Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
1. Introduction
2. Vernier bevel protector(universal bevel protector)
3. Optical bevel protector
4. Sine bar
Principle of sine bar
Accuracy of sine bar
Use of sine bar
Limitation of sine bar
5. Sources of errors in sine bars
6. Sine center
7. Angle gauges
8. Numerical problems on building of angles.
9. Clinometers.
Introduction:
Angle is defined as the opening between the two lines meet at a point.
If one line moved around a point in an arc, a complete circle can be formed.
The basic unit of angular measurement is the right angle, which is defined as the angle between two
lines which intersect so as to make the adjacent angle equal.
If a angle is divided into 360 parts, each part is called as degree (0)
Each degree is divided into 60 parts and each that part is called minute ().
Each second have 60 parts and each that part is called second ().
An alternate method for defining the angle is based on the relationship between the radius and arc of
a circle.
The unit is called radian, and is defined as the angle subtended by an arc of a circle of length equal to
the radius as shown in figure.
When the radius OA = arc AB
The angle = 1 radian
In mathematical conversion, 2 = 360
1 radian = 360/(2) = 57.29580
The Vernier scale has 12 divisions on either side of the center zero line. They are marked o-60
minutes of arc. So that each division is 1/12 th of 60 minutes = 5 minutes of arc.
These 12 divisions occupy 27 degrees of space on main scale. Each division Vernier is equal to
1/12 of 230 or 1 (11/12)0
The sine bar is placed on the surface plate with the slip gauges of the required length (H) under one
roller and opposite to the angle as shown in figure,
When components are heavy and cannot be mounted on the sine bar, the sine bar is mounted on the
component as shown in figure.
The height over the rollers can be measured by a Vernier height gauge using a dial gauge mounted
on the anvil of it.
Figure shows the use of height gauge for obtaining two readings over the two rollers of the sine bar.
The difference in the two readings of height gauge divided by the centre distance of sine bar gives
the sine angle of the component to be measured.
= =
Angle gauges;
These are developed by Dr. Tomlinson in 1939.
They are hardened steel blocks of approximately 75mm long and 16 mm wide which has two lapped
working faces lying at very precise angle to each other as shown in figure.
The engraved symbol < indicates the direction of included angle.
They are supplied in 13 pieces set and can be wrung together to build the desired angles.
The set of angle gauges are given below.
These gauges together with a square block enable any angle between 00 and 3600 to be constructed.
Each angle is a wedge, thus two gauges with their narrow ends together provide an angle which is
the sum of the angles of the individual gauges.
The engraved< in addition are all in the same direction as shown in figure.
Subtraction of angles are obtained when the narrow ends are opposed as shown in the figure, amd
engraved mark in opposite direction.