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directional selection
a mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele
frequency to continuously shift in one direction
stabilizing selection
a type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population
stabilizes on a particular trait value
disruptive selection
(or diversifying selection) a mode of natural selection in which extreme values for a
trait are favored over intermediate values
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Stabilizing Selection
If natural selection favors an average phenotype by selecting against extreme
population of mice that live in the woods, natural selection will tend to favor
individuals that best blend in with the forest floor and are less likely to be
brown, those mice whose fur is most-closely matched to that color will most
probably survive and reproduce, passing on their genesfor their brown coat.
Mice that carry alleles that make them slightly lighter or slightly darker will
stand out against the ground and will more probably die from predation. As a
decrease.
Stabilizing selection
Stabilizing selection occurs when the population stabilizes on a particular trait value and genetic
diversity decreases.
Directional Selection
When the environment changes, populations will often undergo directional
selection, which selects for phenotypes at one end of the spectrum of existing
variation.
Revolution, the moths were predominately light in color, which allowed them
soot began spewing from factories, the trees darkened and the light-colored
Directional selection
Directional selection occurs when a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to
continuously shift in one direction.
Over time, the frequency of the melanic form of the moth increased because
their darker coloration provided camouflage against the sooty tree; they had
a higher survival rate in habitats affected by air pollution. Similarly, the
their forest floor habitat changed. The result of this type of selection is a shift
Typica and carbonaria morphs resting on the same tree.The light-colored typica (below the bark's
scar) is nearly invisible on this pollution-free tree, camouflaging it from predators.
that each have their advantages. In these cases, the intermediate phenotypes
are often less fit than their extreme counterparts. Known as diversifying or
males obtain mates by brute force, while small males can sneak in for furtive
copulations with the females in an alpha male's territory. In this case, both the
alpha males and the "sneaking" males will be selected for, but medium-sized
males, which cannot overtake the alpha males and are too big to sneak
Diversifying selection occurs when extreme values for a trait are favored over the intermediate
values.This type of selection often drives speciation.
Diversifying selection can also occur when environmental changes favor
mice living at the beach where there is light-colored sand interspersed with
patches of tall grass. In this scenario, light-colored mice that blend in with the
sand would be favored, as well as dark-colored mice that can hide in the grass.
Medium-colored mice, on the other hand, would not blend in with either the
grass or the sand and, thus, would more probably be eaten by predators. The