1. Felul substantivelor
Substantivele n limba englez (The Noun) pot fi mpr ite n patru
categorii principale:
a. substantive comune - dog (cine), cat (pisic), boy (biat), girl (fat),
table (mas)
b. substantive proprii - England (Anglia), London (Londra), Marius
(nume proprii)
c. substantive abstracte - love (iubire), courage (curaj), joy (bucurie)
d. substantive colective - team (echipa), crowd (multime), group (grup)
2. Genul substantivelor
n limba englez sunt 4 genuri de substantive: masculin, feminin, neutru i
comun.
1. Substantive de genul masculin sunt fiinele i animalele de sex
masculin:
- Ex.: man, (brbat), boy(biat), horse (cal), lion (leu)
2. Substantivele de genul feminin sunt fiinele i animalele de sex feminin :
- Ex.: woman (femeie), girl (fat), cat (pisic)
3. Substantive de genul neutru sunt lucrurile, plantele, animale sau fiin e
al cror sex nu este cunoscut (folosesc pronumele: it /they):
- Ex.: world (lumea), peace (pace), house (casa), mouse (oarece)
4. Substantivele de genul comun sunt o particularitate a limbii engleze,
acestea au aceeai form pentru ambele sexe:
- Ex.: child (copil, copil), cook (bucatar, buctreas), teacher
(profesor, profesoar).
Singularul este forma de baz a unui substantiv: dog, girl, wife, world,
storm (furtuna).
Pluralul neregulat
Sunt unele substantive care formeaz forma de plural neregulat.
- Substantive terminate n ,,consoan + y formeaz pluralul cu ,,ies:
Ex.: company - companies (companii), factory - factories (fabrici), baby
- babies (bebelui)
- Unele substantive terminate n ,,o fac plural prin adugarea unui ,,s:
Ex.: soprano - sopranos (soprane), piano - pianos (piane), photo -
photos (fotografii)
- Unele substantive terminate n ,,f sau ,,fe vor avea la plural schimbarea
n ,,ves:
Ex.: leaf - leaves (frunze), half - halves (jumti), wife - wives, life - lives
(viei), self - selves (insine), wolf - wolves (lupi)
Excepii: roof - roofs (acoperiuri), handkerchief - handkerchiefs (batiste),
gulf - gulfs (golfuri, prpastii), wharf - wharfs/ wharves (debarcadere)
- Abrevierile sau iniialele vor forma pluralul prin adugarea unui ,,s:
Ex.: MPs (Members of Parliament), VIPs (very important persons)
a) n expresii temporale:
Ex.: yesterday's newspaper (ziarul de ieri),
in five years' time (n timp de 5 ani),
ten minutes' break (pauza de zece minute)
You can buy this at the baker's (shop). - Poi cumpra asta la brutrie.
Mary bought her tickets at the travel agent's (office). - Maria a cumprat
bilete ei la agenia de turism.
The kids went to Bobby's (house). - Copii au plecat la Bobby (acas).
De exemplu:
Her hair is black. - Prul ei este negru.
She found a hair in the brush. - A gsit un fir de pr n perie.
Their house was made of wood. - Casa lor este din lemn.
We picnicked in the woods. - Am mers la picnic n padure.
?
1. book (carte)
?
2. shelf (raft)
?
3. toy (jucarie)
?
4. man (barbat)
?
5. tourist (turist)
?
6. child (copil)
?
7. story (poveste)
?
8. flower (floare)
?
9. schoolboy (elev, scolar)
?
10. brother-in-law (cumnat)
?
11. milkman (laptar)
?
12. horse race (cal de cursa)
?
13. footstep (pas, urma de pas)
?
14. woman dentist (dentista)
?
15. bedroom (domitor)
Teste engleza, gramatica: exercitii substantive incepatori.
3. male (mascul)
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6. uncle (unchi)
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7. father (tata)
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8. brother (frate)
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9. bull (taur)
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4. Am o floare
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5. He goes to school.
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7. I love my family.
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9. El planteaza un pom.
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