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M lnternutksnat
English Todoy
12. Lower inlermediole level book four
O 2010 E-ducotion.ii S.p.A., Florenfo, llolio
All rights reserved
Director editoriol: Cinzio Coiozzo
Redoctor-;ef: Meri Borlolocci, Filippo Melli
ENGLIS*d,a)
Redociori: Frqncesco Bionchi, Borboro Boddi, Giulio Ricci

Aceostd edifie 2010 peniru Ediluro Litero

opore sub licenfo E-ducotion.it S.p.A., Florenfo, llolio
LOWER I NTERM EDIATE Level
Toote drepturile rezeryole COU RSEBOOK FOU R
Edifie originold
@ 2006 English Todoy
Nivel INTERMEDIAR 1
www.e-ducqlion.it VOLUMUL 1 2
info@e-ducoiion.it

1f,.^aL
flt@
il;:i,",.'
O. P.53; C.P.212, sector4, Bucuregti, Romdnio
iel.: 031 425 16'19; e-moil: comenzi@liiero.ro
Ne putefi vizito pe
Troducere: Morino Loghin

Editor: Vidrogcu qi fiii

Coordonqre proiecl: llieg Cdmpeonu
Copertd: Vlodimir Zmeev, Vlod Ponfilov
Tehnoredcctore 9i prepress: Anco Suciu

Descriereo CIP o Bibliotecii Nofionole o Romdnici

English Todoy / irod.: Morino Loghin - Bucurcpti:
Lilero lniernofionql, 20,l 0.
22 vol.
t*
tsBN 978-973-675-9 44-4
Vol. l2 . - ISBN 978-606-600-010-9
l. Loghin, Morino (trod.)
Sll.lll
rsBN 978-606-600-0 r 0-9
Tipdrit lo G.Conole, Bucuregli
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Cuprins J
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Lecfio 9 Television Progrompes u
:
Thot's life! Are you reolly sisters? Let's tolk
e.
u
F

7 Sceno l: Two sislers meons twice the work! 63 The City of London =
d
9 Sd infelegem 66 Sd infelegem
u
l0 Focus
57 Focus
=
o
J
Recopiluloreo com porolivului
City of London: ou gi melropolele o inim6
20 Exercifii
71 Exercilii
22 Scenq 2: You two ore completely different!
24 Sd infelegem
25 Focus
Let's tolk
Recopituloreo superlotivului 75 Migrotion
3l Exercifii 78 Sd infelegem
33 Vocqbulqr 79 Focus
Volizo in mdnd... se pleoc6!
Lecfio l0 83 Exercifii
Thot's life! One of those doys
35- Sceno l: You've been in there for over on hour! 87 Solufiile exerci;iilor
37 Sd infelegem
38 Focus
,,Presenl Perfecft
47 Exercifii
49 Sceno 2: Who knows whol hqs chonged since then?
5l Sd infelegem
52 Focus
Folosireo,,Presenl Per{ecl"
58 Exercifii
50 Vocobulor
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Lecfio 9 J
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Thot's life!
J
u
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Io
Are you reolly sisters? u
:
d
u
F

Anne primegle o telegrom6: soro ei Kimberly sosegte in orog. =

e,
Tofi se inlreobd docd surorile sunl lo fel gi... cu oceleogi U
)o
monii. J

in porteo de gromoticd focem recopituloreo comporotivului

gi o superlotivului.

Two sislers meons twice lhe work!

SCENA I
Alice (vorbepfe dinfr-o oltd comerd): Good morning. Oh,
thonk you! (lntrd in bucdtdrie, unde se ofld Anne core igi io
micul deiun ) Anne, ihere's o telegrom for you!
Anne: Oh, for me? I wonder who il's from... (ludnd
felegromo) Oh, it's from ltoly...

Alice: Come on, Anne, tell me who il is from... You know

l'm dying of curiosity!
Anne (citind): lt's from my sister Kimberly... She soys she's
coming to visit me. She's orriving on Thursdoy.

Alice: Todoy is Thursdoy!

Anne: Oh, my God. lt is!Whot... Oh... Whot, now 1... I hove
to tidy up ond do the shopping (uitdndu-se in iur) ond... The
house needs o good cleoning os well!
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u
So who is older, you or your sisler?
o Anne: lom.
(Solufii lo pog. 87) )
U

o u
F
F
I Verificd docd oi infeles diologul onterior, rdspunzdnd lo Io
2 Alice: And ore you similor or different? U
intrebdrile core urmeozd. Docd oi dificultdli, pofi revedeo :
zU Anne: Well... We're quite different... She's shorter thon d,
episodul video pe DVD sou pofi consuho vocobulorul de U
I om ond she's gol blue eyes. F
lo sfdrgitul lecfiei.
=
&
u
(Sosegte Jock.)
ll When is Kimberly orriving? o
=
J

Jock: Hey, whot ore you tolking obout? tr o) This ofternoon

Alice: About Anne's sister, Kimbedy... She's orriving this tr b)Tomorrow morning
ofternoon. tr c) The doy ofter tomorrow

Jock: Greot! I con'l woit to meel her. ls she qs cute os you, H Anne is younger ihon her sister.
Anne? E True
Anne: Slop being silly, Jock! You're the biggest ioker tr Folse
I know... I hove to get going now... Remember, don'i leove
ihe house in o mess! (lese.) E Whot is Kimberly like?
tr o) Toller thon Anne
Alice: ls ihot oll she thinks oboui when someone is coming?
tr b) Prettier lhon Anne
Cleoning, vocuuming, ridying up ond dusting? Do you think tr c) Shorter lhqn Anne
Kihrberly is worse thon Anne? lf so, we're going to hove
q lot of work to do!
Jock: Thot's right! Two sislers meons twice the work!
h Whot does Anne osk Jock qnd Aiice before she goes
oul?
tr o) To cleon the house
D b) To ridy lhe house
tr c) Not to leove the house in o mess
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J Focus fine minte urmdioorele voriofii orlogrofice: J
U
u
o . odiectivele core se lermind in o-y" precedol de consoond
J
u
o
F
I
Recopitulqreq comporqtivului formeozd comporotivul oddugdnd sufixul ,,-ier" (gi nu ,,-er"): F
1
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zU Folosim formo de comporotiv pentru o foce o comporofie inlre pretty (drdgul/61 -y * -ier ) pretlier (moi drdguf/d) :
e.
u
doud (grupuri de) lucruri, persoone sou ocfiuni. Comporofio F

privegle odiective sou odverbe, dor gi subslonlive gi verbe. With thor skirt on Egti moi drdguld =
e
u
Formele de comporoliv pentru odiective 9i odverbe sunt trei: you look prettier cu fuslo oio
de superioritole, de egolitote 9i de inferioritote. 56 revedem o
=
J

repede loote cele irei forme.

. odiectivele monosilobice core se termind in ,,vocold
COMPARATIVUL DE SUPERIORITATE + consoond" formeozd comporolivul dubl6nd ultimo
consoond gi oddugdnd sufixul ,,-er":
Pentru o formo comporolivul de superioritote ol odiectivelor
gi ol odverbelor se odougd ori sufixul ,,-er" ori odverbul thin (slobld) + -n + -er ) thinner (moi slab/d)
,,more". Cel de ql doileo termen ol comporofiei se introduce
prin odverbul ,,ihon".
in cozul odiectivelor sou ol odverbelor monosilobice gi ol She's thinner lhon Eo esfe moi slobd decdt or
she should be lrebui
odieciivelor gi ol odverbelor bisilobice core se termind in ,-y",
,-owt' , ,,-e" , ,,-er" , rr-|e", comporotivul se formgozd oddugdnd
sufixul ,,-er":
. odiectivele monosilobice core se termind cu un ,,-e" mul
formeozd comporotivul oddugdnd numqi ,,-r" (fi nu ,,-er"):
fost (rapid/d) + -er ) foster (moi ropid/d)
lucky (norocos/ + -er ) luckier (moi norocos/ lote (tdrziu) +r)loter (moi tdrziu\
oosd) oosd)
slow (lent/d) + -er ) slower (moi lenf/dl See you loter Ne vedem moi lirziu

My cor is foster Mogino meo este moi ropidd Fii otent:

lhon yours decdt o tq - odiectivele bisilobice core se termind in ,-e", ,,-er" gi ,,-ow",
precum gi unele odiective - dintre core /,common" (comun),
Shoron is luckier Shoron este rnoi norocoosd
lhon Anne decdt Anne ,pn)el" (crud),,,pleosont" (pldcut) gi ,,quiet" (linrgtrt) - pol formo
comporolivul de superioritote otdt cu sufixul ,,-e/', cdt gi cu
Your computer is slower Colculolorul tdu este moi lenf odverbul ,,more" (exemplu: Jock is more clever/cleverer thon
thon mine decdt ol meu his brolher ) Jock e moi inleligenl decdt frolele lui);
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u - in cozul comporotivelor unor odiective de origine lolind, in cozul verbelor, comporotivul se formeozd cv expresio J
U
J
cum sunt,,superior" sou ,rinferior", lermenul de comporofie ,,more thon" (moi mull decdt) pusd chior imediot dupd verb. U
J
o e introdus de ,,1o" in loc de ,,lhon" (exemplu: This poper is Cdnd ocfiuneo despre core se vorbegte este identicd cu U
o F
F inferior to thot one ) Aceostd hlrfie e de colitofe inferioord o celui de ol doileo lermen ol comporofiei, deci cdnd este Io
I
2 fold de oceeo). vorbo s6 foci o comporofie intre dou6 modolitali de c u
o execulo oceeogi ocfiune, verbul celui de ol doileo termen ol d
:
zU u
comporofiei se inlocuiegte cu ouxiliorul corespondent, o9o F
z
Celelolte odiective piodverbe bisilobice (dintre core incdt sd se eviie repetifiile, cu un nume propriu de persoond d,
U
odverbele core se lermind in ,-y"l gitoote celelolte odiective sou cu un pronume complement obieci:
formeozd comporotivul de superioriiote pundnd inoinleo )
o
=

odjectivului sou o odverbului in chesliune, core rdmdne You eol more lhon Mdndnci moi mult decdt
neschimbot, odverbul,,more" (rnoi): you should or lrebui

useful (util/6) ) more useful (moi util/dl

COMPARATIVE NEREGUTATE
corefully (orefi/6) ) more corefully (moi ofent/d)
difficult (greu) ) more difficult (moi greu) Urmdloorele odiective gi odverbe formeozd
in mod neregulol:

Words ore more useful
lhon weopons
'People
should lislen more
corefully lo eoch oiher
h's more difficult thon
it seems
Cuvinfele sunt moi ulile decdt
ormele
Oomenii or frebui sd se
oscuhe moi olenl unii pe ollii
Esfe moi greu decdl se pore
sood (bun/d) well (bine)
bod (rdu/reo) bodly (rdu)
little (micld, pufin)
much (multld), mony (mulli/mullel
fun (dislrocfiv/d)
for (deporfe)
better (mqi bun/6, bine)
worse (moi rdu/reo)
less (moi mic/d, putinl
more (moi mult/mulli)
more fun (moi distrqcliv/d)
furnher/forther (rnoi
deporle; ulterior)

Co 9i in cozul odiectivelor gi ol odverbelor, substonlivele, older/elder (mai bdtrdn/d,

old (bilrAn/d)
otdi lo singulor cdt gi lo plurol, formeoz6 comporoiivul moi mqre co vdrsfd)
pundnd inoinie odverbul ,,more".
Todoy my heodoche is Azi md doore copul mai
Citesc moi multe cdrli worse thon yeslerdoy rdu decdl ieri
I reod more books
thon you decdl tine Don't wolk further thon Nu fe duce mc,i departe
lhe crossroods de intersecfie
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u Jine minte diferenfo dinire,,furlher" 9i ,,forther": omdndoud PARTTCUTARTTATT iN FOtOSIREA o
J
u
J
inseomnd ,,moi deporle", insd door,,furlher" poole fi folosit COMPARATIVUTUI
u
J
o gi cu semnificofio ,,ulterior". U
o inointeo formelor de comporotiv se poi pune ,,ony" gi ,,no". F
F
,,Older" gi ,,elder" inseomnd ,,moi bdlrdn". insd ,,elder"
Observd exemplele:
Io
= pooie fi folosit doqr cu substqnlive core exprimd grode de
= rudenie. :Uu
z u
Iwill woit for you no longer Nu le voi ogfepfo moi mult de F

Coll me if you need further Sund-md docd oi nevoie de thon 1 5 minuies 15 minule =
e
u
informolion informolii ullerioore Yeslerdoy Ben hod o fever. Ieri, Ben o ovul febrd. Se
=
U
My elder brolher is Frolele meu moi more esfe Does he feel ony better simte cevo moi bine ostdzi? J

older thon you moi more (mai in vdrstd) todoy?

decdt tine
Se poole dublo comporolivul pentru o ordto cd o colilote se
irurAnr REA coMPARATtvELoR gchimbd continuu. Acest uz corespunde expresiilor,,din ce
in ce moi mult/pulin".
Comporotivul odiectivelor, ol odverbelor, ol verbelor gi ol
subslontivelor lo singulor poote fi precedot de formele de She's becoming more ond Eo devine din ce in ce moi
intdrire,,much" (mult), ,,lor" (mult), ,,olol" (mulf, foarle mulf, more onxious temdloare
o grdmodd), ,,o bit" (un pic/pufin), ,a little" (un pic/pufinl Your English is getting Englezo lo se imbundfdfegte
gi ,,slightly" (ugor).
brlter qnd better din ce in ce moi mult/
continuu
ln ltoly wine is for/much/ in ltolio, vinul esfe mult moi
o lot cheoper thon ieftin decdt in Anglio Putem pune in corelofie doud comporolive pentru o indico
in Englond foptul cd un eveniment depinde de oltul (comporofie de
l'd like lo be on holidoy Mi-or pldceo sd fiu in voconli mdsu16 progresivd). [n oceosld siluofie, comporolivele
o bit/o little more often pufin moi des lrebuie precedote ?nlotdeouno de orticolul hoidrdt ,,lhe"i
Thol troin is slightly Trenulocelo e pulin moi ropid
fosler thqn this one decdl oceslo The more you study, Cu cdf invefi moi mult,
lhe cleverer you gel cu atdl devii moi inleligent
Substontivele lo plurol, in schimb, sunt precedole de formo The fosler you run, Cu cll alergi moi repede,
de ?nt6rire ,,mony" qi ,,for" , cu sensul de ,,mult": lhe sooner you'll orrive cu otdl oiungi moi curdnd
The less you sleep, Cu cdt dormi moi pufin,
Heleno hos mony/for more Heleno ore mult moi mul1i
lhe weoker you feel cu atdt fe simli moi sldbif
friends thon Andrew prieteni decdl Andrew
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u Un coz speciol il reprezinid folosireo corelotivului cu ,,beller" , Penlru subslontive, comporolivul de egolilole se formeozd J
q
J
core corespunde cu ,re moi bine". ostfel: U
J
o u
o
Ac much t substontiv non-numdrqbil + F
F
The sooner you leove Cu cdf pleci moi devreme,
os Io
= As mony + substontiv plurol + ns
= the better cu ol6t (e) mai bine :ue
z u
F
You buy os mqny CDs os Cumperi lot oldteo CD'uri
COMPARATIVUT DE EGALITATE I do/me cdfe curnpdr eu =
d,
q

Folosim comporotivul de egolitole pentru o indico egolitoteo

She drinks os much wqler Eo beo lol ol6to opd cdl el =
o
J

dintre doud (grupuri de) lucruri sou persoone. Pentru

or he does
odiective gi penlru odverbe se folosegte urmdlooreo form6:

As + odiecliv/odverb + ss $i in cozul ocesto formo negolivd poole inlocui sdeseo

perfecl comporoiivul de superioriiole sou de inferioritote.

She's os clever os he is /him Eo este c6f el de inteligenfd Not os/nol so much t subslontiv non-numdrqbil + os
Anne is qs cute qs her sister Anne e tot atdt de drdguld Nol oslnol so mony + substontiv plurol + cs
co gi soro ei
I don'l hove os pony doys Nu orn ollfeo zile libere cdle
off os I would like of vreo
Loformo negotivd, comporotivul de egolitote poole inlocui = I hove less doys off ihon : Am moi puline zile libere
odeseo perfect comporolivul de superioritole sou de l'd like decdl og vreo
inferioritote:

Not oslnot so + odiectiv/qdverb + os

in sfdrgit, pentru verbe, comporolivul de egolitote se
Henry is not so hoppy Henry nu esfe. tot ol6t de formeozd osffel:
os Louro (is) fericil cdt Louro
: Louro is hoppier : Loure este moi fericitd Vcrb + qs much os
thon Henry decdt Henry
He works os much os I do El muncegfe cdl/tot otdl cdl
(-") mine
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6

a in propozifiile negotive, comporolivul de egolitote se COMPARATIVUI DE INFERIORITATE J

U
u
construiegte pundnd verbul lo formo negoliv6 urmot de,,os U
in englezd, comporotivul de inferiorilote este pufin folosit, J

o much os"; chior giin cozul ocesto, comporotivul de egolitote u

ior Tn locul lui se preferd formo negotivd o comporotivului F
Io
F esie un inlocuitor perfect ol comporotivului de superioritote
I de egolitote (,,nol os/so os"). u
sou de inferioritoie.
=
o in cozul odiectivelor, ol odverbelor gi ol substontivelor lo =
d
u
zU singulor, comporotivul de inferioritole se forrneozd pundnd F
Formd negolivd s verbului * os much ss z
inointe ,,less" (moi pufinl. Cel de ol doileq lermen ol
e,
q
comporofiei este inlrodus de odverbul ,,lhon" (decdf).
They didn't ptoy os much Ei/ele nu s-ou jucot ol6t cdt o
=
J

os they wonled qr fi vrul Lsss + odiectiv/odverb/substanliv non-numdrabil +

lhon

Fii otent: in fofo comporotivului de egoliiote se pot folosi I om less selfish lhqn him Eu sunf mai pulin egoisf
numerolele odverbiole de contitoie ,,twice" (de doud ori), . decdt el
,,three limes" (de trei ori) etc. in cozul ocesto, se schimb6 She drinks less coffee thon Eo beo moi pulind cofeo
,ensul, devenind o formd de comporotiv de superioritote
(exemplu: This house is twice os big os thot one ) Coso
I dolme decdt mine

oceoslo este de doud ori moi more decdt oceeo)'

Cu substoniivele lq plurol, comporotivul de inferioriloie se
formeozd pundnd inoinle ,,fewer" (moi pufini/el:

Fewer + substonliv plurol * thun

I hove fewer clothes thon Am moi puline haine decdl

my sister soro rneo

Cu verbele, comporotivul de inferiorilote se formeozd

ostfel:

Verb+less*thEn
You speok less thqn I do Tu vorbeSli mot pufin decdl
(.") mine

l8
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ta EXERCaT,UL 2 J
u Exercifii q

u
(Solufii lo pos. 87) Completeozd propozifiile, troducdnd corect formo J
u
o
o comporotivului din romdnd, oflold intre poronleze. F
F s
I Acum inceqrcd sd exersezi din nou formele comporolivului o
2
o pe core locmoi le-oi recoPituloi. EAnne...... ... Kimberly. :u
e,
U
zU (nu e drdgufd co) F

=
u,
EXERCITIUL I U
EShe is............... Kimberly.
o
=
(pufin moi inoltd decdi) J
Completeozd propozifiile, introducdnd formq corecld de
comporoliv o odiectivelor dintre poronteze.
E Ann" is getting
(din ce in ce moi lemdloore)
8Romeis............... London'
(crowded)
E Kimberly is ..............
(mult moi reloxotd)
E But it is olso . London.
(beouriful)

H Probobly life in London is............ .. in Rome'

(lively)

E But, in generol, life in Rome is .............. in London'

(good)

20
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Jock: You're right! Well... I wos tolking obout British men,
You lwo ore comPletelY differenl!
J
u u
J of course, u
J

o SCENA 2 u
F
F
(Soresc Shoron 9i Pefer.) Io
I u
6
E seord. Jock gi Alice sunl in sufrogerie' Inlrd Anne 9i soro :
o ei, Kimberly.
Annr: Kimberly, this is Peter ond Shoron. They live in the d,
u
zU opodment nexl door. F
Klmbtrly: h's o pleosure to meet you!
Jock: Hi Anne. So you must be Kimberly..' h's o pleosure' =
e
u
l'm Jock! ;o
Shqron: So, Kimberly, Anne told us thot you're ottending
Kimberly: Hello, Jock, Anne hos told me so much oboul J

you!
Arl School in Rome... You know, I wonled to study ort
when I wos o little girl... But in the end, I decided to study
orchoeology, insteod.
Alice: Hi, l'm Alice. You live in Rome, don't you? So, how
Klmbrrly: Thol's interesting! And Peter, whot do you do?
is life in ,,bello" ltoly?
Kimberly: Wonderful! My fother roised me in Americo,
ihough, but ltoly is the mosl foscinoting country in lhe world, os
Prlrr: l'm on octor... And I do o little singing... l'm ociing
in o musicol ot the moment.
for. o's llm concerned! lts history, the ort'.' And, of course, lhe
Klmberly: Whot o greol coreerl
best food in the world! Whot else con onyone osk for? And, of
course, the ltoliqns ore lhe most likeoble people in the world!
Anne: Yes, but il's certoinly less stressful thon Jock's line of
,l00% work... He works o lot horder thon Peter... Acluolly, he's lhe
Jqck: You ore right! Just look ot me"' l'm originolly
hordest working person in the house!
from Bologno, which is one of the best cities in the world
Alice: And l'm the person lhot hos ihe most fun!
when it comes to eoting well!
Kimberly: I know Bololno well. ll's o beoutiful city, even if
Klmberly: Speoking of fun, whot sholl we do this evening?
I do prefer Rome. Rome is much bigger ond more exciting'
I would love lo go outl h's been so long since I losl come
So, how does London comPore?
lo London!
Anne: Well, why don'l we go io the cinemo?
Alice: London isn't ihot bod... Aporl from lhe weother"'
It certoinly is much colder thon in ltoly!
Kimberly: Come on, Anne, lhol's so boring! Why don'l we
Jock: And the British ore... Well... How should I soy this?
do something more exciting? I don't know... We could go
They're... Less clever ihon the ltoliqns!
to lhe pub ond get something to eol... And, ond ofter thot,
why don't we go lo o disco?
Kimberly: Woich yourseff, Jock! Woich whot you're Alice: Wow, whot o surprisel You two ore completely
soying...
differentl
Anne-: Yes! You know Kimberly ond I ore both Britishl Well,
22 l'm more British thon she is'..
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o
u
J 5d Tnfelegem Focus J
u
U
(Solufii lo pos.88) J
o u
o
F
I Verific6 doc6 oi infeles sceno, r6spunzdnd lo urmdtoorele
Recopitu lqreo su perlqtivu I ui F
s
o
= Tntrebdri:
3e folosegle superlotivul penlru o confrunto un singur obiect
:u
d,
zU u
tou o singurd persoond cu un grup inireg sou pentru o F

E Where did Kimberly grow up? axprimo o colilote ori o corocleristicd dusd lo grodul moxim =
e
U
tr o) ln lloly lou lo grodul minim. Se foce dislincfie inlre superlotivul
tr b) ln Americo rololiv gi superlotivul obsolul. Primul exprimd grodul moxim o
=
J

tr c) ln Englond (ruperlotiv relotiv de superioritote) sou minim (superlotiv

relotiv de inferioritote) ol unei colitAli fofd de un lermen de
H Kimberly likes Rome becouse: comporofie. Se vorbegle, in schimb, de superlotiv qbsolut
E o) lt's big but quiet c0nd grodul moxim ol unei onumite colitAli este exprimot
tr b) You eol well there fird nici un fel de comporofie. Sd revedem cele trei forme
tr c) lt's big ond there's lots to do olc superloiivului:

E Anne thinks thot Peler's work is os stressfull os Jock's one'

SUPERIATIVUt RETATIV DE SUPERIORITATE
E True
tr Folse
Superlotivul reloliv de superiorilole se formeozd qstfel:

E Kimberly wonts to go: . in cozul odieciivelor gi ol odverbelor monosilobice gi ol

tr o) To lhe cinemo ond lhen to the Pub odieclivelor bisilobice core se lermin6 in u-y", ,,-ow", ,,-e",
tr b) To the pub, lhen o disco ,,-et" , ,r-le" se odougd sufixul ,r-est". Superlotivul reloiiv
tr c) Somewhere quiet c precedotinlotdequno de orticolul hotdndl ,,lhe":

young (tdndr/d) + -est ) youngesl (cel mai ldndr)

lucky (norocos/oosd) + -esl ) luckiest (celmoi norocos)
slow (tenl/d) + -esl ) slowest (cel moi lent)

Louis is lhe youngest of Louis esle cel moi tdndr

my flotmotes dintre colegii mei de
oportomenl
t,
d
u f
& o
E
2 Y
z o
0 o
o
Chontol este ceo moi r tn cozul celorlqlte odiective gi odverbe bisilobice 9i ol J
Chontol is the luckiesl U
J
norocoosd persoond Pe core luluror odiectivelor 9i ol odverbelor de lrei sou de moi multe u
person I know
rllobe, se pune Tnoinleo odiectivului squ q qdverbului in
J
o o cunosc u
F
F chcrtiune,,lhe most"(cel /ceo moil: 5
I
The seo horse is Cdlulut de more este cel rnoi o
u
=
o the slowest fish in lhe seo lent pegfe de more
) lhe most :
zu enlertoin ing (di stroctiv/ d) (cel moi 0/,
U
F
enlertoining distroctiv)
=
e
. in cozul odiectivelor gi ol odverbelor monosilobice core , rpcciol (speciol/6) ) the mosl (cel moi u
>
se termind in u'y" precedot de consoond, se elimind u'Y" speciol speciol) o
J

gi se odougd sufixul ,,-iesi":

Tctris is still one of the Tetrisul?ncd esle utnul dinlre
hoppy (fericit/d\' y + -iesl ) the hoppiest (cel moi fericil) motl entertoining cele moi disfroctive iocuri din
gomes in the world lume
They ore lhe hoppiest Sunt ceo moi fericitd pereche
couple I know Pe core o cunosc
Lo ruperlotivul relotiv, cel de ol doileo lermen ol comporofiei
!c inlroduce cu uno dinlre urmdtoorele prepozifii:
. in cozul odiectivelor gi ol odverbelor.monosilobice core
se iermind Tn ,vocold * consoond", se dubleozd
consoono ln (tn, de lo): docd ql doileo lermen ol comporofiei se referd
finold inointe de o od6ugo sufixul ,,-esl": lo un grup sou lo un loc

of (dintre): docd se referd lo un onumil numdr de persoone

hot (cold/d) + -t + 'est t the hottesl (celmoi cold)
rou de lucruri, ori lq o perioodd de tirhp
Augusl is the holtesl month August esfe. luno ceo
mo,
Omong (dintre): docd se referd lo un onumit numdr de
of the yeor coldd o onului
pgrsoone sou de lucruri

. in cozul odiectivelor gi ol odverbelor monosilobice core se

lhot (core/pe core): inointeo unei propozifii relotive. Adeseo
olhol" esie omis.
iermind cu un ,,-e" mut, se odougd door consoonele "-st":

nice (drdguf/d\ + -st ) lhe nicest (celmoi drdguf)

Mory's the nicest girl Mary esle ceo moi drdguld

in my town fotd din oro9ul meu
t.
e
U f
z o
E
Y
o
o o
6
u SUPERLATIVE NEREGU IATE IUPERTATIVUT RETATIV DE INFERIORITATE 6
J
J
U
U
Urmdtoorele odiective gi odverbe ou lo superlotiv forme Supcrloiivul relotiv de inferiorilote se foloseqle pufin gi se J
o u
U preferd inlocuireo lui cu superlotivul relotiv de superiorilote F-
F
I
neregulote: Io
I ol odiectivului opus co sens. u
o the besl (cel moi bun, cel mqi ln cozul odiectivelor gi ol odverbelor, superlolivul reloliv de &
=
zU u
good (bunlo) well (bine) bine) lnferioritote se formeozd pundnd inoinieo lor,,lhe leost" (cel F
moi pulinl. Al doileo termen ol comporofiei este introdus 4
lhe worsl (cel moi rdu) u
bod (rdu) bodly (rdu) da uno dinlre prepozifiile ,,of", ,,in" gi ,,omong", cum se U

little (micld) lhe leqsl (cel moi mic, miniml lntdmpld lo superlolivul reloiiv de superiorilote. =
o
J

much (multld) mony (mul1i/ lhe mosl (cel moi mult, moximl
multe)
the furthest/forlhesf (cel mqi Jock is the leost polite Jock esfe cel moi pufin
for (deporte) depsrte, exfrem) of my friends politicos dintre prielenii mei
the oldesl/eldest (cel moi bdtrdn, Do you know lhe leost $t,i modolifoteo ceo moi
old (b'#rAnld) cel moi more, cel moi in etote) pufin costisitoore de o vorbi
llprnsive wcy to coll
lhe neqresl (cel moi oProoPe) lhe Spoin? cu Sponio?
neqr (l6ngd) next (succesiv)
the lqtest (cel moi recenl, ultiml lo plurol, superlotivul de inferioritole se
lote (tdrziu) the lost (ultimul)
eu substontivele
formcozd pundnd inoinleo qcestuio ,,ihe fewesl" (cei moi
pvlini /cele moi pulinel.
The Sun is lhe neoresl stor Soorele este sleouo ceo moi
to Eorth opropiotd de Pdmdnt
He mode the fewest El a fdcut cele moi puline
mirlokes of oll gregeli dinlre toli

Nu uito diferenfo dintre ,,furthest" 9i ,,fodhest": omdndoud

inseomn6 ,,cel moi deporle, indepdrtot", insd numoi
,,furthest" poote fi folosit 9i cu sensul de ,,extrem"'
',,Old.r'gi Tnsd numoi
,,elder" inseomnd ,,cel moi bdlr6n"'
',,.ti"r'" pootu fi folosit cu substqntive core exprim6 grode
de rudenie.
,,The lofest" inseomnd ,,cel moi recenl,
ceo moi recent6"'
odi.a ultl-ul Tn succesiune cronologicd. ultimul in funcfie
de o enumerore esle, in schimb, ,,lhe losl"'
28
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e
u t
z o
E
z Y
z o
o o
o
SUPERLATIVUL ABSOLUT Exercif ii J
)
ru U
u
($olulii lo pos. 88)
in unele limbi, formo de superlotiv obsolui se obline Tn mod
J
o q
o
sintetic, cu diverse sufixe gromqticole. in englezd, lo fel co
F
F
E momenlul sd exersdm pufin. Fd exercifii cu formele s
I
in romdnd, ocesl concept se poote exprimo onolitic, pundnd o
2
inoinleq odiectivelor gi o odverbelor ,,very" (foorte) sou olte
luparlolivului pe core iocmoi le-om recopiiulot. :u
d,
z U
odverbe, printr" core ,,reolly" (cu odevdral, inlr-odevdrl' F
z
,,quite" (mai curdnd\, ,,foirly" (destul). lxcRctTtur 3 e
u

o
=
Mery is very loll Mery este foarte?noltd ompleteozd propozifiile, olegdnd formq corectd o super- J

lstivului.
He is reolly clever El esfe foqrle inleligent/
cu odevdrol inteligent
tr Piro University is one of ... the world.
El o) older in
El b) the oldest in
in englezo britonicd, otunci cdnd ,,mosl" se pune Tnoinleo
El c) the eldest in
odieclfvelor poote oveo semnificofio de ,,very":

Copiii sunt foarte E th" Leoning Tower is ... monument in Piso.

Children ore mosl tr o) the mosl well-known
vulneroble vulnerobili
tr b) the well-knownest
El c) most well-known

i.rurAnl REA su PE RLATIvE LoR

I Piro is ... oll the towns in ihe Province.
superlotivul relotiv (de superioritole sou de inferioritote) tr o) the interestingest of
poote fi intdrit de expresio ,,by tor" (desigur, de deporte): tr b)the most interesling omong
E c) the most interesting in
You qre by for the Egride deporte ceq moi dulce
sweetest person I know persoond pe core o cunosc E Piso isn't ... lown in Tuscony.
E o) the most old
tr b) the eldest
tr c) the oldest
t
z
o
t!
J
EXERCITIUL 4 Vocobulor
o Arot6 docd propozifiile sunl corecte (right) sou gregile
tporl from oporte, door, originolly de origine,
U
F (wrong) gi rescrie-le corecl cdnd e necesor' eu excepfio lo origine
I
tporlmant oportoment quite moi curdnd, destul;
=
z RW Itthotology orheologie chior o9o; complet; exoct,
ll Peter is the oldest of tr tr lrhlrh britonic/6 precis
the friends. :olm down (to) o se colmo, roise (to) o cregte,
e ra linigti o indrumo

HAll.e is mosl inieresling trtr aonar corierd

of oll of them.
fl Shoton is the prettYest
of the girls.
E Jock is ihe mosl hord-
working in oll of them.
tboning cur6fenie
Rome Romo
school gcool6
llWlr inleligent/d; isief/ similqr qsemdndlo r / oore,
omolog/oogd; ocelogi,
trtr rel6, ingenios,/oosd
SOmPqro (to) o comporo, similor
confrunlo since din, de cdnd
Funlry ford, stol, nofiune; stressful stresqnl
trtr tol, mediu rurol study (to) o studio, o invdfo
Curlolity curiozilole telegrom telegrom6
lUli grofios f oos6, drdguf/6 lhough (odv.)totugi,.
dh (ro) o muri dordmite, oricum; cu toqte
durt (to) o gterge proful c6 (loc. coni.)
lnd sfdrgit Thursdoy ioi
loreinoting foscinoni/6, twice {e doud ori, dublu
mlnunot/d, incdnfdtor/oore visit (to) o vizito, o se duce
lolhrr toto in vizild, o frecvenlo
lood hrona, oliment;
mdncore
hlrtory islorie
lokrr coroghios/oosd,
comic/d
llkrqble simpotic/d,
pl6cul/d
llnc zond de octivilote,
gpclor de ofoceri, ocupofie

32
 e
f
o
E
v
o
o
Lrcfio l0 6
J
q

)
U

Thot's life! F
u
Io
One of those doys u
=
d
u
,
F
ln episodul din ,,Thol's life!", iinerii se pregdlesc sd se ducd 4
e
lE munc6. Jock este pufin nervos pentru cd e in ?ntdrziere, U

lgr boio e mereu ocupotd de Alice. ln porteo de gromoiicd o

=
J

lnvifdm un nou timp verbol: Present Perfect. Este un timp

moi curdnd complicot gi se folosegle pentru o exprimo
ocliuni din lrecut core qu incd efect in prezent.

You've been in there for over on hour!

lcrnl I
Jmk (bote lo ugo bdii): Hove you finished yet? Alice?!
lllcr(din spotele ugii): No, Jock, I hoven't finished my
lhowerl Could you osk Anne to come in here, pleose?
Jtok: She's iust left! Come on, I om pleoding wilh you,
Allcc, l'm lote!
Allcr (deschizdnd ugo): Okoy, okoy, l've finished. Colm
Ccwn, the bothroom's oll yours!

Jmk: Finolly! You've been in ihere for over on hour!

($und telefonul mobil ol lui Jock.\
Jotk: Yes... Yes, ihis is Jock. No, I hoven't seen John since
ycrlardoy, Why? Oh, ihe report... Uhh... Yes. No, I hoven't
flnhhed it yet. Yes, yes, I know it's importont. Anywoy, l've
elrcody storted writing it... Yes, yes, l'll send it to you os soon
ar il's finished. Excuse me? Listen, l'll coll you loler. Okoy.
z 4
s o
F
E
Y
o o
o
o
E
d (Jock, dupd ce lermind convorbireo, inceorcd sd deschidd 56 inlelegem J
U
ugo bdii, dor igi dd seomo cd esle din nou ocupof')
o l3elulll lo pos.8e) U
J
o
F q
I Jqck: Alice, if you don'i open this door, l'm going to knock lGUm lnccorcd sd vezi cdt oiinfeles din diolog, rdspunzdnd
F
Io
= il down! h lnlrebarile core urmeozd. Docd e difici[ te pofi q
o
zU Kimberly: Actuolly, it's Kimberly, l've iust come in"' ls
uito
.consulio :e
dfn nsu lo episodul video de pe DVD sou pofi u
everything okoy, Jock? F
Gsbulorul de lo sf6rqitul lecfiei.
=
d
Jock: Yes... No! l've been woiling to use the bothroom for', u
;
over on hour! I musl gel to the office! E Wnof does Jock soy on the telephone? o
J

Kimberly (deschizdnd ugo): Okoy Jock, il's oll yours! l'll use
the bothroom loier.
Jock: Thonks Kimberly, thot's very kind of you... Sorry! (Jock
inlrd in boie.l
(Pufin moi ldrziu, Alice se infdlnepte cu Jock pe cdnd el iese
din boie.)
El Cl Thot he hos begun ihe report
E b) Thot he hos finished the report
El cl Thot he hosn't yei storted the report
I JEct roys thot if Alice doesn'f open the bothroom door:
El ol Ho'll open it onywqy
El bl He'll knock it down
Elcl Hc'll leove the house

Alice: Hey Jock, hove you seen my wotch? l've probobly I Wtry doesn't Alice give Jock his mobile?
left it in there. Ei a) Bacouse he is too upsei
Jqck: Here you go! Hove you forgotten onything else? Ei b) Becorse she is going to sell it ot the fleo morket
El gl Bocouse he went out ond didn't hqor her
Alice: We're rolher neryous, todoy, oren't we?
Jock: Bye, I hove to get going. (Pleocd)
! Kmberty doesn't often go to the fleo mqrket.
El ?rue
Alice (observdnd cd Jock gi-o ldsot mobilulin boie): Hey,
your mobile! (odres6ndu-i-se lui Kimberlyl El Folrc
Jock, woit! Jock,
Oh... He's olreody gonel So, whol ore you doing todoy
Kimberly? Hove you ever been to Portobello morkel?
Kimberly: No, l've never been there!

Alice: Would you like to come olong ond browse qround

the stonds?
Kimberly: Oh, yes, il's been monlhs since I lost visited
36 o fleo morket!
 c
zl
t
u o
L
F
v
a o
o o
.n 6
sJ Hgh| donr his homework El si-o fdcut lecliile J
q
Focus U
o Se hgr bought o used cor Ea o cumpdrot o mo;ind J
U
o u/atd F
F
I ,rPresenl Perfecl" Io
=
F hft blrn o hord tosk ! fost o freobd dificild u
:
zu Present Perfect este un iimp verbol folosit pentru o -vorbi d,
U
ori core tte hgvr mrl before Sloi ne-om moi intdlnil F
;"*" ocliuni din lrecui core inc6 nu s-ou incheioi
,-o, inta-ploi intr-un moment nedeterminot dininlrecut
ori
TCg hevr trovrllcd o lor loi oli cdldlorit muh =
&
U
prezent'
ot" .aror consecinfe continud s6 se focd simfite frry hqvr gone to Woles Ei/ele s-ou dus in foro
>
i.t-"f, .or"rprnju cu perfectul compus din romdn6: co )
o
Qolilor
,io."rio, este formqt din ouxiliorul "hove" (o oveo) 9i din
principol' Cu- toote ocesteo' in
i*.*uif ir".ur ol verbului iiferit de romdnd 9i de olte limbi
!"gf"ta se folosegte sensibil ln llffibo vorbitd giin formulels 6olocviole se folosesc moi des
tn englezd
;;.0"^", fiindc6, spre deosebire de ocesteo' efectul octiunilor lArmrla conlrose, identice 6u {ormele conirose de Presenl
este vorbo despre un timp core exprimd
prezenfului' Vom timpb olc verbului ,,lo hove". 5d vedem exemplele:
;;; ;i;;nimentelor din trecut osupro de o douo porte
;;;.i";" contextele de utilizore in ceo
o'lec1iei. Acum sd ne ocupdm de coniugoreo
lui' hl nod lu om cilit
Vggtvahornt fu oi invdlol
FORMA AFIRMATIVA Hdr nlqxrd EI s-o odihnit

SE I workcd la o muncil
Lo formo ofirmotivd, Present Perfect se construiegte
cu

;;-ilb;"i ,,hou"" (formo ,,hos" penlru Persoono o treio Ft nlnrd y', plouat "

persoone) urm.ot
;;;b; d",hove" pentru loote celelolte
WEtw llrtrned 1./oi om oscuhol
J""p.,ti.ipiul trecut ol verbului principol' Vei gdsi
regulile
oenlru consirui reo porticipi ul ui trecut in
po ginile urmdtoo re' YegtYr tolked loi oli vorbit
icu; observd schemo de moi ios: Thrytvr loten Ei/ele ou mdncot

Subiecl + hos/hove * participiu trecut sl

verbului +
delermindri uherioore

I hove been to Turin Am fost de multe ori

mony times Io Torino

You hove lived in Belgium Ai trdilin Belgio

 c
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l- o
E
4 Y
o o
ttt
o
g FORMA NEGATIVA F'IIIIA INTEROGATIVA 6
J
r
u
o
o
F
Formo negotivd o Present Perfeci se obline oddug-dnd b brme inlerogotivd, ouxiliorul ,,hove" precede subieclul, J
U
I negofio ,,not" imediol dupd ouxiliorul ,,hos/hove"' $i in ffFREt fllnd lo r0ndul lui de porticipiul trecul ol verbului, F
s
coiul'ocesto, in vorbireo curentd se prefer6 formele d-gpa eum pofi observo fn schemo urmdtoore: o
=
z ,,hosn't" gi ,,hoven't". Observd schemo 9i exemplele
:ue
urmeozd: HEr/hnvr * rubiecl + porricipiu trecul sl verbulul + U
F
z
Itllrnlnirl uhcrioore + ? u
Subiect + hqs/hqve + nol (sou hssn't/haven't) u
porticipiu trecul ulverbului + determindri ulterioore HWf I donr enough? Am fdcul eu destul?
=
J

incd nu mi-om lrimis

Hnn yeu olwoys lived here? Ai lrdit lu oici inloldeouno?
I hqve not (hoven't) senl
my CV yet curriculum lg he gon.lo Milon? S-o dus el Io Milono?
You hove nol (hoven'l) left Tu nu ai plecot Hil:hs nollcrd lhe mistoke? A observot eo gregeolo?
He hqs nol (hosn't) been El nu o fosf in Austrolio lb tt rlorltd snowing? Aincepul sd ningd?
to Austroliq
F} wn brcn lhere before? Am fosl noi ocolo gi oltd dotd?
She hos not (hosn'l) come Eoincd nu s-o infors
bock yet Ffti yo, trrn my coi? Aiii vdzut voi pisico meo?
It hqs not (hosn'l) stopped incd nu oincetol sd ploud Hnf thuy olwoys worked Au muncit ei/eleinlotdeouno
roining yet
fiel much? otdt de mult?

We hove not (hoven't) Noi incd nu om mdncot h, galul lntrebdrilor introduse de o porticuld inlerogotivd,
eolen yet FFtlruefio esle urmdtooreo:
You hove not (hoven't) Voi nu oli vdzul filmul ocelo
hlculd inlerogotivd + hos/hsve + subiecl + poriicipiu
seen thot film Fcut ol varbului + determindri ulterioqre + ?
They hove not (hoven't) Ei/ele nu s-ou dus lo Bolh
gone to Both hove I been? Unde om fost eu?
Whm
hove you worked? Unde oi lucrol lu?

hos he reod? Ce o citil el?

Whol hos she lost? Ce a pierdut eo?
40
 e
zu J
o
L
F
4 Y
o o
o
o
n
u
hqs it chonged? Ce s-o schimbot?
FglmertA PARrtctPtutul rREcur J

II YIIIITOR REGUTATE U
q
J
o
hove we ployed with? Cu cine om iucol noi? u
F h elul verbolor regulote, porticipiul trecul ore oceeogi F
Io
I
Who hove you seen? Pe cine oli vdzul voi? bmg ee gi Simple Posl: se construiegte oddugdnd desinenfo u
=
zU hove they worked with? Cu cine au lucrot ei/ele? r+* lc formo de bozd o verbului (infinitiv fdrd ,,to"): :
e,
U
F

rerk (o munci) + -ed ) worked =

e,
U
Fii otent: lo rdspunsurile scurle (cele core cer un ,,do" (o osculto) + -ed )
un ,,nu") se repeld numoi ouxiliorul ,,hove" precedol
It*n listened o
=
J

subiecl. Formo ofirmotivd nu poole fi conlrosd, ci

ceo negoiivd (exemplu: Hove you ever ployed golf? Y
k fgl eo in romdnd, gi ?n englezd porticipiul lrecul pooie
I hove/No, I hoven'l ) Ai jucof vreodotd golf? DolNu)'
f fAlsrtt eu funcfie de odieciiv, door cd in englezd este
hbldeouno invoriobil dupd gen gi numdr.

A ln eorul Simple Posl, gi porticipiul lrecul ol verbelor

FORMA INTEROGATIV.NEGATIVA
Propoziliile inlerogotiv-negolive se conslruiesc cu ouxilioru
,,hoye" , urmot de negofio ,,nol" , de subiect 9i de
porticipiu
trecut ol verbului. Ast6zi, Tn limbo curentd se folosesc numo
formele controse.
EgUleta oro voriofii ortogrofice Tn unele situofii. Sd vedem
CE runt ocesteo:
Iv:rbale core se termind in ,,e" formeozd porticipiul trecut
Edugdnd lo formo de boz6 o verbului door desinenfo
r=dfri

Hoven'l lworked? Nu om lucrot eu? lh (o trdi) + -d ) lived

Hoven'l you worked? Nu oi lucrof tu? hcpe (o spero) + -d ) hoped
Hqsn'l he worked? Nu o lucrot el?
I varbcle core se termind in ,,y" precedot de consoond pierd
Hosn'l she worked? Nu o lucrol eo?
lc porlicipiul lrecut ,,y" gi odougd desinenfo ,,-ied" . Docd ,,y"
Hosn'f ii worked? Nu o funcfionof? E ptecodot de vocold, oceqstd schimbore nu intervine:
Hqven'l we worked? Nu orn lucrol noi?
humy (ose grdbi) -y + -ied ) hurried
Hqven'l you worked? Nu ofi lucral voi?
t-ifif r y -y
(o se cdsdfori) + -ied ) morried
Hoven'l they worked? Nu ou lucrol ei/ele?
Floy (o (se) iuco) + -ed ) ployed
 4
t
u o
E
F
7 v
o o
o
ur
g . verbele core se lermind cu ,,vocol6 * consoond" dubl FIilATCA PARTICIPIUTUI TRECUT 6
J
J

consoono fino16 (cu excepfio verbelor core se lermind

IC V:IECTOR NEREGUTATE u
U
J
o
o ,-x" gi in ,,-w"): u
F legule rs selrirrrbd cu verbele neregulole core, lo fel co F
3
I
penlru Sirrrple Posl, formeozd poriicipiul trecul fiecore ?n
f stop (o opri) + -p + -ed ) stoPPed o
U
o Elgl lui $i irr ocost coz, singuro modolitole de o cunoogle :
z (o plonifico) * -n * -ed ) I
plon plonned FgFlElpiul hecul ql verbelor neregulole esle oceeo de o le
U
F

bow (o se pleco) + -ed ) bowed hrep pe dc rosl pe fiecore in porle. =

e
lgtg e liqtn cu principolele verbe neregulote englezegti, u

. rere li se da intreogo porodigmd, odicd formo de bozd o

=
verbele bisilobice dubleozd consoono finole docd ulti J

silobd esle occentuold: {lefinilivul vcrbului fdrd ,,1o"), formo de Simple Post gi oceeo
pelliripiului lrecut:
preFER (o prefera) + -r + -ed ) preferred
TeGRET (o regreto) * -l + -ed ) regretled
rc (o_deveni)
. verbele core se termind in ,,-ic" odougd consoono 1n [q lqepe
inoinle de desinenf e ,,-ed"
(o eiduce
picnic (o iegi lo iarbd verdel + -k + -ed ) picnicked (o construr)

(,, ,g.rlgq.g)
(n veni)

{o fcrce)
(q!es)
FEt (rr rndnco)
flrrd (rr sdsi)
fly (o rburg)
gel (rr o_blilg

glve (c*dd
gn (o plec,o)
Irirvn (o oveo)
 &
zu f
o
L
F
Y
7 o
o o
vt
t -
u
J
keep (o fine) kept kept EIr lf t I
o mode mode lSelcfil lo pog. 89)
moke (o confecfiono)
F
I meet (o inr6lni) mel met tGgm lrrccorcd sd exersezi cu formele de Presenl
= poy (o plati) poid poid fi de perlicipiu trecut pe core tocmoi le-oiinvdfot.
z
put (o pune) pul put

reod (o cifi) reod reod Ef:rclTlut I

soy (o spune) soid soid AfAl doc6 propozifiile sunt corecte (right)
sow seen {*rcng) gi rescrie-le corect cdnd e necesor.
see (o vedeo)
sold sold
sell (o vinde) RW
send (o trimite) senl sent
! Hutu you ever spoke trtr
speok (o vorbi) spoke spoken hrrl
spend (o petrece) spent spent
told
I I hevan't even met her.
tell (o povesti) iold
think (o s6ndi) thoughi ihought I Hur she olwoys live

wrote written her:l

write (o scrie)

! Nu, she hosn't. tr

46
zg c
f
F o
E
2
Y
o o
ra
IA o
u EXERCTTTUL 2 E
lcroutr whd hos chcnged since then? J
u
o u
Completeozd propozifiile, olegdnd formq verbol6
o
F t J
u
F
I
Io
= il Jock ... <l new soles compoign. Kmbsrly sunt'in suf rogerie gi se uifd lo nigfe fotogrofii.
o
zu tr o)wos plonned I lhlPgrcc ocosd de lo serviciu.
:Ue
U
tr b) hos plonned F
tr c) is plonned HlJqckl Whol's lhe mqtter?! You look qwful! =
I
q
ItfF g wrcckl And l've lost my mobile! ;o
E tte ... his report yet.
tr o) hosn't written ldJndu-i-l): No, Alice told me you forgot it when you
tr b) hosn'i wrote oPorlmenl this morning!
tr c) didn't write thel'r where il is! l've looked everywhere... I must
Itvt bcen o little distrocled lolely... I guess I need
EAlice ... to slqrl korqle lessons. EfJ, You know, I hoven'l hod o holidoy since lheY
tr o) is decided mc to London!
tr b) hos decided
tr c) hove decided Oh,., Okoy, well... Relox o little now... Kimberly is
m! 3ome photos of o porty they hod oi university
l've never seen such funny photos!
E She ... koroie before.
la fofogrofii): Hey, this is o piciure of the
tr o) hos never tryed arf Economics... l've been there for o seminorl
tr b) hos never tried
tr c) never tryed
Flyt Reolly?! When did you ottend thot?
Wfll, I wos only lhere for four doys, but il wos reolly

Alice.)

'1usi
Hoy guys, l've got off ihe phone to Peler. And he
lo know if they con come over in o bit... He wonls us
Fnvlnce Shoron to move lo Jopon with him! She hosn'l
yet if she wonls to go.
To Jopon?l li's o greol country! Hove you ever
lhgre?
 4
a- f
u o
E
F
7 Y
o o
o
E
sJ Jqck: No... And,lo tell you the truth, l'm not reolly i
lnfelegem J
q

U
o ff le Fag' 9ol J

o u
F F
I fuc ol tnfcles sceno, rdspunzdnd lo urmdtoorele J
o
=
o
z
:&U
u
qwful" F
Jock: Do you mind if I go io my room? Todoy wos z
lhol ha is;
l'm deod iired qnd I hoven't hod onything to eol! Pleosl e,
u
tell Shoron ond Peter... Pleose give Shoron ond Peter rfl E*aC ilrld
regords. l'm reolly not in the mood lo chot this evening Agry wilh Alice o
=
J

Ybry thlruty
(lese.)

Frrdr:
A ntw mobile
To hovr o porty
Tr hqva o holidoy

lr looking ot phoios of:

A nmlnor thot Jock went lo
A psry ot university
Japen

vl:ltad Jopon:
I 995
ln 1995
Afor 1995
 c
f
u o
L
F
v
o
0 o
6
u rerbel erlc insofil odeseori de referiri temporole introduse J
J
Focus de prepruifiile ,,for" (pentrul, ,,since" (din, de cdnd) gi de
U
u
o pg**leulrr irrlerogotivd ,,how long" (de cdnd). Prezenfo ocestor
r) u
F errell nF vu roominli cum sd olegem timpul corecl. ,,For" F
I Folosireo,,Presenl Perfiecl" fekraeTle pontru o perioodd de timp, o duroid. ,,Since"
s
o
U
= idenllften rrrr rrromenl precis din lrecut. Lo o intrebore core e
z in secfiuneo onlerioord om spus cd Present Perfect este, =
u
Fneepe r.rr ,,lrow long" se poole rdspunde cu o propozifie core F
esenfd, un timp prezent core semnoleozd cd un eveni * errfinfi o expresie lemporold inlrodusd fie de,,for", fie de =
sou o ocfiune din trecul conlinud s6 oibd un efect in e,
U
aEifrEe"
Simplificdnd lucrurile, s-or puteo spune cd Presenl o
=
exprimd concepiul de ,,inointe", ,,pdnd ocum". 56 veder
J

moiindeoproope diferitele utilizdri ole ocestui limp verbol Haw lcng lrtrvo they De cdt limp sunt ei
bclr rnlrnotl? cdsdtorifi?
iFrey lrrrvr lreorr mqrried Sunf cdsdtorili de 32 de oni
PENTRU EXPRIMAREA DURATEI
uNoR ACTIUNI iNCA NETERMINATE fur tl yiort
-hry lr.rv= lrecrr morried Sunf cdsdforifi din 1973
Presenl Perfect exprimd ocfiuni sou evenimenie core ilFtr 1973
inceput intr-un momenl din trecul 9i continud in
(gi vor continuo probobil gi in viitor). Agodor, ceeo ce EeE vcrh,r rlespre doud rdspunsuri dole oceleiogi intrebdri
exprimd este un fel de ,,lrecui nelerminot": se vorbegle des
fl eare rprrrr ereclogi lucru: perecheo in couz6 s-o cdsdtoril in
duroto unei ocfiuni, din momentul trecui in core o in ItF-3, Fr,,l,,rrifio core confine ,,for" pune occent pe duroto
pdnd in momeniul prezenl in core se vorbegle. leriei (.oo cu ,,since", in schimb, occenlueozd onul in
5gfe c Evrrl lpc cdsdlorio. line minle schemo ce urmeoz6:
f've known Soroh since O cunosc pe Soroh de cdnd
I wos 18 oveom 18 ani
My porents hqve been Pdrinlii mei sunl cdsdtorifi
E.*.-.'l:itrt
heura (lreri ore) December (decembrie)
morried for 32 yeors de 32 de oni
! deya (r ft rrrcr zile) Fridoy (vineri)
How long hove you De cdtd vreme rnuncegli __

worked lhere? ocolo? wcchE (rr?plCirndnj) 5 o'clock (oro 5.001

g rrre,t rll i+ (lol"gJgIC* 2OO3 (20031
Utilizoreo oceoslo o Present Perfect este de muhe
I wos o young girl
greooie pentru cine invofd englezo, din momenl ce a l;:irg hrrre (rrruh fimp)
(erom o felifd)
romdnd ocelogi concept de durotd se exprimd odeseo 6

intermediul prezenlului indicotiv gi nu ol perfectul comp rygee (ter o/e) the 2nd of June (2 iunie)
Cu loole ocesteo, poote fi util sd-fi omintegti cd ocesl ti

I
 c
z l
u o
F E
A
o o
o
yr
g
PENTRU A VORBI DESPRE UN TRECUT RECEN FCtrru A VORBI DESPRE UN EVENIMENT o

tl{tAnFl A r lrurn-uN TREcur NEpREctzAT J

u
U
o
Presenl Perfect se folosepte 9i pentru o vorbi despre o
J
o U
F
I intdmplotd intr-un lrecul recent, ole cdrei consecinfe se Rguf Ferfer I ee furlerrogle cdnd vrem sd vorbim despre un F
Io
simfite giin prezent. Observd exemplele urmdtoore: Er:irnertl *uu rlespre o ocfiune din lrecut, fdrd o specifico
=
z il refertrerr lerrr;rorol6. Acliuneo o ovut loc inointe de :u
d
Chontol's iust gone Chontolfocmoi s-o dus sd Remenli.il f,ire:errl ol vorbirii 9i este posibil sd continue U
F

to brush her teeth spele pe dinli (= deci nu $ Fr viller z

e
oici in ocesf moment) U
?*re har rrhoscd Eo o lonsot trei CD-uri r=\
Whot hove you done Ce fi-oi fdcut Io pdr?
to your hoir? (: in clipo osto ore un ffi5ss t.[lc (:
l^
pond ocum, insd or puleo
s6 lonseze oltele in viitor)
ospecl ciudot)
ltE llrrd itr lLrrt-.ttce Eu om trdit lo Florenlo vreme
in ocest sens, Present Perfect esle folosit 9i pentru o kr I llr.,rrllrs de noud luni (: incd lrdiesc
onunfuri, moi oles cdnd cel core vorbegte inlenlioneoz6 ocolo gi esle probobil cd voi
pund in evidenfd evenimentul. Citegte propozifiile lrdi in continuore)

Nicky hos hod her boby! Nicky o ndscuf! End vr-rrr rrr cl6m referinfo lemporold, esle necesor
They hove lost the elections Ei/ele ou pierdul olegerile
5 ehtnrlrrrrrr lirrrpul verbol gi sd trecem lo Simple Post,
E EEtui ftrlo:iro sugereozd c6 ocfiuneo esle definiiiv
tHghelefc ( urrrpord exemplele urmdtoore:
Cdnd se folosegte Presenl Perfect cu oceostd occepfie,
tipic6 folosireo odverbelor ,,yet" (chior, incd) ,,iusl" *e Felrg:ed llrree CDs in 2003eo o lonsof I rei CD-uri
tocmoi, cu pulin timpin urmd) 9i ,,olreody" (deio). iF EEO: (: door in onul ocelo, insd e
,,yel", folosit otdtin propozifii negotive (cu semnificofio posibil sd fi lonsqt oltele in
moi") cdl giin propozifii interogotive (cu semnificofio ,,deio" olte perioode diferite)
se pune de obicei lo sfdrgitul propoziliei 9i semnoleozd
I lired tl I l.r'nce Am trdit noud luni Io Florenlo
vorbilorul se ogleoptd co evenimentul respectiv sd se igl I ln,,rillrr (= ocum nu moi irdiesc ocolo,
intdmplot deio sou sd se inldmple in viitor.
om schimbot orogul)
I hqven'l bought the Nu om cumpdrot incd
skoles yel potinele (?nsd o voi foce)
Hove you hod o breok yel? Ai fdcul deio o pouzd?
John hqs iust token John locmoi o dof exomenul
his exom
l've qlreqdy seen thot film Am vdzut deio acelfilm
 c
l
u o
F E
Y
o o
o
DI o
sJ PENTRU A VORBI DESPRE O EXPERIENTA tfc heYr mot bcfore Ne-orn intdlnit deio inointe J
u
PROPRIA VIATA u
o J

o
F present Perfect, Tn cele din urm6, poote fi folosit Pentru,
heg e dulfi, docd vrem sd ddm ori sd cerem o referinfd U
F
T.
core s-ou intdmpl Fperela, esle necesor sd schimbdm timpul verbol 9i sE
uorLi J"rpr" experienfe din proprio vio!6 o
-<
f
neprecizoi) in lre Enr ltr Siniple Posl. U
:
c)
zu ;;il 1fid" doro osio, un moment
ocfiu d,
Nu inlereseozd sd se gtie cdnd s-o Tnt0mploiovut loc
q
F
o llg mrt wlrerr I wos l6 Ne-om inlllnit cdnd eu
,"rp".tiuA, ci door sd se comunice cd ocliuneo Z
e
relevon
suni incd
s-o incheiqt in irecut, ior consecinfele ei oveam 16 oni U

in prezent. Citegte urmdtoorele exemple: o

=
Itten dld he go Cdnd s-o dus el in Argentina? J

E Argenltrrtr?
l've been to London Am fost de multe ori
mony times Io Londro
Hove you ever mel L-oi inlilnil vreodofd
Vincent? pe Vincent?

Dup6 cum poli observo deio din exemplele

.a,iJ t" folosegle Present Perfeci pentru o vorbi lo o
ain proprio vio!6 se
1e5u1se,.odeseo
"ip"ru"f"
;;;;r; ("r"odord),,,never' (niciodotd)"j:l*tY::
i;;"J;;;)-;i ,L"'i.'""sou(inointe)'
in propoztftt cu
se folosetre
'EY?.'" sens negqr
oropozilii interogoiive
i;rJ;;;ritoiorrno ofirmotiv6; 9i ,,never" se foloselte
ofirmoti
propozifii cu sens negoliv, dor cu verb lo formo

Hove you ever seen Ai vdzul vreodotd Plooio?

the roin?
Nobody's ever come here Nci nu o venil nimeni'
niciodotd

Anne's never come Anne nu a veni! niciodotd

to visit me sd md vodd

You hove olwoYs lived Ai trdil intofdeouno /mereu

in the some Ploce ?n oceloti loc
56
 e
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iu o
z v
o o
o
llHt r
vt 6
ra
l! J

Exercifii u
u
o (Solufii lo Pos. 90) propozifiile, olegdnd formo verbold corecld. J
u
F
F
Present Perfect' Io
E momenlul s6 exers6m pufin cu
I
lFd Pttor ... in London for 3 yeors. u
o =
zU e.
U
F
EXERCITIUL 3 llnd =
u
u
Arot6 docd propoziliile suni corecte
(right) sou ;o
(wrong) gi rescrie-le corect cdnd e necesor' ri, ln Conqdo before she come lo London. J

R w
I YesterdoY Jock's ount E] tr
hos come to visit. hu futhcr since losl yeor.
lL
E Ali.e is gone to buY tr tr leW
some wine. llrn
E Alice ond Jock hos E tr rhr .., lo him on lhe phone.
often spoked obout her'
!Fkrn
H ttls ouni hos lived in tr tr
Itoly oll her life.
Vocsbulsr
qs soon os numoi ce, door
ce, obio; de indotd ce
ottend (lo) o frecvenlo,
o urmo; o ?ngriii; o se
ocupo de
owful oribil/6,
i ngrozilor / oo re, le ri bi l/d,
insp6imdntdlor/oore
browse (to) o-9i bdgo
nosul, o-gi potoli
curioziloteo; o novigo
(pe internei)
colm down (to) o (se)
colmo, o (se) liniili
chot (ro) o pdldvrdgi;
o slo de vorbd cu cinevq
(pe internet)
come olong (lo) o urmo,
o veni
come over (to) o veni, o
veni sd vezi pe cinevo/cevo
convince (to) o convinge,
o fi persuosiv; o indupleco,
o deiermino
deod tired obosit/6 mort,
epuizo/d
economics economie
(Foculty of Economics:
Focultoleo de $tiinle
Economice)
ever vreodotd; niciodotd
(in propozifii inlerogolive
gi negotive)
everywhere pesle tol, regords soluldri, felicit6ri,
oriunde complimenle, urdri de bine
fleq morkel tqlcioc repod relofie
forgel (to) o uito; o nu-pi resl odihnd
ominli seminor seminor (curs
funny coroghios/oosd, universilor)
distroctiv/d shower dug (to hove
get off the phone (to) q shower: o foce dug)
o inchide telefonul, o slond torobd; chiogc,
pune receptorul in furcd, gheretd
o intrerupe o convorbire tronsfer (to) o tronsfero
telefonicd university universitote
guoss (lo) o presupune; wotch ceos, orologiu
o crede, o g0ndi (to wotch: o se uito,
holidoy petrecere, zi o observo)
festivd; holidoys: voconf6, wreck relicv6; zdreonf6,
concediu vechiturd, robl6 (9i fig.)
kind omobil/6
knock down (to) o dobori,
o do ios, o demolo
lolely recent, in ultimul .
timp, de cur0nd
morkcl piof6, t0rg
mind (lo) q provoco
nepldcere, o deronio; o fi
impotrivd, de oltA pdrere
mobilc telefon mobil
monlh lund
mood store de spirit
office birou
pleod (to) o imploro,
o suplico
rother moi curOnd
 c
f
o
E
Y
o
o
o
Television Programmes J
U
q
J

Let's tolk: u
F
s
o
The City of London
u
:
u
q
F

moi loofe orogele mori din lume, ctre un centru

z
Londra, cq t
U
finoncior unde lucreozd mii de oomeni: este ogo-nurniful
,,Cily" gi un loc frumos de vizilol... insd nu oricdnd! o
=
J

Eric: Hello ond welcome to ihis week's edition of ,,Lel's

lolk", the discussion progromme with our commentotors
Tom ond Morie.
Morie: Good evening everyone.
Tom: Good evening.

Eric: Tom you wenl to London losl week, didn't you? You told
me you hod o meeting with on imporloni businessmon.
Tom: Yes, I did! I interviewed the chief executive of o moior
UK finonciol group. He works in the City.

Morie: So you visited the heort of internolionol high finonce,

interesting.
Tom: Yes, it wos inleresting octuolly. You know, the City
is very smoll, but very importonl in the world of finonce.
I meon, did you know ihol the City of London, thot's its full
nome, is iust one squore mile or 2.6 kilometres? And thot
only 7,000 people live there?

Eric: Reolly? So few peoPle?

Tom: Yes, only 7,000 people live there, but more thon
32O,OOO people o doy commute into the City to work
there.

63
{ v c
t
F o
E
t^ Y
F o
u o
Tom: But remember: don't visit the Ciiy ol 6
Eric: Wow, o ihird of o million commulers every doy. Con weekends! J
u u
we exploin to our viewers iust why this port of London is so There's nobody there! And most of the shops ond pubs ore u
E importont? J
{
e, Tom: Of coursel The City is o globol finonciol cenire
closed. U
F
o
o with hundreds of bonks, finonciql exchonges, insuronce
IA
e Eric: Thonks for thot iip! Well, the City's the finonciol heort U
c componies ond inveslment componies. you know there ore of the UK ond perhops of Europe. But it is olso on interesling :
d,
u
F more lhon 500 componies in the City. ploce to visit with mony interesiing buildings. Thonks lo our F
Z
o commentotors. e.
F Morie: Thot's righi! And it olso hos severol imporront Morie: Goodbye. U

r commodity morkets. The City,s the ploce lo buy commodities Tom: Goodbye. o
=
J

such osoil, gold ond silver. ln the City people corry out oll
=
z)
UI kinds of finonciol trqnsqclions, they borrow money, sove Eric: Goodbye everyone ond see you ogoin soon for o next
money, invest money, buy ond scll commodilies, buy ond interesting oppointment wilh ,,Lei's tolk".
sell insuronce for oll kinds of lhingr, from oil tonkers to
skyscropers!
Tom: Exoctly, Morie! Togelhar with Toltyo qnd Ncw york the
city is one of ihe world's molt impgrtonr finonciol cenrres.
It's situoted between the timc zontt of fulo ond Americo. ln
foct, offices in the City don,t hqvr
lurt enl clock, they hove
ol leost four, with clocks rhowlng lhr tlmr for Tokyo,'Zurich
ond New York.

Eric: So, the City's open for burlnrn 14 houru o doyl Well,
do only people from the world d flngns work there?
Tom: No, nol Lots of othcr highly rkllbd
Frcplt work there.
For exomple mony lowyrrr, gGsufiFnil ond computer
experts work there. Thcy hrlp thr bgnkl qnd insuionce
componies to work smoothly,

Morie: lt's worth remembcring toc lhd th: ehy,l o beoutiful

ploce to visit. lt con be ultro-modtm rlc mediavql ot the
some time' There ore somc baurlfulelc bulldlngr, aspecioily
the churches, ond some innovotlvr nrtr bslldlngr su.h os
ihe Lloyd's insuronce building gnd hr lwlcc RE Building,
or the ,,gherkin" os il's now known,
I

F
s
E
J

;B Sd tnfelegem Focus
= (Solufii lo pos. 91)
=
*,
o Verificd docd oi infeles, rdspunzdnd lo urmdtoorele
City of London:
o
&
L ?nirebdri: qu ti melropolele o inimd
F
ll Tom is going to London next week. Orogele importonte ole lumii ou un centru finoncior
o
o E True (o inimd) foorte dezvohol, unde zilnic vin mii 9i mii de
oomeni lo muncd. Dor, ogo cum ou explicot Morie 9i Tom,
F
= E Folse
este gi un loc unde pofi foce cumpdrdluri' Sd vedem moiin
a

o
zU om6nunt.
E Only 700 people live in the City of London.
E True ol Afi inimo finonciord o
To be lhe finonciol heorl
tr Folse
The City of London is the Cily din Londro este centrul
El third of o million people commute to the Ciiy every doy. finonciol heort of rhe UK financior ol Morii Brilonii
E True
tr Folse Sd vedem ce octivitdfi ,,pun in migcore" zono qceqslo 9i sd
incercdm sd invdfdm termeni core ne pot fi de folos in viofo
E You con buy oil in the Ciiy of London. de zi cu zi:
E True
tr Folsb
Insurqnce compony Componie de osigurdri
To insure A osigurcri o ocoperi cu osigurore
E There oren'f ony churches in lhe City of London. Cor insuronce Asigurore oulo
E True
E Folse ln the City of London in Cily din Londro exisf6
there ore mony insuronce multe componii de asigurdri
componies to insure people penlru o osiguro persoone
or properties sou ProPrieldli
Most people hove cor Mojoritoleo oomenilor ou
insuronce which theY PoY o osigurore oulo Pe core o
every yeor. So if you hove pldtesc in fiecore on. $odor,
on occident, your insuronce in coz de occidenf, comPonio
compony poys for the de osigurdri pl6teg+e dounele
domoges
 I
{F 4
t
!.1
F o
E
ru
Y
$iincd: o
u o
o
TO BORROW - TO tEND - TO LOAN J
u
E lnvestmenl compony Sociefofe de investilii
<l u
cl
ol Verbul ,,o imprumuto" se troduce in doud feluri, dupd cum J
Bonk u
ol
cl
Boncd semnificofio lui este ,,o luo cu imprumul", ,,lo borrow", F
LI Shores Acliuni sou ,,o do imprumut", core se redd prin verbul ,rlo lend" s
o
"l
FI
-l Profit profit, beneficiu
sou ,,lo loon", oceslo din urmd folosit moi mult Tn englezo :eU
<t
dl
omericond decdt in ceo briionicd. u
F
ol Observd exemplele:
FI
rl lf-:t:"ll:mponies buy Sociefdfi/e de invesfifii =
u
snores ot other componies cumpdrd ocfiuni U
@l
JI
ol to moke profit
ole'ohor He lenl her doughler El i-o imprumutol (dat) bani ;o
7l intreprinderi pentru a ob1ine J
il some money; fiicei lui; eo o imprumutol
beneficii
she borrowed some (luot) boni de lo toldl ei
Vezi cdte cuvinle utile? Acum s6 money from her fother
conlinudm cu
de boz6 otunci c6nd se vorbegte Jerpr"'ironro.tii. termenii
lf o bonk lends Docd o boncd ili imprumutd
To corry out you money, you musl boni, lrebuie sd-i inopoiezi
A efecfuo (o tronzocfie)
poy il bock with inlerest cu dobdndd
To invest A investi
Bonks corry oui Bd ncile ef ccl ueozd o per oliu
Dupd cum om invdfol din text lnsd, in Cify of London nu
ni
finonciol tronsoclions suni numoi bdnci gi componii de osigurore, de exemplu:
comerciole

Fii otent: verbul ,to sove,, (o cconomisi) poote oveo

Commodity mqrkel Piol6 de m1fruri
semnificofie dubld. Obseryd difircnfo: - Commodity Morfd ongro
I would like to go to Spoin AS vrca fi m6 duc ?n Sponio Commodities ore things Termenul ,,morfd ongro"
nexf yeor, so I need to sova onul viitor, ogo cd trebuie lhot you con buy ond sell indicd tof ce pofi vinde gi
some money sd -iu, in lorge quonlities cumpdro in contitdli mori
econorflircs c (ra
daoportc) nigta boni The City's the best ploce Cily e cel moi bun loc din
Her brother soves money Frofclc cj aconomisegte (1ine) buy
in London to Londro de unde sd cumperi
in o bonk aorii tnir.J ion.o commodiiies morfd
I
v
J
F
t4
l-
q
J

;u $i, co sd incheiem, un verb gi subsfontivul derivot pe core,

E cu siguron!6, nu ne vo fi greu sd le folosim ?n orice conlexl Exercilii
E de lucru: (Solufii lo pos. 91)
&
o
o
e,
To commule A fi novefisl, o foce noveta EXERCITIUL I
A.
Commuler Novefist Tn ocest exercifiu.
F Alege rdspunsul corect
o A lot of people hove io in fiecore zi, mulyi oomeni
o commule lo work
F
r
trebuie sd focd noyefo cel llA person who trovels from ouiside o city into the cenlre
q) every doy, which tokes pulin o ord co sd ojungd every doy lo work is colled...
JI
ol them ot leqsl on hour lo lucru tr o) o troveller
zl
UI tr b) o commuter

E Products thot you con buy qnd sell in lorge quontities

ore colled...
E o) commodities
E b) insuronces

E lf you keep money secure in o bonk, you ... money.

tr o) borrow
ft b) sove
tr c) invest

E lf you buy shores in o compony to moke more money,

you...
tr o) borrow
tr b) sove
tr c) invesl

H lf you toke money from o bonk ond poy it bock loier,

you ...money.
tr o) borrow
tr b) sove
tr c) invest
v 4
t
F
o
t^ T
F o
E o
a
;u E I om hungry. Will you ... me some money to buy EXERCITIUL 2 J
t!
E someihing to eoi? U
J
E
tr o) borrow Completeozd propozifiile cu formo verbold corecl6' u
c, F
(, tr b) lend s
o o
&
A E When I wos ol school I used to '.. footboll every week' U
{
F
E I don't hove o cor ... . I will hove to poy for the domoges tr o) ploying e,
u
F
myself. tr b) ploy
o tr o) inleresl =
d,
o U
F tr b) insuronce
I E Oia you ... work in o bonk? '
o
J
= tr o) used io
z E I hove to poy very high ... to my bonk. tr b) use to
tr o) inierest
tr b) interests El You're English, ...
tr o) ore you?
E Bonks ... finonciol tronsoctions. tr b) oren't you?
tro) corry out
D b) moke E Sne doesn't smoke, ...
tr o) does she?
E the City of London is the ... heort of London. tr b) doesn'i she?
tr o)finonce
tr b)finonciol
 c
f
o
E
Y
o
o
o
Let's tolk: J
u
)
u
u
Migrotion F
g
o
q

Fenomenul imigrdrii genereozd pdreri foorle diferife: Tom

:
e.
u
crede cd e ulil pentru economio fdrii ,,gazdd", in timp ce F
Morie considerd cd ocesfo oduce cu sine consecinfe negofrVe. =
e
U
Sd vedem core sunf molivele core stou lq bozo pdrerilor celor ;o
doi comenfotori din ,,Lel's folk". J

Eric: Good evening lo oll viewers ond welcome lo this

week's edition of ,,Let's tolk", our discussion progromme
wilh our expert commenlotors Tom ond Morie.
Morie: Good evening, Eric.
Tom: Good evening.

Eric: Well, occording to the doto from the lotest Europeon

conference on migrotion, lhe number of migronts orriving
in Europe hos increosed enormously over the losi five yeors.
EU politicions ore divided on this issue. Some of them
believe lhot migrotion is o bod thing ond couses lots of
problems. On the other hond, other politicions mointoin
thol migronls conlribute to lhe developing of the economy.
Could I osk whot you think oboul this issues?

Morie: Well, in my opinion migronls don'l help our

economy. On the conirory, ihey toke iobs from locol people
ond push down poy rotes for both unskilled ond skilled
workers. ln foct, migronts ore often poid less ihon the legol
minimum woge.

Tom: l'm ofroid I don'l ogree with you, Morie. Mony

employers use immigrotion to plug lobour shortoges, for
exomple in ogricuhure. Formers employ thousonds of
 4
f
o
E
F Y
v, o
F o
u 6
J
Eosiern Europeon workers lo pick lheir crops os lhey con'f Eric: Thql's right, Tom! Migrotion is os old os lhe humon )
u
;
q
find locol workers to do the work. roce. People hove olwoys moved to where ii's possible lo U
J

f moke o living. Moybe we should get used to the ideo thot U

F
e, Eric: Thot's lrue. ln oddition, there ore low bi*h roles in our society is becoming more ond more multirociol. Ok, 5
o
o this discussion hqs been very interesting but unfortunotely U
o
e
mosl Europeon counlries, porticulorly in Spoin ond ltoly. The
it is time to soy goodbye lo Tom ond Morie.
:
&,
& economies of lhese counlries need more workers, especiolly u
F
F for difficult iobs thol locol people don't wont io do. z
Tom: Exocllyl And il's importont lo remember thot migront Morie: Goodbye, Eric. e
u
o
F
workers conlribule io the economy becouse ihey poy toxes. Tom: Goodbye. ;
o
J
I

Eric: Well, this only hoppens if migronts work legolly! Eric: Goodbye ond see you ogoin soon for our nexl
=
o
zU Unfortunotely mony migronls come into Europe illegolly. instollment of ,,Lel's tolk"!
Morie: You're right, Eric! They come in illegolly ond they
often form on undercloss lhol doesn't hove occess to
heqlthcore ond educqlion. Thot's why they somelimes get
involved in criminol ocliviiies. I lhink some immigrotion
is ok, especiolly if the immigronls ore osylum seekers or
refugees who con't relurn to lheir home countries. Aport
from this I think Europeon governments should put o stop
to immigrotion.

Eric: How-do you suggest they do this?

Morie: Well, the EU should do more to help develop the
economies of North ond Wesl Africo. This would help
economic migronis, migronts who come lo Europe to
work, to stoy ol home, find o iob ond develop their locol
economies.

Tom: Come on Morie, todoy the world's o ,,globol villoge".

People hove olwoys moved oround lhe world. Don't forgel
for exomple the millions of Europeons who migroted to
North Americo ol the beginning of the lost century. They
experienced ihe some problems thot the Africons ore
experiencing todoy.
 E
J t
o
F L
u I
F
o
u o
J o
a
g
Sd Tnlelegem Focus J
U
u
(Solufii lo pos. 92) J
t u
u
o Verificd docd - oi infeles, rdspunzdnd lo urmdloorele
Vqlizq in mdnd... se pleocd! F
s
o
o u
c
&
intrebdri:
Ce crezi despre ceeo ce tocmoi qi citit? Egri de ocord cu
:
&
u
* Morie, ori g6ndegti co Tom? Sd onolizdm ocum cdievo F

o
ll the number of migronts thot come to Europe hos cuvinte pe core le-oi gdsit in text gi oltele toi despre ocesl =
tq
decreosed. subiect: 3
ts
D True o
J
=
! tr Folse
zU Migrotion Migroliune

E nt fU politicions ogree thot immigrotion is o bod ihing. lmmigrotion lmigrolie

E True Migronl Emigronl
tr Folse
lmmigronl lmigronl

E Morie thinks migronis toke iobs from locol people. Dqto Dote
lJ lrue
According to dotq from the Conform dotelor UE,
tr Folse
EU, the number of migronls numdrul de emigronli core
orriving in Europe hos sosesc in Europo o crescuf
E Tom thinks migronls conlribuie to lhe economy of increosed enormously enorm
o counlry.-
F True
tr Folse Fii olent: obreviereo ,,Uniunii Europene" in englezd nu este
UE, ci EU (de lo ,,Europeon Union").
H Morie thinks rhe EU should help immigronis in their own
countries.
Economic migronl Refugiof economic
lJ lrue
tr Folse Economic migronls come Refugiofii economic vin din
from poor countries ond fdri sdroce gi coutd de luuu
look for work where in'loro in core se duc
they go

Asylum seeker Azilont/Cel core coul6 ozil

tJ E

F o
E
o Y
t"- o
u
J o
6
n Refugee Refugiof Alte cuvinle: J
q
u
U
= Asylum seekers ond Azilonlii 9i refugiolii trebuie J
To poy loxes A pldti toxe U
E refugees must leove lheir sd-gi pdrdseoscd foro de F

home country becouse their bogfind, fiindcd ocolo viofo To plug lqbour shortoges ,,A lompono" lipso de forld s
o
o
d,
lives ore in donger there lor esfe in pericol de muncd U
:
d,
U
F To push down poy rotes A micaoro soloriile F
7
o Sd onolizdm ocum ospectul strict economic ol fenomenului 0L
u
F Other EU politicions think Alli politicieni din UE cred cd ;o
I de emigrofie, plecdnd de lo cuvintele de bozd: immigrotion is o bod thing imigroreo este un lucru rdu,
= becouse migronls deoorece emigronlii sunl
zu Politicion Politicion push down poy rotes couze unei scdderi de solqrii
Developmenl Dezvollore

Some poliiicions think Legol minimum woge Soloriu minim gorontof de

Unii politicieni cred cd
lege
migrotion is o good thing emigrolio esfe un lucru
becouse migronts conlribule bun, deoorece emigronfii Emigronfii foc sd scodd
Migronts push down poy
to the developmenl of conlribuie lo deuoltoreo soloriile fiindcd odeseo sunf
roles becouse they ore often
Europeon economies economiilor europene poid less thon lhe legol pldtili moi pulin decdt soloriul
minimum woge minim goronlot de lege
Fii otenl: nu confundo termenii ,,employer" (ongoiatorl
gi,,employee" (omplooiol, ongojaf\:
$iincd:
Employers use migronts Angoiolorii se folosesc
to plug lobour shortoges de emigronli penlru a lllegolly llegol
becouse lhere ore no ,,fempone" lipso de mdnd Legolly Legol
locol people lo do de lucru, fiindcd lipsesc
the work oomenii (din locul respecfiv) Some migronls work illegolly, Unii emigronfi muncesc
co sd presleze muncs but some work legolly ilegol, dor ollii lucreozd
becquse they poy toxes legol fiindcd pldfesc toxe
Employees poy toxes Mu ncitorii ongoiofi pldtesc
foxe
 4
x )o
E
F
I
o
L o
u o
J
SALAR II
Exercifii )U
;;
u u
* Existd diferite moduri de o denumi compensofiile ce se (Solulii lo pog.92) J
u
E
t-
c, primesc pentru munco prestotd. Sd le vedem: s
(' EXERCTTTUt 1 o
o
g
U
2
& Pqy Plold, relribulie
Alege rdspunsul corecl in ocesl exercifiu.
/t!
F
(generic, pentru o indico F
bonii ce se cdgtigd regulot z
I
o
o
F
pentru muncq prestoi6) I A troveller who moves from one country lo qnolher u
is colled ... o
I Woge Rernunerore /ciglig )
2
(se referd moi mult lo tr o) o migront
zU conlitoteo de bqni core tr b) on immigroni
se primegte pentru munco
prestotd) E Tl.re movement of people into o country lo live there
is colled ...
Woges Relribulie/ rem u nerolie/ sol ori u
tr o) migrotion
(indicd retribufio
tr b) immigrotion
s6ptdmdnold sou pe zi, boni
Tn mdnd)
E A person from o poor country who comes to work in
Solory Leofd/solqriu Europe is colled ...
(plotit lunor, direct in boncd) tr o) on osylum seeker
tr b) on economic migront
Observd urmdioorele exemple core ie vor oiuto sd
E People who give iobs to olher people ore colled ...
infelegi:
tr o) employers
Our woges ore poid Lefurile noosfre se pldfesc
tr b)employees
every Fridoy in fiecore vineri
E th" lowesl legol solory is colled ,,the legol minimum ... "
I hove io poy the cqr Trebuie sd pldtesc osiguroreo
O o) poy
insuronce oui of my oulo din leofo meo tr b) woge
wqges
Whol's the overoge Core-i soloriul mediu in laro
wqge in this country? aslo?
 vJ c
)
o
Y
F o
ur o
E
E One of the problems with migronts is thot they ... poy EXERCTTTUL 2 J
U
r"t rotes. u
E
D o) push down Completeozd propoziliile cu formo verbold corecl6. J
U
F
rl
c,
o tr b) press s
o
o
c. E Woges ore poid ... I I live in London. I ... here for two yeors. q
:e
fL &
tr o) weekly or doily t1 o) hove lived u
{r F
j' F
tr b) monihly tr b) live
lrl
o =,
e
u
o
F
I EI Solories ore poid ... E How long ... worked here? o
=
tr o) monthly tr o) hove you J

:ll =
o
z tr b)weekly tr b) do you
jr

i!
E People who ore in politics ore colled ... E ... here since September.
tr o) policies tr o) l've worked
'li
tr b) politicions tr b) lwork

Et lmmigrotion ... in the lost five yeors. 8... Alice on Mondoy.

tr o) hove increosed E o) l've seen
tr b) hos increosed trb)lsow
t{

ffil

fll

fil
Solufiile exercitiilor
Lecfio 9
THAT'S LIFE! ARE YOU REATLY SISTERS?

Scens l: Two sislers meuns twice lhe work!

56 infelegem (pog. 9)
1) o; 2) Folse; 3) c; 4) c

Exercilii (pos. 20)

EXERCITIUt I
1) more crowded ihon
2) more beoutifulthon
3) livelier thon
4) better ihon

EXERCTTTUL 2
1) is not os pretty/cuie os
2\ o bit/o little toller thon
3) more qnd more onxious
4) much/o lot more reloxed
ScenE 2: You two qre complelely different! lecfiu l0
THAT'S LIFE! ONE OF THOSE DAYS
Sd infelegem (pos. 24)
1) b; 2) c; 3) Folse; 4) b
Scenc l: You've been in there for over on hour!
Exercilii (pog. 31)
Sd infelegem (pog. 37)
EXERCTTTUL 3 1) o; 2l b; 3) c; 4) True
'l) b; 2) o; 3) b; 4) c
Exerci;ii (pog. 47)
EXERCTTtUt 4
I ) Risht EXERCTTTUL 1
2) Wrong (Right; Alice is lhe most interesiing of oll of them) 'l) Wrong (Right; Hove you ever spoken io her?)
3) Wrong (Right; Shoron is the prettiest of the girls) 2) Rishl
4) Wrong (Right; Jock is the most hord-working of oll of them) 3)Wrong (Right; Hos she olwoys lived here?)
4) Risht

EXERCTTTUL 2
l)b;2)o;3)b;4)b
ScEno 2: Who knows whot hos chonged since then? Television Progrsmmes
LET'S TAIK
Sd infelegem (pog. 5'l)
1)o;2)c;3)b;4)b
The City of London
Exercilii (pog. 58)
Sd infelegem (pog. 66)
EXERCTTTUt 3
1) Wrong (Right; Yesterdoy Jock's ounl come to visit)
1) Folse; 2) Folse; 3)True; 4lTrue; 5) Folse
2) Wrong (Right; Alice hos gone to buy some wine)
Exercilii (pog. 71)
3)Wrong (Right; Alice ond Jock hove often spoken oboui her)
4) Risht EXERCTTTUt r
'l) b; 2) o; 3) b; 4) c; 5) o; 6) b; 7) b; 8) b; 9) o; 10) b
EXERCtTtUt 4
1lc;21 b;3)c;4)o EXERCTTTUT 2
llb; 2l b 3) b; 4) o
Television Progrommes
LET'S TALK

Migrolion

Sd infelegem (pog. 78)

1) Folse; 2) Folse; 3) True; 4) True; 5) True

Exerci;ii (pos. 83)

EXERCtTtUt I
1) o; 2) b; 3) b; 4) o; 5) b; 6) o; 7) o; 8) o; 9) b;

EXERCtTtUT 2
1lo;2lo;3)o;4)b
 ,bod,cn)
Structura cursului
incepitori nivel unu (2 incepatori nivel doi O incepdtori nivel trei @ incepatori

nivel patru Cli) El"rn.ntur nivel unu (l El.-"ntur nivel doi @ Ei.rrr.rltur nivel trei
(.! Elementar nivel parm @ Intermediar 1 nivel .rno @ Interrnediar 1 nivel doi
@ Ir.t..*"diar 1 nivel tr.i @ Interrnecliar 1 nivel patru @ Ir-rte.-.diar 2 nivel unu
@ Int.r-ediar 2 nivel aol @ Intermediar 2 nivel trei @ I.tt.r-.diar
2 nivel patru

@ Inte .mediar 2 nivel cinci @ Avansali nivel .rnn 6D Alru,tsatri nivel doi
E Avansali nivel trei @ Avun.utri nivel patru EAvansa-ti nivel cinci

In acest aolum
Lec{ia 9 - That's life! Are you really sisters?
Rec a.pi.tulare a comp aratiu ului' Rec aPi tularea s uperhti.u ului
Lecfia 10 - That's life! One of those daJs
,,Present PerJect" . Iblosi,rea,,Present Perfect"
Proqrame TV - Let's talk The City of London
Programe TV - Let's talk: Migration

ENGLISil'I'ODAYESTE UN INSTRTJMENT DE LLT(]RU ESENI'IAT,

iN pRrcarmtA DTvERSEI-oR ELAMENE $I TESTE lE r-rr'rsA BNcI-[,zA
CERI]'IE PENTRU A S'TTIDIA SI A LU(]RA iN ST'NETNATATN