Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Biochimie metabolica
B
1
Catabolismul lipidelor endogene
ATP E-OH Pi
TAG-triacilgliceroli
PKA PP AGL-acizi grasi liberi
In stare de inanitie
E-OH E-O-P AGL degradare pt sinteza de ATP (muschi scheletici,
pirofosfataza
2 Pi
3
2 etape distincte:
R-COOH + ATP R-CO~AMP + PP
R-CO~AMP + CoASH R-CO~SCoA + AMP
2 izoenzime:
CAT -1 legata la membr mit externa, catalizeaza acilarea carnitinei
CAT-2 din matricea mitocondriala, catalizeaza dezacilarea Acil-carnitinei
CAT 1
CAT 2
Acyl CoA
H H Dehydrogenase H Reactiile 2-5 au
R-CH2 -C-C-COSCoA R-CH2 -C=C-COSCoA loc in mitocondrii
2
H H H trans-2 -enoyl CoA
FAD FADH2
H2 O R-CH2-CH2-CH2-COSCoA
3
Enoyl CoA Hydratase
L--Hydroxyacyl FADH2
-Ketoacyl CoA
CoA FAD
H H H
Dehydrogenase
R-CH2 -C-C-COSCoA R-CH2 -C-C-COSCoA NAD+ NADH
OH HO H L--Hydroxyacyl CoA
NADH NAD+
+ H+ 4 CoASH CH3CO~SCOA
CoASH
Thiolase
5
R-CH2-COSCoA
R-CH2 -C-SCoA CH3 -C-SCoA
+
O O
Urmeaza o noua runda de -oxidare
CH3 CH2 --CH2 CH2 --CH2 CH2 --CH2 CH2 --CH2 CH2 --CH2 CH2 --CH2 CH2 --CH2 COSCoA
7 cicluri de -oxidare
3 izoenzime: short (4-6 C).; medium (4-14). si long (12-18 C) chain acyl
CoA dehydrogenases
Tetramer A4, MMA 43 kDa, 1 FAD/monomer
Sudden infant death syndrome lipseste medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase
8
Enoil CoA hidrataza transforma stereospecific:
7 3= 21 moli ATP
Ciclul Krebs 8 12= 96 moli ATP
7 2= 14 moli ATP
CTEM
96 + 14 + 21 = 131 moli ATP
10 9
CH3-(CH2)5-CH=CH-(CH2)7-CO~SCoA
3 runde -oxidare
4 5
CH3-(CH2)5-CH=CH-CH2-CO~SCoA
cis-3-enoil SCoA
cis -trans
Enoil CoA izomeraza
Deplare dubla
legatura
4 3
CH3-(CH2)5-CH2-CH=CH-CO~SCoA
trans-2-enoil SCoA -oxidare normala
10
Ex.2. -oxidarea acidului 18:2 6,9 all cis octadecadienoic
10 9 8 7 6
CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)4-CO~SCoA
2 runde -oxidare
3 2
CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CO~SCoA
Enoil CoA hidrataza
CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH-CH2-CO~SCoA
OH
3-D-hidroxi-enoil CoA
Epimeraza
-oxidarea peroxizomala
Acid gras CoA + O2 acid gras CoA oxidaza (FAD) trans-2-enoil CoA + H2O2
Enzima difunctionala
CH3-(CH2)-COOH + CO2
-oxidarea la plante, seminte germinate
13
UNIVERSITATEA DIN BUCURESTI
Biochimie metabolica
A
Corpii cetonici
1
2
3
Reglari metabolice in diabet si inanitie
Oxalacetat
Piruvat
Pir carboxilaza
glicoliza 3
Glucoza
activare
inhibitie
4
5
Reactie totala
2 CH3-CO~SCoA + H2O
2 CoASH
CH3-CO-CH2-COOH
acetoacetat
6
2 izoenzime -tiolaza una implicata in -oxidare
alta implicata in cetogeneza
7
HEPATOCIT 8
Mitocondrie
Acizi grasi
-OXIDARE
SINTEZA CORPI CETONICI
-HO-butirat ` Acetoacetat ` HMG-CoA ` Acetoacetil CoA ` Acetil CoA
Ciclul Krebs
Citosol
SINTEZA COLESTEROL GLUCONEOGENEZA
Glucoza
Colesterol ` HMG-CoA ` Acetoacetil CoA ` Acetil CoA AmAcizi
SINTEZA AC GRASI Acizi grasi ` Malonil CoA
9
Concept vechi corpii cetonici sunt deseuri metabolice
La E.coli
1.Biotin carboxilaza
2.Transcarbomilaza
3.Proteina carrier a biotinei
2
E-carboxi-biotina +acetil CoA!
Malonil CoA + E-biotina
Urmatoarele reactii au loc sub actiunea complexului AG sintazei 14
CH3-CH(OH)-CH2-CO~SACP CH3-CH=CH-CO~SACP
2-trans-enoil (crotonil) ACP
Drojdie Mamifere
2400 kDa 260 kDa
66 2
Catena : ACP, E3, E4 Fiecare catena pliata in
Catena : E1, E2, E5, E6 3 domenii
Gr. Fosfopante-
tenil 20
flexibila
contacteaza
toate situsurile
active si toate
substratele
19
Substratele sintezei acizilor grasi
ATP
CO2
Palmitoil
CoA
activa Inactiva
E-OH E-P
Partial activa
Citrat Glucagon,epinefrina,
insulina AMP, palmitoil CoA
-oxidare sinteza
citosol
R-COOH Acetil CoA
R-CO-SCoA c
mitocondrie
[NADPH] mari inhiba 3-HO-D-acil
dehidrogenaza
[acetil CoA] mari inhiba -tiolaza
d
25