ANECDOTE

Definition and social function of anecdote

Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or
imagination
Its. Purpose is to entertain the readers.
Generic Structured of Anecdote
1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Incident
Language Feature of Anedcote
1. Using exclamation words; it;s awful!, its wonderful, etc
2. Using imperative; listen to this
3. Using rhetoric question, do you know what?
4. Using action verb go, write, etc
5. Using conjunction of time, then, afterward
6. Using simple past tense
Contoh Anecdote
1. Blessing Behind Tragedy
There was a black family in Scotland years ago. They were Clark family
with nine children. They had ad ream to go to America. The family worked
and saved. They were making plan to travel with their children to America. It
had taken several years but binally they had saved enough money. They had
gotten passport. They had booked seats for the whole family member in a
new liner to America.
The entire family was full of anticipation and excitement with their new
life in America. However fey days before their departure, the youngest son
was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up teh boy. Because of the possibility
of getting rabies, there were being quarantined for lond days. They were in
quanarantine when the departure time came. The family dreams were
dashed. They could not make the trip to America as they had planned.
The father was full of disappointed and anger. He stomped the dock to
watch the ship leaved without him and his family. He shed tears of
disappointment. He cursed both his son and God for the misfortune.
Fice days latter, the tragic news spread throughout Scotland. The ship,
the mightyTitanic, had shank. It took hunderds of passenger and crew with it.
Titanic which had been called the unsinkable ship had sunk. It was
unvelievable but it was.
 The Clak family should have been on that ship, but because of the
bitten son by a dog, they were left behind. When the father heard the news,
he hugged the son and tahnked him for saving the family. He thanked God
for saving their lives. It was a blessing behind a tragedy. (Adapted from Look
Ahead 2).
 EXPRESSING THANKING

Pay attention to the dialogue!

Wike : Hi, how beautiful you are
Hana : Thanks you. Its my special birhtday party
Wike : Oh really? Its seventeen. Sweet seventeen
Hana : Thats right. Wike, I hope my dream comes true this year
Wike : Ehm, a beautiful dress also!
Hana : Thanks, my mother had it made for me
Expressing Thanking:
- Thank you
- I owe you very much
- Im very much obliged
- I cant thank you enough
- I really appreciate that
Responding to Thanking:
- Youre welcome
- No worries, mate
- Dont worry
- Its my pleasure
- Its okayDont mention it
- Its my honor to help you
 ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

Learning Outcome
By the end of this unit, you should be able to:
- Understand the featured of an analytical exposition
- Understand the grammatical features related to an analytical exposition
- Present arguments of an issue
- Use evaluative expression
Section A; Reading
Read this passage carefully, and answer the question
Take Care of Your Heart
Heart disease is one of the most fatal disesase. Heart disease is usually
caused by numerous factors such as high blood cholesterol, high blood
pressure, obesity, smoking (which increases a persons risk of a heart
attack), unhealthy foods and drinks, lack of exercise and rest, and stress.
However, people can minimize these risk factors if they modify their lifestyle.
Modifying ones lifestyle to become a healthy lifestyle is not difficult. It can
involve doing some simple things in daily life. For example, people can learn
to stop smoking, reduce sugar and salt intake and eat less fatty food. They
should also learn to eat more vegetables and fruits than fast food and
snacks.
In addition, it is important to exercise regulary in ordere to stay fit and
healthy, people should exercise for at least 30 minutes per session, three to
four times a week. Please take note that people who have not done any
exercise before are strongly advised to consult their doctor before starting an
exercise program.
Although most of the risk factors mentioned above are manageable, there
are still other factors, such as the persons age, gender, family history and
cardiovascular disease, that cannot be changed. Nevertheless, it has been
proven that people can manage and reduce the risk of heart disease by
having a healthy lifestyle. Take care of your heart, and it will take care of
your health.
1. What is the topic of the article on page 29?
a. Take care of your heart, and it will take care of your health
b. Heart diseases
c. Having a helathy lifestyle can reduce the risk of developing heart
disease
d. The highlight of heart disease
e. Hot to manage our own health
2. What does paragraph 2 tell us?
a. It tells us about the dos and donts for healthy living
 b. It higlights the risk of a bad and good lifestyle
c. It tells people to eat more vegatables and fruits
d. It tells people to stop smoking and start eating unhealthy foods
e. It tells us to eat less fatty foods and do more exercise
3. Indulging in... is part of an unhealthy lifestyle
a. Eating apples
b. Eating fishe
c. Eating chicken
d. Eating fatty foods
e. Doing execise
4. Smoking increases the risk of...
a. Bleeding
b. A heart attack
c. A headache
d. Going blind
e. Parkinsons disease
5. What can people do to lead a helathy lifestyel?
a. Eating cold meats and less vegetabels
b. Indulging in smoking and drinking
c. Taking more salt and sugar
d. Stopping smoking, eating less fatty and doing more exercise
e. Eating more red meat and less white meat
6. What type of text is used by the writer in Take care of your Heart?
a. Report
b. Recount
c. Narrative
d. Analytical exposition
e. Hortatory exposition
7. To tell the factul information in Take Care of Your Heart, the writer
mostly uses the...
a. Passive voice
b. Simple past tense
c. Present prefect tense
d. Simple present tense
e. Present continuous tense

8. What is the communicative purposes of the passage on page 29 (Take

Care of Your Heart)?
9. Identify the generic structure of the passage on page 29 (i.e Take care of
your heart). Decide which paragraph belongs to the thesis, arguments (s),
and reiteration.
10. Do you agree with the writers arguments stating that having a healthy
lifestyle can reduce the risk of heart disease? Why/ why not?

Section B: Vocabulary
Select the correct meaning of the following words. Put a tick () in the right
box
1. Fatal causing death
Causing harm
 Causing distress
2. Reduce to make something less or smaller
To be part of the cause of something
To send back something
3. Lifestyle someones daily activities
Someones familys commitment
Someones way of living
4. Gender sex (type)
Masculine
feminine
5. Modify remain
Change
Hold
 ASKING FOR OPINION (MEMINTA PENDAPAT)
Meminta Pendapat Memberi Pendapat:
- What do you think of/ about...? I think that...
- What is your opinion of/ about...?
I belive that
- What is your view on...?
- What do you say about...? I feel that
In my opinion
I dont really know it
I guess

LIKE AND DISLIKE (SUKA DAN TIDAK SUKA)

Like Dislike
Do you like it/ Yes, I love it No, I dont like it very
travelling? Yes, very much much
Its all right No, I hate it
I am keen on it
What do you think of Its very good I dont like it. Its too hot
the food? I like it. Its delicious Its not very good
How do you like the Its all right Itw awful
food? Its excellent I think it is terrible

AGREE AND DISAGREE (SETUJU DAN TIDAK SETUJU)

Agree Disagree
- I agree with - I disagree with..
- I think so - I wouldnt say that
- It is certainly - I dont think so
- Exactly - Exactly not
- Thats what I want to say - I cant say so
- I am with you - On contrary
- I am on your/ his side - I dont by that idea
- I buy that idea

Untuk menyatakan kesependapatan dapat juga digunakan pola elipis. Cara

membuat elips lihat bab Eliptical Construction pada segmen Language
Usage.

WARNING (PERINGATAN)
Peringatan Respon
- Look out for...! - Yes, I will, Thanks for warning me
- Watch out for...! - Thanks for the warning. Ill be very
- Be careful for..!@
careful
- Make sure you dont...!
- Mind your...! - Ill remember that, thanks
- Take care (not) to...! - Dont worry, I know that

PROHIBITION (LARANGAN)
Prohibition adalah cara-cara melarang melakukan sesuatu, merupakan
kebalikan daru suruhan dan permohonan dalam Bahasa Indonesia, melarang
umumnya diungkapkan dengan Jangan...! atau Tidak Boleh...!
Contoh:
Dont go away!
Dont smoke here!
Dont tell a lie!
Dont be lazy!
Dont be careless!
Dont be afraid!
Respon untuk prihibition adalah No, I wont yang berarti sanggup/
bersedia mematuhi larangan, dan But I will yang berarti tidak mau mematuhi
larangan itu.
Contoh
A : Dont smoke cifarettes!
B : No, I wont

X : Dont swim in the river

Y : But I will

P : Don;t forget me!

Q : No, I wont
Dapat pula menggunakan ungkapan: You must not...; you are not
allowed to...; I forbid you to... I am fradi, I cant let you...; you are not
permitted to..

CONGRATULATING (MENGUCAPKAN SELAMAT)

Congratulating merupakan ucapan pelengkap sopan santun pergaulan
dalam bahasa Inggris, bisa berupa ucapan selamat ulang tahun, selamat
atas keberhasilan seseorang, dan lain sebagainya. Respon untuk ungkapan-
ungkapan congratulation ummnya ucapan terima kasih
A : Happy birthday to you Selamat berulang tahun
B : Thank you

A : Happy new year Selamat tahun baru

B : Thank you and the same to you

A : Good luck! Selamat berjuang, bekerja,

semoga berhasil
B : Thank yo, I need it

A : have a nice holiday Selamat berlibur

B : Thank you very much

A : Congratulation/ well done Selamat atas keberhasilan

Anda
B : Thank you very much

EXPRESSING SYMPATHY (MENYATAKAN RASA SIMPATI)

Ungkapan-ungkapan perasaan simpati atas malapetaka/ musibah yang
dialami orang lain diantarnaya:
- Im sorry to hear that
- Oh. Thats too bad. I am sorry to hear it
- Thats a shame
- How awful!
- How terrible!
- How horrbible!
- Poor
Contoh
A : My father is in hospital. He is ging to have an opeation
B : Im sorry to hear that

A : I scratched the door of his new car

B : Oh, that is too bad
 LIKE AND DISLIKE

Like and dislike adalah suatu pernyataan yang menyatakan suka atau tidak
suka.
CONTOH SOAL FUNCTIONAL SKILLS DAN PEMBAHASANNYA
1. A: I never see you so ervous like this. Wha happens to you?
B: I have to do this complicated task, but I do not know where to start
The underlined words express
a. Dissatisfaction
b. Incapability
c. Uncertainly
d. Disagreement
e. Possibility
Pembahasan
Ungkapan I do not know where to start menyatakan dan digunakan
umumnya untuk menunjukkan keraguan (uncertainty)
Jawaban C
2. Shopkeeper : is there anything I can do for you?
Costumer : I need a pair of Bucheri shoes
In the dialogue the shopkeeper wants to... help
a. Ask
b. Get
c. Offer
d. Accept
e. Refuse
Pembahasan
Ungkapan is there anything I can do for you? Digunakan untuk
menawarkan (offer) jasa bantuan
Jawaban C
3. Rusli : Why are you sneezing?
Sita : Im allergic to smoke
Rusli : Oh,... for causing you such inconveniece
a. Would you mind
b. May I be excused
c. Please excuse me
d. I am terribly sorry
e. I beg you appologize
Pembahasan
Secara konteks ungkapan yang harus Rusli katakan adalah permintaan
maaf karena telah mengakibatkan ketidaknyamanan Sita. Ungkapan
permohonan maaf dinyatakan dengan sorry.
Jawaban D
4. Yuni : Hi, Lisa, I wish the earthquake had not hurt your family at all
Henny : Thanks, God, not a little bit. Luckily we all could escape, except
for my neighbour who broke his leg.
 Yuni : Oh...!
a. Its okey
b. I hope so
c. I dont care
d. How lucky you are
e. I am sorry to hear that
Pembahasan
Untuk menyatakan turut prihatin atas musibah yang diderita seseorang
digunakan ungkapan I am sorry to heart that.
Jawaban E
5. Bobby : Will you go to the movie with me tonight?
Henny : Id love to but I dont think I can. There are so much home work
to do
From the dialogue we know that Henny is...
a. Stating agreement
b. Giving an opinion
c. Accepting an offer
d. Asking for permission
e. Refusing the invitation
Pembahasan
Ungkapan Id love to but I dont think I can digunakan untuk
menyampaikan suatu penolakan atas suatu ajakan atau tawaran (refusing
an a\invitation).
Jawaban: E
6. Student A : Have you visited Mulawarman palace? It;s the oldest
palace in Kalimantan
Student B : No, I havent, but I hope to be able to do it next week
Then underlined words shows
a. Refusal
b. Agreement
c. Invitation
d. Expectation
e. Acdeptance
Pembahasan
Ungkapan I hope yang memiliki arti saya berharap digunakan untuk
menunjukkan suatu pengharapan (hope/ espectation)
Jawaban D
7. Mrs. Aditya : If I do not have certificate showing ownership of peroperty
for the guarantee, will the bank lend me some money?
The underlined expression is used to express...
a. Dissatisfaction
b. Disappointment
c. Disagreement
d. Uncertianty
e. Dislike
Pembahasan
 Ungkapan I cant say that for sure digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu
ketidakpastian (uncertainty)
Jawaban D
8. Customer : Ecsue me, Could you show me where the fitting
room is?
Shop assitant : Sure, it is over three
Customer : ...?
a. Could I try this on
b. Does this one suit me
c. Will you try this one on
d. Can I have this one, please
e. Could you tell me how much it cost
Pembahasan
Bila hendak ke kamar pas (fitting room) selayaknya kita bertanya terlebih
dahulu apakah baju tertentu dapat dicoba atau tidak. Untuk menanyakan
hal seperti ini dapat menggunakan ungkapan Could I try this on?
Jawaban A
9. Tina : Im afraid I cant finish my work
Evi : I wish I could help you
From the dialogue we can conclude that Evi... Tina
a. Cant help
b. Wont help
c. Didnt help
d. Headnt helped
e. Doesnt want to help
Pembahasan
Subjunctive wish menyatakan suatu angan-angan yang berkontradiksi
dengan fakta/ keadaan yang sebenarnya ada/ terjadi. Kalimat soal
memiliki pengertian maunya sih saya bis membantu kamu, yang berarti si
pembicara sebenarnya tidak bisa membantu rekannya (cant help)
Jawaban A
10. Reza : Wow, the beehive is getting bigger, I want to cover it
Father : ...! The bees insed may sting you
a. Mind your head
b. Dont care it
c. Be careful
d. Attention
e. Watch it
Pembahasan
Pada saat anaknya hendak menutup sarang lebah, karena ada
kemungkinan lebah dalam sarang itu menyengat si anak tersebut, maka
ungkapan si ayah yang tepat adalah yang berupa wanti-wanti. Ungkapan
seperti ini dapat dinyatakan dengan be careful.
Jawaban C
11. Eddy : Dad, didnt you see me in TV?
Father : Sure I did, You looked great
Being a father, he is so... his son
a. Proud of
b. Honest to
c. Attacted to
d. Grategul of
e. Attentive to
Pembahasan
Perasaan yang dirasakan seorang ayak tatkala anaknya tampil luar biasa
di TV pastilah bagga (proud)
Jawaban A
SOAL-SOAL LATIHAN KOMPETENSI KETERAMPILAN FUNGSIONAL
(FUNCTIONAL SKILL)

1. Mother : Ratu, could you get me some salt, please?

Ratu : Sure, mom. Here you are
The underlined expression means that
a. Ratu takes some salt for her mother
b. Mother wants to have some salt
c. Mother hopes Ratu to get some salt
d. Ratu request her mother to get some salt
e. Mother asks Ratu to get some salt
2. Kadita : How do you like our uniform, Sr?
Teacher : Wonderful!
a. I really like it
b. I am certain about it
c. I was sorry about it
d. I am a bit disappointed
e. I wondered about it
3. Seanu : Its cloudy. Do you think its going to rain?
Ratu :...., we are going to wathc a football match, arent we?
a. I hope not
b. I dont believe it
c. I couldnt believe it
d. I am not sure
e. I dont think so
4. Perdana : I havenr read todays newspaper. Would you mind lending me
yours, Prabu?
Prabu : Here you are
The closest meaning for the underlinded expression is ...
a. Perdana asks Prabu to lend him an newspaper
b. Prabu wishes Perdana lent him a newspaper
c. Perdaan wants Prabu to lend him an newspaper
d. Prabu plans to lend him a newspaper
e. Perdana wants to read a newspaper
5. Setiawan : I have never seen such a beautiful wedding ceremony
Djuharie : ..., it was really great
a. I got it now
b. I wouldnt say that
c. I was very satisfied
d. I quite disagree
e. I am very happy to hear that
6. Kadita : Congratulation, Ratu! Youre really the best sundanese dancer
Ratu : No, not at all. I just want to share what I know
The underlined expression means that Ratu....
a. Cant deny that
b. Didnt believe Kadita
c. Really wished to become a good dancer
d. Agreed with Kadita
e. Wanted to say that kadita was wrong
7. Secretary : Excuse me! Could I be excused from work today to
register my son to the elementary school?
Manager : Im sorry. I cant allow you to go out now. There are guests
coming from the central head office
From the dialogue we know that the manager
 a. Forgive his secretary
b. Asks for help to his secretary
c. Acdepts his secretarys offer
d. Rejects his secretarys advice
e. Refuses his secretarys request
8. Prabu will go to the movie but its raining very hard.
Prabu : Mom, I will go now. Its getting late
Mother : Youd better stay home, otherwise youll catch cold
From the above dialogue we know that Prabus mother....
a. Asks for attention
b. Feels regret
c. Gives advice
d. Shows anger
e. Asks for information
9. Student : .... I missed the early bus
Teacher : Thats all right. You should go earlier next time
a. Im sure you know sir
b. Im sorry for my coming late, sir
c. I dont know how to tell you, sir
d. I am happy you forgve me, Sir
e. I believe you understand me, Sir
10. Ratu and her brother, Prabu, were walking in the verandah when
Kadita, Ratus friedn, came. Ratu introduced her brother to Kadita.
Ratu : ....
Kadita : How do you do? Pleased to meet you
Prabu : How do you do?
a. How are you?
b. Kadita is my friend, Prabu
c. I beg you pardon
d. How are things, Kadita?
e. Kadita, this is my brother, Prabu
 GERUND

Gerund adalah bentuk verb ing dari kata kerja yang difungsikan
sebagai kata benda (noun) (membedakan kata kerja).
Gedung berbentuk sma dengan present participle, tetapi mempunyai
fungsi yang berbedaa dan juga buka berarti sedang.
A. Penggunaan Gerund
1. Sebagai subyek
Contoh:
1) Reading is my hobby
2) Crossing the desert is very tiresome
3) Smoking is bad for your health
4) Running is good for our health
2. Sebagai obyek
Contoh
1) He loves hunting
2) They finish speaking
3) I dont like smoking
3. Sebagai subjetice compelement (pelengkap pokok kalimat)
Contoh
1) Her chief delight is swimming in the river
2) My favorite past time is singing
3) One of his habits is telling lies
4) What she likes is watching the children play
4. Digunakan di belakang No... membentuk kalimat pendek yang
menyatakan larangan atau peringatan
Contoh
1) No parking!
2) No smoking!
3) No loitering!
4) No spitting!
5. Digunakan sebagai appostive (keterangan tambahan) dalam suatu
kalimat
Contoh:
1) His method, shooting and killing, eventually came to an end
2) She has a bad habit, gambling
3) Her favorite exercise, swimming in the pool makes her body strong
4) That difficult work, wasing hard woo, makes him exhauested
6. Digunakan dibelajang possesive adjective atau possisive noun
Contoh
1) I dont midn your living here
2) Do you mind my making suggestion?
3) I am annoyed about Johns forgetting to pay
4) You can understand his feeling angry
5) The idea of Hasans getting job as a salesman doesnt appeal to his
wife
7. Digunakan setelah kelompok kata (phrase) tertentu seperti
Its no use...
It is no good
Would you mind.... (-/ ?)
Its worth
 Subject + cant help
Cant stand..
Contoh
1) I think it is no use trying again
2) I cant feeling angry about it
3) Would you mind waiting a moment?
4) Its no good hoping for their help
5) This book is worth reading
8. Digunakan setelah kata depan (preposisi)
Without, after, before, instead of, about, by
Contoh:
1) Before leaving the house, i locked the door
2) After washing the rice, Mary cooked it
3) Instead of working, they are talking
4) He goes out without saying anything
5) Before answering your question, I will ask you one
9. Digunakan Setelah Verb + Prepositiong berikut
Accused of Depend on Insist on Secceed in
Approve of Confress to Keep on Think of
Be better of Give up Put off Dream about
Count on Go on Rely on Worry about

Contoh
1) Umar gave up smokng because of his doctor advice
2) Ali confessed to stealing the folds
3) Henry is thinking of going to London
4) You would be better of leaving now
5) She insisted on paying the entire bill for dinner
10. Digunakan untuk setelah adjective + preposition, berikut:
Accustomed to Capable of Sucdesfll in
Afraid of Intent in Sorry for
Fond of Interested in Tired of
Contoh
1) I am tired doing the work again
2) Mary is fond of dancing
3) We are interested in reading this book
4) Ali is intent on finishing school next year
5) I am sorry for waking you up
11. Digunakan untuk setelah Noun + Preposition, berikut
Coice of Intention of Rason for
Excuse of Possibility of Honour of
Method of Art of Oppurtunity of
Habit of Idea of Importance of
Right of Chance of etc
Contoh
1) Theres a reason for leaving so early
2) There is a possibility of acquiring this property at a good price
3) John has no excuse for dropping out of shcool
4) I dont like the idea spending so much money
5) She is glad to have this oppurunity of coming to visit your country
12. Digunakan setelah kata kerja (verbs) tertentu, berikut ini
Admit Delay Cant help Quint Resist
Advise Deny Keep Recall Risk
 Anticipate Discuss Mention Recollect Stop
Apprecelate Dislike Mind Recommend Suggest
Advoid Enjoy Miss Regret Tolearte
Complete Finish Postpone Remember Understand
Consider Forget Practice Resent Etc

Contoh
1) They enjoy playing football
2) The wind stops blowing
3) Let us stop laughing
4) I dont anticipate meeting any position
5) He postponed making a decision
6) She suggested waiting till dawn
13. Digunakan untuk menyatakan ungkapan tertentu (idiomatic
expressions) yang menunjukkan kegiatan rekreasi dengan pola: Go +
Gerund
Go birdwatching Go hiking Go sighseeing
Go boating Go hunting Go skating
Go bowling Go jogging Go skiing
Go camping Go mountain climbing Go sleeding
Go canoeing Go running Go swimming
Go dancing Go sailing Go tobogganing
Go fishing Go shopping Go window shopping
Contoh:
1) Do you go shopping on Sunday?
2) We went fishing yesterday
3) Did you sailing last week?
4) She will go camping next week
Catatan:
Beberapa kata kerja (verb) tertentu dapat diikuti oleh gerund atau
infinitive, kadang-kadang tanpa ada perbedaan arti, seperti dalam
Group A di bawah, dan kadang-kadang dengan ada perbedaan arti,
seperti dalam Group B di bawah ini
GROUP A; VERB+ INFINITIVE OR GERUND (WITH NO DIFFERENCE IN
MEANING)
Begin Like Hate The verb is Group A may be followed
Start Love Cant by either an infinitive of a gerund
Continu Prefer stand with little or no difference in
e Cant bear meaning

(a) It began to rain. It began raining In (a); there is no difference between

(b)I started to work/ I started working
began to rain and began raining.
(c) It was beginning to rain
It the main verb is progressive, an
infinitive (not a gerund) is usually
used.
 GROUP B: VERB+ INFINITIVE OR GERUND (WITH A DIFFERENCE IN
MEANING)
Remembe Regret The verbs in Group B may be followed by
r Try either an infinitive or a gerund, but the
Forget meaning is different

(d)Judy always remember to lock the Remember+ infinitive- remember to

door
(e) Sam often forgets to lock the door
(f) I remember seeing the Alps for
the first time. The sight was
impressive
(g)Ill never forget seeing the Alps for
the first time
(h)I refret to ell you that you failed
the test
(i) I regret lending him some money
he never paid me back
(j) Im trying to learn English
(k) The room was hot, I tired opening
the window, but that didnt help.
So I tried turning on the fan, but I
was still hot. Finally, I turned on
the air conditioner
perform responsibility, duty, or taks,
as in (d)
Forget+ infinitive- forget to perform a
responsibility, duty, or task, as in (e)
Remember + gerund- remember
(recall) something that happened in
the past, as in (f)
Forget + gerund- forget something
that happened in the past, as in (g)
Regret + infinitive- regret to say, to
tell someone, to inform someone of
some bad news, as in (h)
Regret+ gerund- regret something
that happened in the past, as in (i)
Try+ infinitive- make an effort, as in
(j)
Try + gerund= experiment with a
new or different approach to see if it
works, as in (k)

* Notice the patterns with prefer

Prefer+ gerund: I prefer staying home to going to the concert
Prefer+ infinitive: I prefer to stay home than (to) go to the
concert
** forget followed y a gerund usually occurs in a negative sentence or
a question:
e.g. Ill never forget, I cant forget. Have you ever forgotten, and can
you ever forget can be followed by a gerund phrase.
B. The Perfect Gerund (Gerund Berbentuk Perfect Tense)
 Gerund mempunyai dua bentuk:
1. Present tense, misalnya
Learning
Walking
Reading
driving
2. Perfect tense, misalnya
Having learned
Having read
Having walked
Having written
Bentuk perfect gerund biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
peristiwa yang terjadi lebih dulu daripada peristiwa lain yang
mengikutinya.
Contoh:
1. I regret not having taken her advice
(saya menyesal tidak menuruti nasihatnya- tidak menuruti nasihatnya
terjadi lebih dulu daripada menyesal)
2. He doesnt remember having ever promised you that
(Dia tidak ingat bahwa dia pernah menjanjikan hal ini kepadamu.
Tindakan promise terjadi lebih dulu daripada dont remember)
3. She denied having been asking by the police
(Dia menyangkal bahwa dia telah ditanyai oleh polisi)
4. After having finished her homework, she went on to read another book
C. The Passive Gerund (Gerund yang berbentuk passive)
Passive gerund mempunyai dua bentuk:
1. Present : being written
Being asked
2. Perfect : having been written
Having been asked
Contoh
1. I remember being taken to London as a small child
(saya ingat bahwa saya pernah dibawah ke London ketika saya masih
kecil)
2. Most children enjoy being taken to the zoo
(Kebanyakan anak-anak suka dibawah ke kebun binatang)
3. The watch was still going in spite of having dropped on a stone floor
(Arloji itu masih jalan meskipun telah dijatuhkan di atas lantai batu)
4. He denied having been interveiwed by the police
(Dia menolak bahwa dia telah diwawancarai oleh polisi)
Bentuk passive gerund biasanya digunakan dibelakang kata-kata seperti:
Want need deserve require
Contoh
1. This car wants repairing (mobil ini perlu diperbaiki)
2. You method needs improving (metodemu perlu diperbaiki)
3. She deserves praising (Ia pantas dipuji)
4. Ths problem requres studying with great cara. (masalah ini perlu
dipelajari dengan sungguh-sungguh)
D. Perbandingan Gerund dengan Verbal Noun
Verbal Noun adalah gerund yang dikata bendakan
Persamaan antara verbal noun dengan gerund
Verbal noun sama dengan gerund dalam bentuknya, yakni: vern + ing
Perbedaan antara Verbal Noun dengan Gerund
Gerund mempunyai sifat kata kerja, misalnya mempunyai object
sendiri, mempunyai perubahan tense, dan mempunyai bentuk passive
dan sebagainya
Gerund tidak mempunyai bentuk plural (jamak), dan di depan gerund
tidak diberi article (kata sandang)
Verbal noun mempunyai bentuk plural (jamak) dan bisa diberi article
(kata sandang) atau adjective di depannya
Verbal noun tidak mempunyai sifat-sifat kata kerja
Contoh
She likes reading (gerund)
(Ia suka membaca)
The reading of this novel took her about four days (VN)
(Pembacaan novel ini menghabiskan waktu sekitar empat hari)
 DAFTAR ISI

- HORTATORY EXPOSITION
- REVIEW
- GERUND
- LIKE AND DISLIKE
 DAFTAR ISI

- HORTATORY EXPOSITION
- ANALITICAL EXPOSITION
- LIKE AND DISLIKE
 D
I
S
U
S
U
N
OLEH:

SILVINA HERMAN
KELAS: XII. IPS 3

SMA NEGERI 4 PAGARALAM

TAHUN AJARAN 2012/ 2013