RACH and
gets TCH allocated.
4. MS gets paging message from the target and replies it on its RACH and
gets SDCCH allocated.
1. TCH
2. SDCCH
3. SACCH
4. FACCH
1. 4.615 ms
2. 1250 ms
3. 0.577 ms
4. 156.25 ms
Q37 Modulation used in GSM radio interface is?
Q39 As per GSM Standard in case of frequency hopping the C/I value should
be at least?
1. 3 dB
2. 6 dB
3. 9 dB
4. 12 dB
1. GMSC
2. MSC
3. Source BSC
4. Target BSC
Q41 The maximum no of neighbors that can be defined with a cell is?
1. 8
2. 16
3. 32
4. 64
1. The MS only
2. The SGSN only
3. Both the MS and the SGSN
4. None of the above
Q48 The mapping of logical name/Host name to IP addresses in the GPRS
network is done by
1. Border Gateway
2. SGSN
3. GGSN
4. DNS
1. In the MSC
2. In the SGSN
3. In the GGSN
4. All of the above
Q50 Which layer uses the functionality of Uplink State Flag (USF)?
1. RLC Layer
2. Physical Layer
3. MAC Layer
4. All of the above
1. 51
2. 52
3. 26
4. 8
Q52 Which coding scheme does not use Forward Error Correction (FEC)?
1. CS-1
2. CS-2
3. CS-3
4. CS-4
1. Location Area
2. Routing Area
3. Both a and b
4. None of the above
Q54 Which layer is responsible for segmentation and reassembly of LLC
PDUs and backward error correction (BEC) procedures?
1. Physical Layer
2. Application Layer
3. RLC Layer
4. MAC Layer
Q55 Which coding scheme has adopted the same coding as used for SDCCH?
1. CS-1
2. CS-2
3. CS-3
4. CS-4
Q56 What is the single timeslot data rate for coding scheme CS-2
1. 7.8 Kbit/s
2. 10.4 Kbit/s
3. 13.4 Kbit/s
4. 21.4 Kbit/s
a) Downlink direction
b) Uplink direction
c) In both direction
d) As a Amplifier
1. 6
2. 4
3. 2
4. 8
Q59 During conference call which channel is used to establish another call-
1. SACCH
2. SDCCH
3. FACCH
4. TCH
1. 4040510014011
2. 404056436BB
3. 4040514433273
4. 4040510033273
Q69. If AMR FR & AMR HR is enabled in network, then what will be the
formula for counting GSM FR Traffic with help of EOSFLX KPI Reports ?
1. Total Traffic AMR FR Traffic
2. Total Traffic AMR FR Traffic - AMR HR Traffic
3. Total Traffic GSM HR Traffic AMR FR Traffic AMR HR Traffic
4. None of Above.
Q70. By reducing value of RET parameter it will help to improve which KPI?
1. TCH Drop
2. SDCCH Drop
3. HO Success
4. None of above.
Q71. What is the range of AMH TRHO PBGT Margin parameter?
1. -6 to +6, 255
2. -24 to +24, 255
3. -6 to +24, 255
4. +6 to +24, 255
Q72. What is the relation between HO Load Factor and HO Priority Level?
1. Load Factor > Priority Level
2. Load Factor >= Priority Level
3. Load factor < Priority Level
4. Load Factor <=Priority Level
Q73. Which are the basic features helps to distribute traffic in nearby cells?
1. DR
2. IDR
3. AMH
4. All of above
Q74. Using Multi BCF Common BCCH feature operator can expand how many
numbers of TRX in one segment without using another BCCH?
1. 16
2. 24
3. 30
4. 36
Q75. While Using Path loss Criterion C2 which parameter should be made 0
so that this particular cell have higher C2 Value even though having poor C1?
1. CRO
2. TEO
3. Penalty Time
4. None of above.
Q79. How many maximum uplink TBF can be there per RTSL?
1. 6
2. 7
3. 8
4. 9
Q83. Which is / are the main factors affecting the Radio Accessibility for TBF
in UL/ DL?
1. Coverage
2. Capacity
3. Interference
4. All of above.
Q84. Which parameter setting can help to increase the TBF Retainability?
1. UL Power Control
2. DL Power Control
3. All of above.
4. None of above.
Q90. When 2 calls are made from different TRXs of same cell having 1*1 RF
hopping; what plays important role to neglect C/I?
1. MAL ID
2. HSN
3. MAIO Step
4. MAIO Offset
Q92. What can be done to overcome combiner loss when cell is upgraded
from 2 TRX to 3 TRX?
1. Remove Combiner
2. Air-Combining
3. HOP = OFF
4. TMA Implementation
Q104. Which one out of following is not a part of AMR Codec Modes?
1. 4.6
2. 5.9
3. 7.4
4. 12.2
Q108. Out of following which element/s in the GSM N/W can not initiate HO?
1. BSC
2. BTS
3. MSC
4. None of Above
Q110. When we say the output power of a Transmitter is 30dBm, how many
watts does it mean?
1. 3W
2. 1W
3. 1mW
4. 30mW
Q114. How many blocks of AGCH are reserved in non combined mode?
1. 1-7
2. 0-2
3. 0-7
4. None of Above.
1. A3,A5,A8
2. SRES,RAND,Kc
3. RAND,A3,A8
4. SRES,Kc,A8
1. Authentication
2. Transmission of short messages
3. Adaptive power control information from BTS to MS only
4. Assignment of traffic channel to MS.
Q118 How many TS can be used at the most with HSCSD?
1. 2
2. 4
3. 6
4. 8
Q119 What should be the value of C/I when you are in hopping mode?
1. Above 9
2. Above 12
3. Less than 9
4. All of the above are correct
Q120 Which value of level and quality should be considered for analysis in a
DT log
1. Full
2. Sub
3. Both
4. None of the above is correct.
Q121 What are the coding schemes observerd in UL/ DL after implementing
EDGE in your Network:
1. CS1-CS4
2. MCS1-MCS6
3. MCS5-MCS9
4. MCS1-MCS9
1. 5
2. 2
3. 6
4. 4
Q124 How many TRXs can be accommodated max on a single E1 where DAP
pool is assigned for 4 TS in a Ultra site
1. 12
2. 16
3. 18
4. 24
Q125 How much traffic will be offered by a sector having 4 TRX with GOS of
2%
1. 24Erlangs
2. 21.03Erlangs
3. 23.56Erlangs
4. 22.12 Erlangs
Q126 Which ND report would you refer in order to find the discrepancy for
Handovers?
1. Report 163
2. Report 166
3. Report 153
4. Report 208
Q127 On what basis would an optimizer decide whether the site serving is
overshooting:
1. On the basis of TA
2. From ND report 232
3. Physically verifying whether the cell is having up tilt
4. All of the above
Q130 Which alarm indicates the TRX faulty operation in the system:
1. 7601
2. 7602
3. 7725
4. 7745
1. U/L
2. D/L
3. Both A&B
4. Cannot be estimated.
Q132 Which is the unique feature in TEMS for analsing speech quality:
1. Rx qual Full
2. Rx Qual Sub
3. SQI
4. Rx Qual.
Q133 Drop calls due to Handovers can be caused basically due to:
1. -47dbm
2. -110dm
3. -65dbm
4. -85dbm
Q137 What would be the power loss after using a combiner in a sector:
1. -2db
2. -1db
3. -3db
4. -4db
Q139 Which report would give you the total payload for GPRS:
1. 232
2. 208
3. 228
4. 226.
Q140 In a Flexi BTS 1 physical TRX would logically represent how many Trx:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. None of the above.
Q141 Booster becomes a solution in case of :
1. Capacity
2. Coverage
3. A & B Both
4. None of the above
1. 2
2. 0
3. 1
4. 4
Q143. Which ND report gives the data for RACH rejection on cell level?
5. 134
6. 132
7. 188
8. 111.
Q144. Which ND report would you refer in order to find the discrepancy for
Handovers?
5. Report 163
6. Report 166
7. Report 153
8. Report 208
Q145.On what basis would an optimizer decide whether the site serving is
overshooting:
5. On the basis of TA
6. From ND report 232
7. Drive test logs
8. All of the above
Q146.Which ND report would give you the total payload for GPRS:
5. 232
6. 208
7. 228
8. 226.
1. ZERO
2. ZEQO
3. ZEOL
4. ZELO
1. ZEFO
2. ZEDO
3. ZEHO
4. ZEGO
1. 051
2. 053
3. 061
4. 063.
Q154 In which ND report we can see hourly Traffic Profile for a cell?
1. 180
2. 181
3. 182
4. 186
Q161. How many 64 Kbps DAP TSLs are required if MS is using MCS 9
(consider: dedicated data timeslot = 4, single data user attached)?
1. 2
2. 4
3. 6
4. 8
Q163. What is the Maximum output power of Metrosite BTS in terms of Watt?
1. 5
2. 10
3. 20
4. 40
Q164. What is the maximum number of TRXs can created per BCSU in BSC
3i with version S12?
1. 110
2. 200
3. 100
4. 220
Q165. Which interface is required to implement combine paging (Voice +
Data)
1. Gs
2. DPM ( Dual Paging Mode)
3. Gn
4. DPT ( Dual Paging Transmission)
Q166. In which ND report we can see TRHO Handovers attempt and success?
1. 153
2. 154
3. 155
4. 156
Q167. How many TRXs can be handled by 1 BB2F Card in Ultra Site BTS?
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 6
Q168. Which of the following BTS Type do not have combiner in-built in
them?
1. Ultra Site
2. Metro Site
3. Flexi BTS
4. None of above
Q170. In which ND report we can see paging deletion counts for cell level?
1. 180
2. 181
3. 182
4. 186
Q171 Out of following, which is true as per NSN Specification?
1. CDED<=CDEF
2. CDED>CDEF
3. CDED=CDEF+CMAX
4. CDEF=CDED+CMAX
Q175 Which BTS Type does not support Rx Diversity (RDIV) parameter?
1. Flexi Edge BTS
2. Ultra BTS
3. Metro BTS
4. Talk Family BTS
Q180 Which of the following is not a feature of GSM network alone, but also
feature of analog mobile communication network?
1. Digital transmission of user data in air interface
2. Possibility of full international roaming in any country
3. Better speech quality
4. Fully digitized switching exchange
Q181 which of the following is parameter affecting cell sites while planning
the network
1. Antenna height
2. MS power
3. BTS Power
4. None Of Above
a) 7
b) 8
c) 1
d) 2
a) 32
b) 64
c) 256
d) 1024
a) HLR
b) MSC
c) VLR
d) Authentication Centre
1. Neighbor Cell Id
2. DTX Status
3. Ciphering status
4. HSN
Q 197. In a cell configured with phase diversity, with air combining, what
should be ideal distance between two antennas of same sector?
1. At least /4 separated
2. At least /10 separated
3. 0 distance
4. None of above
1. BB Hopping
2. RF Hopping
3. Cyclic Hopping
4. All of above