THE

CENTURY DICTIONARY
AND

CYCLOPEDIA
A WORK OF UNIVERSAL REFERENCE
IN ALL DEPARTMENTS OF KNOWLEDGE
WITH A NEW ATLAS OF THE WORLD

IN TEN VOLUMES
VOLUME I

PUBLISHED BY
C|)e Centurj) Co*
NEW YORK
Copyright, 1S89, IS'JO, ISOl, 1894, 1895, 189(5, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 190:i, 1904,

By The Century Co.

All Xighls Rcsened.

PUBLISHERS' NOTE ON THE COMPLETED WORK

With the publication of tlie Atlas which is incorporated in the present edition The Century Diction-
ary and Cyclopedia was brought to completion. As the Cyclopedia of Names grew out of the Dictionary
and supplemented it on its encyclopedic side, so the Atlas grew out of the Cyclopedia, and serves as an
extension of its geographical material. Each of these works deals with a different part of the great field
of words, common
words and names, while the three, in their unity, constitute a work of reference
which practically covers the whole of that field. The total number of words and names defined or other-
wise described in the completed work is about 4';o,ooo.

The special features of each of these several parts of the book are described in tlie Prefaces which will
be found in the first, ninth, and tenth volumes. It need only be said that the definitions of the common
words of the language are for the most part stated encyclopedically, with a vast amount of technical,
historical, and practical information in addition to an unrivaled wealth of purely philological material;

that the same encyclopedic method is applied to proper names

names of persons, places, characters in
fiction, books in short, of everything to which a name is given; and that in the Atlas geographical

names, and much besides, are exhibited with a completeness and serviceableness seldom equaled. Of
The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia as a whole, therefore, it may be said that it is in its own field
the most complete presentation ofhuman knowledge scientific, historical, and practical that exists.
Moreover, the method of distributing this encyclopedic material under a large number of headings,
which has been followed throughout, makes each item of this great store of information far more acces-
sible than in works in which a different system is adopted.
The first edition of The Century Dictionary was completed in 1891, that ot The Century Cyclopedia of
Names in 1894, and that of the Atlas in 1897. During the years that have elapsed since those dates each
of these works has been subjected to repeated careful revisions, in order to iiidude the latest information,
and the results of this scrutiny are comprised in this edition.
 THE.
CENTURY DICTIONARY
AN ENCYCLOPEDIC LEXICON
OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERINTENDENCE OF

WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY, Ph.D., LL.D.
PROFESSOR OF COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY AND SANSKRIT
IN YALE UNIVERSITY

PUBLISHED BY
'Cf)e Century) Co,
NEW YORK
Copyright, 1889, iSgo, 1891, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1899, 1900, 1901, 190:2, iqo5, 1904, by The Century Co.
All Rights Reserved.

By permission of Messrs. Blackie & Son, publishers of The Imperial Dictionary by Dr. Ogilvie and
Dr. Annandale, material from that English copyright work has been freely used in the preparation of
The Century Dictionary, and certain owners of American copyrights having claimed that undue use of
matter so protected has been made in the compilation of The Imperial Dictionary, notice is hereby
given that arrangement has also been made with the proprietors of such copyright matter for its use

in the preparation of The Century Dictionary.

TMI DEVINNC PftLM.

 LIST OF COLLABORATORS:
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF,
WILLIAM D. WHITNEY, Ph. D., LL. D.'

MANAGING EDITOR,
BENJAMIN E. SMITH, A. M., L. H. D.

EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS,
FRANKLIN H. HOOPER, A. B. JOHN W. PALMER, M. D.
ROBERT LILLEY, D. C. L. CHARLES P. G. SCOTT, Ph. D.
THOMAS W. LUDLOW, A. M." FRANCIS A. TEALL, A. M.*
KATHARINE B. WOOD.

EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTORS,
AUSTIN ABBOTT, LL. D.* EDWARD H. JENKINS, Ph. D. RUSSELL STURGIS, A. M.
Director of the Connecticut Agricultural Late Professor of Architecture and the Arts
Law; Legal and Political Institutions, Experiment Station. of Design in the College of the City of
Chemistry.
New York.
LYMAN ABBOTT, D. D. Decorative Art; Ceramics; Medie-
Theology; Liturgies; Ecclesiastical
FRANK H. KNOWLTON, Ph. D. val Archaology; Heraldry; Cos-
History. Paleontologist, U. S. Geological Survey. tumes.

Cryptogamic Botany, H-Z.

CHARLES BARNARD, JAMES K. THACHER, M. D.*
Tools and Machines. Professor of Physiology and Clinical Medi-
GEORGE F. KUNZ, A. M. cine in Yale University.
Gems; Lapidary Work. Physiology; Medicine; Surgery;
ALBERT S. BOLLES, Ph. D. Hutnan Anatomy; Histology.
Late Professorof Mercantile Law and Practice
in the Wharton School of Finance and
THOMAS R. LOUNSBURY, LL. D.,L.H.D.
Professor of English in the Sheffield Scientific
Economy, University of Pennsylvania.
Commerce; Finance.
School, Yale University. ROBERT H. THURSTON,
Middle English (Chaucer). LL. D., Doc. Eng.
Director of Sibley College, Cornell Uni-
ELLIOTT COUES, M. D., Ph. D.* THOMAS W. LUDLOW, A. M. versity.

Late Professor of Anatomy in the National Architecture; Sculpture; Greek and General Technology.
Medical College. Rotnan Archaology.
General Zoology; Biology; Compar-
ative Anatomy. DAVID A. LYLE, Major, U. S. A. LESTER F. WARD, A. M., LL. D.
Military Terms. Paleontologist, U. S. Geological Survey;
Honorary Curator of Botany and Fossil

EDWARD S. DANA, Ph. D. THOMAS C. MENDENHALL, Plants, U. S. National Museimi.

Professor of Physics in Yale University. Ph. D.,LL. D. Botany, H-Z.

Late President of Worcester Polytechnic
Physics; Mineralogy. Institute.
Electricity. SERENO WATSON, Ph. D."
Curator of the Herbarium, Harvard Uni-
ISAAC W. DRUMMOND, E. M., Ph.D. CHARLES S. PEIRCE, S. B., A. M. versity.
Pigments; Dyes; Dyeing, Late Lecturer on Logic at the Johns Hop-
etc.
kins University, and of the U. S. Coast
Botany, A-G.
and Geodetic Survey.
THEODORE N. GILL, M. D., Ph. D. Logic; Metaphysics; Mathematics;
HENRY M. WHITNEY, A. M.
Professor of Zoology in the Columbian Uni- Mechanics; Astronomy; Weights
versity.
Late Professorof Englisli Literatiure in Beloit
and Measures. College.
Ichthyology; Conchology.
CHARLES C. PERKINS, A. B."
Synonyms.
Painting; Engraving; Etching.
FRANCIS M. GREEN, Com'r U. S. N.* WHITNEY,
JOSIAH D. LL. D.*
Naval a7td Nautical Terms. WALDO S. PRATT, A. M. Professor of Geology, Harvard University.
Professor Worship, Hymnology, and
of
Sacred Music in the Hartford Theo- Geology; Lithology; Mining; Metals
JAMES A. HARRISON, Litt. D., LL.D. logical Seminary. and Metallurgy; Physical Geogra-
Professorof English and Romance Languages Mtisic. phy; Fossil Botany.
in the University of Virginia.

Contributions to the Etymologies {in CHARLES P. G. SCOTT, Ph. D.

the last Quarter of the Alphabet). Etymologies. WILLIAM D. WHITNEY, Ph. D., LL.D.*
Professor of Comparative Philology and San-
J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, Ph. D., LL.D. ARTHUR B. SEYMOUR, S. M. skrit in Yale University.
Head of the Department of History in the Assistant in the Cn,'ptogamic Herbarium, Spelling; Pronu7iciation; Gram-
University of Chicago. Harvard University. mar; Comparative Philology;
History of the United States. Cryptogamic Botany, A-G. Ethnology; Anthropology.
* Deceased.
DEPARTMENT OF ILLUSTRATIONS,
WILLIAM LEWIS ERASER.
 PREFACE.
HE plan of The Centdey Dictionaey includes three things: the constrnction of a
general dictionary of the English language which shall be serviceable for every literary
and practical use; a more complete collection of the technical terms of the various
sciences, arts, trades, and professions than has yet been attempted ; and the addition to
the definitions proper of such related encyclopedic matter, with pictorial illustrations,
as shall constitute a convenientbook of general reference. The attempt to accomplish these ends, and
at the same time to produce a harmonious whole, has determined both the general character of the
work and its details. This design originated early in 1882 in a proposal to adapt The Imperial
Dictionary to American needs, made by Mr. Roswell Smith, President of The Centmy Co., who has
supported with unfailing faith and the largest liberality the plans of the editors as they have gradually
extended far beyond the original limits.

The most obvious result of this plan is a very large addition to the voeabulaiy of preceding
dictionaries, about two hundred thousand words being here defined. The first duty of a comprehensive
dictionary is collection, not selection. When a fuU account of the language is sought, every omis-
sion of a genuine English form, even when practically necessary, is so far a defect ; and
^""^ *^'
it is therefore better to err on the side of broad inclusiveness than of narrow exclusive- ^

ness. This is the attitude of The Century Dictionaey. It is designed to be a practically complete
record of the main body of English speech, from the time of the mingling of the Old French and
Anglo-Saxon to the present day, with such of its offshoots as possess historical, etymological, literary,
The execution of this design demands that more space be given to obso-
scientific, or practical value.

lete words and forms than has hitherto been the rule in dictionaries. This is especially
Obsolete words.
true of Middle English words (and particularly of the vocabulary of Chaucer), which
represent a stage of the language that is not only of high interest in itself, but is also intimately con-
nected, etymologically and otherwise, with living speech. Only a few of these words are contained in
existing dictionaries. This is the case also, to a great degree, with the language of much later
times. The literature of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the formative period of modern
English, abounds in words and idioms hitherto unrecorded by lexicographers. Not to include all of these
terms which from their etymological connections, intrinsic literary value, or availability
for modern use, are worthy of record, '
is to make, not a dictionary of English,
./ o but ;
Dialectal and pro-
vlncial words.
merely a dictionary of modern and selected English. A similar reason has led to the
admission of au unusually large number of dialectal and provincial words. Until about the time of
the Eeformation the language existed chiefly in the form of dialects and while the common literary ;

tongue was establishing itself, and after it became established, its relations with dialectal and provincial
forms were most intimate. Many " literary " words sank to the position of provincialisms, and on the
other hand provincialisms rose to literary rank
a process which has been continuous to the present
day. Thus both historically and with regard to present usage it is impossible to draw a hard and fast
 ;

VI PEEFACE.

linebetween these two sides of the language, either with respect to words or to their individual senses.
This dictionary, therefore, includes words of dialectal form or provincial use which appear to be an
important part of the history of the language. Within the sphere of mere colloquialism, slang, and
cant, a much narrower rule of inclusion has, of course, been followed; but colloquialism and even
slang must be noticed by the lexicographer who desires to portray the language in its

couoqmaiisin and uatm'al and full outlines, and these phases of English have therefoi-e been treated with
slang; American-
liberality. Amcricanisms, especially, have received the recognition natm*ally to be
expected from an American dictionary, many being recorded for the firston thetime ;

other hand, many words and uses heretofore regarded as peculiar to this country have been found to
be svu-vivals of older or provincial English, or to have gained a foothold in broader English use.
Another notable increase in the vocabulary is that due to the admission of the many terms which have
come into existence during the present century especially during the last twenty years in connection
with the advance in departments of knowledge and labor, scientific, artistic, professional, mechanical,
all

and practical. This increase is nowhere more conspicuous than in the language of the
Scientific and tech-
piiygical
r scieuces, and of those departments of study, such as archaeology, which are con-
nical terms- -

and customs of the past. Not only have English words been coined in
cerned with the life

astonishing numbers, but many words of foreign origin or form, especially New Latin and French, have
been imported for real or imaginary needs. To consign these terms to special glossaries is unduly to
restrict the dictionary at the point at which it comes into the closest contact with what is vital and

interesting in contemporary thought and life it is also practically impossible, for this technical language
;

is, in numberless instances, too closely interwoven with common speech to be dissevered from it. A
similar increase is noticeable in the language of the mechanical arts and trades. The progress of inven-
tion has brought nearly as great a flood of new words and senses as has the progress of science. To
exclude this language of the shop and the market from a general English dictionary is as undesirable
as to exclude that of science, and for similar reasons. Both these lines of development have therefore
been recorded with gi-eat fullness. There is also a considerable number of foreign words Latin,
French, and other not in technical use, which have been admitted because they either have become
estabUshed in English literature or stand for noteworthy things tliat have no English names. Lastly,
the individual words have been supplemented by the insertion of idiomatical phrases that are not fully
explained by the definitions of their component parts alone, and have in use the force of single words
and of the numerous phrase-names used in the arts and sciences. The number of these phrases here
defined is very large.
No English dictionary, however, can well include every word or every form of a word that has
been used by any English writer or speaker. Tliere is a very large nuinber of words and forms dis-

coverable in the literature of all periods of the language, in the various dialects, and in colloquial
use, whicli have no practical claim upon the notice of the lexicographer. A largo
word th^muirt gi'oup uot meriting inclusion consists of words used only for the nonce by writers of
all periods and of all degi'ces of authority, and especially by recent writers in news-
papers and other ephemeral puljjications ; of words intended by their inventors for wider use in jiopular
or technical speech, but which have not been accepted; and of many names of things, as of
special
many chemical compounds, of many inventions, of patented commercial articles, and the like. Yet
another group is composcrl of many snbst;mtivo uses of adjectives, adjective uses of substantives
(as of nouns of niuterial), participial adjectives, verbal nouns ending in -imj, abstract nouns ending
in -ness, adverbs ijnding in -li/ from adjectives, adjectives ending in -ish, regular compounds, etc.,

whir-h can bo used at will in accordance with the established princii)los ol' the language, but which
are too obvious, both inmeaning and formation, and often too occasional in use, to need separate
definition. So also collocjuial words must be excluded, so far as they stand
dialectal, provincial, or

out of vital relation to tlu; main body of the language which it is the object of a general dic-
tionary to explain. The special limitations of the technical and scientific vocabulary will bo men-
tioned later.
 PREFACE. YTj

None of these considerations is of the nature of a definite rule that can be used with precision
in all cases. On the contrary, the question whether a word shall be included, even in a dictionary
so comprehensive as this, must often be decided by the special circumstances of the case.

The sources of the English vocabulary thus presented are extremely various. No other tongue,
ancient or modern, has appeared in so many and so different phases; and no other people of high
civilization has so completely disregarded the barriers of race and circumstance and adopted into its
speech so great a number of unnative words and notions. The makihg of the
tymoogies.
English language began, it may be said, with the introduction of Roman rule and
Roman speech among the barbarous Celts of Britain. The Latin language, as the vehicle of civil-
ization, affected strongly the Celtic, and also the speech of the Teutonic peoples, Saxons, Angles,
and Jutes, who in the fifth century obtained a footing on the island. This Teutonic tongue, while
assimilating something both of the native Celtic idiom, and of Latin in a Celtic guise, in time
became the dominant language. The speech thus formed (called Anglo-Saxon or, as some now
prefer, Old English) was raised almost to classic rank by the labors Of Alfred and of the numerous
priests and scholars who sought to convey to their countrymen in their native language the treasures
of Latin learning and the precepts of the Latin Church. Though uniting in the ninth century with an
influx of Scandinavian speech, and in the eleventh century, through the Norman conquest, with the
stream which flowed through France from Rome, it remained the chief fountain of English. From these
two elements, the Teutonic and the Latin (the latter both in its original form and as modified in the
Romance tongues), our language has been constructed; though materials more or less important have
been borrowed from almost every known speech.
The details of this history are exhibited in the etymologies. They have been written anew, on a
uniform plan, and in accordance with the established principles of comparative philology. The best
works in English etymology, as well as in etymology and philology in general, have been regularly

consulted, the most helpful being those of Prof. Skeat and Eduard Miiller, and the "New English
Dictionary on H'istorical Principles," edited by Dr. J. A. H. Murray (which, however, could be con-
sulted in revising the proofs of A and of part of B only) ; but the conclusions reached are independent.
It has been possible, by means of the fresh material at the disposal of the etymologist, to clear up
in many cases doubts or difficulties hitherto resting upon the history of particular words, to decide
definitely in favor of one of several suggested etymologies, to discard numerous current errors, and
to give for the first time the history of many words of which the etymologies were previously
unknown or erroneously stated. Noteworthy featm-es of the etymologies will be found
Method of etymo-
to be the method followed in ^ the
stating ascertained facts of the history
'
of each
logical statement.
word, and the extensive collation of cognate or allied words. Beginning with the
current accepted form or spelling, each important word has been traced back through earlier forms
to its remotest known origin. Middle English forms are given, in important cases in numerous
variants for the four centuries included in that period, and are traced to the Anglo-Saxon (in which
are given the typical forms, with the important variants and the oldest glosses) or, as the case may
be, to the Old French, including in special instances the Old French as developed in England, or

Anglo-French. The derivation of the Anglo-Saxon or French form is then given. When an Anglo-
Saxon or other Teutonic form is mentioned, the cognate forms are given from the Old Saxon, the
Old Friesic, the Dutch, Low German, High German, and Icelandic in their several periods, the Swedish
(and often the Norwegian), the Danish, and the Gothic. The same form of statement is used with
the Romance and other groups of forms
the Old French and modern French, the Provencal, the
Spanish, the Portuguese, the Italian, and sometimes in special instances the WaUachian and other
Romance forms, being given in a regular order, and derived together from their Latin or other source.
With the Latin are mentioned the Greek cognates, if any such existed, the Slavic forms, if concerned,
and the Sanskrit, Persian, etc. If the Ai-abic or Hebrew is reached, other Semitic forms are sometimes
viii PREFACE.

stated. The rule has been to deduce from a comparison of all the principal forms the primitive sense

or form, and also to make Of course,

the process of inference clear to the consulter of the dictionary.
in a search through so vast a field, in which the paths of words have been in many instances effectu-

allv obliterated or confused, many points of uncertainty remain; but from the e-\ddence at hand
various degrees of approximation to certainty can be established, and these it has been sought clearly
to indicate by terms of qualification. The various prefixes and suffixes used in the formation of English
words are treated very fully in separate articles.
There are thus two distinct gi-oups of forms in the etymologies: those in the line of derivation or
direct descent, and those in the lines of cognation or collateral descent. A Greek word, for example,
may occur not only in Anglo-Saxon (and Enghsh), but also in other Teutonic and in Eomauce and
other tongues, and the full account of the English form requii'es the mention of the
The symbols used.
^^^^ important of thcse other forms as "parallel with" or "equal to" the Anglo-
Saxon and EngUsh. To separate these groups more plainly to thought and to the eye, and to
save the space which would be taken up by the frequent repetition of the words "from," "parallel
with," and "whence," distinctive symbols are used. For "from" is used the sign <, denoting that the
form without the angle is derived fi'om the form within it ; for " whence," the sign > , with a similar
significance ; for " parallel with " or " equal to " or " cognate with," the familiar sign of equality, = ; for
the word "root," the ordinary algebraic symbol -v/-
^^ asterisk * is prefixed uniformly to all forms
which are cited either as probable or as theoretical, or as merely alleged ; it indicates in all cases that
the form so marked has not been found by the etymologist in the records of the language concerned,
or in its dictionaries. But in some cases words are marked with the asterisk which are found in certain
dictionaries, but have not been verified in the actual literature. Special care has been taken with the
Anglo-Saxon words, unverified forms of which exist in the current dictionaries, some of them probably
genuine, though not found in any of the accessible texts, and others due to early errors of editors and
dictionary-makers.
Words of various origin and meaning, but of the same spelling (homonyms), have been distinguished
by small superior figures (\ ^, etc.). Such words abound in English. They arc mostly common
",

monosyllables, and much confusion exists not only in the explanation of them but also in their use,
words of diverse origin having been, in many cases, regarded as one, with consequent
omonyms.
entanglement or complete merging of meanings. In numbering these homonyms, the
rule has been to give jireecdence to the oldest or the most familiar, or to that one which is most nearly
English in origin. The superior numbers apply not so much to the individual word as to the gi-oup or
root to which it belongs ; numbered alike
hence the different gi-ammatical uses of the same homonym are
when they are separately entered in the dictionary. Thus verbs and nouns of the same origin and the
same present spelliiig receive the same superior number. But when two words of the same form, and of
the same radical origin, now differ considerably in meaning, so as to be used as different words, they are
separately numbered.
The etymologies have Vjeen written by Dr. Charles P. G. Scott, with the assistance, in the later
parts of the work, of contributions from Prof. James A. Harrison, Piof. William M. Baskervill,
Prof, Francis A. March, Jr., and others. In ascertaining the particular facts with regard to the
origin of technical terms, nmcii aid has been given by the specialists in charge of the various
departments.

Of the great body of words constituting the f.iiniliar language tlio spoiling is determined by well-
ostablishnd usngo, and, howi-vcr accidental and nnacceijtiihlo, in many cases, it may bo, and however
much of sympathy and well-willing may he due to the efforts now making to introduce a reform, it is

not the ofTu-e of a dictionary like this to projiose improvements, or to a(U)])t those which have been
proposed, and have not yet won some degree of acceptance and use. But there are also considerable
classes as to whi(!h usage is wavering, more than one form being sanctioned by excellent authorities.
 ;

PREFACE. ix

either in this country or in Great Bi'itain, or in both. Familiar examples are words ending in -or
or -o%r (as labor, labour), in -er or -re (as center, centre), in -i^e or -ise (as civilise, civilise) ; those
having a single or double consonant after an unaccented vowel (as traveler, traveller; tvorshiped, wor-
shipped), or spelt with e or with ce or m (as hemorrharje, diarrhea; hcemorrhage, diar-
^^^ ^'
rhoea) ; and so on. In such cases, both forms are given, with an expressed preference for "^

the briefer one, or the one more accordant with native analogies. The language is struggling toward
a more consistent and phonetic spelling, and it is proper, in disputed and doubtful eases, to cast the
influence of the dictionary in favor of this movement, both by
body of the text, its own usage in the
and at the head of articles by the order of forms, or the selection of the form under which the word
shall be treated. Technical words not in general use, and words introduced from other languages,
have also their varieties of orthographic form the former, in part, because of the ignorance or care-
:

lessness of those who have made adaptations from Latin or Greek the latter, because of the different ;

styles of transliteration or imitation adopted. In such cases, slight variants are here sometimes dis-
regarded, the more correct form being given alone, or with mere mention of others ; in other cases, the
dift'erentforms are given, with cross references to the preferred one, under which the word is treated.
Finally, the obsolete words which have no accepted spelling, but occur only in the variety of forms
characteristic of the periods from which they come, are treated regularly under that form which is

nearest to, or most analogous with, present English,

and the quotations, of whatever form, are as a
rule presented there; side-forms are entered as liberally as seemed in any measure desirable, with
references to the one preferred. AU citations, however, are given in the orthography (though not
always with the punctuation) of the texts from which they are taken.

StiU greater than the variation in the orthography, even the accepted orthography, of English
words, is the variation in the pronunciation. And here the same general principles must govern the
usage of the dictionary. No attempt is made to record all the varieties of popular, or even of educated,
utterance, or to report the determinations made by different recognized authorities.
e pronunciation,
It has been necessary, rather, to make a selection of words to which alternative pro-
nunciations should be accorded, and to give preference among these according to the circumstances
of each particular case, view of the general analogies and tendencies of English utterance. A
in
large number of scientific names and terms
words that are written rather than uttered, even by
those who use them most
are here entered and have a pronunciation noted for the first time.
For such words no prescriptive usage can be claimed to exist the pronunciation must be deter- ;

mined by the analogies of words more properly English, or by those governing kindred and more
common words from the same sources. With respect to many foreign words, moi'e or less used as
English, it is often questionable how far usage has given them an English pronunciation, or has
modified in the direction of English the sound belonging to them where they are vernacular. In
not a few instances a twofold pronunciation is indicated for them, one Anglicized and the other
original. Words of present provincial use are for the most part pronounced according to literary
analogies, without regard to the varieties of their local utterance. The principal exceptions are
Scotch words having a certain literary standing (owing to their use especially by Scott and Burns)
these are more carefully marked for theii" provincial pronunciation. Wholly obsolete words are left

unmarked.
There are certain difiicult points in varying English utterance, the treatment of which by the
dictionary calls for special explanation. One is the so-called "long " (as in use, muse, cure), repre-
sented here, as almost everywhere, by u. In its full pronunciation, this is as precisely yoo {yd) as if

wi'itten with the two characters. But there has long existed a tendency to lessen or remove the
^/-element ofthe combination in certain situations unfavorable to its production. After an r, this
tendency has worked itself fully out the pronunciation oo {6) has taken the place of u in that situa-
;

tion so generally as to be alone accepted by all recent authorities (although some speakers stiU. show
X .
PREFACE.

plain traces of the older utterance). The same has happened, in a less degi'ee, after I, and some of the
latest authorities (even in England) prescribe always loo (Id) ir stead of Ifi ; so radical a change has

not been ventured upon in this -work, in which o is written only after an I that is preceded by
another consonant cultivated pronunciation is much less uniform here than in
: tlie

General variations of preceding case. But fm-ther, after the other so-called dental consonants t, d, n, s, z,

^ert^T^e^^ cxccpt in Syllables immediately following an accent, the usage of the majority of
good speakers tends to reduce the ^/-element to a lighter and less noticeable form,
while many omit it altogether, pronouncing oo (o). Of this class of discordances no account is
taken in the re-spellings for pronunciation usage is in too fluid and vacillatiug a condition to
;

be successfully represented. After the sounds ch, j, sh, zh, however, only o is acknowledged. Another
case is that of the /. Besides local differences in regard to the point of production in the mouth,
and to the presence, or degi-ee, of trilling in its utterance, a very large numbei', including some
of the sections of most authoritative usage, on both sides of the Atlantic, do not really utter the
r-sound at all unless it be immediately followed by a vowel (in the same or a succeeding word), but
either silence it altogether or convert it into a neutral-vowel sound (that of hut or hoi). The muti-
lation thus described is not in this dictionary, but r is eveiywhere wiitteu where it
acknowledged
has tUl recently been pronounced by
and it is left for the future to determine which party of the
all;

speakers of the language shall win the upper hand. The distinction of the two shades of neutral-
vowel sound in liiit and hurt, which many authorities, especially in England, ignore or neglect, is, as
a matter of course, made in this work. The latter, or /<r^sound, is found in English words only
before r in the same syllable; but it is also a better correspondent to the French eu and "mute e"
sounds than is the former, or //^sound. In like manner, the air-sound is distinguished (as a) from the
ordinary e- or a-sounds. Further, the two sounds written with o in sot and song are held apart through-
out, the latter (marked with 6) being admitted not only before r (as in nor), but in many other situations,
where common good usage puts it. But as there is a growing tendency in the language to turn o into
6, the line between the two sounds is a variable one, and the 6 (on this account distinguished from d,

with which from a phonetic point of view it is practically identical) must be taken as marking an
o-sound which in a part of good usage is simple o. A similar character belongs to the so-called " inter-
mediate a " of ask, can't, command, and their like, which with many good speakers has the full rt-sound.
{ot far, etc.), and also by many is flattened quite to the "short a" ol fat, etc. This is signified by d,
which, as applied to English words, should bo regarded rather as pointing out the varying utterance
here described than as imperatively prescribing any shade of it.

On the side of consonant utterance, there is a very large class of cases where it can be made a
question whether a pure t or d or s or z is pronounced with an i- or 7/-sound after it before another vowel,
or whether the consonant is fused together with the i or i/ into the sounds ch, j, sh, or sh respectively
for example, whether we say nature or nachur, gradual or grajoaJ, sure or shor, vmial
The pronunciation or vlzhHal. There are many such words in which accepted usage has fully ranged
of certain conoo-
i<> i i i
nanu. itself ou the side of the fused pronunciation : for example, vizhon, not vizion, for
vision; azhur, not aztire, for azure; but with regard to the great majority usage is less
decided, or else the one pronunciation is given in ordinary easy utterance and the other when sjjeaking

with (lolibfration or laVorod plainness, or else the fused pronunciation is used without the fact being
acknowledged. For such cases is introduced here a special mark under the consonant thus, t, d, s, z
which intended to signify that in elaborate or strained utterance the consonant has its own proper
is

value, but in ordinary styles of speaking combines with the following /-element into the fused sound.
The mark is not used unless the fused sound is admissible in gooil cotmiion speech.
Thi.s same device, of a mark added beneath to indicate a familiar utterance different from an
elaborate or forced one, is introduced by this dictionary on a very largo scale in marking the sounds of
the vowels. One most peculiar characteristics of Englisli pronuiKiiation is the way in which it
of the
slights the vowcils of most unaccented syllables, not merely lightening them in point of quantity and
stress, but changing their (piality of sound. To wnUi (as systems of re-spelling for pronunciation, and
 PREFACE. XI

even systems of phonetic spelling, generally do) tlie vowels of unaccented syllables as if they were
accented, is a distortion, and to pronounce them as so wi-itten would be a caricature of English speech.
There are two degrees of this transformation. In the first, the general vowel quality of a long vowel
remains, but is modified toward or to the corresponding (natural) short: thus, a
and lose their usual vanish (of e and o respectively), and become, the one e (even, in voweis in unac-
. cented syllables.
some final syllables, the yet thinner t), the other the true short o (which, in accented
syllables, occurs New England pronunciation of home, whole, etc.) e and o
only provincially, as in the ;

(of food) and u (of good) a or 6 become (more rarely) o. This first degree of change is
become i ;

marked by a single dot under the vowel: thus, a, e, g, u, g, 6. In the second degree, the vowel loses
its specific quality altogether, and is reduced to a neutral sound, the slightly uttered u (of hut) or e

(of hurt). This change occurs mainly in short vowels (especially a, o, less often e, but i chiefly in the
ending -ity) ; but also sometimes in long vowels (especially u and a). This second degree of alteration
is marked by a double dot under the vowel: thus, a, e, g, i, a, u. Accordingly, the dots show that
while in very elaborate utterance the vowel is sounded as mai'ked without them, in the various degrees
of inferior elaborateness it ranges down to the shortened or to the neutralized vowel respectively; and
it is intended that the dots shall mark, not a careless and slovenly, but only an ordinary and idiomatic
utterance not that of hasty conversation, but that of plain speaking, or of reading aloud with dis-
tinctness. In careless talk there is a yet wider reduction to the neutral sound. It must be clearly
understood and borne in mind that these changes are the accompaniment and effect of a lightening

and slighting of utterance ; to pronounce with any stress the syllables thus marked would be just as
great a caricature as to pronounce them with stress as marked above the letter.

In the preparation of the definitions of common words there has been at hand, besides the material
generally accessible to students of the language, a special collection of quotations selected for this work
from English books of all kinds and of all periods of the language, which is probably much larger
than any that has hitherto been made for the use of an English dictionary, except
Definitions of com-
that accumulated for the Philological Society of London. From this source much mou words.
fresh lexicographical matter has been obtained, which appears not only in hitherto
unrecorded words and senses, but also, it is believed, in the greater conformity of the definitions
as a whole to the facts of the language. In general, the attempt has been made to portray the language
as it actually is, separating more or less sharply those senses of each word which are really distinct,
but avoiding that over-refinement of analysis which tends rather to confusion than to clearness. Special
scientific and technical uses of words have, however, often been separately numbered, for practical
reasons, even when they do not constitute logically distinct definitions. The various senses of words
have also been classified with reference to the limitations of their use, those not found in current
literary English being described as obsolete, local, provincial, colloquial, or technical (legal, botanical,
etc.). The arrangement of the definitions historically, in the order in which the senses defined have
entered the language, is the most desirable one, and it has been adopted whenever, from the etymo-
logical and other data accessible, the historical order coidd be inferred with a considerable degree of
certainty; it has not, however, been possible to employ it in every case. The general definitions have
also been supplemented by discussions of synonyms treating of about 7000 words, contributed by
Prof. Henry M. Whitney, which will be found convenient as bringing together statements made in
the definitions in various parts of the dictionary, and also as touching in a free way upon many literary
aspects of words.
Many of the extracts mentioned above, together with
some contained in the Imperial Dictionary
and in other special works, have been employed to illustrate the meanings of words,
earlier or
or merely to establish the fact of use. They form a lai'ge collection (about 200,000) representing all
periods and branches of EngUsh literature. In many cases they will be found useful from a his-
torical point of view, though, as was intimated above, they do not furnish a complete historical
xii PREFACE.

record. All have been from the works from which they have been taken, and are furnished
verified
vrith exact references, except a few obtained from the Inqjeriai Bidionari/, which could not readily

be traced to their sources, but were of sufficient value to justify their insertion on the authority of
that work. Their dates can be ascertained approximately from the list of authors
e quotations.
^^^ works (and editions) cited, which will be published with the concluding part of
the dictionary. These quotations have been used freely wherever they have seemed to be helpful; but
it has not been possible thus to illustrate every word or every meaning of each word without an
undue increase in the bulk of the book. The omissions affect chiefly technical and ob^^ous senses.

In defining this common English vocabulary, important aid has been received from Mr. Benjamin E.
Smith, who has also had, under the editor-in-chief, the special direction and re^^siou of the work on all

parts of the dictionary, with the charge of putting the book thi-ough the press; from Mr. Francis A.
Teall, who has also aided in criticizing the proofs ; from Mr. Eobert Lilley, in the preliminary working-
up of the literary material from Dr. Charles P. G. Scott, who
as well as in the final revision of it ;

has also had special charge of the older English, and of provincial English; from Prof. Thomas E.
Lounsbury, who has contributed to the dictionary the results of a systematic reading of Chaucer; from
Dr. John W. Palmer, who has aided in revising the manuscript jjrepared for the press, and has also
contributed much special literary matter; from Prof. Henry M. Whitney, who has given assistance in
preparing the definitions of common words in certain later divisions of the work and has also examined
the proofs; from Mr. Thomas W. Ludlow; from Mr. Franklin H. Hooper; from Mr. Leighton Hoskins,
who has also contributed material for the definitions of most of the terms in prosody ; from Miss
Katharine B. Wood, who has superintended the collecting of new words and the selection and verifi-
cation of the quotations from Miss Mary L. Avery and from many others who have helped
; ; at special
points, or by criticisms and suggestions, particularly Pi'of. Charles S. Peirce and Prof. Josiah D. Whitney.

Much space has been devoted to the special terms of the various sciences, fine arts, mechanical
arts, professions, and trades, and much care has been bestowed upon their treatment. They have
been collected by an extended search through all branches of technical literature, with the design of
providing a very complete and many-sided technical dictionary. Many thousands of
DeiinitionB of tech-
\vords have thus been gathered
which have never before been recorded in a gen- "^
nlcal terms.
eral dictionary, or even in special glossaries. Their definitions are intended to be so
precise as to be of service to the specialist, and, also, to be simple and "popular" enough to be
intelligible to the layman. It is obvious, howevei', that the attempt to reconcile these aims must
impose certain limitations upon each. On tlio one hand, strictly technical forms of statement must
in many be simplified to suit the cai)acity and requirements of those who are not technically
ca.ses

trained; and, on the other, whenever (as oftfu, for example, in mathomaties, biology, and anatomy)
a true defitiition is possiljle only in technical language, or the definition concerned is of interest only
to a specialist, the question of immediate intelligibility to a layman cannot be regarded as of prime
importance. In general, however, whenever purely technical interests and the demands of popular
use obviously clash, preference has been given to the latter so far as has been possible without sacrifice
of accuracy. In many instances, to a technical definition has lte(!n added a jiopular explanation or
arriplifieation. It i.s also clear tliat the complcti'ness with which the lexieogruphic material of interest to
the specialist can Ijo given must vary greatly with' the different subjects. TIk^sc (as metaphysics,
theology, law, the fine arts, etc.) the vocabulary of wliieh consists mainly of abstract terms which are
distinctly Phiglish in foi-ni, f>f common Englisli words uscul in special senses, or of fully naturalized
foreign words, bo presented much more fully than those (as zoology, botany, chemistry,
nuiy
mineralogy, which employ groat numbers of artificial names, many of them Latin.
etc.)

The technical material has been contril)uted by the gentlemen whose names are given in tlje list of
collaborators, with the assistance at special points of many others; and all their work, after editorial
revision, has been submitted to them in one or more proofs for correction. This method of ol)taining
 PREFACE. xiii

"bothaccuracy and homogeneity has, perhaps, never before been so fully adopted and faithfully applied
in a dictionary. A few special explanations are necessary with regard to the work in several of the
technical departments.
To the biological sciences a degree of prominence has been given corresponding to the remarkable
recent increase in their vocabulary. Dui'ing the last quarter of a century there has been an extensive
reorganization and variation of the former systems of classification, from which have come thousands
off new names of genera, families, etc.; and also a profound modification of biological
The biological
conceptions, which has led both to new words and to the coinage of many
definitions of old

new words. All these terms that are English in form, and for any reason worthy of record,
have been included, and also as many of the New Latin names of classificatory groups as are essential
to a serviceable presentation of zoology and botany. The selection of the New Latin names in zoology
has been liberal as regards the higher groups, as families, orders, etc., whether now current or merely
forming a part of the history of the science but of generic names only a relatively small number have
;

been entered. Probably about 100,000 names of zoological genera exist, 60,000 at least having a definite
scientific standing; but the whole of them cannot, of course, be admitted into any dictionary. The
general rule adopted for the inclusion of such names is to admit those on which are founded the names
of higher groups, especially of families, or which are important forsome other special reason, as popular
use, an established position in works of reference, the existence of species which have popular English
names, etc. A similar rule has been adopted with regard to botanical names. The common or ver-
nacular names of animals and plants have been freely admitted; many naturalized and unnaturalized
foreign names, also, which have no English equivalents and are noteworthy for special literary, com-
mercial, or other reasons, have been included. The definitions that have a purely scientific interest

have been written from a technical point of view, the more popular information being given under
those technical names that are in familiar use or under common names. In the zoological department
is properly included anatomy in its widest sense (embracing embryology and morphology), as the science
of animal structure, external and internal, normal and abnormal. Its vocabulary necessarily includes
many Latin, or New and phrases which have no English technical equivalents.
Latin, words
The definitions of that part of general biological science which in any way relates to animal life
or structure, including systematic zoology, have been written by Dr. Elliott Coues, who has been assisted
in ichthyology and conchology by Prof. Theodore N. Gill, in entomology by Mr. Leland O. Howard
and Mr. Herbert L. Smith, and in human anatomy by Prof. James K. Thacher. Special aid has also
been received from other naturalists, particularly from Prof. Charles V. Riley, who has furnished a
number of definitions accompanying a valuable series of entomological cuts obtained from him. Prof.
Thacher has also defined all terms relating to medicine and surgery. The botanical work was under-
taken by Dr. Sereno Watson, with assistance, in cryptogamie botany, from Mr. Arthur B. Seymour, and
has been conducted by him through the letter G on account of practical considerations
; at that point,

connected with his ofiicial duties, he transferred it to Dr. Lester F. Ward. Mr. Seymour also withdrew,
his work passing, under Dr. Ward's editorship, to Prof. Frank H. Knowlton. All the definitions of the
terms of fossil botany have been written by Prof. J. D. Whitney.
In the'treatment of the physical and mathematical sciences an equally broad method has been adopted.
While their growth has, perhaps, not been so great, from a lexicographical point of view, as has that of
biology, it is certainly almost as remarkable. The remodeling and readjustment of former ideas, and
the consequent modification of the senses of old terms and the coinage of new, have
been hardly marked; whUe one department, at least
less that of chemistry
has kept

The physical and
mathematical

pace mthe invention of names (of chemical compounds) with zo51ogy and botany, lo sciences.

this must be added the almost numberless practical applications of the principles and
results of physical science. The department of electrotechnics is a marked example of the formation
within a comparatively few years of a large technical vocabulary, both scientific and mechanical. The
adequate definition of the lexicographical matter thus furnished involves a very complete presenta-
all

tion of the present status of human knowledge of these sciences. The definitions in physics have been
xiv PREFACE.

written by Prof. Edward S. Dana, with the collaboration, in eleetrotechnies, of Prof. Thomas C.
Mendenhall, and in many special points, particularly those touching upon mathematical theory, of
Prof. Charles S. Peirce. Professor Dana has also contributed the definitions of mineralogical terms,
including the names of all distinct species and He has been assisted in
also of all important varieties.
defining the names of gems and the special terms employed in lapidary work by Mr. George F. Kunz.
The lithological definitions, as also all those relating to geologj', mining, metallm-gy, and physical geog-
raphy, have been contributed by Prof. J. D. Whitney. Professor Peirce has wiitten the definitions of
terms in mechanics, mathematics, astronomy, and astrology, of weights and measures, and of the various
names of colors. In the mathematical work the aim has been to define all the older English terms, and
all the modern ones that can be considered to be in general use, or are really used by a number of
English mathematical writers, but not numerous terms that may be found only in special
all the
memoirs. All English names as well as many foreign names, have been
of weights and measures,
entered, but, as a rule, those of the latter that are at once obsolete and not of considerable importance
have been omitted. As regards chemistry, it has of com-se been impossible to include names of com-
pounds other than those that have a special technical and practical importance. The chemical definitions
have been wiitten by Dr. Edward H. Jenkins, with assistance from Dr. Isaac "W. Drummond in defining
the coal-tar colors, the various pigments, dyes, etc., and the mechanical processes of painting and dyeing.
The definitions comprehended under the head of general technology (including all branches of the
mechanical ai-ts) have been contributed by Prof. Eobert H. Thm-ston, with the collaboration, in defining
the names of many tools and machines, of Mi*. Charles Barnard, and, in various mechanical matters which
ai"e closely related to the special sciences, of the gentlemen who have been named
The mMhamcai
arts and trades.
abovc as of Prof. Meudeuhall electrical machines and appliances,
describing
in -^^ '
of
Prof. Dana and Prof. Peirce in describing physical and mathematical apparatus, of
Prof. J. D. Whitney in describing mining-tools and processes, etc. The terms used in printing and
proof-reading have been explained by Mr. F. A. Teall, with the aid of valuable contributions of material
from Mr. Theodore L. Do Vinue. Special assistance in collecting technological material has been received
from Mr. F. T. Thurston, and, at particular points, from many others.
The terms of the philosophical sciences have been esliibited very completely, with special reference
to their history from the time of Plato and Aristotle, through the period of scholasticism, to the present
day, though it has not been possible to state aU the conflicting definitions of diiferent philosophers
and schools. The philosophical wealth of the English language has, it is believed, never
^een so fully presented in any dictionary. Both the oldest philosophical uses of English
^L^*""'''^'*'
words and the most recent additions to the vocabulary of psychology, psycho-physics,
sociology, etc., have been given. The definitions of many common words, also, have been prepared
with a distinct reference to their possible philosophical or theological applications. The logical and
metaphysical, and many psychological definitions have been written by Prof. Peirce. The same method
of treatment has also Ijeen applied to ethical terms, and to those peculiar to the various sociological
sciences. In political economy special assistance has been received from Prof. Albert S. Bolles, Mr.
Austin Abbott, and others. Prof. Bolles has also contributed material relating to financial and com-
mercial matters.
Ill the department of doctrinal theology considerable difficulty has naturally boon experienced in
giving definitions of the opinicms held by the various denominations wliich shall bo free from jiartisan-
8hip. The aim of the dictionary has been to present all the special (locti'iiies of the different divisions
of the Church in such a manner as to convey to the n^ador the actual intent of those
ILT^itll't^,.'*' ^''** ^'^'^I't t^- To this end the Rev. Dr. Lyman Abbott, to whom this branch
of the work has been intrusted, has consulted at ciiticiil jioints learned divines of
the various churches; tliongh, of course, the ultimate responsibility for the statements made in
the dietionary on these and other thi'ological matters rests with Iiini and with the editor-in-chief.
Aid has been obtained in tliis maniKM- from tlie Right Rev. Thomas 8. Pr(>ston, the Rev. Dr.
Williaui B. Huntington, the liov. Dr. Daniel Curry, I'lof. V. L. Conrad, and others. Besides the
 PREFACE. XV

purely theological definitions, others, very numerous and elaborate, have been given of teims desig-
nating vestments, ornaments, rites, and ceremonies, of words relating to church architecture, church

music, etc., Systems of religion other than the Ckristian, as Mohammedanism, Confucianism,
etc.

etc., are treated with considerable detail, as are also the more simple and barbarous forms of religious
thought, and the many related topics of anthropology. Church history is given under the names
of the various sects, etc. Assistance in matters relating to liturgies, and particularly to the ritual of
the Q-reek Church, has been received from Mr. Leighton Hoskins.
In defining legal terms, the design has been to oifer all the information that is needed by the
general reader, and also to aid the professional reader by giving, in a concise form, all the important
technical words and meanings. Professional terms now in common use have been defined in their
general and accepted sense as used to-day in the highest courts and legislative bodies, not excluding,
however, the different senses or modes of use prevalent at an earlier day. Particular attention has
also been given to the definitions of common words which are not technically used in law, but upon
the definition of which as given in the dictionaries matters of practical importance often depend.
Statutory definitions, as for example of crimes, are not as a rule given, since they vary gi-eatly in
detail in the statutes of the different States, and are full of inconsistencies. Definitions are also given
of all established technical phrases which cannot be completely understood from the definitions of
their separate words, and of words and phrases from the Latin and from modern foreign languages
(especially Mexican and French-Canadian law) which have become established as parts of our
of
technical speech, or are frequently used without explanation in English books. The definitions have
been written by Mr. Austin Abbott.
The and engraving, and of various other
definitions of the principal terms of painting, etching,
art-processes, by Mr. Charles C. Perkins some time before his death. They have
were prepared
been supplemented by the work of Mr. Thomas W. Ludlow, who has also had special charge of
architectm-e, scidpture, and G-reek and Roman archaeology; and of Mr. Russell Sturgis,
who has furnished the material relating to decorative art in general, ceramics, medieval
archaeology, heraldry, armor, costumes, furniture, etc., etc. Special aid has also been received from
many architects, artists, and The musical terms have been defined by Prof. Waldo S. Pratt,
others.
who has had the use of a large collection of such definitions made by Mr. W. M. Ferriss. Many
definitions of names of coins have been contributed by Mi". Warwick Wroth, F. S. A., of the Depart-
ment of Coins of the British Museum.
A very full list of nautical terms and definitions has been contributed by Commander Francis M.
Green, and of military terms by Captain David A. Lyle.

The inclusion of so extensive and varied a vocabulary, the introduction of special phrases, and
the full description of things often found essential to an intelligible definition of their names, would
alone have given to this dictionary a distiectly encyclopedic character. It has, however, been deemed
desirable to go somewhat further in this du-ection than these conditions render strictly
necessary. Accordingly, not only have many technical matters been treated with unusual
^""featm-es"
fullness, but much practical information of a kind which dictionaries have hitherto
excluded has been added. The result is that The Centuby Dictionaky covers to a great extent the
field of the ordinary encyclopedia, with this principal difference that the information given is for
the most part distributed under the individual words and phrases with which it is connected, instead
of being collected under a few general topics. Proper names, both biographical and geographical, are
of course omitted except as they appear in derivative adjectives, as Darwinian from Darwin, or Indian
from India. The alphabetical distribution of the encyclopedic matter under a large number of words
will, it is be found to be particularly helpful in the search for those details which are
believed,
generally looked for in works of reference; whUe the inevitable discontinuity of treatment which such
a method entails has been reduced to a minimum by a somewhat extended explanation of central words
xvi PEEFACE.

(as, for example, electricity), and by cross references. Such an encyclopedic method, though unusual
in dictionaries, needs no defense in a work which has been constructed throughout from the point of
v-iew of pi-actieal utility. In the compilation of the historical matter given, assistance has been received
from the gentlemen mentioned above whenever their special departments have been concerned, from
Prof. J. Franklin Jameson in the history of the United States, from Mr. F. A. Teall, and from others.
Special aid in verif>aug dates and other historical matters has been rendered by Mr. Edmund K. Alden.

The pictorial have been so selected and executed as to be subordinate to the text,
illustrations

while possessing a considerable degree of independent suggestiveness and artistic value. Cuts of a dis-
tinctly explanatory kind have been freely given as valuable aids to the definitions, often of large
eri'oups
& i'
of words,' and have been made available for this use by cross references; many
J f
Dlustrations.
-i- j, -,

familiar objects, also, and many uniamiliar and rare ones, have been pictured. To
secure technical accuracy, the illustrations have, as a rule, been selected by the specialists in charge
of the various departments, and have in all cases been examined by them in proofs. The work
presented is very largely original, cuts having been obtained by purchase only when no better ones
could be made at first hand. The general direction of this artistic work has been intrusted to Mr.
W. Lewis Eraser, manager of the Art Department of The Century Co. Special help in procuring
necessary material has been given by Mr. Gaston L. Peuardent, by Prof. William R. Ware, by the
Smithsonian Institution, by the American Museum of Natural History in New York, and by the
Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia.

In the choice of the typographical style the desire has been to provide a page in which the matter
should be at once condensed and legible, and it is aim has been attained in an
believed that this
unusual degree. In the proof-reading nearly all persons engaged upon the dictionary have assisted,
particularly those in charge of technical matters (to neai-ly all of whom the entire proof has been
sent) ; most efficient help has also been given by special proof-readers, both by those who have worked
in the office of The Century Co., and by those connected with The Do Vinne Press.
Finally, acknowledgment is due to the many friends of the dictionary in this and other lands
who have contributed material, often most valuable, for the use of its editors. The list of authorities
used, and other acknowledgments and explanations that may be needed, will be given on the comple-
tion of the work. It should be stated here, however, that by arrangement with its publishers, considerable
use has also been made of Knight's American Mechanical Dlctionarif.

WILLIAM DWIGHT WHITNEY.

New Haven, May 1st, 1889.
 ABBREVIATIONS
USED IN THE ETYMOLOGIES AND DEFINITIONS.
a., adj adjective. engin engineering. mech mechanics, mechani- photog photography.
abbr abbreviation. ent^m entomology. cal. phren phrenology.
abL ablative. Epis Episcopal. med medicine. phyB physicaL
ace accusative. equiv. equivalent. mensur. mensuration, physiol physiology,
accom accommodated, accom- esp especially. metal metallurgy. pl.,plur. plural.
modation. Eth Ethiopic. metaph metaphysics, poet poetical.
act active. ethnog. ethnography. meteor. meteorology. polit political.
adv adverb. ethnol ethnology. Mex Mexican. Pol Polish.
AF Anglo-French. etym etymology. MGr. Middle Greek, medie- poss possessive.
agri agriculture. Eur. European. val Greek. pp past participle.
AL Anglo- Latin- exclam exclamation. MHG Middle High German. ppr. present participle.
ulg algebra. f., fern feminine. milit military. Pr. Provencal {usually
Amer American. F. French (iimialli/ mean- mineral mineralogy. meaning Old Pro-
niiat anatomy. ing modern French). ML Middle Latin, medie- venijal).
anc ancient. Flem Flemish. val Latin. pref prefix.
antiti antiquity. fort. fortification. MLG. Middle Low German, prep preposition.
aor aorist. fireq frequentative. mod modern. pres present.
appar apparently, Fries Friesic. mycol mycology. pret preterit.
Ar. Arabic. fut future. myth mythology. priv. privative,
arch architecture. G. Gennan(imtaUy)naTi' n. .. . noun. prob probably, probable.
archx'ol archjeology. ing New High Ger- n., neut neuter. pron pronoun.
arith arithmetic. man). N, New. pron pronounced, pronun-
art. article. Gael Gaelic. N. North. ciation.
AS Anglo-Saxon, galv. galvanism. N. Amer. North America. prop properly.
astro] astrology. gen genitive. nat natural. pros prosody.
astron astronomy. geog. geography.
naut nauticaL Prot. Protestant,
attrib attributive, geol geology. nav navigation. prov. provincial.
aug augmentative, geom geometry. NGr. New Greek, modem psychol psychology.
Bav Bavarian. Goth. Gothic (Moesogothic^ Greek. q. V L. quod (or pi. qucey
Beng Bengali. Gr. Greek. NHG. New High German which
vide, see.
biol biology. gram grammar. (usually simply G., refl reflexive.
Bohera Bohemian. gun gunnery. German). reg regular, regularly.
bot botany. Heb Hebrew. Nlfc New Latin, modem repr. representing,
Braz. Brazilian. her. heraldry. Latin. rhet rhetoric.
Bret Breton. herpet herpetology. nom nominative. Rom Roman.
bryol bryology, Hind Hindustani. Norm Norman. Rom Romanic, Romance
Bulg Bulgarian. hist history. north northern. (languages).
carp carpentry. horol horology. Norw. Norwegian. Russ Russian,
Cat Catalan. hort horticulture. numis numismatics. S South.
Cath Catholic. Hung Hungarian. Old. S. Amer South American,
caus. , causative. hydraul hydraulics. obs obsolete. 8c L. scilicet, understand^
ceram ceramics. hydros hydrostatics. obstet obstetrics. supply.
cf L. coi\fer, compare. Icel Icelandic {usually OBulg Old ^Bulgarian (other- Sc Scotch.
ch. church. meaning Old \cq- ivise called Church Scand Scandinavian.
Chal Chaldee. \^r\A\c, otherwise call- Slavonic, Old Slavic, Scrip Scripture.
chem chemical, chemistry. ed Old Norse). Old Slavonic). sculp sculpture.
Chin Chinese. ichth ichthyology. OCat Old Catalan, Serv Servian.
chion chronology. i. e. Jj. id est, that is, OD. Old Dutch. sing singular.
coUoq colloquialjcolloquially. impers impersonal. ODan Old Danish. Skt. Sanskrit.
com commerce, commer- impf imperfect. odontog odontography. Slav. Slavic, Slavonic.
cial. impv imperative. odontol odontology. Sp Spanish.
comp composition, com- improp improperly. OF. Old French. subj subjunctive.
pound. Ind Indian. OFlem Old Flemish. superl superlative.
compar comparative. ind indicative. OGael Old Gaelic. fiurg surgery.
conch conchology. Indo-Eur. Indo-European. OHG. Old High German. surv. surveying.
conj conjunction. indef indefinite. Olr. Old Irish. Sw. Swedish.
contr contracted, contrao inf infinitive. Olt Old Italian. ^m synonymy.
tion. instr instruiiiental. OL Old Latin. Syr Syriac.
Corn Cornish. inter] interjection. OLG Old Low German. technol technology,
craniol craniology. intr. , intrana. ..intransitive. ONorth Old Northumbrian. teleg telegraphy.
crnniom craniometry. Ir Irish. OPruss Old Prussian. teratol teratology.
crystal crystallography, irreg irregular, irregularly. orig original, originally. term termination.
D. Dutch. It Italian. ornith ornithology. Teut Teutonic.
Dan Danish. Jap Japanese. OS Old Saxon. theat. theatrical.
dat dative. L Latin {usuallg meanr OSp Old Spanish. theol theology.
def definite, definition. ing classical Latin), osteol osteology. therap therapeutics,
del iv derivative, derivation. Lett Lettish. OSw Old Swedish. toxicol toxicology.
dial dialect^ dialectal. JjG Low German. OTeut Old Teutonic. tr., trans transitive,
dilf different. lichenol lichenology. p. a participial adjective. trigon trigonometry.
dim diminutive. lit literal, literally. paleon paleontology. Turk Turkish.
distrib distributive. lit literature. part participle. typog typography.
dram dramatic. Lith Lithuanian. pass passive. alt, ultimate, ultimately.
"^
dynam dynamics. lithog lithography. pathol pathology. T verb.
E East. lithol lithology. perf. perfect. var. variant.
E English (ttgTMtZZymean- LL Late Latin. Pers Persian. vet. veterinary.
tnf^modern English). m., masc. ......masculine. pers person. V. L intransitive verb.
eccl., eccles ecclesiastical. M Middle. persp perspective. v. t transitive verb.
econ economy. mach machinery. Peruv Peruvian. W. Welsh.
e. g L. exempli gratia, for mammal mammalogy, petrog petrography. Wall Walloon.
example. manuf manufacturing. Pg Portuguese. Wallach Wallachian.
Egypt Egyptian. math mathematics. phar. pharmacy. W. Ind West Indian.
E. Ind East Indian. MD Middle Dutch. Phen Phenician. zoogeog zoogeography;
elect electricity. ME Middle English (o?A^r- philol philology. zobl zoology.
embryol embryology. wise called Old Eng- philos philosophy. zoot. zootomy.
Eng English- lish). phonog phonography.
 : :

KEY TO PRONUNCIATION.

a as in fat, man, pang, oi as in oil, joint, boy. a as in Persia, peninsnla.

a as in fate, mane, dale. on as in pound, proud, now. e as in tlie book.
a as in far, father, guard. u as in nature, feature.
a as in fall, talk, naught. A single dot under a vowel in an xmaccented
syllable indicates its abbreviation and lighten-
a as in ask, fast, ant. A mark (w) under the consonants t, d, s, s in-
ing, without absolute loss of its distinctive qual-
a as in fare, hair, bear. dicates that they in like manner are variable to
ity. See Preface, p. xi. Thus :

e as in met, pen, bless.

ch,j, sh, :h. Thus:
a as in prelate, courage, captain.
e as in mete, meet, meat.
e as in ablegate, episcopal. as in nature, adventure,
* as iu her, fern, heard. t
o as in abrogate, eulogy, democrat, d as iu arduous, education.
i as in pin, it, biscuit. n as in singular, education. E as iu pressure,
i as in pine, fight, file.
z as in seizure.
A double dot under a vowel in an unaccented
o as in not, on, frog. syllable indicates that, even in the mouths of
6 as in note, poke, floor. th as in thin.
the best speakers, its sound is variable to, and
6 as in move, spoon, room. TH as in then.
in ordinary utterance actually becomes, the
d as in nor, song, off. ch as in Gei-man ach, Scotch loch.
short -sound (of but, pun, etc). See Preface,
n French nasalizing n, as in ton, en.
p. xi. Thus:
as in tub, son, blood, ly French words) French liquid (mouill4) 1.
(iu
as in mute, acute, few (also new, a as in errant, republican, ' denotes
a primary, " a secondary accent. (A
tube, duty see Preface, pp. is, x).
: e as in prudent, difference, secondary accent is not marked if at its regular
as in pull, book, could. i as in charity, density. interval of two syllables from the primary, or
German ii, French u. o as in valor, actor, idiot. from another secondary.)

SIGNS.

< read /rom; i. e., derived from. ^ read root.

> read whence ; i. e., from which is derived. * read theoretical or atUged; i. e., theoretically assumed,
+ read and ; i. e., compounded with, or with suffix. or asserted but unverified, form.
= read cognate with ; i. e., etymologically parallel with. t read obsolete.

SPECIAL EXPLANATIONS.

A superior fip^re placed after a title-word in- Book and chapter nated in the text immediately following, or
dicates that word so marked is distinct
thi- Part and chapter under the title referred to.
etymologically from other words, following or Book and line The figures by which the synonym-lists are
preceding it, spelled in the same manner and Book and page > iii. 10. sometimes divided indicate the senses or defi-
marked with different numbers. Thus Act and scene nitions with which they are connected.
Chapter and verse The title-words begin with a small (lower-
back' (bak), n. The posterior part, etc. No. and page case) letter, or with a capital, according to
back' (bak), n. Lying or being behind, etc. Volume and page . . . .
II, .34. usage. When usage differs, in this matter,
back' (l>iik), r. To furnish with a back, etc. Volume and chapter TW, iv. with the different senses of a word, the abbre-
back' (l)ak), adv. Behind, etc. Part, book, and chapter II, iv. 12. viations [rap.] for "capital" and [/. c] for
back'-'t (liak), n. The earlier form of bat". Part, canto, and stanza II. iv. 12, "lower-case" are used to indicate this varia-
back^ (bak J, . A large flat-bottomed boat, Chapter and section or IT vii, ^ or IF !. tion.
etc. Volume, part, and section or IT . .1. i, ji or II (i. The difference observed in regard to the
Book, chapter, and section or H. .1. i. $ or H (>. riipilalizing of thesecond element in zoologi-
Various abbreviations have been need in the cal and botanical terms is in accordance with
credits to the quotations, as " No." for number, Different grammatical phases of the same the existing usage in the two sciences. Thus,
"St." for stanza, "p." for page, "I." for line, word are groupe<l under one head, and distin- in zoology, in a scientific name consisting of
T for paragrriph, " fol." tor Mn. The method guished by the lioman numerals I., II., Ill,, two words the second of which is derived from
used in indicating the HiiliiiivisionH of books etc. This applies to transitive and intransi- a proper name, only the first would be capi-
will be understood by rcfcronco to the follow- tive uses of the same verb, to adjectives used talized. Hut a name of similar derivation in
ing plan also as nouns, to nouns used also as adjectives, botany would have llio second element also
to adverbs used also as prepositions or con- capitalized.
Section only j 5_ junctions, etc. Till' iianicH of zoiilogical and botanical classes,
only
C'littptT xiv. The capitiili/.ing and italicizing of certain or iirilers, fiiniilies, genera, etc., have been uui-
Canto only xiv. all of the worils in a synonyin-lisi indicalpH foriiily italicized, in accoriiaiice with the pres-
Book oaly jij. that the wurdii tn> diatiuguiiihud are discrimi- 1111 1 usage uf scientific writers.

zlll
 COLORED PLATES

UBLISHERS' NOTE. In execution of the following plates great care has been taken
tlio

to reproduce the effect of the natural coloration of the objects represented. To this end
the most advanced methods and the highest skill in lithography have been employed. The
same care, also, has been Ijcstowed upon the drawings of the various figures. They have
been taken from the most authoritative sources, or have been pi'epared under the direction
of specialists from the objects themselves. The plates, as a whole, supplement in an
important way the illustrations already in the dictionary. The color of an object is not infrequently one
of its most essential qualities, and is often the characteristic by which it is most easily identified but ;

no ]iieture in black and white can convey it, neither can it adequately be expressed by words in definition
or description. To be known it must be seen. The use of color, accordingly, in the dictionary as an
adjunct to illustration is not merely admissible it is really indispensable.
:

INDEX OF COLORED PLATES

PLATE I. GAME-FISHES OP NORTHERN ATLANTIC COASTS.
Weakfisli, Whiting, Redfish or Red Drum, Blueflsli, Spanish Mackerel, Tarpon, Red Grouper, Kingflsh,
Striped-bass, Sheepshead, Tautog or Blackflsh.

PLATE 11. GAME-FISHES OF NORTH AMERICAN LAKES AND STREAMS.

Large-mouthed Black-bass, Small-mouthed Black-bass, Maskalonge, Alaskan Grayling, Land-locked
Salmon, Pickerel, Yellow Perch, Salmon, Brook-trout, Lake-trout or Mackinaw Trout, Brown Trout,
Black-spotted Trout, Dolly Varden Trout.

PLATE III. GAME-BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA: WATER-BIRDS.

Blue-winged Teal, Wood-duck, Shoveler, Canada Goose, Mallard, Canvasback, Whistling Swan, Redhead
or Pochard, Brent-goose, Snow-goose, Dusky Duck, American Widgeon.

PLATE IV. GAME-BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA: LAND-BIRDS.

Wilson's Snipe, Dowitcher, Bartraniinii Sandpiper, Californian Partridge or Helmet-quail, Black-bellied
Plover, Prairie-hen, Virginia Rail, Wild Turkey, Ruffed Grcjuse, Golden Plover, Sharp-tailed Grouse,
Bob-white or Quail, Knot, Woodcock, Hudsonian Curlew.

PLATE V. WILD FLOWERS OF THE UNITED STATES.

Blue Flag, Mariposa-lily, Columbine, Evening Primrose, Wild Azalea, Creeping Pldox, AiTOW-head,
Wake-robin, Fringed Gentian, Wild Lily, Cardinal-flower, Lupine.

PLATE VI. WILD FLOWERS OF THE UNITED STATES.

Bloodroot, Stag-horn Sumac, Wild Geranium. Shinleaf, Wild Rose, Goldenrod, Chicory, Yellow Lady's-
slipper, Early Saxifrage, Trumpet-honeysuckle, Marsh-marigold, Yellow Adder's-tongue.

PLATE VII. LEAVES OF NORTH A AMERICAN TREES.

Swamp-oak, Smooth Alder, White Oak, Paper-birch, Buttonwood, Willow, Indian Bean, Large-toothed
Aspen, Sassafras, American Beech, American Elm, Locust.

PLATE VIII. LEAVES OF NORTH AMERICAN TREES.

Hemlock, Shagbark Hickory, Witch-hazel, White Ash, American Aspen, Wild Black Cherry, American
Chestnut, Black Spruct;, Silver Maple, White Pine, Magnolia, American Hornbeam.
PLATE IX. IXJUKIOUS INSECTS.
Bedbug. Mosquiti'S ^l. Female Cnlex; 2, Female Anopheles), Oriental Cocki-oach, Silver-fish, Squash-bug,
Red Ant, Hessian Fly, BufEalo-blig, House-cricket, Clothes-moth, Cabbage-butterfly and -worm.
House-fly,
White Ant, Croton-bug, Army-worm. House Centiped, Cliinch-bug, Cheese-fly, Western ^ligratory (ri-ass-
hopper. Imported Elm-leaf Beetle, Colorado Potato-beetle, San Jose Scale, Codling-moth, Plum-cun-ulio.

PLATE X. NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

Thecla melinus, Clirysophanus hypophteis, Cohas philodice, Dauans plexippus, Vanessa milbertii,
Lycffiua pseudargiolus. Limenitis arthemis, Argynnis cybele. Satyrus alope, Argynnis myrina. Jnnonia
coenia, Papilio turnus, Grapta comma, Limenitis lorquinii, Melita?a brueei, Agemnia fornax, Apatiu'a
celtis, Pyi-ameis cardui.

PLATE XL EGGS OP NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

Green Heron, Bob-white or " Quail,'' Yellow-bUled Cuckoo, Common Tern, Kingbird, Sora or Carolina
Purple Finch, Catbird,
Rail. Cliff- or Eaves-swallow, Chickadee, Cowl>ird, Sereeeh-owl. l*ur[)le Grackle,
Red-winged Blackbird, Blue Jay, Orow, Osprey or Fish-hawk, Woodcock, Brown Thrasher, Crested Fly-
catcher, Cedar Waxwing, Bobolink, Mocking-liii-d, Baltimore Oriole, Red-eyed Vireo, Scarlet Tanager,
Robin, House Wren, Humming-bird, Chipjnug Sparrow Song-sparrow, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Sparrow-
hawk, Night-hawk, Wood-thrush, Killdeer.

PLATE XII. COLOR-TYPES OF THE RACES OF MEN (British Association Scale).

Pale White (American), Florid and Rosy (German), Brownish White (Italian), Yellowish White (Chinese),
Yellow or 01iv(* (Polynesian), Dark Yellow-brown (Malay), Copper-colored (.American Indian), Chocolate
(Melanesian), Sooty Black (West Coast African), Coal-black (South African).

PLATE XIII. PKECIOUS STONES.

Diamond, Topaz, Opal, Turquoi.se, Em-ald, Huby, Amethyst, Sapphire, Cafs-eye.

PLATE XIV. COLORS OF THE SPECTRUM AND OF PIGMENTS.

Prismatic Spectrum with Fraunhofer Lines. Normal Spectrum, by diffraction, with Fraunhofer Lines.
The three primarj^ pigment colors, yellow, crimson and blue, overlapping and f<n'ming orange red, green
and violet, and black in center. The three fundamental or primary color-sensations, red, green and vio-
let,overlapping and forming yellow, blue and crimson, and white in center. Crimson, Carmine, Scarlet,
Cardinal, Orange, Salmon, Yellow, Green Yellow, Yellow Green, Apple-Green, Blue Green, Sea-Green,
Blue, Ultramarine, Rose, Ashes of Roses, Vermilion, Pink, Buff, Amber, Straw, Corn, Olive, Ocher,
Emerald, Turcjuoise, Navy Blue, Electric Blue, Violet, Mauve. Heliotrope, Lavender, Pearl-gray, Dove,
Ecru, Drab, Pui-ple, Magenta, Lilac, Peacock-blue, Venetian Red, Old Gold, Cafe au Lait, Terra-cotta,
Maroon, Claret, Seal-brown, Sepia, Chocolate, Cherry, Vandyke Brown, Indigo.

PLATE XV. FLAGS OF THE PRINCIPAL NATIONS.

Argentine Republic (En.sign), Austria (Merchant), Belgium (Royal Standard), Bolivia, Brazil. Burma
(.Merchant). Ciiilc, China (Ensign), (V)Ioml>ia (Merchant), Cuba, Denniark (Mcrcliaul, b'oyal Standard).
Ecuador, Egypt, Khedive of, France, (ierniany (Ensign, lmi)cri;d Stiimlanl, National and Merchant), (ireat
Britain (Red Ensign, Koyal Starfdard, Union Jack, White Ensign), (irecce (Ensign), Italy (Ensign), Japan
(Imperial Standard, .Mereliant), lun-ea, Mexico (Ensign), Netherlands (K'oyal Standard), Norway (Mer-
chant, Royal Standard), Persia, Peru (Mercliant), Portugal, Russia (I'.nsign, Imperial Standard, Merchant),
Siam (.Mereliant), Sj.aiu (Ensign, Mercliant, Royal Staiulard), Sweden (Merchant, Royal Standard), Swit-
zerland, Turkey, United States (National Flag, Union Jack), Venezuela (Merchant).

PE.\TE XVI. SKJX.M.S. I.VTEHNATIONAL STGNAL-FL.\GS. ETC. '

A B ( I) E F (J H J K L 51 \ () V K S T IF V
I (, W X Y Z.
Code Flag and Answering Penmiiil.

FUNNEES OF Ti{.\.\.SATEANTl(' i>i.\KRS.

Cnriiird Line, While Star Line. American Line,
Italian Koyal Mail S S. Co,, Noi til Jeiiriaii Lloyd Line, (

Wilson Line, Allan Line, Belgian Line, Conipagnie (ieneralo Transallanlique. 11, inilMifg-.\nierican Line,
Anchor Line, Nelherliinds LiiK!.

U. S. WEATIIEl; SI(;NALS.
1. Infr.nnatiori Si^'nal. '2.Temperature Sitrna] abov.' or !, warmer below, eohh-r.
:
:', : l^. Clear oi- fjiir.

4. itain or Siir.w. .",. Coj.lWav. Severe S. \V. Winds. 7. Severe N. \V. Winds.
(1. S. Severe S. E.
Wind.s. 'J. Severe N. E. Winds. Id Mnrrieanc.
 PLATE I.

Sheepshead Tautog or BLACKFISH-

COPVRlGHT 190? ev THE CENTUf** CO AMDtlCUt ljrHO<lC COA* -

GAME-FISHES OF NORTHERN ATLANTIC COASTS.

 PLATE II.

BLACK-SPOTTED TROUT, DOLLY VaRDEN TROUT

u(iiai) uT>ioa''*FMic co>

COPVR16MT (9G2 B' THE CENTuWV C

GAME-FISHES OF NORTH AMERICAN LAKES AND STREAMS.

 PLATE III.

''^J>:.->^''- wV^
Snow-goose. DUSKY Duck AMERICAN WIDGEON-
COPVR!G-n 90^ 9v THE CENTU'IY CO

GAME-BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA

WATER-BIRDS.
 PLATE IV.

WOODCOCK. HUDSONIAN CURLEW

COPVftiGMT. t9CS BT TKf CENToRr CO

GAME-BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA

LAND-BTRDS
 PLATE V.

BLUE Flag Mariposa-lily. Columbine. Evening primrose.

WILD AZALEA. CREEPING Phlox. ARROW-HEAD. Wake-robin.

Fringed Gentian. Wild lily. Cardinal-flower.

COPYRIGHT 1902. Br THE CENTURrcO :
*^^tHl^UT>^:B*^ r

WILD FLOWERS OF THE UNITED STATES

 .

PLATE VI.

BLOODROOT. Stag-horn sumac. WILD GERANIUM-

WlLD ROSE. GOLDENROD. YELLOW Lady S-SLiPPER,

Early Saxffrage TRUMPET-HONEYSUCKLE. Marsh-marigold. yellow adder 3-tongue.

COPVRIQHT. I902. BY THE CENTURY CO
*fWC*Ji LJ?"05atPt(iC CO,"ir

WILD FLOWERS OF THE UNITED STATES

 PLATE VII.

-\AiM

COPVniGMT, 1902 BV THE CENTURV CO *- [ !> .: (jihc^*p-

LEAVES OF NORTH AMERICAN TREES.

 PLATE VIII.

White Pine,
HE CENTUWV CO
ii<ta,cA-VU1>05e<.< 7 :o ^'

LEAVES OF NORTH AMERICAN TREES.

 PLATE IX.

Imported elm-l..af beetle- San Jose scale. CODLING-MOTH Plum-curculio.

COPYRIGHT. I902. 6V THE CENIUHV CO

INJURIOUS INSECTS.
VERTICAL LINES SHOW NATURAL SIZES.
 PLATE X.

-OOVfiiGMT 1902 av THE CtNTURr CO -'HUJtS UTtOSa

NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES.

NATURAL SIZES.
 PLATE XI.

v^;
*-.

Bob-white or -^ -tot YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO.

Ouaii ,
Green heron-
COMMON Tern.

SORA OR CAROLINA RAIL CLIFF-OR tAVES-SWALLOW

CHlCKfi

SCREECH-OWL.

_^^fm0m^^

Purple Pint D BLACKBIRD..

PURPLE CRACKLE.

. -7 ''/??>;

Rose BREASTED Grosbeak

HOUSE Wren HUMMINC-BIRD-

-:^-^*' CHIPPINC bPAHROW SONG-SPA r> ROW

: ^*\^.^

Night-hawk WOOD-THRUSH

i-*02 Ijr THE. CENTura-rcO

EGGS OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS.

NATURAL SIZES.
 PLATE XII.

SOOTY Black

WEST COASi AFRICAN. SOUTH AFFICAN

COPVOtOHT. )902. 6V ThE CEMTyRV cO

COLOR-TYPES OF THE RACES OF MEN.

BRITISH ASSOCIATION SCALE.
 PLATE XIII.

I ''iffT.."

->1f;^-''*,
,../'

^\^:

1 '

'*^;'
''
A
 PLATE XIV
GO 70

PRISIVIAl|jX SPECTRUM WITH FRAUNHOFER LINES.

CRIMSON
n CARMINE
B
NORMAL SPECTRUM,
C D
BY DIFFRACTION, WITH
E b
FRAUNHOFER
F
LINES.

ORANGE SALMON
_
I
VERMILION
f PINK

n
THE THREE PRrMARV PIGMENT COLORS, VELLOW, CRIMSON AND BLUE, OVERLAPPINO ANO
FORMING ORANGE RED, GREEN AND VIOLET, AND BLACK IN CENTER.

YELLOW GREEN YEL.

YEL.

BLUE
GREEN

BLUEGREEN
n
ri
APPLE-GRN

SEA-GliEEN

ULTRAMARINE
THE THREE FUNDAMENTAL OR PR1MARV COLOR-8ENSATION6, RED- GREEN AND VIOLET,
OVERLAPPING AND FORMING YELLOW, BLUE ANO CRIMSON, AND WHITE IN CENTER.
n EMERALD

NAVY BLUE
TURQUOISE

ELEC. BLUE

I I I I I
VIOLET MAUVE HELIOTROPE LAVENDER PEARL-GR7SY DOVE

l^^l ^1 IH ^1 ^l^^l ^1
i1K>i Ov TMf C.iU
 M

PLATE XV.

AUSTRIA-

FLAGS OF THE PRINCIPAL NATIONS.


PLATE XVI.
 :

1. The first letter in the
English alphabet, as also
(generally in the other al-
]>habets which, like the
English, come ultimately
from the Phenieian. Our
letters are the
those used by the Ro-
the Roman or Latin
mans ; proach a consonantal character, and pass with
alphabet is one of several
Italian alphaliets derived from the Greek; and
the Greek alphabet is, with a few adaptations
and additions, formed from the Phenieian.
As to the origin of the Phenieian alphabet,
opinions are by no means agreed; but the
view now most widely current is that put
forth and supported a few years ago by the
French scholar De Roug6 namely, that the : into the other vowel-sounds, which are to a great
Phenieian characters ax'e derived from early
Egyptian hieratic characters, or abbreviated
forms of written hieroglyphs. Under each
letter will be given in this work the Phe-
nieian character from which it comes, along
with an early form or two of the Greek and
Latin derived characters (especially intended
to show the change of direction of the let-
ter consequent upon the change of direction
of 'vriting, 'since the Phenieian was always
written from right to left); and to these will
Ije added the hieratic and hieroglyphic char-
acters from which the Phenieian is held to
originate, according to De Rough's theory. It
is to be noticed that our ordinary capitals are
the original forms of our letters the lower-
case, Italic, and written letters are all derived
;
out with least modifying interference by the
parts of the mouth. On the other hand, in
the production of the (-sound of machine or
pupic and the -sound of rule (or double o of
l)oot), the organs are brought quite nearly
together: in the case of , the flat of the tongue
same as and the roof of the mouth; in the case of
, the rounded lips. Hence these vowels ap-
little or no alteration into y and w respec-
tively. Then e and o (as in theij and note) are
intermediate respectively between a (a) and (
and a (ii) and ii; and the sounds in fat and fall
are still less removed in either direction from a
(ii). The pure or original sound of a (far) is
more prevalent in earlier stages of language,
and is constantly being weakened or closened
extent derived from it; and this process has
gone on in English on a larger scale than in
almost any other known language. Hence the
([-sound (as in far) is very rare with us (less
than half of one per cent, of our whole utter-
ance, or not a tenth part as frequent as the
sound of i in jiit or as that of in hut)
its short sound has been so generally flattened
into that in fat, and its long sound into that
in fate, that we now call these sounds respec-
,
tively "short a" and " long a"; and, on the
other hand, it has in many words been broad-
ened or rounded into the sound heard in all
and fall. Thus the most usual sounds of Eng-
lish written a are now, in the order of their
frequency, those infat, fate, fall, far: there are
men are not mortal. The use of these symbols dates
from the thirteenth century; they appear to be arbitrary
applications of the vowel.s a,e, i, o, but are usually
supposed to have been taken from the Latin AJIrum,
I affirm, and nEgO, I deny. But some authorities main-
tain that their use in Greek ia much older, (c) In
math.: In algebra, a, h, c, etc., the first letters
of the alphabet, stand for known quantities,
while X, y, ::, the last letters, stand for un-
known quantities ; in geometry, A, B, C, etc.,
are used to name jjoints, lines, and figm-ea.
(d) In abstract reasoning, suppositions, etc.,
A, B, C, etc., denote each a particular persoa
or thing in relation to the others of a series or
group, (f) In writing a-ud jjrinting, a, h, c, etc.,
are used instead of or in addition to the Ai'abic
tigm'es in marking paragraphs or other tlivi-
sions, or in making references. (/) In naut.
lang., Al, A'2, etc., are symbols used in the
Record of American and Foreign Shippuig,
and in Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign
Shipping, to denote the relative rating of mer-
chant vessels, in the former, the character assigned to
vessels by the surveyors is e-xpressed by the numbers
from Al standing for the liighest and A3 for the
1 to 3,
lowest grade. The numbers IJ, IJ, 2, 2J express interme-
; diate degrees of seawortliiness". Vessels classed as Al or
Al^ are regarded as fit for the carrijxge of all kinds of
cargoes on all kinds of voyages for a specified term of
years ; those classed as AIJ or A2, for all cargoes on
Atlantic voyages, and in exceptional cases on long voy-
ages, and for such cargoes as oil, sugar, molasses, etc.,
on any voyage ; those classed as A2A or A3, for coasting
voyiges only, with wood or coal. In Lloyd's Register, the
letters A, A (in red), .E, and E are used to denote. various
degrees of excellence in the hulls of ships, the figure 1
being added to express excellence of equipment, such as
masts and rigging in sailing-ships, or boilers and engines

also a few cases like theoin7io(aud icns (after

from the capitals. Our A corresponds to the
Phenieian letter called alepli ; and this name,
signifying "ox," is also the original of the
Greek name of the same letter, alpha. The
comparative scheme for A
is as follows
a jo-sound, nearly a corresponding short to the
a of all), manij (a "short e"), and others yet
more sporadic. In syllables of least stress
and distinctness, too, as in the fii'st and third
syllables of abundant and abundance, it is uni-
versally uttered with the "short u" sound of Mr, Koker.
but. The " long a " of fate is not strictly one
in steamers. The broad A in the British Lloyd's indicates
a ship built of iron. In the American Register, tlie an-
nexed figures do uot refer to the equipment. Hence, in
conmierce, A\ is used to denote the liighest mercantile
credit; and colloquially A\, or in the United .States A
Ko. 1, is an adjective of commendation, ]ike Jirst-class,
Jirst-nite: as, an ^1 speaker,
"He must be a first-rater," said Sam, "-i 1," replied
Didcens, Pickwick Papers.
An A number one cook, and no mistake.

Egyptian.
2- ^
Pheni-
AA Early
sound, but ends with a vanishing sound of
"long e": i. <?., it is a slide from the e-sound 3. As an abbreviation, a stands, according to
of they down to the i-so\ind of pique. From context, for acre, acting, adjective, answer, are
Mrs. Stowe, Dred.

Hieroglyphic, Hieratic. Clan. Greek and Latin.

this vanish the a of fare and bare and their (in the metric system), argent (in licr.), anal
The Phenieian alepli, was not a proper vowel- like is free, while it has also an opener (anal fin, in ichth.), anech inoplacid (in eehi-
sign, but rather a quasi-consonantal one, to sound, and is even, in the mouths of many noderms), etc. in com,, for approved, for ac-
;

which an initial vowel-sound, of whatever speakers, indistinguishable in quality from the cepted, and for Latin ad (commonly written ^3) ),
kind, attached itself since the fundamental
; " short (t" of fat; hence the o-sound ot fare is " at " or " to " as, 500 shares L. I. preferred
:
plan of that alphabet assumed that every syl-
lable should begin with a consonant. But the
in tlie respellings of this work written with a,
There
67^^; 25 30 cents per yard. 4. Attrib., hav-
to distinguish it from the sound in fate. ing the form of the capital A, as a tent.
Greeks, in adapting the borrowed alphabet to is also class of words, like ask, fast, ant, in
:i,
The conuuon or A tent, for the use of enlisted men.
thtiirown use, made the sign represent a single which some pronounce the vowel simply as Witlielm, Jlil, Diet
vowel-sound that, namely, which we usually "short a," while some give it the full open
:

?all the " Italian " or " Continental " a (a), as a^ (a or a), indef. art. [<ME. a (before con-
sound of a in far, and yet others make it sonants), earlier an, orig. with long vowel,
heard in far, father. This was its value something intermediate between the two such < AS. an, one, an: see akI.] The form of an
:

in the Latin also, and in the various alphabets an a is represented in this work by a. A occurs used before consonants and words lieginning
founded on the Latin, including that of our as final only in a very few proper English with a consonant-sound: as, a man, a woman,
own ancestors, the speakers and writers of words and it is never dciibled in such words. a year, a union, a eulogy, a oneness, a hope.
;

earliest English or Anglo-Saxon; and it is

mainly retained to the present time in the
langiuiges of continental Europe. In conse-
quence, however, of the grailual and per-
vading change of utterance of English words,
without corresponding change in the mode
of writing them, it has come' to have in our
use a variety of values. Tlio sound of a in
far is the piu-est and most fundamental of
vowel-sounds, being that which is naturally
sent forth by the human organs of utterance
when the mouth and throat are widely opened,
and the tone from the larynx suffered to come
2. As a symbol, a denotes the fii'st of an actual An, however, was formerly often used before
or possible series. Specifically (a) In niKsic,
the sounds of h and initial long u and eti
the name of the sixth note of the natural even in accented syllables (as, an hospital, an
diatonic scale of C, or the fii-st note of the union), and is still retained by some before
relative minor scale ; the la of Italian, French,
those soimds in unaccented syllables (as, an
and Sjianish musicians. It is the note sounded by historian, an united whole, lui euphonious
the opiMi sucnnd string of the ^-iolin, and to it as given by
a fixeil-tniii'il instrument (as the oboe or organ) all the sound). The form a first appeared about the beginning
instrumeiits of an orchestra are tuned, of the thirteenth century. It is placed before nouns of the
(i) In the
singul.ar number, and alsobeforeplural nouns when.fric or
mnemonic words of logic, the universal affirma- flrrnt vmny is interposed, [Few was originally singular as
tive proposition, as, all men are mortal, simi- well as plural, and the article was singular (>IE. u) or
larly. / stands for the particular affirmative, as, some plural (5IE. ami) to agree with it. In the phrase a nrmt
pien are mortal E for the universal negative, as, no men
; manij, the article agrees with man;/, which is properly a
%re mortal; for the particular negative, as, some noun (AS. menigu: see manyl, n,); the following plural
 ; ; ;

In the phrase a great many hooks, is reaUj- a [See ah and 0.] The early a-9. [A mere syllable.]
a9 (a or a), interj. qiiasi-prefix, a mere A
partitive genitive.] ah, preserved, archaically, before a
form of opening syllable, in the interjections aha, ahoy.
a? (a or a), prep. [< ME. and late AS. a, re- leader's or chieftain's name, as a war-cry (but In aha, and as well in ahoy, it may be con-
ducedfonnof(J, on, on, in: see oh.] Aredueed now treated and pronounced as the iudeiiiiite sidered as ah.
form of the preposition o, formerly common article). a-io. [A reduced form of D. hoiid. Cf. fl-".] A
in all the uses of on, but now restricted to cer- The Border slogan rent the sky, quasi-prelix, a mere opening syllable, in avast,
tain constructions in vrhich the preposition is A Home o Gordon was the cry. ! where a-, however, represents historically
I

Scott, Marmion.
more or less disguised, being usually written as Dutch 7(o<7 in the original Dutch expression
one word with the following noun. (<() Of place: g^io. [L. o, the usual form of xa6, from, of, before houd vast English holdfast. =
On, in, upon, unto, into; the preposition and consonants: see n6-.]
. ^ .
Latin preposition, a-ll. [< ME. a-, OF. a-, < L. ad-, or assimi-
..-_. :..;_..
A
the follo^ving noun being usually ^-itten as one meaning of, off, away from, etc. it occm-s in eer- lated ab-, ac-, of-, etc. : see ad-.} pretLx, A
word, sometimes with, but commonly without, taiii plirases as, priori, a posteriori, a meiua et thoro, etc. : being a reduced form of the Latin prefix ad-.
personal names of medieval or modem In Old French and Middle English regularly and so
a hyphen, and regarded as an adverb or a preili- also in certain
origin as, Thomas c< Kempis, that is, Thomas ot Kempen,
n-,
properly in modern Fi'ench and English, as in avoiich
cate adjective, but best treated as a preposi- the school-name given to Thomas Uammerken, bom at lult. <L. advocare], amount [uit. < L. ad montem], ava~
:

tional phrase. In such phrases a denotes (1) Posi- Kempen near DiisseUiorf .Abraham a Sanela Clara, that tanehc [ult. < L. ad valtcui], abet, ameliorate, etc.; but in
;

tion as, to lie oScii ; to be ajoot ; to ride a horeeback ; to

: is, Abraham ot St. Clare, the name assnmed by Ulrich later Old iYench and Middle English a- took in spell-
Blandati/itoe. (2) Motion: &s, to eo ashore; "howjocnnd Megerle. The true name of Thom;i5 a Becket (written ing a Latin semblance, ad-, ar-, a,f; etc., and so in mod-
did they drive their team a-field." Gray. (3) Direction also A' Becket. and, :
in un-English fashion, a Becket, A ern English, as in addrcsi^, account, afect, ayi/rieve, etc.,
as, to go ahead ; to tura aside; to draw aback (modem, Becket)was simply Thomas Becket or Beket the a appears where the doubled consonant is unetymological. See ad-.
:

to draw back). (4) Partition as, to :take aitart ; to burst to be a later insertion, though supported by such late 0-12. [< L. 0-, a later and parallel form of ad-
atunder. Similarly
(6) Of state: On, in, etc.: Middle English names as Wydo del Beck't, John deBeckote,
William atte Beck, etc., that is, of or at the brook [*becket,
.
before sc-, sp-, St-, and (/-.]
^^^
prefix, bemg
- -, "
A. .. ,

as, to be alive [AS. on life] ; to be asleep

'

not found as a common noun, being appar. a dim. of beck, a reduced form (in Latin, and so in English,
[AS. on slwpe]; to set afire; to be afloat; to a brook, or perh,aps<01'". beci}tiet,bequet, a pike (fish), dim. etc.) of the Latin prefLx ad- before sc-, s}>-, st-,
set adrift. In this use now applicable to any verb (but of bcc, beak]. and ;/-, as in ascend, asjiire, aspect, astringent,
chiefly to'monosyllables and dissyllables) taken as a noun
as, to' be aglow with excitement to be a-swim ; to be all a-.
;
A
prefix or an initial and generally insepara- agnate, etc.
:

atrembU. (c) Of time : On, in, at, by, etc., re- ble particle. It is a relic of
various Teutonic a-is. [< ME. a-, < OF. a-, < L. ab- : see ab-.]
maining in some colloquial expressions: as, to and classical
particles, as follows : prefix, being a reduced form (in Middle A
stay out a nights (often written o' nights); to
a-l. [<JIE. n-,<AS. a-(=OS.o- =
OHG. ar-, ir-, English, etc.) of Latin ab-, as iu abate (which
go "fishing n Sunday ; now a days (generally !()-, JIHGr. ir-.
er-, G. er- =
Goth, us-, before a see). In a few verbs this a- has taken a Latin
written nowadays). Common with adverbs of repe- vowel u:-,
before r ur-), a common unaccented semblance, as in abs-tain (treated as abstain),
tition: as, twice rt day [<ME. tides a dai, <..\S. twitva prefix of verbs, meaning ' away, out, up, on,' of- a.^-soil. See these words,
on dirg], once a week ME. ane.^ a icike, < AS. tene on ten merelyintensive, inmod. E. usually without a-l'l. [< L. a- for ab- before r : see ab-.] A
n<iiil, three times a year [cf. ME. thre sithes a yer, assignable force. It appears as au independent prefix, being a reduced form (in Latin, and so
< A.S. thrim sithuin un geiire], etc. o day being a reduced prep, in 0H6. iir, Goth, its, out, and as an ac- in English, etc.) of the Latin prefix ab-, from,
:

form o( on day (cf. to-day), equivalent to F. par jour, L.

per diem ; a year, of on year, equivalent to F. par an, L. cented prefix of nouns and adjectives in OHG. as iu avert (which see).
per annum, etc. But in'this construction the preposition MHG.
G. )-, D. <)(-, AS. or-, E. or- in ordeal a-15. [< ME. -, < OF. - for reg. OF. c-, es-,
a is now usually regarded as the indettnite article (vary-
and ort, q. v. In nouns from verbs in AS. - the < L. CX-, out : see e- and ex-.] prelLx, being A
ing to an before a vowel), "four miles an hour," "ten
cents a yard," etc., being explained as elliptical for " four
accent fell upon the pretLx, which then re- an altered form of f-, reduced form of Latin
miles in an hour," " ten cents /or a yard," etc. (f?) Of tained its length, and has in one word, namely, CX-, as in amend, aba.'ih, etc., aforee, afray (now
d-cumba, entered mod. E. with alYoree, affray), etc. (which see),
process : In course of, with a verbal noun hi-infi, E. oakum, < AS.
taken passively: as, the house is ii building; the reg. change of AS. ((- under 'accent, losing a-i''. [OIE. ri-, reduced form of oh- forpn-,<OF.
" while the ark'was preparing" (1 Pot. iii. 20); all semblance of a prefix.] unaccented en- : see (-!.] Anpreti.x, being a reduced form A
while these tilings were doing. The prepo- inseparable prefix of verbs, and of
nouns and of oh- for en-, iu some words now obsolete or
sitional use is clearly seen in the alterna- adjectives thence derived, originally imjdying spelled in semblance of the Latin, or restored,
tive construction with'iH.- as^ "Forty and si.x motion away,
but in earlier English merely as in acloy, acnmber, apair, etc., later accloy,
years was this temple in building," John ii. 20. intensive, or, as in modern
English, without iieeiimbir, modern eneiimbcr, inijiair, etc.
In modern use the preposition is omitted, and the verbal assignable force, as in abide, abode, arise, a-17. [Ult. < L. o/i, interj.] quasi-ju'efix, rep- A
noun is treated as a present participle taken passively awake, ago =
agone, etc. The difference between resenting original Latin ah, interj., in alas
:

as, the house iJ* t/uildin^r. But none of these forms of abide, arise, awake\ etc., and the simple verbs bitic, rise, (which see).
expression has Iwcome thoroughly popular, the popular wake, etc., is chiefly syllabic or rhythmic. In a few verbs
instinct being shown in the recent development of the this prettx has taken in spelling a Latin semblance, as in a-^*^. [<
Gr. a-, before a vowel av-, inseparable
desired "progressive passive participle"; as, the house i^ accurse, afriyfit, allay, fur a-curse, a-fright, a-lay. negative prefix, known as alpha privative (Gr.
being built, the work is beinfj done, etc. This construction,
JIE. a-, usually and prop, written sepa- (i- aTcpi/TiKuv), =L. ('- Goth. AS. E., etc., un-: =
though condemned by logicians and purists, is well estab- a--. [< prefix of Greek origin, called al- A
lisheil in popular speech, and will probably jiass into rately, a, < late AS. a, a reduced form of MK. see H-1.]
correct literary usage, (e) Of action : In, to, into and "as. an, on ; see 3, pre])., and oh.] An pha privative, the same as English un-, mean-
-less, used not only iu worils
with a verbal noun in -ing, taken actively. apparcnit prefix, properly a preposition, the ing not, without,
(1) with tje : as, to be a coming to be a doing to be a
: same as a^, prep. When used before a substantive it taken directly or through Latin from the
;

fighting. Now only eolloi|Uial or ijrovincial, literary forms wliat is really a pn-pusitional phrase, which is now Greek, as aby.w, adamant, aeatalectic, etc., but
usage omitting the preposition, and treating the verbal generally written as one word, with or without a hyphen, also as a naturalized English prefix iu new
noun as a jiresent participle as, to be coming to be and regarded as an advcrli or as a pretlicate adjective
; ;
formations, as aehromiitie, asexual, etc., esjje-
:

doing. (2) With verbs of motion as, to go a fishing to :

as, to lie abed, to be asleep, to be all a-tremble, etc. With
;

goawf>uing; to go a begging; to fall a crying; to set verbal nouns in -i'.'/ it fm-ms what is regarded iis a prrscnt cially in scientific terms, English or Now Latin,
a K<dng. The prep<)ailion is often joined to the noun participle, either active, as, tiiey are rt-conn'jii;(eiilliii|.1, in- as .iptiri/.r, Asiphonatit, etc.
by a hyphen, as, to go rt-fishing, or somettmes omitted, passive, :is, the house uas a.building. In the lallcr uses a-'''^ [<Gr. li- copulative (ii- iiOpoicTiK6v), com-
as, to go tl.-ihing, to set going, etc. Ftir other examples of the a is usinilly, and in all it would be properly, written
the used of (i-'i, jfrep,, see the prepositional phrases abed, separately, iis a preposition. See a-t, i^rep., where the uses
mcudy without, but sometimes and prop, with,
aboard, ahfad, etc., or the simple iKunis. are explained. the aspirate, il-, orig. *(7a- Skt. .v-, ,<(owi-. Cf. =
a*. [AJiother spelling of o, now WTitten o', are- a-3. [<ME. a-, or separately, a, <AS. a (only in (ir. (i/;n, together, E. same, q. v.] prefix of = A
dueed form of /, the /being dropped before _a iidiin, udfinc, aredueed form of of dime), a re- Greek origin, occurring unfelt in English acolyte.
consomiiit, and the vowel obscured. Cf. "", duced form of o/', K. ';/', ojf: see of, off, ami Hill Ijihous, etc.
-3, -'.] Areduced form of of, now generally cf. o-"*.] preU.x, being a reduced fiu'ni nf a--". [< Gr. il- intensive (li-
A tTTiTaTiKSv), prob. orig.
written ', a.s in man-o'-war, si.K '/clock, etc. Anglo-Saxon of, prop., English off, from, as the same as I'l- copulative see o-*".] prefix : A
in adoini (wliicli sec), or of later English of, as of Greek origin,
Tlio name of John a Oaunt. Shak., Blch. II., 1. :<. occurring uilfelt in atlas,
It's sUe a clocke. in ant ir, iifresh, al;i>i, etc. (which see). amaurosis, etc.
It. .Junson, Every Man in his Humor, i. 4.
a-*. [< Mil a-, a roduce<l form of of-, < AS. if-,
a-'-'l. [Ult. <Ai'. id, the.] prefix of Arabic A
same origin, occurring unfelt in itprieid, o'imulh,
afi (a), pron. \Yj. dial., corruption of /, being an intensive prefix, orig. tlie as o/, prcii.;
ha:iiril (for "a-iird), etc., commonly in the fidl
the nret olcmoMt, obHcured, of the diphthong see n-'< ami oj.] A prefix, being a reduced I'onu
iii.] A moilcm provincial corruption of the of Anglo-Saxon if-, nu intensivi^ jirofix, as iu f'lU'ui III-, See III--.
pronoun /. athirst, iihungereii (whicli see). -a. [L. -a (pi. -IV), It. -rt (pi. -e). Sp. Pg. -a

a" (ii), pron. [K. dial., <ME. dial. ((, corruptly |<.MK. a-, a reduced forin of and-, (]. v.] a-*".
(]>l. Or. -II. -'/ (pi. -at, L. spelling -if),
-as), AS. =
prefix, being a reduced form of anil- (which A or lost; in I';. lost, or rejiresented unfelt
-u, -e.
tor he, he, Ido, she, he, it, heo, hi, they.] Au
see), as in atonij^ (which see).
by sileut final i\] A sulllix cliaiacteristic of
olil (and modiTii provincial) corruption of all

feminine nouns and adji'elives of Greek or

gcndeni and both numbers of the third per- a-". [< ME. -, var. of i-, ;/-, c-, reduced forma
])re(l\, being one of A Latin origin or semblauce, many of which
Honul pronoun, lie, Hhe, it, they. So quotha, of gc, AH. ge-: se(< ('-.]
have been adopted in English without change.
that is, i/iiolh he, the reduced forms of the Angln-Snxou jirelix
liMiniplea arc: (ii) (ircek (Ihst ileelension in Latin
A linliblcd of KTeen fleldn. .Shnk., Hon, V., 11. :i. ge- (see i-), as iu along- [< AS. g'lniig], aware spelling), idea, coma, basilica, mania, etc. {b) Latin (llrst ;

[< AH. i/e-irar], ii_foril, now spelled afford, aim- ilei-lension), area, arena, .formula, copula, nebula, eerlebra,
a'' (n), r. [E. dial., < MK. ti, ha, reduced form
ulaling'tlie Latiuprcfix af- [< AS. gi'forlhiun], elc, whence (r). In Italian, ojiera, ^iiaz:a, stanza, etc.
of fiiiri; the r being droiipi-il us in n* or ' for (if) Spanish, armada, lialilln. uinntdla, etc.; (>) Portu-
among [< AH. ge-mani/, mixed with ou-gc-mang
of ('>v).| An old (and ni'olini provinrinl) ni\>\ lin-ininifi],' I'iv. The sainc jirelix iH other-
guese, madeira ; (/) New Latin, ehielly in selentillc terms,
alumina, soda, silien, elc. dahlia, fuchsia, camellia,
corruptiipii of harr nn on au.'tiliary verb, im- ;

wise Hiielleil iti enough, iiri.i, i/ehpl, etc. wi^tana, etc., iiulirba, lininta, etc.; eonnnop in geo-
accentt'il, and formorly also ati a principal nanus derived from or fornu'd aecordlng to
a-'?. [<MK. a-, reduced fnriii of at-, < AH. at- Kranlilial
verb. later E. with on-foran Ijltiu or lireik, as Asia, .llrica, America, I'olmiesia,
in al-foritii, inixiul in
Ihad not thMiiKhtni)rh<xly'nril>l n yli^Med. Beau.nwl h'l. Aruloa. /'/i.n'i/ii. etc. In Kuglish this snillx nnu-k sex
aforo: hco afore.] A prefix, being a rodui'ed only in iiersotntl names, as in f'uruelia, .lulia, Maria,
a^ (A). (He, usually written ', = E. all, like form of ol-, mixed with "- for on-, in afnrr Anna i-lc. (snnie having a eori-espondlng maHcnllms as
8c. crt'=i;. call, fa' = fait, ha' = hall, etc.] (which nee), Ciicii. (i'i/, .luliut. etc), and in a few teudnlne terms from

All. Do- Ilallan, Spanish, eti-., having a lorresponillng mascn-

a-". (< Ml'), a-, a reduced ferin of at in north. Inic, a.* duuu'i. dot\a, dueinul, siifuuru, seliora, siiltaiut,
Kor that, an' i' Mini,
n' K., after led. at, to, bh a siirn of the infln., like iiiitumrata, \'\c nvspondlng to nnweullne (/on, tfi'f/nor,
tll4 riband, h' ii roi' a' that. E. '" Hce III.]
.
A
prefix, in iiiln, origiimlly xrt\or, sultan, inamorato, etc.
T)i' nmii o' iri'l. [.. ii-lrnl minil,
III' I'liiks an' IhiuIih at a' tlint.
at do, northeni EngliHli infinitive, e(|uivalent to a'-^. [L. -0, 111. to -um, = Or. -a, pi. to -oi', 2d
Dunu, For A' Tliat. Englixh to do. See ado. ^ declension ; L. -a, -i-a, pi. to -um, -c, = Or. -a,
 J ;

-a abacus
neut. pi., 3fl declension lost in AS. and E., as Aaronitic (ar-on-it'ik), a. [iAaronitc
; +
-i>.] abacinate, abacination. See abbacinate, ab-
in head, deer, sheep, etc., pi., without suffix. Uf or pertaining to the Aaronites. hiicindtion.
A suffix, the nominative neuter plural ending of The assftmptioli that the repi'esentations in regard to abaciscus (ab-a-sis'kus), 11.; pi. abacisci (-i).
nouns and adjectives of the second and third the origin of the Aaronitic priesthood are essentially false [MJj., < Gr. ajiuKioKOi;, a small stone for inlay-
cannot be sustained, unless it can be proved that
declensions in Greek or Latin, some of which Uebrcw well literature did nut arise until about the eighth cen-
ing, dim. of afia^: see abacus.'] In arch., a di-
have been adopted in English without change tury K. a, as the critics claim. minutive of abacus in its various senses. Also
of ending. Examples -.in:: () iii (IriLk, iilu'iuimnia, Schaff-llerzoij, Encyc, p. 192:i. called abaculiis.
plural of phenoitu'wut, iniu^intala, iilurul 'nf niui^uun.!-), Aaron's-beard (ar'onz- or a'ronz-berd), . abacist (ab'a-sist), m. '[=It. abachista, an arith-
{b) in Latin, utra/o., plural slnilniii, data, plural
etc. ;

of datum, genera, plural ot <iiims, etc.

<tf

Sumc of these LSc'c Ps. cxxxiii. 2.'] 1. A

dwarf evergreen metician, < Ml. abacista, < L. abacus: see aba-
words have also an l'>i:.ilisli plural, as automatomf, cri- shrub, Jlypericiiin cttliicittiim, with large flowers cus, 2.] One who uses an abacus in casting
teriona, doffiiian, inruiuriinthims, inediuinn, besides the (the largest of the genus) and numerous accounts a calculator. ;

Greek or Latin plurals, automata, ri-ttt-ria. dogmata, stamens, a native of southeastern Europe, abacfel (a-bak' ), adv. [< ME. ahak, a hak, on bak,
memoranda, media, etc. This suttix is ninimun in New
Latin names of classes of animals, as in Mamundia, Am- and sometimes found in cultivation; St.-John's- < AS. OH base, on or to the back, backward, =
phibUl, Crustacea, Protmoa, etc., these beint; properly wort: so called from the conspicuous hair-like Jcel. d baki, aback see a^ and liack'i-.'] 1. 'To- :

adjectives, agreeing with animutiu understood. stamens.

2. The smoke-tree, i?/iHS Cotiinia.
ward the back or rear ; backward rearward ;

-a^. [Sometimes written, and treated in dic- 3. A

species of saxifrage {Saxifraya siiniivii- regressively.
tionaries, as a separate syllable, but prop, tosa) found in cultivation; Chinese saxifrage. They drewe abacke, jis halfe with shame confouniL
written as a suffix, being prob. a relic of the Aaron's-rod (ar'onz- or a'rgnz-rod), ?i. [See Speiuter, .Shep. Cal. (.Mine).
ME. inflexive -e, which in poetry was pro- Ex. vii. 10; Num. xvii. 8.] 1. In arch., an orna- 2. On or at the back behind from behind. ; ;

nounced (e. ff., ME. stil-e, mU-c: see quot.) ment consisting of a straight rod from which His gallie being set uprui both before and olxirke.
. . .

whenever the meter required it, long after it pointed loaves sprout on either side. The term Knotlfs, Hist, of Turks, fol. S79 A.
had ceased to be pronoimcod in prose.] An is also .'iiiplied to an ornament consisting of a rod with 3. Away; aloof. [Scotch.]
unmeaning syllable, used in old ballads and one seipint (nitwined about it, as distinguished from a Oh, would th^ stay aback frae courts.
caducrus, which has two serpents. And please themsel's wi' country sports.
songs to fill out a line.
Jog on, jog on, the footpath way.
2. A
popular name of several plants with tall Burnt!, The Twa Dogs.
And merrily hent the stile-a ; flowering stems, as the goldenrod, the hag-ta-
4. Ago as, "eight days o6oc/.-,"-Z?o&s. [Prov.

:
A merry heart goes all the day, per, etc.
Your sad tires in a niile-a.
Eng.] 5. Naut., in or into the condition of re-
Ab(ab), re. [Heb. Cf.Heb. e6, verdure.] The ceiving the wind from ahead; with the wind
Quoted by Shak., W. T., iv. 2. eleventh month of the Jewish civil year, and
acting on the forward side said of a ship or of
aam (am), n. [< D. aam, a liquid measure, the fifth of the ecclesiastical year, answering her sails Laid ahack (najtt.), said of sails (or of
:

= G. ahm, also ohm (see o/oh), =

Icel. dma, to a part of July and a part of August. In the vessels) when they are placed in the same position as when
<ML. wuu, a tub, tierce, < L. hania, ama, <Gr. Sjriac calendar Ab is the last summer month. taken aback, in order to effect an immediate retreat, or
a/iv, a water-bucket, pail.] A
measure of ab-. [L. ab-, preji. ab, older form ap Etrur. = to give the ship sternway, so as to avoid some danger dis-
liquids used, especially for wine and oil, oi! =
Gr. (JTO Skt. ajia = =
Goth. af= OHG. aba, covered before her. Taken aback, (a) Naut., said of a
vessel's sails when caught ly tlie wind in such a way as
in Holland, Germany, Switzerland, Livonia, MHG. G. ab
AH. of (rarely, as a prefix, /-), to press them aft against the Tiiast. Hence ((;) Figura-
Esthonia, Denmark, and Sweden j a tierce. E. "f, ojf : see of, off, apo, and n-l3, n-l'*.] A
tively, suddenly or unexpeete.lly ebeeked, confounded, or
Its value differs in different localities thus, in Amsterdam
:
prefix of Latin origin, denoting disjunction, disappointed: as, he was quite laLrn aback when he was
an aam of wine = 41 gallons, and an aam of oil = 375 &^^- separation,
or departure, off, from, away, etc., refused admittance.
To brace aback (naut.), to swing
Ions while in Brunswick an aam of oil = 39J gallons.
; (the yards) rouml by means of the braces, so that the
Also written aum, autne, awm, awme. as in ahdiict, ahjurc, etc. Before c and (, ab becomes sails may be aback, in order to check a ship's progress or
(in Latin, and so in English, etc.) abs, as in abscoixd, ab- give her sternway.
stain, etc. ; before v and m, it becomes a, as in avert,
amentia, etc.
In abbacinate and abbreviate, the prefix aback-t (ab'ak), n. [<L. abacus: see abacus.']
(reduced to a- in abridtjc, which see) is rather an assimi- All abacus, or something resembling one, as a
lation of ad-. flat, square stone, or a square compartment.
A. B. 1. -An abbreviation of the Middle and abacot (ab'a-kot), re. Like abocock, etc., an erro-
New Latin Artium Baccalaureus, Bachelor of neous book-form of bycocket (which see).
-Arts. In England it is more commonly written abactinal (ab-ak'ti-nal), a. [< L. ab, from,-t- E.
B. A. See bachelor. 2. An abbreviation of actinah] In zodl., remote from the actinal or
able-bodied, placed after the name of a seaman oral area; hence, devoid of rays; aboral. The
on a ship's papers. abactinal surface may be cither the upper or lower surface,
abal (ab'ii), re. [<Ar. 'a6.] 1. A coarse woolen according to the position of the mouth.
stuff, woven of goats' or camels' or other hair or abactinally (ab-ak'ti-nal-i), adv. In an abac-
wool in Syria, Arabia, and neighboring coun- tinal direction or position.
.^-si^Kl
J^ tries. It is generally striped, sometimes in plain bars of The ambulacral plates have the pores directly super-
black and white or blue and white, sometimes in more posed abactinally. P. M. Duncan, Geol. Mag., II. 492.
Aardvarlc {Orycteropus capettsis).
elaborate patterns.
abactio (ab-ak'shi-o), re. [NL., < L. abigere,
aardvark (ard'vark), [D., < aarde, = E. 2. (a) -in outer garment made of the above,
. cb'ive away : see abactor.] In med., an abor-
earth, + vark, used only in dim. form varkeii, very simple in form, worn by the Arabs of the
tion produced by art.
a pig, = E. /arroHil and E. jwrf', q. v.] The desert. The illustration shows such an aba, made of
two breadths of stuff sewed together to make an oblong abaction (ab-ak'shon), re. [< NL. n6actto(re-) :
ground-hog or earth-pig of South Africa. See about foin- by nine feet. This is then folded at the lines see abactio.] In law, the stealing of a number
Orycteropus. a b, a b, the top edges are sewed together at a c, a c, and of cattle at one tihie.
armlioles are cut at a/,af. A little simple embroidery in abactor (ab-ak'tor), )/. [L.,< abactus, pp. of 6j-
gere, drive off, < ab, off, -t- agere, drive. ] In law,
one who feloniously drives away or steals a
herd or numbers of cattle at once, "in distinction
from one who steals a single beast or a few.
abaculus(al>ak'u-lus), re. pi. abaculi (-U). [L., ;

dim. of abacus.] Literally, a small abacus,

specifically, one of the little cubes or slabs of colored
glass, enamel, stone, or other material employed in mo-
saic work or in marquetry. A\so called abaciscus.
abacus (ab'a-kus), re. pi. abaci (-si). [L., a ;

'^*yW sideboard, counting-table, etc., <L. abax, < Gr.

apa^, a reckoning-board, sideboard, etc. said ;
Aardwolf i^Proteles lalandi).
to be from Phen. abak, sand strewn on a sur-
face for writing, because the ancients used
aardwolf (iird'wulf), n. [D., < aarde, =E tables covered with sand on which to make
earth, + wolf= E. x'oJ/.] The earth-wolf of
South Africa. See Proteles. figures and diagrams.] 1. tray strewn with A
dust or sand, used
aaron' (ar'gn or a'ron), re. [A corrupt spelling
in ancient times for
of aron (Gr. apov), a form of Arum, in simula-
2.
tion of Aaron, a proper name.]
Arum macidatum. See Arum.
The plant colored wool on the two
Aaronic(a-ron'ik), a. [< LL. Aaron, < Gr. 'kapiiv,
sides of the breast completes the
garment, d e is the seam between the two breadths of
stuff, and tins is cohered by a piece of colored material.
(6) A garment of similar shape worn in the
calculating.
contrivance for cal-
culating, consisting
A
P "f
< Heb. Aharon, perhaps, says Gesenius, the same
of beads or balls
to'wns, made of finer material. strung on wires or
with hdron, a mountaineer, < haram, be high. ]
Over the Kamis is thrown a long-skirted and short- rods set in a frame.
1. Pertaining to Aaron, the brother of Moses, sleeved cloak of camel's hair, calli5d an Aba. It is made The abacus was used, with Chinese Abacus, for calculating'.
or to the Jewish priestly order, of which he in many patterns, and of all materials, from pure silk to some vaiiations in form,
was the first high priest: "as, the Jaropcpriest- coarse sheep's wool. R. F. Burton, El-Medinah, p. 150.
by the Greeks and Romans, and is still in everj*-day use in
hood Aaronic vestments.
;
2. In the Mormon Also spelled abba.
hierarchy, of or pertaining to the second or aba" (ab'a), re. [From the name of the in-
many eastern countries, from Russia to Japan, for even
the most complex calculations. Tlit- .'^and-strewn tray is
supposed to have been introduced from Babylon into
lesser order of priests. See priesthood and ventor.] An altazimuth instrument, designed Greece by Pythagoras, who taught both arithmetic and
Mormon. byAntoine d'Abbadie, for determining latitude geometry upon it hence this iwin is sometimes called
;

Aaronical (a-ron'i-kal), a. \_<. Aaronic + -al.~\ oil land without the use of an artificial hori- abacus Pythagoricus. In the form with movable balls,
Pertaining to or resembUug the Aaronic zon. X. E. 1>. these ax'e used simply as counters tu record the suc-
cessive stages of a mental operatii<n. The sum shown
priesthood. abaca (ab'a-kii), re. The native Philippine name In the annexed engi*aving of a (.'liinese abacus (called
Aaronite or a'ron-it), n. [< Aaron +
(.ar'on-it of the plant Musa textilis, which yields manila swanpan, or "reckoning-board") i.s f>, 196,301.
ile'i.'] A descendant of Aaron, the brother of hemp. Also spelled abaka. 3. In arch.', (a) The slab or plinth which
Moses. The Aaronites were hereditary priests in the abacay (ab'a-ka), n. [Native name.] A kind forms the upper member of the capital of a
Jewish church, and next to the high priest in dignity. of white parrot; a calangay. column or pillar, and upon which rests, in
 ;

abacns abannltion
classic styles, the lower surface of the archi- tened ledge or columella, and a subspiral row forsaken ; left to destruction: as, an abandoned
trave. In the Greek Doric it is thick ami square, with- of perforations extending from the apex to the ship.
out sculpture J ilecoration ; in the Ionic onler it is thiimer, If . . . we had no hopes of a better state after this,
an J ornamented 1thmold- . . . we Christians should be the most abandoned and
iiigs on tile sides in the ; wretched creatures. Atterbuni, On 1 Cor. xv. 19.
Corinthian also it is orna-
mented, and has concave 2. Given up, as to 'vice, especially to the indul-
sides and truncated cor- gence of vicious appetites or passions shame- ;

ners. In medieval archi- lessly and recklessly wicked profligate. ;

tecture the entablature was MTiere our abandoned youth she sees,
abandoned and the arch Shipwrecked in luxuiy and lost in ease. Prior, Ode.
placed directly on the col-
umn or pillar the abacus, =Syn. 1. Forsaken, deserted, given up, relinquished,
however, was retained until
;
discarded, rejected, destitute, forlorn. 2. Projlifjate,
Abandoned. lit'probatf, depraved, colTupt, vicious,
the decline of the style. In
Byzantine work it is often wicked, unprincipled, hardened, dead to honor, incor-
rigible, irreclaimable. Frojli'jate, abandoned, reprobate
a deep block afhliated with
express extreme wickedness that has cast off moral re-
classic examples. In western styles every variety of size,
straint. Profiirrate is applied to one who throws away
shape, and ornamentation occurs. The general use of
means and cliaraeter in the pursuit of vice, and especially
a p<dy{:onal or round abacus, as more cons<.>nant ^vith Abalone, or Ear.shelL denotes depravity exliibited outwardly and conspicuously
neiiihboring forms than the square shape, is one of the
in conduct hence it may be used to characterize political
;
distinctive features of perfected Pointeil arcliiteeture.
distal margin of the shell. They are used for or- conduct; as, a proili;rate adniinistratioii. Abandoned is
(i) Any rectangularslab or piece especially, ;
namental purposes, such as iidaying, and for the manu- applied to one who
has given himself wholly up to the
a stone or marble tablet serving as a side- facture of buttons and other articles. Also called car- gratification of vicious propensities ; it is stronger than
board, shelf, or credence. 4. In Bom. antiq., shell, and by the .lapanese atrabi (which see), AbalOne-
meat, the dried animal of the abalone. It is exported
projtifjate and weaker than reprobate. Jiepi-ohate is applied
to one who has liecome insensible to reproof and is past
a board divided into compartments, for use in a
game of the nature of draughts, etc. 5. The from Oalifornia in large quantities.
abamurus (ab-a-rau'rus), n. [ML., < aba- (OF.
hope ; from its use in the Bible it has become the theo-
logical term for hopeless .alienation from virtue or piety.
mystic staff carried by the grand master of the a ba.i, down, below) -1- L. miiriis, wall.] but- A (For compai-ison with depraved, etc, see criminal, a.)
Templars. Abacus hanuonicus. () In7ic. mn^lc,
tress, or a second wall added to streugtheu an-
Next age will see
a dia^im of the n<-'tes with their names. (&) The struc- A race more 2n'oJii!jate than we. Roscommon.
ture and arrangement of the keys or pedals of a musical other. JVeale.
To be negligent of what any one thinks of you, does not
instrument.
Abacus major, a trough in which gold is abanr ^a-ban'), v. t. [<n-i ban\ r., after + only show you lU'rogant but abandoned, J. Hughes.
waslied. E. /(.Abacus Pyxhagoricus. See 2, above. ME. atHi)ine()>), < AS. abannan, summon by In works they deny him, being abominable, and disobe-
Abaddon (a-bad'on), H. [L. Abaddon, < Gr. proclamation.] To ban; anathematize. See dient, and unto every good work reprobate. Tit. i. 16.
'AfSaSduv, < Heb. dbaddOn, destruction, < cibad, 6al, '

be or destroyed.] 1. The destroyer or

lost
V.
abandonedly (a-ban'dond-li), adv. In an
How durst the Bishops in this present
council of Trident aliandciiii'd manner; without moral restraint.
angel of the bottomless pit; ApoUyon (.which so solemnly to abanne and accurse all them that dared to
see). Rev. is. 11.
2. The place of destruc- find fault with the same? Bf. Jrivell, Works, II, 697,
abandonee
+ -((1, as if
(a-ban-do-ne'), m. {(.abandon, v.,
< F. abandonne : see abandoned.']
tion the depth of hell. abandt (a-band'), r. t. [Short for abandon.}
;
In hiu; one to whom anything is abandoned.
In all her gates Abaddon rues 1. To abandon (which see).
Thy bold attempt. 3lUton, P. K., iv. 624.
abandoner (a-ban'don-er), H. l<abandon, v.,
And Vortiger enforst the kingdome to aband. + -(/!.] One who abandons.
abadevine, n. Same as aberdevine. Spenser, F. Q., II. x. 65.
Abandoner of revells, mute, contemplatiue.
abadir (ab'a-der), n. Among the Phenicians, 2. To exile ; expel. Beau, and Fl., Two Noble Kinsmen.
;iintteoric stone worshiped as di%Tiie. See the enemies to aband
'Tis better far
abandonment (a-ban'dou-ment), n. [<F.
l'<rliilus. Quite from thy borders. Mir. /or Mags., p. 110,
ahiindiinnnii(nt,<.abandonncr, give up (see aban-
abaft (a-baff), adv. and prep. [<ME. "abaft, abandon (a-ban'dou), v. t. [< ME. abandoncn, don, v.), -nivnt.1 + 1. The act of abandoning,
ohaft, oh baft : see a^ anibaft^.'] Xaut., behind; abandouneh, < 01^^ ahanduuer, abandoner (F. or the state of being abandoned ; absolute re-
aft ; in or at the back or hind part of a ship, =
abandonner li. abandonnarc), abandon, equiv. linquishment ; total desertion.
or the parts which lie toward the stern op- :
to mcttre a handun, put tmder any one's jiu'is- The ablest men in tile christian eoniinunity vied with
posed to forward; relatively, further aft, or diction, leave to any one's discretion or mercy, one aiiutlur in ineulratiiii^ as tlie liiuhest loi-iii of duty the
toward the stern: as, abaft the mainmast etc., < baiidon, in ME. as an adv. abandon,
iiliantlo/iiiient of social ties and tile nii'i-titleatiiin of domes-
tic alfeetions, Leehij, Europ, llorals, 11. 140.
(astern). abandoun, \mder one's Jurisdiction, in one's dis-
The crew stood ab<^ft the windlass and hauled the jib 2. Abandon ; enthusiasm ; freedom from con-
cretion or power: a (< L. ad), at, to; handon,
down. Ji. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 32.
a proclamation, decree, order, .iurisdiction, = straint.
Abaft the beam (/uiwf.), behind a line dra\vn through There can be no gi'eatness without abandonment.
Pr. bandon, < ML. *bando{n-), extended form of JCinerson, Works and Days.
the middle of a ship .at right angles to the keel.
liandnm, more correctly bannum, a proclama-
abaisancet (a-bii'sans), ji. [<0F. abaissancc, In eloquence the great triumphs of the art are, when
tion, decree, ban: see /whI, .] 1. To detach the orator is lifted above himself. Hence the term
abasfmcnt, htimility (see aba.fc) in E. use con- ;
. . .

or withdraw one's self from; leave, (a) To de- abandonment, to describe the self-sm-rendcr of the orator.
fused with ofcciVincc] Same as obeisanee : as,
sert forsake utterly as, to abandon one's home to aban-
; : ; Emerson, Art.
"to make a iovf abaissance," fikinner, Etymol. don duty. 3. In lam: (a) The relinquishment of a pos-
Linfr.Ang. Abandon to strength and counsel join'd
fear ;
session, privilege, or claim, (i) The voluntary
abaiser (a-ba's6r), h. [Origin not ascertained.] Think nothing hard, much less to be despair'd.
leaving of a person to whom one is bound by
Ivury-black or animal charcoal. If'ealc ; Sim- .Vi((o;, 1". L., vl. 484.

To
give up; cease to occupy one's self with cease to
a relationship of obligation, as a wife, husband,
moiidx.
abalssS fa-ba-sa'), p. a. [F.; pp. of abaisser, de-
{l})

use, follow, etc.: as, to abandon an enterprise; this cus-

;

press, lower: nee abase.l In lier., depressed.
Applied t" the fesse or any other bearing having a definite
place in tlie shield when it is depressed, or situated below
its Uflual jihK'e ills.) applied to the wings of an eagle
;
as open, but lower than when aut.
when reprea.'iited
plaf/f'l (whi'h s.-e). Also abatt'-.d.
abaissed Oi-biist'), ;j. a. Same as abaiss6.
abaistt, //' L^"'j- j <""^ of numerous forms of the
pj>. (if oZ/j/.woH ; K(-onfca/i.]
or child ; desertion.
4. In mariliinc hnr, the
tom was long ago abandoii'-iL (c) To resign, forego, or re- surrender of a ship and freight by the owner
nounce ; relihquish all concern in : as, to abandon the
to one who has become liis creditor through
cares of empire.
contracts made l\v the latter with the master
To understand him. and to be charitable to him, we of the ship. In effect such an abandonment
should remember that he abandan.t the vantage-gniunil
may release the owner from further responsi-
of authorship, and allows his readers to see him without
any decorous disguise or show of dignity.
Whipptf, Ess. and Rev., I. 167.
bility.
5. In marine insurance, the relinquish-
ing to underwriters of all the projierty saved
yield up without re-
contnd of
(d) To roliniiulsh the from loss by sliiinvreck, capture, or other peril
Abashed. Chaucer, straint
;

as, he abandonrit the city to the colKpieror.

:
provided against in the policy, in ordertliat tho
abaka, ". Set- almca. To outlaw; banish; drive out or away.
pret. and pp.
2t. insured may be entitled to iiidemnilication for
abalienate (ab-a'lyen-at),
abalicmilcd, jipr. abalicnaliny.
V. I.;
[< L. abalicna-
Being all this thne abandon'd from your bed.
Shak., T. of the 8., Ind., 2.
a total loss.
6. In the ch.s^dh.s', the giving up of
an iirticlo by the iiiii>orter to avoid payment of
pp. of alialwnare, separate, transfer the To
reject or renounce.
lii.i,

ownerahip of, estrange, < fc, fron], -f- /(VH)r,

St.
BlcBseil shall ye bo when men shall hate you and aban-
the duty
Abandonment for wrongs, in hi/ law,
the relinqulshnieiit uf a slave or an aniiiia! that had eoin-
Heparate, nlicnate: Hee alirnntr,] 1. In civil don your name as evil. Wiciws .V, 7'., Luke vl, 22, niitted a trespass to the iierson injured, in diHcharge of
lair, to transfer the title of from oni' to anotlier 4. In roni., to relinf|iiish to the underwriters the owner's liability tor (he trespass,- Abandonment Of
make over to anotlier, as goods. 2\. To es- as to slii]is or gomis insured, iis
all cldiiii to, railways, In Kno. hnr, the title of a statute uniler which
liny Hilieine for nialdng a railway may be itlinniloped and
trange or wholly withdraw. a preliminary toward recovering for a total the eoiiqmny dissnlved by wtimint of the Hoard of Tiaile
So to iMwftch them, ho afialimate their minds. loss. See abandon nirnt. To abandon one's and i-iinsent of time ilftliwof the stock, Abandonment
Ahp. Sandyi, Sermons, fol. 132b. BOlf, to yield one's self up without attcmpl at control or Of an action, in .Sl/^ law, the act by whUh the iiinsuer
Helf-rcHtralnt as, to abandon oiu-'it e(l' to gijef. = Syn. 1.
: aliandoliH the ruiise. VN'hell this is done, the juir.suev must
abalienated (.il)-ii'lyen-fi-ted), p. a. l<abn- Fomakr, Ih-to-rt, Abandon, etc. (neti ,formki\ forego, sur- pay costs, but miiv bring a new netion. Abandonment o(
/i'/.'/'/. ] KHlrangiil; transferred, as J>vi)|)-
1. render, leave, evacuate (a iilace). dcHlKt fr-oni, forswear, the action is equivalent to the Kllgllsh flinctintiniianee,
erty.
2. In tmd.: (a) Ho dernyed or injured divest one's self of, throw away, (See list niiilernMfrn'''.) noiimii, itr nolle )<iiii(/i. Abandonment to tho sec-
ular arm, in ohl recles. loir, (he Iiiiiiiltng over of an
BH t<p ri'r|uire extirpntion, iih a jiurt of the body. abandont (a-han'don), H.l [<abandi}n,v.'] The
olfeiider by llie eliurcli to the rhil ant linritles for punish,
(/<) I)iriingcd, UM the mind. (<;) Corruptcil act of giving nji or relinqnisliiiig ; abandon- inent siii'li as enuld not be ailliiinistered l>y the ecclesi-
mortilii'd. ment. nstleiil ti'lliunals,

abalienation (ab-u-lypn-ft'shon), n. t<L. n/i- These heavy oxnctions have orraslonod an abandon of abandumt (n-ban'dum), . [ML., aUo ahan-
o/ir;i/i'>(H-),tranBfiTiif propCrty: see ahalieii- all iidiies but what are of the ilehersort. Lord Kavvi. diinnni a ml abiindonninrn formed in imitation ,

nf<".] 1. Tlio act of trnnHfcrring or making abandon (a-bon-dAl'i'), n.'- [F., < nbnndonnrr, of F. abiiiidini : see abandon.'] In old law, any-
over 111"- title to propiriy l^i unotlier; tlie slale give uji: see abandon, r.] AlmiHlonmont In thing t'lprleiled or coufisi'iiteil.
of being alinlieniiti'l iwf.r; r'strangement.
: '
naluralnesH of netion or iiiiinner freedom frcmi ; abanot See ohiict.
(nli'n-net), 11,

2. Ill /""/., fleraiigiin'ril ; I'lirriiiition. conHlrnint or vonvenlioniilily dash. ; abanga [Nnlive mime.] 'I'lie
(a-liniig'gll), H.
abalone fHl.ji-lo'ne), . [A Hp. form, of un- I love nbiiiiditn only whun iialurcH are capable of IIh^
fruit of a spi'ciog of ]inlin found in the island
known Cf. Sji. iibalorion, biiglen, gInKg
'olL-iri. CKtreniO rrverne, of St. Thonias.Wcst Indies, which is said to bo
lieadH.] A :"iiiTal niinii' on the I'aclfii: I'lmHt Fuller, in In Ifttb Cent., p, 22^
,W<iri;. WiiMofnl in piilinnnary disenses.
of the I'm!. I SlateH for marine hIu'IIh of llie abandoned (ii-ban'dond), /). a. [Pp. of alin)i- abannitiont, abannationt (ab-a-nisli'mi, -mi'-
family //<i'/-Wi./>r; (which nee), having an nval lion, r. in inillation of F. idiandonnf in same
;
sliiin ), n. < ML. alninnitio(n-), abannatio(n-), < I

form with a viry wide aperture, a narrow, flat- seuRCH, pp.of aliandonncr.'\ 1. iJosertod; utterly 'ahantiirc, -arc, after K. aban{nc) or ban, F. ban-
 ;:
;
;

abannition abatis
mr, banish seo a'ban.'\ : In old law, banishment Abashe you not for thys dcrkcncs. puts I)oth his hind feet to the ground at once, and observes
for a year, as a penalty for manslaughter. Caxton, Paris and "i^icnnc, p. 02. the same exactness of time in all the motions.
For she . . . never abashed. 4t. In falconry, to flutter; Vieat with the wings.
abaptiston(a-bap-tis't(in), ji.; pl.aha2>tista(-ta).
Holimhed, Chron., III. 1098. See 6ate'. = Syu. 1. To Abate, Subside, Intermit, de-
[ML., < Cir. ajid-KTWTor, ueut. of apdimaTOi, that
will not sink, < a- priv. + jiaTTTi(,tiv, dip, sink :
abashment (a-bash'ment), ahashe- n. [<ME. ci'case, decline, uiminish, lessen, wane, ebb, fall away, mod-
nicnt, after OF. abaLs.scment : see abash.'] erate, calm. Abate, to diminish in force or intensity: as, the
see baptuc. ] In siiry., an old form of trepan, the storm abated; "my wonder abated," Addison. Subside,
The act of abashing, or tfte state of being
erown of which was made conical, or provided to cease from agitation or commotion ; become less in
abashed ; confusion from shame ; consterna- <iuautity or amount: as, the waves subside; the excite-
with a ring, collar, or other contrivance, to pre-
tion; fear. ment of the people subsided. Abate is not so complete
vent it from penetrating the cranium too far. in its effect as subside. Intermit, to abate, subside, or
Which manner of abashment became her not ill.
abarthrosis (ab-iir-thro'sis), . [NL., < L. ah, Skelton, Poems. cease for a time.
away, from, + NL. arthrosis, q. v.] Same as And all her senses with abashment quite were quayld. Nor will the raging fever's Are abate
(iinrtlirnsis, Spenser, F. Q., III. viii. .'14. With golden canopies and beds of state.
abarticulation (ab-ar-tik-u-la'shgn), [<L. abasset, ' . Dryden, tr. of Lucretius, ii. 38.
Obsolete ferm of abash. Chaucer. '.

ab, from,-l- articulatio(n-), a jointing.] In aiiat.,

abassi, abassis (a-bas'i, -is), . See abbasi. A slight temporary fermentation allowed to subside, we
should see crystallizations more pure and of more various
a term sometimes used for diarthrosis, and also abastardizet (a-bas'tiir-diz), V. t. [<OF.'ofts- beauty. Marg. Fuller, Woman in IDth Cent., p. 37.
for synarthrosis. Also called dcarticulation. tardir (>F. ahdtardir), < a- (< L. ad, to) -f
abas, . See abbas, 1. A spring which intermits as often as every three min-
bastard: see bastard smA bastardize.'] To bas- utes. Nichols, Fil-eside Science, p. 11.
k bas (ii bii'). [F., down : a (<Li. ad), to has, tardize ; render illegitimate or base.
.
;

low see buae'^. ] A French phrase, down down

:
Being ourselves
! abatet (a-baf), . [< abate, v.'] Abatement or
with! as, a bas les aristocrates ! down with the Corrupted and abastardized thus. decrease.
aristocrats: opposed to rit'e, live, in vU'eleroi! Daniel, Queen's Arcadia. The abate of scruples or dragmes. Sir T. Broume.
long live the king, and similar phrases. Abastor [NL. (Gray, 1849).] A abate (ii-ba'te), n. See abbate.
(a-bas'tor), n.
abase (a-bas'), v, t. ; pret. and pp. abased, ppr. North American genus of ordinary hai-mless abated (a-ba'ted), p. a. ["< abate, v.'] In
abasing. [<ME. abesse (Gower), < OF. abais- serpents of the family Colubridw. A. erythro- decorative art, lowered, beaten down, or cut
siei; etc. (F. abaisscr), (.MXi. abassare, < L. ad grammus is the hoop-suake, an abundant species in damp away, as the background of an ornamental
marshy pat-
+ ML. bassare, lower, < LL. bassiis, low : see places in the southern United States.
tern in relief. Used specifically of stone-cutting; also
6as('l and bassK The ME. abasen, ahaisen, with abatable (a-ba'ta-bl), a. [< abate + -able. ] Ca- of metal when the pattern or inscription is to show bright
its many variants, appears always to have the pal.ile of being abated : as, an abatable writ or on dark, and the ground is therefore worked out with the
iiuisauee. graving-tool and left rough or hatched in lines.
sense of abash, q. v.] 1. To lower or depress,
as a thing; bringdown. [Eare.] abatamentumt (ab"a-ta-meu'tum), n. [ML., abatement (a-bat'ment), n. [< OF. abatement,
after abatement, q. v.] iabatre, beat down": see abate, .] 1. The
When suiideinly that Warriour gan abace In old Eng. law, the
ouster or disseizin of an heir, effected by the act of abating, or the state of being abated
His tlireatned speare. Spenser, F. Q., II. i. 26.
wrongful entry of a stranger after the ances- diminution, decrease, reduction, or mitigation
And will she yet abase her eyes on me?
Shak., Rich. III., i. 2. tor's death and before the heir had taken pos- as, abatement of grief or pain.

2. To reduce or lower, as in rank, estimation, session. The spirit of accumulation requires abatement
. . .

rather than increase. J. S. Mill, Pol. Econ., I. xiii. 2.

office, and the like ; depress ; humble degrade. ; abate (a-biit'), v.; pret. and pp. abated, ppr.
= Syn. Such sad abatement in the goal attained.
Abaiic, Drbase, Degrade, IlumiUate, Humble,
2. abiitimj. [< ME. ahaten, < OF. abatre (F. abat- Loxvell, Voyage to Vinland.
DUijnfce, depress, l)ring low, dishonor, cast down. Abase,
tre), < ML. abbatere, < L. ft -f batere, popular
to briii^' down in feelings or condition ; it is less often 2. The amount, quantity, or sum by which any-
used than Ituiniliate or hamble. Debase, to lower morally form of batuere, beat. In the legal sense, abate
had orig. a diff. prefix, en-, OF. enhatre, thrust thing is abated or reduced; deduction; de-
or in (inality as, a debased nature ; debased coinage. De-
:

crease. Specifically, a discount allowed for the prompt

grade, literally, to bring down a step, to lower in rank,
often used as an official or military term, but figuratively
(one's self) into, < en, in, batre, beat. See + payment of a debt, for damage, for overcharge, or for any
used of lowering morally as, intemperance degrades its
:
batterl, v., and fenfel.] I. trans._ If. To beat similar reason ; rebate.
victims a degrading employment. Humiliate, to reduce
;
down ;
pull or batter down. Would the Council of Regency consent to an abate-
in the estimation of one's self or of others it includes abase- : The king of Scots . . .sore abated the walls [of the ment of three thousand poimds?
ment of feeling or loss of self-respect. Humble, to abase, castle of Norhiim]. Hall, Chronicles, Hen. VIII., an. .^. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., xxii.
generally without ignominy; induce humility in; reflex-
ively, to become humble, restrain one's pride, act humbly.
2. To deduct ; subtract ; withdraw from con- 3. In her., a mark annexed to coat-armor, in
Disgraee, literally, to put out of favor, but always with sideration. order to denote some dishonorable act of the
ignominy bring shame upon.
; Nine thousand parishes, abating the odd hundreds. person bearing the coat of arms, or his illegiti-
Those that walk in pride he is able to abase. Dan. iv. 37. Fuller. mate descent. Nine marks for the former purpose
It is a kind of taking of God's name in vain to debase 3. To lessen ; diminish ; moderate as, to : are mentioned by heralds, but no instance of their actual
religion with such frivolous disputes. Hooker. abate a demand or a tax. use is on record. The bendlet or baton sinister (which see),
Every one is degraded, whether aware of or not, when a mark of illegitimacy, is of the nature of an abatement
it
Tally was the first who observed that friendship im- but the paternal shield, although charged with the baton
otluT jii-ople, without consulting him, take upon them- proves happiness and abates misery, by the doubling of sinister, would generally be the most honorable bearing
selves unlimited power to regulate his destiny. our joy and dividing of our grief.
J. S. Mill, Rep. Govt., viii.
within reach of the illegitimate son. Abatements gener-
Addison, Spectator, No. 68. ally nmst be regarded as false heraldry, and are very
Me they me
they tortured, me they lash'd and
seized .and
4t. To deject ; depress. modern in their origin. The word is also used to denote
humiliated. Tennyson, Boadicea. the turning upside down of the whole shield, which was
For miserie doth bravest mindes abate.
He that kumbteth himself shall be exalted. Luke xiv. 11. Spenser, Mother Hub. Tale, 1.-256. common h\ the degrading of a knight. Also called rebate-
Do not disgrace the throne of thy glory. Jer. xiv. 21.
ment.
5. To deprive ; curtail.
Throwing down the stars [the nobles and senators] to
abased (a-basf), p. a. In her., the same as She hath abated me my train. Shak.,
of half Lear, ii. 4. the ground; putting dishonourable abatements into the
abuissc. fairest coats of arms. J. Spencer, Righteous Ruler.
6t. To deprive of ; take away from.
abasement (a-bas'ment), . [< abase -ment, + I would abate her nothing. Shak., Cymbeline, i. 5. 4. In law : () Removal or destruction, as of
after F. abais.sement, lowering, depression, hu-
a nuisance. (6) Failure ; premature end sus-
miliation.] The
act of abasing, humbling, or 7. In law: (a) To cause
to fail; extinguish:
pension or diminution, as of an action or of a
;

bringing low a state of depression, degrada- as, a cause of action for damages for a per-
legacy. See abate, (c) The act of intruding
;

tion, or humiliation. sonal tort is abated by the death of either

abash (a-liash'), v. [< ME. abashen. abassen, aba-
sen, abaixcii, etc., < AF. abaiss-, OF.
extended stem of aba(h)ir, eba{h)ir, earlier
esbakir i>F. s'ebahir), be astonished (= Wal-
loon csbiiwi = It. shaire, be astonished), < es-
(<L. ex, out: see f.r-) bctkir, ba'ir, express + abated if the assets, after satisf.ying the debts,
astonishment, prob. < bah, interjection express-
ing astonishment. The T>. verbazcn, astonish,
may be a derivative of OF. esfio/i jr.] I. trans.
To confuse or confound, as by suddenly ex-
citing a consciousness of guilt, error, inferi-
ority, 'etc. ; destroy the self-possession of;
make ashamed or dispirited; put to confu-
sion. = Zya. Abash, Coi\fuse, Confound, discompose, dis-
concert, put out of counteniince, daunt, overawe. (See
list under confuse.) Abash is a stronger word than con-
fuse, but not so strong as confound. We are abashed in
tlic presence of superiors or when detected
misconduct. When we are confused we lose in some
in vice or
degree the control of our faculties, the speech falters,
and the thoughts lose their colierence. When we are
confounded the reason is overpowered a condition
produced by the force of argument, testimony, or detec-
tion, or by disastrous or awe-inspiring events.
Abashed the devil stood,
And felt how awful goodness is. .Villon. P. L., iv. 840.
Sudden he view'd, in spite of all lier art.
An earthly lover lurking at lier lieart.
on a freehold vacated by the death of its for-
party, (b) To suspend or stop the progress
mer owner, and not yet entered on by the heir
eba{h)is.s-, of : as, where the cause of action survives the
or devisee, (d) In revenue law : (1) A deduction
death of a part}', the action may be abated until from or refimding of duties on goods damaged
an executor or administrator can be appointed
and substituted, (c) To reduce as, a legacy is :
during importation or in store. (2) deduc- A
tion from the amount of a tax. The mode of
abatement is prescribed by statute. 5t. In
are not sufficient to pay it in full, (d) To de-
carp., the waste of a piece of stuff caused by-
stroy or remove ; put an end to (a nuisance).
A nuisance may be abated either by a public officer piu-su- working it into shape
piea In abatement, in
law, a defense on some ground that serves to suspend
ant to the judgment of a court, or by an aggrieved person
or defeat the particular action, and thus distinguished
exercising his common-law right.
from a plea in bar, which goes to the merits of the
8. In metal., to reduce to a lower temper. claim. Thus, a plea that the defendant is now insane
9. To steep in an alkaline solution usually : would be only a plea in abatement, because, if sustained,
shortened to bate. See bate^ Abated arms, it would at most only suspend the action while his
weapons whose edge or pomt is blunted for the tourna- insanity continued ; but a plea that he was insane at the
ment. Abating process, a process by which skins time of the transactions alleged would be a i>ha in bar,
are rendered soft and ]Mirous byputting them into a we.ak as showing that he never incurred any liability what-
solution of annnoniacal salt. ever. =Syn. 1. Decrease, decline, diminution, subsidence,
or become less intennission, waning, ebb. 2. Rebate, allowance, deduc-
II. intrans. 1. To decrease tion, discount, mitigation.
in strength or violence: as, pain aiates; the
abater (a-ba'ter), n. [See abator.] One who
storm has abated. or that which abates. See abator.
The very mind which admits your evidence to be unan- abatislf (ab'a-tis), .
sweralde will swing back to its old position the instant
[ML. ; lit., of the mea-
that the pressure of evidence abates. sures : L. rt, ab, from, of ; LL. hat us, < Gr. /SoTof,
O. H. Lewes, Probs. of Life and Mind, I. 6. <Heb. bath, a liquid measure : see bath^.] In
: {a) To fail; come to a premature the middle ages, an officer of the stables who
2. In law
as, an ac- had the eare of measuring out the provender
end stop progi-ess or diminish
;
:

Amazed, confused, he found Ids power expired. tion or oatise of action may abate by the death an avenor.
Pope, K, of L., iii. 146. ormarriage of a party, {b) To enter into afree- abatis^, abattis (a-ba-te' or ab'a-tis), n. [< F.
Confounded, that her Maker's eyes hold after the death of the last possessor, and abatis, demolition, felling, < OF" abateis, <ML.
Should look so near upon her foul defonnities.
before the heir or devisee takes possession. *abbaticius, < abbatere, beat down, fell: see
Milton, Nativity, ii. 43.
Blacksfnne.
3. In the manege, to perform well abate, .] 1. In fori., a barricade made of
Il.t reflex, and
intrans. To stand or be con- a downward motion. A horse is said to abate, or felled trees denuded of their smaller branches,
founded ; lose self-possession. take dowm his curvets, when, working upon ciurets, he with the butt-ends of the trunks embedded
 : . ; :

abatis abbey
in the earth or secured by pickets, and the voice downward toward the audience, or in abbayt, abbayet, Middle English forms of
sharpened ends of the branches directed up- anv desired direction. abbey^.
abawet, ;. t- [< ME. ahau-cn, abauen, < OF. ahaii- They carried him into the next abbay.
ward and outward toward an advancing en-
bir, astonish, < o- +
Ctiaucer, Prior's Tale.
baubir, batibki; stammer,
Tltey would rend this abbaye's massy nave.
< L. balbutire, stammer, < balbus (Or. baube), Scott, I. of L. .., ii. 14.
stammering: see ^ooby and balbuties. The ME.
form and sense seem to have been affected by abbi (a-ba'), [F.,< L. abbatem, aec. of abbas
In France, au abbot, (a) More gen-
OF. abahir, ebaliir, esbaliir, be astonished, for nee abbot.}especially before the French revolution
and
which see aZ)a*A.] Toabash; dazzle; astonish. erally,
(1) :

Any secular person, whether ecclesiastic or la>'miin, hold-

1 was abawed for mai'veile. Horn, of Hose, 1. 3646. ing an abbey 1/1 commeiutam, that is, enjoying a portion,
generally about one third, of its revenues, with certain hon.
abaxial (ab-ak'si-al), a. Same as abaxile. ors, but, except by privilege from the pope, having no ju.
abazile (ab-ak'sU), . [<L. ab, away from, risdiction over the monks, and not bound to resilience.
emy, for the purpose of obstructing his pro-
-t- axis : see axik.'] Not in the axis. Specifically, Such persons were styled abbt^.< com)aei}dataire..i, and were
gress. In neld iortifteations the abatis is usually cou in bot., applieii to an embryo placed out of the axis of required to lie in orders, tlmugb a di.-^pensatiuu from this
SructeJ in front of tlic flitch. See Mtineat,io,i. ^__^ ^^^^
the seed. form
.Another .u.,^
.,^u.e. = abaxud.
is ........... requirement was not unconinmnly obtained. (2) .\ title
2. In coal-mnung, ^yallsof cord-wood piled up jj^ abbe,< AS. Cib, short for dweb, assumed, either in the hope ol obtaining an abbey or for
i ._ g_^^ (j^^,.,_ _ |-,;
the sake of distinction, by a numerous class of men who
crosswise to keep the underground
, roads open -noof, idwefan (=0'B(i. arwebatt, G. irwcbcn), had studied tlieology, practised celibacy, and adopted a
so as to secure ventilation. [Leicestershire, weave, < a- + icefaii, weave: see o-l and weave, peculiar dress, but wiio had only a formal connection with
Eng.] tceb. From another form of (hceb, namely, the church, and were for the most part employed as tu-
abatised, abattised (ab'a-tist), j). a. Provided oweb, oicef, comes E. icoof, q. v.] 1. Yarn for tors in the families of the nobility, or engaged in literary
pursuits. (/') In recent usage, a title assumed, like the
with au iiljutis. the warp in wea\ing. 2. In irool-sortinff, one Italian title abbate (wliich see), by a class of unbeneficed
abat-jour (a-b;i'zhor), . [F. any contrivance of two qualities of wool known as coarse abb secular clerks.
,

or apparatus to admit light, or to throw it in a and line abb respectively. abbess (ab'es), n. [< ME. ahbesse, abbes, < OF.
desired direction, as a lamp-shade; <abaltrc, abba^ (ab'ii), . [L., < Gr. (2;3,3(!,< S\Tiac abba abbessc, abcssc = Pv. abadessa, <L. abbatissa,
throw down (see abate), +jour, day, daylight: and abbo = dial, abba = Keh. ab, father. See fem. of abbas : see abbot, and cf. abbotcss.} 1. A
see journal.} 1. A skylight, or any beveled ap- abbot.} Father. It is used in the New Testament female superior of a convent of nuns, regularly
ertiire made in the wall of an apartment or in three times (Mark xiv. 36, Kom. viii. 15, Gal. iv. 6), in each in the same religious orders in which the monks
a root, for tlie better admission of light from instance accompanied by its translation, "Aljba, Father," are governed by an abbot also, a superior of
above.
2. A sloping, box-like structure, flar- as an
tion.
invocation of the Deity, expressing close filial rela-
Either through its liturgical use in the Judeo- canonesses. An abbess is, in general, elected by the
;

ing upward and open at the top, attached to a Clu'istian church or through its employment by the Syriac nuns, and is subject to the bishop of the diocese, by whom
window on the outside, to prevent those within monks, it has passed into general ecclesiastical language she is invested according to a special rite called the bene-
from seeing objects below, or for the purpose in the modified form of abbat or abbot (wliich see). diction of an abbess. She must be at least forty years of
See o6i. age, ami must have been for eight yeiu-s a nun in the
of directing light downward into the window. abba2, j). same monasterv. She has the government of the convent,
[Also abater: abate + abbacinate (a-bas'i-nat), r. t. pret. and pp.
abator (a-ba'tor), )i. < with the administration of the goods of the community,
;

-trl, -or-.} One who or that which abates. uhliiicinated, ppr. abbacinatitig. [<ML. 6flfi- but cainiot, on account of licr sex, exercise any of the
Specifically, in law: (a) A person who Mitho\it right natus, pp. of abaeiuare (It. abbacinare OF. = spiritual functions pertaining to the luiesthood. Some-
enters into a freehold, on the death of the last possessor, abaciner), <. a- for ad-, to, -f bacinus, basin: times civil or feudal riglits liave been attached to the
before the heir or devisee. (6) An agent or cause by which otbcc of abbess, as also jurisdiction over other subordinate
One who removes a nui-
see basin.} To deprive of sight by placing a convents.
an abatement is prr,cured. (c)
sance. See abatis,abatement. red-hot copper basin close to the eyes: a A title
retained in Hanover, WUrtemberg,
2.
abattis, . See abatis-. mode of piuiishment employed in the middle Brunswick, and Schleswig-Holstein by the
^ < abatt-rc, kuoek as<'s. A\so spelled abacinate.
abattoir (a-bat-wor'),
_ . [F., lady superiors of the Protestant seminaries and
di7u" slaughter, +
-oi>(<L.-(7n'w), indicating abbacination (a-bas-i-na'shon), !. \_<abbaci- sisterhoods to which the property of certain
place.] A
public slaughter-house, in Europe natc.} The act or process of blinding a per- ccmvents was transferred at the Heformation.
and in the I'nited States abattuire of great size liave been son by placing a red-hot copper basin close to (ab'e), v. [< ME. abboje, abbai/e, etc.,
erected and provided ^ntl^ elaborate machinery fur the
abbeyl
the eyes. Also spelled ahacinatitm. abeie, abate, < LL. abbatia, an abbey, < L.
humane and rapiil slaughter of < OF.
large numbers of animals, and abbacy (ab'a-si;i, . ; pi. abbacies (-siz). [Earlier abbas, an abbot: see abbot.} 1. monastery A
for tlie proper commercial and abbatic, i'LL. abbatia: see abbeij^.} 1. The convent of
or
sanitjiry disposal of the waste office of an abbot; an abbot's dignity, rights,
nuiterial.
persons of either
privileges, and jurisdiction. sex devoted to
a battuta (a biit-to'tii).
According to Felinus, an abbacy is the dignity
[It.: see batc^, batter'^.}
itself,
religion and cel-
since abbot is a term or w(U'd of dignity, and not of office.
With the beat, in music, a Parergon.
ibacy, and gov-
Anliffe,
direction to resume strict time Owing
erned by an
to the vast wealth of the church, the chief offices
after the free declamation of a in and especially the bislioprics and the great abbacies,
it,
abbot or abbess
singer: chietly used in recita- had become positions of great worldly power and dignity. (which see).
tives. It is equivalent to a SdH/i, .Stud. iMed. Hist., p. L'Sil. Jit'jial and inivcnal
tfmj*o. Grove. abbeys were depen.
abature (ab'a-tur), n. [< 2. Anabbatial e.stablishment; an abbey with denton the supreme
OF. abatture, a throwing all tliat pertains to it. civil authority in
The abbot was elected by the monks of the monastery, their temporal ad-
down, pi. abatturcs, un- nuuistration; others
derbrusli trainj>led down, at least in the greater part of abbacies.
Adam Sii7/i, Wealth of Nations, v. 1. were episcopal, etc.
< abatre, beat down: see In exempt abbeys,
abate, v.} The mark or .Vlso palled abbotei/. the abbot or abbess
track of a beast of the abbandonatamenteiab-biln-do-nii-ta-men'tp), is subject not to the
bishop of the dio.
abban-
chase on the grass; foil- adr. [it., ablnind'inata, fern. pp. of <.
cese, but directly to
in
ilonare (see abandon), + adv. suffix -mentr, orig. the jiope.
AlMt.vent, 13th century. tr-

abat-vent (a-bii'von), . L. mcnte, abl. of mmx, mind: see mental.} In 2. The build-
music, with abandonment; so as to make tlio
+ mon-
[F., <abatlre, throw down (see abate), vent, I'lanof the Al)l'cyof St. Gernmin-dcs-Prfts, ings of a
wind : see vent.} 1. A
vertical series of slop time subordinate to tlio expression. I'nris, III llic 13th century.
astery or con-
i"uK roofs or bVoad slats, incHuedoutwanr'aiid
abbast, . [Pers.] 1. An Eastern weight for A church
.

country if.ite,
; D, cloister ; C, city gate D,
or Porte Pnpale ; II, cli.tptcr-
:

vent ; sonic-
downward, fonniiig ])carls", said to b(^ L',} grains troy.
abas.- 2. Same as iditjiisi, 1.
Also spoiled liousc, with (lonuitorlcs above;
of llie Virgin C, refectory H,
; ;
i-, Chii[>cl
cell.irs ' fimptt
'-""'^ ' "n partic-
the house
the filling of a belfry presses; 1, nbUit's loili,'int: K, ditches ; tilar,
light, and ili'signed to abbasi (a-bas'i), n. [Said to be named from the g.irdens; M, various liepcniicncies.
set ai>art for the
uilmit venlihition to Persian ruler Shah Abbas II.] 1. The name residence of the abbot or abbess. Afier the sup-
the timber frame of a silver coin formerly current in Persia. picssliitiof the l',iii;lib monasteries by Henry Vlll. many
while protecting the
U is lint certain to what intrticular coin the term was up- of tlie abbatial buildings were cimvcitid into private
plied according to Marsdtii. variiiUH pieces cotlu-ii in
: ihvelllngs, to which the name alilieti is still a]iplieil, as, tor
interior from rain 1084, 17IK1, anil 1701, and weighing about dwt. 17 gr., arc 1 example, Newstead .IWii'j/, tlie residence of Lord liyron.
and wind, ami to di- aiibuslH, and are worth about 2I cents. 3. A
chtircli now or formerly attached to a
rect downwnnl the 2. The 20-copeck silver piece circulating in
iiionastery or convent: as, Westminster .Ibliei/.
Hound of thi' bells. KuHsia, weighing about 01 grains, .500 fine, 4. Ill Sfiitliind. the sancdiury rnrmerly af-
2. A sloping roof, as and worth alioul SJ cents. foriloilby the abbey of llolyroml Palace, as
that of a l>eiilhoiine : Also written aba.isi, ahassin. hiiving been a royal residence,
o niimod becauHi' the abbatt (ab'at), V. Same ns abbot. abbey- fProb. a modification of
(ab'e),
'.

Hlopii neutralizes the abbate ('ib-l)ii'te), .; -[d. abbati {-W). [It.,alH(i abilc, simulation of <ilibrii'^.} A name
<\. v., in
force of the wiiid. abate, <.h. abbalim, ace. of alilms : noe abbot.} sonielinies given to the white jioplar, l'o]>ulus
3. Any <'ontrivniirT niji'f >'' A
title of honor, now given If) ecclosiasties alba. [lOiig. ]
dcHJgneil to act in Italy not otherwise designated, but formerly
aheltiT or j>rotecctiiin ' applied to all in any way conneclcil with cler-
from thf wind. Hp.. 111 ical afTairs. tribunals, ido., and wciiring the ee-
rally, n I'Volvhid mct;il- cleHiasticul dresH. Also spi'lUd aliatc.
llr ' ':: a viio'
Atl obi .Abate meek iiiiil mild.
ntl Inp of
rhii
.

; Ihc wbi'l
II
My friend and tcaclur wln-n child.
I,imnfell<::i, WayHlde Inn, .'td Inlir
fn.i dlreclly
down lU tlir..il abbatoBsef, . See abbotrs.i.
abat-volx n bii'vwo), 1 Trinity rhtirch. abbatial (a-lni'shinl), n. [< ML. nbbatiali
n. [K., ' iiiiitttre (Bce Yntk. \,\i. iilihatin : nev abbacji.} I'ertaining t" on
abale,r. ) + roij, voice abbot or abbey. a8, nn tilib(ttial bonodlctioii
HOC voice] A nonnding-bonrd over n pulpit alilnitial lands. obverse. Reverse.
or roatrura, dosignod to reflect the upeakor's abbaticalt (u-bal'i-kal), a. Havao B abbatial AbtJey.counter, in Uie HrltUli I^uteum.
 :

al)bey-coTiiiter 7 abdest
[It., also ahbozzato, syllable, taken for the whole, with no indication of the re-
abbev-counter (ah'e-kdun'ter), n. [<al)bey'>- abbozzo (ab-bot's6), n.
maining portion: as, A. V. for Anno Domini; Gen. toT
11 / .,l,Ur,^tnvrt \n t>lr/ifli
+
.
'
A kind of medal, stampedJ with
ooMtttef'l.J
i_i
1 ~i 1 - .^:i^U
1 _ I.' ,.l,^*.-,li
sketch, ,i..4-Kii^i
outline,
ilnliriri-
< /;Aor^firf', to sketch, dolino- ,/"./. ; oiath. for waltu'timtien ; Alex, for Alexander. A
f

sacved emblems, the arms of an abbey, or ate, also bosz(irr,<. bo^ga, blotcli, rough draft, ruutriirt:<m, on the fjllier hand, is nnide by the elision of

other device, given to a pilgrim as a token of = Pr. bossa (>1'\ bosac), swelling, < OHU. bozo, c( rtuin letters or syllables from the body of the word,
but manner as to indi-ale the whole word jis,
a bundle: see boss'^ and beat.'] The dead or i-erd.ill such a
;

his having visited the shrine a kind of pil- ;

payt. ov rec'd /"I'l't for neeirrd j"n/inent ; conlil.Uir
grim's sign (which see, under pUi/rim). lirst coloring laid on a picture after the sketch riHib-flrted or contiiiii'd ; Win. inf ]yi//itnn. In eoinmon
abbey-laird (ab'e-lard), n. [<fli6c(/l (in ref. has been blocko<l in. l\irs. Merrijield, Ancient usage, liuwever, this distinction is not always observed.
to the abljey of Holyrood) + laird, proprietor.] abbreviatio placitorum
Practice of Painting (1849), I. ccc. fa-bre-vi-a'shi-6 plas-
In Scotland, a name humoronsly applied to an abbr. A
(common abbreviation of abbreviated i-to'rutn). [ML.J Literally, an abridgment
insolvent debtor who escaped his creditors by and olihrcriatioii. of the pleas ; a brief report of law-cases spe- ;

taking refuge within the legal sanctuary for- abbreuvoir, See abrcuroir. cifically, notes of cases decided in the reign of
- - .
abbreviate (ii-bre'vi-at), )' . pj.gj._ j^,j(| pp_ (ii_ King .John, which constitute the earliest Eng-
. .

merly constituted by the precincts of Holy-

brcriatfd, ppr. abbrcviatiiifj. [< LL. abbrcriatiin, lish law-reports, and embody the germs and
'

rood Abbey.
abbey-land (ab'c-land), . l<abbeijl +lan(l']
An estate in land annexed to an abbey.
abbey-lubber (al/e-lub"er), n. [<n6fcc//l-l-
iKbber.] An old term of contempt for an able-
bodied idler who grew sleek and fat upo7i the
charity of religious houses: also sometimes
applied to monks.
This is no huge, overgrown
Drydeii, .Spanish Friar,
abbot (ab'ot), II. [< ME.
abbot, usually abbod, uhhud, < L. al)batfin, ace.
of abbas, an abbot, < L. abba, father : see
a66nl.] 1. Literally, father: a title originally
given to any monk, but afterward limited to
the head or superior of a monastery,
formerly especially used in the order of St. Benedict,
rector being employed by tlie .lesuits, ttuanti.anu-< by the
Franciscans', prior by the Dt.iminiians, arid urehimandrite
OY heijoumeiios hy the Greek and oriental elitnclies, to
desig'nate the same oHice. Originally the alibots, like the
monks, were usually laymen later they were required to ; [Kare.]
be in holy orders. They were at first subject to the bishop
but in the contentions between the bishops
pp. of abbreoiarc, shorten. < ad-, to, -t- brtris, (ally developments of the common law.
hort. The same L. verb, through the V., luis abbreviator (a-bre'vi-a-tor), . [< ML. ab-
liecome E. abridi/e : see abridi/c and briif. ] breriator, < LLii abbrcviare : see abbreviate, v.]
I. trans. 1. To make briefer; abridge; make 1. One who alibreviates, abridges, or reduces
shorter by contraction or omission of a part: to a smaller compass ; specifically, one who
as, to abbreviate a writing or a word. 2. In abridges what has been written by another.
math., to reduce to the lowest terms, as frac- Neither the archbishop nor his ablireviator.
tions. = Sjm. 1. To shorten, curtail, abridge, epitomize, Sir ]y. Hamilton, Logic.
abhe.i/-lubber.
reiUice, compress, condense, cut down.
iii. 3.
2. One of a number of secretaries in the chan-
abbot, abbod, < AS. II. in trans. To practise or use abbreviation. cery of the pope who abbreviate petitions ac-
It is one thing to abbreviate by contracting, another by cording to certain established and technical
cutting uir. Bacon, Essays, .\xvi. rules, and draw up the minutes of the apostolic
abbreviate (a-bre'vi-at), a. andn. [illj. ahhrc letters. They formerly numbered 72, of whom the 12 prin-
""
viatiis : SCO abbreviate, i'.] " '
' "'
I. a. Abbreviated.
^
i
cipal were styled de rnajori parco (literally, of the greater
parquet, from the parquet in the chancery where they
it was II, H. An abridgment ; an abstract. wrote) and 22 others de minori parco (of the lesser par-
The Speaker, taking the Bill in his hand, reads the Ab- quet), the remainder being.ot lower rank. The number ia
brci'iat>^ ur Al)stract of the said tiill. now reduced to 11, all de majori parco. They sign the
apostolic bulls in the name of the cardinal vice-chancellor.
Chambefltujnc, State of Great Britain.
The abbreviator of tlie curia is a prelate not belonging to
abbreviately (a-bre'vi-at-li), adv. Briefly.
the above college, but attached to the office of the apos-
tolic datary (see f/aM,ri/2); he expecjites bulls relating to
pontifical laws and constitutions, as for the canonization
Tile sweete smacke that Yarmouth iindes in it .
. .

of the iliiJcese
abbrematty and nieetely according to my old .Sarum plaine- of saints, anil the like.
;

and abbots the latter in many cases gradually acquired

exemption from jurisdiction of the bishops and became
song I have harpt upon. abbreviatory (a-bre'vi-a-to-ri), a. [< abbre-
subject to the pope directly, or to an abbot-general, or
Nashe, Lenten Stuffe (Harl. Jlisc, VI. 162). viate -orij.] +
"Abbreviating or tending to
arelialibot, who exercised a supervision over several asso- abbreviation (a-bre-vi-a'shgn), . [=:F. abre- abbreviate shortening contracting. ; ;

ciated abbeys. As the influence of the religious orders riation, < LL. abbrevia.tio{n-),< abbrcviare : see abbreviaturet (a-bre'vi-a-tiir), n. l< abbreviate
increased, the power, dignity, and wealth of the abbots
increased proportionally many of them held rank as tem-
;
abbreviate, r.] 1. The act of abljreviating, + -me.] 1. A letter or character used as an
poral lords, and, as initered abbots, exercised certain epis- shortening, or contracting ; the state of being abbreviation.
copal functions in the territory surrounding their monas- abbreviated ; abridgment. The hand of Providence writes often by abbreviaturet,
teries. In the reign of Henry VIII. twenty-six abbots sat hieroglyphics, or short characters.
Until the sixth century abbots This book, as graver authors say, was called Liber
in the House of Lords. Sir T. Broume, Christ. Mor., 25.
were chosen from the monks by the bishop since that ;
Donms Dei, and, by abbreviatLOUy Domesday Book.
time they have been generally elected by the monks them-
.Sir W. Temple, Introd. to Hist, of Eng. 2. An abridgment ; a compendium.
selves, ordinarily for lite. In some instances, where the 2. Ashortened or contracted form; a part This an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty of a
is
administration of the revenues of an abbey fell under the used for the whole. Specifically, a part of a word. Christian. Jer. Taylor, Guide to Devotici.
civil autliority, the conferring of the benefice, and there-
ftn-e the nomination of the abbot, came into the hands of
phrase, or title so used; a syllable, generally the initial i,i,-ni,TneTitt (.a-blocU
abbrOClimentt (a-lirocb'mentl
meiit )?
n. r<ML '"'"
L^J^i;-
abro-
syllable, used for the whole word ; a letter, or a series of ,

the temporal sovereign, a priictice variously regulated by letters, standing tor a Avord or words: ^, Esq. iov esquire ; cameKitim, appar. formed from stem ot L. bioh^
concorilats with the different countries. The right of The act of torestallmg the
A. D. ior Anno Domini : F. R. S. iw Fellow of the Royal age, brok-cr, eta.]
confirmation varies the solemn benediction of an abbot
;

ordinarily belongs to the bishop of the diocese, occasion-

Society. market or monopolizing goods. Erroneously
ally to the head abbot, or to a special bishop chosen by 3. In math., a reduction of fractions to the low- spelled abroachment.
the abbot elect. In some instances of exempt abbeys it est terms.
4. In music, a method of notation abb-WOOl (ab'wiil), ii. 1. Wool for the abb or
has been conferred by the pope in person. by means of which certain repeated notes, warp of a web. 2. A variety of wool of a
2. In later usage, loosely applied to the holder
chords, or passages are indicated without be certain fineness. Sec abb,
of one of certaiu non-monastic offices, (a) The ing written out in full. There are various forms a-b-C (a-be-ce). [ME. abc ; as a word, spelled
principal of a body of parochial clergy, as an Episcopal
of abbreviation, the most common of which are here
variously abeee, apece, apecy, apsie, apcie, absee.
rector, (b) A cathedral oRicer at Toledo. Spain, (c) In
shown
the middle ages, the head of various guilds, associations, absie, abseij, abeesce, etc., especially for a primer
and popular assemblages abbot of bell-ringers the
: as, ;
or spelling-book in comp.,otsci/-6ooA-,ete. Cf.
;

abbot of misrule.
3. A
title retained in Hanover, Wiirtemberg,
Brunswick, and Schleswig-Holstein by the
heads of certain Protestant institutions to
which the property of various abbeys was
transferred at the Reformation. See abbess,
2 Abbot of abbots,
the al)but of tlie (iri:.;iiial
C'.assiuo. Abbot of misrule (i]i r:iii;!aMd), atibotofun-
abecedarian and alphabet.] 1. The first three
letters of the alphabet hence, the alphabet. ;
2. An a-b-c book; a primer
primer for teaching the alphabet.
A-b-c book, a
Abd (abd). [Ai\ 'abd, a slave, servant.] A
common element in Arabic names of persons,
a title fornurlv cnnferred upon meaning servant as, Abdallah, servant of
:
r..'iirili,tiiic ninnustery of Monte
God Abd-el-Kader, servant of the Mighty One;
;

TeaSOn(iuSi;..t.laiid), tlii'|icrs,.iiai;c whu toiik tlie principal Abd-nl-Latif (commonly WTitten Abdullatif or
part in tlierhvistnias revels nf t lie p. .pulart- lefore the Ref- 1
AbdiiUntif), servant of the Ciracious One.
ormation. Abbot of tlie people <abbas popull). (a) abdalavi, abdelavi (ab-da-, ab-de-lii've), n.
From 1270 to 1339, the iiniiiiual liiirf iiKi^istrate of the The native name of the hairy melon of
republic of Genoa. {/) The <liirf mauistrate nt tin- Gelln- [Ar.]
ese in Galata. Abljot of yellow-beaks, "r freshmen, Egypt, a variety of the muskmelon, Cueiimis
a mock title at the I'niversity "f I'ai is. Cardinal ab- .Me'lo.
bot, a title borne by the ablM.ts of (iuny and Vendome, Abderian (ab-de'ri-an\ a. [<L. Abdera, <Gr.
whowererao/icio abbot, an abbot
cardinal.-i. Mltered
who has the privilege of nsing the insignia and exercising a town in Thrace, birthplace of De-
"\jidijpa,
certain of the functions of a bishop. Regrular abbot, mocritus, called the laughing philosopher.]
an abbot duly elected and confirmed, and exercising Pertaining to the town of Abdera or its inhabi-
the functions of the office. Secular abbot, a person tants ; resembling or recalling in some way
who is not a monk, but holds an abbacy as an ecclesi-
astical benefice with the title and some of the revenues the philosopher Democritus of Abdera (see
and honors of the othce. See def. 3, above. Titular ab- Abdcritr); hence, given to incessant or con-
bot, a person possessing the title but not exercising the tinued laughter.
functions of an abbot, as when an abbey had been con-
fiscated or given in eooniieiHlant. See a6^(?. Triennial Abderite (ab'de-rit), n. [<L. Abderifa, also
abbot, an abbnt ajipninted fur tln-ee years instead of, as Abderites, < Gr. 'A/idripirK, < "Ai3dripa, L. Ab-
ordinarily, for life. = Syn. -!''''<>', I'rior. See prior. rftra.] 1. An inhabitant of Abdera, an ancient
abbotcy (ab'ot-si), /t.
l<.
abbot + -ci/.'] Same as maritime town in Thrace. 2. A stupid per-
abhaei/. [Rare.] son, the inhabitants of Abdera having been
abbotesst, [<ME. abbatesse, -I'ssf, < AS. ab- proverbial for their stupidity. The Abderite,
bodesse, -isse, ablmdisse, abbmlisse, <.ilh. abba- Democritus of Abdera. born ab.iut 4i;o B. C, and the most
dissa, prop, alibatissa (>ult. aljhess, q. v.), learned of the Greek philosophers jn iiu- to Aristotle. He
was, with Leucippus, the founder if the atomic or atomis-
< abbas (abbat-) +
fem. -issa.'] An abbess. Also
tic philosophy (see atomic\ the first attempt at a complete
written abbatesse. mechanical interpretation of physical and psychical phe-
Abbots, Abbote-snes, Presbyters, and Deacons. Selden. nomena. The tradition that Deni.nritus always laughed
And at length became abbntenfiC there. at the follies of mankind gained fm him the title of the
Iloliimtted, Clu-on. laughing philosopher. Fragments of some of his nunier-
The head <tns works have been preserved.
abbot-general (ab'ot-ien''e-ral), n.
of a congregation of monasteries. abdest (ab'dest), n. [Per. dbdast, < db, water,
abbotship (ab'ot-ship), n. [< abbot + -ship.'] -t- dast, hand.] Purification or ablution before
=syn 2 Abbreviation, Cmitraction. An abbreviation of a
The state or office of an abbot. word is strictly a part of it, generally the first letter or prayer :a Mohammedan rite.
 :
;

Abdevenham 8 abdominous
definite regions, called alxlominal regions (see abdoviinal). dominal regions, in human anat.. certain regions into
Abdevenham (ab-tlev'n-ham). n. In astrol.,
The principal contents of the abdomen, in man and other wluch the aljiU'inen is arbitrarily divided for the purpose
the head of the twelfth house in a scheme of mammals, are the end of the esophagus, the stomach, the of mapping its surface with
the heavens. small anil most of the large intestine, the liver, pancreas, reference to the viscera
and spleen, the kidneys, suprarenal capsules, lueters, which beneatli these re-
lie
abdicable (ab'di-ka-W), a. [<L. as if *abdi- bladder (in part), uterus (iluring pregnancy afr Icist), and gions respectively. Two hori-
cabilis, (.fihdicare: see o6din/f.] Capable of zontal parallel lines being
sometimes the testicles, with the associated nervous, vas-
being abdicated. cular, and serous structures. The apertures in the ab- drawn around the body, one
abdicant (ab'di-kant), a. and n. [<L. ahdi- dominal walls are, usually, several through the diaphragm,
esophagus, nerves, blood-vessels,
(rt a) crossing the cartilage of

the ninth riii, the other (^ 6)

abdicate.'] I. o. for the passage of the
c(n'-;-5', ppr. of abilicare : see crossing tlle highest point of
and lymphatics ; in the groin, for the passage of the fem-
Abdicating ; renouncing. [Rare.] oral vessels and nerves and the spermatic cord, or the the iliac bone, the abdominal
Monks abdicant of tlicir orders. ,
round ligament of the uterus ; and at the navel, in the surface is divided into three
llV.rt/oci-, Manners of Eng. People, p. 93. fetus, for the passage of the umbilical vessels. zones, an tipper, a middle,
2. In verteVn'ates below mammals, in which and a lower, respectively
n. . One who abdicates. called epiifaatric, xtwtritical,
v.; pret. and pp. a6ffi- there is no diaphragm, and the abdomen con- and Each
abdicate (ab'(U-kat), hjipof/aitric. of
cat(-(l,ppr. ahdicatiiifi. [<L. abdicattts, pp. of sequently is not separated from the thorax, a these is subdivided into three
abdicate, renounce, lit. proclaim as not belong- region of the body corresponding to but not co- parts by two vertical lines
(c c), each drawn through the
ing to one, <fl6, from, +
diciire, proclaim, de- incident with the'human abdomen, and varying
middle of Pouparfs liga-
in extent according to
clare, akin to rfff^i'f, say ] 1, trans. 1. To give
. ment. The central part of
the configuration of zone
up, renounce, abandon, lay down, or withdraw the epigastric (1) re-
the body. Thus, the ab- tains the name of cjriiiastric ;
from, as a right or claim, office, duties, dignity, domen of a serpent is coex- its lateral portions (4 4) are
authority, and the Uke, especially in a volun- tensive with the under side the right and te/t hiipochon-
tary, public, or formal manner. of the body from head to driac regions : the middle
tail and in descriptive part of the umbilical (2) is
The cross-bearers abdicated their service. ;

called the vndiilii'nl region,

Gibbon, D. and F., Lwii. ornithology "pectus is re- a <7, horizontal line througrh the
stricted to the swelling an- cartilage of the ninth rib b b, ; while its lateral portions (5 5)
He IL] was utterly without amlntion. He de- horizontal line touching the high-
(Cliarles
tested business, and would sooner have abdicated his
terior part of the gastr.T?um,
which we call belly or ab-
est parts of the iliac crests: c c,
vertical lines drawn through the
are the right aiul tcft litmbar
regions; the middle portiou I
crown than have undergone the trouble of really direct- ilouwn as soon as it begins to middle of I'oupart's ligament, of the hyp'igastric zone (:i) is
ing the administration. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., i. sti'uighten out and flatten." oii either side: i, epigastric re-
called the lijijn'mtflric legion,
gion 1,
: umbilical region 3, tuit sometimes the puliic re-
:
C'uu'i, X. A. Birds, p. iXi.
2. Todiscard cast away ; take leave of as,
; : hi-pogastric region: 4 4, hypo-
chondriac regions; 5 5, lumbar gion, while its lateral por-
to abdicate one's mental faculties. 3. In cifil 3. In entom., the hind
body, the posterior one regions; 6 6, iliac regions. tions (ti 0) are called the right
law, to disclaim and expel from a family, as a and left ilinc (or ingttinal)
of the three parts of a regions. The adjoining region of the tlligli, lieluw the fold
child disinherit during lifetime : with a per-
;

perfect insect, united of the groin, is jgoperly excluded. Abdominal respi-

sonal subject, as father, 2>are>it. AUi'jnien of an Insect {Iso.
ration, that type of respiration in whicli the action of the
with the thora.\ by
,

soma hordei).
The father will disinherit or abdicate his cliild, quite iliapluagm, and consequently the movement of the abdo-
cashier liim.
a slender connecting men, is most markeil contrasted with thoracic or costal
:

Durlon, Anat. of Mel. (To the Kcader), I. SO. portion, and containing the greater part of the iv.-y.irad'oH. Abdominal ribs, in hnjict., a series of
digestive a]>paratus. It is divided into a number of transverse osf-ilications in the wall of the abdomen of
4t. To put away or espel banish renounce ; ;
some reptiles, :is diimsaurs ami crocodiles: in the latter
rings or segments, typically eleven (or ten, as in Ilymen-
the authority of dethrone degrade.
; ;
aptei-a and Lfiiidnpti'i-itX on the sides of which are small the scries consists of seven ou each side, lying superhcial
.Scaliger would needs ttirn down Homer, and aifdicate respiratory stigmata, or spiracles. 1" tlie recti muscles. They are iiuitc distinct from true
him after the possession of three thousand! years. ribs. :iiid cnsidered by some to be dermal ossifications.
4. In Artliriijmda other than insects, the cor-
Dnjden, Pret. to Third ilisc. AliiliiMiiiiil dermal ribs arc developed in some species
responding hinder part of the body, however ["f llinosaiiria], if not in all. Jltixictf,Aiv.il. \'crt., p. 2'27.
=Syn. 1. To resign, renounce, give up, i|uit, vacate, re-
distinguished from the thorax, as the tail of a Abdominal ring, in nii(. (o) Internal, an oval opeu-
lin(iuish, lay do^vn, abandon, desert. (See list under aljan-
don. c.) lobster or the apron of a crab. 5. In ascid- itii: ill the lasei:i of
:

the tnuisversalis abdominis (trans-

To renounce or give up some- ians {TiDucata"!, a special posterior portion verse imis'lc "f the ali'lonieii), :il."tit miiiway between the
TL. intrans.
superior iliac spine and the piiliic sjiine, and half an inch
thing; abandon some claim; relinquish a right, of the body, situated behind the great pharyn-
ab.'vc I'liiiparfs ligament, (b) Kxicrnal. a similar oblong
power, or trust. geal cavity, and containing most of the ali- opeiiiu'.: ill the fascia of the obliciuus externus abdominis

He cannot abdicate for his children, otherwise than l>y mentary canal. (external oblique mnscle of tile abdomen), further down
own consent in form to a bill from the two Iiouses." anil nearer the mid-line of the boily. These lings are
his In most of the compound Ascidians, the greater
.
respectively the inlet and oulh t of the iiigniiiiil ciinal.
. .

Sim/l, Sent, of Cll. of Eng. ilan. part of the alimentary canal lies altogether beyond the
Also called inguinal riii'j.^-. Abdominal scuteUa, in
Don represented ... to have voluntarily re-
.lohn is branchial sac, in a backward prolongation of the borly
herpi't., the short, wide, inibricjited scales wliieli lie ;il"iig
stored the throne to his father, who had once abdicated in which has been termed the abdomen, and is often longer
the belly of a serpent from chin to anus.- Abdominal
his favor. Ticknor, .Span. Lit., II. 2'Jl. than all the rest of the body.
Jltixtrii, Anat. Invert., p. rA7. segments, in cntom., etc., the individual somiles or rings
of which the ab'lomen of an insect, a eriisl:ieeaii, etc.. is
abdicated (ab'di-ka-ted), p. a. Self-depose<l
(ab-dom'i-nal), a. and . [< NL. ab- or may he composeii. Abdominal vertebrae, in iddh.,
in the state of one who has renounced or given abdominal the vertcbnc behind the head which have rilii or rib-
abdomen.] I. a.
up a right, etc.: as, "the abdicated Emperor diimiiialis, <L. abdomen: see
all
like processes arching over the visceral cavity. Abdom-
1. Pertaining to
of Austria," Bowclh, Venetian Life, xxi. inal viscera, those organs, collectively considered. liich
abdica- the abdomen or ar<- situated in the abdomen, being especially those of the
abdication I'ab-di-ka'shon), . [<Ti.
belly; situated iligestive system. See abdomen, 1.
ti'iiH-),< (ibdicarc : see abdicate.'] The act of
in or ou the II. n. One of the Abdominales (which see).
abdicating; the giving up of an office, power or [NL.,
abdomen : as, Abdominales (;ili-doin-i-ii!i'!i"z\ . ;)/.
authority, right or tru.st, etc.; renunciation; es- of see (diiinininal.]
(ilnbniiinolis 1. A
abdominal ven- I'l. :
pecially, the layingdown of a sovereignty hith-
erto inherent in the person or in the blood.
tral fins. 2. In iiaiiio iiitroiluccci into the ichthyological sys-
iciitti., having tem of Liniiieus, and variously ajiplied () by :

The consequences drawn from titese facts [werej that ventral fins un- I.iniiieiis, as an onliiial name for all osseous flshes with
they amountcii to an alMtiratiim of the government, whiclt abdominal ventrnls; (/') by t'uvier, as a silbordiuiil name
atniication 'lid not only alfect the jierson of the king him- der the abdomen for all those nialaci'pler.vgian osseous llshcs which have
kH, liiit alvi of all Ills heirs, and remlereil the throne Abdoiiiin.tl Fish, with vcntrni bcliiii'I pec and about the iibilomiiKil ventrals; (c) by .1. Miillcr, as a siibonlinal
alMolutely and completely vacant. litacknttmc, Com., I. iii. tor,il Cut.
middle of the name for those malin-oiilerygian llshcs wliich have abdom-
Each new mind we approach seeing to reiinire an abdi- inal ventrals and also a )ineiimalic duct between the
body an abdominal fish,
: as, i^'OO .ibdomitiale.'
air-bladder and inlesliiial canal. The name has idso been
cation of all our jiresenl and past iio^.^cssiona.
Jimermm, Kssays, Ist ser., p. .311.
Abdominal aorta, in man and other maimnals, that
applied to other grooi's varying more or less from the
porti'iii "f till' aorta between its passage through the ilia-
iircceding. Thcsaliii"iii'ls and the eliipeids or herring fam-
abdicative (ub'di-ka-tiv),. ^(.abdicate -ivc; + Idnaum ;ui'l n't liifiircati"!! into the iliac nrtrle. Ab- ily are typical rcpreseiitalives in all llie above divisions.
in fr.nu liki- Ij. alidicatinis, negative, < abdi- dominal apertures. Scc uh-
doiiicii,' 1 Abdominal fins, in 2. a" section of thi' cnlcojitcrous fniiiily
rare.] CaUMintc "r iriiiilying alulication. [Hare.] ic/itti., when situated
V'lilral llns farabida; jiroposed by liutieille for beetles
abdicator (al/di-ka-lor), N. [<L. alidicarc bchlii.l pectoral tins. Ab-
Hi'' with the abdomen enlarged in proportion to
sri' iilidirale.] One wlio iibdicali'S. dominal legs, in cnloin.. false 111'' lli'irnx.
legM "1 i'i"p legs of the alnlomen of
abditive (nb'di-tiv), a. [<L. abditiriis, re- lievapi>doUH insects Abdominalia (ab-dom-i-na'li-ii), n. pi. [NL.
InsectH. Ill
moved or HO|iariited from, < nlidilus, ]>]>. of thcv arc "ft, fleshy, inai liiulate, (so, animtdia, ;iniinals), neut. pi. of abdomi-
abdere. put iiwiiy, < nb, from, away, -dari' (in + ami deciiliioUH, There may be as iiidi.t : sei> ididominal.] An order of eirri]ied
(ninp.), piil.l Having the power or quality
of many as eight pairs, or only a single crustaceans, having a segmented body, three
pair, or none. The HplnniTels of
biding. [Uarf.'J sniders, though nlidiindlial in posi- jiairs lit alidoiiiiiial linilis, no thonicic liinliN. a
abditory (ub'di-lo-ri), n. [<ML. abdiUiriiim, 1(011, art: reganli-'i ii-* lioriiol'igouH Ihisk-sliapcd carapace, an extensive niiiiilli,
< \j. alidere: hi-c ahdilirr.'] A conconlod rcjiOHi- with the j"inli''l bus iif lilglK'r
two eves, and the sexes ilistiiict. The members
tory; a place for hiding or prcnerving valii- Insects. Abdominal line, i"
shells. To families are recog-
"f (he 'M'lel all blllToW ill
Ituuiiiu aniil.: (o) The whih' line
nized, feoiitiiidiinlida- ami Ateipjndd;
iiM'^, iiH gofidM, irioticy, relics, etc. [Bare.] (linen niha) or lenulhivlKo ndd-llne
The mIioI'' faliilly of tile AMoniinalin. a name proposed
abdomen (b-<lii'ni<'ii or nb'do-mon), n. [h., of union of the abilnminid iuuhcIch
am not mislaken, have (he sexes separate.
along the ll'iMit "f the belly, ami bv liarwiii, if I
of uiiciTlniii oriirin ; perliapH irreg. < alidi n, Tnprf) llclvoderc, ilinwliih' llenedeii. All. Parasites. (A'. K. I>.)
nut away, hide, ciiiii'iiil m-f (ili/litirr.] 1. 'I'lio "Ue of several rroM-lineB Inter "elicckcr.|>ord" opjicar.
:
seeling the course of the rec Ills abdominally (nb-dom'i-nal-i), 0th: On or ill
nelly ; thai part "f tin- Imdy of a niammnl whiili niiiHcb'. The exaggeration of thct'* till' iiiiiliiiniii ; toward llie aliilom<'n.
lii-H liilwi'cu the tli'.r.i', and the pelviH ; tli>' lliic In art glvs llie "checker buanl" apliearance of tin
<crlnln Imaginary liii' ^ abdominoscopy (aii-iloin-i-mm'lto-pi), i. KL.
perivi-rr rnl eavily tiMininff mngt of the cli- id"l"miii In Blaliiar.v. ('<) I''.

g<-' imeof III' iir..i.'iiiil(il orgnnH ami ilrawn to dlvhli' the unrrnre of the alnl'inii'ii into reKl"ii". ahiliimi n (-iiiin-) + (ir. -TOo:rm,< nmiftir, look at,
in given bilow. Abdominal pore, in somo nlie. an view.] Ill mrd., exaniiiialion of the abdomen
aw
dlp
iH'l-
lieturi". |r

'
M'llil abovr IrV the
.-I."

I I

" - " :
Mi"Tltn" III (111' belly connocli'l \>lili thi' si'vinil funcllon.

iiiiiil. In Home ! llslu'S, Hlii'ds II" "V". I"
for the diliclion of (liseiiMC.
abdominous (ali-ddni'i-miHl, a. [<abdomiii
rJiicned, Inl" Ihx pirlloucnl cavlly. +
run' I
I'
(-mm-) oils.] 1. or or jierlainiiig I" tlio
by aMominiit fnirrx, which place lliiil
Inl"
'
jipc
luvll; hi direct comniuulcnlhiii llh the exterior. nliiliimi'n : abdoniinal. 2. Having a largo
ab'l
//I'r/ri/, Aunt. Vert., p. .''. belly; pol-bellied. [Karc.l
are liifi Abdominal reflex, n mipcrlblnl reflex conlllng of a (iorgiiniuH HttM atidowiniiux and wan,
and arc '
'vlth coiitinoii liit<>uiMii''nt. ii'tilrii' ll"ii III llie abdominal innxles win ii (he iikin over I.Ike a fill flqiiab upon a t'hlncHe fan.
larlly divhlc'l Into " rlahi In the mammary line is pllniulaUid, Ab- Cii';'r, I'rog, of Kr.
lt ozteri. the al"l "iiieii
 ;; ; :

abduce 9 aberrancy
abduce (ab-dus'), v. t. ;
prct. and pp. abduced, So did the Faerie Knight himselte abeare. Abelian^ (a-bel'i-an), a. Of or pertaining to
ahducere, < ab, away, Sjtemer, F. IJ., V. xii. 19.
ppr. ubdueing. [< L. the Norwegian mathematician Niels Hcurik
+ diicerc, lead: see duclilu.'\ If. To di'aw or 2. To suffer or tolerate. [Provincial or vulgar.] Abcl(1802-1829).-AbeUan equation, an irreducible
load away by persuasion or argument. 2. To But if I mun doy I mun doy, for I couldn abcar to see it.
algebraic equation, one of whose roots is expressible as a
rational function of a second, and shown by Abel to be
Tennyson, Northern Farmer.
load away or carry off by improper means;
abduct. [Rare.]
3t. To draw away or aside, abearancet (a-bar'ans), n. [_<. abcar + -ancv
solvable by the solution of a second eiiuation of a lower
degi-ee. Abeliaa function, in nmlli.. a hyiierelliptic
as by the action of an abductor muscle. substituted for ai'eariiig, ME. abering.] Be- function; a synmuttrie function of invci-ses of Abeiian
If we al'thici'. the eye luito i-ithcr comer, the object will havior demeanor. ;
integl'als. The nana- has been used in sljebtly dilfcrent
Hot iluiiliiiite. Sir T. Jirowiw., Vulg. Err., iii. 20. The otiier species of recognizances with sureties. is for senses by different autliors, but it is best aiiplici to a ratio
of double theta functions. Abeliau Integral, one of a
abducens (ab-du'senz), n.; pi. abducentes the good abearance or good behaviour.
class of ultraclliptic integrals Ihst iiivesti^[ite.| by .4bel;
Blackstone, Com., IV. xviii.
(-sen^ez). [L. see abducent, .] In anat,
: any integral of an algebraic function not reducible to
one of the sixth pair of cranial nerves so abearingt (a-bar'ing), n. :
[ME. abering, vorljal elliptic functifm.s.

called because it is the motor nerve of the

n. of '(if-ycH, abcar.] Behavior; d(!meauor. Abelite, Abelonian (a'bel-it, a-bel-o'ni-an), n.
rectus exteriius (external straiglit) muscle of abecedaria, . Pliu'al of abecedarium. Samp :iH .Ibelianl.
the eye, which turus the eyeball outward. abecedarian (a"be-so-da'ri-an),. and H. [Cf. F. Abelmoschus fa-bol-mos'kus), n. [ML., < Ar.
abducent (ab-dii'sent), a, and n. [< Ij.abdu- abi.'cetlaire; ihXi.abcccdariu-iipsalmiabecedarii, o/;h7-((/,-, -((6/i-, father(source) of musk: abu,
ccii(t-},':, ppr. of abdiicere, di'aw away: see ab-
alphabetical psalms), <o + be + ce + de, the father; al, the; mosk,iiiisk, musk: see /.)il and
J. ((. Drawing away; pulling aside. In
first four letters of the alphabet (cf. alphabet), musk.] generic name formerly A
ducr.']
aiKit., siK-iitically applied () to those niuseles whieh + -arius: seo -)(>(.] I. a. 1. Pertaining to or some species of plants now referredajiplied to
to Hibis-
draw eertaiii parts of the hody away Iroin the axial line formed by the letters of tlie alphabet.
of the trunk or of a limb, in contradistinetiun to the ad-
2. cus, including A. moschntus or //. Abelmoschus,
Pertaining to the learning of the alphabet, or the abelmosk or muskmallow of India and
durr/it muscles or adductors ; (b) to motor nerves which
cUect this action. Abducent nerves, the sixth pair of to one engaged in learning it henee, relat- Egypt, producing the niuskseed used in jier-
;

cranial nerves the abducentes. ing to tho first steps in learning. f nines, and A. or II. eseidentus, the okra.
;
See
II. II. That which abducts an abducens. ;
There is an Abecedarian ignorance that precedes know, Hibiscus.
abduct (ab-dukf), V. t. [<L. abdiictiis, pp. of ledge, and a Doctoral ignorance that comes after it.
Cotton, tr. of Montaigne, I. 600. abelmosk
(a'bel-mosk), n. [< ML. Abelmos-
/(((/, lead away 1. To lead
seo abduci'.'] :
Another form abecedary.
is
chus.] A
plant of the former genus Abelmos-
away or carry off surreptitiously or by force chus. Also spelled abelmusk.
kidnap. Abecedarian psalms, hymns, etc., psalms, hymns, etc.
(as tlie liotli psalm), in which the verses of successive abel-tree (a'bel-tre), n. Same as abele.
The thing is self-evident, that his Majesty has been distinct portions are arranged in alphabetical order. abelwhacketst, See ableirhae.kets.
alxlucted or spirited away, 'Wntevi?," by some person or
persons unknown. CarlyU, French Rev., II. iv. 4. II. n. 1. One who teaches or learns the let- a bene placito (a ba'no pla'che-to). [It. a, :

2. In to move or draw away (a limb)

pliijsiol.,
ters of the alphabet.
2. [.cetp.] follower of at; bene (<L. bene), well; placito (i'L. placi-
A
from the axis of the body, or (a digit) from the Nicolas Storch, an Anabaptist of Germany, in tuin), pleasure: see please and plea.] In
axis of the limb : opposed to adduct. the sixteenth century. The Abecedarians are said music, at pleasure ; in tho way the performer
to have been so called because Storch taught that study likes best.
abduction (ab-duk'shon), II. [< L. abductio(n-), or even a knowledge of the letters was unnecessary, since Abeona (ab-e-6'na), n. [LL. Abeoiia, the god-
iabdiicerc: see abduce.'] 1. The act of abdu- the Holy Spirit would impart directly a sufficient under-
dess of departing, < L. abirc, go away, abco, I
cing or abducting, (a) in Ian; the act of illegally standing of tlie Scriptures.
leadin,cr away or carrying off a person more especially, ; abecedarium (a"be-se-da'ri-um), n. ; pi. abe- go away, < ab, away, ire, go, eo, I go.] 1. In +
the taking or carrying away of a wife, a child, a ward, or cedaria (-il). [Neut. of LL. abecedarius : see
Bom. myth., the goddess who presided over
a voter by fraud, persuasion, or open violence. (6) In
the action of the muscles in drawing a limb or
abcccddrian.] An a-b-c book. departure, as of travelers. 2. [NL. (Chas.
])h}isiol., Girard, 1854).] In ichtli., a genus of viviparous
othi-r i)art ofthe body away from the axis of the body or It appears therefore that all the Italic alphabets were
of the limb, as when the arm is lifted from the side, or the developed on Italian soil out of a single primitive type, of embiotocoid fishes of the family Ilolcoiiotidce,
thumb is bent awa.v from the axis of the arm or the which the abecedaria exhibit a comparatively late survival. represented by such sui-f-fishes as A. trow-
middle line of the hand, (c) In surf/., the receding from
eacli otlierof the extremities of a fractured bone.
Isaac Taylor, The Alphabet, II. 131. bridgi, of the Calif ornian coast.
Logical abecedarium, a table of all possible coniliina- a genus Qf hemipterous insects. Stal, 1876.
3. In entom.,
2. [<NL. a wordused byGiulioPaeio
nftrf"ci/o, tions of any finite number of logical tenns. Jcvons.
aber (ab'er), H. [Gael. abar 'W. aber, a eon- =
(13ii0-1635), in translating airaywyi'i in the 25th abecedary (a-be-se'da-ri), a. and n. [< L. abece- iiuenee of waters, the mouth of a river. Cf.
chapter of the second book of Aristotle's Prior darius: see abecedarian.] I, a. Same as abe- Gael, iiibhir, with same senses, W. yiifer, in- =
Analytics, in place of deducUo and reductio, cedarian. flux: see inrer-.] Celtic word used as a pre- A
previously employed.] In logic, a syllogism of II. n. 1. An a-b-c book; a primer. Henee
fix to many place-names in Great Britain, and
which the ma.jor premise is evident or known, 2. A
first principle or element ; rudiment as, signifying a confluence of waters, either of
:

while the minor, though not evident, is as cred- "such rudiments or abecedaries," Fuller, Ch. two rivers or of a river with the sea as, Aber- :

ible as or more credible than the conclusion. Hist., VIII. iii. 2. deen, Aberdour, Abergavenny, Aberystwith.
Tlie term is hardly used except in translations from the [ME., < OF. abecher (ML. abbe- aberaavine, ". See aberdevine. Latham.
passage referred to.
abechet, r. t.
care), < a, to,-t- bee, beak: see beak'^.] To feed, aberdeen (ab'er-den), n. [Etym. uncertain.
After adverting to another variety of ratiocinative pro-
cedure, which he calls -\iiagoge or Abduction (where the as a parent bird feeds its yoimg. Cf. aberdevine.] In ornifh., a name of the knot
minor is hardly more e\ident than the concUision, and Yet should I somdele ben abeched, (which see), Triiiga canutus.
might sometimes conveniently become a conclusion first And for the time well refreshed.
to be proved), Aristotle goes on to treat of objection aberde'Vine (ab"er-de-vin'), n. [Etym. un-
Gower, Conf. Amant. v.
generalLv. Orate, Aristotle, vi. known: see below.] The siskin, Chrysomitris
,

abed (a-bed'), Of?''. [<ME. a bedde,<AS. on spinas, a well-known European bird of the
abductor (ab-duk'tor), H. [NL., <L. abducere : bedde: prep, on, and dat. of bedd, bed: see a3 finch family {Fringillidee), nearly related to the
see abduce.] One who or that which abducts. and bed.] 1. In bed.
Specifically, in anat. (pi. abductores {ah-duk-torez)], a goldfinch, and somewhat resembling the green
muscle which moves certain parts from the axis of the Not to be abed after midnight is to be up betimes. variety of the canary-bird. See siskin. Also
body or of a limb as, the abductor poUicis, a muscle which
:
Shak., T. N., li. 3.
spelled aberdarine, abadevine. [Local, Eng.]
pulls the thumb outward opposed to adductor. The
: 2. To bed.
abductor muscles of the human body are the abductor Her mother dream'd before she was deliver'd
About London, the sisidn is called the aberdevine by
pollicis (abductor of the thumb) and abductor minimi
That she was brought abed of a buzzard. bird-catchers. Rennie, ed. of Slontagu's Diet., 1831, p. 2.
digiti (abductor of tlie least digit) of the hand and foot
Beau, and FL, False One, iv. 3. [The word (aberdevine) is not now in use, if it ever was.
respectively. The first dorsal interosseous muscle of the
human liand is sometimes called tlie abductor indicis abee (a-be'), . [A. native term.] A woven I believe it was first published by Albin (1737), and that
it was a bird-catchers' or bird-dealei*s' name about Lon-
(abrinct.ir .if tlie foreflnL'cr). The abductor tertii inter- fabric of cotton and wool, made in Aleppo. don but I suspect it may have originated in a single
nodii sicnndi di'^iti (abductor of the third internodeof the ;

Simmond-':. bird-dealer, who coined it to give fictitious value to a

second di'.;it) is a peculiar muscle of both hand and foot
of the gibbons (Hylobatc.-i), arising from tlie second meta- abegget, *' t. An
old form of aby'^. common bird for whieh he wanted to get a good price.
Book-writers have gone on repeating Albin's statement
carpal or metatarsal bone, and inserted by a long tendon There dorste no wight bond upon him legge, without adding any new information, and I have never
into the preaxial side of the ungual internode of the second That he ne swore he shuld anon abeetge.
digit. The abductor metacarpi q uinti (abductor of the fifth
met with any one who called the siskin or any other bird
Chaucer, Reeve's Tale, 1. IS.
by this name. No suggestion as to its etymology seems
nietacarpal) is a muscle of the hand in certain hzards.
For the abductors in human anatomy, see cut under muscle. abeigh (a-bech'), adr. of ME. abeij,
[A variant possible. Prof. A. Newton, letter.]
abe (a-be'), v. i. [For be; prefix unmeaning, abai, etc. see bay^, .] Aloof; at a shy dis-
:
aberr (ab-er'), v. i. [<L. aberrare: see aber-
or as in ado.] Used in the same sense as be. tance. [Scotch.] To stand abeigh, to keep aloof. rate.] To wander err. [Rare.] ;

Also spelled abee. io let abe, to let be let alone. Maggie coost her head fu" high,
;
Divers were out in their account, nberring several ways
Hence, let-abc is used in the substantive sense of forbear- Look'd asklent an' unco skeigh,
ance or connivance, as in the phrase Ict-abe for let-alie, Gart poor Duncan .ftand abeigh from the true and just compute, and calling that one year,
which perhaps might be another.
one act of forbearance in return for another, mutual for- Ha, hji, the wooing o't. Burns, Duncan Gray.
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., iv. 12.
bearance.
abele (a-bcl'), n. [Formerly abeele, abcal, etc.,
I am for let-abe/or let-abe.
<D. abcel, in comp. abeel-booin, < OF. abcl, ear- aberrance (ab-er'ans), n. Same as aberrancy.
Scott, Hrate, II. xvii.
Let abe, let alone not to mention far less as, he
lier aiibil, < ML. albellus, applied to the white aberrancy (ab-er'an-si), n. ; pi. aberraneies
; ; :

couldiia .sit, let abe stand. [Scotch.]

abeam (a-bem'), prcji. phi: as adr. or n. [< aS, poplar,poplar, prop. dim. of L. albus, white.] The (-siz). [<L. as if * aberrantia i aberran(t-)s ,

jiriji., on, + beam.]

white Popidus alba : so called from the see aberrant.] A wandering or deviating from
'

yaiit., in or into a direc-

tion nt right angles to the koel of a ship white color of its twigs and leaves. See poplar. the right way; especially, a deviation from
abel-tree, and sometimes abbey. truth or rectitude. Another form is aberrance.
directly opposite the middle jiart of a ship's Also called
abcles tlie kirkyard gi"ow, on the north side in a row.
[Rare.]
side, and in line with its main-beam: as, we SLx i'

Mrs. Broieninff, Duchess May. Tliey do not only swarm with err' nirs, but vices depend-
had the wind abeam. ing thereon. Thus they commonly atlect no man any
The wind was hauling round to the westward, and we Abelian^ (a-^'sl'i-S)j " [( Abel + -ian ; also farther than be desertsliis reason, or
could not take tlie sea abeam. Abelife, < LL. Abelitce, pi., < Abel: see -ifel.] complies with their aberraneies.
Kane, Sec. Grinn. E-vp., II. 257. A memlier of a religious sect which arose in
The sea went down tow,ard night, and the ivind hauled northern Africa in the fourth centiu'y. The
Sir T. Br.'in,.\ Vulg. Err., 3. ^^ i.

ahcnin. Ji. II. Dana, .Tr., Before the Mast, p. 347.

Aberrancy Of curvature, in in(/i.,
Abelians married, but lived in continence, after the man-
\ the angle between the normal to a
abear (a-bar' ), v. t. [< IVrE. abrrcii, < AS. dbcran, ner, ,as they maintained, of .-Vbel, and attempted to keep curve at any point and the line
up the sect iiy adopting the children of others. They are a from that point to the middle point
< II- + bcran, bear : see a-1 and bear'^.] If. To known only from tlie report of St. Augustine, written after "' *"infinitesimal Chord parallel
bear; behave. Aberrancy of Curvature,
they had liccome extinct. Also called Abelite and Abelnnian. the angle a A -. to the tangent.
 ;
:

aberrant 10 abhor
aberrant (ab-er'ant), [< L.
a, aberran(t')Sj heavenly body due to the joint effect of the One who abets or incites one who aids or en- ;

ppr. ol' aberrare : see aberrate,^ 1. Wander- motion of the rays of light proceeding from courages another to commit a crime a sup- ;
ing ; straying from the right or usual course. it and the motion of the earth. Thus, when the porter or encourager of something bad. Abet-
An aberrant berg appears about tliree hundred miles light from a star that is not diiectly in the line of the tor is the form used in law.
west-sou til -west of Ireland, in latitude 51, longitude 18' earth's motion is made to fall centrally into ^ telescope,
the telescope is in reality inclined slightly away from the But let til' abettor of the Panther's crime
west. Science, III. 343.
Learn to make fairer wars another time.
true direction of the star toward that in which the
2. In zodl. and bot., differing in some of its eaith is moving; just as one running mider a vertically Di-yden, Hind and Panther, I. 1647.
characters from the ixroup in which it is falling slu'werof rain, and lidding in his hand a long- In law, an abettor, as distinguished from an acresmiry, is
placed said of an individual, a species, a
:
necked Husk, must incline its mouth forward if he does more especially one who, being present, gives aiii or* en-
not wish the sides of the neck to be wetted. This phe- couragement.
genus, etc. nomenon, discovered and explaineil by liradley (172), is
In certain afcerran/Rotalines the shell is commonly * . . termeti the aberration of light, and its effect in displacing
2. One who aids, supports, or encoura4;es : in
of a rich crimson hue. H'. B. Carpenter, Micros., 459. a star is called the aberration of the star. The annual a good seuse.
aberration, due to the motion of the earth in its orbit, It has been the ticcasion of making me friends and open
The more aberrant any form is, the greater must have
been the number of connecting forms which have been amounts to20'.4in themaxinmm; the diurnal aberration] abettors of several gentlemen of known sense and wit.
exterminated or utterly lost. due to the rotation of the earth, is only 0' .3 at most! Pope, Letters, June 15, 1711.
Darwin, Origin of Species, p. 387. See planetary aberration, below. Circle Of aberration^
the circle of colored light observed in exiieriments with
= Syn. 1. Abettor, Accessory, Accomplice. See accomplice.
Aberrant duct of the testis, in anat., a slender tube convex lenses between the point where the \iolet lays abevacuation (.ib-e-vak-ii-a'shon), H. [< NL.
or diverticulum' from the lower part of the canal of the meet and that where the red rays meft. Constant Of alieraei(atio{n-): see ab- and eraeiiatidii.'] In
epidid>inis, or from the beginning of the excretory duct aberration. See conMant. Crown, of aberration, a
iiieit., variously used to signify a morbid evacu-
of the testis (vas defereos). It varies from 2 to 14 inches luminous circle surrounding the disk of tlu- sun. depend-
in length, is coiled up into a fusiform muss extending up ing on the aberration of its rays, by wluih its apparent ation, whether excessive or d'eticieut.
the spermatic cord 2 or 3 inches, and tonninatt-s blindly. diameter is enlai-ged. Planetary' aberration (.sue 5, ab extra (ab eks'tra). [L.] From without:
Two or more such tubes are occasionally found together, above), better called the equation of liiiht, an apparent
but they are sometimes entirely wanting. See testis. Also displacement of a moving body, as a planet, owing to its
opposed to ab intra (which see).
called vas aberrans, vascitlum aberrans. not being in the same position at the moment the light Those who are so fortunate as to occupy the philosophi-
reaches the earth that it was when the light left it. = Syn. cal position of spectators ab extra are very few in any
aberrate (ab-er'at), r.pret. and pp. abcr-
1. Deviation, divertrence. departure. 2. (a) Derangement* generation. Lowell, .\mong my Books, 1st ser., p. 140.
[<L, aberratugj pp. of
rateii, ppr. aberrating.
hallncination, iltusiiui, ilelusion, eccentricity, mania.
abenare, stray from, < ah trom, +
errare, to abeyance (a-b;i'ans), . [<OF. abeiance, abey-
aberrational (ab-e-ra'shon-al), o. Character ance, <a- (<L. ad-), to, at, + bcance {*beianee),
stray: see err.] To wautler or deviate from ized by alierration; erratic.
the right way; diverge. [Rare.] expectation, desire, < fctoH?, expecting, think-
aberuncatet (ab-e-rung'kat), v. t. ;
pret. and ing, ppr. of beer, bacr (F. bayer), gape, gaze
The product of their defective and aberratinfl vision. pp. ahcnoicated, ppr. ahcrmicatiny. [An erro-
De Quincey. neous form Qi avcrruncdie, as at, expect anxiously, < ML. badare, gape.]
aberration 1. In law, a state of expectation or contempla-
(ab-e-ra'shon), n. [<L. aherra- if < L. 'aberuncare, < ab, from,
tion. Thus, the fee simpU- or inlu litance of lands and
ti(i{n-'. < ((tierrare : see aberrate.'] 1. The act e for e.r, out, runcare, + + tenements is in abeyance wlu-n thiie is no jierson in being
of wauderiug away; deviation; especially, uproot, weed hence the un- ; in whom it can vest, so that it is in a state of expectancy
in a figurative seuse, the aot of wandering authorized sense given by or waiting until a proper person shall appear. So also
from the right way or course hence, deviation Bailey. See arernincaie.'] To
;
where one man holds land for life, with remainder to the
heirs of another, and the latter is yet alive, the remainder
from truth or moral rectitude. pull up by the roots ; extir- is in abeyance, since no man can have an heir until his
So then we draw near to God, when, repenting us of our pate utterly. Johnson. death. Titles of honor and dignities are said to be in
former aberratiowt from him, we renew our covenants abeyance when it is uncertain who shall enjoy them.
vritll him.
Abentncated, pulled up by the
Bp. Halt, Sermon on James iv. 8. Thus, in Eiifl. law, when a nobleman holding a dignity
roots, weeded. Eailet/.
The neighbouring clmrclies, both l>y petitions and mes- ilescendible to his heirs geiural ilies leaving daughters,
sengers, took such liappy pains with tile cimrch of Salem, aberuncationt (ab-e-rung-ka'- the king by his prerogatiie may grant the ilimiitv to any
aa presently recovered that lioly flock to a sense of llis sboii), H. [< aberuncatc.l one of tlie daughters he pleases, or to tin- male "issue of
(Koger WUIiams'sJ aberraduiu. one of such daughtera. \\liile the title to the dignity is
Eradication; extirpation; re- tlius in suspension it is saiil to be in abeyance.
C. Mather. Mag. Chris., vii. 1.
moval. 2. A state of suspended action or existence, or
2. In pathol. : (a) A
wandering of the intel- aberuncator (ab-e-rung'ka- temporary inactivity.
lect ; mental derangement. (6) Vicarious hem- tor), H. l<aberuncatc.Cf. L. Aberuncalor,.
orrhage, (c) Diapedesis of blood-coi-puscles. Upon awaking from slumber, I could never gain, at
runcator, a weeder.] 1. An once, thorough possessicm of my senses
(rf) Congenital malformation. 3. In ztiol. and implement for e.\tirpating weeds ; a weedor
. . the mental
faculties in general, but the memory in especial, being in
; .

hot., deviation from the tj-pe ; abnormal struc-

ture or development.
or weeding-maehiue. 2. An instrument for nulition of absolute abeyance. Poe, Tales, I. 333.
pruning trees when their branches are beyond abeyancy (a-ba'an-si), n. The state or eon-
In whichever light, therefore, insect aWrrati&ti is viewed easy reach of the hand. There are various forms of <lition of being in abevaneo. Haictltoriu:
by US, ... we aftliiu that it does exist. the.se implement's but tlicvidlrensi.st of tw^oblade^
.

Wotla^ton, Var. of Species, p. 2.

. .

" abeyant (a-biX'ant), a. [Inferred from abcij-

to those of stout sli.- one of which '""""'
is fixed rigidly to
' anec : see -ance and -hhM.] In law, being in :

4. In optics, a deviation in the rays of light b'lig handle, win the otlier forms one arm of a lever, to

a cord pas^ abeyance,

when unequally refracted by a lens or reflected wIulIi er a pulley is attached. Also writ-
tt-n, more properly, ave runeator. abgregatet (ab'gre-gat), ;. t. [<L. ahfirrgatiis,
by a mirror, so that they do not converge and iif alKireqare, lead awsiy from tlio "flock,
meet in a point or focus, but separate, form- abet (a-bef), r. t. pret. and pp. abetted, ppr. pp. ;

ahrtliiig. [< ME. ahftten, < OF. abetter, aheter, < (ih, from, -I- <iri:r (greg-), ilock. Cf. cougre-
ing an indistinct image of the ob.iect, or an
indistinct image with prismaticaily colored
instigate, deceive, <-(< L. ad-), to, heter, gate, segregate.'] To separate from a flock. + "
bait, as a bear, < led. beita, bait, cause to bite Coekcrnni, 1(51
dgcs. It is called 'iiherical when, as in tlie former case,
the ini|>erfection or blurring arises from the form of curva- seo bait, v.; also bet'^, a shortened form of abgregationt (ab-gre a'shon), . [< ML. ah
ture of the lens or rellector, and chn, malic when, as in the abet."] 1. To encourage by aiil or approval l(iti(i(n-),< }j. abgregare: see abgrcgate.]
latter ciiae. tlu-re is a prismatic coloring of the image aris- used with a personal object, and cliietly in a The act of separating from a flock, jiaiiei/.
ing from the iliifercnt refrangibility of tlie rays compos-
ing white light, and the consequent fact that the foci for
bad sense. abhal (ab'lial), )i. A name given in the East
the ditlerent cglors do not coincide, They abetted both parties in the civil war, and always Inilics to the berries of the common .iuniper.
ihus, in llg. I, the
rays pa-^ising through the lens L h near its edge have a fnrnisheil supplies to the weaker side, lest there should .fiiniperiis communis. Also spelled ab'liel and
focus at A, while those which pass near the axis have a be an end put to these fatal divisiinis. ahhiit.
focus at /;; hence, an imago formed on a screen placerl .idilintm, Freeholder, No. '28.

mm abhel, . See ahkal.

Jit would appear more or less distorted or indistinct. Note, too, how for having /*-7/i'(/ those who wronged the
native Irish, England has to pay a penalty.
abhominable (ab-hom'i-na-bl), a. An old
//. Silencer, Social Statics, p. 487.
mode of spelling ajmniniablr, on the supposi-
tion tliat it was derived from iib liiiminc, U'mn
2t. To maintain support; uphold.
;
or repugnant to man. ridiculed as pedantic by
"Then shall I soone," qnoth he, "so Ood me grace,
Abett that virgins cause disconsolate."
Shakspere in the onaracter of the pedant
S/iemer, F. Q., I. x. r,i.
Holof ernes.
3. In law, to encourage, counsel, incite, or as- This is abhominable (which ho would call abominable).
sist in a criminal act
implying, in the case
[.\l)liomiiuible occurs In
Sliak., L. 1 L., V. 1.
Promptorinm Parvulorum
of felony, personal iireseiicc. ibus, in military tlu;

law, it Is a grave crime to aid or abet n mutiny "r sedi-

(c.14411), and in (iowcr
oWooiM/m.-"""" is in WvclU's
;

tion, or excite resistance agailist lawful orders. In .S'rrx

New Testament, alt/iiiniinaei,uni in ('banc rr. and ab)wmy-
jy^.j. law, a person is said to be abeitiwj tlmugh he may <uily
nneiimn In :\IandcviIIe. Fuller hiw abhominal, n foriu
firotect a criminal, conceal him from Justice, or aid htm
made lo suit tlic false etymcdogy.)
making his csirape.
II abhor (ab-luir'), r.; pret. and jip. abhorred, ppr.
Ilenco
4. To lead to or eniinirago the coni- ahhiirriitg. L. alihorn're. shrink from, < oh,
[<
mission of. from, -t- bristle (witli fear'): see hor-
/iriiTfTC,
Would ni>t the fool alift the stealth riil.] I. Iran.i. 1. Literally, to shrink back
Who rashly thus exposed his wealth'/
from witli horror or dread; hence, to regard
Uay, Fables, II. VI.
with ri'|iii;;iinnee; hale extremely or witli loath-
= 8yn. To Biipiiort, encourage, second, countenance, aid.
iii),'; lo.'illii', delcsl, or abomintito ns, Uiabhor
assist, back, luinnivu at, stand by, ftn-tlier. :

<'vil lo alhiir inlrigui'.

[< ME. ahrl, instigation, < OF.
;
abett (ii-bet'), n.
nlii:t, iiistigatioii, deceit (Ml,. alietlnm\<alirler : Thou illdst n<it nl)hor the virgin's wiuiib. Te Drum.
Fig. 1. diagram IllmtrallaC llw uphrtknl nhcrrnlionof n Icii.. see aliel, r.] 'J'lio net of niiling or encouraging, Natnri' (iWo.r.? the old, and ohl age seems the only dis-
I'lg. ..
li4ifTm iUiMtraUnK[Ifwclir'^
'
l! Iir'jm4tk A)rratkai. ease. .
Kmermn, llssays, Ist siU"., p. 'J8D.
spii'i.illy in u crime, t'liiiiieer.
In (Ik.ilw violet njrs (ur) have a focus Bl r, whlhi the
'.; abetment 11-bet'ment), .
f [< abet Picnt.'\ + 2f. To with liorror and loathing; liorrify.
till
lens refriokiblr- red ry tr n .,me t.. n (.u at /(, Tlio act of uljotting; that which Hcrvos to ubet He (Alexandcrl caused the women that were captive to
.
A
spot of luo.i nl, n red i. i. r would be observd on stiiKbefore bin) such songes as althnrred the cars of tlio
Hereon plu' "! .it a n
or riieoiirftL'e.
rage
-Mari'dons n.it lo'customed to such things.
wrreen at ' '- Ir abettal (n-bot'fil). n. [<"'"' -"'] The net of + ./. Ilrrnile, Ir. of (^ulntns Ciirtlus, vl.
tially elhroniil. nlotting; aid. Ilailrti. Knre.') Mow
corTclil for br
|
abhorred my Imagination is ; my gorge rises at it
.

abetter, abettor (a-iiet'i'r, -or, or -Ar), . Shak., Hamlet, v. L

S. In tutron.. the apparent diHplaouuient >,i [Fonnorly abcltour"; < abet + ^ri, -or^.J 1. "Bjm. 1. Hate, Abhor, Detest, etc. Hoe Aafe.
 abhor 11 ability
intrans. If. To shrink back with disgust, As for disappointing them, I shouldn't so much mind, confined to the northern hemisphere, and equally divided
II. but I can't abide to disappoint myself. between the old and new worlds. To it belong the sil-
or with fear and shudderings. Gfddamith, She Stoops toCon(iuer, i. 1. ver fir iff central Euroie (A. i)ectinatu), the l>al8am-ttr of
To abhorre from those vices. eastern North America (^. balsainca), the red and white
Udall, Erasmus, St. James, iv.
5t. To encoimter; undergo: in a jocular
fii's of western America (A. graiutis, concolor, and noljilis),
sense. [?] till- sail I'd fir of Mexico (A. religiosa), etc. See fir.
2. To beantagonistie be averse or of oppo- ;
I wil give hyni the alder-beste abietene (ab'i-e-ten), n. [< L. ubics (abiet-),
site character: with //-o/H. Uifte, that ever he abode hys lyve. th(< lir, A hydrocarbon obtained by
-I- -ene.'l
Which is utterly abhorring from the end of all law. Chameer, Dethe of Blaunche, I. 247.
distillation from the resin of the nut-pine
Milton, Divorce, II. vii. 7i>.
II. intrans. 1. To have one's abode ; dwell; of California, I'iniis Sabiniana. it consists almost
abhorrence (ab-hor'ens), . l< abhorrent : soo reside. wholly of nonnal heptane, C7H](}, and is a nearly color-
-fiver:] 1. The act of abhorring; a feeling of In the noiseless air and light tlult flowed less iiinbil,- liquid, having a strong aromatic smell, highly
extreme aversion or detestation ; strong hatred. Hound your fair brows, eternal J'eace abode. infianiiiiable, and burning with a white, smokeless flame.
Dnjant, To the Apennines. abietic (ab-i-et'ik), a. [< L. abici (alnct-), the
One man thinks justice consists in paying debts, and has
in his abhorrence of another who i$ very re- 2. To remain ; continue to stay. lir, -I- -h:] Of or pertaining to trees of the
no measure
miss in this duty. Emerson, Essays, 1st ser., p. 286. Except these abide in the ship, ye cannot be saved. genus .lilies; derived from the fir. Abietic
Acts xxvii. 31. acid, _',, ]l;;n"-_', an acid obtained from the resin of some I

2t. An expression of abhorrence. Specifically, Here no man can abide, except he be ready with all his spccirs r.f ijiiie, 'larch, and fir. These resins are anhydrids
an address presented in 16S0 to Charles II. of England, heart to humble himself for the love of God. of uhictic acid or niixtures containing it.
expressing abhorrence of the Addressers (which sec). Thomas d Kempiis, Im. of Christ, i. 17. abietin (ab'i-e-tiu), n. [< L. abies {abiet-), the
3. That which excites repugnance or loathing: 3. To continue in a certain condition ; remain lir, -t- -in"^.] tasteless, inodorous resin, de- A
as, servility is my
abhorrence. = Syu. 1. Horror,
steadfast or faithful. rived from the turpentine obtained from some
hatred, detestation, repugnance, disgust, loathing, shrink-
ing, antipathy, aversion. But she is happier it she so abide [In widowhood). species of the genus Abies.
(ab-hor'en-si), . The quality of
1 Cor. vii. 40. Abietinese (ab'i-e-tin'e-e), n. pA. [NL., < L.
abhorrencyt
being abhorrent, or the state of regarding any-
4t. To wait ; stop ; delay. abies (abiet-), the'fir, -in-ea:.] +
suborder of A
He hasteth wel that wysly kan ahyde. the natural order Coniferce, distinguished by
thing with horror or loathing. Chaucer, Troilus, 949.
i.
bearing strobiles (cones) with two inverted
The tendency to any injustice
first must be sup-
pressed with a show of wonder and abhorrence in the
. . .
5. To inhere ; belong as an attribute or qual- ovules at the base of each scale, which become
parents. Locke, Education, ^ 110. ity ; have its seat. winged samaroid seeds. The leaves are linear or
[<L. abhorrcn{t-)s,
Though far more cause, yet much less spirit to curse neeiile-shaped, and never two-
abhorrent (ab-hor'ent), a. Abides in me. Shak., Rich. III., iv. 4. ranked. It includes many of
ppr. otahhorrere: see abhor.'] 1. Hating; de- To abide by. {) To remain at rest beside as, "abide :
the most valuable kinds of tim-
testing ; struck with abhorrence. ber-trees, viz., pine (Pinus),
by thy Job xxxix. 9. (6) To adhere to maintain
ciilj,' ; ;

defend stand to as, to abide by a friend. Specifically, true cedar (Cedrus), spruce (Pi-
The arts of pleasure iu despotic courts ; :
cea), hemlock-spruce (Tsuga),
I spurn abhorrent. Glover, Leonidas, x. in Scots law, to adhere to as true and genuine said of :

the party who relies upon a deed or writing which the l>ouglas'&sxtvuce(Pseudotsuga),
fir (.ibics), and larch (Larix).
2. Exciting horror or abhorrence very repul- ; other party ilesires to have reduced or declared null and
sive ; detestable : as, abhorrent scenes an ; void, (in the ground of forgery or falsehood, (c) To await abietinic (ab'''i-e-tin'ik),
abhorrent criminal or course o conduct. 3. or accept the consequences of rest satisfied with as, to
abide by the event or issue. = Syil. 1 and 2. Abide,
; : a. Pertaining to or de-
rived from abietin
Contrary utterly repugnant causing aver-
; ;
as, :
Sojourn, Continue, Dwell, Reside, Live, remain, stay,
sion formerly with from, now with to.
: stop, lodge, settle, settle down, tarry, linger. Live is the abietinic acid.
And yet it is so abhorrent from the vulgar. most general word to pass one's life, without indicating
: abietite (ab'i-e-tit), n.
Glanville, Seep. Sci. place, time, or manner. Abide, sojourn, to stay for a [< L. abies ((ibiet-), the fir,
Christianity turns from these scenes of strife, as abhor-
time
length of stay being associated in the mind with -I- -/fc2.] AsugarjCgHgOs,
the ffinner, and briefness or shortness of stay with the
rent to licr highest injunctions. Sumner, Aug. 27, 1S46. latter. Continue, to stay on, without interv.al of absence. obtained from the needles
(i) Staminate pistil.
abhorrently (ab-hor'ent-li), adv. With abhor- Dwell, to le domiciled. Reside, to have one's home ; dwell. of the European silver fir,
)

late inflorescence of the pine;

And may Abirs pcctinata. (3) a pistillate scale, and (4)
rence in an abhorrent manner.
;
if these pleasures thee move.
the same showing a longitudi-
One who abhors. Then live with me and be my love. Abietites (ab"i-e-ti'tez),
abhorrer (ab-h6r'er), }(. Marlowe, Shepherd to his Love.
nal section of the ovules.
Spccitically (with orwithout a capital letter), in the reign )/. [NL., pi. (septate),
of England, a member of the court party,
of I'liarlcs II.
Thou who changest not, abide with
abies (abiet-), the fir.] me
genus of fossil
! Lyte.
< L. A
afterward called Tones. They derived their name from A certain man
of Beth-lehem-judah went to sojourn in
plants, natural order Conifene, occurring in the
their professed abhorrence of the principles of the Ad- the country of Moab, he, and his wife, and his two sons.
dressers, who endeavored to restrict the royal prerogative. . .And they came into the country of Moab, and eon-
.
Wealden and Lower Greensand strata.
See addresser. tinned there. Ruth i. 1, 2. Abigail (ab'i-gal), n. [< Abigail, the "waiting
Scarce a day passed but some abhorrer was dragged And Moses was content to dwell with the man. gentlewoman" in Beaumont and Fletcher's
before them [the House of Commons] aj:id committed to
the cnstoily of the sergeant-at-arms, at the pleaslU'e of the
Exod. ii. 21.
There, at the moated grange, resides this dejected Ma-
play of "The Scornful Lady" so named,
Roger North, Examen, p. 5(11. riana. Shak., M. for M., iii. 1.
perhaps, in allusion to the expression "thine
house.
handmaid," applied to herself by Abigail, the
abhorrible (ab-hor'i-bl), a. [< abhor + -iblc, abide^ (a-bid'), v. t. [This word iu the sense wife of Nabal, when carrj-ing provisions to
after horrible.] Worthy or deserving to be ab- of ' suffer for ' does not occur much earlier than David : see 1 Sam. xxv. 2-41.] general name A
horred. [Rare.] Shakspere's time. It is a corruption of ME. for a waiting-woman or lady's-maid. [Colloq.]
abhorring (ab-hor'ing), n. 1. A feeling of ab- abyen, pay for, due to confusion with abided,
Sometimes written as a common noun, with-
horrence ; loathing. wait for (as if that sense were equivalent to capital. out a
I find no abhorring in my appetite. Domie, Devotion. 'endure'): see further under abij'^, and ef.
The Abigail, by immemorial custom, being a deodand,
An object of abhorrence. abided, r. t., 4.] To pay the price or penalty and belonging to holy Church.
2t-
of ; suffer for. Reply to Ladies and Bachelors Petition, 1694
They shall be an abhorring unto all flesh. Isa. Lxvi. 24.
(Harl. Misc., IV. 440).
If it be found so, some will dear abide it.
abhul, n. See abhal. Shak., J. C, iii, 2. have seen one of these male Abigails tripping
I myself
Abia(a'bi-a),H. Agenusot Symenojitera. Leach. Ah me they little know ! about the room with a looking-glass in his hand and
Abib (a'bib), n. [Heb. dbib, an ear of corn, How dearly I abide that boast so vain. combing his lady's hair a whole morning together.
Milton, P. L., iv. 86. Siectator.
< dbab, produce early fruit, .< ab, swelling.]
The time of newly ripe gi'ain the first month abident. Old perfect participle of abided. abigeat (ab-ij'e-at), V. [< OF. abigeat, < L.
;

of the Jewish ecclesiastical y.ear, beginning abider (a-bi'der), H. [<a6irfei -I- -o'l.] One abigeatus, cattle-stealing, < abigeus, a cattle-
with the new moon of March. Ablb seems to have who dwells or continues one who lives or stealer, < a6i(/CTr, drive away: see abactor. ;

been the designation of a season rather than the name of resides. For the second sense (b), ef. L. abiga, a plant
a month. After the Babylonish captivity it was also abiding (a-bi'ding), p. a. [Ppr. of abide^.] which has the power of producing abortion,
calleil Nimn (Neh. ii. 1). an < abigere, as above.] In law : (a) The crime
Continuing; permanent; steadfast: as,
abidance (a-bi'dans), . [< abide'^ + -ance.] abidintj faith. of stealing or driving off cattle in droves. (6)
The act of abiding or continuing abode; stay. ; A miscarriage procured by art,
Here thou hast no abiding city.
Fuller. [Rare.] Thomas- a Kempis, Im. of Christ, ii. 1. abiliatet (ar-bil'i-at), v. t. [For abilitate ; or
And then, moreover, there is His personal abidance in 1 do not tliink that Pope's verse anywhere sings, but it irreg. formed from able, L. habilis, ML. (h)abi-
our churches, raising earthly service into a foretaste of should seem that the abiding presence of fancy in his best
heaven. J. H. Newman, Gram, of Assent, p. 475.
lis.] To enable. Bacon. [Rare.]
work forbids his exclusion from the rank of poet.
Lowell, Study Windows, p. 432. abilimentt (a-bil'i-ment), n. [Vax. of habili-
abide^ (a-bid'), v.; pret. and pp. abode, ypr. ment, q. v.] Ability: as, " abiliment to steer a
abidiiuj. [< ME. abiden (pret. sing, abod, pi. abidingly (n-bi'ding-H), adv. In an abiding
kingdom," Ford, Broken Heart, v. 2.
ubiden, pp. abiden), < AS. dbidan (pret. sing. manner eiuluringly; lastingly; permanently. ;

[<abidin(/,
abilimentst, n. pi. Same as habiliments.
ahdd, pi. dbidon, pp. abiden) (= Goth, nsbeidan, abiding-place (a-bi'ding-plas), ?!.
(a-bil'i-tat), c. t. [<ML. hahilitatus,
expect), < o- + bidan, bide: see bide. The ME. verbal n. of abided, + place.] place where abilitatet A
pp. of liahiiiiarc (> OF. habileter, habiliter), ren-
and AS. forms are trans, and intrans.] I. one abides; a permanent dwelling-place; hence,
der able, < habilis, able see able^.] To assist. :
tram. 1. To wait for; especially, to stand one's a place of rest ; a resting-place.
Nicholas Ferrar.
ground against. A very charming little abiding-place.
[< ME. abilite (four syl-
H. James, Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 41. ability
(a-bil'i-ti). H.
Abide me if thou dar'st. Shak., M. N. D., iii. 2. lables), < of;' habilite (ME. also ablete, < OF.
Howbeit we abide our day M. Arnold, Balder Dead. Many of these plants found suitable abiding- .

ablete), < L. habilita(t-)s, ML. abdita(t-)s, apt-

. .
!

places at the South. Science, III. 359.

2. To await be in store for. ; ness, < /)0&(/(S, apt, able: see abW^.] 1. The
Abies (ab'i-ez), n. [L. abies (abiet-), the silver
Bonds antl afflictions abide me. or condition of being able; power or
Acts xx. 23.
fir; origin unknown.] A genus of trees, the state capacity to do or act in any relation; compe-
3. To endure or sustain remain firm under. ;
firs, of the suborder Abietincir, natural order
>Mio may abide the day of his coming? tence in any occupation or field of action, from
Mai. iii. 2. Conifcra; some of which are valuable for their
tircatness does not need plenty, and can very well abide
the possession of capacity, skill, means, or
timber, it dift'ers from Pinus in its solitary leaves and
its loss. merA'o/i, Essays, 1st ser., p. 232. in the thin .scales of its cones, whicli ripen the first year.
other qualification.
4. To put up with; tolerate. [In this collo- From the allied genera Picea, Tsuga, etc., with which They gave after their ability unto the treasure of the
it has sometimes been united, it is distinguished by its work. Ezra ii. 69.
quial sense approaching abide^.]
closely sessile leaves, by the bracts of the female aments Alas what poor !

I cannot abide the smell of hot meat. being much larger than the scales, and by having erect Ability's in me to do him pood ?
Shak., M. W. of W., 3. cones with deciduous scales. It includes 16 or 18 species,
i. 5;m*., M. forM., L 5.
 ' :

12 abjurer
ability
+ act of casting or down the act of hum-
away
abiOgeny (ab-i-oj'e-ni), . [< Gr. a-priv. ^.'of
;

To the close of the RepubUe, the law was the sole field

' a capacity '"-
- of
-
for -born : see abiogenests and -gen.^
-bom
-gen ^
+ bling or abasing abasement. ;
for alToWWu eicKpt the special talent -;. nv/f
,
^j.^,^
life, -}ev>i(,
generalship. ilaiiu: ViUage Communities, p. SsO.
tibiogettesis. Same as The audacite and bolde speche of Daniel signifyeth the
>Uoiaal corapiunasoi which or- abjection of the kj-nge and liis realme.
We must regard the co! -hiolofflcal lab'i-o-loj'i-kal), a. [< 6r. a- priv. Exp. of Daniel, ch.
, . , ,
Joiic,
ganisms are built as havin'Z,* notcpertain-
ability to separate colloi'l*
;

2. state of being east down or

The away;
//. Spciuvr, I'rin. of BioL, 7 ing to biology. ; base- hence, a low state ; meanness of spirit
mental The biological sciences are sharply marked off from the
2. pi. In a concrete sense, talents; abiological, or those which treat of the phenomena mani- ;
ness groveling humility ; abjectness.
gifts or endowments. fested' by not-liWng matter, lluxky, Anat. Invert., p. 1. That this should be termed b;i3eness, (ycc(ioii of mind,
Natural abitUies are like nattoal plants, that need prun- (ab'i-o-loj'i-kal-i), adv. Not bio- or serviUty, is it credible? Hooker, Ecel. Pol., v. 47.
<""". studies, Essay oO. abiologically
ing by study.
loo-icallv iu au abiological manner. Contempt for Ids abjection at the foul feet of the Church.
He had good abilities, a genial temper, and no vices. ;
Strinburne, Shaliesprare, p. 80.
Emerson, Soc. and Sol. abirritant (ab-ir'l-tant), . [< l>. ab, trom,
Kejection; expulsion.
E. irritant.'\ In med., a soothing drug or 3. +
8 The condition of being able to pay or to application. Cabin understands by Christ's descending into hell,
meet peeuniarv obligations; possession of (ab-ir'i-tat), v. t. ; pret. and pp. ahir-
that he sulfereii in his soul ... all the torments of hell,
financial or jjecii- abirritate even to abjection from God's presence.
means : caUed distinctively
n?affrf, ppr. abirritating. [<L. a&, from, E. Heylin, Hist, of Presbyterians, p. 350. +
niary abilittj.
Out of my lean and low oMWi/ irritate.'] In mod., to deaden or lessen irrita-
abjective (ab-jek'tiv), a. [< abject -ive.] +
I'll lend you something. Shak., T. X., ui. i. tion in ; soothe by removing or diminishing TemUug to abase ; demoralizing : as, abjective
A draft upon my neighbour was to *ne the same as irritabilitv. influence.
iuin-iiir FaU
..,,-. Mall Gazette.
-.
monev " for I was sufficiently convinced of his ability. abirritation (ab-ir-i-ta'shou),)i. [<L. aft, away, -biectlv (ab'iekt-li), adt' In an abject, mean.
J
Goldmiith, V icar, siv. from, E. irritation.-] In patlwl, the removal '"'^ ^^^^^^^ manner. +
4. That which is within one's power to do; or diminution of irritation or irritability
the ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^, .,,i^.,j j create. It is abjectly servile to m
best endeavor. various tissues. mv will, and has no capacity whatever to gainsay it.
//. James, Subs, and shad., p. 40.
Be thou assur'd, good Cassio, I will do abirritative (ab-ir'i-ta-ti^)r " Tending to ab- '

All my abilities in thy behalf. Shak., 0th., m. 3. irritate ; due to abirritation. abjectness (ab'jekt-ues), 11. The state or
=Syn. 1 Abitilv, Capacity, power, strength, skUl, dex- abismet, " See abimc. , , , ,
quality of being abject, mean-spirited, or de-
Abtlitii
terity faculty, capability, qualiflcation. ethtiency. abitt. Third person sing. pres. of abtde^. graded ; abasement ; servility.
denotes active power or power to perform, and is used
regard to power of any kind. Capacity conveys the abitt, " t>bsolete form of habit. \W\e\\ a mid anunal is subdued to abjectness, all its in-
with Ilijijinson, oldport Days, p. 37.
idea of reeeptiveness, of the possession of resources abitaclet, Obsolete form of habitaelc. terest is gone.

Dotential rather than actual, and may be no more than abitet, v. t. [ME. abitan, < AS. abltun, bite, eat, obludge (ab-iuj'), V. 1. X pret. and pp. abjlldged.
ondeveloped abilitv. Abilitii is manifested in action, while devoiir, < a- bitan, bite.] +
To bite ; eat ; de- ppr. abjudging. !< <ib- '+ judge, after abjudicate,
eapacitu dues not imply action, as when we speak of a ca- To'take away by judicial decision; rule
vour. q. v.]
pacity for virtue. Capacity is the gift of nature ai>i(i(;/ ;

ispartly the result of education or opportunity. abitiont (ab-ish'on), n. [< L. ahitio(n-), < abirc, out. [U'are.]
What is a power, but the ability or faculty of doing a go away, < ab. away, + ire, go.] The act of abjudicatet (ab-j6'di-kat), r. t. [< L. abjndi-
thing? What is the ability to do a thing, but the power departing death. ; catiis, pp. of abjiidicarc, < ab, away, -i-jtidicare.
of employing the means necessary to its execution ? abject (ab'jekt), a. and n. [< ME. abject, <!.. judge: see judijc.] 1. To take away by judicial
A. Hamilton, Federalist, No. 33. meau,
abjccttis, downcast, low, pp. of abiccrc, sentence. 'Ash. 2. To judge to be illegal or
Capacity is requisite to devise, and ability to execute, a
U- Taylor. also spelled abjicerc, <ab, away, + Mcen; throw, erroneous reject as wrong as, to abjudicate ; :
great entcrprUe.
2. Abilities, Talents, Parts, etc. (see
genius), gifU, fac- = Gr. Td7rr(i/, throw see iambic] I. a. If. Cast a contract.
:

ulty, aptitude, accomplishments.

aside ; cast away abjected. ; abjudication (ab-jo-di-ka'shon), )!. [< abjiidi-
So thick hestrown. cdlc] Deiu'ivation by judgment of a court;
-ability. See -able, -bilitij, -jbility. and lost, lay these, covering the flood,
Abject a divesting by judicial decree. Specifically, a
abilliamentst (a-bil'i-a-ments), n. pi. [<0F- Under amazement of their hideous change. legal decision liy which the real estate of a debtor is ad-
haliilUmint, armor, war equipments (mod. F., jl/i((o, P. L., i. 312.
judged to his creditor.
clothing) the E. spelling -Hi- imitates the
;
" "'~ [< L. ahjugatus,
sound of F. II, as in billiards, q. v. See luihili- from, + jtigum
ment.] Same as habiliments, but applied more
especially to armor and warlike stores. [< L. abjunclus,
pp. of ahjuni/eri, unyoke, separate, < ab, from,
And now the temple of Janus being shut, warlike abillin- despicable ;
servile ;
groveling.
Artti. ifitson. Hist. .Tames I.
ments grew rusty. Or in this abject posture have ye sworn
To adore the conciueror? Milton, P. L., i. 322.
+ jungen; join. Cf ciwjunctirc and subjunctive.]
.

abimet, abismet, . OF. ahime, earlier abisnic

[< Isolated; e.xceptioual. [Rare]
An abysm. =Syii. 3. Abject, Low, Mean, Ororcling, debased, despi- It is this power which leads on froiu the accidental
Bee abysm.] cable degraded, degenerate, wretched, menial, worthless, . . .

aujnnaire to
.in" abjnnctire vnc universal.
lo the Is. Taylor, Sat. Eve., xxi.
Colu:nn and base npbering from abime. beggarly. (See list under menu may
.T low.) Abject, low, and )iii'(i/i inay .ind ui.i.eii,.... j.-. . ..;

JSallad in Commemlacioun of Oure Ladie,

'" -".
129. "' ;o' is more often [< Ij. abjura-
' '
1.
have essentially the .same meaning,
no rac but abjUration (ab-jii-ra'shon), 1i.

Feel such a care, as one whom some Abisme used with respect to nature, UoO,-),<.il^.,rare: pee""';)"'-;]] The act of
In the deep Ocean kept had all his Time. to character or conductr;':^^?"o'SSt"^e^/r,;;;'h;;
Drummond o/ Hawthomden, Works, p. S9. iv'c use
the vividness of figurati... .-.-.----
it
position toward what is low and base. Loic is generally

represents natural dis- ;
,
abjuring; a renunciation upon oath, or with
great solemnity or strong asseveration : as, to
ab initio (ab i-nish'i-o). [L. ab, from; initio, : .stronger than mean, conformably to the original senses of take an oath of abjuration; an abjiiratiou of
abl. of initium, beginning: aee initial.] From the two words. hercsv. The onth of abjuration is the negjltive part of
the beginning. Xever debase yourself by treacherous ways, oath of alUgiaiiee. In the United States, foreigners thi-
>or by such abject methods seek for praise. seeking natundi/ation nnist on oath renounce all ulle-
abintestate (ab-in-tes'tat), a. [<LL. abmtcs- gianee to every foreign sovereignty, as well as swear
Dniden, Art of I'oetry, iv. 97(>.
Uiliis. < L. ab, iT')m,+ intfslatiis : see intestate.]
An abject nmn he IWcdsey] was, in spite of his pride tor allegiance to the ennstitution and government of the
;

Inheiiting or devolving from one who died in- being overtaken riding out of that pliicc U)wards Esher b.v Inited States. I'ornierly, in England, ptiblic olllcers were
testate. one of the King's chamlierlains, who brought him a knid re(iHircd to take an ontli of abjuration, in which they
message and a ring, he alighted from hia mule, took olf renouiu-ed allegianee to the house of Stuart and acknow-
ab intra (ab in'tra). [L. see ab- and : xntra^.]
his cap, and kneeled down iu the dirt. leilg.ii the title of the, house of Hanover.
From witliin opposed to ab extra.
:
Dickens, Child's Hist. Eng. xxvii. abjuratory (ab-jii'ra-to-ri), </. rertainiugtoor
,

abiogenesistab i-6-jen'e-sis), n. [NL. (Huxley, What in me is dark e.xpri'ssiiig alijuratlon. Abjuratory anathema.
1870), < "Jr. <\- priv. +
jiior, life, + jiftaif, gen- Illumine, what is low raise and support. See rtnatltema.
In bi'il., the production of living MiUon, P. 1.., i. 23.
eration.] abjure pret. and pp. abjured, ppr.
(ab-jiir'), '.;
things othi-rwiso than through the growth and There is hardly a spirit upon earth so mean and con- abjurer, < L. abjurare, deny on
abjurinq. [< I'\
tracted as to centre all regards on its own Interests.
development of detached portions of a parent Bp. Itcrkcley. oiith, <"((/), from, +,/ror<', swear, <.;'iw (./)'-),
organism; Bpontiineous generation. Abiogcnesia
This vice of intemperance is the arch-abomlnallon i.t law. right. Cf. adjure, conjure, prrjiire.] I, trans.
wan forniirU .uppiwd to prevail i|iiite wiil.ly even among our natures, tending ... to ilrag down the soul to (be 1. To reni)iitice"ui)Ou oath; forswear; with-
companitiM l> riiplex forms of life. It Is now proved 371,
slavery of grovelling lusts. Kverett, orations, 1.
that It on or., If lit nil. only in the Hiniplest microscopic draw formally from as, to abjure allegiance to
2.
:

orvanlHms, iiii-l *' t

f li '
adverse to the r
i I f
-
H.t A
person who is alijectly base, ser- a prince. To renounce or repudiate; aban-
claim that It I. ili'd there. The vilo, or dependent a caitiff or menial. ;
don : rclraci ; especially, to reuotiiice or ro-
tendency of v ., however. Is to-
gathered themselves together against
Yea, the alijects tracl with soleniiiity a.s, to abjure one's errors
ward the a<iiiTni <ri nuUiml converHlon
;l jirori k^ <.i
knew i*"''- '"
:

me, and I It not. l'-

of non-living In I" living matter at the dawn of life on or wrong priieticcs.
this earth. AI-. alli il ubio[ienii.
i See biogenesis and /ie(- We are the queen's abjtcU, and must obey.
1 pill nivsilf to thy direction, and
.v/,,,*-.. Rich. III.. 1. 2.
eTf^iirneMis.
1 */\
I'nsiieak mine own detraction here nfyiire ;
/
(ao-jeKt ), i'. f, [< see 1 I
Ij. iibjectitSfTap. :
The taints ami blames I laid upon myself.
At the present moment there In not a shadow of trust- aOjeCtt
worthy direct cvldei that abioficnmiii <\uat take phiee, tlio adj.] 1. To throw away; cuKt off or out. s'/iii*., .Macbeth, Iv. 3.

or liai taken place within lln piriod during which the For that offence only Almighty <:..d alijccled Saul, that Not a few Inipecuidoiis zealots abjured the ubo of
ill.ti III n of life on the ul'.l.. riled. I T
he should no more reign ovi-r Innn I, money (iiiiIish earned by other people), professing ti> live
Il<irh-;i, Aiiut. Invert., p. 1".
Sir /'. /,'/;/..(. The Ooveniour, 1. on the Intel iial revenues o( the sjdiit.
ImwcII, Sliidy Windows, p. 104.
ablogeneaist (ab'i-<>-jnn'e-Hist), n. [< abiogenr- 2. To make abject; humiliat.. tlogrado.
, |.^,, , ,,
;
,^^
XIV + -is'. Snnie n abioiienixt.
I It abjected his spirit to that degree that he fell 'InuK 'f-
(,, 1,.,^^. ii, .nimtry and never reluiii iiii oalli by which ;

[See aim,- .strype. Memorials, I. u.. in sonii' cases

ablogenetic (ub'i-o-Jv-net'iU), a. oiislyslck. ^^^^^^^^ taking refuge In a ehnreh niiglit

gntitu and grnctie.] Of or pertaining to iitiio- What that can make lhl gallant bo sloop and ab-
Is it ,,.,. ||,|,. iiv,.h. = 8)m. To llenounee, lleeanl. Abjure, etc.
iivMilniielf so basely? ;'i.(/iiro/, AlheomaslK, p. 4.s, ,,.,. ,.,.,.,.) rellmiillsh, abandon, disavow, lake back,
gl'MO-i-,
TbOHlate dlsehdni, repdlalt% unsay.
In abjectodneSSf Oib-jok't..il.noH), fi. ,
ablogenetically (ab'i n..t'i-ki.l-i), flf/r.
To tako an oath i.i.:,.Hn
of ab iiration.
1,1,,,, ,1.,- IMUIlIII pontuneous goner- or . ondition of being iiUject ; abjoctnoBs; hn- II. fH7;'H.^.
^ "^ One Thomas Harding, ... Who had n'liiim/ In the year
iilji'i
iniliiilm.i
"'
'^
:

n. r< abiogeny '"'.ur s'lonr annl. him-l. to .he ,>ot.om of abMetednr.,

K,'-'.
/'/' '';;'"'. ">;;'
abiogciii . "i;;-
inenf liiOKeneHiH. to null iiiir condition to tlioeonlraryexlremc. /(""'r (ab-jdr'raont), n. The act ol atl- abjurementf
^(.J A I.. trine
i: II

abjectlon Oib-jek'Bhcn). ". f<MK. nWmio,,,,, lining; niimieiiiiion. .1. Hall.

AIho enlbd
-i-nj nan), a rroduced by <()l'. /y'cr(iii,<L.. d6jc<7i..(H-), act of ciiKtiiig abiuror (al.-.ifi'r('-r), H. l< abjure
,
-cr^.] One + -,

abiogenonB .

HjiontaneoiiH generetion. away, <abicere,til^icre: avuabjcctia,} It. The who iibjures or I'orswoara.
 ;

abjuror 13 ablet
abjuror Cab-jS'ror), . See nhjurer. languages of the Indo-European family, and < liorre^e, shudder (c) dcl-eble (negative, -
;

abkar ab'kiir), . [Hiiul. Pers. nhkdr, a distil-

( has been retained by some of them, as Latin, delible, conformed to preceding), < L. delehilis,
ler, < lliml. Pers. ith, Skt. dp, water, kdr, Skt. + Sanskrit, and Zend, while in some it is lost, or < dele-re, From adjectives in -ble are
destroy.
kdni, making, < Skt. -y/ Icar, make soo abkari.'] : merged in another ease, as in the genitive in formed nouns in -ness {-ble-ncss), or, from or
In Inilia, one who makes or sells spirituous Greek. It is primarily the./Vvra-case. 3. Per- after the L., in -hilili/, which in some cases is a
licinors; one who pays abkari. taining to or of the nature of the ablative case: restored form of ME. and OF. -blete, <L. -bili-
abkari, abkary (ab-kii'ri), u. [< Hind. Pers. as, an ablative construction. tas, See -ble, -biliti/, -ity, -ty."]
aoc. -bili-tat-em.
dlikiiri, the liquor-business, a distillery, < dbkdr, II. m. In gram., short for ablative case. See A common termination of English adjectives,
a distiller: see ahkar.l Literally, the manu- ablative, a., 2. Often abbreviated to 6i. Abla- especially of those based on verbs, 'j'o the base to
facture and sale of spirituous liquors ; hence, tive absolute, in Lafin >innii., the name given to a noun whifh it is attached it generally adds ilitr notion of capable
with a ijarliciple or some other attributive or qualifying of, worthy of, and Sinnetimes full of, ctiusiiig
specifically, iu British India, the government : as, oljtain-
word, either expressed or understood, in the ablative case, capable of being obtained tolerablr, capable of being
(iblr,
excise upon sueh liquors; the licensing of deal- which is not dependent upon any other word in the seu-
;

bonie lawiahlp, worthy of praise credibl,', that may be

; ;

ers iu strong drink. Xlie nu-tlicl cif c.l.taining revenue teni^e. believed, (jr worthy of belief
forcible, full of force hor-
; ;

friJiu this source, called tlic ah/atri sftstr}!/^ is by farming rible, terrible, full of or causing horror, terror. Many of
uxit the privilege to contractors, who supply the retail
ablaut (ab'lout G. pron. fip'lout), w. [G.,<a6,
;
these adjectives, such as tolerabb', rreililtle, l.'f/ible, have
off, noting substitution, -f- taut, n., soiuid, < laut,
ilt'uK'rs. Also spelled ahkarcf, aubhauri/, etc. been borrowed directly from the Latin or tlie l-'i-eneh, and
a., loud: seeloud.] In ^)/((7o/., a substitution of
Abkhasian (ab-ka'zian), . and H. I. a. Of are in a somewhat ditferent position from those toiTOed by
or belonging to a Caucasian tribe occupying one vowel for another in the body of the root of adding the termination to an already existing English
a word, accompanying a modification of use or word, as in the case 'of obtainable. Adjectives of thifl
the Russian territory of Abkhasia on the north- kind, with a passive signification, are the most inimerous,
east coast of the Black Sea. meaning as, bind, band, bound, bond, German
:
and the base may be Anglo-Saxon or Latin ratable, bear- ;

II. n. A
member of this tribe. bund; more especially, the change of a vowel to able, readable, believable, etc., are of the former kind.
those in -ftWewith an active signification we may mention
Of
Also written Ahkaakiii, Abchasian, Ahasian. indicate tense-change in strong verbs, instead
of the addition of a syllable (-ed), as in weak
d''i,ri,ih/.\ siiilif/,/,-, rnpnht,'. Of a ueuter Signification are
abl. An alibreviation of ablative. d.innhlr^ ,,/,i<ili!r, ruiifnniiiflih'. All these are from verbal
ablactate (ab-lak'tat), V. t. ; pret. and pp. verbs as, get, gat, got; sink, sank, sunk.
: basrs, Imt there are otliers derived from nouns, such as
ahlactatcd, ppr. ablactuting. [< L. ablactatus, ablaze (a-biaz'), prep. pihr. as adv. or a. [< a^, actionable, objectionable, peaceable, salable, serviceable.
1. On fii-e As to when -able and when -ible is to be used, Mr. Fitzed-
pp. of ablactare, wean, < ab, from, lactare, + j>rep., on, 4- biased, q. v.] in a ;
ward Hall remarks : " Generally, the termination is -ible,
give suck see lactation.'] To wean from the blaze; burning briskly: as, the bonfire is n6?a^<!.
breast.
:

[Rare.] 2. Figuratively, in a state of excitement or

if the base is the essentially uncomipted stem of a Latin
infinitive or supine of any conjugation but the first. . . .

ablactation (ab-lak-ta'shou), n. [< L. ablacta- eager desire. To the rule given above, however, there are many excep-
tions. ... To all verbs, then, from the Anglo-Saxon, to
ti<i{-), weaning, < ahlactarc, wean: see ablac- The young Cambridge democrats were all ablaze to as- all based on the uncoiTupted infinitival stems of Latin
tate.'] 1. The weaning of a child from the sist Torrijos. Carlyle. verbs of the first conjugation, and to all substantives,
breast.
2. In hort., same as inarchiiuj. See This was Emerson's method, ... to write the perfect
Une, to set the imagination ablaze with a single verse.
whencesoever sprung, we annex -able only." See his work
"On English Adjectives in -Able, with Special Reference
inarch.
Tlie Century, XXVII. 930. to Reliable," pp. 45-47.
ablaquet, ablackt (ab'lak), . A sort of stuff
used in the middle ages, supposed to have been 3. Gleaming brilliantly lighted up : as, ablase able-bodied (a'bl-bod"id), a. [< able^ -\- body
;

made from the silk of a mollusk, the pinna, with jewelry. -t- -ed". ] Having a sound, strong body having ;

and probably similar to that still made on the ablel (a'bl), a. [< ME. able, abel, etc., < OF. able, strengtii sufficient for physical work as, a :

shores of the Mediterranean from the same liable = Pr. Sp. Pg. habil, It. abile, <L. habilis,
dozen able-bodied men; an able-bodied sailor.
ace. habilem, apt, expert, < habere, have, hold: In a ship's papers abbreviated to A. li.
material.
[<L. abla- see habit.] 1. Having power or means suffi- Feeding high, and living soft,
.ablaqueatet (ab-lak'we-at), v. t.
Grew plump and able-bodied.
qiwatiis, pp. of ablaqueare, turn up the earth
cient qualified competent as, a man able to
; :
;
Tennyson, The Goose.
around a tree, prop, disentangle, loosen, < ab, perform military service ; a child is not able
to reason on abstract subjects. ablegate! (ab'le-gat), r. t. [<L. ablegatus, pp.
from, -t- laqiieus, a noose: see lace.] To lay of ablegare, send away, < nb, oS, away, -I- legare,
bare in cultivation, as the roots of trees. Every man shall give as he is able. Deut. xvi. 17.
To be conscious of free-will must mean to be conscious,
send as ambassador: see legate.] To send
ablaqueationt (ab-lak-we-a'shon), n. [<L. ab- abroad.
laqneatio{n-), <. ablaqueare : see ablaqiicatf.] A
before I have decided, that I am able to decide either
way. J. S. .Mill. ablegate (ab'le-gat), . [<L. ablegatus, pp.:
laying bare of the roots of trees to expose see ablegate, v.] A
papal envoy who carries
The memory may be disciplined to such a point as to be
them to the air and water. Eveliin. able to perform very extraordinary feats. insignia or presents of honor to newly ap-
ablastemic (a-blas-tem'ik), a. [< Gr. a- priv. Macaulay, Lord Bacou. pointed cardinals or ci'vil dignitaries. Apostolic
+ E. hlanlemic] Not blastemic non-germinal. ;
2. Legally entitled or authorized ; having the ablegates are of higher ranlt than those desig-
ablastOUS (a-blas'tiis), a. [< Gr. a/3Xatrrof, not requisite legal qualification: as, an illegitimate nateil pmitifical.
budiliug, barren, < a- priv. -I- jiAaaTd^, a bud,
germ.] Without germ or bud.
son is not able to take by inheritance.
3. In ablegation (ab-le-ga'shon), n. [< L. ablega-
an absolute sense : (a) Vigorous ; active. tio(n-), <. ablegare : sec ablegate, v.] The act
ablatet (ab-laf), v. t. [< L. ablatus, taken away:
His highness comes post from Marseilles, of as able body of ablegating, or sending abroad or away ; the
see ablative.] To take away; remove. Boorde. as when he numbered thii'ty. Shak., Alls Well, iv. 5. act of sending out.
ablation (ab-la'shon), n. [< L. ablntio{n-), a An
taking away, < ablatus, taken away : see ablate (6) Having strong or unusual powers of mind, arbitrarious ablegation of the spirits into this or that
deternnnate part of the body.
or intellectual qualifications as, an able min-
anA ablative, a.] 1. A carrying ortaking away; ister.
:
Dr. H. More, Antid. against Atheism, I. ii. 7.

removal ; suppression.
Provide out of all the people aile men. Ex. xviii. 21.
ablen (ab'len), . A dialectal form of a6?<;f.
Prohibition extends to all injustice, whether done by ablenesst (a'bl-nes), n. [< ME. abulnesse, < abut,
force or fraud whether it be by ablation or prevention or
; With the assassination of Count Kossi, the ablest of the
uhil, able, + -nesse, -ness.] Ability power.
detaining of rights. Jer. Taylor, Great Exemplar, 3T. Eoman patriots, there vanished a last hope of any other ;

Complete ablation of the functions of the nervous sys- than a violent solution of the Papal question. I wist well thine ableness my service to further.
tem in death. Jour, of Ment. Sci., XXII. 15.
E. Dicey, Victor Emmanuel, p. 97. Testament of Love.

2. In med., the taking from the body by me- Able for is now regarded as a Scotticism, though Shak- Ablephari (a-blef'a-ri), n. pi.of rep- A group
chanical means of anything hurtful, as a spere h.as tiles taking name from the genus
Ablepharus.
diseased limb, a tumor, a foreign body, pus, " Be able for thine enemy rather in power than use." Ablepharus (a-blef'a-rus), )i. [NL., < Gr. ajS?^-
i/iapocj without eyelids, < a- priv., without, + fiM-
or excrement.
3. In chem., the removal of
All's Well, i. 1.

whatever is finished or no longer necessary. His soldiers, worn out with fatigue, were hardly able for
Principal liobertmn.
ijtapov, eyelid, < [iliireiv, see. Cf. ablepsia.] A
such a march.
4. In gcol., the wearing away or waste of a
glacier by melting or evaporation. Able seaman, a seam,an who is competent to perform
any work whicli may be required of him on board ship,
ablatitious (ab-la-tish'us), a. [<L. ablatus, such as littiim and placing rigging, making and mending
t;ik('n away, + -iiius, -icius, E. -itious, as in ad- sails, in addition to the ability to "hand, reef, and steer."
dititious, adscititious, etc.] Having the quality = Syn. 1 and 3. Capable, competent, qualified, fitted,
or character of ablation
Ablatitious force, in
asfrort., that force which diminishes the gravitation of a
adequate, etTicient strong, sturdy, powerful, vigorous
talenteti, accomplished, clever.
;

salelliti- t'lward its planet, and especially of the moon to- ablest (a'bl), V, t. [< ME. allien, abilen, ena-
wiud th,- (iuth. N. E. D. ble, < ME. able, abil, able.] 1. To enable.
ablatival (ab-la-ti'val), a. l< ablative + -aJ.] And life by this death abled shall controU
In ijram., pertaining or similar to the ablative whom thy death slew. Donne, Resurrection.
Death,
case. See ablative. 2. To warrant or answer for.
The ahlatiml uses of the genitive.
None does offend, none, I say none ; I'll able 'em.
Traill. Amcr. Philol. Ass., XV, 5. Ablepharus.
Shale, Lear, iv. 6.
ablative (ab'la-tiv),. andw. [<'L. ablafivus,the ["For some time the verb able was not unconmion.
name of a case, orig. denoting that from which Bishop Bale uses it often Bishop Latimer, Shakespeare, genus of harmless lizards, family Scincidai,;

something is taken away, < ablatus, pp. asso- Dr. Donne, Chapman, etc., have it too." F. Hall.] with iive-toed feet and only rudimentary eye-
ciated with auferre, take away, < ab, = E. off, + able^ (a'''l\ " [F. see ahlct.] Same as ablet. lids. . :

ferre= E. bcar'^, with which are associated the -able, -ible. [(a) ME. -able, < OF. -able, mod. ablepsia (a-blep'si-a), n. [LL., <Gr. d/3?.fY"'Q.
pp. latus and supine latum, OL. tlatus, tlatum, F. -ahle = Sp. -able Pg. -arrl = It. -abile, < L. blindness, < a- priv., not, -I- S'/.r-rd^, < ji7^7Tnv,
\/*tla=GT. rhpai, bear, akin to OL. tulere, L. -dbilis, ace. -dbilem ; (b) ME. -ihle, < OF. -ible, see.] Want of sight blindness. [Rare.] ;

tollere, lift, andE. thole", q. v.] Taking

I. a. 1. -eble, mod. F. -ible = S\j. -ible = 'Pg.
(a-blep'si), . -ivel = lt.
Same as ablepsia. ablepsy
or tending to take away ; tending to remove -ibile, i'L. -ibilis, ace. -ibilcm; (e) vnveiy -eble, ableptically (a-blep'ti-kal-i I, adv. l< ablepsia
pertaining to ablation. [Rare.] "
;
<L. -ebilis, ace. -ebilmn, etc.; being -We, L. (ablept-) -I- -ic -al -ly-.] Blindly; unob- + +
Where the lieart is forestalled with mis-opinion, a6i(iKe -bilis, suflixed in Latin to a verb-stem ending, servingly; inadvertently.
dn-ectioiis are found necdfull to unteach error, ere we
can or made to end, in a vowel, a, i, e, etc. : see ablet (ab'let), . [< F. ablefte, dim. of able, <
learne truth. Jlji. Hall, .Sermons, Deceit of Appearance.
-ble. Examples are: (a) ami-able, < ME. ainii- 1\IL. ahula, for albula, a bleak, dim. of L. albus,
2. In gram., noting removal or separation: able, < OP. aimable, < L. amicdbilis, friendly, white see alb.] local English (Westmore- : A
applied to a case which forms part of the origi- <a.mied-re, make friendly; (b) ftorr-jftte, < ME. land) name of the bleak. See blealfi, n. Also
nal declension of nouns and pronouns iu the horrible, orrible, < OF. orrible, < L. horribilis, called ablcn and able.
 ::

ablewhackets 14 aboil

ablewhackets (a'bl-whak-ets), . [< able (un- abn-egare, refuse, deny, < ah, off, negare, deny + has merged in the E. phrase. Cf. aboard!^.]
see negation.] To deny (anything) to one's 1. adi\ 1. On the deck or in the hold of a ship
certain, perhaps aUuding to able seaman)
A self; renounce ; give up or surrender. or vessel into or upon a vessel. [In the U. S.
+ ichack.] game of cards playcii by sailors, ;

used also of railroad-ears and other vehicles.]

in which the loser receives a whaek or blow The government which . could not, without abne-
- .

with a knotted handkerchief for every game gatiivj its own very natiu-e, take the lead in Uxakiag rebel- He lowdly cald to such as were abord.
lion an excuse for revolution. Spcmer, F. Q., II. vi. 4.
he loses. Also spelled ahelirhdrlfts. Loicell, Study Windows, p. 167.
abligatet (ab'li-gat , r. t. [< L. ah, from, + 2. Alongside ; by the side ; on one side.
abnega'fcion (ab-ne-ga'shon), . [< L. abnega-
li<jal((S, pp. of ligarc, tie: see lien and obli- He was desirous of keeping the coast of Amei-ica aboard.
tioyn-), denial, < abnegare, deny see abnegate.] : Cook, Voyages.
gate.'\ To tie up so as to hinder. Bailey.
The act of abnegating a renunciation. Aboard main tack an order to haul one of
abligationt (ab-li-ga'shon), n. The act of tying
;
! (naut.),
With abneijation of God, of his honour, aud of religion, the lower corners of the mainsail down to the chess-
up so as to hinder. iSinart. they may retain the friendship of the court, tree, All aboard the order to go on lioard or enter,
!

abligurition (ab-lig-fi-rish'on), n. [< L. ab- Knox, Letter to Queen Reg. of Scot. upon the startiiiL,' <d a vessel or (U. S.) railroad-train.
li,vtrUio{)t-), also \vritteu abUgurritio{n-), a Judicious confirmation, judicious abncriation.
To fall aboard of, to come or strike against said of a :

consume ship wliieli strikes against another broadside on or at an

consuming in feasting. < ahligurrire, CarlyU, The Diamond Neclilace.
obtuse angle. Such a collision is distinctively called an
in feasting, Ut. lick away, < ah, away, + Ugiir- abnegative (ab'nf-ga-tiv or ab-neg'a-tiv), a. aborda^h'. liO get aboard, to get foul of. as a ship.
rire, lick, be dainty, akin to lingere, lick, and Den.viiig; negative. Clarke. [Rare.] To go aboard, to enter a ship embark. TO haul ;

E. lick; q. v.] Excess ; prodigal expense for abnegator (ab'ne-ga-tor), n. [L., a denier.] aboard (11(1 11^). to haul down the weather-clew of the fore
or main coiii-se l(y the tack to tlie linmkiu or deck. TO
food. [Kare.] One who abnegates, denies, renounces, or op- keep the land ((r coast aboard (miut.), to keep within
ablins, ''' See aiblins. jioses. Sir E. Sandys. sight of land while sailing along it.

ablocate ab'lo-kat), v. t. pret. and pp. ablo- abnerval (ab-ner'val), a.. [< L. ab, from,
'

; + We sailed leisurely down the coast before a light fair

cn'.ul, ppr. ahlocating. [< L. ablocatits, pp. of ncrrus, nerve.] From or away from the nerve. wind, kecpiim the land well aboard,
ablocare, let out on "hire, < ab, from, + locarc, Applied to electrical currents passing in a muscular fiber li. II. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 124.

let out, place : see locate.] To let out lease. from the point of application of a nerve-fiber toward the
; To lay aboard {na ut.). to run alongside of, as an enemy's

ablocation (ab-lo-ka'shon), n. letting for A

extremities of the muscular fiber. ship, for the purpose of fighting.
liiri' :lease. abnet (ab'net), n. [< Heb. abnet, a belt.] 1. II. prep. 1. Onboard; into.
abloom (a-bl6m'), prep. phr. as adv. or a. [< a^, In Jewish antiq., a girdle of fine linen worn by We left this place, and were again conveyed aboard our
prep., +btoonA.'] In a blooming state; in priests. Also called abanet. ship. Fieldiuir, Voyage to Lisbon.

blossom. A long array of priests, in their plain white garments 2. Upon; across; athwart. [Rare.]
pret. and pp. ahluded, overwrapped by abnets of many folds and gorgeous colors.
abludet (ab-16d'\ r. I. ;
/.. Wallace, Ben-Hur, p. 530.
Nor iron bands aboard
ppr. alluding. [< L. abludere, be different from, The Pontic sea by their huge navy cast.

< ah, from, +

liidere, play. Cf. Gr. a-i,i<kiv, sing 2. In siirg., a bandage resembling a Jewish Spetiser, Virgil's Gnat, 1. 40.

out of tune, dissent, < a-6 (= L. ab), from, ]iricsf s girdle. aboard^t (a-bord'), n. [< F. abord, approach,
+ fdciv, sing.] To be tmlike ; differ ; be out abnodatet (ab'no-dat), v. t. [< L. ainodatus, pp. < aborder, approach the shore, land, approach,
of harmony. [Rare.] of abnodare, cut off knots, < ab (= E. off) + accost (cf. a bord, on board), < (< L. ad), to,
The wise adiice of oar Seneca not much ahluding from nodarc, fill
with knots, < nodus = E. knot : see -1- bord, edge, margin, shore, < D. board, edge,
the counsel of that blessed apustte. node and knot.] To cut knots from, as trees. brim, bank, board (of a ship): see flftoartA.]
Bp. Hall, Balm of Gilead, \i\. 1. Blount. Approach. Also spelled abord.
abluent (ab'lg-ent), a. and ?i. [< L. abluen(t-)s, abnodationt (ab-uo-da'shon), n. The act of He would, ... at the first aboard of a stranger, . . .

ppr. of wash off, cleanse, < ab, off,

'i/M<r(', + cutting away the knots of trees. frame a right apprehension of him.
lucre =
Gr. /.oieiv, wash.] I. . Washing; abnormal (ab-n6r'mal),
deviating from a
a. [< L. abnortnis,
fixed rule, irregular, < ah,
.^I'r K. Ditjby, Nat. of Bodies, p. 2h'i.

cleansing; purifying. abocockt, abocockedt, Corrupt forms of hij-

n. n. In med. (n) That which purifies the
:
from, -I- norma, a rule see norm aud normal. eoekrt. t'ompare ahocot.
:

blood, or carries off impurities from the system, Earlier unormal, q. v.] Not conformed or abodancet (a-bo'dans), n. [< abode^ -t- -ance.]
especially from the stomach and intestines a ;
conforming to rule deviating from a type or An omen.
;

detergent. ('<) That which removes filth or

standard contrary to system or law irregu-
; ;
\'erl)um valdc omiuatum, an ill abodance.
viscid matter from ulcers or from the skin. lar; unnatural. T. Jackson, Works, II. 635.
ablution (ah-lii'shon), . [< ME. ablution, ab- An argument is, that the above-specified breeds, though abodel (u-bod'), ji. [< ME. abood, abod, ear-
agreeing generally in constitution, habits, voice, cohnu--
lucioun, < OF. ablution, < L. ablutio(n-), < ab- lier ahail,continuance, stay, delay, < ME. abiden
ing, anil in most parts of their structure, with the wild
luerc, v,-diih off: see abluent, .] 1. In a gen- rock pigeon, yet are certainly highly abnormal in other (pret. idiod, earlier abad), abide see abided.] :

eral sense, the act of washing; a cleansing parts of their structure. Darwin, Origin of Species, i. 1. Stay; continuance in a place ; residence for
or purification by water. 2. Any ceremonial Abnormal dispersion. See dUpersion, a time.
washing, (a) Amona the Oriental races, a washing of the Abnormales
(ab-u6r-ma'lez), n. pi. [NL., I was once in Italy myself, but I thank God my abode
pereon or of iarts of it, a-s the hands and face, and anions se<! abnormal.]
pi. of iihiHirniidis
: In ornilli., there was only nine days.
the Hebrews also of ^rments and vessels, as a religious A-scliain, (juoted liy L((well, Study Windows, p. 4(Xt.
ill Garrod's and Forbes's arrangement of I'as-
duty on certain occa-sions, or in prepanition for some
religious act, as a sii^n of moral piiriflcntion, and sometimes seres, a division of tlio Oscincs or Acromijodi 2. A
place of continuance; a dwelling; a habi-
in token of innocence of, or absence of responsibility for, established for the Atistralian genera Menura tation.
some particular crime or chap,;e (whence the expression atid Atrichia, the lyre-bird and scrub-bird, on
"to wdA\i one's hands of anytbinc"). The Mohammedan lint I know thy nhodc, and thy going out, and thy com-
law requires ablution before each of the live daily prayers, account of the abnormal construction of the ing in. 2 Ki. xix. 27.
and r>ennil-* it to be performed with sand when water can- syrinx. See Atrieliii(br and Menurida'. 3t. Pelay as, " fled away without abode,"
:

not 1-e pr.M:nrc<I, as in the desert.

Tbi-re i^ a natural analojfy between the abhttion of the
abnormality (ab-nor-mari-ti), n [<. abnormal Spi n.' r
To make abode, to dwell or reside. = Syn.
+ -ill/.] 1. The stale or finality of being ab- 2. Kesidencc, dMclliug, biibitation, domicile, home, house,
body and the purillcation of the soul. lodging, homestead.
Jer. Taijlor, Worthy Communicant.
normal deviation from
; a standard, rule, or (juarters,

In the Itiftn. Calh. Ch. (1) The washinR of the feet of

:
type irregularity abnormity.
; ; abode- (a^bod'). Preterit of abide''-.
a) po>r <.lobn xlli. M) on Maundy or Holy Thursday,
ifl Tile recognition of the ahnonnality of his state was in abode''t (li-bod'), n. [< ME. abode, < aheden (pp.
called itm It'll il Hill, (2) The wiLshing of the celebrant's this case, at any rate, assured. Mind, IX. ir.1. ahoden), i AS. dheodan : see aA and bode-.] An
hand.4 l>efore and aft^-r cfimmunion. {c) In the Eastern
2. That which is abnormal that which is omen ; a prognostication a foreboding.
; ;
Churrh, the pur]flcati<m of the newly baptized on the
ighlh day after baptism. characterized by deviation from a standard, Astr(dogicall aud otherlikevaine predictions and nftix/rjc.
rule, or type an abnormal feat tire. Li/dijale.
8. In the lioni. t'alh. Ch., the yrino and water ;

The word [vice). In its true and original meaning, signi- lligh-thund'ring Juno's husband stirs my sjiirit with true
which after commniiion are separately poured J'oji. Sci, Mu., X-Wi. 'J;M. abmlfii. Ctiapman, Iliad, xiii. 146.
fies a fault, an abimriimlitii.
into the chalice over the thumb and index-
A single [human] body presented the cxtraordinaiy abode-''! (a-bi")d'), I'. [<.ahode^,n.] I. trans. To
flnKer of the ofTlcialing jiriest, who drinks this number of twenty-five lilstinct ahiifirinalitifx.
ablution before going on with t)ie closing foresliow jirognosticate forebode. ;
l)anriii, Ilesccnt of Man. 1. lo:.. ;

prsyeni.
4t. In chem., the purificulion of abnormally (ab-nftr'mal-i), adv. In an ab- This tempest,
lla-shing the garment of this pence, atiaded
bmlieH liy the uffunion of n proper liipior, as iiorinal manlier. The sudden breach oii't.
water to diswilvi' huIIh. 6. In wicc/., tlie wash- ImpreasifuiH made on the retina abnnrmalhj from witlilii.
Sliak., Hen. ^'I1I., 1. 1.

ini; of till' body extenuilly, as by batlis, or
internally, !> diluent fluiilH.
nucd in eUan-init.
Wanh'il by thi iriny wave, the pinna train
\rii cleanicil, and oajit the ahlulifinM in tlio main.
II. iiifrrtii.i. To be an omen; forebode: as,
by the mimi or itniiglimtinn, are al.Ho sonietilnes projected
8. The watr>r outward, and become the delusive signs of externa! oh
"this abodes sadly," Dr. JI. More, Decay of
Clirlstian I'icty.
jects having no exi;;tence. ],e Conte, .Sight, p. T'J.
[< abodeS +
abnormity (ab-nAr'm.i-ti), ". [< almonnous abodementt ta-bod'ment), .
Foreboding; ]irogiiosticati(in omen.
+
-ity, on typo of enormity, < enormous.] Irreg- -menl.] ;

/'o;m, Iliad. ii.'i. 1.

ularity; deformity; abnoriiiality. Tush, man! abodemcntu must iiol wnw alliigbt us.
iSliiil,:, Hen. VI., Iv. 7. .'1

ablntionaiy (ab-ln'uhon-a-ri), a. Pertaining Itlonde and whitish hair being, pro|KTly Hpi>aking, an
til iiMiiiiori. atiniirinily. J'liji. .Sei. Mo., ,\,\ll. 117. abodingt (a-bo'ding), . [Verbal n. of abode^.
ablavlon (nb-lO'vl-on), . [< ML. ablurio(n-), The farndaic i-nrrent which (Mires stune deep-seated iib- Cf. Iiotlinii.] I'reHentinient jnognoslication ; ;

n cl]iitik"'d form of I,, iililnri/lm, a flood or rlij. iinrmilij of nulrillim. J. Finkr, Cos. I'lili., I. Wl'.'. foreboding: as, "strange ominous fffcorfif/ and
nil'',' "iitiirrr, nanh iin hko abtumt, a.] li. A abnormoUB (ub-nAr'mus), a.
:
[< L. ahnorniis, fears," /i/i. Hull, Works, II. 4H!I.
fliHid. -2. That whiih \n wiuthed off or away. with Huflix -ouK, like uormou.s, ^Jj. cnomiis i abogado (ii-bo-git'dd), . [t^]t., <1j. advoeatus:
Ihrnilif. fUnre.] Kce abnormal.] Abnorinal iiiisHhapen. nci\
;
adriu'dte.] An iidvoeiite; ii eounselor:
ably 'o'lili rtrfr. < MK. abfiHehe, < nbrl, alile,
( used in purls of the United States settled by
Tlie general sinietiircof II ouplet through the 171b
+ .1,1 1,1, -Iy9.) In nn able manner; with century may be called abnorniiiiin.
J
Spaniards.
ftbilits. Il.illuin, Mt. Hist., IV. .'.d
aboideau, aboiteau (a-boi-do', -to'l, ii. [Of
-ably, t '"' + WVi. I abrl-lirhe; ,,i> -bli/, aboard' 'n-bord'), rr/i. jihr. iis adv. nnd/irz/i. iincertHin !". origin.] A dam to prevent the
if iidverb"! from iiiljuc-
ihlif.] I I'rinirii'
I
[< .MK. on horde, < AH, on Imrile (ihit.), on htinl tide from overllovving a marsh. [New Hruns-
tivc** in -"' {hi'c,): prep. oil, on; hord, |ilniil<, side ofn ship: wick.l
abnogato li/ne-Ku' .'.'.: pret. und pp. atme- (too hoard. Cf. V. albr n Imrd, go aboard; aboil (!>-boil'), prep. phr. as ailr. or a. f< o^,
gattd, ppr ,' nr,i,ifi,.,i I,, nimcgatiu,
I
i"
pp, of D. aan boon! gaan, go aboard. The F. d boni prep., 4- boil'i.] In or into a lioiling stale.
 ; ; ;
:
;

abolete 15 aboriginal
fence has been rendered. Bouvisr.] = Syn. Overthrow, OF. abominacion,
aboletet (al/o-let), a. [< L. *aboletus, pp. otaho- annulment, obliteration, extirpation, suppression. L. abominatio{n-), < abomi-
<
kscerc, decay, < abolere, destroy: see abolish.} nari, abhor: see abominate,
.] 1. The act of
Old; obsolete. abolitional (ab-o-lish'on-al), a. Pertaining or aliominatiiig or the state of being abominated}
ME.aboli/sshen, relating to abolition. the liigli(!st degree of aversion detestation.
abolisll (a-bol'ish), v. t. [< late ;

< OF. aboliss-, extended stem of abolir, < L. abolitionary (ab-o-lish'on-a-ri),. Destructive; Who have nothing in so great aboynination as those they
abolere, destroy, abolish, < ab, from, + *olc>r, aliiililioniil. hold for heretics. Sunft.
(ab-o-Ush'on-izm), 11. [KabolUioH
incorap., grow.] Todo away with; put aii oiid abolitionism 2. Thiit which is abominated or abominaVjle
to destroy efface or obliterate annihilate
; ;
-i.vm.] Belief in the principle of abolition,
;
:
+ an oliject jjreatly disliked or abhorred ; hence,
as of slavery devotion to or advocacy of the
as, to abolish customs or institutions; to abolish
;
hateful or shameful vice.
o|iiiiioiis of abolitionists.
slavery to abolish idols (Isa. ii. 18) ; to abolish
; Every shepherd is an abomination unto the Egyptians.
death (2 Tim. i. 10).
abolitionist (ab-o-lish'on-ist), n. l< abolition Gen. xlvi. 34.

Or wilt thou thyself

+ -ist ; =
F. ab'olitionniste.'] person who A Ashtoreth, the abomination of the Zidonians.
Aboliith thy creation, and unraalce, favors the abolition of some law, institution, 2 Ki. xxiii. 13.
For him, wliat for thy glory thou hast made ? or custom. Specifically, one of those who favored The adulterous Antony, most large
Milton, P. L., iii. 103. aiul sought to effect the abolition of slavery in the United In his aboyninatiuyis. Shak., A. and C, iii. 6.

Congress can, by edict, . . abolish slavery, and pay States. Before 1830 these persons generally advocated
.

for such slaves as we ought to pay
His quick, instinctive hand
gradual and voluntary emancipation. After that time 3. In the Bible, often, that which is ceremo-
for,
Emerson, Misc., p. 285. many began to insist on immediate abolition, without nially impure; ceremonial impurity; defile-
regard to the wishes of the slaveholders. A portion of ment that which defiles. = Ssm. 1. Detestation,
the abolitionists formed the Liberty party, which after-
;

Caught at the hilt, as to abolish him. loathing, disgust, abhorrence, repugnance, horror, aver-
ward acted with the Free-soil and Republican parties, alul sion. -2. Filtliiness, foulness, im]iurity, grossness.
Tennyson, Geraint.
finally became merged in tlie latter. See abolition, 1.
abominator Cji-bom'i-na-tor), n. One who
= Syn. To AbnUsh, Repeal, Rescind, Recall, Revoke, Abro- abolitionize (ab-o-lish'on-iz), r. t.; pret. and
qali\ Annul, Ciinrel, end, destroy, do away with, set aside,
abominates or detests.
pp. iilxilitiiinized, ppr. abolitioni:ing. To im-
nullify, aimiliihite, quash, vacate, make void, extirpate, abominet (a-bom'in), V. t. [<F. abominer, < L.
eniiUi'jitf, siii'inr.'^s, uproot, erase, expunge. Abolinh is a bue with the doctrines or principles of
aboli-
tionists.
abonihiiirisee abominate, f.]
: To abominate :

stroll^' w.ir<i, and si^iiilies a complete removal, generally "

its, I abomine 'em," Swift.
but not always l.y a siniunary act. It is the word specially abolla (a-bol'a), n. ; pi. aioUce (-e). [L., < Gr.
used ill Lumiectlun with things that have been long estab- aiijioTiii contracted form of avajloh'/, a cloak,
aboon (a-bon'), prep, and adr. [Sc, also abum,
li-iliL'd or deeply rooted, as an institution or a custom as, < ME. abuvcn : see above.] Above. [North.
til iilniUxti slavery or polygamy. Re/jeal is generally used
:

< avajiaXketv, throw back, < ava, back, jiaXAciv, + English and Scotch.]
^li the finiiial resciiuliiig of a legislative act. Ahroijate, throw. The Gr. form aji6XAa was in turn bor-
to aiiiilish siiiaiiiarily, more often as the act of a ruler, but rowed from the Latin.] In Bom. antiq., a loose And thou shalt bathe thee in the stream
siiniftinu's id a npnsiiitiltive body. Annul, literally to That rolls its whitening foam aboon.
woolen cloak, its precise form is not known it dif- ;
J. R. Drake, Culprit Fay, xxxii.
bring to nothiiit:, to deprive of all force or obligation, as a
fered from the toga, and was worn esjiecially by soldiers
law or contrail, /i'.m'i/ii/ O'terally, to cut short) is coex-
perhaps on this account, it was adopted liy .stnir pliilos.i-
;

aborad (ab-6'rad), arfc. [<. ab- + orad. Ct.ab-

tensive in mi.-aiiiiiii with both repeal and annul. Recall,
In anat., away from the mouth
I

renounce). Cancel not used of laws, but phers, who affected great austerity of life, whence Jmt'- oral.] : the op-
revoke (see is
nal's expression /acinus viajoris abolla;, a crime of a deep posite of orad.
of deeds, bonds, contracts, etc., and figuratively of what-
philosopher.
ever may be thought of as crossed out. [In legal p.arlaucc, Thacher has employed orad both as adjective and ad-
resciiul is never applied to a statute it is the common ex- aboma(a-b6'ma), J8.
;
[< Pg. oftomrt.] The name verb, but the correlative aborad, which might have been
pression for the act of a party in justly repudiating a con- in Guiana of some very large boa or anaconda of expected, has not been observed by us in his papere.
tract. Repeal is never applied to a contract it is the the family rythonidw or Boiclm, of the warmer
; Wilder ayid Gage, Anat. Tech., p. 23.
common expression for the termination of the existence
of a statute by a later statute. Annul is the common ex- parts of America. The species isnot determined and aboral (ab-6'ral), a. [< L. 06, from, + os (or-),
pression for the judicial act of a court in terminating the the name is probably of genei-al applicability to the huge mouth: see oral.] In anat., pertaining to or
existence uf any obligation or conveyance. Cancel is used tree-snakes of the American tropics. As a book-name,
aboma is identified witli the Epicrates cenchris, usually situated at the opposite ext(^mity from the
when tbc iiistiiiment is obliterated actually or in legal
Penny Cyc, 1836. mouth opposed to adoral. "
the other words when the obligation is misspelled Epicratis cenrliria. after the :
conteiuplatioii ;

annihilated irrespective of whether the instrument is left
intact or not.]
I have never doubted the constitutional authority of
Congress to abolish slavery in this District [of Columbia].
Lincoln, in Raymond, p. 184.
Leaving out amended acts and enumerating only acts
entirely repealed, the result is that in the last three
sessions there have been repealed 650 acts belonging .
This is a species called by .Sclater the thick-necked tree- If we imaginethe Astrophyton with its mouth turned
boa. A Venezuelan species is known as the brownaboma, upward and its arms brought near together, and the
Epicrates niaurus. Some such serpent is also called the aboral region furnished with a long, jointed, and flexible
ringed boa, Boa aboma. In any case, the aboma is a near stem, we 'shall have a form not very unlike the Pentacri-
relative of the anaconda, Eunectes murinus, and of the
nus caput-medusa? of the West Indies.
common boa, Boa constrictor. Compare boa and bom. Pop. Sci. Mo., XIII. 324.
The tamacuilla huilia or aboma appears to be the ser- aborally (ab-6'ral-i), adv. In an aboral man-
pent worshipped by the ancient Mexicans. It is of gigan-
.
tic size. .
.S. G. Goodrich, Johnson's Nat. Hist., If. 406.
ner or place at, near, or in the direction of
;

tu the present reign. H. Spencer, Pop, Sci, Mo., XXV. Ct. the aboral end aborad as, situated aborally. :
(ab-o-ma'sum), n. ; pi. abomasa
abomasum ;

[Same as
The king also rescinded the order by which the Bishop abordlf (a-bord'), n. aboard"^, q. v.
of London had been suspended from the exercise of his (-sLi). [NL., < L. aft, from, omsJ.] The
see a.\so border.] 1. Arrival; approach. 2.
+
functions. fourth or true stomach of ruminating animals,
Buckle.
Manner of accosting address salutation.
Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persians, they lying next to the omasum or third stomach,
; ;

Your abord, I must tell you, was too cold and uniform.
cannot alter or abrogate. Burke. and opening through the pylorus into the duo- Chesterfield.
Your promises are sins of inconsideration at best and denum. See cut under ruminant. ;

you are bomul to repent and annul them. abomasi abordlf (a-bord'), V. t. [< F. aborder, ap-
Swij't.
abomasus (ab-o-ma'sus), n.; pi. (-si).
proach see aboard^.] To approach ; accost.
here forget all former griefs.
I Same as nhomasum. :

At a loss.
Cancel all grudge. Shak., T. G. of V., v. 4. [<ME. abomi- abord^t (a-bord'), adv. [Rare.]
abominable (a-bom'i-na-bl), a.
Used in t!ie"following extract probably for abroad, in the
abolishable (a-bol'ish-a-bl), . [i abolish + nable, abhomi'iiable, <OF. abominable = Pr. ab- sense of adrift.
-able. Of. F." abolissable.'] Capable of being homenable = Sp. abominable = Pg. obominavel That how t' acquit themselves unto the Lord
abolished or annulled, as a law, rite, custom, = It. abominabih; < L. abominabilis, deserving They were in doubt, and flatly set abord.
abhorrence, iahoniimiri, abhor, deprecate as Speyyser, Mother Hub. Tale, 1. 324.
etc. that may be set aside or destroyed.
;

And yet . . . hope is but deferred not abolished, not

;
an ill omen: see abuiniiiate. For the old spell- abordage (a-bor'daj), n. [F., < aborder, board
a{itili.\fiahle. Carlyle, French Rev., I. ii. S. ing abhominabte, see that form.] Deserving or see ofion?!.] 1. The act of boarding a vessel,
abolisher (a-bol'ish-er), n. [< abolish + -e/l.] liable to be abominated; detestable; loath- as in a sea-fight. 2. A collision. See fall
One who or that which abolishes. some odious to the mind offensive to the aboard of. tmder aboard^.
;
;

abolishment (a-borish-ment),". \_<ahoUsh + senses, in colloquial language especially, abominable aborigeri, aborigln (ab-or'i-jen, -jin), n. [Sing.,
often means little more than excessive, extreme, very dis- from L. aborigines.] Same as aborigine.
-mciit. Ct.F.aboUssement.~\ The act of abolish- pi.
agreeable: as, his self-conceit is abominable.
ing or of putting an end to abrogation de- [Rare.]
; ; This infernal pit
struction ; abolition. [Now rare.] Abominable, accursed, the house of woe. aboriginal n. [< L. pi.
(ab-o-rij'i-nal), a. and
He should think the abolishment of Episcopacy among Milton, P. L., X. 404. ?)('(r/(es, inhabitants; specifically, the
the first
us would prove a mighty scandal. The captain was con\icted of the murder of a cabin-boy, primeval Romans see aborigines. C'f. original,
:

Swift, Sent, of a Ch, of Eng. Man. after a long course of uhomimthle ill-treatment, and L. aborigineus, aboriginal.] I. a. 1. Exist-
//. ^- u.i-enham. Short Studies, p. 54.
abolition (ab-6-lish'on), n. [< F. abolition, ing from the origin or beginning hence, first ;
= Syn. Execrable, Ilio-nlde, etc. (see nefarious), detest- original primitive as, aboriginal people are
< L. abolitio{}i-), < abolere, annul, abolish see able, loathsome, hateful, shocking, horrid, revolting, in-
: ;
:

aboli.'sh.'] 1. The act of abolishing, or the state tolerable. See list under detestable. the first inhabitants of a country known to
of being abolished annulment abrogation abominableness (a-bom'i-na-bl-nes), . The
; ;
;
history.
utter destruction as, the abolition of laws, It was soon made manifest that a people inferior
(juality or state of being abominable, detest-
. . .
:

to none existing in the world had been formed by the

decrees, ordinances, rites, customs, debts, etc. able, or odious. mixture of three branches of the great Teutonic family
the abolitio7l of slavery. The most frequent use of abominably (a-bom'i-na-bli), adc. In an abomi- with each other, and mth the aboriginal Britons.
the word in recent times has been in connection with the Macaulay.
effort to put an end to the system of slavery, which was
nable manner or degree;' execrably; detestably
finallyaccomplished in the United States in 1865 by the sinfully. Sometimes eiiuivalent in colloquial speech to 2. Pertaining to aborigines; hence, primitive
thirteenth amendment to the Constitution. excessively or disagreeably as, he is abominably vain.
: simple unsophisticated
; as, aboriginal cus- :

For the an)algamation of races, and for thv- abolition of abominate (a-bom'i-nat), r. t. ; pret. and pp. toms; aboriginal aT^sAhy.
villenage, she [Britain] is chiefly indebted to the influence abominated, ppr. abominating. [< L. abomina- There are doubtless many aborigiyml minds by which no
which the priesthood in the middle ages exercised over tiis, pp. of abominari, abhor, deprecate as an other conclusion is conceivable.
the laity. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., i.
ill omen, from, + omindri, regard as an
< ab,
H. Speneer, Frin. of Psychol.

2t. In law : (o) Permission to desist from omen, forebode, < omen (omin-), an omen: see 3. In geol. and bot., native indigenous ; au- ;

further prosecution. (6) Remission of pun- omen.'] To hate extremely abhor detest. ; ; tochthonous. - Syn. Jyidigenous, etc. See original.
ishment ; condonation, [in the ciWl, French, and You will aboyytinate the use of all unfjiir .arts. See also jiririmry.
German law, afxilition is used nearly synonymously with C. Mather. Essays to Do Good. II. n. 1. An original inhabitant one of the ;
pardon, rei,ti.s.-;liui, grace. G-race is the generic term;
pardon, by thusc laws, is the clemency extended by tlie
= Syn. .1 bhor, Detest, etc. See hate. people living in a country at the period of the
prince to a participant in crime who is not a principal or abominate (a-bom'i-nat), a. [< L. abominatus, earliest historical knowledge of it an autoch- ;

accomplice remi.t.non is granted in cases of involuntary

;

homicide and self-defense. Abolition is used when the

pp. :see above.] Detested held in abomi- ; thon.
2. A species of animals or plants which
crime cannot be remitted. The prince by letters of aboli- nation. originated within a given area.
tion may remit the punishment, but the infamy reniiiins abomination (a-bom-i-na'shon), n. [< ME. It may well be doubted whether this frog is an aborigi-
unless letters of abolition have been obtained before seu- abominacion, abhominacioun, abhominacyon, < nal of these islands. Darwin, Voyage of Beagle, xviL
 :; !

aboriginality 16 about
aboriginality (ab-o-rij-i-narj-ti), n. The thing which fails in progress before it is abortus (a-b6r'tus), n, pi. abortus. [L., an
its ;

qnalitv or state of biing aboriginal. A''. E. B. matured or perfected, as a design or project. abortion see abort, ji.] In mcil., the fruit of :

4. In bot. and :ool., the arrested development an abortion a child born before the proper
aboriginally (ab-o-rij'i-iial-i), aih. In an ab- ;

original maimer; origiually; from the very of an organ at a more or less early stage. time an abortion. ;

first. In the complete abortion of the rostellum lot Ccphalan- Abothrophera (a-both-rofe-rii), n. pi. [NL.,
which have thera ijrandijiora] we h.ive evidence of degradaliou. prop. *abotliropliora, < Gr. u- priv. + jiodpoCj a
There are hardlj any domestic races
not beeu ranked ... as the descendants of aborirfinatly
. . .
Darwin, Kertil. of Orcllids by Insects, p. SO. pit, + -Oi'ipoc, < ipipeiv E. fttui-l.] A group of =
distiULt siKjL-ies. Danrin, Origijl of Species, p. 10. He [5Ir. Bates) claims for that family [the irdioonidw] old-world solenoglyph venomous serpents, cor-
the highest position, cliiefly because of the imperfect responding to the family lipcrida:. So called be-
aboriginary (ab-o-rij'i-na-ri), . An aborigi- structure of the fore legs, which is there carried to an ex-
cause of tile ntisence of a pit between the eyes and nose,
nal iuhtibitant. -V. . D. treme degree of (tbortion.
contrasting in this respect with the Buthropliera.
[L.: from; ori- A. S. Wallace, Nat. Selec., p. 133.
ab origine (ab 6-rij'i-ne). aft,
abougbtt, pret. of aby. [See uhy.J Endured;
ginc, abl. of oriijo, origin.] From
the origin, abortional (.o-bor'shon-al), a. Of the nature of
atoned for paid dearly for.
beginning, or start. an abortion characterized by failure. ;
The vengeans of thilke yre
;

aborigine (ab-6-rij'i-ue). n. [Sing, from L. pi. The treaty proved abortional. and never came to '
. .
That vVtheon abomrhte trewely.
.

were an E. word.] fuUiliiRiit, CaW//t% Frederick the Great, VI. XV. 22.
aboriijiiies, as if the latter Cliauccr, Knight's Title, 1. 1445.
One of the aborigines (which see) an aborigi- abortionist (a-bor'shon-ist), n. [< abortion
;
aboulia, aboulomania, . Same as abulia, +
nal. Also called ahoriiien, aborigin. -if.] One who produces or aims to produce abound (a-ljouud'), r. i. [< ME. abounden,
aborigines (ab-o-rij'i-nez), Ji. pi. [L., pi., the a criminal abortion especially, one who makes abunden, sometimes spelled habunden, <OF. ;

Jirst inhabitants, applied especially to the ab- a practice of so doing. abouder, habonder, F. fiof?er=Sp. Pg. abun-
original inhabitants of Latium, the ancestors He [Dr. Robl)) urged the necessity of physicians using dar lt. abbondarc, < L. abundarc, overflow, =
of the Roman people, < aft, from,+ oriyo (ori- ail their inlluence to discountenance the work of abor-
^''- y. iled. Jour., XL. 580.
< ab, from, away, + undarc, rise in waves, over-
. gin-), origin, beginning.] 1. The primitive tioiufti.
flow, < uuila, a wave: see undulate, Cf. redound,
inhabitants of a country; the people lining abortive (a-b6r'tiv), a. and ;;, [< L, abortirus, surround.'] 1. To be in great plenty be very ;

in a country at the earliest period of which born preni'aturely, causing abortion, < abortus, prevalent.
anything is known. 2. The original fauna pp. of aboriri, miscarry see abort, r.] I, a. 1, :
^\^\ere sin abounded, grace did much more abound.
anil flora of a given geographical area. Brought forth in an imperfect condition im- Rom. v. 20. ;

aborsementt la-bors'meut), n. [< L. ahorsus, perfectly formed or inadequately developed, as In every political party, in the Cabinet itself, duplicity
brought forth prematurely (collateral form of an animal or vegetable production rudimen- and perfidy abounded. Macaulaij, Hailam's t'onst. Hist. ;

abortus : see abort, v.), -ment.l +

Abortion. tary. 2. Suppressed; ke)jt imperfect; re- 2. To be unstinted in possession or stipply (of
Bp. Ball. maining rudimentary, or not advancing to per- anything) be copiously provided or furnished ;

aborsivet (a-b6r'siv), a. [< L. aborsus, collat- fection in form or function a frequent use of (with anything), (a) To be rich or affluent (in), as :

eral form of abortiix (see abort, r.), + E. -I'rc.] the term in zoology. Compare ecstigial. that which is a special property or characteristic, or con-
Abortive premature. Fuller.
; The toes [of srals) are completely united by strong webs, stitutes an individual distinction as, he abounds in :

wealth or in charity.
abort fa-bort';, r. i. [< L. ahortare, miscarry, and the straight nails are sometimes reduced in number,
Huxleij, Anat. Vert., p. 359.
or even altogether abortive. Nature abounds in ^vits of every kind.
< abortitg, pp. of aboriri, miscarry, fail, < ab,
The power of voluntarily uncovering the canine Itooth) And for eacli author can a talent find.
from, away, + oriri, arise, gi-ow.] 1. To mis- Dnjden, Art of Poetry, i. 13.
on one side of the f.ace being thus often wholly lost, indi-
carry in giving birth.
2. To become aliorted cates that it is a rarely used and almost afmrtirc action. (i) To teem or be replete (with), as that wbicli is furnished
or abortive appear or remain in a rudimen-
; Darwin, Express, of Emot., p. 253. or supplied, or is an intrinsic characteristic as, the coim- :

tary or undeveloped state : as, organs liable to Hence 3, Xot brought to completion or to a try aboututs jvith wealth, or with line scenery.
abort. _ successful issue; failing: miscarrying; com-
The faithful man shall abound with blessings.
Prov. xxviii. 20.
In the pelade Pn^irlioe, the foot aborU, as well as the ing to nought as, an abortire scheme. :

mantle, and the body has the fomi of an elongated sac.
Iluxtei/, Anat. Invert., p. 433.
The temperature now falls, and the ilisease [smallpox]
in .^omc cases will abort at this sta^e [at the end uf forty-
eifht hours). Qiiain, Med. Diet, p. 1442.
abortt (a-bort'), H. [< L. abortus, an abor-
tion, miscarriage, < abortus, pp. of aboriri
To abound in or with one's own senset, to be at
Abortive as the first-born bloom of spring, liberty to hold or follow one's own opinion or judgment.
Nipp'd with the lagging rear of winter's frost.
I meddle not with Mr. Ross, but leave him tt> nbimnd
Jfi7/on, S. A., 1. 1570.
in his own seme. Branthall, ii. i>32.
He made a salutation, or, to speak nearer the truth, an Moreover, as every one is said to abound with his owr^
ill-defined, abortive attempt at courtesy.
gense, and that among the race of man-kind, Opinions
Hawthorne, Seven Gables, vii.
and Fancies are found to be as various as the scvcrall
4. Inftof., defective barren. A. Gray. 5, Pro- Fares and Voyces so in each individual man there is a
; ;

see abort, .] An abortion. liurton. ducing nothing; chaotic; ineffectual. diUV-ring facultie of Oliservation. of .Indgement. of Appli-
1. Brought forth cation. Howell, Forreiue Travell, i.
aborted (a-b6r'ted), p. a. The void profound
before time.
its
2. Imperfectly developed; Of unessential Night n-Leives bim next.
Wide-gaping ami with utter loss of being
aboundancet (a-ljoun'daus), . An old form of
incapable of discharging its functions ; not ;
iihinidiniiT. Time's iStoreliousc, ii.
Threatens liim, plunged in that abortive gulf. [Verbal n. of
having acquired its functions. .Milton, V. L., ii. 43S,
abounding (a-boun'ding), JI.

AlIhoui;h the eyes of the C'irripeds are more or less ahonnd.] The state of being abundant abun- ;

abiirtfA in their mature state, they retain snfllcient sus-

6. In mcd., producing or intended to produce dance increase. Soiilli, Sermons, II. 220.
;

ceptibility of light to excite retraction of the cirri. abortion abortifacient : as, abortive drugs.
Comp. Anat., xiii.
;
abounding (a-boun'ding), p. a. Overflowing;
Given, 7, Deformed ; monstrous, [Rare.] plrutiful abundant: as, ft()HfW.(/ wealth.
;

aborticide (a-lior'ti-sid), n. [< L. abortus (see Tliou elWsh-mark'd, abortive, rooting hog I
about (a-bouf), </(. i\m\ prt p. [<ME. (tbout,
ahiiii, II.) + -ciiliiiin (as in liomicidium, homi- Thou that wast seal'd in tliy nativity
(r^i)H(f, earlier (diouten, abule, abute>i,< AB. dhii-
ciib 1), < mill rr, kill.] In obsttl., the destruc- The .slave of nature and tlie son of hell
Sliak., Itich. III., i. 3. f((H (= OFries. dhiila), about, around, < a- for
tion of a f'tiis in the uterus; feticide. on (the AS. form onbfitan also occurs, with
Abortive vellum, vellum made from the skin of a still-
abortient a-bor'shient ), rt. [< IjL. abortifn(t-)s,
i
liorn ealf. an equiv. ymbiiian, round abotitj < ymbe, yinb,
ppr. of iibiirtirc, miscarry, eqiiiv. to iibortare: around, about, =
(h: au<lii : sec am- =
II, . [<L, nfto)'/ji!H;M, an abortion, abortive G. uni
hci' iiliiirtj r.] In liol., sterile barren. ;
meiliciiie ; nout. of (/ftorf("i'.s, a, : see the adj.] jilii-) +
butan, outside, < be, liy, iitan, out- +
abortifacient (a-b6r-ti-fa'shient), a. and ?i. 1. That which is jiroduced prematurely; an side, fi'om without, < /, prep, and adv., out:
[< 1... iihiirliiH (m-c abort, n.) -^ faeien{t-)s, ppr.
abortion a monstrous
;
birth. see OH, %, ftf-'-, .'"111 ""'] I. '"''' 1. Around;
ot fiii-irr, niake.l I. a. Prodiicing abortion: in circuit ; circularly ; round and round on
Abortives, presages, and tongues of heaven. ;

Haid of dnit,'s a?id operative procedures. Sltak.,K. John, iii. 4. every side ; in ov(>i'y direction ; all around.
II. " ' " liatover is or maybe used
2. A drug causing abortion; an abortifacient.
'

Trithee, do not turn nic about ; my stomach is not con-

to 'II,
abortivet (ii-bor'liv), r. I, trans. To cause to Shak.. T'empest,
I

stant. ii. 2.
I keeplni? of ahorti/acie}>t>
'

by drug- Algiers measures barely one league atioiit.

fail or inisirarry. , . .

ftitl^, di Atiiic ttiutui<. to the contrary'. ./. Morgan, Hist. Algicra,

iV. 1'. liulejiendenl, July 24, 1873. He wronglit to abortive the bill before it came to the
birth. Up. llacket,,Wip. Williams, i. 148. 2. Circuitously ; in a roundabout coui-se.
abortion ' ' hon), n. [<L. abortio(n-), Ood led the people about through the way of the wilder-
iniwiiri tiri, miscarry: sic abort, II. /H^raH.9, Tofnil; perish; como to nought. ne.18. Ex. xiii. 18.
r,] 1. ; the expulsion of th< fetus Thus one of your bold thunders may abortiiv. To wheel three or four miles about. Shak., Oor., L 6.
before it ix viatde
Ihftt is, in women, be-
And cause that birth miscarry.
Tiiiiikin (?), Albuniazar. i. :i. 3. Hither aiul thither; to and fro; up and
frtfp tibmit tfi>- "jxili w<-i'k of gesfntioii. lAiml. When peace camo so innr to the lilrth, how it aliorlimi, down liero and there.
;

ami by whose fault, come now to Ik- remembered. lie that goeth abmit as a talc-hearer. I'mv. xx. 10.
Jip. lladcrl, Ab|i. Willlnnis, II. 147.
Wandering about frmn house to house. 1 Tim, v. 1.1.
abortively In an abortive
(a-bftr'tiv-Ii), mlr. We
followed the gnliie atumt among the tombs for a
'I Hill iinoly manner ])reiiial iirely imperfect- ; ; while. C. I). )Yarn*'r, Koundiiliout .loiirney, xll.
ly inulluctually ; as an abortion.
; 4. Near in time, ntiinber, quanlily, quality, or
poor man mtist die.
If abortiirhi degree; nearly; ajiproximali'ly alnioNt. ;

Nor reach what reach he ndght, why die In driad 7

yiituiii, Night Thoughls, vll.
He Went out about the third hour. .Mat. xx. 3.

'ITic enterprise In Ireland, as elsewhere, terniliuited nlior.

Light travels almut 180,000 miles n second.
lirrtu, I'muile, Uinl. ling., IV. IH. J. N. hirkiier, Elem. Astron.
The (Imt two are abmit the nicest girls In all London.
(it-bftr'liv-nes), , The quality
abortivoness Iliiwlrii ,Sinait, Social Slniu'rH, I. 182.
being, or nf toinliiiK to become,
or sliilo i>r
(In rontraelmnade on the New York Slock Exchange, Iho
abortive; a failure to iiach perfection or ma- lirin iihoiil means "not more Minn three da.rs" when
ft
II.
turity want rif HiieecHK or iii'compliHlimenl.
; iippMcd to lime, and "not more tbiin in per cent." wlien

/.-(>. i;ui'.K .Mmi,.u. II. :i. abortmentt Oi-bArt'mcnl), . l<.

abort, r.. + iiicd ith reference to a miinbcr of shares.)

iiirni, K. arnrlcmrnt, Hp. aliorlaniimlii, I'g. T). In readinesH; intending; going: after the
3. Thn r-rolnnt "f iii.ili..lv birlli; Ikmico, n
aliortaini nlii.\ An iinliinily birth; an abortion. vorl) to be.
mi ' '.. Any fruit
11 nrlh, III bone womb IIimhi- ih Kcrtod mineral rlclicn The bouse which I am iiboul to build. 2 f'bron. II. .
or inniiirity
hci.
.

onsi', any-
iimat ever llu buried * lout uti'oimenlM. As the ahipmcn were about to lieu out of the ship.
Bacon, I'hya, olid Hod. lUimaliia. Acts xxvll. SOl
 ; : ; ;

about 17 Abraham-man
16. At work begiu in earnest ; astir; : used with Above is often used elliptically as a noun, meaning : (1) listic word used in incantations. writ- When
Heaven: as, "Every good gift ... is from above,' Jas.
the force of an imperative. ten in a manner similar to that shewn in the
i. 17. (^) Preceding statement, remarks, or the like as, :

Aliuut, ray brain Shale, Hamlet, ii. 2. from the above you will learn my object. It h.'is the force aceomjianying diagram, so as to V:ie read in dif-

AURACADABRA
!

of an adjective in such phrases a.s tile abtwe partieul.ars, in

To be about,
III .111. 's
to be astir
usual iluties. To
about a reuoiu-iliati.jn. To come about, tn
; lie on
bring about, t"
tlic ninvf ;

("luse
l)i' :il

.'.r
tiiiilini'
1 11. .1 wliieh cited or vientioncd is understood.
prep. 1. In or to a higher place than. ABRACADABR
ABRACADAB
as, lo hriivi
cumc to pass luippen, To go about, (n) i,iti,ially, t.i
taki! a .circuit.iiis niuti'
;

liencu, tu devise rounilabout or

secret nietlio.ls of aiTomplisliing anytliiug contrive pre-
;

2.
II.
And fowl that

Superior to in any respect: often in the

may fly above the earth. Gen. i. 20. ABRACADA A B R A C A D
pare seeic tlie means.
; ;
A B R A C A
Wliy
If
;

ye about to liill me ?
ffo Jolni vii. 19.
look into the eyes of the youngest person, wo
wo
sense of too high for, as too high in dignity or
fancied importance too elevated in charac-
ter as, this man is above his business, above
:
;
A
AURA
R
H
A
R
B
A C

sometimes ilLseover tliat here is one who knows already mean A B

actions. A
what you would 1/0 about with much pains to teacli hira.
Emermn, Old Age. Doubtless, in man there is a nature fotmd,
<6) A'iiii(. , to take a different direction, .as a vessel in taek-
Ecsidc the senses; and above them far. and worn as an amulet,
f erent directions, it was
Sir J. Davies, Immortal, of Soul, ii. supposed to cure certain ailments.
iuy. Much about, very nearly: as, his health is jnucA
about tlie same as yesterday. Put about, annoyed; Seneca wrote largely on natural philosophy . solely . .

was niueh put about by the

provoked because it tended to raise the mind above low cares. Mr. Banester saith that he healed 200 in one year of an
disturbed : as, lu;
:

orders to a crew Macaulay, Lord Byron. ague by hanging abracadabra about their necks, and
news. Ready about ! About ship !
would stanch blooil, or heal the toothivke, .although the
to prepare tor tacking. Rlgbt about! Left about!
(tuilll.), commands to face or turn round half a eirele, by
3. More in quantity or number than : as, the partyes were 10 myle of. MS. in Brit. Museum.
the or left, as the ease may be, so as to face in the
ri;;ht
direction. Turn about, week about, etc., in
weight is above a ton. Hence 2. Any word-charm or empty jingle
ojipositi- He was seen of above live hundred brethren at once. of words.
rotation or succession ; alternately; on each alternate oc- 1 Cor. XV. 6.
casion, week, etc. abracalam (a-brak'a-lam), n. [Cf. abraca-
A woman or two, and three or four undertaker's men,
4. More in degree than ; in a greater degree dabra.] A cabalistic word used as a charm
. . . had charge of the remains, which they watched turn than beyond in excess
; ; of. among the Jews.
Thackeray. Thou [NL., < Gr. a- priv.
/idoiif. [the serpent] art cursed above all cattle. abracbia (a-bra'ki-a), n.
Gen. iii. 14.
L. brachium, arm.] In zool., absence of
II. prep. outside or outer surface 1. On the -t-

God will not suffer you to be tempted above that anterior limbs.
of surrounding,; around ; all around.
;
. . .

1 Cor. 13.
ye are able, .\.
abracbius (a-bra'ki-us), . pi. abrachii (-1).
Bind them about thy neck. Prov. iii. 3. ;
Above the boimds of reason. Shak., T. G. of V., ii. 7.
[NL. seo abrachia.] In teratol., a monster
About her commeth all the world to begge. :

Sir T. More, To them that trust in Fortune. I heard a knocking for above an hour. in which the anterior limbs are absent, while
Swift, Gull. Trav., 1.
Like one who ^vi-aps the drapery of his couch
i.
the posterior are well developed.
About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. Above all, above or before everything else ; before every abradant (ab-ra'dant), a. and n. [< OF. abra-
Bryant, Thanatopsis. other consiileration in preference to all other things.
;
dant, serving to scrape, scraping, < L. abra-
Above the rest, especially particularly: as, one night ;

den(t-)s, ppr. of idiradere, scrape off see abrade.']

2. Near to in place close to at as, about ; ; : above the rest. Above the world, (a) Above considering :

the door. See the adv., 4. 3. Over or upon what people say. (b) Holding a secure position in life
having one's fortune made.
I. a. Abrading having the property or quality
;

different parts here and there backward and ; ;

of scraping.
forward in various directions. ;
Witli such an income as that he should be above the II. n. A
material used for grinding, such as
world, as the saying is. A. Trollojie. emery, sand, powdered glass, etc.
\\liere lies thy pain ? All about the breast?
Shak., L. L. L., iv. 3. = Syn. Over, Above. See over. abrade (ab-rad'), r. t. pret. and pp. abraded, ;

aboveboard (a-buv'bord), prep. phr. as adv. or ppr. abradiufj. [< L. uhradere, scrape or rub
4. Near or on one's person with; at hand.
You have not the "Book
;

of Riddles" about you, have

a. \i above + board. "A figurative expression, off, < ah, off,'-t- radere, scrape see rase.] To :

you? Shak., M. W. of W., i. 1. borrowed from gamesters, who, when they put rub or wear away ; rub or scrape off detach ;

their hands under the table, are changing their particles from the surface of by friction: as,
5. In relation to; respecting; in regard to; on cards." Johnson.] Inopensight; withonttrieks glaciers abrade the rocks over which they pass
account of. or disguise as, an honest man deals above-
:
to abrade the prominences of a surface.
He is very courageous mad about his throwing into the board; his actions are open and aboveboard.
water. Shak., M. W. of W., iv. 1. Dusty red walls and abraded towers.
Lovers in this age have too much honour to do anytliing Lathrop, Spanish Vistas, p. 132.
not aboiU what is there, but about what
The question is underhand they do all aboveboard. ;

I see. tr. K. Clifford, Lectures, I. 25G. Vanbrugh, Relapse, ii. 1. A termination the abraded relic of an originally dis-
is
tinct qualifying word. J. Fiske, Cos. Phil., 1. 66.
It is not enough to be industrious so are the ants. adv. or
What are you industrious about ? Thoreau, Letters, p. 161.
;
above-deck (a-buv'dek), prep. phr. as = Syn. Scratch, Chafe, etc. See scrape, v. t.
a. 1. Upon deck : as, the ofioec-fZcc/i: cargo.
See Abram.
'6. Concerned in ; engaged in : as, what is he 2. Figuratively, without artifice; aboveboard:
Abrahamt, a-
Abrahamic (a-bra-ham'ik),a. [iu. Abraham,
about f as, his dealing's are all above-deck. [Colloq.]
<Gr. 'kjipaau, repr. Heb. 'Abrdhdm, father of a
must be about my Father's business.
I Luke ii. 49. above-ground (a-buv'ground), prep. phr. as
multitude, iarig. 'Abrdm, lit. father of height.]
To go or set about, to become occupied with engage adv. or a. Alive not birried.
Of or i^ertaiuing to the patriarch Abraham.
: ;

in undertake begin as, ffo about your business he set ; ;

: ;
I'll have 'em, .an they be above-ground.
about the pel'forraance of his task. Abrahamidae (a-bra-ham'i-de), n. pi. [NL., Beau, and Ft., The Chances.
about-sledge (a-bout'slej),. [<about (in refer- ab OVO (ab 6'vo). i Abraham + -idte.] The descendants of Abra-
[L., from the egg: ab,
ence to its being swung around) + slethje^.'] from; ovo, abl. of ovum, egg, ovum: see ovum.'] ham the Hebrews. ;

The largest hammer used by blacksmiths. It Literally, fi'om the egg hence, from the very This [Biblical] revelation of origins was a whole
;
. . .

system of religion, pure and elevating, placing the

is grasped at the end of the handle with both beginning, generally with allusion to the Roman Abrahamida, who for ages seem alone to have held to it,
. . .

hands and swung at arm's length. custom of beginning a meal with eggs. In this on a plane of spiritual vantage immeasurably above that
above (a-buv'), adc and prep. [< ME. ahove, case it is the first part of the phrase * oi" usiiucadmala, of other nations. Dawson, Orig, of World, p. 71.
ahovcn,"ahuve, abuven, abufen (> E. dial, and Sc. from the egg to the apples, that is, from beginning to end ;

began the Abrahamite (a'bra-ham-it or a'bram-it), n.

aboon, abune, q. v.), < AS. dbufan, above, < a- but sometimes the allusion is to the poet who
history of the Trojan war with the story of the egg from [<ML. J6ra7mBJto,pl.;' as Abraham + -ite^.]
=
for on +
bufan (full form beufan OS. biobhan
which Helen was fabled to have been born. 1. ne of a Christian sect named from its
= D. boi-crl), above, < be-, by, -f- nfan, from
By way of tracing the whole theme [the Homeric con- founder, Abraham of Antioch (ninth century),
above, above, OS. obhana, from above, obhan, =
troversy] ab ovo, suppose we begin by stating the ehrono- and charged with Paulician (Gnostic) errors.
above, =
OHG. opana, obana, MHG. G. oben, logical bearings of the principal objects connected
Deists in Bohemia, who
De Quincey, Homer, i. 2. One of a sect of
. . .

= Icel. ofan ; all from a base appearing in with the Iliad.

came into prominence about 1782, and were
Goth, nf, prep., under, OHG. opa, aba, MHG.
banished to Hungary by the Emperor Joseph H.
o6e, ob, adv. and prep., over, Icel. of, prep.,
for nonconformity. They seem to have professed
over, for. A
different form of the same base the religion of .\liraham before his circumcision, to have
appears in tip, q. v. See also over.'] I. adv. believed in God, the immortality of the soul, and a future
1. In or to a higher place; overhead; often, state of rewards and punishments, but to have rejected
in a special sense () In or to the celestial :
baptism and the doctrine of the Trinity, and to have ac-
knowledged no scripture but the decalogue and the Lord's
regions in heaven. ;
prayer.
Your praise the birds shall chant in every grove. Abrahamltical (a'bra-ham-it'i-kal or a-bram-
And winds shall waft it to the powers above.
it'i-kal), a.Relating to Abraham or to the
Pope, Summer, 1. 80,
(!)) Upstairs. Abratiamites.
My maid's aunt has a gown above.
Abraham-man (a'bra-ham- or a'bram-man),
1. Originally, a mendicant lunatic from
. . .

Shak., M. W. of W., iv. 1. n.

On
the upper side (opposed to beneath);
Bethlehem Hospital, London. The wards in the
2. ancient Bedlam (Bethlehem) bore distinctive names, as of
toward the top (opposed to below) as, leaves :
some saint or patriarch. That nanie.l .after .\l)raham
green abore, glaucous beneath ; stems smooth Bark with Yards Abox. was devoted to a class of lunatics wh.> on certain days
above, hairy below. 3. Higher in rank or were permitted to go out begging. They bore a badge,
power: as, the courts above. 4. Before in abOX (a-boks'), prep. phr. as adv. or a. [< 3,
and were known as Abraham-men. llany, however, as-
sumed the badge without right, and begged, feigning
rank or order, especially in a book or writing :
prep., box"^.] +
Naut., in or into the position lunacy. Hence the more received meaning came to be

as, from what has been said above. 5. Be- of the yards of a vessel when the head-sails are 2. An
impostor who wandered about the
sides in the expression over and above.
:
laid aback: applied to the head-yards only, the country seeking alms, under pretense of lu-
And stand indebted, over and above. other sails being kept full. nacy. Hence the phrase to shaui Abraham, to feign
In love and service to you evermore,
Shak., M. of V., iv. abp. A contraction of arclibishop. sickness.
1.
abracadabra (ab"ra-ka-dab'ra), n. [X. occur- ;
Matthew, sceptic and scoffer, ha.l failed to subscribe a
IShakspere has itiore above in tire same sense. prompt belief in that pain about the heart he had nuit-
ring first in a poem (Prn-cepta de Medieina) by
;

This, in obedience, hath daughter my showed me teredsome words in which the phrase, "shamming Abra-
And 7nore above, h.ath his solicitinga . . .
Q. Serciuis Sammonicus, in the second cen- ham," had been very distinctly audible.
All given to mine ear. Hamlet, iL 2.] tury; mere jargon. Ci. abracalam,] 1. Acaba^ Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, xxxin.

2
 ; :

Abraham' s-balm 18 abridger

(a'bra-hamz- or a'bramz- It is one of the most curious phenomena of language, abreast (a.-\ne%t'),x>rcp.i)hr. as adv. or a. [<a*,
Abraham'S-balmt that words are .as subject as coin to defacement and ou.' +
irra.sf.] 1. Sideby side.withbreasts
biim), )i. An old name of an Italian willow
tf P. Jfara'A, Lect. on Eng.
v.i^..au=, Lung.,
.. Int.,,* .... -* * r.
supposed to be a charm for the preservation of
aora^wn.
nbra^iun t, p. 10.
-< m
*. ^ ,. , .

a line : as, " the riders rode (lirfH.sf, /'r^rfc'H.

i j ,
'

2. result of rubbing or abrading; an

The It (the wall of Chester] has everywhen-. however.
chastitT. See agnus ca-'-ttis, uniUn- o;/Hits. abraded spot or place : applied c-iiefly to a rugged outer parapet an<l a broad hollow llagguig, wide
Abraham's-eyet (a'bra-hamz- or a'bramz-i), n. fretting or excoriation of the skin by which the enough for two strollers abreast.
A ma^oal charm supposed to have power to underlving tissues are exposed. 3. InpatlwK, H. James, Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 9.
deprive of eyesight a thief who refused to con-
a superficial excoriation of the mucous mem- 2. Xaut. (rt)Lyiiigormovingside byside, with
:

fess his suilt. , . .J t .

brane of the intestines, accompanied by loss stems equally advanced, (/j) When used to indi-
abraidt U-hrad'), c- abrmden, abrei-
den, start up, awake, move, reproach, < AS.
[<1IE-
of substance in the form of small shreds. 4. cate the situation of a vessel in regard to an-
The substance worn away by abrading or at- other object, opposite; over against lying so
dbregdiiH, contr. abredan (a strong verb), move
;

trition. Berkeley. that the object is on a line with the beam in :

quickly: see fcrairf' and iy)6i-aid.] I. trans. To

abrasive (ab-ra'siv), a. and . [< L. as if this sense with of.
rouse ; awake ; upbraid. 'abrasinis, < abrasus, pp. of abradere : see ab- The r.ellona kept too close to the starboard shoal,
. . .

How now, base brat wliat are thy wits thine own, ! !
rade.'] I. a. Tending to produce abrasion
and grounded abreast of the outer ship of the enemy.
That thou dar'st thus abraide me in my laud ? having the property of abrading; abradant.
Soulhen, Nelson. II. 121.
Greene, Alphonsits, ii.

ahrasive materials used in the treatment of

3. Figuratively, up to the same pitch or level
To awake; start. The . . .
JJ,.inlrans. metallic surfaces. used with of or iritli : as, to keep abreast <)/"the
And if that he out of his sleepe abraide.
He might doii us bathe a vilanie.
C. P. B. Shelley, Workshop .Appliances, p. 108. times in science, etc. 4t. At the same time ;
Chaucer, Reeve's Tale, I. 270. H. n. Any
material having abrading quali- simultaneously.
ties; an abradant. Abreast therewith began a convocation. Ftdter.
Abramt, Abrahamt, . CoiTupted forms of
The amateur is most strenuously counselled to polish Line abreast, a fttrmation of a squadriui in which the
auburn. the tool upon the oil-stone, or other fine abrasive em- ships are aln eivst of one another.
Abramidina (ab'ra-mi-dl'uii), . pi. [NL., ployed for setting the edge. abredet, jirep. pUr. as adv. Middle English A
< Jbrumi-' (Abr(imi)i-) -inn.'] In Giinther's + 0. Biiriw, .\rtisan's Handbook, p. 17.
form of aliread. Bom. of the Hose.
classification of fishes, the twelfth subfamily abraum(ab'ram; G.pron. ap'roum),??. [G.;lit., abregget, r. t. A Middle English form of
of Ci/prinid,r, having the anal tin elongate and what has to he cleared away to get at some- aliridi/c. Chaueer.
the abdomen, or part of it, compressed. It in-
cludes the geuus Abramis and similar fresh-
thing valuable beneath; the worthless upper abrenouncet (ab-re-nouns'), ''. ' [< L- "'',
portion of a vein or ore-deposit; the earth from there intensive),
..,.
E. ?<()('(', after ,,
+ .
LL.
watir fishes related to the bream. covering the rock in a quarry < abriiumen, clear ; abrenuntidrc, < L. ab renuntidre, renounce: +
Abramis (ab'ra-mis), wt [Nil., < Gr. ajipaiii^ away, take from the room or place, < ab- (= E. see renounce.] To renounce absolutely.
(fi,ipaaii-), the name of a fish found in the Nile off)', from, + raum, place, E. mom, q. v.] = Under pain of the pope's curse . . . either to a6rcHo?n*c
and the Mediterranean, perha]is the bream, Red ocher, used by cabinet-makers to give a their wives or tlxeir livings.
but not etyra. related to bream.'] genus A red color to new mahogany. Abraum salts [i:. /'ore, Book of Martyrs, Acts and Deeds, fol. 159.

of fishes of the family Cyprinida; typified by ttbraumsalze], a mixture of salts, if potash, soda, niamu sia. (ab-ro-nun-si-a'shon), H.
abrenunciationt
etc., overlying the rock-salt deposit at .siassfurt. rnis.sia.
the common fresh-water bream of Europe, A. and vicinity, the value of whirli was not innnediately rec- [< ML. ubrenuntiatio(n-), <L. abrenuntidre : see
brama. The name lias been adopted with various modi- ognized when these deposits were opened, but which is abrenouncc.] Renunciation; absolute denial.
fications l)y different ichthyologists, being restricted by now the chief source of supply of potassic salts in the world.
Borae to old-world forms closely allied to the bream, and
An ahrenunciation of that truth which he so long had
eitended by otiiers t^) include certain American Itshes
Abraxas (ab- lUiifissed. Hurt a/ Sedition, iii. b.

less nearly related to it, such as the common American rak'sas), " abreptiont (ab-rep'shon), )!. [< L. as if *ab-
shiner, el'r. G. Ctivier, 1S17. See breauil. [See def, rej)li(Hn-), iabripere, pp. abreptus, snatch away,
Abranchia (a-brang'ki-a), . pi. [XL., neut. and ef. abra- <.ab, away, + rapere, seize: see rapt and rur-
pi. of (ibraiichius see abranchious.} name : A eadabra.] 1. ish.] The state of being carried away or forci-
given to several differeut groups of animals bly separated; separation.
which have no gills: (a) To a group of vertehmtes, jy ^^^^f '^^^ Gnostic amu- abreuvoir (a-bre-vwor'), n. [F., a drinking-
comprising mammals, binls, and reptiles (or Mammalia let consisting
and Sauroi^iida), whose young never possess pills. The Abraxas, collection of the British Museum. place, horse-trough, < abreurcr, give to drink,
croup is thus contrasted with Batrachia and Piseet! col- of an engraved earlier abrcrer, iOV. abevrcr S\i. abrerar = =
lectively. In this sense the term has no exact classiHca- gem, often bearing a mystical figure (which It. abbererare, < ML. ahererare, orig. "odiiibe-
tory signiftcation. (6) To a group of gastropodous niol- generally combines human and brute forms) rare, < ad, to, -f *bibcrare, < Ij. hihere, drink :
variously rated by naturalists as a suborder, an or-
luflks,
der, or a sulK:lass ; the Aimeu-nta or Dermatojmoa of some,
and an unintelligible legend, but sometimes see bib^ and beeeratfe.] 1. watering-jilaco A
related to the \wlibraii.'hiata, having ii<< Iiranchiic, the up- inscribed with tlie word Abraxas, either alone for animals; a horse-trough. 2. In niasonry,
per surface of the body ciliated, and no shell oxccpt when in or accompanying a figure or a word connected a joint or interstice between stones, to be filled
the lar\'al state. This grrjup includes the families Lima- with Hebrew or Egyptian
pontidte, rhijUirhoidif, and Elt/^iidte. (c) To an order of
up with mortar or cement. Gtcilt.
religion, as lao, Sahaoth, Also spelleil abbreiiroir.
Anii^lUta, the OluiwluHa, which are without branchi.-c,
and respire by Ihe surface of the body. There are several Osiris.
mystical 2. A abricockt, abricott, " Same as apricot.
families, amung them the Lnmhrieidae, to which the com- word used by the Gnostic |rncei-tain: iierhaps due
abrid (.i'liriih, n.
mon earthwiirm They are mostly hermaphrodite,
belongs.
followers of Basilides to
and undergo no metamorphosis. They have no feet, but to Sp. "ahrido, for irreg. aliierlo, pp. of nbrir,
the iKidy is provided with bristles (setfe). The mouth is denote the Supreme Being, open, unlock, < L. aperire, open.] A bushing-
as in the related cu-der Hint-
ruditu'.-ntjiry. U')t suctorial, or, perhaps, its 36") emana- lilato around a hole in which a pintle moves.
din.''t The sjtecies are mostly land or fresh-
(l._'eeheH). tions collectively, or the /;. //. liniiiht.
water worms, (d) In C'uvier's system of cla-ssifk-ation, to
305 orders of spirits oc- abridge pret. and pp. abridged,
(a-brij'), r. t.;
Ihe tbird fTnilv of the order AnneUde.t, containing the
earf ami the leeches; thus
'nchi'i nftifjera) cupying the 365 heavens. ]ipr. (ihritii/inii. [< ME.
abregen, ahreggen, abrig-
pp resp'uiding to the two modern ordei-s Later it was commonly applied to ijin, etc., < OK. ahrigier, (diridgiir. abbregier,
OU'i Ini'liiiea. It included, however, some any symbolical represent ution of
htt the gtirdians.
iLS Sometimes Gnostic ideas. It is saiti to have abrerier=l'r. abrerj(ir,<.ij. abbreriiire, shorten,
cll '^^o
,

Ahranehia;. [If it Is a<lvisablo been coined by Kasilidcs in the Abraxas. ( Both cx.init)lcs .ire < ad, to, +
brevis, short : see ablireria le and lirief. ]
ttm\ .:ioup of animals, it is probably to secoml century, from the siini of of the B.^bilidian tyjic. i

1. To make shorter; curtail: as, "abridged

!- I' !

abranchian (a-brang'ki-au),
. I. r .'. ..iiti of the senses above noted.)

. One dt the
the Oreek nmneral letters ex-
pressing tlie number thus a = = 1,3 p = lOO, a=l
:{iil ; : =
;,
cloaks," Scott, Ivanhoe, xiv. 2. To shorten
f = HO, a = 1, ? = 200 total, 365. ;
by condensation or (miission, or both; rewrite
.Ihoinrlnil.
Also written Alira.'ix. or reconstruct, on a smtiller settle; ])ut the
Abranchiata fa-brang-ki-ii'tii), n. pi. [NL.,
3. A genus of li'jiiilopterous insect.i, of the main or essential jitirts of into less space: used
niiit. pi. of iibranchiaUm : Hoe iibrancliiatc] A family (leometridii, containing the largo mag- of writings: as, Justin <thridgrd ihn histiu'y of
ti-rm Hiimi'timcs used as synonymous \Tith Trogus rom]ieius.
Abrtnirliiii,
pie-nK)th, Abraxa.i iir(>.isulariata. The larva> are
very destructive to goiiscbcrry- and currant-bushes in The anthiuities of IMchhorongh and Iteculver, ahrid;n'd
abranchiate fa-brang'ki-fit), a. [< NL. abran- r.niopo, .oiisiiinlng their leaves as soon as theyappiar. from the Latin of Mr. Archdeacon liiittely.
rbiiiluji: Hi'c ahranrhiiiim and -nf<l.] ])cvoid of fidsc jiri'S. form,
(a-bni'), (A
abrayt r. i. .V. niiif v., lith set., .\. 143.
l'pIIh of or pi-rtiiiiiiiig to the Abrnnrhia.
; made from ME. jirct. ohraijdr, (tbraidc, taken 3. To
lessen diminish: as, to n/)n(/;/c labor,
;
abranchioiU (u-brang'ki-us), <|. [< Nli. idirnn- for a weak verb, with prot. ending -de (= E.
ebiuH, < ir. n- |,n V. Haino us + power cfuitroljrd or ahridiied is almost always the rival
,(/>fij fw, gills.]
-ed), whereas the verb is strong, with pret.
I

and niciny of that power by which It is controlled or

abrn,..l. 1 ahrai/de, abraide, properly iibrnid, <ihrriil (< AS. atmd'jed. ,1. ihaiidlmi, l-'cderalist. No. 15.
T >- at/ranrhious AnnclUlcil, or. (lit; dbra'f/d), sitnilar in forin to jires. abrai/de,
Al.: !. 4. de)irive; cut olT: followed hy of and
To ,
abraide, < AS. dbreijde, inf. ubrciidaii: see
Iitgne Anim. (Ir. of iMii), p. ::!. formerly also hy from : as, to altridge one of
.

rt/(rrtiV/.i To awake. rights or enjoyments.

Abrasax'ab'rh iks),n. HnmoiiHAItraraii,l,2. Hut, wheuiLs I (lid out ipf sici p abraji,
I now nmlte moan to be alindq'd
abraMf (nb-m/.' .
'. (.
f< Ij. iihrasus, pp. of I found her not where I left her whylearo. N'ortlo
Sliak., M. of V.,
iif'T'idt n rubfifr Q., IV. I'finn such a noble rate. 1.
. iihrailr.l 8amo an abrailr. , .sv.e/i*er, F. vl. .'m. 1.

-'
abrn -
'
- '

' I ,. pp. hco the abrazite Cab'ra-zit), i.

iibrnnH/i, :
r< Gr. A- priv., not, -I- 5. Til (//(/., to reduce, as a conipound qiumtity
VI of inurkM by rubbing.
I iiiiiijiv, boll, "ferment, -f -i7<-.| A niineriil or equiilioii, to a more Himple form. Syn. 2.
Ilo' xirilr rtrax an fd'rn found at Capo di Hove, near Kome, probably To enl down, prune. See atdireviafe. 4. 'I" disiiossess,
.Ihe.l, hllili, dcs|>oil.
lalo- // ^i<",i, rynthU'a llev. till! Hume HH that iiai
I
/.eagonito and later I

abridgedly (n-brij'ed-li), adv. In a concise or

abraiilon Oib-rA'/li.t It. li Ii. nhriiHtinii- glHinondino (>vhicli Hee).
1, Hliorliiioil form.
< llbrndi ri "i . .
1 Till' net of abrad- abrazltic (ab-ni-zit'ik\ ". Not ofTervi'Hciiig, as Gne who or that
.

abridger (n-brij'i'-r), n.
Jnir; th.. a.e ,,f
nibbim; off 'ir fnviiv in iieiij^ or wlicii heatiol before the blowpipi': wliieii abridges, by curtailing, slun'tcning, or
bvf miid r,f eirtuin minernls. Ifiire.] |

I'ondeiiHing.
li.f abread, abreed (ii-bnd'i, jinp. phr. as ndr.
lr. irllleks have been roprenented as the (treat aUridijert of
So., < .mi;, ahredc, on bmlr, in breadth: n, on,
ihiT
I
Ihe native IllHity of genius. //. Iltair, litres, III. I
prop.; brede, < AS. brudu, breadth, < brad,
nAi'.' AbridfjrrM are klnil of literary iin-n to wl (lie indo- ii i

iiroiid: nee and brrinllh, and cf. abroad. lence of niudern rcailers give|s| ainph- einploviiient. . . .

irii'el'l'r,u: 1 fi4ni'i<' Abroad. Ilurnii. Al80Hpelledu/^ra<(/. [Scotch. /. iritraeti, ciirloK, o( l.lt,, II. (17.
 ;
:;

abridgment 19 abscesslon
abridgment (a-bri,j'ment), . [< late ME. Wc are for the moat part more lonely when we go ojoeroine, F. anronc] Euro])oan species of A
abn/i/riiinil, (.OF. abriijcmint, ahrctjcmcnt : see
abroad among men
than when we stay in our chambers. Artrmi.'iia A
Alirol anum,iTe<\ncni\-ac\x\tvviit\on
, .
Thorcau, Walden, p. 147.
aJn-iilijr iu\i\ -mi-iit.] 1. Tho aetof ahriilging,or
(I>) Beyond the bounds of one's own country in foreign ;
undir till! name of southernwood.
the stiitc of heiiig a bridged; diminution; con- countries as, he lived abroad for many years.
: In the [
Abrothrix (ab'ro-thriks), n. Same as Habro-
traction; reduction; curtailment; restriction: United .States used most commonly with reference to tlirix.

as, an ahridgment ot expenses; "abridgment Em-ope. J abrupt (a-brupf), a. and n. [< L. ahruptus,
of liberty," Locke. At home the soldier learned how to value his rights, steep, disconnected, abrupt, pp. of abrnmpere,
abroad how to defend them. break off, < ab, oil, -t- rumpere, break see rup-
reraons cinplnyud in tin- mechanic arts are those whom :

Macaulay, Hallam"s Const. Hist.

the abridf/iiicnt of commcico would immediately affect. ture.] I. ((. 1. Broken or apjioaring as if bro-
A. UamUton, Works, II. Others, still, are introduced from abroad by fashion, or
l.'j.

are borrowed thence for their usefulness.

ken awiiy or off marked by or showing a sud-
;

It was his sin and folly whicli brought him under tliat den breach or change of continuity wanting
F. Hall. .Mod. Eng., p. 163. ;
abridiJiiwiU. South.
3. Absent; gone away, especially to a consider- continuation or completion: as, the path or the
2. A
condensation, as of a book; a reduction
able distance as, the head of the firm is abroad. discourse came to an abrupt termination an

;
:
within a smaller ''pace a reproduction of any-
thing in reduced or condensed form.
;
4. In an active state; astir; in circulation: abrup ttmm in i\,Toa.i\.. Hence 2. Steep; pre-
cipitous: &s,a,nalir'ux>tc\i{i; an ainyj( descent.
as, there are thieves abroad; rumors of disaster
A genuine abriilijmau: is a reproduction of tile matter The al/rupt mountain breaks.
or substance of a largci- worlc in a condensed form, aud in are abroad.
And seems with its accumulated crags
language wliich is not a mere transcript of tlnit of the Tliere's villainy abroad : this letter will tell you more.
To overhang the world. Shelley, Alastor.
original. Drone, Copyright, p. 158. S/iaA:.,L. L. L., i. 1.
Uere lies David Garrick, describe him who can, To be all abroad, (a) To be wide of the mark, in a 3. Figuratively, sudden ; without notice to pre-
An abridgment of all that was pleasant in man. ligurative sense be far wrong in one's guess or estimate.
; pare the mind for the event ; unceremonious
GoUlsmith, Hetaliatiou. (6) To Ite at a loss be puzzled, perplexed, bewildered,
:
as, an abrupt entrance or address.
3. That which abridges or cuts short. [Rare.] nonplussed; be all or (piite at sea. The schoolmaster Abrupt death
Is abroad, education is diffused among the piopK' often
A
:

Look, where my abridgments come [namely, the players used ironically or punningly, implying tliat the school- period puts, and stops his impious breath.
who cut me short in my speech. Compare, however, mastin- is absent. See schoolmaster. Oldham, Satires on .lesuits.
meaning Sliak., Hamlet, ii. 2.
Same 4. Lacking in continuity; having sudden tran-
4].
Abrocoma (ab-rok'o-ma), n. as Hahro-
4. That which shortens anything, as time, or comii. sitions from one subject to another: as, an
makes it appear short; hence, a pastime. abrocome (ab'ro-kom), n. Same as habroconic. abrupt style.
5. In hot., terminating sud-
[Rare.] abrogable (ab'ro-ga-bl), a. [< L. as if *ab- denly : as, an abrupt jjoint sometimes used in :

what abridgment have you for this evening?

Sjiy, rogiiliili.s, < iibr<ig<ire,' abrogate : see abrogate, r., the sense of truncate : as, an abrupt leaf.
What mask, what music? Shak., M. N. D., v. I. and -/</(.] Capable of being abrogated. Abrupt-pinnate. Sam^^vi^abruptly pinnate. Hee abrupt-
ly. =Syn. 2. Precipitous, perpendicular, sheer, steep. 3.
Also spelled abridgement. abrogate (ab'ro-gat), v. t. ; pret. and pp. .Sudden, unexpected, hasty, hurried, rough, rude, brusk,
= Syn. 2. Abridgment, Conipendium, Epitome, Abstract, abrogated, ppr. abrogating. [< L. abrogatug, blunt, curt, precipitate, short, summary, vehement. 4.
Ccn.<peetus, Synopsis, Sumnmrif, Sgtlabus, Brief, Digest.
An ahridgment is a work shortened by condensation of pp. of abrogare, annul, repeal, < ab, from, -t- Broken, disconnected.
statements, or by omitting the less essential parts. A com- rogare, ask, propose a law: see rogation.'] 1. II. n. [<L. atiruptum, a steep ascent or de-
pendium, or compend, is a concise but comprehensive view To abolish summarily annul by an authorita- ;
scent, jirop. neut. of ahruptus, broken off: see
of a subject ; in general it does not imply, as abridgment tive act repeal. Applied specifically to tlie repeal
;
the adj.] An abrupt place ; a precipice or
does, the existence of a larger or previous work. An of laws, customs, etc., whetlier expressly or by establish- chasm. [Rare and poetical.]
epitome contains only the most important points of a work ing something inconsistent therewith. See abrogation.
or subject, expressed in the smallest compass. An abstract Or spread his aery fUgbt,
is a bare statement or outline of facts, heads, or leading The supremacy of mind abrogated ceremonies. LTpborne with indefatigable wings,
features in a book, lecture, subject, etc. Conspectus and Bancroft, Hist. U. S., II. 346. Over the vast abrupt. Milton, P. L., ii. 409.
synopsis are, literally, condensed views the substance of Since I revoke, annul, and abrogate abruptt (a-brupf), V. t. To break off; inter-
any matter so arranged as to be taken in at a glance All his decrees in all kinds they are void
synopsis implies orderly arrangement under heads and
:

Browning, King and Book,

!

II. 170.
rupt ; disturb.
particulars. A summary is a brief statement of the main Insecurity abrupteth our tranquillities.
2t. To keep clear of ; avoid.
. . .

points in a work or treatise, less methodical than an ab- Sir T. Browne, Christ. Mor., ii. 112.
stract or a .synopsis ; it may be a recapituliition. A sylla- Perge, good master Holofernes, j^erge: so it shall please
(a-brup'ted), p. a. Broken off sud-
bus is commonly a synopsis printed for the convenience you to abrogate scurrility. Shak., L. L. L., iv. 2. abrupted
of those lu-aring lectures but the term is also applied to
;
= Syn. 1. Abolish, Hepeal, Rescind., etc. (see abolish), can- denly; interrupted.
certain papal documents. (See syllabus.) iJru;?' is generally cel, invalidate, dissolve, countermand. abruptedly (a-brup'ted-li), adv. Abruptly.
confined to its technical legal meanings. (See brie.f.) A
digest is a metliodical arrangement of the material of a
abrogate! (ab'ro-gat), a. [< L. abrogatiis, an- abruption (ab-rup'shon), . [ilj. abruptio{n-),
subject, as under heads or titles it may include the
;
nulled, pp. of ?('0(/'c': see abrogate, v.] An- a breaking off, < abrnmpere : see abrupt, a.] A
whole of the matter concerned : as, a digest of laws. nulled; abolished. sudden breaking off a sudden termination a ; ;

There may be an abridgment of a dictionary, a compend abrogation (ab-ro-ga'shon), n. [< L. ahro- violent separation of bodies.
or compemlium of literature, an epitome of a political
situation, an abstract of a sermon, a conspectus or synopsis
gatio(n-), a repeal, < abrogare, repeal see By this abruption posterity lost more instruction than
:

abrogate, v. ] The act of abrogating. Specifi- delight. Johnaon, Life of Cowley.

of a Ijook, a summary of the arguments in a debate, a
dige.yt of opinions on some moot point. cally," the annulling of a law by legislative action or by abruptly (a^brupt'li), adv. 1. Brokenly; by
abrigget, '' t- A Middle English form of usage. See derogation. Abrogation is expressed when
pronounced by the new law in general or particular
breaking or being broken off suddenly as, the :

abridge. Chaucer. path or the discourse ended

terms it isimpiied when the new law contains provisions
abrin (a'brin), n. l<. Abrus -in".^ name + A ;

positively contrary to the former law. abruptly. 2. Precipitously,

given to a poisonous principle obtained from There are no such institutions here no law that can ;
or with a very steep slope
Abru.'i precatorius. abide one moment wlien popular opinion demands its as, the rocks rise abruptly
abroach (a-br6ch'),jjrej7.7)7!r. as adv. or a. [< abrogation. W. Phitlips, Speeches, p. 47. from the water's edge. 3.
ME. abrodie.in the phrase sctte(ii) abrochc, set abrogative (ab'ro-ga-tiv), a. Abrogating or an- Suddenly, without giving no-
abroach, <3 for on +
broche, a spit, spigot, nulling: as, an (ilirogative \a,w. tice, or without the usual
pin: see brooch and l>roach.'] Broached letting ; abrogator (ab'ro-ga-tor), n. One who abro- Abruptly Pinnate Leaf. forms: as, the minister left
out or yielding liquor, or in a position for letting gates or repeals. France aliruptly. 4. With
out : as, the cask is abroach.
If the full tun of vengeance be abroach.
Abronia (a-bro'ni-a), n. [Nh., -prop.* JSabro- an abrupt termination Abruptly pinnate, ter-
nia, < Gr. dlJpo;, graceful, elegant, delicate see minating without an odd leaflet or tendril said of a pin-
:
:

Kill out and swill until you burst again.

Webster (?), Weakest Goeth to the Wall,
Ahnis.] A
genus of low and mostly trailing nate leaf.
i. 2.
order Nyctaginacca; of the west- abruptness (a-bmpt'nes), n. The state or qual-
herbs, natural
To set abroach, To
ern United States. The showy and sometimes fragi-ant ity of being abrupt, (a) The state or quality of being
(a) set running ; cause to flow or
let out liquor, as a cask or barrel. broken off, steep, or craggy sudden breach of continuity
flowers are borne in umbels, much resembling the garden ;

Barrels of ale set abroach in different places of the road liut very different in structure.
precipitousness. (6) Suddenness unceremonious haste or
verbena in appearance, ;

had kept the populace in perfect love and loyalty towards vehemence, (c) Any want of continuity or smoothness.
Two or three species are found in cultivation.
the liueeu and her favourite. Scott, Kenilworth, II. xi.
abroodt (a-l)rod'), prep. phr. as adv. [< ME. Some other languages, for their soft and melting fluency,
Figuratively, to give rise to spread abroad dissemi- In as having no abruptness of consonants, Iiave some advan-
(6) ; ;
abrode, <'a9, prep., on^-l- brode, E. brood.] tage of the English. Howell, Forreine Travell, p. 168.
nate propagate.
or as if in the act of brooding.
;

What mischiefs he might set abroach. Abrus (a'brus), n. [NL., prop. *Babrus, < Gr.
Shak., i Hen. IV., Tlie Spirit of God sat abroad upon the whole rude mass.
iv. 2.
Abp. Saneroft, Sermons, p. 1^5. ajipdc, graceful, elegant, delicate.] small A
abroacht (a-broch'), v. t. [< ME. abroehen,
broach, tap, < OP. l)rochcr, brochicr, broach, abrookt
(a-bruk'), f- t. [< a-1 (expletive) + genus of legiuninous plants, a. prceatorius, or
Indian licorice, is a woody twiner, indigenous to India,
with prefix a-, due to adv. abrochc : .see abroach, brook". To brook endure. Sec brook^. 'I
;
but now found in all tropical countries, where its root is
Ill can tliy noble mind ahrook often used as a substitute for licorice. Its polished, party-
prep.phr., and broacli.^ To open, as a cask, for
The abject people, gazing on thy face, colored seeds, of the size of a small pea, called crabs'-
the purpose of letting out liquor; tap; broach. and jequirity or John Crow beans, are
With envious looks still laugldug at thy shame. eyes, jumble-beads,
Thiike tonne that I schal abroche. Shale, 2 Hen. VI., ii. 4_ employed for rosaries, necklaces, etc., antl as a remedy in
Chaucer, Wife of Bath, Prol., I. 177. diseases of the conjunctiva. They have gi\-eii theimative
abrotanoid (ali-rot'a-noid), n. [< Gr. aiipo-ovov, name of retti (Hind, raitt, rati] to a weiylit (2.1875 gl-ains)
abroad (a-brad'), prep. phr. as adv. or a. [< plant, prob. southernwood (ML.
an aromatic used by Hindu jewelers and druggists. See retti-weights.
ME. abroad, abrod, <.a^,prep., on, brood, brod, +
abrotanum), + EtMof, form see idol.] A species abs-. A prefix of Latin origin a form of ab-, : ;

broad: ace broad.~\ 1. Broadly; widel,Y; ex-

of sclerodermatous East Indian reef-coral, Ma- used (as in Latin) before c, q, t, as iu abscond,
pansively ; outward on all or on both sides. drcpora alirotanoida. abstain, absterge, abstract, etc.
abrotanum (ab-rot'a-num), II. [<ML. abrota- abscess (ab'ses), n. [<L. abscessus, agoingaway,
The love of God is shed abroad in our hearts. Rom. v. 5.
Her winges botlic abrod she spradde. Gower.num aud aprotanuni, prop. L. abrotonum (also in medical language an abscess, < abscedere, go
Look now abroad another race has filled ahrotonus), < Gr. ajipdrovov (also ai^pdrovoc), an away, < abs, lengthened form of ab, away, +
These populous borders. Bryant, The Ages, st. 32. aromatic plant, prob. southernwood (Artemisia cedere, go see cede.] In mrd.. a collection of :

2. Out of or beyond certain limits. () Beyond Abrotaiiuiii), =

Skt. mrdtana, a plant, Cijperii.^ pus in the tissues of any part of the body.
the walls of a house or the bounds of any inclosure as, rottindiis ; less prob. for *d,3p6Tovov, < djipdc, deli- abscessed (ab'sest), p. a.
: Diseased with an
to walk abroad.
cate, + tSvoi;, a cord, taken in the sense of fila- abscess or with abscesses.
Where as he lay ment or fiber. The L. form gave rise to AS. abscessiont (ab-sesh'on), n. [< L. abscessio()i-),
So sick alway.
He myght not come abrode. aprotanc, aiubrotena, priiteiie, and other corrupt < abscedere, go away; see abscess.1 1. De-
Sir T. More, A Merry Jest. forms, and to It. Sp. Pg. abrotano, OP. abrone, parture.
 ; ;
:: ;

abscession 20 absinthe
To hide, withdraw, or lie concealed: as, rotmdings, or from the topic which demands his attention
Heither justly eicomiiumicated out of that particular 2.
he may be thinking of little or nothing. .\ii abstracted
chnrch to uhicb he was ordirly joyiiti!. mir exuommuni- "the marmot absconds in winter," Bay, Works
cstinv himself by voluntarj- Sthisme, liixlarcd abaceition,
man is kept from what is present by thoughts and feelings
separatiou. -^r apostasie.
of Creation. so weighty or interesting that they engross bis attention.
Bp. Oauden, Tears of the Church, p. ST. A fish that flashes his freckled side in t^ siui aud as He may have been so preoccupied by them as to be unable
suddeulv absconds in the dark and dreamy waters again. to begin to attend to other tilings, or his thoughts may
2. In an abscess.
//(( il., Lowdl, Study Windows, p. 377. be diverted to them upon some eliance suggests. lii. In all
abscess-root (ab'ses-riit), n. A popular name = Syn. Escape, retreat, flee, run away, make oH. these cases he is or becomes inattcntice, Pislractcd (lit-
erally, dra-gged apart) is sometimes used for diccrted, but
of the ulant Polemoiiiiim repttiiij;.
Il.t trans. To conceal. denotes more properly a state of perplexity or mental un-
abscind (ab-sind'i. r.t. l< L. tihscindere, cut Nothing discoverable in the lunar surface is ever cov- easiness sometimes approaching frenzy.
off, tear off, < .('. off, + sc('' 'O, cut, Gr. = ered aitd nliscoiuled from us by the interposition of any Il.t n. One who
is not present ; an absentee.
cxkttv, cut, sriKi::ite: see scix-^t'it and schismJ] clouds 'or mists but such as rise from our own globe.
licntU'ii. .Sermons, viii.
Let us enjoy the right of Christian absents, to pray for
To cut off. [KaiL.] one another. - Bp. Morton, To Abp. Usher.
absconded! (ab-skon'ded), p. a. Hidden se-
Two syllables aitcindtd from the rest.
Jolimon, Eambler, No. cret recondite.
In her., said of a bearuig which is
;
absent (ab-senf), v. t. [< F. ab.ienter Sp. Pg.=
90. :

completely coVered by a superimposed charge. Tlius, if a auscntar = lt'. assentarc, (."L. ab.sentare, cause
abscise (ab-siz'). ' '! pret. ana pp. abscised, shiettl lias tiiree mullets in pale, the middle one of the to be away, be away, < absen(t-)s, absent: see
ppr. abscising. [< L. abscistis, pp. of abscidere, three would be c<impletely hidden ornfwcoHtiedby ashield absent, a.'] To make absent ; take or keep away:
cut off, < abs for ab, off, away, cwdere, cut. + of pretense or ineseuteheou.
now used only reflexively, but formerly some-
Cf. excise, incise, v., and precise, .] To cut off I am now obliged to go far in the pursuit of beauty
times othermse, as by Milton: as, to absent
which lies verv ah^conded and deep.
or away. Slia/lrsbury, Moralists, p. 3. one's seU' from home ; he absented himself from
abscissa (ab-sis'a), 71. ; pi. abscissa; or abscissas the meeting.
[L. (tr. of Gr. d-o?xifi3avo/iivr/), abbre- abscondedlyt fab-skon'ded-li), adv. In con-
(-e, -jiz). If thou didst ever hold mc in thy lieai't,
viation of recta ex diametro abscissa, line cut
cealment or hiding. Absent thee from felicity awhile.
off from the diameter; fem. of abscissus, cut
An old Koman priest that then lived abscondedly in Slialc., Hamlet, v. 2.
Oxon. Wood, Athenje Oxon., I. 631.
off, pp. of abscindere : see abscind.} In math.: What change
(a) In the conic sections, that part of a ti-ans-
abscondencet (ab-skon'dens), . Concealment Absents thee, or what chance detains?
seclusion. Jfi'((im, P. L., X. 108.
versc axis which lies between its vertex and One who
absconder (ab-skon'der), ab- absentaneoust (ab-sen-ta'ue-us), . [< ML. ab-
)i.
a perpendicular ordinate to it from a given sconds. senlaiieus, < L. abscn{t-)s, absent : see absent, a.]
point of the conic. Thus (fig. 1), in the par.->hola VXC,
absconsio (ab-skon'shi-d), n. 1)1. absconsiones Relating to alisence absent. JSaile;/.
AM, the part of the a.\is AB cut oIT hy the ordinate : ;

PM, is the abscissa of the point P. ( J) lu the system (ab-skou-t.'ii-6'nez). [NL., < L. absconder!, absentation (ab-sen-ta'shou), . [<ML. absen-
hide: see abscond.] In anat. aud surg., a cav- tutio{n-), < L. absentarc, make absent: see ab-
ity or sinus. sent, !'.] The act of absenting one's self, or
absence (ab'sens), n. [<ME. absence, < OF. ab- the state of being absent. [Rare.]
sence, ausencei F. absence Sp. Pg. ausencia =
Bis absentation at that juncture becomes significant. =
It. assema, < L. absentia, absence, < absen{t-)s, iStr ir. Hamilton, Discussions, p. 229.
absent: see absent, .] 1. The state of being absentee (ab-sen-te'), . 1. One who is ab-
absent the state of being a way or not present
; sent; more narrowly, one who withdraws from
as, speak no ill of one in his absence. liis country, oilice, estate, post, duty^ or the like.
Say, is not absence death to those who love ? Specifically applied, generally by way ot reproach, to
Pope, Autumn. landlords and capitalists who derive their income from
We see on the lip of our companion the presence or one country, but spend it in another in which they reside.
absence of the great masters of thoii.,;lit and poetry to bis 2. In Ian; one who is without the jm-isdiction
of Cartesian coordinates, a certain line used mind. Emt-rson, Domestic Life. of a particular court or judge.
in determining the position of a point in a
2. Tho period of being away or absent: as, an absenteeism (ab-sen-te'izm), . The practice
plane. Tlius (tl-/. 2), let two fixed intersecting lines (axes)
tV and OX he taken, and certain directions on tiieni (as absence of several weeks or years. 3. Tho or luibit of being an absentee ; tho practice of
from O toward X and from (> toward V) he assumed as posi- state of being wanting; non-existence at the absenting one's self from one's country, station,
tive. From any point, jis P, let a line l^e drawn pandlel place and time spoken of; want; lack: as, estate, etc. Ahscnleei.^m in I'Yance, under the oM n'-
to *>Y and enttini; l.).\ in .M. Then will tlie two i[uaiitities ,oiiiie, was oneof the greatest evils, and a prominent eauso
OM and MP. with tlie proper algetiraic sign, determine the absence of evidence.
of the first revolution ; and in Ireland it has been a cause
tlie position of the point I*. OM, or its value, is calU-d the In the absence of conventional law, C/tancetlor Kent. of much popular discontent.
ahjicijiifi of ittint. and the fixed line
titf. X'X is called the 4. Absent-mindedness inattention to things ;
Partly from the prevailing ahsnitcrism among the land-
azi* fif afn'ciysay. See cixtntinate, n., 2.
present: a shortened form of absence of mind. lorils, . . . these peasants i.f the north (of Kiissiaj are
abscissio inflniti (ab-sish'i-6 in-f5-ni'ti). [L. more energetic, more intelligent, more independent, aud
To conquer that abstraction which is called absenct\
lit., a cutting off of an infinite (number): see coliseiiuently less docile an. I ]iliiible, than those of the
J.tiiidor.
abscission and infinite.'] fertile central provinces. 1>, M. Wallace, llussia, p. 109.
In loi/ic, a series of For two or three days I continued subject to freiiueiit
arguments which exclude, one after another, involuntary fits of absence, which made me insensible, for absenteesMp (ab-sen-te'ship), . Same as ab-
various assertions which might be made with the time, to all that was passing around me. senteeism.
B, Taylor, Lands of tho .Saracen, p. 147.
regard to the subject under di-scussion, thus absenter (ab-sen'ter), n. One who absents him-
gradually diminishing the number of possible Absence of mind, habitual or temporary forgctfulucss seU'.
of, or inattenti.jii to, (Oie's imnietliate surroundings.
assumptions. Decree in absence, in .sVof-.s' law, a decree pronounced lie [Judge Foster) has fined all the absenicrs 20 apiece.
abscission (ab-sizli'gn), n. [< L. absci.'!sio(n-), against a defendant who lias not appeared and pleaded on Lord Thnrlote, Sir M. Foster.
< ahsiiiiilirr, cut off: see abscind.] 1. The act
the merits of the cause. Leave Of absence, permission absente reo (ab-son'te re'd). [L. : absente,
from a superior to be absent. In tlie I'nited States army
of cutting off; severance; removal. an ofllcer is entitled to 30 days' leave in each year (ui full abl. of (!bsen{t-)s, absent; reo, abl. ot reus, a
Not to bo cured without the abtcistion of a member. pay. He may permit this tiiiie to accumulate for a period defendant, < }<.., an action : see res.] The de-
Jcr. Taylor. not exceeding four years. W'iliielm, Mil. Diet. fendant being absent : a law phrase.
The
net of putting an end to the act of absent (ab'sent), . and w. [< ME. (ift.sr ?i /, < In an absent or in- absently (ab'sent-li), <idr.
2t.
annulling or abolishing. .Sir T. liroune. 3.
;

i}V. absent, auscnt, V. absent =
't>f.V\x. au.wnte .itlcntixc manner; with absence of mind.
Ketreiichment. [Uare.] 4. Tlio sudden ter- = It.assente, <L. uhscn[t-)s, being away (ppr. absentment (ab-sent'ment), H.
l< absent, v.,
miDatioii of a disease by death. of abesse, be away), < ab, away, -I- ".''cn(t-)s, + -iiu til.] The act of absenting one's self, or
Hooper,

Mod. Diet. 5. In rhct., a figure of speech con- ppr. (= (3r. uv (uvT-), = Skt. sant, being, = E. the stale of being absent. Jlarrow. [Rare.]
sooth, true: see sooth), < inf. esse, be: see m-
siKting in a sudden reticence, as if the words absent-minded (nb'Kent-iuin''ded), a. Charac-
alroouy spoken made sufficiently clear what senee, am, is, and cf. jmsent.] I. a. 1. Not in a tori'/,eil liy absence of mind (see absence); inat-
the speaker would say if ho were to finish certain place at a given time not in conscious- tentive to or forgetful of ono's immediate sur-
;

tho sentence as, "He is a man of so much :

ness or thought nt a certain time; away: op- roundings.
honor and camlor, and such geiifrnsitv posed to present. absent-mindedness (ab'sent-miu'ded-nos), .
but
I need say no more." 6. In aslrol., t !n"riitting With thitshe fell dltraet.
And, her attendants absent, swallow'd
The <|iinlity, state, or haliit of being absent-
lire.
off or privciitintf of aiivthing shown l.y one niiiiilcil.
.Shall., J. C, Iv. .!.

anpoct 1.
anotlier AbsdBBlon of the visual image in your mind when the
The picture or absentness (ab'sent-nes), n. Tho quality of
C0niA4, ! die ellttlnu olH'nithin )>''rf<. lined orange is present to the senses is almost exactly repro- being absent, inattentive, or absent-minded;
"I"nlhe., ival of aatuphyloma of til. ecn. duced when it is absenl. /. l-'iskc. Idea of (ioil, |j. Mil. nlist'iil-iiiinileilness,
Ii n.

absconce (l>-knn'V 2. Not existing; wanting; not forining a jiart absey-bookt (ab'se-bi'iU), . [That is, a-b-e
fl. [<MIj. ahsconsn, a
diirk
'
Unt' 1 1,. 'I. ,,l,nrnnnii, for aliscondi- or attribulo of: as, among them refiiieuioiit Iniol: .see ((-/)-('.] A primer, which sometimes :

ia absent ; revenge is onlirely absent from his included a catechism.

'", pp. "I SCO itliHcond and
*"""'' '
,.|.' :

''II holding a w:i\. mind. 3. Absent-minded (which see). And then comes answer llko an Ahsey.bool!.
Sliak., K. John, 1.
this passage wo may gather not only that ('Iinucor
1.
\<U .ling tho al, ..ill- From
'' It, and Iho i-Iim],-
ivas . i.iiiall of stature and slender, but that he was ae-
. .
absidiole (ab-sid'i-fil), h. Samo as apsidiolc.
euMtoincd to be twitted <ili u'Toiint of the abstracled or
I. .
nluinii look wlilili BO often lirni.liehlldreii of tho world I"
absinth (ab'sinth), H. [< F. iilisinllie, < L. absin-
abs offer Its wearer a penny for lii.< iliniigbtH. lliiiim HOC ab.iinlhiiim.]
: 1. Worinwood. See
'
nUnconihrf, hide,
I;"
Ti.
iiindirr, put, liiv o|., A. ir. Hon/, l.lfo of CliBiiccr, III. iihsinlliiiiiii.
2. Absinthe (which see).
+ -iliri', ill cMiiii,..
Abiient with leave (ini'f ''.). ofllcem pcrnillleil 1..
'ai.l ..f absinthate (nb-siii'lliat), H. A salt formed by
i.' ri,. i,i..|v,., from of ei.llHli'd men and
,.,,1 - V ,/,, I
r
.

Absent wltlioni leave

theli' p.. Hi-,,
(ntnii.), haid ..(
of absinthic aeid with a biiso. II I'liiiiliiiinliiin

i.TH (notii.-li
absinthe (nli'sinth; F. pron. ab-saiit'), H. [F.,
..r desertrrs) who bai'..
III. i\..^ from 111. il < I/, iihfinthinm : sen absinthium.']
wit bout perinlBHloii
I
I -I
The com-
to I
.1 ill ordel 1. I. ling nioii nniiie of a highly iiriiriiMlIc liqui'iir of an
their olfelli**' iiiiilir
..iirt liiiotl.,1. 1,1 the I'nileil Slates
oiiiiliiie-gri'i'ii color and liillrr taste; iin alibrc-
.
.

m't'
III will t. live for three iikhiiIiii
'

inl III tiro' r n III. ' 111.

.1 MTiiiy by II"' I'leiil-
1
vintion of i.rtrait il'absiiilhi, extract of absin-
Ingii 1
d. 1.. II, 1.III. Williellii, Mil.
I
tliiiiin. It u tirepared by stcejitng 111 alcohol or strong
,
I.

Ill ..' /.. ,il>.,iractfd, I'rriicrti-

'
uplrll biller liirlis, tim chief of which uro Artemisia. Ab-
If- 1 "III. I. imliodx emiM ilMii'. he Jiif ,'...,..,, inlrnclrti. In nl IIIHII Ih one WlO'HO Kinthiiiin, A. iiiuletiiua, A. Kiiicattt
. '. . besides which some ;
atiMvmU.I. DnrhiKK, liigoldaliy t/ogimda, I. lU). iiiliiil wmilcn iiiieoiiacloiuly b'on his Immodlatu mir- ruclpes iiientloii plaiita that are not of thin Kcniui, uiid
 ;; ;;:

absinthe 21 absolutely
Absolute term. In IoqIc, a general class-narae, as
can be intended only tn ninilify tlio bitter of the worm- tilings not considorod with roferonee to other
;
()
woods; tlie liquor so llavorcd is then redistilled. It is man, as opposed to a relative or connotative term. (6)
similar things as standards ; not comparative In that term of an equation or quantic in which the
at;}.,
consi<lert'd tonic and stomarliic. Its excessive use pro-
duces a niorhid condilinn (lilfering somewhat fl-oin ordi-
merely: opposed to relative: as, absolute posi- unknown quantity does not appear, or, if it appears, nas
nary aleoholistn. \\'rti.L,^-> and epileptiform convulsions tion; absolute velocity (seo below). [Careful tlie oxponent 0. Thus, in the equati'in x~ + 12x 24-0,
are marked symptoms, and liallneinations occur without writers, without an exiilauation, or unless the context
makes the meaning clear, di> not use the word in this sense
whi<rh may also be written x- -f 12x
written 24 in the first form and
JlxO-o, the tenu
'iLco in the second
other synipt'inis of delirium tremens. The use of it pre-
vailed at one time amou>,' the I'relich soldiers in Algiers, so that, though it has always belonged to the word, it is form is called the absolute feri. Absolute time, time
Frcncdi army. considered as secondary.] regarded as a (juasi-substance indepeiid(;nt of tlie events
but it is iu>w forljidden throuKhout the
it brings into relationship, that is, which occur in it.
The most common way of preparing it for ilrinlting is by Such a code is that hero called Absolute Ethics as dis-
pouring it iiito water drop Ijy drop or allowing it to trickle
tinsjuished from Relative Ethics
a code the injunctions Absolute, true, and mathematical time, in itself and its
througli a funnel with a minnte opening; so prepared, it of whiih are alone to be considered as alisolutely right, in own nature out of relation to anything out of itself, Hows
is called / h ii^snrde, and is common in the cafds of France, cdutra.Ht with tliose that are relatively right or least e<iuably, and is otherwise called duration : relative, ap-
Italy, anil .Switzerland. wnuig and which, as a system of ideal conduct, is to
;
parent, and vulgar time is any sensible and external
absinthial (ab-sm'thi-al), a. 0f or pertaining serve as a standard for our guidance in solving, as well as me;isure of duration by motion [whether accurate or in-
K. E. D. we can, the problems of real conduct. eiiuaiilel which the vulgar use in place of true time, as an
to wormwood ; hence, bitter,
hour, a day, a month, a year.
//. Spencer, Data of Ethics, lO-I.
absinthian (ab-siu'thi-an), a. Pertaining to or Sir !. s\<wton, I'rmcipia (trans.), Def. 8, Scholium.
of the uatm-o of wormwood. 6. Unlimited in certain essential respects
Absolute velocity, the velocity of a body with refer-
Tempering abf^inflnaii bitterness with sweets. arbitrary ; despotic applied especially to a
:
ence not to other moving bodies, but to something im-
Randolph, Poems (1652), p. 60. system of government in which tlie "will of movable.
absinthiate (ab-sin'thi-at), r. t.
;
pret. and pp. the sovereign is comparatively unhampered We know nothing about absolute velocities in space, for
absintliiiitcd, ppr. ahsinthiating. [< L. ahsinthi- by laws or Tisage: as, an absolute monarchy. we have no standard of comparison,
A. Daniell, Frin. of Physics, p. 15.
atus, pp. adj., containing wormwood, < ahsln- As Lord Cliamberlain, I know, you are absolute by your
office, in all that belongs to the decency and good man- Absolute zero of temperature, the lowest possible
thiuiii : tiQoabsintliiiim.'] 1. To impregnate witli temjierature which the nature of heat admits; the tera-
wormwood. 2. To
satm'ate with absinthe.
ners of the stage. Drydeji, Orig. and Prog, of Satire.
All absolute governments, of whatever form, concen-
Iterature at which the particles whose motion constitutes
Latinised English and obsintkiated barrack-room mo- heat would be at rest; that temperature at which, if it
trate power in one uncontrolled and irresponsible individ-
raUty. The Spectator, No. S035, p. 1154. were maintained in the refrigerator of a perfect thermo-
ual or body, whose will is regarded as the sense of the
Calhoun, Works, I. 37. dynamic engine, tlie engine would convert all the heat
community.
absinthic (ab-sin'thik), a. Of or pertaining to it should receive from its source into work. This tem-
absinthium or wormwood Absinthic acid, an acid . 7. Certain; infallible. perature has been proved to be 273.7 degrees below the
derived from wormwood, proltably identical with succinic
The colour of my hair he cannot tell, zero of the centigrade scale. See absolute temjierature,
= Syn. 1. Unconditional, independent. 2. Finished,
acid. Or answers "dark," at random, while, be sure,
perfect, rounded, consummate, coniplete. 6. Arbitrary,
absinthin (ab-sin'thin), 71. The crystalline bit- He's absolute on the figure, five or ten,
autocratic, unrestricted, irresponsible. 7. Positive, de-
ter principle (C20H28O4) of wormwood, Arte-
Of my last subscription.
Mrs. Browning, Aurora Leigh, cided, certain, sure. 8. Peremptory, imperative, dicta-
misia AlixiHtJiiuiii.
Domineering; peremptory; exacting strict
iii.
torial. 9. Immediate, direct, self-existent.
8.
absinthine (ab-sin'thin), a. Having the qualities obedience.
II. n, 1. In metaph.: (a) That which is free
of absinth or wormwood; absinthic. Carbjle. from any restriction, or is unconditioned;
The cachectic Tapped on her head
absinthism (ab-sin'thizm), n.
With absolute forefinger. Mrs. Brouming. hence, the ultimate ground of all things ; God:
state produced by the use of absinthe (which as, it is absurd to place a limit to the power
9. Ultimate ; not derivedfrom anything else of the Absolute.
see).
absinthium (ab-sin'thi-um), n. [L., <Gr. (npiv- as, an absolute principle.
10. Immeasurable;
Being Itself, and the types which follow, as well as those
also aipLvBoQ and ail)ivBia, wormwood, of not definable by measurement; not led up to
610V, of logic in general, may be looked upon as definitions of
Pers. origin.] The common by insensible gradations: as, the distinction ilmAbsolute, or metaphysical definitions of God at least :

wormwood, Artemisia Ab- between right and wrong is absolute. tli^Brst and third t)T>ical form in every triad may.
The opposition is no longer of the rigid or absolute Jlegel, Logic, tr. by Wallace, 85.
sinthium, a Eiu-opean spe-
cies, much cultivated for its
nature which it was before. A. Setk. The contention of those who declare the Absolute to
be unknowable is, that beyond the sphere of knowable
bitter qualities. It contains a 11. In gram., standing out of the usual syntac- phenomena there is an Existent, which partially appears
volatile oil which is the principal tical relation or construction applied to the :
in the phenomena, but is something wholly removed from
ingi-edient in the French liqueur case of a noun and an adjunct in no relation them, and in no way cognizable by us.
absinthe. G. H. Lewes, Probs. of Life and Mind, II. 430.
of dependence upon the rest of the sentence,
absinthol (ab-sin'thol), n.
and defining the time or cii-cumstances of an (&) That which is perfect or complete as, its :
The chief constituent of oil
action: as, the genitive absolute in Greek, the beauty approaches the absolute, (c) That which
of wormwood, Cj^oHigO.
ablative absolute inlja^tinj the locative absolute in is independent of some or all relations; the
absis (ab'sis), n. Same as
Sanskrit, and the nominative absolutein English. non-relative.
apsis.
[<L.
Abaoluie alcohol. See alcohd. Ahsohite atmo- The term absolute is of ambiguity, corre-
a twofold . . .

absistt (ab-sisf), t'. '.

(ibsistere, withdraw,
off,-f- sistere, stand, a re-
duplicated form of stare, to
stand: see state, stand.'] To
desist.
absistencet (ab-sis'tens), n.
A standing off; a refrain-
ArteMist,j Absinfhti ing or holding back.
Leafandfloweringbranch.
a^git (ab'sit), H. [Ij. tMrd
pers. pres. subj. of abesse,
be away.] In colleges, a leave of absence from
commons.
[L. ; lit., may the
absit omen (ali'sit 6'men).
omen be away : absit, third pers. pres. subj. of
abesse, be away ; omen, an omen : see absent
May the
and omen.'] May it not be ominous
sphere, an absolute unit of pressure, equal to one million sponding to the double . . . word in
signification of the
< ah, grams per centimeter-second square that is, one million
;
Latin. Absolutum means what freed or loosed; in
.is
times the pressure produced on a square centimeter by a which sense the absolute will be what is aloof from rela-
force of one gram accelerated every second by a velocity tion, comparison, limitation, condition, dependence, etc.
of one centimeter per second. Absolute ego, in met- In this meaning, the absohite is not opposed to the inft-
aph., the non-individual, pure ego, neither subject nor nite. Absolutum means finished, perfected, completed;
object, wliich, according to the German metaphysician iu which sense the absolute ^vill be what is out of rela-
J. G. Fichte, posits the w. .rid. Absolute electrometer. tion, etc., as finished, perfect, complete, total. ... In
See electrometer. AbsolntQ equation, in astrun., the
this acceptation and it is that in which for myself I
sum of the optic and eccentric equations, the furmer exclusively use it
the absolute is diametrically opposed
being the apparent inequality of a planets motion in its to, is contradictory of, th6 infinite.
orbit due to its unequal distance from the earth at dif-
; Sir W. Hamilton, Discussions (3d ed.), p. 13, foot-note.
ferent times, an effect which would subsist even if the
planefs real motion were uniform, and the latter being
Whatever can be known or conceived out of all relation,
is to say, without any correlative being necessarily
the uiequality due to a real lack of uniformity in the plan-
that
known or conceived along with it, is the known Absolute.
et's motion. Absolute estate, iu law, an unqualified,
Ferrier, Institutes of Metaph., prop. xx.
unconditional estate, entitling the owner to immediate
and unlimited possesslnii and dominion. Absolute form.
2. In math., a locus whose projective relation
See/(jr(Ji. Absolute identity, the met aphysical doctrine
to any two elements maybe considered as con-
that mind and mutter :ul- plienomenal inodilications of the
same substuiue. Absolute instrument, :in instrument stituting the metrical relation of these elements
!

designed to measure electrical or other physical quantities to one another. All measurement is made by succes-
omen fail!
in terms of absolute units. See /i(7. Absolute in- sive superpositions of a unit upon parts of the quantity to
absolute (ab'sg-liit), a. and n. [<ME. dbsolut, variant, in alg.,iin invariant entirely unchanged by a be measured. Now, in all shif tings of the standard of mea-
< absolut, < L. ahsolntus, complete, unre-
OF. liuear transfonnatiuuof the quantic Absolute magni- -surement, if this lie supposed to be rigidly connected with
stricted, absolute, pp. of absolvere, loosen from: tude, magnitude uitimut regard to sign, as /'his minus: w an imlimited continuum superposed upon that in which
opposed to (dgehniiral y*((r.<//iii(it/e. Absolute measure, lies the measured quantity, there will be a certain locus
see absoloe.'] I, a. 1. Free from every restric- that which is based simply on the fundameutal units of which vnW always continue unmoved, and to which, there-
tion imconditional : as, the only absolute ne- time, space, and mass, and does not involve a comparison fore, the scale of measurement can never be applied. This
J
cessity is logical necessity ; absolute skepticism with any other arl)itrary quantity, especially not any grari- is the absolute. In order to establish a system of mea-
absolute \nooi.
2. Perfect; complete; entire; tation-unit, whose value varies with the latitude and ele-
vation above the sea. Thus, the absclute measure of a
surement along a line, we first put a scale of numbers on
the line in such a manner that to every point of the line
possessed as a quality in the highest degree, force is that of the velocity it would iinpart to the unit- corresponds one number, and to everj' number one point.
or possessing the essential characteristics of the mass in a unit of time. The units so derived are called ab- If then we take any second scale of numbers relattd in this
attribute named in the highest degree: as, ab- solute unit^; for example, the poundal or dyne. See unit. manner to the points of the line, tony number, x, of the
solute pui'ity ; absolute liberty. Absolute position, position in absolute space. Ab- first scale, will correspond just one number, //, of the sec-
solute pressure. () That measure of pressm-e which ond. If this con-espondence extends to imaginary points,
Whatphilosophical inquiry aims at is, to discover a includes atmnsplieric pressure. (6) Pressure expressed X and y will be connected by an equation linear in x and
proof, by subjective analysis, of a greater certainty in the in absolute measure, commonly in absolute atmospheres linear in y, which maybe written thus: xy ax+by-'r
law, of an inviolable uniformity in nature, of what may (which see). Absolute problem, aqtuilitative problem c = 0. The scale will thus be shifted from x = to t/ = or
properly be called an ah^n/nt^' nuiforinity, if only the word iu wliich it is sought to discover whether an object pos-
X c'a. In this shifting, two points of th; scale re-
abmlute is used as oppost-il tn iueuniplete or partial, and sesses a given L-haractcr, but niH to compare different main unmoved, namely, those which satisfy the equation
not as opposed to relative or phenomenal. objects. Absolute proposition, in ^v/'>, a categorical x^ -\-(a-\-b)x-\-c~Q. Tliis pair of points, which maybe
S. Hodgson, Phil, of Keflection, II. iv. 1. proposition. Absolute reality, in //--'a;-//., realUy not really distinct, coincident, or imaginary, constitute the
Hence 3. Perfect;
free from imperfection: as it is coneeivud, but as it exi.sts independently of all
tlinught about it. Absolute reciprocant. See recipro-
absolute. For a plane, the absolute is a curve of the sec-
ond order and second class. For three-dimensional space
sometimes applied to persons. c(I;/^ Absolute space, space considered as the recep- it is For the ordinary system of mea-
a quadric surface.
5Iay seem as shy, as grave, as just, as absolute tacle of things, and not as relative to the objects in it: surement in space, producing the Euclidean geometry, the
As Angelo. Shak., M. for M., v. 1. ui>po.sid to spatial extension. Absolute temperature, absolute consists of two coincident planes joined along an
So absolute she seems. temperature measm-ed from the ali-^olute zero of tem- imaginary circle, which circle is itsilf usually termed the
And in herself complete. Milton, P. L., viii. 547. perature (see below) on the absolute or tbemiodjTiamic absolute. See distance and anharnfic ratio. Philoso-
scale of teinnt rature. which is delined by the condition phies of the absolute, certain sy.st(rms of metaphysics
4. Fixed determined not merely provisional
; ;
that the area' included between two fixed adiabatic lines founded on Kant s ritique of Reason most prominently
<

iiTevocable. and any U\" isotliermal lines is proportional to the differ- those of Fii.lite, Sclulling, and Hegel which, departing
O, pass not. Lord, an absolute decree. ence of temperatures for those lines on this scale. This from the principles of Kant, maintain that the absolute
Nor liind thy sentence unconditional. absolute seale of temperature differs by very small quan- is cognizable.
Drydcn, Annus tities, usually negligible, from that of an air-thermometer,
!Mirabilis.
and by the absolute temperature is often meant the tem- absolutely (ab'so-lut-li), adv. Completely;
5. Viewed independently of other similar perature uu the latter scale above the absolute zero. wholly independently ; without restriction,
;
 ' : ;;

absolutely 22 absorption
from abov*. Such wells are sometimes called nega-
limitation, or qualification ; Tmeonditionally ; absolutory (ab-sol'u-to-ri), a. [<ML. absoluto- to it
tiiv ifells, iraste-wells, and drain-uvlU; also, in the south
positively peremptorily. rius. <L. (ibsolutiis: see abs<ilittc.'] Giving ab-
; of England, dead ivells. The geological eondit ions favoring
Command me ab^olutety not to go. solution; capable of absolving: as, "an ab- their use are rare; but they have occasionally been found
iiaim, p. L., ix. 1156. senteDce," Aiiliffe, Parergon.
sohitm-ij practicable and convenient in connection with inaimfactur-
Capable of being iiig establishments. = Syn. 4. 'To Absorb, L'nt/ross, Sical-
Absolutely we cannot discommend, wf cmnot absolutely absolvable (ab-sol'va-bl), a.
low up, Eu'ju{r', engage, arrest, rivet, ti.v. (See enyross.)
approve either willingness to live or forwardness to die. absolved deserviugof oreutitled to absolution.
Uovler, Eccl. Pol., v.
;
Absorb and engross denote the engagement of one's whole
absolvatory (ab-sol'va-to-ri), 0. [Irreg. < ab- attention and energies by some object or occupation but ;

As a matter of fact, absolutely pure water is never found solie + -atonj ; prop, absolutory, q. v.] Confer- absorb commonly has connected with it the idea of mental
in the economy of nature. UuxUy, Physiog., p. 115. passivity, ewiro.fs that of mental activity. Thus, one is
ring absolution, pardon, or release; having absorbed ill a novel, but engrossed in business, 'The words,
absolnteness (ab'so-lut-nes), n. .The state of power to absolve. however, are sonietinies used interchangeably. Sifallou- up
being absolute; iudependeuee completeness absolve ^.ab-solv'), v. t. ; ;
;
pret. and pp. absolved, and engutj' have a much stronger figurative sense; engulf
the state of being subject to no extraneous ppr. absolvitii/. [< L. absolfcre, loosen fi'om, generally expresses misfortune.
restriction or control; positiveness ; perfection. <ab, from, + solvere, and cf. absorbability (ab-sor-ba-bU'i-ti), n. The state
loosen: see soU-e,
If vou have lived about, .as the phrase is, you have lost fl.Si'OiY.] 1. To set free or release, as from some
or quality of being absorbable.
that sense of the abscluteii^^ and the sanctity of the hab- duty, obligation, or responsibility. absorbable (ab-si5r'ba-bl), a. Capable of being
its of your fellow-patriots wtiich once made you so happy alisorbeil or imbibed.
midst of them. No amount of erudition or technical skill or critical
in, the"
power can absolve the mind from the necessity of creatin-^', absorbed (ab-s6rbd'), p. a. 1. Drawn in or
//. James, Jr., Portraits of Places, p. 75.
if it would grow. IT. K. Clifford, Lectures, I. 104. sucked up. Specifically applied to the coloring in paint-
absolution (ab-so-lii'shon), . [< ME. absoUi- ings when the oil has sunk into the canvas, leaving the
L. absolutio(n-), < absolverc,
ciuii, -cioii, -cioiin, < 2. To free from the consequences or penalties color fiat and the touches dead or indistinct nearly sy- :

loosen from: see absolvej] 1. The act of ab- atfaehiug to actions acquit specifically, in nonymous with 5MnA- in.
; ;

solving, or the state of being absolved release ;

eccles. language, to forgive or grant remission 2. Engrossed as, an absorbed look. :

from consequences, obligations, or penalties; of sins ; pronounce forgiveness of sins to. absorbedly (ab-s6r'bed-li), adv. In an ab-
speeiticaUy, release from the penal conse- The felon's latest breath sorbed manner.
quences of sin. Absolves the innocent man who bears his crime. absorbedness (ab-s6r'bed-nes), . The state
Bryant, Hymn to Death. of being absorbed, or of having the attention
God's absolution of men is his releasing of them from
the bands of sin with which they were tied and bound. I am
just absolved. fully occujiicd.
Trench, Study of Words, p. 240. Purged of the past, the foul in me, washed fair. and
Browning, King and Book, II, IS.
absorbefacient (ab-s6r-be-fa'shieut), a. n.
(a) .\ccordinp to Horn. Catk. theol., a remission of sin, ppr. of
[< L. absorbere, absorb, -f/flCi<'H((-)s,
which the priest, on the ground of authority received St. To accomplish ; finish. facere, make.] I. a. Causing absorption.
from Christ, makes in the sacrament of penance (which The work begun, how soon
see). " It is not a mere announcement of the gospel, or a II. n. -Any substance causing absorption, as
Absolved. Milton, P. L., vii. <.I4.
bare declaration that God will pardon the sins of those of a swelling. U. C. Wood, Therap.
who repent, but, as the Council of Trent defines it, is 4t. To solve ; resolve ; explain. absorbency (ab-sijr'beu-si), . Absoi-ptiveness.
a judicial act by which a priest as judge passes a sen- We shall not absolve the doubt. absorbent (ab-s6r'bent), 0. and n. [< L. ab-
tence on the penitent." Cath. Diet. (&) According to /'ro?. Sir T. Bromie, Vulg. Err., vi. 10.
thtol., asacerdotal declaration assuring the penitent of di-
sorben{t-)s, ppr. of absorberc : see ahsorb.l I, a.
vine f.jr;.'ivenc.ss on the ground of liis repentance and faitlL
= Syn. 1. To free, release, excuse, liberate, exempt. 2. Absorbing or capable of absoi'biug ; imbibing
In the Koinan Catholic Church the priest pronounces the To acquit, excuse, clear, pardon, forgive, justify. See swallowing; performing the function of ab-
absolution in Ins own name: "I absolve thee." In Prot- ae^Juit.
sorption: as, absorbent vessels; the absorbent
estant communions that use a fonn of absolution, and in absol'ver (ab-sol'ver), n. One who absolves; system.
the Greek Church, it is pronounced in the name of God
and as a prayer " God (or Christ] absolve thee."
one who remits sin, or i)ronouiices it to be re-
; "Absorption-bands" (in the spectrum] . , indicate .
mitted. what kind of light has been stopped and extinguished by
By absolution [in the .\ugsburg Confession] is meant the
official declaration of the clergyman to the penitent that absol'Vitor (ab-sol'vi-tor), n. [Irreg. < L. ab- the ubsorlient object. A. Danitll, Prin. of Physics, j). 450.
his sins are forgiven him upon finding or believing that he siilrcrc : see absolve.^ In law, a decree of Absorbent cotton. See nn. it. Absorbent gland.
la exercising a godly sorrow, and is trusting in the blood absolution. Decree of absolvitor, in Scots law, a Sec ;//((ii((. Absorbent grounds, in imutiwj, picture-
of Christ. Sliedd, Uist. of Christ. Doct. decree in favor of the defeiKiunt in an action. A decree giounils prepared, citlieron board or on canvas, so as to
2t. Abolition ; abolishment. in favor of the pursuer or plaintifi' is called a decree con- have the powiT of alisorliiiig the redundant oil from the
dcuinator. colors, for the sake of quickness in drying, or to increase
But grant it true (that the Liturgy ordered too many
[See absolva- the briiliimcy of the colors. Absorbent-stratawater-
not a total absolution, but a reformation absolvitory
(ab-sor\'i-to-ri), a.
ceremonies],
power, a hydraulic device for utilizing the power of water
thereof, may hence be inferred. Fuller, Ch. Hist., XI. x. 8. torii.] Absdlutory; absolvatory. passing through an absorbing-well. See absorbing-welt,
3. In ciril law, a sentence declaring an accused absonant
(ab'so-nant), a. [<L. ah + so)ian{t-)s under absorb.
person to be innocent of the crime laid to hi.s see .sonant, and cf. absonous."] Wide from the II, w. Anything which absorbs. Specifically
charge. Absolution from censures (eccles.), the re- purpose; contrary; discordant: opposed to (a) In anat. and phys-iol., a vessel which imbibes or takes
* absonant to natiu-e," Quarles,
moval of penalties imposed by the church. Absolution consonant: as, nutritive matters into the system ; specifically, in the
for the dead (eccUs.), a short form of prayer for tiie rc- The Motirner. [Now rare.] vertebrates, a lymphatic vessel (which see, under tym-

S/sc of the soul, sai<i after a funeral mass. Absolutions absonatet (ab'so-nat), r. t.
I'bnfir), {b) In lhrrai>entics: (1) any substance used to
[For 'absoniate, < absorli a morbid or excessive discharge; (2) an alkali used
I the breviary (ecrte^.), certain short prayers said lic-
fore ttif Irssoiis in matins, and tefore the chapter at the
-ML. ah.soniatns, pp. of absoniarc, avoid, lit. be to neutralize acids in the stomach, (c) In clwm. : (1) any.

end of iH'iim-. - Ssrn, 1, Kerni^sion, etc. See pardon, n. discordant: see absonous.1 To avoid; detest. thing that takes up into itself a gas or liquid, as a sub-
stance which withdraws moisture from the air; ('2) a sub-
absolutism (ab'so-lii-tizra), H, [< abnolute -i.sm, + A.^h.
stance, such as magnesia, lime, etc., which neutralizes acids.
altvr y.fib.ioluti.imc Pg. absoiutismo.'] '1. The = absonousf (ab'so-nns), a. [< L. absonus, dis-
absorber (ab-s6r'b6r), n. One who or that
state of being absolute. Sl>eciflcally, in polilieal sri- <(i/),from,+ .son hs, sound: see ,'!ohh(/''.]
coriliiiit,
which absorbs.
ence, that practice or system of government in which the
power of the sovereign is unrestricted ; a state so gov-
1. Unmusical.
2. Figuratively, discordant;
Let us study the effect of using sodium vapour as the
oppbsed; contrary: as, "absonous to our rea- medium not as a source of light, but as an absorber.
erned ; desixitism.
son," Glanville, Seep. Sei., iv. J. iV. Lockyer, Sped. Anal., p. 39.
Tile proviri.c of nbsolutittm is not to dispose of the
national lif<:. Imt to maintain it without those checks on absorb (ab-s6rb' ), V. I. [< L. absorberc, swallow Schlosing has investigated the action of the ocean-water
the exercise of power which exist elsewhere. down anything, <.iih, awjiy, sorbere, suck up, +
as an absovlier and regulator of the carbonic acid gas in
Woolsey, Introd. to Inter. Law, 99. = tir. poipiiv, sup up.] 1. To drink in; suck the alMiosiihcre. Smithsonian Jteport, 1881, p. 200.
From the time of its first conversion Germany has never up; imbibe, as a s|ioiige take in by absor]i- absorbing (ab-si'ir'bing), p. a. 1. Soaking up
;

taken kindly to the clalm.i of absolutism, cither of author- tion, as the lacteals (!]' tlie body hence, to take imbibing; taking uj).
;

ity or of belief, so strongly Put forwanl liy the Church.

German Culture, p. 310. G. S. Hall,
up or receive in, as by chemical or molecular If either light or radiant heat be absorbed, the atisorb-
action, as when charcoal absorbs gases. iiig body is wanned. Tyndatl, Light and Elect., p. 70,
2. The principle of absolute individual power
It is manifest, too, that there cannot he great self- Kngrossing; enchanting: the spectacle
in govcrniiniit lulicf in the unrfstrictcil right ; 2. as,
mobility unless the absorhcd materials are cfflch-ntly dis-
of d<-ti-nniiiatiou or disjiosal in a sovereign. tributed to tile organs which transform Insensible motion was most absorbing.
3. The theological doctrine of predestination Into sensible motion. //. Spencer, Prin. of Psychol., '2. 1'ho total aspect of the place, its sepulchral stillness,
or absolute decrees. 4. The metaphysical
dortrilii-H of the ubsolutists. ^^ gyn. l. Tyranny,
Every gas and every vapor absorl>s exactly those kinds
of rays which It emits when in the glowing coinlitioii.
its afisorbing perfuinc of evanescence and decay and iiior-
tiilltv, confounds the distinctions and blurs the details.
//. ./(lines, Jr., Trans. Skclclics, p. ;W4.
yUil"^ro.i/. Abujliflisni. tiU:. .See (/rjfy>o/wm. whilst It iiermltsall other kinds of ra.vsto traverse it with
absolutiflt I ;!/-. .-lii-tiHt), 11. and a. [< abmlutc nniliminished Intensity. Lonuufl, Nature of Light, ji. Ii-t. absorbingly adr. In an
(ab-.sor'liing-li), nK
+ -*'. Hi ''iti.Hti:'] 1. All ailvo-
I. ji. 2t. ToKwallowup; engulf; overwhelm: a8,the sorliiiig iiiaiuiev;eiigrossingly.
cBteof il' ,ii' uli.Holutogovemiiieiit. sea absnrbeit the wreck. absorbitionf (ali-sor-bish'on), ". [Irreg. < ab-
2. In mi ' lit)maintains that there is And dark oblivion soon absorbs tliclll all. sorb -\- -ition.^ Absoi'plion.
an (ihMolu' lative oxistence, and that Coily/er, (111 .Sanies in lllog. liiit. absorptt (ab-s('irpt'), (/. [< Li. ab.iorptus, pp. of
it i i
iiiii'eive it. 3. To swallow up the idiiilily or iinliviiluality iilisiniiirv : see />.s'or/(.] Absorbed,
II r<i|i''lled SchelllnKand the of; draw in as a coiiHlitiicnl |iarl; iiniirpoi-.ilc: Circe in vain invlti'S the fea.st lo share,
<'" (lie indllfereiice of KUb- Absent wander and atisarpt in care.
III
us, the eiiipire ubsorbeil all I lie small states. I

Jcel .... i ubjttl, ul kill, 11and existence.

kdijc I'l'lie, Odyssey, Iv.
Sir W. Hamilton. A clear Htreiim llowlng with a muddy one,
III Its onward ciirreiit i( absorb* absorptiometer (ab-Korp-slii-oiii'e-ti'r), n. [< L.
n. ' '" ' T- -'lining to absolutism; dcs-
Till . , .

p<i'
The vexed eddies of Its wayward brother.
Tennyson, Isabel.
absorption,
ab.ioriiliii, +
(Ir. /iiriiov, a ineiiKure :
see tnrlrr-.'\ An iiislriimeiit invented by Pro-
'; the most vexatious liirf, Inili'cd, 4. To engross or engage wlmlly. fessor IJiiiiseii to di'leniiine Ihc amount of gas
ndall.iii..i..|.,i.iiiij.i(,.li//i,f a,,v4rninenteviTlnventcil.
/(" lonl. Hoclallnni, p. 360.
When n tremendous souinl or iiii iiHtouudlng speclncle alisorlicd liy 11 iiiiit-voliiiiie of a bi|iiiil. It Is a
abtorlis the attention. It Is In \( to liiiposslbli: to think of
All lh'' IblnrawerrodloiHlollii. olduoviTTiln.' ilnsses tube 111 which a cerlalli qilanlily of (he gas and
gl'ioltlliti'd
nliyllillig else. II. Si^hnr, I'rin. of Psychol.. H UH.
of rnih th.lr splrll vvl n'o/uW, cecle.li..ii. ul, ami
.
agitated over mercuiy. The aiiiouiit of iibsorp-
lii|iild Is
.

n>lll'r> Till' loiillnned Invalid Is l(i dangiT of heronilng ab- the Hclili' liy the lliigllt to which tliu
lioli is llleaslired lUl
./,./,;, I(.,r/rj/.
inrlird 111 Hi'K. Whalely, (iii I'.io <,ii's Ess. of Advcislly. niercurv liressrs up the llqllbl in the (llbc.
abSOlnti-t ,
, of, iMrtain- absorption (ub-sftrp'slioii), . [< \j.ab.ioriilii>(n-),
5f. Illmetl., to oounteriicl or neutralize: us,
'"K '". ^oliiliHrn ; ilitinic- a ilriiikiiig, <f /worhorfl see absirrb.l
.' Die act
tTi-'-" miigncHiH absorbn ncidily in the Blomiieh. Ab-
1,1. or of aliKorliing, or (lie stiile of being
'

pi- 'ss
''Oatf-lottMtie
sorbing-well, II verllcnl cxcii'wiiK.ii or shaft sunk In lie'
enrlli l<i I'liable till' sllrfaiM' iMit' (o renrh n peniieiibli'
I
aliHoi'liril, ill nil tli(^ HcnseH ol' the verli: as
to m of publli' wor- bed which Is not snturfttvil (sitti water, and call Iherelore (<i)'l he ael Ol jiroeesHof Imbibing, swiillowlng, oi engulfing
.hip adftj/. Hut. ciuut. t hiux'h, III. 1 1. talio up ur abivrb and iMUry olf the watr wlilch has access mucliaiilcally. {b) The eundltton of liavhitf one's atten-
 ; ;
: ;

absorption 23 abstinency
tion entirely occupied with something, (c) In chcm. and without this abstentionist (ab-sten'shon-ist), m. One who
absque hoc (abz'kwe liok). [L.,
phpii., a tiikin;i in or reception I)y molecular or clicmicul(or tliat) absque, without, < abs, off, from, with ))iaclisi-s or is in favor of abstention, as from
:

action as, ahbvriitivti of gases, liglit, lieat. See lielow.

generalizing suffix -qtte ; hoc, abl. of liic, this, tli(^ act of voting, from eating flesh, etc.
:

We liuow tile redness of the sun at evening arises, not that.] Witliout this or that speeifieally used, abstentious (ab-stou'shus), a. [< abstention +
from absorption l)y tlie ether, l)ut from absorption by a
:

great thiclinesa of our atmosphere. in law, in traversing what has been alleged and -ous. a. contentious, etc.] Characterized by
J, N. Lockyer, Spect. Anal., p. 30.is repeated. alistention. Farrar.
{d) In physiol., the process of taldng up into the vascular absque tali causa (abz'lcwo ta'li ka'zji). [L. abstert (ab-st6r'), T. t. [<L. abslcrrerc, frighten
system (venous or lymphatic) either food from tlie ali- absr/ur, without; tali, aljl. of talis, such; causa, from, < tib.s; from, + tcrrere, frighten see tcrri- :

mentary canal or inflammatory products and other suli-

stanccs from the various tissues. Plants absorb moisture
aljl. of causa, cause.] Without such cause a blc.] To frighten off deter binder. : ; ;

and nutritive juices principally by their roots, but S(une- plirase uso<l in law. So this in like manner should abster and fear nic and
tinies liv their general surfaces, as in seaweeds, and car- abs. re. In laiv, an abbreviation of Latin ab- mine from doing evil. Becon, Christmas Banquet.
bonic aiid by their leaves. Absorption of organic matter sente rco (which see), the defendant being ab- absterge (ab-sterj'),i'. t.; pret. and pp. abstenjed,
by kavcs takes place in several insectivorous plants.
Absorption-bands, in apectrum analysin, dark bands sent. ppr. absterijinrj. [< L. abstcrrjere, wipe off, < abs,
ill the .spectrum more or less broad and in general not abstain (ab-stan'), r. [< ME. abstainen, al>- oil', -f- tcriiere, wipe see terse.] 1. To wipe, :

shariily dellned. They are seen when the light has passed stciiicii, abstcuen, < OF. abstencr, ubstenir, as- or malvo clean by wiping ; "wash away.
thronnh a body not necessarily incandescent, and which icuir, V. abstcnir, refl., <L. abstinerc, abstain, llaths arc used to absterge, belike, that fulsomeness of
may be a solid (as a salt of didymium), a liiiuid (as a solu-
tion of blood), or a vapor (as the rain-band caused by the < abs, off, teuerc, hold see tenable. Cf. con-+ sweat to wMch they are there subject.
:

a(iueous vapor in the terrestrial atmosphere). See absorp- tain, attain, detain, pertain, retain, sustain.'] Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 286.
tioji-Unes and /;ec(ri(m. Absorption of COlor, the phe- 1, intrans. To forbear or refrain voluntarily, 2. \nmed.: fa) To cleanse by lotions, as a wound
nomenon observed when certain colors are retained or pre- especially from what gratifies the passions or or ulcer, (b) To purge. See deterge.
vented from passiuix through certain transparent bodies.
Thus, pieces iif inlitr.il glass are almost opaque to some appetites: used with /coim ; us, to abstain from abstergent (ab-ster' jent), a. and n. [< L. abster-
parts of tin- .s].rrtriiiij. while allowing other colors to pass the use of ardent spirits to abstain from lux- fliH{t-)s, ppr. oi absterffSre : sec absterge.] I. a.
;

through fivrl>. lii> is merely a special case of the ab-

1
Having cleansing or purgative properties.
uries.
sorption of light. Absorption of gases, the action of
Abstain from meats offered to idols. Acts xv. 20. II. n. 1. Anj-thing that aids in scouring or
Bome solids and liquids in taking' oi> ov absorbing gases.
Thus, a porous body like cluucoal (that is, one presenting To walk well, it is not enough that a man abstains from cleansing, as soap or fuller's earth. 2. In
a large surface) has the ability to take in, or condense on dancing. De Quincey, Herodotus. med., a lotion or other application for cleans-
quantity some gases through the mo-
To hinder; obstruct; debar; ing a sore in this sense nearly superseded by
its surface, a large of * :

lecular attraction exerted between its surface and the mol- Il.t trans.
dclcrgcnt.
ecules of the gas, boxwood charcoal, for example, being cause to keep away from as, " abstain men :

able to absorb 90 times its volume of ammonia-gas. On from marrying," Milton. abstergifyt, v. t. or i. [Improp. < L. abstergerc
account of this property, charcoal is used as a disinfectant
abstainer (ab-sta'ner), n. One who abstains
(see absterge) E. -//.] To cleanse ; perform +
to absorb noxious gases. (?>Qe occlusion.) Liquids also have one's ablutions.
the power to absorb or dissolve gases, the quantity ab- specifically, one who abstains from the use of
sorbed varying with the nature of the liquid and the gas intoxicating liquors a teetotaler. Specially when wee would dbstergifie.
;

it is also proportional to the pressure, and increases as the

Benvenuto, Passengers' Dialogues.
abstainment (ab-stan'ment), )i. The act of ab-
tLUnperature is lowered. For example, at the ordinary absterse (ab-sters'), r. t. pret. and pp. ab-
temperature and pressure water absorbs its own volume staining; aljstention. ;

of carbon dioxid at a pressure of two atmospheres, two abstemious (ab-ste'mi-us), a.

;
volumes are atisorhed, and so on. If tllis additional press-
ure is relieved, the excess over one volume is liberated witli
effervescence, as in soda-water. Absorption Of heat,
action performed in varying degrees in itilterent budies
solids, liquids, and gases of stopping radiant heat, as
[<L. abstemius, stersed, ppr. abstersing. [< L. abstersus, pp. of
< abs, from, -f a supposed 'temuni, strong drink,
abstergere : see absterge.'] To absterge ; cleanse
> tcmctum, strong drink, and temulentus, drunlc-
pm-ify. Sir T. Browne. [Rare.]
the
en.] 1. Sparing in diet; moderate in the use abstersion (ab-ster'shon),. [<L.*o&terio()!-),
(.abstergere, pp. abstersus: see absterge.]
1.
of food and drink temperate abstinent. ; ;

a result of whicli their own temperature is more or less The act of wiping clean: as, "ablution and
raised.
sorb but
For example, rock-salt and
radiant heat, that
carbon disulphid ab-
Under his special eye
Abstemious I grew up, and thriv'd amain.
are nearly diatheiTna-
abstersion," Scott, Waverley, xx. 2. In med.,
little is,
Milton, S. A., 1. C3". a cleansing by substances which remove foul-
nous. On the otlier liand, alum and water arrest a large
portion of it, that is, are comparatively athermanous. Instances of longevity are chiefly among the abstentious. ness from about sores, or humors or obstruc-
The waves of ether once generated may so strike against
Arbuthnot, Kat. and Choice of Aliments. tions from the system.
the mnlccules of a body exposed to their action as to Abstemious, refusing luxuries, not sourly and reproach- Abstersion is plainly a scouring off or incision of the
yield up their motion to ihe latter and in this transfer ; fully,but simply as unfit for his habit. more viscous humours, and making the humours more
of the motion from the ether to the molecules consists Emerson, Misc., p. 2G1. fluid and euttmg between them and the part.
;

the absorption o/ radiant heat. Tyndall, Kadiation, 2. Bacon, Nat. Hist., 42.
2. Restricted very moderate and plain very
; ;

Absorption of light, that action of an imperfectly trans- sparing spare opposed to luxurious or rich : abstersive (ab-ster' siv), a. and n.
; :
[= F. ab-
parent or opaque body by which some portion of an in-
cident pencil of light is stopped within the body, wliile as, an abstemious diet. 3. Devoted to or spent
stersif, < L. *abstersivus, < abstergere, pp. abster-

the rest is either transmitted through it or reflected from in abstemiousness or abstinence: as, an ab- sus: sea absterge.] I. a. Cleansing; having the
it. It is owing to this action that, for example, a certain stemious life. quality of removing foulness. See detersive.
thickness of pure water shows a greenish color, of gl.ass a The seats with purple clothe in order due,
bluish-green color, etc. Absorption-lines, in spectrum Till yonder sun descend, let me pay
To grief and anguish one abstemious day. And let the abstersive sponge the board renew.
analysis, dark lines produced in an otherwise continuous Pope, Odyssey, xx. 18D.
Pope, Iliad, xU. 328.

Promoting or favoring abstemiousness as-

A tablet stood of that abstersive tree
4. ;
Where ^-Ethiop's swarthy bird did build her nest.
sociated with temperance. [Rare.] Sir J. Denham, Chess.
Sucli is the virtue of th' abstemious well. II. n. That which effects abstersion ; that
Dryden, Fables.
which purifies.
abstemiously (ab-ste'mi-us-li), adv. In an Abstersives are fuller's earth, soap, linseed-oil, and ox-
rum, ^tiowuig .'ihsorpnon-line! abstemious manner temperately with a gall. ; Petty, in Sprat's Hist. Royal Soc, p. 295.
;

sparing use of meat or drinli. abstersiveness (ab-ster'siv-nes), n. The qual-

spectrum by the absorption of relatively cool vapors
through which the light has passed. The absorption takes abstemiousness (ab-ste'mi-us-nes), n. The ity of being abstersive or abstergent.
place in accordance with the principle that a body, when quality or habit of being temperate, especially
.\ caustick or a healing faculty, abstersiveness, and the
exposed to radiation from a source hotter than itself, ab- in the use of food and drink. = syn. Abstemious- like. Boyle, Works, II. 117.
sorbs the same rays which it emits when incandesceut. ness, Ab.\tim:nt:e, Temperance, Sobriety, soberness, modera-
Thus, the radiation from a lime light passed through an tion, temiierateness. (See sobriety,) The italicized words abstinence (ab'sti-nens), n. [< ME. abstinence,
alcohol flame colored with sodium vapor yields a continu- denote voluntary abstention from objects of desire, most < OF. abstinence, as'iinence, astenance, < L. ab-
ous spectrum, interrupted, however, by a dark line in the commonly abstention from food or drink, regarded either stinentia, < abstinen{t-)s, ppr. of abstinerc: see
place of the l)right line atforded by the sodium vapor as an act or as an element in character. Ab.-<temious'ness,
The solar spectrum shows a multitude of dark abstinent.] 1. In general, the act or practice
alone. by derivation and earlier use, suggests alistinence from
lines, due to the absorption of the solar atmosphere, and in wine ; but it has lost this special sense, and now generally of voluntarily refraining from the use of some-
part also to that of the earth. Absorption-spectrum, a signifles habitual moderation in the gratilicatiun of tlie ap- thing or from some action abnegation.
spectrum with absorption-lines or -bands. Cutaneous or petites and desires ; abstinence is simply the refraining
;

Since materials are destroyed as such by being once

external absorption, in werf., the process by which cer- from gratiflcation, and may be applied to a single act. used, the whole of the labour required for their production,
tain siiiistiuicis, w hill placed in contact witli a living sur- They both suggest self-denial, while temperance and so-
face, prodiire tlie same effects upon the system as when as well as the abstinenee of the iiersons who supplied the
briety suggest wisdom, balance of mind, and propriety.
taken into the stomach or injected into the veins, only in means for caiTying it on, must be remunerated.
Tempenniee suggests self-control, the measure of absten- J. S. Mill, Pol. Econ.
a less degree. Thus, arsenic, when applied to an external tion being itroportioned to the individual's idea of what is
wound, will sometimes atf ect the system as rapidly as when
introduced into the stomach and mercury, applied ex-
best ill that respect. Hence, abstinence and temperarwe More specifically 2. The refraining from
;
often stand in popular use for total abstinence from into.xi- indulgence in the pleasures of the table, or
ternally, excites salivation.
Interstitial absorption. catiiig drink.
from customarj' gratifications of the senses or
See interstitial.
Kniiwing the abstemioiwiess of Italians everywhere, the intellect, either partially or wholly.
absorptive (ab-s6rp'tiv), a. [< F. ahsorptif, and seeing the liungry fashion in which the islanders
< L. as if *<ihsnrj>tiv>i.<i, <.absorhere : see absorb.'] elutehed our gifts and devoured them, it was our doubt Against diseases here the strongest fence
Having power whether any of them had ever experienced perfect re- Is the defensive virtue abstinence. Herrick.
to absorb or imbibe ; causing
pletion. Howells, Venetian Life, xii.
absorption ; absorbent. Men flew to frivolous amusements and to criminal
The absorptive power of a substance may not be so ex- If twenty came and sat in ray house, there was nothing pleasures with the greediness whicli long and enforced
tensive as to enalile it to absorb and extinguish light-rays said about dinner, . . but we naturally practised ab-
. abstinence naturally produces. Macautay.
Thoreau, Walden, p. 164.
or heat-rays of all kinds it may arrest some only.
;

A. Danicll, Prin. of Physics, p. -I-IO.

stinence.
The rule of " not too much," by temperance taught.
3. In a still narrower sense (o) Forbearance
from the use of alcoholic liquors as a beverage:

Milton, P. L., xi. 531.
absorptiveness (ab-s6rp'tiv-nes), n. The in this sense usually preceded by the adjective
(liiality of Ijeing absorptive ; absorptivity. abstention (ab-sten'shon), n. [< L. absten- total. (6) Ecc^es., the refraining from certain
absorptivity (ab-s6rii-tiv'i-ti), )i. The power tio(n-), < absiiiierc : see 'abstain.'] A holding off kinds of food or drink on certain days, as from
<ir oapaeity of absorption.' [Rare.] or refraining; abstlnenee from action; neglect flesh on Fridays Day of abstinence, in the llom.
The iibsorptiritij inherent in organic beings. J. D. Dana. or refusal to do something. Catli. Ch., a day on which it is forbidden to eat flesh-meat.
A/astiny-day limits to one full meal, and commonly in-
absquatulate (ab-skwot'u-lat), pret.
V. i. and As may well be supposed, this abstention of our light cludes abstinence. = Syn. Abstemiousness, Abstinence,
cavalry was observed by the Ilussians with surprise and
;

pp. (thsquatidatcd, ppr. ahsqiKitulaUnf;. [A T'n>i>er<nu-e. etc. See abstemiousness.

thankfulness. Kinglalte.
feigiiod worii, of Ameriearf urit^in, simulating abstinency (ab'sti-nen-si), n. The habit or
Thus the act [of nursing] is both exclu- one that is to
a L. derivation. Cf. abscond, ambulate.'] To jiractice of abstaining or refraining, especiaU.y
sively pleasurable, "while abstention entails pain on both.
run away ; abscond ; make olf . [Slang.] H. Spencer, Data of Ethics, 102. from food. [Rare.]
 :

at>stiiient 24 abstraction
[<ME. ahsU- matter and from special cases as, an abstract He hath an abstract for the remembrance of such place3>
abstinent (ab'sti-neiit),a. and n. :
and goes to them by his note, i^/talc., M. W. of W., iv. 2.
nentj < OF. abstinent, astincnty asUnantj < L. number, a number as conceived in arithmetic,
abstinen{t-)Sj -ppT. of abstiucrc^absUuni see ab- not a nimiber of things of any kind. Originally 5. In (jrani.j an abstract term or noun.
appUed to geometrical forms (the metaphor being that The concrete ''like" has its abstract "likeness"; the
8tavi,'\ I, a. Refi-aining from imdue indiil-
of a statue hewn from a stone), and down to the twelfth concretes "father" and ''son" have, or might liave, the
gence, especially in the use of io<'d and drink; century restricted exclusively to mathematic.fi forms and abstracts '-paternity" and "filiety" or "lUiation."
characterized by mo^leration ;
absteiuions. quantities. (Isidorus, about A. l>. 000, defines abtitract J. S. Mill
One vrho abstains or is abstinent; jiHiiiber.) It is now applied to anything of a general natui'e
n. . 1.
which is considered apart from special circumstances
Abstract of title, in law, an epitome or a short state-
an abstainer. ment td" the successive title-deeds or other evidences of
thus, abiitract right is what ought to be done indepen- ownei-ship of an estate, and of the encumi)ranees there-
Very few public men, for instance, care to order a bottle dently of instituted law. (The phrase in the abstract is on. --In the abstract [L. in abstracto], conceived apart
of wine at a public table. It is not because they are preferable to the adjective in this sense.] from matter or special circumstances without reference
total ab^tinentf. Harper's Ma(f., LXV, 033. ;

Akftract natures are as the alphabet or simple letters to particular applications; in its general principles or
2. {cap,'] One of a sect Tvhieli appeared in whereof the variety of things consisteth or as the colours ; meanings.
mingled in the painter's shell, wherewith he is able to
France and Spain in the third century. The Ab- make infinite variety of faces and shapes.
Were all things red, the conception of colour in the ab-
stineuts oppose*! raairia^e, condemned the eating of flesh, Bacon, \'alcrius ilaximus, xiii.
stract could not exist. U. Spencer, Data of Ethics, 40.
ami pl^LCil tilt- Holy Spirit in the class of created beings, Be the system of abs(dute religious etpiality good or
Abstract calculations, in questions of finance, are not
abstinently (al>'sti-nent-li), adi\ In an ab- to be relied on. A. Hamilton, Works, I. 1*29. bad, pious or profane, in the abstract, neither cluirehmen
gtinent manner \\ith abstinence, nor statesmen can afford to ignore the ijuestion, How
;
Consider the positive science of Crystallography, and will it work? H. N. Oxcnham, Sliort Studies, p. 401.
abstortedt (ab-st6r'td), [< L. ahs, away, j). a. presently it appears that the mineralogist is studying the
+ tortusj : see tort and
pp. of torguerCf twist abstract Crystal, its geometrical laws and its physical = Syn.
Abrid(jment, Compendium, Jipitome, Abstractf
1.
properties. - etc. See abridpment.
torture/] Forced away. PhiUipii, 16G2.
G. n. Lcwcs, Probs. of Life and Jlind, I. i. g Gl. abstracted "(ab-strak'ted), p. a. 1. Refined;.
abstract (ab-strakt'), V, [< L. abstractus, pp. exalted: as, spiritual love," Donne,
+ 2. In gram, (since the thii'teenth een'tmy). *'?>^<f/rcf(Y?
of abstrahercy di'aw away, < abSj away,
hercy draw: see tracks tract.]
tra-
I, trans. 1. To
applied specially to that class of nouns which 2. Difficult; abstruse; abstract. Johnson.
are formed from adjectives and denote char- 3. Absent in inind absorbed ; inattentive to-
draw away take away witfidraw or remove,
;
; ;
acter, as goodness^ audaciti/, and more gen- immediate suiTOimdings.
whether to hold or to get rid of the object withr
drawn: as, to abstract one's attention; to ab- erally to all nouns that do not name concrete And now no more the abstracted ear attends
tilings. Abstract in this sense is a prominent terra in The waters murmuring lapse.
stract a watch from a pei*son's pocket, or money T. Warton, Melanelioly, v. 179..
the logic of Occam and of the English nominalists.
from a bank. [In the latter use, a euphemism Of the name of the thing itself, by a little change or Thy dark vague eyes, and soft abstracted air.
foT steal or purloin.] wresting, we make a name for that accident which we M. Arnold, Scholar- Gipsy.
Thy furniture of radiant dye consider; anil for "living" put into the account "life"; for = ^yn. 3. Absent, Inattentive, Abstracted, etc. Ree absent.
AttgtracU and ravishes the curious eye. "moved," "motion"; for "hot," "heat"; for "long." abstractedly (ab-strak'ted-li), adt\ 1. In an.
Abstract what others feel, what otliei-s tliink,
Kinr/, Ruflnus, 1. 257. "length"; and the like: and all such names are the
names of the accidents and properties by wluch one mat-
abstracted or absent manner. 2. In the ab-
ter and body is distinguished from another. These are stract in a separated state, or in contempla-
;
All pleasures sicken, and all glories Hink.
Pope, Essay on Man, iv. 45. called *' nnxin^s abstract," because severed, not from matter, tion only.
but from the account of matter. Uobbes, Leviathan, i. 4. indeed be difficult for those who have but little-
may
In truth the object and the sensation are the same It
thing, and cannot therefore be abstra<^ted fruni each other. A mark is needed to shew when the connotation is faith in the invisible ... to give up their own power of
Berkeley, l*rin. of Human Knowl. (1710), i. 1i 5.
dropped. A slight mark put upon the connotative term judging what seems best, from the belief that that only is-
ansvyei-s the pin*pose and shews when it is not meant that
; best which is abstractedtt/ right.
2. as a form apart from matter;
To consider anything should be connoted. In regard to the word //. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 57.
attend to as a general object, to the neglect of black, for example, we merely annex to it the syllable
ness; and it is immediately indicated that all connotation abstractedness (ab-strak'ted-ncs), . The
special circumstances; derive as a general state of being abstracted ; abstractness : as,
is dropped so in sweetness, hardness, dryness, lightness.
idea from the contemplation of particular in-
:

The new words, so formed, are the words which have been **
the abstractedness of these speculations/'
stances separate and hold in thought, as a part
; denominated abstract; as the connotative terms from UnniCj Human Understanding, $ 1.
of a complex idea, while letting the rest go. which they are formed have been denominated concrete ;

and as these terms are in frequent use, it is necessary that .\d\anee in representativeness of thought makes pos-
This meaning of the Latin ahutrahere, with the corre-
the meaning of them should be well remembered. It is silile advance in abstractedness : particular itroperties and
sponding meaning of ahxtractw, tlrst appears toward the
now also manifest wiiat is the real nature of abstract particular relations become thinkable apart from the
end of the great dispute between tlie nominalists and
realists in the twelfth century. The invention of these terms a subject which lias in general presented such an
;
things displaying them.
JI. Spencer, Prin. of Psychol., 493.
terms may be said to emhody the upshot of the contro- appearance of mystery. They are simply the concrete
versy. They are unquestionably translations of the Greek terras with the connotation dropped.
abstracter (ab-strak't6r), w. 1, One who ab-
a^atpciK and o^otprt. though we cannot say how these
Gr'ek terms became known in the West so early. The
James
"Wliy not say at once that the abstract
Mill, Analysis of the Human 5Iind,
name is the name
ix,
stnuls or takes away. 2. One Avho makes an
earliest passage is the following " We say those thoughts abstract or summary.
:
of the attribute? J. S. Mill.
{inteUectus) are by abstraction (per abntractianem), which The London Chemical Society, a few years ago, issued to-
either contemplate the nature of any form in itself with- 3f. Having the mind drawn away from present the abstracters for its journal a series of instructions on
out regard to the subject matter, or think-any nature in- objects, as in ecstasy and trance ; abstracted : ehcmieal nomenclature and notation. Science, VI. 369.
diHerent!y(//i'/iV?>fren/er), apart, that is, from tin- dilli-icnci: as, *^ abstract as in a trance," Milton, P. L.,
abstraction (ab-strak'shon), . [<IjL. abstrac-
of its individuars. ... On the other hand, wr nuiy si" ;ik
of subtniction, when any one endeavors to conttmpiatc the
viii. 40:2.
4. Produced by the mental process tin{n-)y < L. abstralicre : see abstract^ v.] 1,
of altstraction: as, an ahstraet idea, ruder this
nature of any subject essence ai)urt from all form. Kither
Ilea. IkI.'H- Iw.i meanings of ithsintcf whli-li can hardly be
Tho act of taking away or separating ; the act
thought, howfver, the attstrartin;/ as well fis the sulitract- I

corisiden-il :is Knglish, though tin j' are sometimes used by of withdrawing, or the state of being with-
iug, seems to conceive the thing otherwise thun it exists."
De JnteUectiOun, in Cousin's Fragments l*hilosophi(iues writers inlluenced by the (.iermaii language. They are drawn ; withdrawal, as of a ])art from a whole,
(2l ed.), p. 4>sl. This old literature having been long for- ((() General having relatively
; snudl logical comprehen- or of one thing from another. Rarely applied to
Kotteh, im erroneous idea of the origin of the term arose. sion wide; lofty; indi-tcrmiriate. This is the usual
;
the physical act ut' taking or removing except in a deroga-
*'
AhKtrii' tion means etymologically the active withdrawal mearnng of abstract in <;. rrnan but its establishment in tory sense lus, the abstraction (dishonest removal, larceny)'
;
:

of utt'.-iitioii from one thing in onler to fix it on another Kii'.'lish would greatly eonfuse our historical terminology.
of goods from a warehouse.
thliit;." .Sully. (Thbi pluusihle but false notion guve rise (b) Resulting from analytical thought; 8evere<l fnni its
to the phnwe to abstract (intrans. )/rom. See below.] connections falsified I'.v the neglect of important con-
;
A hermit wishes to be praised for his abstrncfion [that
is, his withdrawal from society], J'ofc, Letters.
siderations. This is the Hegelian meaning of the word, car-
8. To derive or obtain the idea of.
rying with it a tacit eondenmation of the method of arm- The sensation of cold is really due to an abstraction of
An-i
liM-rs accidents and acts lytrcal mechanics and nf all application of mathematics. heat from our own bodies.
W ohscrvation W. L. Carpenter, Energy in Nature, p. 41.
II lier fall
5. Demanding a liij^li degree of mental abstrac-
i

111' piiwers divine nMrac/^,

I 1

As NalLiic, 1 ortune, and the Virtues all. tion ; dirticult; profound; abstniso: as, highly Wordsworth's better utterances have the hare sincerity,
.S'tV J. Daviefi, abstrart conceptions very abstract specula- the ali.solnte absfractitm from tinu" and place, the im-
;

4, To 8elect or separate the substance of, as a tious.

6. ./\ppli<-d (o a science whicli deals
unniity from decav, that belong to the grand simplicities-
Hibh-. I.owcll, Among Itooks, *Jd ser.. p."J4tl. .>f the my
book or writing ; epitomize or reduce to a sum- with its object in llio abstract: as, abtitract
2. The of abstracting or concentrating tho-
ai't
mary. logic; abstract matlicmatics: opposed to ai>-
attention on a part of a comjdex idea and neg-
The great w..rM in a little world of fancy plicd logic and mal hematics. 7. Separated lect ing tlio rest or sui>]>osing it away ; eHi)ecialIy,
I* here atMtrai-tetl. from material elements ethereal; ideal. tliat variety of tliis procedure bywliicli we j>ass.
;
Ford, Kanctcii Chaste and Noble, 11. 2.
Love's not bo pure and abstract as they use
lt as ahttract them into brief coinpcnds. To say, which have no mistress hut their nnise.
from a nior( to a h^Hsdeterniinate concept, irom
Watta, Imp. of Mind. Dunne, Poems, p. li". the ]iar1icnlar to tlic general the act orprocess- ;

To fxtnict nM, to abtitract spirit. Jitn/le. Abstract arithmetic, 'i^vy- arithmetic, 2. of refining or sublimating.
5t. :

Byn. 2. I" -li "(-.-., l-...lii(., detach. 4. i^t:i- bn'l;,p. II. /'. 1. 'I'li:il wliicli coneeiitrales in itself The mind iiiakcs tin- i)aitifular ideas, received frompar-
the essential ((unlitit'S of anytliiii^' more exleii- tieuhir obleelrt. to become ueneral which is cbme by con- ;

II, intr"- 1
I'-nn uhstractionH ; hrparato
HidcriuK them as they are in the ndnd sneh a]tpearance9,
idcuH; ill Lot wren the attribiito und sive or more ^reneral, or of several thinj^s the ;
separate from all other exiKtenccM. and the eirennistances-
iht' Hulij*' I
. it cxiMls: as, "brutes ab- essence Hpe<'ilie;illy, a summary or epitome
; of real exlsteiu-e, as time, place, or any ollirr eoneondtant
atrart not," Litckt. containing; the (jubstanee, a tceneral view, or Ideiw. This Is called abstraction, whereby ideas, tjiken
tho ])rincipnl lieuds of a writing, discourse, from partlt'ular beiugt*, beccune geiu-ral representatives of
Th'i" lb rr.inmnn r/. n 4") 'miin CM IWm In abstrncllon, uU of the same Kind.
Ih. . . . , jf Oiinl, Hegel, series of events, or the like.
p. i.Mt.
t.ucke, Hinnan rudcrstim.Hng. II. xl. 9.
To >u tbi> attention fnim. iin Yon 8balt find there To be plain, I own niVHtir abb- !>> alistraet in one Hcnue,
par' 1. r to concentrate 11 upon A man who Ih the ub^hact of all fanltn as when I <'onH{der Nonit- partienlar parts or qualities sep-
Ih. r That all men follow. Sh<tk., A, and ('., I. 4.
araled from othertt, with which, thonu'li they are nidtcd tU'
I ii .ti . I ilir Improp' r u.. i.( the term ftlwtrnrllon by h but a faint ahstra,t
Thin ,.{ tin- tldnu'H which have Home objet t, yet it Is possible they niay really exist with-
nmr. it.T*. \u ; It to tlint on wldeh Um- happened nlnce. If. H ./^f, ,. I'.utikei Hill MimunieJit. out Iheni. lint I deny that I can ahntnirl one from an-
ti- .V Indeed b<- "tii.l to other, ir conceive separately, those i|iiidHies whiih it Is
2. That portion of a of (|uanti(ieH, an CKti- bill
pr- let A, II, 1 I- 11, 1..' inip(iKt*lble Hhonid <'Xl.Mt xo Hcparatcil or that can frame ; I

"'' mato, or an aeeount whii-h <'ontains the kuiu-

ninl.'.
frumV.
wr alMtf
...i-
\
,
: .

II
,
, I

i:,.,
A. lit < ' I

mury of the varioun delmjod urlieleH. 3. In a gciuTul notion by ahHtraelln^ fr'oni parlicnIarH in the
niauni-r aforcHaid. Which two limt are the proper accep-
pbftr.t *i dry jiowder pn-purfil from a drug hy
t
,t-
tations o[ abiftractinn.
(ThU I* ^n ^' iirl'.l ').-. .. mmU ( tlx- ...>>.-<. 1m>' digeHtiug it with Huitaldt s<dventH, and evnp- Jtrrh'h'if, Prhi. of llmnan Knowl., Int., 1[ 10.
Unn "' .'. -I oraliiij; the stdution ho ulilnined lo r<nipl<'io Tho active nu'utal proeess by which concepts aic formeil
abrtract ' 't. tr%kt> /< r^ndw. [<}i,afffifrfictujr,
<ir\iM -,. ..1 u |,,w IcmiMnMm-e (122 K.).
In commonly f^ald to fall Into three Htages, comparlHon,

pp. ' f" r, f_ ,-, \^ ,1 |d|iIO-

II \n nlnttracti-ii,and geru-r^ltzation. When (liirig aro
. . .

1^^ III the druL' '[ (he lluld oxlraui. ami widely utilik le another, as for cvaniple iliibivut fruits,
HOplii it inn <f iir. rtt t^ Hirong itiMinru.
ft'' .(. th'' an a Rlruwbcti>, a peach, anri ho on. we nniKt, In order to
dfoi^.^ -,.j X. '* ivr-l uplift from 4. >Y (liuMn^'uo ; an inventftry, [Itnro.] note the rcHcnildancv, turn the lulnd awa> from the dllfciv
 ; :

abstraction 26 abthanage
ences of form, colour, etc. Tliis is the dlfflcult part of the ner unconnected vrith anything else in or by ; possible: as, that the whole is less than the
operJitiun. Grtjiit ditterences art apt to impress the iniiKi,
its(!lf: as, matter /w<r((% coii.sidered. sum of its parts is an absurd proposition; an.
and it requu-os a spt-cial eUort to turn aside from tlieni
and to Iceep tlie mind dirt-cti-'d to the underlying similarity. abstractness (ali'strakt-nes), n. The state or absurd hypothesis.
This clfort is known as aU^lractiun. being abstract; a state of being in
quiility oi It would be absurd to measure with a variable stan-
Sully, Outlines of Psyuhology, ix.
contemplation only, or not connected with any dard. II. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 44.
This was an age of vision antl mystery and every work
; object as, " the abstractness of the ideas them- : = Sya. Absurd, Silly, Foolisli, Stupid, Irrational, Un-
was believed to contain a doulile or secondary meanint,'. selves," Locl;e, Iluinau Understanding. reasoruible, Preposteroiui, inj'utuate<l, ridiculous, non-
Nothing escaped this eccentric spirit of refinement and sensical, senseless, incongi'uous, unwise, ill-judged, ill-
abstraction. T. Warton, Hist. Eng. Poetry. abstrahent (ab'stra-hent), a. [<L. abstra- advised, (^tie foolisli. ) Foolisli, absurd, and f/rcposterous
/(P(/-).v, ppr. of ai'slraherc, draw away: see imply a contradiction of common sense, rising in degree
3. A
concept whicli is the product of an ab- abstract, v.'] Abstract, as concepts ; abstract- irom.l'iiolisft, which is commonly apiilied where the con-
stracting process; a metaphysical concept; tradiction i.s small or trivial. That which is foolish, is-
.
ing from unessential elements.
hence, often, an iilca which cannot lead to any abstrich (ab'stiik G. pron. iip'strieh), . [G., characterized by weakness of mind, and provokes our
;
contenipt. That whicli is silly is still weaker, and more
practical result; a theoretical, impracticable < abstrciclicn, wipe off : S(!e ojf and strUcc.~\ Lit- conti-ruptible in its lack of sense; ttilly is the extreme in
notion; a formality; a fiction of metaphysics. erally, that which is cleaned or scraped off. that direction. That which is absurd does not directly
Ariel, delicate as an ff/js(mc(to/t of the dawn and vesper Teclinieally, in metal., the dark-brown material wliieli suggest weakness of mind, but it is glaringly opposed to
sunlight, llies around the shipwrecked men to console appears on the surface of lead in a cupeling-furnace, and common sense and reason as, that athing should be un-
:

them. A. U. Welsh, Eng. Lit., I. 388. becomes pure litharge as the process goes on. Abzwj is a equal to itself is al>surd. That which is jrreposterous ia
nearl>- cijiiivalent term. the height of absurdity, an absurdity as conspieuoiLs a
Tangents, sines, and cosines are not tilings found iso-
getting a tiling wrong side before; it excites amazement
lated in Nature, but, because they are alj.^tractionti from abstrictedt (ab-strik'ted), a. [< L. as if "ab- tliat any onesliould be capable of such an extreme of foolish-
realities, tliey are applicable to Nature. strictiis, pp. of "abstringere: see abstrlnge and ness. That wliieh is irrational is contrary to reason, but
a. H. Lewes, Probs. of Life and Mind, I. i. 71. Unbound; loosened. Bailey.
strict.'] not especially to common sense. Unreasonable is more
The arid abstractions of the schoolmen were succeeded abstriction (ab-strik'shgn), n. [< L. as if *ab- often used of the relation of men to each other; it implies
by the fanciful visions of the occult philosophers. less discredit to the understanding, but more to the will,
strictin{n-), (.'abstrictK.s, pp.: see ahsirictcd.']
/. S'lsraeli, .\men. of Lit., IL 285. indicating an unwillingness to confin-m to reason. Irra-
1. The act of mibinding or loosening. [Obso- tional ideas, conclusions ; unreasomiblcAemnwA?,, assump-
4. Inattention to present objects ; the state of
being engrossed with any matter to the e.xclu- formation
lete and rare.] 2. In bot., a method of cell- tions, people. An infatuated person is .so possessed by a
misleading idea or passion that his thoughts and conduct
in some of the lower cryptogams,
sion of everything else ; absence of mind as, : are controlled by it and turned into folly. He who is
differing from ordinary cell-division in the oe-
a fit of abstraction. stupid appears to have little intelligence ; that which is
ciuTonee of a decided constriction of the walls stupid is that which would bo natural in a person whose
Keep your hoods about the face at the place of di\T.sion. powers of reasoning are defective or suspended.
They do so that affect abstraction here.
Tennyson, Princess, ii. abstringet (ab-stiinj'), v. t. [< L. as if "ah- 'Tis a fault to heaven,
strinyere, bind see + A fault against the dead, a fault to nature,
The tank was nearly five feet deep, and on several occa- strini/ere, < abs, from, :

To reason most absurd. Sliak., Hamlet, i. 2.

sions I narrowly escaped an involuntary bath as I entered stringriit.J To unbind.
my room in moments of abstraction. From most sill^/ novels we can
at least extract a laugh ;
abstrude (ab-strod'). '. ' pret. and pp. ab- ;
but those of the modern-antique school have a ponderous,
O'DoTiovan, Merv, xi.
stnided, ppr. abstruding. [< L. abstriidere, throw a leaden kind of fatuity, under which we groan.
5. In (listiUation, the separation of volatile away, conceal, < abs, away, -t- truilcrc, thrust, George Eliot, Silly Novels.
parts from those which are fi.\ed. it is chiefly push (=E. threaten, q. v.), remotely akin to E. How wayward is this foolish love Shah. T. G. of V., i. 2,
! ,

used with relation to a fluid tliat is repeatedly poured thrust, q. v. see also abstruse.] To thrust : A man who cannot write with wit on a proper subject;
upon any substance in a retort and distilled off, to change is dull and stupid. Addison, Spectator, No. 291.
its state or the nature of its composition. Abstraction away. Bailey; Johnson.
from singulars but not from matter, in the Scutist abstruse (ab-strijs'), a. [< L. alisirusus, hid- The brave man is not he who feels no fear,
logic, thr di'MV^-e of abstraction required to form sudi den, concealed, pp. of abstrudere, conceal, For that were stupid and irrational.
a concept as that of a white man, where we cease to Joanna Baillie, Basil.
thrust away: see abstrude.'] If. Withdrawn She entertained many unreasonable prejudices against
think of the individual man, but yet continue to attend
to the color, which is a material passion. Concrete from view out of the way concealed.
; ; him, before she was acquainted with his personal worth.
abstraction, ^ame as partial ab.stracticn.'Drnsiwe ab- Hidden in the most abstruse dungeons of Barbary. Addison.
straction. Same as neyative abstraction. Formal ab- S/telton, tr. of Don QuLxote, I. iv. 15. Though the error be easily fallen into, it is manifestly
straction, the mental act of abstraction, as distinguished preimsterous. Is. Taylor.
from tile resulting concept. Intentional abstraction, 2. Kemote from comprehension; difficult to
The people are so infatuated that, if a cow falls sick, it
mental alistraction separation in fbouulit. Logical ab-
; be apprehended or imderstood profound oc- ;
;
is ten to one but an old woman is clapt up in prison for it.
straction, that process of ab.str;uti\i' Ihoiiulit \\ hiiji pro- cult esoteric opposed to obvious.
; :
Addison, Travels in Italy.
duces a general concept. Mathematical abstraction,
the act of thinking away color, etc., so as t^ gain I'ure ge- It must be still confessed that there are some mys- An unreasonable person or thing; one
II. n.
teries in religion, both natural and revealed, as well as
ometrical conceptions. Metaphysical abstraction, a
some abstruse points in philosophy, wherein the wise as
who or that which is characterized by unrea-
process of abstraction carried furtlier tliau tlie niatliemati-
well as the unwise must be content with obscure ideas. sonableness; an absurdity. [Rare.]
cal. Minor abstraction, a kind of abstraction involved
in .'sensuous pereepti according to the Thomists. Neg- Watts, Logic, iii. 4. This arch absurd, that wit and fool delights.
ative abstraction, separation of one concept from an- Pope, Dunciad, i. 221.
The higher heathen religions, like the Egyptian religion,
other in the sense of denying one of the other. Objec- Brahnianism, and Buddhism, are essentially ahstnisc, and absurdity (ab-ser'di-ti), . ; pi. absurdities (-tiz).
tive abstraction, tlie cnncept produced by the act of ab-
stracting.- Partiatl abstraction, the imagining of some
only capalile of being intelligently apprehended by specu-
lative intellects. Faitlis of the World, p. 349.
=
l=V. absurdite Sp. ab.<iurdidad 'Pg. absurdi- =
sensible thing deprived of some extensive part, as a man dadc=: It. assurditd, < L. absurdita{t-)s, absur-
witliout a head.
Physical abstraction, abstraction abstrusely
(ab-stros'li), adv. In an abstruse dity, < absurdus: see absurd.] 1. The state or
from singulars: that '.'rade of abstraction required in or recondite manner; in a manner not to be quality of being absm-d or inconsistent with
physics.- Precisive abstraction, the thinking of a part easily understood. ob\aous truth, reason, or sound judgment want ;
of a comi>le>; idea to tlir u.'^lert of the rest, but without
denying in tliouglit tliose predicates not thought of.
abstruseness (ab-stros'nes), n. The state or of rationality or common sense as, the absur- :

Real abstraction, the real separation of one thing from quality of being abstruse, or difficult to be mi- dity of superstition absurdity of conduct.
;

anotlii-r. as the (supposed) abstraction of the soul from the derstood difficulty of apprehension.
;
The absurdity involved in exacting an inexorable con-
boily in ecstasy.
abstrusion (ab-strii'zhon), n. [< L. abstrusio{H-), cealment from those who had nothing to reveal.
abstractional (abrstrak'shon-al), a. Pertain- a removing, a concealing, < abstrudere : see 06- De Quincey, Essenes, ii.
ing to abstraction. H. BiishncU. slnidc] The act of thrusting away. [Bare.] 2. That which is absurd an absui-d action,
;

abstractionist (ab-strak'shgn-ist), n. One who abstrusity (ab-stro'si-ti), n. pi. abstrusities ;

statement, argument, custom, etc. as, the :

occupies himself with abstractions an ideal- (-tiz). [<. abstruse + -ity.] Abstruseness that
;
; absurdities of men; your explanation involves
ist a dreamer.
;
which is abstruse. [Rare.] a gross absurdity.
The studious class are their own victims they are Matters of difficulty and such which were not without
. . And this absurdity for such it really is we see every
.

and spend their days and nights in dream-

abstractionist.^,
abstru.sitics. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., vii. 13. day people attending to the difficult science of matters
ing some dream. Emerson, Montaigne. where the plain practice they quite let slip.
absumet (ab-siim'), V. t.' [<L. absHmere, take M. Arnold, Literature and Dogma, xii.
abstractitiousf (ab-strak-tish'ns), a. [< L. as away, diminish, oonsiune, destroy, < ab, away, = Syn. 1. Absurdness, silliness, unreasonableness, self-
ii 'ah.'itractitiussee abstract, i-.] Abstracted
:
+ suincrc, take : see assume.] To bring to an contradiction, preposterousness, inconsistency, ^ee folly.
or drawn ft-om other substances, particularly end by a gradual waste; consume; destroy; absurdly (ab-serd'li), adv. In an absm-d man-
from vegetables, without fermentation. Buihij. cause to disappear. Boyle. ner; in a manner inconsistent with reason or
abstractive (ab-stmk'tiv), a. [= F. abstractif, absumptiont (ab-sump'shon), w. [< L. absump- obvious propriety.
< L. as if *ubstractini.i, < abstractits, pp. see :
tio{n-), a consuming, < absumerc, pp. absumptus, absurdness
(ab-serd'nes),?i. Same as absurdity.
1. Pertaining to abstraction;
abstract, r.]
consume: see ahsume.] Decline; disappear- abterminal (ab-ter'mi-nal), a. [< L. ab. from,
having the power or quality of abstracting. ance; destruction. + ierniiiius, end.] From the terminus or end
2. Pertaining to or of the nature of an abstract, applied to electric cirrrents which pass in a
The total defect or absumption of religion.
epitome, or summary.


3t. Abstraetitious. Bp. Gauden, Eccl. Aug. Susp. muscular fiber from its extremities toward its
Abstractive cognition, cognition of an object not as
present. absurd (ab-serd'), o. and n. l=:F. absurde center. =
lt. assurdo, <. h. absurdus, abthain, abthane
= (ab'than), n. [Sc. formerly
Sp. Pg.'ubsurdo
;

The names given in the schools to the immediate and also sjielled abthein, abthen, abthan, abbathain,
mediate cognitions were intuitive and abstractive, meaning harsh-soiuiding, inharmoniotis, absurd a word ;

etc. < JIL. abthania, an abbacy, < Gael, ab-

by tlie latter term, not merely what we with them call of disputed origin: either (1) 'out of tune,' < ab,
;

dhaiue, an abbacy. The origin of ML. abthania

abstract knowledge, but also the representations of con- away, from, + *surdus, soiuiding, from a root
crete objects in the imagination and memory. known, it came to Ijc regarded as
Sir W. Hamilton, Lectures on Metaph., found in Skt. \/ smr, sotmd, and in E. (Gr.) not being
surdus, in- the office or dignity of an imaginary abthanus,
+
.xxiii.
siren, q. v. or (l!) < ah- (intensive)
:

abstractively (ab-strak'tiv-U), adv. In an ab- distinct, dull, deaf, >E. surd, q. v.] I. a. 1.
a word invented by Fordun, itiid explained as
stractive manner in or by ahliiis, father (see
; itself ; abstractly. Being or acting contrary to common sense or 'superior thane,' as if < L.
sound judgment inconsistent with common abbot), + ML. thanus, E. thane] 1.
[Rare or obsolete.] -An abbacy
That life which abstractively is good, by accidents and ;
;

sense ridiculous nonsensical: as, an ateHn? (in the

;
early Scottish chm-ch). 2. Errone-
adherences may become unfortunate. statement absurd conduct an absurd fellow. ously, a superior thane.
; ;
Fclthayn, Kesolves, li. 186. abthainry, abthanrie (ab'than-ri), n. [Sc,
There was created in the minds of many of these en-
abstractiveness (ab-strak'tiv-nes), n. The thusiasts a pernicious and absurd association between
abthain, iibthant, + -ry.] 1. The territory and <
propcrtv or quality of being abstractive, intellectual power and moral depravity.
Macaulay, Moore's Byron.
jiuisdiction of an alibot; an abbacy. 2. En-o-
[liare.] neously. the jurisdiction of the supposed ab-
abstractly (ab'strakt-li), adv. In an abstract Specifically
2. In logic or philos., inconsis- thain. See abthain, 2.
manner or state ; absolutely in a state or man-
; tent with reason ; logically contradictory ; im- abthanage (ab'tha-naj), n. Same as abthainry.
 , ;;
: ;;

abncco 26 abut
abucco (a-buk'ko), n. [A native term.] A isthe wattled guan, Penelope abiirri or Aburria abuse under such restraints as are imposed by position
and education." C. J. Smith.
weight nearly equal to half a pound avoirdu- carunculata, of South America. Iteichenbach,
pois, used in Burma. 1853. abuseful (a-bus'ful), a. Using or practising
(a-ber'ton), i>rep. phr. as adv. or a. abuse abusive. [Rare or obsolete.]
abulia [NL.,
(a-bo'li-a), II. < Gr. a^ov?.ia, Ul- aburton ;

advisedness, thoughtlessness, < a3ov/.oc, ill-ad- [< ((S : "see burton.]

-I- biirton Xaut'., placed The names of hereticks and scbisinaticks.
abii.-<e/ul
Bp. Bartow, Heuiains, p. 397.
vised, thoughtless. < a- priv. -t- ioi'/-?;, advice, athwartships in the hold : said of casks.
counsel.] A
form of mental derangement iu abusable (a-bti'za-bl), a. [< abuse + -able.] abuser (.^-bii'zer), n. 1. One who abuses, in
which volition is impaired or lost. Also written L'apalilc of being abused. speech or behavior ; one who deceives.
aboulia. abusaget (a-bu'zaj), Same as abuse. n. Next thou, th' abuser of thy prince's ear.
pret. and pp. abused, ppr. Sir J. Denham, Sophy.
abulomania (a-bo-lo-ma'ni-a), II. [NL., < Gr. abuse (a-biiz'), r.' f. ;
A ravisher.
a.iui'/',r. ill-ad\ised, 'thoughtless, /iavia, mad- + abusinff. [<ME. abusen, < OF. abuser (F. abu- 2.
ser), < ML. abusari, freq. of L. abiiti, pp. abusus, That vile abuser of young maidens.
ness.] Same as abulia. Also written aboulo- I'lctchcr, Kaitbful Sbep., v. 1.
maiiHi. use up, consume, misuse, abuse, < ah, from,
abumbral (ah-um'bral), a. Same as ahum- mis-, 4- uti, use see use, v.] 1. To use ill mis- abusiont (a-bii'zhon), )(. [< ME. abu.min, < OF.
: ;

br. far. use ; put to a wrong or bad use divert from abusiou = Pi: n6-i = Sp. abusiuii = J'g. abitsao ;

abmnbrellar (ab-um-brel'ar), a. [<L. 06, from, the proper use; misapply: as, to 6 use rights = It. abusione, < L. abusio{u-), misuse, in rhet.
+ NL. umbrella, the disk oi' aealephs.] Turned or pri\'ileges to abuse words. ;
catachresis, < oiH^f, pp. abiisiis, misuse: see
away from the imibrella or disk applied to :
They that use this world as not abusing it. 1 Cor. vii. 31. abuse, c] 1. Misuse; evil or corrupt usage;
the sm-face of the velum or marginal ridge of %aolatiou of right or propriety.
The highest proof of virtue is to possess boundless
medusie or sea-blubbers, and opposed to (idum- power without abusinff it. ilacaulay, Addison. Redress the abusions and exactions.
(which see). Act o.f Pari. No. x.\.\iii. (23 Hen. VIII.).
brellar 2. To do wrong to act injvmously toward; in- ;

abnna (a-bo'na), . [Ethiopie and Ai-. abu-na, Shame light on bim. that through so false illusion.
jure ; disgrace ; dishonor. Doth tunic the name of Souldiei-s to aintsion.
our father. Cif. a66a.] The head of the Chiis- I swear, 'tis better to be much abvs'd Spenser, .Mother Hub, Tale, 1. 220.
tiaii iliiuch in Abyssinia. See Ahijssinian. Than l>ut to knowt a little. Shale, Othello, iii. 3.

ME. abundance, 2. Reproachful or contumelious language ; in-

abundance (a-buu'dans), ?i. [< Poor soul, thy face is much abused with tears.
sult.
3. Deceit; illusion.
hubuiitlaunce, aboundancc (see ubouiidance), Shalf., R. and J., iv. 1.

<0F. abondance, <.h. abuiulaiitia, abimdance, 3. To ^^olate ; radish; defile. 4. To attack They speken of magic and abusion.
Chancer, Man of Law's Tale,
(.abuiulare, abound: see abound.'] 1. A copious with contumelious language re-sHe. 5. To ;

abusive (a-liii'siv), a. [= F. abusifz= Sp. Pg.

1. 110.

supply or quantity ; o vei'Howing plenteousness deceive ; impose on mislead. ;

unrestricted sufficiency strictly applicable to It. iihusini, < L. abuskus, misapplied, improper,
:
You are a great deal abjised iu too bold a persuasion.
quantity only, but sometimes used of nuuiber Sliali., Cymbeliue, 5.
iabuti, pp. abusus, tmaw&e see abuse, r.] 1. i.
:

iks, an abundance of corn, or of people ; to have Xor be with all these tempting words abused. Practising abuse; using liarsh words or ill
money in great abundance. i'oj'e, tr. of Ovid, Sappho to Phaou, G7. treatment: as, an h^h.v/ re author; an ((iK.sv'rc fel- 1.

By reason of the abinuiance of his horses their dust It concerns all who think it worth while to be in ear- low. 2. Characterized by or containing abuse;
shall cover thee. Ezek. xxW. 10. nest with their inunortal souls not to abuse themselves marked by contumely or ill use ; harsh ill- ;

with a false conlldence, a thing so easily taken up, a?id natured injurious.
2. Overflowing fullness or affluence ; repletion so hardly laid down. South.
;

amplitude of means or resources. misemploy,

An abusive, scurrilous stylo passes for satire, and a dull
-Syn. 1. To Abuse, Misuse, misapply, per-
scheme uf party notions is called tine writing.
Out of the abutuiance of the heart the mouth speaketh. vert, profane. Abuse and misuse are closely synonyninus Addison, Spectator, No. 12.^.
Mat. xii. 34. terms, but mi^tse conveys more paitictilaily the idea of
The abuitdance a continual fulness within
|of Chaucer) is using inappropriately, abuse that of treating injuriously. One from all Grub-street will my fame defend.
In general, abuse is the stronger word. Ami. more abusiix, calls bimself my frieiul.
the fixed limits of good taste ; that uf Langtauil is squan- J'i'pe, Prol. to Satires,!. 112.
dered in overflow. Loucll, Study W indows, p. '2tK). So a fool is one that hath lost bis wisdom, . not one . .

- Syn. Knihertnicf, Pro/ujtion, etc. (see 7^^e'n/y) ; plen- that wants reason, but abuses his reason. 3. Marked by or abuses; corrupt: as,
full of
teousness, plentifulne^. pk-nitucle, sufficiency, copious- Chamock, Attributes. an abusirc exercise of power.
nes-s, ampleness, luxuriance, .supply. See ajHuenee. From out the purple grape .\ very extensive and zealous party was formed [in
abundancyt (a-bun'dan-si), n. The state or Cru.shed the sweet poison of mi.\-iised wine. France I, which acquired the appellation uf tile Patriutic
ijuiility of being abuutlaut.
Milton, Cumus, 1. 47. paityj^ wlio, sensible of the abu.\-iiv government under
ME. 2. To maltreat, ill-use, injure. 4. To revile, reproach, which they lived, sighed for occasions of reforming it.
abundant (a-ljun'dant), a. [< abundant,
\ilify, rate, berate, vituperate, rail at. Jejjerson, Autobiog., p. 56.
hubiuidiint, abdundant, < OF. abondant, liiibnii-
[= F. abus 8p. Pg. It. =
duiit, < L. abundan(l-)>i, ppr. of abundurc, over-
abuse (a-bus').

4t. Misleading, or tending to mislead employed
;

L. abiisu.9, a using up, < abuti, pp. abu.tu.<!,

abii.so, <
by misuse improper.
flow: see abound.] 1. Plentiful; present iu
1. Ill use;
;
use up, misuse: see abuse, r.]
great quantity fully sufficient as, an abun- In describing these battles, I am, for distinction sake,
; :
improper treatment or emplojnuent applica- ;
necessitated to use the word Parliament improperly, ac-
dant supply.
tion to a wrong purpose improper use or ; cording to the abusive acception thereof for these latter
Thy (il/umtant goodness shall excuse application as, an abuse of our natural powers
: years. Fuller, Worthies, I. xviii.
Tills deadly blot iu tliy digressing sun.
Shak., Rich. 11., v. S. an abuse of civil riglits, or of religious privi- -Syn. 1 and 2. Insolent, insulting, ulTcnsive, scurrilous,
liliiild, icproacliftil, opprobrious, reviling.
The history our species is a history of tlie evils that
of leges; &tfsc of advantages afiHse of words. ;

have flowed from a source as tainted as it is abtmdant. Perverts l)est things abusi'vely (a-bu'si\-li), adv. 1. In an abusive
lirou'jhain. To worst abuse, or to their meanest use. manner; rudely; reproachfully. 2t. Improp-
2. Possessing in great quantity; copiously sup-
Milton, P. L., iv. 204. erly; by misuse.
having great plenty; abounding: fol- And thus be bore without abuse Words being carelessly and abnsiveUt lulmitted, and as
Jdied ;
The grand old name of gentleman.
owed bv inconstantly rctaineii. Glanville, Van. uf Dugniat., xvii.
in. Tenniison, In Memoriam, ex.
The lyjrd. abundant in goodness niul tnitli. abusiveness (a-Viu'siv-ncs), n. The quality of
.
A daring abuse of the liberty of conscience.
Kx. xxxiv.
Irving, Knickerbocker. abusive: riuloness of language, or vio- bciiii,'
Abundant definition. Seei/yiii^ion. Abundant num- lence to the person ill usage. ;

ber, in arith., a niutilier the sunt uf whoso aliquot parts 2. Ill treatment of a person injury insult ; ;

exceeds tht- nuiiilter itself. Thus, 12 is an abundant dishonor; especially, ill treatment in words; aliuttiuij.
abut (a-buf), r. )iret. an<l pp. abutted, ppr. ;

numl>er, for the .sum of its allipiut parts (1 -(- 2 -t- y -f 4 -f (1) [< ME. ahuttrii, (ilu)uteii, <.OV. abou-
contumelious language.
U 16. Is i\\ns distini:ulshcd from a in'rftxt number,
It lir, abultr, abut (F. abonter, join end to eiul), <
1. dark in light, exposed
which U
upial to tlie sum of all Its aliipiot parts, as a, to, + bout, hut, end; cf. OF. hulrr, F. Iwiiter,
l+Z-t-:i: HI,. liMiu I, il.ii.-i.iii number, which is To daily fraud, contempt, abuse, and wrong.
I

Millon, S. A., 1. 70. thrust, pusli, Initi sec butt^, Tlic mod. F. abou- :
gri-nl.T tlinii II Its iilic|Uot parts, as 14, which
'

U in-'iilir II tir, arrive at, tend to, eiul in, ilcpcnds in most
Syn. ri.ntitul, plenteous, co- 3. A comipt practice or custom an offense ; ;
pious, ani|,l' . lavish. ovirllowinK, ricli, lai-gc, of its senses upou bout, an end, though strictly
boTiMtiliii. I. imhu. .'^e aittjU^. a crime a fault as, the abuses of govern-
; :
it rejiri'scMts the OF. abouter, iu the sense of
(.Tt :it .

abundantly (ii-bun'dant-li), adv. Inaplentiful ment.

'thrust toward.'] I. intrans. 1. To touch at
'.r siiflicieiit dc(.Ti'c; fully; amply; pl-iilifully. The pour abuses of the time want countenance. the end; lie contiguous; join ut a border or
.S'Aa*-., 1 Hen. IV., I. 2.
abune (ii-t'<>n'; Scotch jiroii. a-biiii'j, inlr. inicl boundary; teriniuate; rest: with oh, iiiioii, or
]'rij). jfCiinlr. < MK. ahurcn, aboicn (pron. It abuses be not remedied, they will certainly increase.
aijaiust bel'iire llie object: ns, his land abuts
.iuift, A.lv. of Itelig.
a-li<i'vcn)j < A.S. dimfan : hoc above.] Above; Ujuni iiiine; the hn\\t\\u;z abuts ou the highway;
iK-yond ; in ii uTi-nt- 4. Violation ; defilement : as, self -n/ie. 5t.
the bridge abuts ai/iiiiist the solid rock.
fr or hiKhcr il. ! . Deception.
.

Whosf high ujireareil and abuttintj fronts

AK'i wrlttcii '
'

This Is a strange n&iue. bet's sec thy face. Tlie perilous, narrow ocean parts nsimder.
rH.-.,t,.|,.] .Shuk., M. tor M., v. 1.
Shak., lien. V., 1. (cllo.).

aburbe condita li Is It scunc iihiiKe.iir no such thing? ,Shak., llam.,iv. 7. .^team Is {'(mstantly issuing in jets froni the bottom of a
I-t' !. koii'ili -' small ravine-like hollow, which has no evil, and which
Abuse of dlatreflfl, in taw, UKf of an nnlinal or chattel
nttutH ai.iain.Kt a range uf (nicliytic nuumliiiiis.
[L. ; lit., from iL distralneil. wlilib iiiakes the disliiiimr liable to prosnii-
liurwiii, (b'lil. ohscrvations, 1. 2.
city r<iiin<lod : rl,. tlon as lor wrongful n|>proprhitl.ih. Abuse Of process,
lii/<ii/', (fillntentlcjiial Irregubuily forllie)Mir]">cor gain- In the last resort all these questions of ])hysical specu-
frriiu ttrbr. nl-'
;
Ml).' an advantage over iini's "ipporHiil. 0) More com- lation abut uimn a metaphysical queslion.
urlift, city; Cm ily, the use of legal pn s (It may be In a manner iV. K. ('lijlard, beetures, I. 248.
f*'rn. pjt. of Clin-: i'.iir.allvreeular)foranlllegjil pin pose; a perverehinor the The Inslruus splendor of (he walls nluiltinq ti;om the
1:i\v. IIS making a tiiioliiii] comphilnt nu-n-ly to
{ml loK''<h"-r, eiitnli-
I

(irand I'aiml. I). It. Milrhill. lloiiml Together, 11.

..!.!. Ill 1.1 a ilebl, or ;,iit,, lily selling very valiui-
lnh.J IV.. rn tli vx'utlnnliioi.i. i.,i,,||ectalrining kimii.
I 2. In sliip-buiUlinii, same us bull^, "A.^ Abutting
fr>i)i. cily, !< '
perversion. )>t..t:iiiiit{on, primtltiillon. owner, an owner of' lumt wlili-li abuts or joins. Thus,
timt ,li.r.
''
x, luattreatiti. III. outrage; vituperation, Ihe owner of bind bounded by a bigbway or river or by n
..I tslon, ulnnder, obloi|U>.

.-.' ling, reviling, ii |.< tract of land lii'loiiglng to anotlu'i- iierson, Is saiil hi refor-
7,'.:i. I Ill'
(H4H' ./.,.,/,-., 4t,UM ,IM I luiri'd with IHIVWIIV Is eni-e to (be bitter to be all iiliiillnfi oirner. 'Die term
th"!; mure p< rsoiuil heim.^ ...nveyid In hanib and
iind loano, usually Iniplb's that the relative purls iictnally aii)oln,
iillv .

^hurrfm carumentati,. iiniH'eiiily tenns an, I dlctnUil l.> luiury (eellng nnil hitler but Is soiiii-llmcs loosely used tvillioiil lnil>l.\iiig more
I.'l . I .
lempiT, /uivr/irv Is more eoiiMu..ui\ iilnii'd nt clmnuter than close piovimlty. Abutting liower (in an iictlvo
or rondiiet, iitiil may lio ronvi'>..| In writing and In ir sense), llie ability of iiM iiblllmelit I., r. sist, the thrust or
Aburria ' .
n. [NL, ; (if 8. Amor. flUMi langllngi', and illctMWd by Irnllgnatlon nHalmtt wbnt strain of (lie tuib, gas. Iliild, etr pt< sslng or reacting
,

r.rigin.J litis uf LiiuiiR, of irliich the typo in In ItMiU blainuworlhy. It often, huwoviir, moans public against It Abuttll^ Jolut. Hce uf;u( incut, 2 (lij (2),
 :

abut 27 acacio
II. trims. To cause to terminate against or But nought that wanteth rest can long abv. dwelling among the oaks; Acley or Ackley,
Spenser, V. i.}., III. vii. 3.
in contiguity with ;
project, or cause to im- also Oakley [<AS. Acted'], literally, oak-lea.
pinge upon. Abyla (ab'i-lii), n. [NL. prob. after Abyla ac-. ; prefix, assimilated form of ad- before c A
Sometimes shortened to hut. (Ur. 'Ajil'X?/), a promontory in Africa opposite the and r/, as in accede, acquire, etc.; also an ac-
Abutilon (a-bu'ti-lon), i. [NL., < Ar. auhutilfm, liock of txibraltar.] A genus of calycophoran commodated form of other prefixes, as in c-
a name given by Avieenna to this or an allied oceanic hydrozbaus of the family Dipltyidic. rurse, aceloy, accumbcr, etc. See these words.
geims.] A genus of polypetalous plants, nat- (iuoy and Guimard. Also called Ahylcs. See -ac. [= F. -aq\w, <L. -ac-ns, Gr. -nKur: .see -ic]
ural order Malcaccu; including over 70 species cut under dipliysooid. An adjoctivc-suilix of Greek or Latin origin, as
distributed thi'ough the warmer regions of the abymet, ". Same as abysm. in cardiac, maniac, iliac, etc. It is alwa.vs pre-
globe. They are vilen very ornamental, and several abysmt (a-bizm'), n. [< OF. abisme (latcrabime, ceded by -i- and, like -ic, may take the addi-
species vcuonuin, iu^igne, etc.) are frequent
(.1. striatiiin, F. abinic) = Fr. ubiume =
Sp. Pg. abismo, < tional suflix -al.
in Some Indian species fur-
gardens and gi-eenhouses. ML. "abissimus, a superl. form of ML. ahin- A. C. An abbreriation of (1) Latin ante Chris-
nish tiller for ropes, and in Brazil the Howers of A.
escu-
h'ntum are used as a vegetable.
sus, < L. abyssus, an abyss: see abyss. The tum, before Christ, used in chronology in the
+ spelling abysm (with y instead of i) is sophisti- same sense as B. C. (2) army-corps.
abutment (a-but'ment),H. l<(ihiif -ment.'] 1.
cated, to bring it nearer the Greek.] A gulf acacia (a-ka'shiii), .
;

The state or condition of abutting. 2. That [= Sj). Pg. It. D. acacia

;

which abuts or borders on some- an abyss: as, ''the abysm of hell," Shak., A. G. acacie, <L. acacia, <Gr. (mania, a thorny=
thiugolse; the part abutting or and C, iii. 11. Egyjitian tree, the acacia, appar. reduplicated
abutted upon or against. Spe- =
abysmal (a-biz'mal), a. [(.abysm + -al; Sp. from *y/ ciK, seen in amc, a point, thorn, a/i;), a
cillcally
(a) Any body or surface de- fg. abismal.'] 1. t'ertaining to an abyss; bot- point, L. acutus, sharp, acns, needle, etc. see :

signed to resist the thrust or reaction tomless profoimd fathomless immeasurable, acute.'] 1. [cap.] Ageuusof shrubby or arbore-
;
; ;

of any material structure, -^-apor, gas,

or liiiiiitl that may press upon it; par-
ticularly, in (tirft., the piutiouof a pier
or otiier structure that receives the
thrust of an arch or vault in engin.,
Abutment.
let me hear thy voice through this deep and black ous plants, natm'al order Leguminosw, suborder
Abysmal night. Whittier, !My Soul and I. Mimosece, natives of the wann regions of both
The .Jews were struck dumb with abysmal ten-or.
. .
hemispheres, especially of Australia and Africa.
; Merimle, Hist. Rom., \. 410.
It numbers about 430 species, and is the largest genus of

nienfs
A, A, arcli.abut-
: B. , current-
the terminal mass of a bridge, usually
of masonry, which receives the thrust Specifically 2.
Pertaining to great depths in the order, excepting Astragalus. It is distinguished by
small regular flowers in globose heads or "cylindrical
or ice.abuttiients. of an arch or the end-weight of a truss: the ocean: thus, species of plants found only spikes, and very niimerous free stamens. The leaves are
in distinction from a pier, which car- at great depths are called abysmal species, and bipinnate, or in very many of the Australian species are
ries intermediate points; a stationary wedge, block, or also aliyxxal (which see). reduced to phyllodia, with their edges always vertical.
sui'face against which water, gas, or steam may react, as Several species are valuable for the gum which they
in a rotary pump or engine the lower part of a dock or
;
abysmally (a-biz'mal-i), adv. Unfathomabl}'.
bridge-pier designed to resist ice or cunents in a stream, George Eliot.
etc. .See bridge and impost. (Jt) In carp.: (1) The slioulder abyss (a-bis'), n. [<L. abyssus, ML. abissiis{'>
of a joiner's plane between which and the plane-liit the
Pg. It. abisso), a bottomless gulf, <6r. a(ivaaoQ,
wedge is driven. E. //. Knight. (2) Two pieces of wood
placed together with the grain of each at a right angle without bottom, <a-priv. + jSvaad^, depth, akin
with the other. Their meeting forms an abutting joint. to l^vdoc and /3afof, depth, < jdadbg, deep: see
Sometimes shortened to hutment. bathos.'] 1 A bottomless gulf any deep, im-
. ;

abutment -crane (a but'ment-kran), n. [< measurable space anything profound and un- ;

abutment +
crane, 2.] A hoisting-crane or der- fathomable, whether literally or figuratively;
rick used in build- specifically, hell the bottomless pit. ;

ing piers, tovrers, Some liiboured to fathom the abysses of metaphysical

chimneys, etc. It theology. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., iii.

stands at the edge of a

2. In her., the center of an escutcheon; the
I)latform restiugouthe
top of the work, and fesse-point.
may be gi'adually abyss (a-bis')> v. t. [< abyss, m.] To engulf.
raised as the work pro-
ceeds.
The drooping sea-weed hears, in night ahyssed.
Far and more far the wave's receding shocks.
abuttal (a-but'al), Lowell, Sea-weed.
n. That part of a
piece of land which abyssal Eelating to or like an
(a-bis'al), a. 1.
abuts on or is con- abyss; abysmal.
2. Inhabiting or belonging
tiguous to another; to the depths of the ocean: as, an abyssal mol-
lusk.
a boundary; line of
Both classes of animals, the pelagic and the abyssal,
contact: usedmost- . . .

possess tlie feature of phosphorescence.

ly in the plural. The American, V. 285.
abutter (a-but'er), Abutment-crane. Abyssal zone, in pkys. geog., the lowest of eight biolog-
// . <_)ue whose A, lattice post of building B, rolled
:
ical zones into which Professor E. Forbes divided the
property abuts I-beam ; C, wooden abutment fastened bottom of the -Egean sea when describing its plants and
to B; D, stay-bolt holding C. C to animals ; the zone furthest from the shore, and more than
as,the ahutters on beam B. 105 fathoms deep.
the street.
and n. [Also Abissine, Ahassine;
abutua (a-bu'tu-a), . The native Brazilian Abyssinet,
name of the root of a tall woody menisper- as a noun, usually in pi. Abyssiiies, etc., = F.
Acacia Aralrtca.
Abisinios = Pg. Abexiiis ML. Abyssins = Sp. ; <
maeeous climber, Chondrodendron iomentosum, The bark and pods are frequently used in tan-
Abissini, Abaxsini, Abyssinians (> Abissinia, exude.
known in eommei'ce tmder the Portuguese ning, and the aqueous extract of the wood of some Indian
name Abassinia, Abyssinia), < Abassia, < Ar. Ilabasha,
oi pareira brava (which see). Also called species forms the catechu of commerce. Many species
hutua. Abys.sinia, Ilubash, an Abyssinian, said to have furnish excellent timber, and many others |ire cultivated
[A more consistent spelling reference to the mixed composition of the peo- for ornament A. Farnesiana both for ornament and for
abuyt (a-bi'). I'- '
the perfume of its flowers.
ple, < habash, mixtiu-e. The natives call them-
of fli//l,
To pay the penalty
which is composed of o-l antl 6h(/.]
of.
selves Itiopyavan, their country Itiopia, i. e., 2. Aplant of the genus Acacia.
3. The popu-
Ethiopia.] Same as Abyssinian. lar name of several jjlants of other genera.
MTien a holy man ahnys so dearly such a slight frailty, The green-barked acacia of Arizona is Parkiiisonia Tor-
of a credulous nnstaking, what shall become of oiu- hei- Abyssinian (ab-i-sin'i-an), a. and h. [< Abys-
reyana. False and bastard acacia are names sometimes
nous and presumptuous sins ? sine (Abyssinia) -ian.} +
I. a. Belonging to applied to the locust-tree, liobinia Pseudacacia. The rose
Bp. Hall, .Seduced Prophet (Ord. JIS.). Abyssinia, a coimtry of eastern Africa, lying or bi-uitly acacia is Ilofnnia -Idspida. The name three-
abuzz, abuz (a-buz'), jjrq). pJir. as adr. or a. t/wrned acacia is sometimes given to the honey-locust, Gte-
to the south of Nubia, or to its inhabitants.
ditschia triacantha,
[<3, j))rj>.,on,+ 6H--, .] Buzzing; filled with II. " 1 A native or an inhabitant of Abys-
.
4. In med., the inspissated juice of several

.

buzzing sounds. sinia. Specifically 2. Amember of the Abys-

species of Acacia, popularly kno'wn as gum ara-
The court was all astir ami abuzz,
Dickens, Tale of Two Cities, ix.
sinian Church. This church was organized about the
middle of the fourth century by Frmnentius, a missionary
ble (which imder gum-).
see,
5. A name given
from Alexandria. In doctrine it is Monophysite (which by antiquaries to an object resembling a roll
abvacuationt (ab-vak-u-a'shon), n. [<L. ah, see). It observes the Jewish Sabbath together with the of cloth, seen in the hands of consuls and em-
ivova, + vacuatio{n-): seeahei]acuation.'\ Same Christian .Sunday, forbids eating the flesh of unclean perors of the Lower Emijire as represented on
as abevacuation. beasts, retains as an object of worship the model of a sa-
medals. It is supposed to have been unfurled by them
cred ark called the ark of Zion, practises a form of cir-
abvolation (ab-vo-la'shou), . [See ai-olation.'] cumcision."aiHl celebrates a yearly feast of lustration, at at festivals as a signal for the games to begin.
The act of flying from or away. [Rare.] which all the people are rebaptized. The Abyssinians Acacian (a-ka'shian), n. [The proper name
abylf (a-bi'), V. t. ; pret. and pp. abought or honor saints and but not images; crosses, but not
]iietin-es, Acacius, Gr. 'Ai:aKioc, is equiv. to Innocent, <Gr.
is accounted by them a saint
(ibied, ppr. ahying. [< ME. iihiint, abien, abyg- crucifixes. Pontius Pilate dxa/cof, innocent, guileless: see acaei/.} In eccles.
because he washed his hands of innocent blood. The
gcii, abuggen, etc. (pret. abougliic), <AS. dbyc- hist., a member of a sect or school of moderate
priests may be married men, but may not marry after or-
gini, pay for, buy off, < - bi/cgan, buy: see + dination. The aliuna, or head of the Abyssinian Church, Aiians of the fourth centujy, named Acacians
0-1 and huij.} To give or pay an equivalent is appointed by the ijatriarch of Alexandria. from their leader, Acacius, "bishop of Csesarea.
for pay the penalty of atone for suffer for. Some of the Acacians maintained that the .Son, though
;

-Also spelled abye and abuy.

;
abzug (ab'zog; G. pron. iip'tsoeh), n. [G., <
;
similar to the Father, was not the same others, that he
alKiehcn, draw off, <ab-, = E. off, -t- Ziehen, re-
;

was both distinct and dissimilar. As a body they Anally

Ye shul it decre abeye. Chancer, Doctor's Tale, 1. 100. lated to E. tiig and toicl.] In metal, the first accepted the >'icene doctrine.
My lord has most justly sent me to abye the conse- scum ax^pearing on the sm-face of lead in the acacia-tree (a-ka'shia-tre), n. A name some-
quences of a fault, of \vhicii he is as innocent as a sleeping cupel. Nearly equivalent to ahstrich (which times applied to the false acacia or locust-tree,
man's dreams can be of a waking man's actions. see). Eobinia Fseudacacia.
Scott, Kenilworth, I. xv,
act, n [Early ME. ttc, < AS. dc, oak : see oak.'\
.
The acacin, acacine (ak'a-sin), . [< acacia + -in^,
aby^t (a-bi'), r. i. [A comipt form of ohidc'^, early form of oak, preserved (through the short- -ine-.] Gum araliie. Watt^.
througfi influence of <(i//l. Cf abided, suffer for,
. ening of the vowel before two consonants) in acacio (a-ka'shio), n. [A form of acajou, ap-
a corrupt form of c(i//l, through influence of certain place-names (whence surnames) as, par. a siinulation of acacia, witli which it has
:

abided, continue.] To hold out ; endure. Acttin [< AS. ActUn], literally, oak-to-wn, or no connection.] Same as acajou, 3.
 1 ;
: ,

28 acanthaceous
acacy
acacyf (ak'a-si), n. [< L. as if *acacia^ < Gr. [cap."] An Academic philosopher. 2. Amem- heterogeneous group now broken up or retained
o-pnv.
.

ber of or a student in an academy. in a much modified and restricted sense. See

aKaiSa, guiJelessness,< QxaKof, iimoeout, <
academy (a-kad'e-mi), H. ; pi. academies (-miz). Acaleph(V. The leading genem of Cuvierian acalepha
+ bad.]
(co/v'j;, Freedom from maiice.
Bailey.
Sy. Pg. academia = It. acca- were Medn.^a, Ciianea, Jihizontoma,
= Axtnma, Berve, and
Academe cak'a-dem), n. [<L. acudemia : see [<F. academic Ce.<tnni. coinposiui;: the Acalepha mmplicia. with Physalia,
acadcmii-'] 1. The giore and gyimiasium near demiii, < L. academhi, sometimes acadctnia, < Gr. Phiif^i'I'hora, and Diphyen, constituting the Acalepha htj-

Athenswhere Plato taught: the Academy; fig- 'AKadijuaa, less properly IKmdrjiiia, a plot of draslutfen.
^._

uratively, any plave of similar cliaracter. ground in the subiu'bs of Athens, < 'A^uiS'/uof, Acalephae (ak-a-le'fe), n. pi. [XL. (sing, aca-
L.Jc(/t"H(H.s, a reputed hero (&(if).] 1. [cap.] -
lejiliii
'"
\<,Gr.
>-- ^^'-'
-i^
aKah'ifi/, a nettle, also a mollusk
_i. i.
The softer Adams of your Academe.
Tennyson, rrincess, u. Originallv, a public pleasm-e-gi-omid of Athens, {Urtica nuiriini) which stings like a nettle.]
[?.<.] An academy a place for phil-
consecrated to Athene and other deities, con- A name given to a large number of marina
Henee 2. ;

taining a grove and gymnasium, where Plato animals included in the subkiugdom Coelente-
osophic and literary intercourse or instruction.
and his followers held theii- ijhilosophical con- ratd, and represented chiefly by the Alcdirndte
Nor hath lair Europe her vast hounds throughout
An academe of note- 1 found not out. Howell. ferences lience, Plato and his followers col- and their allies, iu popular language known as
;

Pertaining; to an
(ak-a-de'mi-al), a. lectively; the members of the school of Plato. sea-nettles, sea-blubbers, jelly-fish, etc. other
academial The Aeadenui. which lasted from Plato to Cicero, consisted forms once included under it :U'e the Dijscophora and Lucer-
acK.l.mv: academical. Johnson. [Bare.] of several distinct schools. Their number is v.^iously jmrafa (both in chuss llitdrozoa), and the Ctenvphora (in
academiant (ak-a-de'mi-an), n. Amember of an given. Cicero recognized only two, the old and the neiv class .Ictinozoti). The most typical of the Aealrjihcp, the
academy ; a student in a university or college. Academies, and this dirision has been generally adopted; Medusida', arc gelatinous, free-swimming animals, consist-
others, however, distinguish as many as five Academies. ing of an umbrella-sliaped disk containing canals which ra-
That new-discarded academian. diate froni the center, whence hangs the digestive cavity.
Margton^ Scourge of Vill., iL C. Had the poor vulgar rout only been almsed into such or urticatiug organs (see ncmatophorey
idolatrous superstitions, as to adore a marble or a golden All liavc tlircad-cells
academic (ak-a-dem'ik), a. anAn. [=F. aca- deity, it might not so much he wondered at ; but for the
which (liscliarge minute barbed structures, irritating the
dcmiqiie =
Si>. Pg. acadcmieo lt. accademico, = Academy io o^vn such a pai-adox,^ -tills was without eX' "" skill like tlie sling of a nettle hence the name of the gl'oup.
;

South, Sermons, 11. 245. acalephan (ak-a-le'fan), a. and . I, a. Per-

< L. (uadeniicus, < Gr. '.KKai^rifietKci^, pertaining to
case.

A superior school or institution of learning. taining to the Acalepha:

the '.UaSr/finta: see academy.'] I. a. 1. IcaiJ.] 2.
Pertaiuing to the Academy of Athens, or to Specifically (n) A school for instruction in a particular II. " aealeph. An
art or science as, a miUtary or naval academy. (Ij) In acalephe (ak'a-lef ), n. See acaleph.
Plato and his followers, from his having taught
:

the Vnited States, a school or seminary holding a rank

there: as, the Academic groves; the Academic
acalenhold (ak-a-le'foid), 0. [<Gr. hKalljipJ), a
between a nnivereityor college and an elementary school. '',,*;, form! Like an ac-ileiih or 1
school or philosophy. 2. Pertaining to an ad- 3. An association of adepts for the promotion
-;^,^t'^;; .-..C,,-

^^;^ ^^-^}^ than /Xf

vanced institution "of learning, as a college, a of Uteratui-e, science, or art, established some- ;;;';^"f)- i^ ,?fUnT
acalycal (a-kal i-l^al),. [< Gr. a- priv. -f Kfil^iif,
university, or an academy; relating to or con- times by government, and sometimes by the
inserted on the recep-
nected with higher education: in this and the voluntary union of private indi\-iduals. The mem- ^ -V^ ., i 'Iji -l,'^
tacle without adhesion to the calyx said of
taele :
following senses often, and in the third gener- beiTTcademicians), wllo are usually divided into ordinary,
honorary, and corresponding members, either select their stamens.
ally, wiittea academical : as, acarftiHic studies;
own departments or follow those prescribed by the consti- acalvclne (a-kal'i-sin), (7. [< Gr. a-priv. + KO/tuf
an academical degree. tution of the society, and at regular meetings communicate t +
./,,,. .^ cup, -tliel see fO^tfX.I In 6of., :

Tliese pro<lucts of dreaming indolence ... no more the results of their labors in papers, of which the more ini-
'' ,,.''
: '
,
"n itliout a calj X.
constituted a literature than a succession of academic portant are afterwiird printed. Among the most noted in-
studies from the pupils of a royal institution can consti- stitutions of this name are the five academies composing aCalyCmOUS (ak-a-llS 1-nuS), a. bame as acaly-
tute a school of fine arts. De Qitincey, Style, iii. the National Institute of France (the French Academy, the ,.,,.

3. Pertaining,,
to that department
.
of a college .
^-.^l-^l^Ji^-'ijjf/e^demfo^Mo,^^^^
acalyculate (ak-a-lik;u^at), a. _ [<Gr. - priv.
or imiversitv which is concerned with classi- ences, and the Academy of Sciences), the Royal Academy of + JsL.
i c<d!/ciilii.'i -n/Vl.] In l>oL, having no +
cal, mathematical, and general literary studies, Arts in London, tlie .4cademy of Sciences of Berlin, the Im- calveuliis or accessory calyx. X. E. D.
as distinguished from the professional and sci- perial .\cadeiuy of Sciences of St. Petersburg, the Xatiniial Aca'lyptratae (ak"a-lip-tra'te), n. pi. [NL.,
Academy of Sciencesiii Washington, etc. The chief ubj<it + NL.
Cahjptratw, q. v.] sec- A
entific departments; designed for general as of the French Acadeniv. as also of the celebrated Italian
<(ir. II- priv.
opposed to special instruction. [U. S.] 4. Of Academy della Crusca and of the Spanish Academy, is to tion of dipterous insects or flies, of the family
or pertauiin" to an academy or association of regulate and purify the vernacular tongue. Academy iluscido', which, with the exception of the
adepts mai-ked by or belonging to the char-
;
hoard a paper board, the surface of which is prepared Aiithminjida; are characterized by the absence
f..r drawing or painting. Academy figure, academy
acter or methods of such an acailemy; hence, or rudimentary condition of the tegulffi or
study, an academic sluily; a drawing or p,ainting of
conforming to set rides and traditions; specu- the human Hgure, especially of the nude, made for prac- memliranous scales above the halteres or pois-
lative; formal; conventional: as, academical tice only. See figure of academic proportions, under aca- ing-wiugs, whence the name : contrasted with
proceedings; an acarfHica( controversy; an c- demic. Cah/ptrata'.
acadialite(a-ka'di-al-it),i. l< Acadia (see Aca- acampsia (a-kamp'si-ii), . [NL., < Gr. aKa/xiiia,
ademic figure (in art).
dian) -\- -lite for -lith, < Gr. X/0of, stone.] In )/- iiitlcxibility, < iiMi//;r70f, unbent, rigid, < li- priv.
The tone of has always been the tone
Ix>rd Chesterfield
(;((/., a variety of chabazite (which see), usually Inflexibility of a joint. See
of our old aristocracy a tone of elegance and propriety, ; -(- /ia/(-r(5f,"bent.]
l>ove all things free from the stlflness of pedantry or acii- (if a reddish color, foimd in Nova Scotia.
aiiki/losi.s.
denue rigor. De Qiiincey, Style, i. Acadian (a-ka'di-an), a. and ii. [< Acadia, Lat-
" Is it acampsy as acampsia.
(a-kamp'si), ti. Same
For the (juestion is no longer the academic one :
inized form of Aciidic, the F. name of Nova acanaceoUS [< L. acan-os,
(ak-a-nii'shius), a.
wise togtve every man the ballot? " but rather the prac-
" Is it prmleiit to deprive whole classes of it Scotia.] I. n. Pertaining or relating to Acadia < (ir. oKoi-oc, a prickly shrub (< aicf;, a point;
tical one :

any longer?" Lowell, IJemocracy. or Nova Scotia Acadian faima, in soniieoii., the as- ef. aw'f, a point, prickle), -afcoM.s'.] In hot., +
semblage of animals or the sum of the animal life of the
Figure of academic proportions, in ])ainiin(i, a figure coast-waters of North America fioin l.abradiM- to Cape Cod.
armed with ]iricklcs: said of some rigid prickly
of a little less than half the natural size, such as It is the plants, as tlie pineapple.
ciutoiu for {lupils to draw from the antique and from life ; II. . A
native or an iiiliabitant of Acadia
a candelliere (a ka.i-del-h-a re). [It.: n. to,
also, a Ilu'iire ill an attitude rcsemliling those chosen by or Nova Scotia specifically, one of the original
Inatni '- " -I'llhsfrnm life, for the purpose of display-
;

French settlers of Acadia, or of the descendanl s Willi; caiid<llirrc =

E. chandelier.] In the style
ing form, and color to the best ailvan-
n, of a candlestick: said of arabesques of syra-
of tliose who were oxpeUed iu a body by the
1

idetnic jifjure, compotition, etc., is one

taiff
;.-. ciitionalorunspontaneous, and smacks English in 1755, many of whom formed com- mctrical form, having an upright central stem
whi' 1. ..,
of pnictice-wwrk r,r adherence to formulas and traditions. munities in Louisiana, then a French colony, or shaft.
n. n. 1. leap.]
_ _ One professed
_ to adliero who and have retained the name. Acanonia (ak-a-no'ni-ii), n. [NL. a fuller form ;

A formation uncertain.] Tho

to tlie pliihwojihy of Plato. 2. student in a acajoul (ak'a-zho), . [< F. acajou, It. acaijiu, Aeanalonia occurs ;

college or university as, " a young academic," : y^,, arajii, Sp'. acayoiha, also caoh'a, caohana, iiia tyiiical genus of tlie subfamily Aciinoniida.
.
HVif'j', Imp. of Mind. hogany prob. S. .. . -
Aiiier.] kind of mahogany, A'canoniida (ak ii-no-ni'i-dil), II. )>l. [NL.,
A.

academical (ak-a-dum'i-kal), a. and n. I.

;

the wood of Cidrcla fi.isilis: also applied to tlio < Acanonia

+ -ida.] In entoni,, one of tho thir-
tiaine lis iicadrinir, but verj' rare in sense 1. true mahogany and other similar woods. See teen
subfamilies into which tho family Fnliiori-
H. n. 1. A meinberot an aeadi'iny. 2. /)(. miihn<iany. da- (which se<0 has been divided. [The regular
form of the word as a subfamily-name would
In Ori'ttt Britain, the cap and gown worn by acajou- (ak'a-zhO), n. [Cf. F. iinix Wacajou,
the ofBcerH and students of a school or college. the cashew-nut, iicdjou A pommc,':, the casliew-
be Aeanoniinu.]
(a-kan'thjl), H.; pi. acanOuv (-the).
At flmt he i'uni{ht up his cap and gown, a^ tieiiigh he tree; confused with acajou'^, but a differi'iit acantha
were KoInK out. <Mi second thoughts, Iiuw-mt, ho
1. The [Nl,., <Gr. ('mavOa," a prickle, thorn, spine, a
word, E. prop, cashew: see cashtic'^.]
. . .

threw hU acfutrmirnU back on to the sofa.

7*. llnffhru, Tom lirowii at Jliigby, xlx. fniit of the tree Aiiacardium ocridenliile. See prickly iihint, a thorny tree, tho spine (of fish,
academically '^V:-a-<lem'i-knI-i), adv. Ill an cashrw-nitt, ca.shew-tirc.
2. A gum or resin ex-
Herpeiits, men), one of tho spinous processes
of the vertebra', < (ini/, a point. Cf. Aeanthii.i.]
tracted from the bark of Anacardium occidcn-
ji'-;ii|i-i(iieiil II. r ; US an academic, 1. Ill hill., a prickle. 2. In ::oiil.,i\. sjiino or
academician ':
mtritn, < NL, 'atnili
i
v-iiiif<li'an), h.
nuriitnutt, K\j. acadfinivn^:
[<F. araii/. talc.
acaleph (ak'a-lef), v. One of the Acalcphtr or
jiricUly fill. 3. In anal.: (n)t)no of the spinous
Also spelled aciilephc. pr< Kses of the vertebiie. (fc) Tho vertebral
sea-nettles.
Ht't' nrtiflrmir.]
'!
A no-iiibi'r nf nn ftcadeni\' *'v a
! ^' Par-
column as a whole. 4. [cii/i.] In cntom., a
!' .11
genus ftf ciileoiitevoiis iiiHccts.
i
! Miy iif
i.linvl- acanthabole, acanthabolus (a-kan'tha-bol,
.
\ iil(-aii-tliali'ii-lus), n.; pi. iieiinlhiiliiilr.i, acanthn-
hiili (-liolz, -li). Same as aciinlhohotus.
Acanthaceas (nk-ii-tlu"i'se-e), ' ?'' [NL.,
aca'l i
), Tlie mode
n.
< Aeiiiilhii.1 -acea\] + A
large natural onler
of gaiiiopetiiloiis plants, allied to the Scro/ihu-
..f '
.., nn ncHdeiiiy ; im
laiiiirea: They are herbaceous or nhnibliy, willi iippo-
IV I .
of )iiiifitlfig.
ulle leaves, Irregular llowera, and two or four stiiniens. and
Acad'' 1 1. , . [I'l.of nn/'/riHic] are of llltle 1 lonile value. .Several geiieni f.hmtiria
Acnle|iti^
Th.. I'. I'liitoiiism. 'I'ma cuvftri. Mtdma fflluemt. Aliliclandrn, Thindirriiia, etc.) arc very ornainciital ana
Acadcmi in), n. The il'iclrincH lire freijiient ill cultivation.

..f 111- .\ lii-nt; I'lafonisin. Acalepha (nU-ii-ld'fjl), n. ;i/. [NL., neiit. pi. 'if acanthaceous (aU-an-tha'shins), a. [< NL. ar-
acaderoi [< ariidrmy -it + 'iieiihphn.-, 11. Ij., <Gr. iih/ tjC,i, a nottlc, a sen iinthiiri n\ acaniha xa\i\ -iicroiiK.] 1. Armed
: t^t-o
II.

'

A,^\\,iirrndimiKla=i Tieltlei ('\. .\enlcphii'.] In <

'in'ior's ByBtem nf with prickles, as II iilant. 2. Belonging to the
I'g. acndcmuta, 1 pupil ma ridiiig-nchool.] 1, clasHiflculion, tho third cIuhs of liadiala, a order .-JcM)i(/icctt',' of tho type of the acanthus.
 , :

acanthse 29 acanthophorous
acanthse, Plural of aeanlha. have neither mouth nor alimentary canal, but rays of the pectoral and ventral fins developed
Acantharia (ak-an-tha'ri-ii), n. pi. [NL., < Gr. have recurved hooks on a retractile proboscis as spines. The chief family is Acanthodidic.
aaavlla, a tlioni, sjjine.] An order of radiola- at the anterior end of the body, by whicli they Acanthoganoidei (a-kan"th6-ga-uoi'de-i), n.
riaiis. See Rudiotwia. attach themselves to the tissues of animals. [NL., < Gr. dmvBa, spine, -1- yuvoi:, luster,
jil.

acantharian (ak-an-tha'ri-an), a. and n. I. a. Tiicse entozoiuis belon;^ to the clnmNeniatflinint/ia. The +

form: see ganoid.] A superorder of
uAor,
emliryo.^ ;ire greyjiriiiii-hke, aiul become encysted as in Ces-
Of or pertaining to tlie Amiitharia. extinct paleozoic fishes, consisting only of the
tmla, in whicli state tliey are swallowed by various ani-
II. II. One of t\x& Acantharia. mals, in the bodies of which they arc developed. A spe- order Acantliodoidea.
Acanthia (a-kan'tlii-ji), . [NL., < Gr. aaavda, a cies occurs in the liver ot the cat, and another in the ali- Acantboglossus (a-kan-tho-glos'us), . [NL.,
spine, thorn.] A
genus of heteropterous he- mentary canal of the hii^. There are jdiout 100 species,
all referable to the family Ecfuiiofltifnehidai.
<Gr. aiiavHa, a thorn, -1- yTtUGna, a tongue.] A
mipterous insects. Fahricliis. The name is usecUiy genus of aculeated monotrematous ant-eaters
some as syaonymous witli Sidtla, by others with Cimex. The Amnthoccpliala nmlouhteilly present certain resem- of the fanaily Tuchyglosnidu:. It dilfers from Tarliy-
blances to the Ncniatoidea, and more particularly to the fllomiism the vertebral formula (which is cervical 7, dorsal
Acanthias (a-kan'thi-as), H. [NL., < Gr. ciuav- Gordiacea, hut the fundamental dill'erences in the struc-
17, lumbar -1, sacral 3, caudal 12), in having ungual pha-
Oia^, a kind of sliark, prob. Sgiialus acanthias, ture ot the muscular ami nervous systems, and in that of langes and claws only on the three middle digits of e.ach
the rcproiluctive oritans, are so great that it is impossible
< aaavBa, a thorn, prieklo.] genus of sharks, A to regard tliem :is Nematnids which have undergone a rc-
foot, in the much-lengthened and decurved snout, and in
the spatnlatc tongue with three rows of recurveil spines.
containing sueli as the dogfish, A. vulgaris, type trogressiM: metamorphosis.
The type and only species is A. bruijni, lately discovered
of the family Acanthiida;. Huxlaj, .\nat. Invert., p. 653.
in New Guinea. The generic name is antedated by Za^
acanthichthyosis (ak-an-thik-thi.-6'sis), n. acanthocephalan (a-kan-tho-sef'a-lan), n. One (jlomux of Gill. Gr.rrai-fi, 1877.
[NL., <Gr. aiMvtia, thorn, spine, + i;i;Sf, a fish, of the .[ciintliiiccjihala. acanthoid (a-kan'thoid), [< acantha, spine,
a.
+ -osis.'] In pathol., spinous fish-skin disease. Acanthocephali (a-kan-tho-sef'a-li), . pi. + -aid. a. Acanlhodcs.] Sjiiny; spinous.
See ichthyosis. Same as Acanilioccphala. Acanthoidea (ak-an-thoi'de-a), n. j}(. [NL.
Acanthiidae^ (ak-an-thl'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Acanthocephalina (a-kan-tho-sef-a-li'na), H. see acanthoid and Acanthodes.] In conch,, regu-
Acanthia + -ute.] In entom., a family of het- pi. Acaiithocephahis
\]>i\j. , i -ina,.'\ divi- + A lar Vh'itonidee, with insertion-plates sharp and
eropterous insects, taking name from the genus sion of hemipterous insects, of the superfamily gi-ooved externally, eaves fiuTowed beneath,
Acanthia. Also written Acanthidw. Corcnidca. and mucro posteriorlj' extended. Vail.
Acanthiidse^ (ak-an-tUi'i-de), 11. 111. [NL., < acanthocephalous (a-kan-tho-sef'.a-lus), a. acanthological (a-kan-tli6-lo,j'i-kal), a. [<
Acanthias + -iVfee.] In ichth., a family of sela- [<NL. iicaiithiirrjihahis, < Gr. dmvBa, a spine, -f- '"acanfliologij, < Gr. HmvOa, thorn, spine, +
'/oyiai
chians, taldug name from the genus Acanthias. laijia/J/, the bead.] 1. Having spines on the see -ologtj.] Of or pertaining to the study of
Also written Acanthidie, Acantftiadw. head.
2. Pertaining to the Acanthoccjihala. spines.
ACantMne (a-kan'thin), a. and n. [<L. ocaw- Acanthocephalus (a-kan-tho-sef 'a-lus), n. acantholysis (ak-an-thol'i-sis), n. [NL., <Gr.
thinus, < Gr. anavdtvor, thorny, made of aean- [NL. see acanthocephalous.]
: In entom., the amvBa, thorn, spine, +
/.vair, dissolution, < /.ijeiv,

tha-wood, < (tKavdoi;, braakursine, < amvda, a typical genus of the Acanthocephalina (which loose.] Li pathol., atrophy of the stratum spi-
thorn: see acantha. Acanthus.'] I. a. 1. Per- see). A. derMvis is a large bug of the extreme southern nosum (prickle-cells) of the epidermis.
taining to or resembling plants of the genus United States A. arcuata is another example ot this acanthoma (a-kan-tho'raii), n. ; pi. acanthoma-

;

Acanthus. 2. In arch., ornamented with acan- genus. ta (-ma-ta). [NL., < Gr. anavBa, thorn, spine, +
thus-leaves. acanthocladous (ak-an-thok'la-dus),
a. [< Gr. -oma. Ct. acanthosis.] In pathol., a neoplasm
II. n. In arch., a Met or other molding orna-
iiKiivBa, a spine, K'Aaitu;, a shoot, branch.] In + or tumor of the stratum spinosum of the ej^ider-
mented with the acanthus-leaf. Huchanan, hot., having siiiny branches. mis, which invades the corium a skin-cancer. ;

Diet. Sei. See cut under ^cfts. acanthoclinid (ak-an-thok'U-nid), n. [< Acan- Acanthometra (a-kan-tho-mefrii), n. [NL.,
Acanthis (a-kan'this), n. [NL., < Gr. OKavBlc, iliocliiiidic] One of the AcanthocUnidw. fern, of acanthoinetrus: see acanthometrous.'}
the goldiiiieh or the linnet, < amvda, a thorn, a Acanthoclinidae (a-kan-tho-ldin'i-de), n. pi. 1. The ty^ncal genus of the Acanthometridw.
thistle.] 1. A
genus of fi'ingilliiie bii-ds, con- [Nh.,<.Acantlioclinus -ida;.] In Giinther's + Mailer, 1855.
2. A
genus of dipterous insects.
taining the linnets or siskins, the goldfinches, system of classification, a family of bleuniifonn Acanthometrae (a-kan-tho-met're), n.pl. [NL.,
and also the redpolls. Bechstcin, 1803. [Now acanthopterygian fishes, having numerous anal pi. ot Acanthometra.] A
suborder of acantha-
little used.] 2. A
genus of bivalve mollusks. spines. Only one genus, Acantltoclinus, is known; it is
peculiar to the PaciBo ocean, the typical species, A. lit-
rian radiolariaus, whose skeleton is composed
ficrres, 1816. merely of radial spicules, and does not fonn a
tonms, being found- in Xew Zealand.
Acanthisittidae (a-kan-thi-sit'i-de), m.^jZ. [NL., AcanthoclinuS (a-kan-tho-kli'nus), n. [NL.,
fenestrated shell. Ilaechel.
(.Acantliisitta, the typical genus (<Gr. anavSig,
< Gr. aKavlla, a s])ine,+ NL. clinus, a blennioid Acanthometrida (a-kan-tho-met'ri-da), n. pi.
the goldfinch or the linnet, + cirT?;, the nut- A genxis of fishes represent- [NL., < Acantliometra + -ida.] In Mivart's sys-
fish see Clinus.']
hatch, Sitta europiea), -idw.'] + Same as Xeni-
ing the
:

family AcanthocUmidw (which see).

tem of classification, a division of radiolariaus
cidw. Jenyns, 1842.
having a well-developed radial skeleton, the
acanthite (a-kan'thit), [< Gr. aicavda, a thorn,
n. rays meeting in the center of the capsule, and
-I- -(7c2.] A mineral, a siilphid of silver hav- no test or shell-covering.
ing the same composition as argentite, but dif- Acanthometridse (a-kan-tho-met'ri-de), n. pi.
fering in crystalline form found at Freiberg, : [NL., < Acanthometra + -idee.] A
family of
Saxony. acantharians having the skeleton composed of
acantho-. The combining form of Greek amvda, 20 radial spicules, regidarl.y arranged accord-
thorn, meaning "thorn" or "thorny." ing to J. Miiller's law in 5 zones, each contain-
-acanthobolus (ak-an-thob'o-lus), n.; pi. acatv- ing 4 spicules. It consists of agi'oup of genera
thoboli (-li). [NL., less correctly acanthaiolus, of deep-sea foi-ms. Haeckel.
contr. acanthalus; also in E. and P. foi-m acan- j4{:an//tcc/iniis Itttoreiis. (From "ZoSlogyof the Beagle.") acanthometrous (a-kan-tho-met'rus), a. [<NL.
thobole, less QorveeiXy acanthdbolc ; < Gr. amvdo- acanthoinetrus, < Gr. amvBa, a thorn, spine, /ic- +
P6Xo^, a surgical instrument for extracting Tpov, measure.] Pertainingto the Jcon</iome^r<e.
acanthodean (ak-an-tho'de-an), a. Having the
faones, also lit., as adj., shooting thorns, prick- character of or pertaining to Acanthodes : as, Acanthomys (a-kan'tho-mis), 11. [NL., <6r.
ing, < aaavBa, a thorn, spine, jid'^.Xciv, throw.] + the acanthodean family of fishes acanthodean ;
aicavBa, spine, + pvs =
'E. mouse.] A
genus of
An instrument used for extracting splinters scales. Eflcrton, 1861_. Afi'ican murine rodents, having the fur mixed
from a wound. Formerly called volsella. Acanthodei (ak-an-tho'de-i), re.jjZ. [NL.: see with spines. li. P. Lesson.
Acanthobr anchiata ( a-kan" tho-bran g-ki-a ' ta) Acanthodes.] The name originally given by Acanthophis (a-kan'tho-fis), n. [NL., < Gr.
n.pl. [NL., < Gr. amvBa,t\iOi'-a, syuie, lipdyxm, + Agassiz to the famil.y-Jofl!MW(0(//rf; (which see). amvBa, a thorn, -t- o^(f, a sei-pent see ophidian.]
:

L. branchi(e, gills, -ote.] suborder of uu- + A Acanthodes (ak-an-tho'dez), . [NL., < Gr. A genus of venomous serpents, of the family
dibranchiate gas- amvBtJdiK, thorny, spinous, < amvBa, thorn, ElapidtB. They are of small size, live on drj' land, and
feed upon frogs, lizards, and other small animals. The
tropods with spi- spine, + f Mof, f oiin.] 1 The representative .

cules in the bases genus of the family Acanthodida: Agassis,

of the branchial 1833.
2. Agenusof crustaceans. 3. Agenus
tentacles. It in- of coleopterous insects. 4. A
genus of zoan-
cludes the fami- tbarian pol>i3S. DijbowsM, 1873.
lies Dorididm Acanthodidae (ak-an-thod'i-de), . pi. [NL.,
and Polyceridm < Acanthodes + -idee.] family of extinct A
(which see). M. fishes of the order Acanthodoidea, typified by
Sars. the genus Acanthodes. They had a compressed
acanthocarpous claviform body, posterior dorsal fins nearly opposite to
" (a-kan-tho-kar'- the anus, prolonged upper tail-lobe, and well-developed
spines in front of the fins. The only species known are
pus), . [< Gr. from the Devonian and Carboniferous foniiations. Also
aaavBa, a thorn, -l-
used by Huxley as a subordinal name for the Acantlio-
Kapitdq, fruit.] In doidca.
hot., having the Acanthodini (a-kan-tho-di'ni), n. 2>l. [NL.,
fruit covered < Acanthodes -ini.] + An
order of fossil ganoids
with spines. of the Devonian and Carboniferous periods,
AcantllOCephala Echinorhynchu? of the Flounder, illustpat connecting the ganoids and selachians, having Death-adder of Australia (Acanthophis antarctica'l.
(a-kaU-tll6-Sef '- '"S 'cntliocephala. a cartilaginous skeleton, heterocercal tail, small
rMT cliagi'^"""atic representation of the furnished with a horny spur at the end, whence
tail is
rhomboidal scales, and a fulei-um before each
-'''
o 1H^
lirlA), i>
It.
*/
pi. \_X\LJ., structure: a, proboscis; *. its stem ; fr, an- the generic name. A. antarctica, the death-adder of Aus-
neut.pl. oi. Clean- teriorenlargementof tlie body ;y. neck, or fin. It includes such genera as Acanthodes, tralia, has long immovable fangs, and is considered the
J, , ,
constriction between the foregoing and d.
WOCephalUS : see the rest of the body; ', posterior funnel; Chiracanthi/s, Diplacanthus, etc. most venomous reptile of that country.
ncanthocepha- '">'/<:"V '' s"P"'' owiqne tubular
bands; . inferior ituiscles of proboscis; /, Acanthodoidea (a-kan-tho-doi'de-a), n. pi. acanthophorous (ak-an-thot'o-rus), a. [<Gr.
T
WHS. J An order
, * 1
i, genitalia ;<>. jienis or vulva. 5, lower [NL.,< Acanthodes -oidca.] + An
order of ex- dmvBoijidpoc, bearing spines or prickles, < amvOa,
Ot nr/\,rvi
r^f WOnn-ilkei;i^rv
m- ^^^^ ^
;.-. extremity of Stem of the proboscis : ir, gan-
*,\ascular space ; c. inner waif; a.
. tinct fishes of the ganoid series, with a cartilagi- a spine or prickle, -<p6poc, < <pipeiv E. fceori.] + =
terillll pariisites outer coat; , tubular band, wth the nerve; nous caudal fin, shagreen-
skrli-ton, heterocercal Having or producing spines or prickles. Also
"'""'' ^' ^"^p^^""""" "'
or entozoa, which gi4aTa.""" like scales, no opercular bones, and the external spelled acaniliopherous.
 1 . ,
+;;

Acanthopbractse 30 acatalectlc

Acanthophractae (a-kan-tho-frak'te), n, pj. acanthnrid (ak-an-thti'rid), J!. A

the acariasis (ak-.a-ri'a-sis), 11.
fish of [XL., <.Aenrm +
[NL., (.iiT.aKavOa, a thorn, + 9/jaA.rof, included, familv Acanthuridec. -j.s7's.] skin-disease caused by an acarian A
verbal adj. of ipa/rcm; fence in. inclose.] A Acanthuridae (ak-an-thu'ri-de), v. pi. [XL., parasite.
suborder of acajithai-ian radiolariaus, having a <. Aciiiithiinis + -idic] A
family of acantlio- acaricide (a-kar'i-sid), H. [< Acanis L. -cida, +
skeleton of 20 radial spicules regnlarly grouped pterygian fishes typified by the a Idller, < etrderc, kill. Cf luiiiiieide, jiarricide, .

according to J. Miiller's law, and a fenestrated genus Acantliunis, to which va- matrieide.] substance that destroys mites. A
or solid shell arovmd the central capsule formed rious limits have been ascribed. acarid (ak'a-rid), n. [< Aearida.] One of the
bv connected transverse processes. See Ttuthididtc. Aearida ; a mite.
AcanthurUS (ak-an-thii'nis), Aearida (a-kar'i-dji), n. pi. [XL., < Acarus
acanthopod (a-kan'tho-pod), n. andn. [KAcaii-
thnpoda.] I. a. Having spiny feet. n. [XL., < Gr. oKai-Ba, spine, -ida.] +
An order of tho class .Jrac/iiiiVfo, in-
1. The repre- cluding those insects, as the mites, ticks, itch-
II. H. An animal with spiny feet ; one of the
-t- oi'fMi, tail.]
Avaii'linpudij. sentative genus of the fami- insects, etc., which are without a detiuite line
Acanthopoda (ak-an-thop'o-da), n.pl. [NL., ly Acaittliurida;, characterized of demarkatiou between the imsegmeiited ab-
<t.ir. a spiue, + -o.'f (-(!-)
ami-.la, E./oof.] = by spines on domen and the eephalothorax, the head, thorax,
In LatreiUe's system of classification, a gi-oup the sides ajid abdomen appearing united in one. They
are with or without eyes the mouth is either suctorial or
of cla\-icom beetles, the first tribe of the second of the taU, ;

masticatory the respiration is either tracheal or dermal

section of Clavicornes, with broad flattened feet whence the and the legs are 8 in number in the adult and in the
;

beset outside with spines, short 4-joiuted tarsi, name. The
species are nu-
depressed body, dilated prostemum, and curved Leaf of Acanthus
sfincsus. merous in the
11-jointed antennai longer than the head. The tropical seas,
group i.-orreS]H>iul3 to the germs Ileterucerus of Bosc. and are popularly known as doc-
The^e iiisctts liiiiTow in the ground near water. tors, surgeons, suracon-flslies, bar-
acanthoptere (ak-an-thop'ter), H. [See Jcan- bers, etc. Synoni inous with Ten-
thujitfri.} One of the Acantliuptcri. r/..
AcanthoptPri (ak-an-thop'te-n), n.jiJ. [XL., 2. A genus of reptiles. Dau-
\<\. ot (leiiiiiliopterus: see acanihopterous.'] Same diit. 3. A genus of coleop-
as Acantliojitcrtjijii (h). terous insects. Eirb;/, 1827.
acanthopterous (ak-an-thop'te-ms), a. [<NL. Acanthus (a-kan'thus), n.
aaiiitliopterus, < Gr. amvda, a spine, + Trrepdv, a [L. (> Sp. It. aeaiifo Pg.
vdag, =
E. feather.'] 1. Spiny-winged, as the acanllio =
F. acantkc), < Gr.
young, being in some cases terminated by suckers, in
others by There are several families of .icarida,
setje.
with nniuerous genera and species, mostly oviparous and
generally parasitic, but many are found in excrementi-
tious or decaying animal matter, or on plants, while some
are marine and others live in fresh water. Those which
live on plants are often very injurious to vegetation, and
frequently form a kind of gall, sometimes resendding a
fungus or a bird's nest, as the " witch-knot " of the birch,
caused by members of the genus Phytoptus. The garden-
mites {TruiiibitlHla-X including the harvest-tick (^Li'pttts
atitumimti^). tile spider-mites (Gaiiiasida'), and the wood-
mites {(h-ihati'la') live mostly upon \ ei:elalion. The true
= ticks (/.<'/M/(/)aItach themselves to the bodies of various
animals the water-mites
:

(H;iilninicliiii:lir) are, at
cassowary.
2. Having spiny tins; of the nature brankiu-sine, also a
iiKavOoe, least in part, parasitic up-
of the Aciiulliopttri or Acanthnpteri/iju ; acau- thorny Egj-ptian tree, < anav- on animals, such as aqua-
thopteryirious.
3. Having spines as, anaca/i- : da, athom: see acaiitlia.'] tic insects,
even mammals.
mollusks, and
The
thiijilrroii.-: tin. 1. In hot., a genus of tall cheese-mite, Ai'ants do-
acanthopterygian (a-kan'thop-te-rij'i-an), a. herbaceous plants of south- vicstu'u^; is typical of the
and H. I. a. Of or pertaining to the Acan- ern Europe and Africa, nat- faniil>' .1 airldie and of the
wliiilc order. The mange-
tliopterygii ; having the characters of the Aean- ural order Acantltaeca'. They Acanthus. Imioresctnce,
mile, Dfuwdrx foUirulo-
thopteri/gii. have largespinosely toothed leaves,
riiiii, t,\'pc oi the family
and are sometimes cultivated for the sake of their bcauti-
n. H. One of the Acanthopterygii ; a fish
ful foliage.
Ih'imHlicidiv, is found in
vrith spiny fins. tliL' scliaceous follicles vif

Acanthopterygii (a-kan'thop-te-rij'i-i), n. ph 2. [I. c] The common name

of plants of this man, as will as in the dog.
[XL., pi. of (laiiitliopleri/giii)!: see acanthoptc- genus.
3. In :ouL, a genus of crustaceans. The itchniitc, which bur-
rows into the skin, is the
rtjgious.] A large gi-oup of fishes to which vari- 4. [I.e.] Inarcli., Sairopti't neabiri, type of
a characteristic the fannly Sarcoptidfe.
ous limits and values have been assigned. The A Tick l^txodes ricifttis, female), il-
name was httruiluecd into systematic icluhydn^'y iiy Wil- oraameut derived The mites and ticks are lustTilUng structuic of Acariiia.
luj:hby and Kay, adopted by Artedi, ami hii-j;eiy used !y from or resem- also called collectively ,7. m.^iulibiil^r booklets c. book- I

BUhse^iuent natui-alists. (a) In t-'uvier's system of elussitl- .ictt n> lea aca rida utt, lets of sicrtial surface of proboscis
.

bling the con ven- .ii-nrhni, and .Momnnero- d, e. fourth, tliirvl. and second joints tt,
cation, the llrst order of tlshes, eharaeterized hy hard spiny of the palp:,/, base of the suctorial
rays in the dorsal tins, as the vonmion perch, bass, and tionalized foliage xuittalii. See cuts lunler proboscis;
EjLLi^' ->!k,S^J>^'' ^, stigma; h. {genital
mackerel; the spiny-finned llslies. (6) Tntiunther'ssystem 7r,n>huTin uT,!!!,; Arch^Tc'cr.. "^ ''jf^'PS of tho jhvr-mite, itch-mile, and aperture r. anal valves. ;

"lifinrttt-tic/c.
of chissifleation, an order of teleosts with part of the rays acanthus, used in
of the dorsal, anal, and ventral flns spiny, and the lower
capitals of the Corinthian and Composite or-
Acaridae (a-kar'i-de). n.pl. [NL., < .-(prtrKs
pharyngeals separate. The Last eharactcr eliminates the
ders, and in Roman, Byzantine, medieval, and
-(- -ida\] family of the order .learida (which A
labrids and several other families retainetl by Cuvier, but
see), including tho true mites, as tho cheese-
by (unther refeiTed to a special order Phariin'jtynntlii. Kenaissanco architecture generally, as upon See Acarus and
(c) In t;ill's system of classitlcation, a suborder of Ttilro-
mite, Acarus doiiiesticiis.
friezes, cornices, modillions, etc.
cejt/iati with ventrals thoracic or jugular (sometimes sup- eheive-iiiitc.
Acanthyllis (ak-an-thil'is), II. [<L. acanlhiiJ-
pressed), spines generally in the anterior portion of the (a-kar'i-dan\ a. and n. I. a. Of or
dorsal and anal fins and to the outer edges of the ventrals, lis, < Gr. tho ])endulous titmouse, acaridan
uKavOv'/.'/ir,
belonging to the Aearida or Aearida'.
nonnal symmetrical head, and pharyngeal bones either dim. of uKttvOiq, tlie goUUiiicli or linnet, < anuviln,
II, /(. One of the Aearida.
separate or united. The pediculate, hemibranchiate, and
opi-sthomous Hshea arc excluded as ditferent ordei-s, and
a tliorn: see aca" //'.] A
genus of Amorii-aii.
Acaridea (ak-a-rid'e-ii), II. pi. [NL., < Acarus
Indian, and Australian birds of the swift fanii ly
the l'':rce^or*'jt, liltefiiioptei'i, UUcocephali, Tamiosoini, and + -id-cii.] Same as .iearida.
as special suborders. Even thus limited, it
Xfiioitt'-r^rrii t'upselidce; the spine-tailed swifts, now usually
comprises more species than any other suborder or order Acarina (ak-a-ri'nil), ii.pl. [XL., < Jcnrws
referred to the genus Chivtnra. Usually written -liiii.']
of JNtc-s. The perch, bass, porgy, mackerel, and swordllsh S:inio its Aearida.
Aediillnilis. linii-. 1S12G.
are e\;tni[il'^.
(a-kan'ti-kon, -kon),
acarinosis (a-kar-i-no'sis), H. [Nli., < .Icarina
acanthopterygious (a-kan'thop-te-rij'i-us), a. acanticbne, acanticon n.
+ -D.sv.s. J A disease, as scabies, produced by
[<(,ir. u^'/, a point, + iivri, against, + kuvoi:, a
[< XL. iirrDitlinplcriigiiis, < Gr. aKaiUln, a thorn, a the presonce of a parasite belonging to the
npiiie, + -rr/iir/iov, the lin of a fish, dim. of nrj/'if, cone.] A
variety of epidote arendalito (which ;
Aearida, Xn- mites.
fin, < tttc/juv, a wing, = E. feather.']
see).
a wing, a acaroid (ak'a-roid), n.and ?;. [< NL. ,-lp(irH,
Having the characters of theAcanthoji'lirygii or a cappella, alia cappella (iioral'lii kii-pol'lfi).
<]. v., -I- -()('(/.] I. a. Of or pertaining to tho
[It. (/ (1j. (id), U>. according to; tdUt (=ii hi),
Hpiny-finncd fishes; belonging to thi) Acaiitlio- :

.learida; resembling the mites; mite-like.

totlie; eapjiellii, chuivli, cha)iel, chmvli luusi-
]ili riif/ii : iioiintliiipterygiari. Acaroid gum, a \v<l r-'sin that exudes from llu- tiiiuks of
ciaiis: see eliapel.] In the .stylo of church or the Australian grass-tree, .Xunlhurrhirn Imstilis, and other
Acailthorhini (a-k.in-tho-ri'ni), . pi [< Gr. Also called lUitaiiy Btty rc*'i".~ AcaTOld resln.
"' '
+ ('">, /"", noacT An ordinal
chapel music. Applied t.i compositions sung willioul species.
.

Insti'uniental accompaiument, or with an accompaniment .^amc as acaroid //umi.

nari by lionnparte, IHIJl, as a sub- as, a mass a ctij'iicUa.
I
in unison with the vocal part ;
II. . One of the Aearida ; a mite.
utiiir "v///io/rt (which see).
[<Gr. acarpelous (a-kiir'po-lus), . [<Gr. (1- priv.
Acanthorhynchus (a-kan-tho-ring'kns), . acapsular (a-kn|>'su-liir), a. (i- Jiriv. -I-
-(- earpil + -iiiis.] lu hot., lumng no carpels.
Withiiut a capsule.
{.NL.,<(ir. o\oi'i/i, ii thorn, + /u7;ror, snout.] 1.
idiisiili-.]
[NL.: SCO ucardiii.t.] Sitti. .S'oc. Lex.
A KcnuM (if .ViihUMliiin birds, of the family acardia (a-kilrMi-ii), .
In tiraldl., alisoiice of a heart. acarpous (a-kiir'pus), a. [< Gr. aunp-nr^, with-
Mrliphagiilii im.l -.iilifamily AIii:miwliiiir: so
fruit, < (1- priv. -f- mpmir, fruit: see carpel.]
called from tl :ii-iito bill. Tin' .^pi'- acardiac (a-kiir'di-ak). a. [< NL. aeardiaeiix, tnit

cien nro .(. f< /

A.suiiireiliiiniix. .1.
ad.j.,< (ir. (1- j.riv. +
An/jomMii ,< KdjuMn, the heart: Ill /loT, not producing fruit; sterile; barren.

liiiulil,\KXJ.
\

helminths. see "-! and rnrdiae.] Without a heart. Acarus (ak'a-rus), n. [XL., < (ir. iiuiipi, a kind
;
'if ItuHiiui,
nenrdidci of mite bred in wax, <.<ii(api/r, short, snmll, tiny;
|M.',(i. acardiacUS (nk-iir-di'ii-kus), II.; pi.
(-si). |NL. see iieiiiiliiic.'] In tiratnl., (hat jd'np. of hair, too short to be cut, < ii- priv.
a<:anth08iB (nk-ftii-h''i''(iM), . [NL., < Gr. imni: :

"o, fpiiii', + -<' " MIC npplic'd to any (lis- purniitic jiart of a double monster in which the + niinnv, cut, orig. ^GKiiptw=:Yj. .shear, ([. v.]
heart is absent ornidimentarv. /irrr/iii.'i( unmr. 1. Tlio typical genus of the family .leariilie, or
cnm- iilTi'i'ting
([iri'-kli'-collH)
],<

i'liiii.i.
Hirutiim Hpiuosiim
/'/iro< Is a Hluipi'Icss mass covered with skin, .irnrilinrim triio miles. 2. [I. c] tick or mite, without A
ii.-iirinuH hiis a head, while the thorax and atuhimen are ru- regard to its genus. [In this sense it may
Acanthoteuthi .-lu'thiB), n. [XI,., diuK-ntary. In arariliacii.t ni'riihitUtu the head is hickirig, have a plural form, aeari (ak'a-ri).]
< lir. ..I'lii. H
'/ 1 '
' , n S'luiii.] A giMiiiH till- thorax rn,ninentnry| and the jivlvlsnud pisterlor lirnbs

of fi.iml ipliiiln|,... :-.,., Welt ,li-vrlopcd. AeartllnriiM niirrpK hns a well-duvelopcd The acartiM (Myobia coarctnta) of the monsi-.
I ilio tam\\y llrlrmmliitir, Anat. Invert., p. 331.
chnrncf,'ri/od bv tho ii"
trunk anil rndimtintory head, llnd>s, ami Itearl. Iliixleii,
iiat ni'liin'^ntiirv (m-
(lili I i:,. acardius
(a-klir'di-UH), v.; ])1. arardii (il. acastt (a-kasf), r. t. [< MIO. ara.ilcii, akantrn,
for.. [.Nl,., < Or. HMi^id/of, williDiit a lienri, < "- priv. jip. iieatil, aliii.ll, throw awav, cast down, <a-l
rn k MifiMi, V,, h,nrt.\ + Snino a.s iieardiaeii.s. + (VMf) H, cast: see frt.v('.] 'l"o cast down; cast
Ihnilii.... ',{IH Ol.Jt I.
acarian (n-l(ft'ri-an),. [< .tenrim, i|. v.] Of .! <dT; I'Msl away.
Acantho^ the'kiX), n.pl. [NL., |ieilniniiig to tlio ordir .Iniridn; belonging In acatalectlc (a-kiit-a-lok'tik), a. and . [< L.
<0r. "- I.,.. m;, a onMc] Sniiio an or rcMeinbling tho j{('Iium .learns. aeiitalt elieus, also aeatah'etiis, <Gr. ii/,ni/l^?/(rof,
I'rnln^l'i I"i ,\ illon .liiinthnlhiri.
In wrtnc raw* of iienp. an urnrinn pariulto. called by
not. Hlopiting, < fl- ])riv. +
^hiiTi't'/.i/nrite, hdrdXr^KTi-

acanthoaii i<-kiin ti ), a, [<Or. *<iW/n, B Owen the bemoilex folllenlornni, Is presentlll tllo alTet ted leaving off, stopping: see calaleclic] I. a.
ii(,

apine: r<'<' nainlha ami -vim,] Spinouo. follW In. II. If. HichanUun. Prevent Mod., i>. 'J<il. In ])ron., not baiting short; complete; having
 acatalectic 31 accelerator
the complete Bumber
of syllables in the last the leaves are crowded into a radial tuft or reetion in^music, indicating that a passage is-
foot : as, an acatalectic verse. rosette, as in the dandelion. Also called acau- to bo played witii increasing ra^iidity.
II, )(. A
verse which has the complete num- losia. accelerate (ak-sel'c-rat), v. pret. and pp. ac-
;

ber of syllables in the last foot. acaulescent

(ak-a-les'ent), a. [< Gr. d- priv., celerated, ppr. accelerating. [< L. acceleratus,
acatalepsy (a-kat'a-lep-si), n. [<Gr. ciKaTalr/ipia, -l**, +
caulescent.] In hot., stemless. Applied pp. of accelerare, hasten, make luisto, < ad, to,
iucoiiiiirohensibility, < aKamh/irTot;, incompre- t( a jdant in which the stem is apparently absent.
forms :ire araidiiie, acaulose, and acanlous.
Other + cclcrarc, hasten, < celer, quick.] I, trans.
hensible, < u- priv. 4- KardAi/TTTo^, comprehensi- 1. To malce quicker; cause to move or advance-
acauline (a-ka'lin), a. [< NL. acaulis (see
ble, comprehended, seized: see catalepsy.'] 1. faster hasten add to the velocity of give a-
Incompx'ehousibility. A word much acaules)
used (in its
-JHfl.] +
Same as acaulescent. ; ;

higlicr rate of progress to as, to accelerate

:
;

Greek form) by the later Acatlemics and Slceptics (Carnea- acaulosia (ak-ii-lo'zi-ii), n. [NL., < acaa/osc .-

motion or the rate of motion; to accelerate the

des, Arcesilaus, etc.), who hekl that human Icnowledsc see acaulous.] Same as acaulescence.
transmission of intelligence to accelerate the-
never amounts to certainty, but only to probability, and acaulous, acaulose (a-ka'lus, -16s), a. [<NL. ;

who advocated a suspension of judpnent upon all ques- growtli of a plant, or the progress of know-
acaulis (< Gr. daavAor, without stalk, < d- priv.
tions, even upon the doctrine of acatalepsy itself. ledge.
2. In /(iff/., uncertainty in the diagnosis or +
Kavlur
L. caulis : see caulis, ancf of. .

Leave to the diamond its ages to grow, nor expect to-

acaules) + -ous, -ose.] Same as acaulescent.
prognosis of diseases. accclerate the births of the eternal.

acataleptic (a-kat-a-lep'tik), a. and . [<Gr. acc. An abbreviation (a) of according and ac- Emerson, Essays, 1st ser., p. 191.
aKaTu'Ati-Tv(i incomprehensible: see acatalcps;/.']
cordin;/ to ; (6) of accusative. 2. To bring nearer in time bring about, or ;

1. a. Incomprehensible not to bo knowii with acca

;
(ak'ii), )(. [Perhaps from AVlca (Aero) in Iielp to l)ring about, more speedily tluin would
Syria, as the seaport whence it was obtained.] otherwise have been the case: as, to accelerate
certainty.
II, n. One who believes that we can know
A rich figured sillc stuff, decorated with gold, the ruin of a government; to accelerate death
nothing with certainty. See acatalcpsij. used in tlie fourteenth centmy. Accelerated motion, in meek., that motion which con-
tinually rt-i-cive.s fi L--Ii aci.-essions of velocity. .See accelera-
All Skeptics and Pyrrhonians were called Acatalcptics.
accablet (a-ka'bl), v. t. [< F. accabler, over-
Fleming. whelm, crush; earlier, in pass, sense, be tion. AcceleTa,tmg force, the force which produces
an acci-Ierati-d motion, as gi-avity. Accelerating gim
[NL., Gr. crushed; <0F. -, ac- (< L. ad), to, + enable, a cannon having supplementary powder-chambers, de-
acataphasia (a-kat-a-fa'zi-a), n. <
a- priv. + imTafdvm, say yes, < Kara, hero in- cadalilc, < ML. cadabula, a catapult, < Gr. Ka-a- signed to be fired in turn, immediately after the main ex-

tensive, + (pd-vai = L. fa-7'i, say, spealc] lu Polij, a throwing down, < Karapd'A'Aeiv, throw
plosion, to accelerate the speed of the shot an accelerator.
= Syn. See list undev ijuiclcen, 3.
;

pathol., faultiness of syntax resulting from dis- down, < Kara, down, + lid'A7,.tw, to throw: see Il, intraiis. To become faster; increase in.
ease, as contrasted with the faulty use of indi- cablishajiA catapult.] To overwhelm; oppress;
speed.
vidual words. See aphasia. overburden.
acceleratedly (ak-sel'e-ra-ted-li), adv. In an
[NL., < Gr. d- Honours have no burden but thankfulness, which doth
acataposis (a-ka-tap'o-sis), n. rather raise men's spirits tlian aeral/te tllem or press tbeni accelerated or accelerating manner; with ac-
priv. + Kardnooi^, a gulping down, deglutition, down. Bacon, vi. 272. {Latham.) celeration or gradual increase of speed.
< KaTairiveiv, gulp down, < nard, dowai, + ttlvclv, (ak-sel-e-ra'shon), n. [<L. accele-
Accad (ak'ad), n. 1. A member of one of the acceleration
drink, TToaii;, a di'ink.] In x>aihol., diffierdty of
primitive races of Babylonia. The Accads are be- ratio{n-), a hastening, < accelerare, hasten see- :

swallowing; dysphagia. lieved to have been of nou-.Semitic. origin, and to have accelerate.] The act of accelerating, or the state
acatet (a-kaf), n. [< ME. acate, acat, achate, been the donnnant race at the earliest time of which there of being accelerated as
(a) A giadual increase
:

achat, < OF. acat, assibilated achat, purchase,
mod. F. achat (ML. acaptum, "accaptnm), < OF.
acater, achatcr, mod. F. achetet-j buy, purchase,
< ML. accaptare, buy, acquire, < L. ad, to, +
captare, take, seize. Cf. accept, of the same
origin. Later shortened to catc,cates.'\ 1.
are contemporaneous records.
Tlie Accadai, or Accads, were "the Highlanders," who
had descended from the mountainous region of Elam on
the east, and it was to them that the Assyrians ascribed
the origin of Chaldean civilization and wi'iting.
A. IX. Sayce.
A 2. The language of this race Accadian.
of velocity.
At the present time, and for several thousand years in
the future, the variation iu the moon's motion has been
and will be an acceleration.
Thomson and Tait, Nat. Phil., I. *[ 830.
(6) In mech. the rate of change of the velocity of a moving
,

buying, purchasing, or purchase. Chaucer. Also spelled Al-kad.

; body that is, the Increment of velocity (in any direction)
;

in the unit of time which would result were the rate of

2. [Usually in pi.] Things purchased ; espe- Accadian (a-ka'di-an), a. and )(. I. a. Belong- change to continue uniform for that length of time. The
cially, purchased viands or provisions, as op- ing to the Accads, the primitive inhabitants of acceleration is said to be xiniforin if tlie body gains the-
same velocity in any constant direction in equal successive
posed to those of home production ; hence, Babylonia. ]M ii-tions of time, no matter how small these portions may
especially, dainties, delicacies. Later, cates. II, n. 1. An Accad.
2. The language of the be taken. A constant force pi-oduces uniform acceleration
in all cases; but it is sometimes convenient to substitute
Tout estat est viande aux vers, all states are wornies Accads, a non-Semitic and perhaps Ural-Altaic
^cales. CoUjram (under Vev). for some of the forces fictitious "constraints." I'hua,
language spoken in ancient Babylonia previ- gravity (which near the earth's surface is sensibly a con-
Setting before him variety of acates, and those excel-
Shelton, tr. of Don Quixote, I. iv. 23. ously to the later and better-laiown Semitic stant force) gives a falling body ^tni/ormly accelerated
lently dressed.
dialect of the cuneiform inscriptions. A kindred motion when the effect of the atmospheric resistance is-
acatert (a-ka'ter), n. [< ME. acatour, achatour, dialect, the Sumeriaii, seems to have been in use at the eliminated in this case the increment of velocity iu each
;

-or, < OF. acateor, later achatour, mod. P. ache- same time in I'.abylonia. second, which is a little more than 32 feet, is called the-
uccdriniiini of gravity, and in mechanical formulas is de-
tcur, buyer, < ML. accaptator, buyer,< accaptare, Also spelled Akl-adian. noted by the letter g. AVhen the velocity of a moving body
buy: see acatc. Later shortened to cafer.- see accapitum (a-kap'i-tum), 11. [ML., < L. ad, continually diminishes, the acceleration is termed minus
c(fr, .] Apirrveyor; a caterer: as, "Robin to, + caput, head.] In feudal law, money paid or negative, and the motion is said to be retarded this ;

Hood's bailiff or acater," B. Jonson, Sad Shep- by a vassal upon his admission to a feud the is illilstrated by the case of a ball thrown ;
upward, the
upward component of the velocity of which diminishes at
herd (i-h'am. pers.). Also written acator, ac- relief due to tho chief lord. the rate of 32 feet a second. Similarly, the force of friction
cator, achator, achatour, etc. accatort, " S^ee acater. which resists the motion of a sliding body is said to give
A manciple there was of the temple accedas ad curiam (ak-se'das ad kti'ri-am). it minus or negative acceleration.
Of which achaturs might take ensample. Chaucer. [L., go thou to the court: see accede, ad-, Acceleration, like position and velocity, is a relative term,
[The keeper! dressed for him [a prisoner in the Tower curia.] In luu-, a writ directed to the sheriff and camiot be interpreted absolutely.
of London), from time to time, such pigeons as his accatnr Clerk Maxwell, flatter and ilotion, art. xxxv.
for the purpose of removing a cause from a
the cat provided. H. Dixon, Her llajesty's Tower. (() The shortening of the time between the present and
lower to a higher court. the happening of any future event specifically, in law,
acateryt, acatryt (a-kii'ter-i, -tri), n. [< ME. accede (ak-sed'), v. .; pret. and pp. acceded,
;

tlie shortening of the time before the vesting of a persott

*acatri/, acliatrij ; < acater + -ij ; later, co(fn/.] ppr. acceding. =
[= P. acceder Sp. Pg. acceder with the possession of an expected interest. ((/) In physiol.
1. Acates in general provisions purchased. = It. afcff?frf, < L. accSdere, earlier adcSdere,
and pathol. increased activity of the functions of the body,
,

2. The room or place allotted to the keeii- move toward, < ad, to, + cedere, go, move see
I>articuIarlyof the circulation of the fluids. Acceleration.
of the moon, the increase of the moon's mean angular
:

ing of all such provision as the purveyors pur- cerff.] 1. To come, as into union or possession; veloL-ity about the earth, the moon now moving rather
chased for the king. become adjoined or entitled attain by approach faster than in ancient times. This phenomenon has not
;

[NL., Gr. been fully explained, but it is known to be partly owing to

acatharsiat (ak-a-thar'si-a), 11. < or succession now used cliiefly of attainment the slow dimiiuUion of the eccentricity of the earth's orbit,
:

duatkipaia, uneleanness, < daabapTot;, uncleansed, to a possession, office, or dignity as, ho acceded from which there results a slight diminution i.f the sun's
:

uiipurgcd, < d- priv. + 'naBaprdr, cleansed. Cf. to tlie estate on his majority; tho Iiouse of influence on the moon's motions. Acceleration and
naOapTUidc, lit for cleansing see cathartic.'] In Hanover acceded to the English throne in 1714.
: retardation of the tides, certain deviations I'etw ecu the
mecl. (ft) The filth or sordes proceeding from
lime of tile actual occurrence of high water at any place
:
And v.ain were com-age, learning all. ;
and what its time would be if it occurred after the lapse of
a wound; impiu'ity of blood, (i) Failure to Till power accede. Shenstotic, Kuined Abbey. a uniform mean interval. In spring and neap tides the
use a purgative lack of pm-ging.
;
2. To come by assent or agreement give ad- sun's action does not alter the time of high water, as in
;
acatharsyt(ak'a-tlj^r-si),. Sameasocat/inrairt. hesion yield give in as, to accede to one's the former case the solar and lunar tides are synchronous,
:

[ML., < Gr. a-

acathistUS (ak-a-this'tus), 11.
priv. + KadiCeiv, sit down, < Kard, down, + i^eiv
= E. S(7.] In the Gr. Ch., an office in honor of
the Virgin, consisting in a long canon or hymn
; ;
while in the latter tlie time of actual or lunar low Avater
terms or request. and that of solar high w-ater are the same. But in the first
and third qnartei-s of the moon there is acceleration or prim-
This obvious reflection convinced me of the absm-dity
of the treaty of Hanover, in 1725, between France and ing of high water, as the solar wave is to the west of the
England, to wluch the Dutch afterwards acceded. lunar and in the second and fourth quartei-s there is-
;

sung by all standing (whence the name) on the Chesterfield, Letters, 102. retardation or lagging, for an analogous reason. Dlumal
There are many who would accede without the faintest acceleration of the fixed stars, the excess of the appa-
Saturday of the fifth week in Lent, in com- rent diurnal motion of the stars over that of the sun, aris-
reluctance to a barbarous custom, V)Ut would he quite in-
memoration of the repulse of the Avars and capable of an equally barbarous act which custom had not in-_' from the fact that the sun's apparent yearly motion

other barbarians who attacked Constantinople consecrated. Lecky, Europ. Jlorals, I. 305. takes place in a direction contrary to that of its apparent
daily motion. The stars thus seem each day to anticipate
imder Heraclius, A. D. 625. = Syn. 1. To succeed, come (to), attain. 2. To agree, the sun by nearly 3 minutes and 50 seconds of mean time.
acatort, . See acater. assent, yield, coTisent. comply.
accelerati've (ak-sel'e-ra-tiv), a. [< accelerate
acaudal (a-ka'dal), a. [< Gr. d- priv., a-'>-S, + accedence (ak-se'dens), 11. [< F. accedence,
+ -ire.] Tending to accelerate adding to ve-
< acceder : see accede and -ence.] The act or ac-
;
caudal.] Tailless; anurous. Si/d. Soc. Lex.
locity; quickening progression.
acaudate (a-ka'dat), a. [< Gr. a- priv., a-18, +
tion of acceding the act of assenting or agree- ;
accelerator (ak-sel'e-ra-tor), n. [NL., etc.,
caKrhitv.] Tailless; acaudal; ecaudate. ing. [Rare.] (.accelerate.] One who or that which accele-
acaules (a-ka'lez), n.pl. [NL., < Gr. d- priv. accedencet, ' An error for na-w/cHcel. Milton. rates ; a hastener. Hence (n) In England, a post-
+ L, cawKs, astern: see Crtfe.] Plants whicli acceder (ak-se'der), ?!. One who accedes; ono ofhee van. (/') In anat., a muscle, the accelerator urina;,
have either a very indistinct stalk or none at who attains to a possession, an office, or a dig- whiclx expedites the discharge of nrine. (c) In photog. :
all, as lichens, fungi, algre, etc. nity one who yields or assents.
;
(1) .\ny substance or device which shortens the time of

acaulescence (ak-a-les'ens), n. [< acaulescenf.] accelerando (iit-cha-le-ran'do), adv. [It., ppr. exposure of a sensitized plate or paper to the light, in
either the camera or the printing-frame. (2) Any chem-
In hot., an arrested growth of the main axis, of accclcrarc, < L. accelerare, liasten see accele- :
ical which may be added to the developing solution to-
the internodes being so slightly developed that rate.] With gradual increase of speed: a di- shorten the time necessary for development, or, by increas-
 " ; ;
:

accelerator 32 accept
5iigthe normal efficiency of the develope* to lessen the Your accent is something finer than yon could purchase Accentorinae (ak-sen-to-ri'ne), n. pi. [NL.,
< Accentor + -ina:] A
in so removed a dwelling. Sliak., Xs, you Like it, iii. 2.
reiuUite time of exposure, (li) Au accelerating gun. See subfamily of birds, of
Mild was his accent, and his action free. the order Passeres and family Si/lriida; includ-
acceleratory (ak-sel'e-ra-to-ri), n. Aceelerat- Dryden, Tales from Chaucer, Good Parson, 1. 16.
ing the genus Accentor (whicli sec). G. II.
ing or tending to accelerate; quickening mo- 5. Words, or tones and modulations of the Gra;i, 1S40.
tion. voice, expressive of some emotion or passion accentual (ak-sen'tu-al), a. and n. [= It. accen- :

accendt (ak-send'), t. [< L. acccndere, set onI-.

as, the accents of prayer; the acce< of reproof. tuate, < L. as if *accentualis, < aceentus, accent.]
fire, biu-n, < ad, to, "candere, bum, found only + Short-winded af:cents of new broils. 1. a. Pertaining to accent rhythmical. ;

in comp. (see incense, v.), allied to candere, Shale, 1 Hen. IV., i. 1.

Diderot's choice of prose was dictated and justified by
glow: see candid.'] To set on fire; Mndle; The tender accents of a woman's cry. Prior. i]\Q acccntuiit poverty of his mother-tongue.
inflame. Lowelt, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 312.
6. pi. Words, language, or expressions in gen-
Oar devotion, if sufficiently acacnded, wotUd bum up The temi figurate which we now employ to distin-
sort.
eral.
innumerable boolis of this gui.<h Ilorid from simple melody was tised to denote tlnit
Dr. U. More, Decay of Christ. Piety. Winds on your wings t heaven her
! accents bear,
which was simply rhythmical i>r aceenrital.
Such words as heaven alone is lit to hear.
Essay on CImrch Music, p. 28.
accendent Cak-sen'dent), [<L. accenden(t-)s, n. Dryden, Virgil's Eclogues, iii.
It'. Ma.-iun,

p]ir. of (iccendere: see accend.] Same as ac- Deep on their souls the mighty accents fall, Accentual feet, meters, etc. those in whicli the rhythmi-,

cal beat or ictus coincides with the syllabic accent or stress,

like lead that pierces through the walls of clay.
Jones Very, Poems, p. as in modern poetry: opposed toiinautitafive/eet, meters,
accendibility (ak-sen-di-bil'i-ti), n. [< accendi- 77.
etc., in which the ictus falls upon syllables literally long
hlr: iiee -bilitij.'] The quality of being aecendi- 7. In ecclcs. cltatitinc/, one of the seven forms or prolonged in time, as in ancientGreek and Latin poetry.
ble ; intlammabUity. of modtdation used in parts simg by the officiat- See (luantity.
accendible (ak-seu'di-bl), a. [< accent + -ihle. ing priest or his assistants, viz., the immutable, II. H. An accent-mark.
Cf L. accensibilis, that may be burned, bm-ning.]
. medium, grave, acute, moderate, interrogative. accentuality (ak-sen-tu-al'i-ti), n. The qual-
Capable of being inflamed or kindled. final.
8. In music: (a) stress or emphasis ity of A
being accentual.
accendite (ak-sen'di-te), n. [L. accenditc, 2d given to certain notes or parts of bars in a com- accentually (ak-seu'tu-al-i), at?r. In an ac-
pers. pi. impv. of aecendere, light, kindle see :
position. It is divided into two kinds, cirammntinil centual manner; with regard to accent.
<(/.] A short antiphon formerly chanted and rlietorical or esllietie. The first is perfectly regular in accentuate (ak-sen'tu-at), V. t.; pret. and pp.
in the Koman Catholic Church on lighting the itsoccurrence, always falling on the first part of a bar; accentuated, ppr. accentuatinq. [<LL. ccc-
the esthetic accent is irregular, and depends on taste and =
tapers for any special service. tuatus, pp. of accentuare (>])'. accentuer Sp.
accension (ak-sen'shon), n. [=Pg. accensao
feeling, (ft) A mark
placed after the letter rep-
acentuar = Fg.
accentuar lt, acceiitnarc),<.'L. =
resenting a note to indicate the octavo in
= It. acccn.<iione, < L.'as if *acceimii{n-), < ac- "which it is found. Thus, if C is in the great octave
aceentus, accent see accent, n.] 1. To mark or
:

censiis. pp. of aecendere: see aecend.'] The act (see octave), c is an octave above, c' au octave above tliat, pronounce with an accent or 'with accents
of kindling or setting on Are the state of being c" in the next, and so on. ; place an accent or accents on. 2. To lay stress
kindled; inflammation; heat. [Rare.] '9. In math, and mecli.: {a) Jix aXi. literal nota- upon emphasize give prominence to ; mai-k
;
;

'
Comets, besides the light that they may have from
. . . tion, a mark like an acute accent placed after a as of importance as, he accentuated tho views
:

the sun, seem to shine with a lisht that is nothing else letter in order that it may, mthout conftision, of the party on this question.
but au aeceiwion, which they receive from the sun.
/.oc*f, Elem. of -Nat. I'hil., ii.
be used to represent different quantities. In Still more to acrc7ituate this effusive welcome to a Turk-
this way a h c, a' b' c', a" h' c", etc., may stand for m.agui- ish official in Turkish waters.
accensor (ak-sen'sor), . [< ML. accensor, a tudes as different in value as those which, but for the use ForlnUilitly Rev., Oct. 13, 18S3, p. CS).

lamplighter, < L. aecendere, pp. accensns : see ae- of the accents, must be represented by different letters.
Letters .so marked are read thus: a prime or first (n ), a accentuated (ak-sen'tu-ii-ted), p. a. Strongly
cend.] One who sets on lire or kindles. [Rare.] marked strong prominent very distinct
second (a' ), a third (re "'), etc. (ft) Ln gcom and triijon.,
accent (ak'sent), n. [<F. hcoch/ Sp. ace- = .
;
;

as, ueccntuatcdietiXxa'es; au accentuated faidt

;

tii =
I'g. It. accenio, < L. aceentus, accent, tone,
LL. also a blast, signal, fig. intensity, < acci-
nere, sing to (see accentor), < L. ad, to, ca-
ncre, sing: see cant- and cliant.] 1. A spe-
cial effort of utterance by which, in a word
of two or more syllables, one syllable is made
more prominent than the rest. Tliis prominence
is given in part by a raised pitcli, in part by increased
a mark at the right hand of a number indicat-
ing minutes of a degree, two such marks indi- of manner.
cating seconds: as, 20 10' 30" =20 degrees, 10 The diagnostic value of an accentuated cardiac second
+ Edin. Med. Jour., June, 1803.
minutes, 30 seconds, (c) In mcnsur. and engin., sound.
a mark at the right hand of a number used to accentuation (ak-sen-tfi-a'shon), H. [< LL. ac-
denote feet, iiiohes, and lines; thus, 3 "7'' ri iitH(itio(n-), < aceentutirc: see accentuate.] 1.
3 feet, (5 inches, 7 lines, (rf) In plans and The act of accentuating or of marking accent =
drawings, a mark simihirly used after repeated or stress in speech or writing the state of be- ;

force or stress of voice, and in part (as a consetiuence of letters or figures, to intlieate related or corre- ing accented or accentuated. 2. Tho mode of
tliese) by a fuller pronunciation of the constituents of
the syllable. These elements are variously omibiried in
sponding parts, and read as in algebra. See indicating accent; accentual notation. 3. The
different langilages. In English, elevation of pitch is con-
above, {a). =Syn. See empliasis and in/lection. act of emphasizing or laying stress ; a bring-
spicuous wlien a word is spoken or read by itself as a accent (ak-sent'), V. t. [<P. acccnter = li. ae- ing into prominence.
word, without any reference to a sentence <if which it ciulare: from the noun. VI. accentuate.'] 1. To A perpetual straining after the abstract 'idea or law of
forms or should form a part but in connected speech the ;
express the accent of; pronoimce or utter with change, the constant accentuation, as it is called, of prin-
tone and modulation of the sentence dominate tho.se of ciple in historical writing, invarialdy marks a narrow view
the individual words composing it, and the cbanu'eof pitch a partictUar stress or modulation of the voice :
of truth, a want of mastery over details, and a bias towards
may be al>sent, or even reversed, tbeitber elements giving as, to accent a word properly. 2. To give ex- foregone conclusions. Stulibs, Const. Hist., 111. .'ilS.

without its aid the required prominence. Hy the native pression to utter. ;

grammarians of the classical languages of our family accentuation of the distinctively feminine There is no
Congeal'd with grief, can scarce implore charms [of Athena in the Parthenon frieze]; nay, from one
((Jreek, Ijitin,and Sanskrit), change of pitch was the recog-
nized constituent of accent. They called a syllable acute Strength to accent. Here my Albertus lies. H'. II'o(fo>i.
aspect the head is almost boyish in character.
if iu tone was sharpeneil or raisetl, 'jrarf if it remained 3. To mark with a written accent or accents: The Century, XXVII. 179.
at the general level of utterance, and circtimjUx if it be- in order to indicate its pro-
gan at acute i>itch and ended at grave, A woril of three
as, to accent a word aceentus (ak-sen'tus), n. [ML.: see accent.']
or mor.' hvllables often has in iiur language, besides its
nunciation. 4. To emphasize dwell uiioii ; In ancient music, that part of tho service
clinrcli
principal a'-c-nt, another and lighter or secondary one, or accentuate (which see). Accented letter, in which is sung or recited by the priest and his
veii als<, a third such secondary accents are dem>ted in priiitiii'i. a letter marked with an accent. See accriit, n.,
;
assistants at the altar, in contradistinction to
thU work by a double accent-mark thus, val"e.tu-di- ; 3. Accented parts of a bar, in mmie, those parts of concentu.i, the pttrt simg by tho wliole choir.
li.i'rl-.ih iiil'T' The vowels of wholly un-
[Mul'ti-mate. the bar on which the .stress falls, as the first and third
are much modified, being
iu Ktiglisli p;irts i.f the bar in common time. accept (ak-sepf), r. t. [<ME. acccjiten, < OF.
rtnd liuliter, or else reduced even to
'

accentor (ak-sen'tor), H. [LL., one who sings (tcrijitir, (leej)tcr, V. acceiiter = Vr. <iccei>tar =
'

of '"It,
'-ealled neutral vowel, the " short 1/
lie-- t^Mi elfects are marked in this work by
with another, < accincre, smg to or with, < L. Sp. aee2>tar =
Pg. accitar It. accettarc, < L. ac- =
writing resfteclively a single or a double dot tnidi-r the ccjitarc, reeoivo, a freq. of acciperc, pp. ac-
vowel, in the rt-sp.-iliu^ fr ]roinnu-iatlon. Kmplmnin ccplus, receive, < ad, to, + capcre, take see cap- :

dllfeni from tn-.: ni in being exjjended upon a word which tion.] 1. To take or receive (something olTcrod);
U to lie nniil'- lr>. Mini- lit in the sentence. receive with approbation or favor: as, ho mado
2. A mark or clinracter used in writing to
an offer which was accepted.
direct tlio Mtroo!* of the voice in pronunciation,
lilcM, Uird, Ilia substance, and accept the work of his
or to mnrk a loirtjenliir tone, length of vowel- Dent, x.wili. U.
liands.
14 commoidyorily one such
worth
I

It you accept them, then their Is great.

accent In Ijiglhli, iseept
I

li are ini|ili'\ '' t !i. Ilireo SK<f|%^ Sliut<.,\\ of tlie>S., ii. 1.

' . ri , , ,
.1 111,. 2. To take (what presents or what befalls itself
:
llie one); iiccommodato one's self to: as, to accept
'I. aijil J. '
..I til.'
the situation.
M the vmvel I They carry it off well, these fair moving mountahiB, and
I.. I U II.II..I I' like ail French women accept frankly their natural for-
tunes. Eraser's Mtt(j.

3. To listen favorably to; grant.

I or inni'ki <i '
Swiet prince, accept Ihelr suit. Slialc., Itich. 111., 111. 7.

I or diiii'rilii'nl <
Hcc)Ke.piirTow [ .ittftttcr medHlartt). 4. To receive or sulinit and agieo to aecedo or ;

asBoiit. to: as, to accept a treaiy, a proposal, on

ad, to, + canere, sing.] 1. In music, one who ami'iKhiiont, an excuse often followed by of: ;

ii "-< flw' IcndiuK pad. 2. [l'\ aeeentcHr.j In as, 1 accept of the temis.
ifii (''"/'.] A giimn of piisseriuo binlH, He (Wordsworlhl accepted the code of freedom and
;'r;/>/<r. Hiibfiiinilv Irrrntorina', A. mil. brotherhood as he would have accepted the proclannitlon
I iii..|,, ,
'. ' '
warbler, of a new and noble king . . . whose reign was to bring In
.1 'I II <
lii'lor. the golden age.
4, M i'piilinrityof pronuii \ liiiiti' |.|iM. d to tllO Mm. nilphant, Lit. lllst. of IMh Cent., 1. vl,
il thninii ..1 iiveii-bird, Sinrus B. Toreccivt- inn particular sense; understand:

.

.1 wi'll-l<rio\Mi ptiHHorino bird of as, how is (liis pliraso U> ^}l< acceptcdi' 6. In
the -. a f.iiWi ular I III- in Mill .StutoiJ, of tlie intnily Sylviciiliita: com., to Mcknowlcdgo, by .Kignaturo, as calliii(;
runk > nalliinalltx. Coucs, for payini'iil, anil thus to jiromiso to pay: us,
 ;: : ;:

accept 33 accession
to accent a liill of exchange, that is, to acknow- 2. The state of being accepted or acceptable; To call out or forth; summon, as an army.
ledge the obligation to pay it when due. See ac- favorable regard hence, credence belief. Hall. [Rare.]
ceptance.
7. In a deliberative hodi/, to receive This
; ;

a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation,

is access (ak'ses, formerly ak-ses'), n. [<ME.
as a sufficient performance of the duty with that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners. acces, aksis, axes (nearly always in sense 5),
1 Tim. i. 15.
which an officer or a committee has been < OF. acces (also spelled aces, acex, aches, axces),
Some things .
charged ; receive for further action : as, the are notwithstanding of so great dig-
. .

nity and acceptation with God. Hooker, Eccles. Pol., ii.

approach, attack, F. acc& Sp. accftso z= Pg. =
report of the committee was accepted. = Syn. 1. It. accesso, < L. accessiis, approach, passage, in-
[Richard Cromwell] spake also with general acceptation
See
1. A
Take, etc. receive.
and applause when he made his speech before the ParUa- crease, < accecte'e, go to: see accede.]
acceptt (ak-sepf), p. a. [< ME. accept, < L. ac- meut, even far beyond the Ixn-d Kynes. coming to near approach ; admittance ; admis-
;

ccptitx, pp. of accipere, accept: see accept, .] Quoted by Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 261. sion as, to gain access to a prince.
:

Accepted. 3. The meaning or sense in which a word or We are denied accesn unto his person.
In tyme accept, or wel plesynjje, 1 liaue herd thee. statement is taken or understood: as, this term Skak., 2 Hen. IV., iv. 1.
WDCllf, 2 Cor. vi. 2. is to be understood in its usual acceptation. 2. Means
of approach or admission; way of
We will sudiienly Genius is a word which, in common acceptation, G\ttiu\'i entrance or passage to anything: as, the access
Pass our accept and pereniptorv answer. much further than to the objects of taste. U. Blair, Lect. is through a massive door or a long con-idor, or
SImk., Hen. V., v. 2.
= Syn. .'iccepfance, Acceptancy, Acceptation. These by a neck of land.
[In the latter passage the word has been taken to mean words li:ivi' t)cL-n used interchaiigeably, but there is a
acceptance.] niark^d tcmlfncy to use acceptance for the act of accept- All access was throng'd. Milton, P. L., L 7*31.
ing, and 'iceeptatian for the state of being accepted, accept- Then closed her access to the wealthier farms.
acceptability (ak-sep-ta^bil'i-ti), B. [< accept-
ancy having become rare, or being restricted to poetic use. Tennyson, Aylmer's Field.
able: see -biliti/.'] The quality of being accept- It is in vain to stand out against the full acceptance of
able or agreeable acceptableness. 3. Admission to sexual intercourse.
;
a word which is supported by so much and so respectable
acceptable (ak-sep'ta^bl, fonnerly ak'sep-ta- authority. Whitney, Lang, and Study of Lang., p. 41. During coverture access of the husband shall be pre-
siuned, unless the contrary be shown. Blackstone.
bl), a. [< ME. acceptable, < L. acceptahilis, wor- To reanimate this drooping but Divine trutli of liuman
thy of acceptance, < accqj fare, receive: see regeneration, l)y lifting it out of its almost wholly lapsed 4. Addition ; increase ; accession.
accept.'] Capable, worthy, or sure of being
and lifeless because merely ritual
private acceptation,
I, from the influence of thy looks, receive
and giving it a grander public application.
accepted or received with pleasure hence, Acc'ss in every virtue. Milton, P. L., ix. 310.
; //. James, Subs, and Shad., p. 154.
pleasing to the receiver; gratifying; agreeable; accepted (ak-sep'ted), Acceptable;
5. The attack or return of a fit or paroxysm of
p. a. 1.
welcome : as, an acceptable present. chosen; appointed. disease, as of a fever; accession.
^Vliat acceptable audit canst thou leave now Every wight gan waxen for accesse
? Behold, is the accepted time; behold, now is the
A leche anon.
Chaucer, Troilus, ii. 1578.
Shak., Sonnets, iv. day of salvation. 2 Cor. vi. 2.
This woman, whom thou raad'st to be ray help, The first access looked like
an apoplexy.
. . .
2. In com., received or acknowledged as bind- Bp. Burnet, Hist, of Own Times.
So fit, so acceptable, so divine. Milton, P. L., x. 139.
ing : often abbreviated to a. or A. See accept-, Tile most efficient and certain means for stimulating the
acceptableness (ak-sep'ta-bl-nes), n. Same as ance, 1 (c) (2). cerebral cortex, in order to provoke an epileptic access,
aeceptabHitij. accepter (ak-sep'tfer), n. 1. A
person who ac- is electrization. Alien, and JS'eurol., \*I. 8.

In an accept-
acceptably (ak-sep'tar-bli), adv. cepts. Specifically, in com., the person who accepts a 6. The approach of the priest to the altar for
able manner; in a manner to please or give bill of exchange so as to bind himself to pay the sum speci- the purpose of celebrating the eucharist. 7.
satisfaction. fied in it. [In this specific sense most frequently written In canon law, a right to a certain benefice at
acceptor (which see).]
Let us liave grace, whereby we may serve God a^^cept- some future time, now in abeyance through
ably. One who favors unduly; a respecter.
Heb. xii. 28. 2t. lack of required age or some other conditions
God is no accepter of persons ; neither riches nor poverty if in abeyance through actual possession of
acceptance (ak-sep'tans), n. [< OF. acceptan,ce are a means to procure his favour.
see acceplant.'] 1. The act of accepting, or the another, it is equivalent to the right of succes-
ChiUingu'ortk, Sermons, iii. 33.
fact of being accepted, (a) The act of taking or acceptilate (ak-sep'ti-lat), V. t. pret. and sion. See coadjutor, ingress is a right, in virtue of
receiving anything offered a receiving with approbation
;
; pp. some previous stipulation, to a benefice resigned before
or satisfaction favorable reception.
;
acceptilated, pj^r. acceptilating. [< acceptila- entered upon regress, to a benefice actually renounced.
;

tioii.] To discharge (a debt) by accejitila- The Council of Trent and succeeding popes abolished
They shall come up with acceptance on mine altar. such titles, as tending to make benefices hereditary since
Isa. Ix. 7. tion. ;

then they have existed in Roman Catiiolic countries only

Such with him finds no acceptance. Milton, P. L., v. 530. acceptilation (ak-sep-ti-la'shon), n. [< L. ac- in particular instances and by a special pontifical privilege.

(6) The act of receiving and assenting to something stated

ceptilutio{n-), also wTitten 'separately aceepti Prayer of humble access, a prayer said by the cele-
latio{n-), a formal discharging from adebt, lit. brant ill his own behalf and in that of the people before
or propounded, as a theory, etc. (c) The act of agreeing
communicating. In the Roman Catholic and Greek litur-
to terms or proposals, and thereby becoming bound. Spe- a bearing of a receipt aceepti, gen. of accep-
:
gies it is used shortly before the communion of the priest.
cifically (X)\iilaw, an agreeing to the offer or contract of tiim, a receipt, pp. neut. of accipere, receive In the present Book of Common Prayer it precedes the
another by some act wliich binds the person in law. Thus, (see accept, v.); latio{n-), a bearing, < latiis, pp., Cnnscrration.
if a person receiving an estate in remainder takes rent ou
a lease made by his predecessor, this is an acceptance of the associated with ferre =
E. bear^i see ablalirc, accecsarily, accessariness, etc. See accesso-
terms of the lease, and binds the party receiving to abide and ct. Ici/i.'ihitinn.] 1. In civil and Scot's law, rihj, iirvi/.'isoriness, etc.
bythetermsof the lease. (2) In com., an engagement, by the the verbal extinction of a verbal contract, accessary (ak-ses'a-ri or ak'ses-a-ri), n. [< L.
person on whom a bill of exchange is di-awn, to pay the
"bill usually made by the person writing the word " Ac- with a declaration that the debt has been paid as if *acccssaris, < accessus, access: see access.
when it has not, or the acceptance of some- Now mixed with accessorij, a. and n. Strictly
:

cepted" across the bill and signing his name, or simply

writing his name across or at the end of the bill. Ac- thing merely imaginary in satisfaction of a ver- the noun (a person) should be accessary, the
ceptances are of three principal kinds general or un-
qualified, when no limiting or qualifying words are added
;
bal contract. Wharton. Hence
2t. latlieol., adj. (and noun, a things accessor:/; but the dis-
special, when expressed as payable at some particular
;
the free forgiveness of sins by God, for Christ's tinction is too fine to be maintained. See -arij,
bank; and qualified, when expressed tojje for a less sura sake. The word (acceptilatio) was used by Duns Scotus, -or I/.] Same as accessori/.
than that for which the bill was originally drawn, or when in whose writings it first appears as a theological term, to accessibility (ak-ses-i-bil'i-ti), -n. [=F. ac-
some variation in the time or mode of payment is intro-
duced. Acceptance supra protest, or for honor, is accept-
signify the doctrine that God accepts the sufferings of
Christ as a satisfaction to justice, though in strictness
ccssibilite = It.
accessibilita, < LL. accessibili-
td{t-)s, < accessibilis, accessiljle: see accessible.]
ance by some third person, after protest for non-accept- they are not so, as opposed to the notion that Chiisfs
ance by the drawee, with the view of saving the honor of sufferings were infinite, and therefore a full and actual The condition or quality of being accessible, or
the drawer or of some particular indorser. satisfaction for the sins of mankind. of admitting approach.
2. A biU of exchange that has been accepted, by imputa- accessible (ak-ses'i-bl), a.
Our justification which comes by Christ is[=F. accessible =
or the sum
contained in it. 3t. The sense in tion and acceptilation, by grace and favour.
Sp. accesible Pg. accessivel It. accessibile,
Jer. Taylor, Ans. to Ep. of Rochester.
= =
which a word or expression is understood < LL. accessibilis, accessible, < L. accessiis, pp. of
signification ; meaning ; acceptation. acceptiont (ak-sep'shon), n. [< ME. accejycioun, accedere, go to, approach : see accede. ] Capa-
An assertion under the common acceptance of it <0F.
. . .
acccjition S-p. acepcion = =
Vg. accepqao, ble of being approached or reached; easy of
not only false but odious. Sotith. < L. aeceptio(n-), < accipere, receive : see accept.] access ; approachable ; attainable : as, an ac-
Acceptance with God, in theol., forgiveness of sins and 1. Acceptation. cessible town or motmtain ; the place is accessi-
reception into God's favor. = Syn. Acceptance, Accept- The diverse acceptiont of words which the schoolmen ble by a concealed path.
ancy. Acceptation. See acceptation. call suppositions elfect no homonymy.
Mostfranklyacc.vi-ib/f, most affable, . . . most sociable,
Buryersdicius, trans, by a Gentleman, I. xxvi. 12.
acceptancy (ak-sep'tan-si), n. The act of ac- Barrow, Works, I. 260.
cepting ; acceptance ; willingness to receive or ception That this hath been esteemed the due and proper clc- Proofs accessible to all the world.
of tliis word, I shall testify. Buckle, Hist. Civilization, I. i.
accept. Hammond, Fundamentals.
Here's a proof of gift. accessibly (ak-ses'i-bli), adv. In an accessi-
But here's no proof, sir, of acceptancy. 2. The act of favoring unequally ; preference. ble manner ; so as to be accessible.
Mrs. Browning, Aiu-ora Leigh, ii. 1057. For accepciouns of pei-soones, that is, to putte oon bi- accession (ak-sesh'on), n. [= F. accession, < OF.
another withoute is not anentis God.
= SyiL Accepta/ncy, Acceptance, Acceptation. Seeaccep-
tatwn.
fore desert,
Wyclif, Rom. ii. 11.
accessioun Sp. accesion Pg. accessao It. = = =
accessione, < L. accessioun-), a going to, an ap-
acceptant (ak-sep'tant). a. and n. [< P. ac- accepti'vet (ak-sep'tiv), a. Beady to accept. proach, attack, increase, < accessiis, pp. of ac-
ccptant, iJj. acceptan{t-)s, pjjr. of acceptare: The juMipl^- .generally are very acceptive and apt to ap-
see accept.'] I. a. Receptive. X. E. D. plaud any mcritablo work. cedere, go to: see accede.] 1. comiag, as A
B. Jonson, Case is .\ltered, ii. 7. into the possession of a right or station ; attain-
II. 11. 1. One who accepts; an accepter.
Specifically
2. {cap.] One of the French bish- acceptor
(ak-sep't6r or -ter), n. [After L. ac- ment; entrance; induction: as. the accession
of the people to political power, or to the ballot
ops and clergy who accepted the bull Unigeni- ceptor, one who receives, < accipere, receive
tus, issued in 1713 by Pope Clement XI. against see accept, v.] Same as accepter, but more accession to an estate, or to the throne.
frequent in commercial and legal use Acceptor The king, at his accession, takes an oath to maintain all
the Jansenists. the rights, liberties, franchises, and customs, written or
protest, a person, not a party to a bill of exchange
acceptation (ak-sep-ta'shon), . [=Sp. acep- supra which has been protested, who accepts it for the honor of unwritten. J. Adams, Works, IV. 376.
tec(0=Pg. aceitagao=lt" accettazione, < L. as the dr.iwer or of an mdorser, thereby agreeing to pay it if 2. The act of acceding,
as by assent or agree-
if *acceptatio(n-), < acceptare, receive: see ac- the drawee does not. ment ; consent Junction ; adliesion : as, acces-
cept.] If. The act of accepting or receiving; acceptress (ak-sep'tres), n. female acceptor. A
sion to a demand or proposal ; their accession
;

reception ; acceptance as, the acceptation of a [Rare.]

:
to the party or confederacy was a great gain.
trust. accerset (ak-sers'), '' * [< L. accersere, com-
monly (irccsf!ere (prefix ar-, < ad-, to), summon, determination made by Congress.in and accession to the
Declaring their acquiescence
All are rewarded with Uke coldness of acceptation.

q
Sir JP. Sidney. cause to come, < accedere, come : see accede.] S. Williams, Hist. Vermont, p. 283. (JV. E. D.)
 : ;

34 accidental
accession
buds are developed by the side of or We carried an accidence, or a grammar, for form.
that which
by sometMng added accessor;! Lamb, Christ's Hospital.
3. Increase
is added: augmentation; addition: as,
an ac-
;

above tlie normal axillary bud Accessory action,

subservient or an-
Hence 2. The rudiments of any subject.
numbers. in Scots law, an action in some degree
cessimi of wealth, temtoiy, or cillarj- to another action. Accessory contract,
one The ptiets who were just then learning the accidence
The oi.lv acce^inon which the Eomau Empire received made for the purpose of :issuring the performance of a of tiieir ai't. Loicell, .\niong my Books, '2d ser., p. W2.
was the province of Britaiu. (xibbon. prior contract, either by the same parties or by others, [< ME. accidence,
such as a suretyship, a mortg.age. or a pledge.' Bounei:
accidence-t (ak'si-<lens), .
The yule log drew an unusually large accession of guests < Oi'. accidence, < Ij. accidentia, a chance, a
around the Christmas hearth. ,,, . t ,- Accessory disk, the thin, slightly dim, and anisotropous
disk seen near the intermediate disk in certain forms casual event, < acciden(_t-)s, ppr. of accidere,
,
Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, 1. 1,.
The ship brought hut twenty passengers, and quenched and conditions of striated muscle-libers. Accessory
of whose sub-
happen: see accident.} fortuitous cireiun- A
hope of immediate a<:cessions. fruits those fruits a considerable portion '^1
J an accident.
stance'is distinct from the seed-vessel and formed of the
all , ,- o t oo- i
Banero.r;, Ilist. I.. S., I. 2So. .

4 In of acquiring property, by
/if,
whioh the owner of a corporeal substance
whii-h receives an addition by growth or by the
application of labor has a right to the thing
added or to the improvement, as an addition
to a house made by a tenant under an ordinary
lease.
5. In med., the attack, approach, or
commencement of a disease; access. 6. In
accrescent and succulent calyx, or torus, or receptacle, accident (iik'si-dent), n. [<ME. accident, < OF.
a mode bracts, etc. Accessory muscles. See acccusoriw*.- Ac- accidciil,1\ accidents Sp. Pg. It. accidenfc, <
cessory obligation, an obligation incidental or subor- L. acciden(t-)s, an accident, chance, misfor-
dinate to aiu'tiicr iil,lii;ation. Thus, an obligation for the
time, prop. ppr. of accidere, fall upon, befall,
re'idar payment of interest is accessor;/ to the obligation
to'pay the principal ; a mortgage to secine payment of happen, c'hauee, < ad, to, upon, cadcre, fall +
a bond is accessory to the bond. Accessory valves, in see cadence, ease^, and eliancc.} 1. In general,
anvthing that happens or Ijegins to be -n-ithout
design, or as an iml'oreseen effect that which
falls out by chance a fortuitous event or cir- ;
;

the election of a pope, the transference of votes cumstance.

from one candidate to another, when the scru- The story of my life,
.\nd the particular accidents gone by.
tiny has not resulted in a choice. The oppor- Sliak., Tempest, v. 1.
Since I came to this isle.
tiuiity of doing this is called an accessit (which Valves [a aj
>
\\'henever words tumble out under the blindest ocri-
see) Deed of accession, in Scots law, a deed executed dents of the moment, those are the words retaiiieii.
by the creditors of a bankrupt, by whicli they approve of small additional valves, as those placed near the
'
zoul , Dc QuiHccy, Style,
a'trust given by their debtor for the general behoof, and
bind themselves to concur in the plans proposed for extri- rc'eroi^'ne?#e"n'^tt'.eelfven"pt^^ 2. Specifically, an undesirable or tmtorttmate
cating his affairs. =Syn. 2. Consent, compliance, assent, nerves. See accessoritis. happening ; an undesigned harm or injury a ;

acquiescence. 3. Increase, addition, increment, exten. II. pi. aceesson'es (-riz).

"; 1. In law^ one casualty or mishap, in Jci/ai imp, an accident is: (n)
si- III, annmentation.
who is guilty of a fclonv, not by committiag An event happening witliout the concurrence of the will
accessional (ak-sesh'on-al), a. [=Pg. acces- the offense in person or as a principal, nor by the ^person by
o{ , whose agency
.
it was caused Itditfei-3

Sf'iKil. < L. as if "accesnionalis : see accession.} from mistake, in that the latter always supposes the
being present at its commission, but by being operation of the will of the agent in producing the event,
Consisting in or due to accession; giving in- in some other way concerned therein, as by ad- altlioiisli that will is caused by erroneous impressions on
crease or enlargement ; additional. ^-ising or inciting" another to commit the crime, the mind. Edu: Livinyston. See ii,s(nAe. ((j) Sometimes,
The speciflc and arcrxxional perfections which the hu. in a loose sense, any event that takes place without one's
CoUridge. or by concealing the offender or in any way foresight or expectation, (r) Speeiflcally, in equity prac-
man understanding derives from it.
helping him to escape ptmishment. An accessory tice, an event which is not the result of personal negli-
superinduced, collateral, ac-
I regard that, rather, as a before the fact is one wlio counsels or incites another to gence or miscoiiduet.
auianal fame, a necessity of greatness. commit a felony, and who is not present when the act is
R. Choate, Addresses, p. 622.
done ; a.fter the fact, one who receives and conceals, or in 3. The operation of chance an undesigned ;

contingency a happening without intentional

accessit (ak-ses'it), he has come near, . [L., any way assists, the offender, knowing him to have com- ;

:;d pcrs. sing. perf. ind. of accederc, to come to or

mitted a felony. In high treason and nnsdemeanor, by causation "chance fortime: as, it was the re-
;
;

Knglish law, there are no accessories, all implicated being sult of accident; I was there by accident.
near: see accede.} 1. In English and other col- treated as principals. See abetter.
Prizes of accident as oft as merit.
leges, a certilieate or prize awarded to a stu- An accessory is one who participates in a felony too re- Shah., T. and C, iii. :i.
dent of second (or lower) merit: as, second motely to be deemed a principal. Bishop.
acces.tiV, third, fourth, etc., acce.<isit. 2. In the In that state [Massachusetts], too, the aider and abettor,
.Ml of them, in his opinion, owe their being to fate, acci-
dent, or the blind action of stupid matter. Dwiyht.
election of a pope, an opportunity given the who at common law would have been but a mere nci'.-.s-
sory, may be indicted and convicted of a substantive 4t. That which exists or oeem'S abnornuiUy;
members of the conclave, after each ballot, to
felony, without any regard to the indictment or conviction something tmusual or phenomenal ; an tuiconi-
revise their votes. -Am. Cyc, I. 6S.
Every morning a ballot is cast, followed in the evening
of the pruicipal. mon occurrence or appearance.
The prevailing rule of the criminal law, that there may Noon accident for noon advcrsitee
by an "accauril"; that is, if the morning ballot has led to be principals and accessories to a crime, has no applica- Was Chaucer, Clerk's Tale, (.07.
seyn in her. 1.
no result, any of the electors i.s allowed to transfer his tion whatever to treason. Am. Cyc, XV. 851.
vi.te to that one of the caniiidates whom he can expect The accident was loud, and here before thee
thcrcliy to get elected. Schaf-Herzog, Encyc, I. 621. 2. That which accedes or belongs to some- With rueful cry. Milton, S. A., 1. ir.S'i

accessivet (ak-ses'iv), a. [<jrL. acccssiviis thing else as its principal a subordinate part ;
5. Irregularity ; unevenness ;
abruptness, (n)

(rare, and special sense uncertain, but lit. ' ad- or object an aecomiianiment.
; Any chalice, unexpected, or unusual (luality or cii'cuin-
ditional'), ^L. accessii.1, addition: see access.} The wealth of both Indies seems in great part but an stance.
accessary to the command of the sea. iiacoii. Essays, xxix. The happy accidents of old English houses.
Additional ; contributory. //. James, Jr., Portraits of Places, p. '-'ii'>.
The :i.spcet and accessories of a den of banditti. Caiiyh:
Ood " c)pencd the eyes of one that was born blind " and An irregularity of surface an undulation as, the
had increjiscd this cfficity by his own rtcreWre and exces- 3. In the fine arts, an object represented which (b)
enemy was favored by the cci'cteH( of the ground.
; :

Hive wii kedric8.s. Ilev. T. Adamg, Works, II. 379. not a main motive or center of interest, Init
is
introduced to balaiico the composition or in
6. A
non-essential, in (0.71c (translation of Or. avit-
accessorial (ak-se-s6'ri-al), a. Pertaining to is f)(|3^K6?) () Any predicate, mark, character, or whatever
:

uu accessory : as, accessorial agency. some way enhance artistic effectiveness.

its is in a subject or inheres in : in this sense
a substance
In a portrait, for example, everything but the figure is an opposed to charai'ter which may bo
si(().s^iiii.'i'. (h) .\
3icre acccAitorial guilt was not enough to convict him.
accessory. present in or alis^it from a member of a natural d.iss : in
/{. Choate, Addresses, p. 265.
this sense it is one of the five predicables, viz., genus, dif-
In painting the picture of an Oriental, the pipe and the
accessorily (ak-ses'o-ri-U or ak'se-so-ri-li), (?!. ference, species, property, accident. Accidents arc divided
colfee-cup arc indispensalile accessories.
lu tlie inanuer of an accessory; not as princi- B. Taylor, Lands of the Saracen, p. ITS. into .i';<iii-o(''i' and iiisei'iarable. The distinction between
an iiiseinirahle accident and a jiropei'ty is not clear.
pal, but as a subordinate agent. Also written [In all uses interchangeable with acces-iari/, but
If two or three hundred men are to be found who can-
arresHorilfi. accessory is more common.] = Syn. 1. Abetter, ac- not live out of Madeira, that inability would still be an
accessoriness (ak-ses'o-ri-nes or ak'so-so-ri- compli. c Sccthedelliiitions of these words. accident and a peculiarity of each id" them.
iiis), II. Tli! slate of being accessory, or of acciaccatura(itt-cliiik-kii-to'ra), H. [It.; lit., the J. II. .\eirtnan, Cram, of .\ssent, p. sn.
Ixiii^' or acting as an accessory. Also written effect of crushing, < aeciaecare, bruise, crush, 7. In {Irani.,a variation or inflection of n word,
arrif-iftnness. < acciare, mince, hash, < accia, an a.\, < L. ascia, not esscntiiil to its primary signilicatiou. but
accessorins (ak-soso'ri-us), a. and n. ; pi. acccs- an ax: see axl.] In mK.s'ic .() grace-note A marking a modificatuni of its relation, as gen-
Korii (-\). [.ML.: neft accessory.} In anat., e,e- one half step below a jirincipnl note, .struck at der, nunilier, and case. See accidence^.
caosory, or uu acccHsory. Applied (n) To several the same time with tlie principal note and ini- Malayl the noun has no accidents.
(In
muf'T-- ' rirrcsRoriuH ad Hacro-lumbalem, mediatelvleft, wliilo the latter is held, liefore a U. X. Cast. Mod. Langs. E. Ind.. p. i:i4.
the the sacro-luiid)aliH, passing, in niaiiner as the short
same
in Hie
Chapter of accidents. Sic .'/m/ir.i'. Conversion by
. I

single note" it is iiidicale.l

mart from the six lower to the six before a note of a chord it is indiealcil by
upir no. ii'i'iilaris BUi>crior<'.<, acce.'worll
appoggiatura ;
accident. Sce eonrerslon. -Efficient cause by acci-
orblculart-t < 'on superior and Inferior adill Written. Played. dent. See cause.- Fallacy of accident, see Jallaey.
tlonal or IV Ithers of the orbicularis oris ^Syn. 1. chance, misclinnce. ha]!, mishap, fortune, niis-
fortinic. bilk, bad luck, casualty, calamity, disaster. 6.
niujici''of II >
litis, the accessory llixor of
I'riii'erlii. MIribiile, i{c. Sce i/im'iVi/.
the will' of ' iiig liy two hi-iiils from the
IM rntrU or i.crted into the teiMloii of accidental (ak-si-den'tal), a. and n. [= l'\
Ule 1 iir longiis dlgltorniii). {Ii) accidi nlil =
Vr. Sj). I'g. accidental It. acci- =
To I il nerves, also culled the dinlale, <M1j. aeciilinlitlis, < L. ticciiien(t-)s, an
tlhilni-iiU lo the vagus,

=^^
.(III . ivi-
III .ici'ident, dianco: aei) accident.} 1. a. 1. llap-
anil I t.,i,l and traliezhlH liiitsclii.

acccsflory I iir iik'so-so-ri), . and n. pcniiigbvcliance or accident, oriiiii'xpectfdly

hiking place not according to the usual eoiu'se
[=|-'" I. iii'rrsf/rio = ^'K- It' arrm-
*orio. ''
Ml,, acii "t, < L. accmi/.i, tip. of ac- of tilings; casual; fortuitiiUK; iiiiintentiniiiil ;

rrdt II : ?o'o tiered^ || 'f. firc^msari/.} I, n. 1.(Of

a stroke drawn through the chonl uiuler Hie note to
which It helonKB. It Is now used only In organniuslc.
lis, nil ticcidinliil niccting, 2. Non-osseiitial;
|..'r
aiding in N'c not ni'iTssarily belonging to the subject; ad-
.
; <<irilributiiig ; (Il) M.iri- frequently, a short apiioggiatura.
pp. I, 'ir ai'tintr in Hiiliordinii-
ventitious: as, songs are accidintat to a play.
ii}ijiiiilitialiirii.
timi usually in a bad Of J pbiloKoiihy you make no use,
I I
'I. Ill ;
accidence' Oik'i-<lenw), n. [A missiielling <if
If \"ll give Iilace to accidental evils.
lu<nM^ : aril
III, ii'loiiy. Ti-i'linically, acnilinis, or a'ii inonin. of ]j. accidenlid.
|.l., ,S/m/i-.,.I. C., iv. .1.

In lav, it Iniiili Illmut bi'Inu' preHcnt

.
ni'iil. |il., as accideei~ !( L. arcidrnlia, fcni. Accidental being. See ^^1I1.^ -Accidental colors.
nlthoa.i. 2. (Uf II H,,,s.) (n) Cfintributiiig to King. HOC nrcWciif, (I.] 1. 'I'liat part of griini-
:
In piismiilli- .iinipli'iMiiiliirv colors seen when thu
o(.(i.',

A KcniTiil otTiict; nidiriL' in <'i'rtninncli>ri'lTcct miir which treats of the ni'cidcnls or inflection eve Is liinicil siiibhnlv lo a while or liulit colored surface,
inn'. -^
ITU --.
iiiniiMH'lliinK afler It has been Iheil for a line .01 a Inlgbl cololed oli.
I

of words; a Hinall book lonlalning tlio nidi-

' '
! I

liTt. if III. ..hject is blue. 111.' a. .i.l.lilal color Is yellow:

I'ls' ,.^, urriHSiin/ ments uf grnniinar. Ifred.gr.i ii,.l. Thus. II wel.ioU nx.i.lly ata ri .1 waferoiii
winri . I. i-H, (II) A<1- , .
I . . . iK'Ver yet tlld lentn iiiliif accixlence. piece of liilipa|ier, ami then turn 111.. eye to iiiiotherimrt
rtitiouni, or of the nuliirr of itn ii|>|><mdB(^u: M, John laiilor (ihv Water- I'oet). of the papi a green siiut ! seen.
I , Accidental dellnl-
 accidental
tlon, a description. Accidental distinction, in
lof/ir,

one which does not concern tlic liilinitions of tlif objects

diatin^'iiishci. Accidental error.in p/iif.si<-s. Scc error.
Accidental form. Sc' . />>//.- Accidental light, in
paintiii'/, a M-i;nii(lary liirht wliich is not ;icconnted for by
the prevalent cllect, such as tin- rays ui tlie sun darting
tiu'ough a cloud, or hclwccn the leaves of a thicket, or
the effects of mooidisht, eandle-li^dit, or burning bodies, in
a scene whicii dues not owe itscliief light to such a source.
Accidental point, in perfip.,thiii point in which a riglit
line drawn fruni the eye parallel to another given right
line cuts the picture or
plane. Thus, suppose
Ali to be the line given
in perspective, CFE the
perspective plane, D the
eye, DC the line parallel
to AB ; then is C tlie ac-
cidental point. = Syn.
1. Acriih-ntdl, Chance,
Casiinf, I-'orfaitous, In-
The first four are tlie wnrds most
 :
; ;

acclimation 36
acclimation (ak-li-ma'shon), acclimate accoastt (a-kosf), v. i.
11. [< +
[A diE. speUing of
-ion. Ct'. Pg. acdimai;do, < accUniai\ acclimate.] accubt in its orig. sense come alongside of ' '

The process of acclimating, or the state of being OF. acoster, touch, graze: see occosf and eoaf.]
acclimated acclimatization. ; To fly near the earth. [Rare.]
acclimatisation, acclimatise, etc. See accli- >'e is there hauke which mantleth her or pearch.
iiiati-alioii, etc. Whether high towring or accoastimj low.
Spenser, F. Q., VI. 32.
acclimatizable (a-kli'ma-ti-za-bl), a. Capable
ii.

of being atoUmatized suitable for acclimatiz- accoilt (a-koil'), v. t.

; [< OF. acoillir, gather,
ing: as, accHmati^able animals. Also spelled assemble (F. acciieillir, receive), < ML. aceolli-
accUmati.^alj'f. gerc, < L. ad, to, + colligere, gather: see coi/l,
acclimatization (a-kli'ma-ti-za'shon), n. The ciill^. and collect.] To gather together crowd.
;

act or process of acclimatizing, or state of be- .\bout the caudron many Cookes accoyld.
Spenser, F. Q., II. ix. 30.
ing acclimatized ; the modification of physical
constitution which enables a race or an in- accoil (a-koU'), . [< OF. acoil, F. accueil ;
diWdu^ to live in health in a foreign climate. from the verb.] Welcome; reception, tiouthey.
.Sume \niters use this word with regard to brute animals (X. E. D.)
and plants onlj', using acclimation when speaking of man.
Also spelled acclimatisation.
accplf (a-kol'), V. t. [< ME. acolen, < OF. acolcr
Acclimatisation is the process of adaptation by which
('. accoler), embrace, Sp. acolar, arrange =
animals and plants are gradually rendered capable of sur-
two coats of arms under the same crown,
vinng and flourishing in countries remote from their ori- shield, etc., It. accollarc, embrace, mod. =
ginal habitats, or under meteorological couditious different join, yoke, < ML. *accollarc, embrace, < L. ad,
from those which they have usually to endure, and which to,
are at first injurious to them.
eolliim (>0F. col, F. con +
OSp. collo, Sp. =
A. R. Wallace, Eucyc. Brit., I. 84. cuello It. collo), neck : see collar.'\ To em- =
brace round the neck. Surrey.
acclimatize (a-kli'ma-tiz), r. t. ; pret. and pp.
acclimatized, ppr. acclimatizing. [< ac- (< L. nd,
accolade (ak-o-lad' or -lad'), n. [<F. accolade,
+ an embrace, a kiss (after It. accollata, prop,
to) + climate -ize ; after acclimate from F.]
fem. pp. of accollare, embrace), < accoler, OF.
To acctistom or habituate to a foreign climate acolcr: see accol.'i 1. ceremony used in con- A
adapt for existence in a foreign climate ferring knighthood, anciently consisting in an
especially used of adapting a race or stock for
embrace, afterward in giving the candidate a
permanent existence and propagation : as, to blow upon the shoulder with the flat of a sword,
acclimatize plants or animals. Also spelled
the latter being the present method; hence,
acclimatise.
the blow itself.
Young soldiers, not yet acclimatized^ die rapidly here.
We our shoulders tingle with the accolade, and
felt
London Times. heard the clink of golden spurs at our heels.
A domesticated animal or a cultivated plant need not Lowell, Fireside Travels, p. 58.
neces-sarily be acdiniatised ; that is, it need not be capa-
ble of enduring the severity of the seasons without pro-
2. In music, a brace or couplet connecting
tection. The canary-bird is domesticated but not accli-
matited, and many of our most extensively cultivated J-u;.-.*l,.
plants are in the same category.
A. n. Wallace, Encyc. Brit., I. 84.
acclimatizer (a-kli'ma-ti-zer), n. One who in-
troduces and acclimatizes foreign species. Also
spelled acclimatiser.
.S4jme of these [birds) . . . cannot fail to become per-
manent settlers equally with those for the transportation
of which the would-be acdimatizerts might find themselves
excused. Encyc. Brit., III. 73G.
acclimatnre (a-kli'ma-tur), n. The act of ac-
climating, or the state of being acclimated.
[Kare.]
acclinal (a-kli'nal), a. [<L. acclinis, leaning
on or against ci. acclindre, lean on or against,
;

< ad, to, upon, + 'clinare E. Ican^ see iti- = :

clinc.'] Ingcol., leaning against, as one stratum

of rock against another, botli being turned up
at an angle: nearly equivalent to overlying.
[Rare]
acclinate (ak'li-nat), a. [<L. acclinatus, pp.
of ucclinarc (see acclinal) : on the model of dc-
clinate: see decline.^ In zoiih, bending or
sloping upward : the opposite of declinate.
acclivet (a-kliv'), a. L=Pg. It. accliie, <L.
aicliii.t,also less frequently acclivus, steep,
< ad, to, +
clivus, a hill, prop, sloping, from
name root as 'clinare E. Ican^ see acclinal.^ = :

Kiidug; steep. [Rare.]

The way easily ascending, hardly so acclive as a desk.
Aulnrey, Letters, H. a^l.
acclivitoos (a-kliv'i-tus), a. Bising with a
sliijic ; iicclivous. 1.1. Taylor.

acclivity (a-kliv'i-ti), n. pi. ncc/iiic (-tiz). ;

[< Ij. r(7n-i(n(r-)s,' an acclivity, < acclivis, slop-

ing: Kf(! ficrtiif.] 1. An upwar'l slope or in-
clination of the earth, as the side of a hill op- :

|iOHod to dcclicily, or a slope couHiderud as de-

sccndiug.
Far up the htwu acelivUy I met a man and two young
women making their way slowly down.
The Century, X.WII. 420.
2. Siifclficftllv, in flirt., the talus of a rampart.
accliVOOS (ii-kli'viiH), n. [<L. acctini.'., Ickh
frirjiiriit form of acclivi.f, sloping: soo ace/iit.]
UiHiiig, UM the slope of a hill: the opposite of
ttrrlinniM.
accloyf (n-kloi'), r. t. [< MR. acloirn, actoiim,
vnr. <if I iirliiiiirn, ' Ol'. i nrlinjcr, earlier inclnir
(V. mrloiiir), < Mli. iiirliirarc, drive in n nail,
< U. ill, ill, rltiiiiri + , iiiiil, n iiuil hi.(.
< clniii.H, :

r/.' and rlon-*.] I, To prick with u nail in

*hoeliiK: used by farriers. Skeat. 2. To in-
jure; linnn; Impair.
And whoao dolh, fiil foiilo hyniiu'lf adinjith.
Chniirrr, Farllanii lit ut Fuwia, I. 617.

a. Toclriy; OBCiirntxr; embnrrnHS with super-

fluity ; nl/xiniot.
mitbl Willi III > |. Uic uihUiiwavp iierlojiu.
ai'iurr, F. y., II. vie It,.
 ; ;

accommodation 37 accomplisli
tion, we diacem and trace alsn in the accommodation of accommodator (a-kom'o-da-tor), . [=Sp. II. intrans. It.To be a companion or asso-
the individual tu his social snrroinulings and in the con-
seauent moditicatiou of his character.
acoinodador, < L. as if "accommodator : see ac- ciatc : as, to accompany with others. 2. To
MauMnj, Body and Will, p. 96. cominodatc, v. ] One who or that which accom- cohabit. [Rare.]
Many of these quotations were probably intended as modates or adjusts. The king loved her, and accompanied vf\i\\\\tiYon\y,
. . .

Palcy. accommodet (ak-o-mod'), v. i. [< F. accom- till he married EUrida. Milton, Hist. Eng., v.
nothing more than accommodations.
(4) Adjustment of differences; reconciliation, as of parties nioiicr = It. accomodare, < L. accommodare : see 3. In music, to perform the accompaniment
in dispute. accoiiimiidiitr.'] To accommodate. [Rare.] in a composition; especially, to perform the in-
The conformity and analogy of which I speak has . . .
accompanablet (a-kum'pa-na-bl), a. [Also ac- strmnental part of a mixed vocal and instru-
a strong tendency to facilitate accommodation, and to pro-
duce a generous oblivion of the rancour of their quarrels. comiKtiiitihlv ; < F. accompagnnhlc, "sociable, mental piece.
Kurkc, On a Kegicide Peace, i. easio to bo conversed with" (Cotgrave), iac- accompanyist (a-kum'i)a-ni-ist), n. An accom-
To come to terms of accommodation. Macuulay. compafiiwr + -able: see accompany.] SociaVjIe. panist. [Rare.]
(c) Convenience ; the supplying of a want aid. ; Sir r. Sidiicii. I'rom which post he soon advanced to that of a^cmn-
St. James's Church had recently been opened for the accompanier (a-kum'pa-ni-er), n. One who or panylst at the same theatre. Grove, Diet. Music, I. 28.

accommodation of the inhabitants of this new quarter. that which accompanies. [Rare.] To achieve;
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., iii. accompasst (a-kum'pas), V. t.

Dear, cracked spinnet of dearer Louisa! Without men- cll'oct ; bring about.
2. The state of being aoeommodated ; fitness tion 'if mine, be dumb, thou thin accompanier of her thin- Tile remotion of two such impediments is not commonly
state of adaptation : followed by to, sometimes ner warble I Lamb, Elia. accompass'd by one head-piece.
by with. accompaniment (!v-kum'pa-ni-ment), n. [< ae- Bi). riacket, Life of Abp. Williams, i. 42.
The organization of the body with arcnnnnodalion to its
functions. .Sir M. Ilalc, Grig, nf .\l;nikind, p. 53. company, q. v., +
-ment; after i\ accompar/nc- accompletive (a-kom'ple-tiv), a. Disposed or
Socjnus' main design was to brhig all tite mysteries ment, 01<\ acompaignemeiit =
Sp. acompaUa- tencLing to accomplish or fulfil. [Rare.]
of Christianity to a full
. . .

accommodation ivith the general miento =

Pg. acompniihamento =
It. accompa- accomplice (a-kom'plis), n. [An extension
notions of man's reason. South, Works, Y. iii. gnamento.li Something that attends another (duo perliaps to a supposed connection with ac-
3. Anything which supplies a want, as in re- as a circumstance; something incidental or compti.'ih or accompany), by prefixing ac-, of the
spect of ease, refreshment, and the like any- ;
added to the principal thing as a concomitant, older form complice, in same sense, < F, com-
thing furnished for use ; a convenience chiefly :
by way of ornament, for the sake of symmetry, plice, an associate, particularly in crime, < L.
appUed to lodgings as, accommodation for man
:
or the like. complicem, ace. of complex, adj., confederate,
and beast : often used in the plural. Elaboration of some one organ may be a necessary ac- participant, <. complicare, fold together, (.com-,
They probably thought of the coach with some contempt, companiment of Degeneration in all the others. together, plicarc, fold: see complex and com- +
as an accommodation for people who had not their own E. li. Lankester, Degeneration, p. plicate.'] 1. partner or cooperator: not in
.'52.
A
gigs. Oeorr/e Eliot, Felix Holt, iv. Specifically (a) In music, the subordinate part or parts a bad sense.
Outside of the larger cities on the Continent you can
added to a solo or concerted composition to enhance the Success unto our valiant general.
get as wretched accommodations as you could desire for
effect, and also, if it be a vocal composition, to sustain And happiness to his accomplices !
T. II. Aldrich, Ponkapog to Pesth, p. 06.
the voices and keep them true to the pitch. The accom- Shak., 1 Hen. VI.,
an enemy. v. 2.
paniment may be given to one or more instruments, or to
Specifically 4. (a) In com., pecuniary aid in a chorus of voices. Instead of writing accompaniments One fellow standing at the beginning of a centurj', and
stretching out his hand as an accomplice towards another
an emergency a loan of money, cither directly
;
in full, as is now done, the older composers were accus-
tomed merely to indicate the harmonies to be employed fellow standing at the end of it, without either having
orby becoming security for the repayment of a by means of a figured bass, which could be performed in known of the other's existence.
sum advanced by another, as by a banker. (6) a great variety of ways, more or less elaborate, according De Quinccy, Secret Societies, i.
,
laphijsiol., theautomatic adjustment of the eye,
or its power of adjusting itself to distinct vision
to the musical knowledge, taste, and skill of the execu-
tant, (ft) Inpaintinff, an object accessory to the principal
More commonly 2. An associate in a ci'ime ;

object, and serving for its ornament or illustration gen-

a partner or partaker in guilt. Technically, in lau;
at different distances, or of the ear to higher or
:

erally termed an accessory/ (which see), (c) In her., any-

any participator in an offense, whether as principal or as
lower tones. In the eye accommodation is effected by thing added to a shield by way of ornament, as the belt, accessory sometimes used of accessories only, in contra-
:

It is followed by o/ or with be-

an alteration of the convexity of the crystalline lens (which mantling, supporters, etc.
Accompaniment Of the distinction to principals.
fore a person, and in or of before the crime as, A was
see), and in the ear by an increased tensinnnf the tjTnpanic scale, in niirsic, the harmony assigned to the series of
:

membrane for liigher tones. Accommodation bill or notes fornuiig the diatonic scale, ascending and descend- an accomplice jvith B in the murder of C.
note, paper, or indorsement, a iiiii of excliange or ing. Additional accompaniments, parts of a musical Thou, the cursed accomplice of his treason.
note, etc., drawn, accepted, or indorsed by one or more composition not written by the original composer, but Johnson, Irene, v. 1.
parties to enable another or others to obtain credit by added by another: as, Jlozarfs additional accompani- He is an accomplice if he is intimately bomid up iu
. . .

or raise money on it, and not given like business paper in vients to H.andel's "Messiah." Such additions are justified the project and responsibility of the schemes as a prime
payment of a debt, but merely intended to accommodate in most cases on the ground that some instruments have mover. C. J. Smith, Synonyms, p. 7.
the drawer: colloquially called in Scotland a wind-bill, become obsolete, others have been invented, and the con-
and in England a W(c. Accommodation cramp. See stitution of the orchestra has been much changed since
Sometimes used with to before a thing.
cramp. Accommodation ladder, a stairway fLxed on the time of the original composer. We free-statesmen, as accomplices to the guilt [of slavery,
accompanist (a-lcum'pa-nist), n. In music, one are] ever in the power of the grand offender,
Emerson, Slisc, p. 245.
who plays an accompaniment.
-Syn. Abetter, accessory (see the definitions of these
accompany (a-kxmi'pa-ni), V. pret. and ; pjj.ac-
words), coadjutor, assistant, ally, confederate, associate.
companied, ppr. accdmjxtnying. [< OF.
accompliceship (a-kom'plis-ship), n. Aeeom-
acmii-
paignier, acompaigner (P. accompagncr = plicity. Sir H. Taylor. [Rare.] Sp.
acompaSiar = Pg. acompanhar = It. accompa- accomplicity (ak-om-plis'i-ti), H. [< accomplice
gnare), associate with, < a- (L. ad), to, with, -t- + -ity, after complicity.] The state of being
compaignier, campaigner, compagner, associate, an accomplice; criminal assistance. Quarterly
(.compaignic, cumpanie, company : see comjxiny.] Mev. [Rare.]
trans. 1. To be or exist in company ^vith
1.
accomplish (a-kom'plish), v. t. [< ME. acom-
be joined in association or combination con- ;
plissen, < OF. acompliss-, stem of certain parts
stitute an adjunct or concomitant to : as, thun- of acomplir, F. accomplir, complete, < a- (L.
der nccompanies lightning; an insult accom- ad), to, +
comjtlir, < L. complere, complete see :

panied by or with a blow the President's mes- ;

complete, v.] 1. To complete; finish; reach
sage and accompanying documents. the end of bring to pass actually do as, he
; ; :

The still night with black air . , . works hard, but accomplishes nothing.
Accompanied, with damps and dreadful gloom. And while she [Nature] does accomplish all the spring.
Milton, F. L.,.x. 848.
Birds to her secret operations sing. Sir W. Davenant.
reason to believe that different diseases can so
There is
To accomplish anything excellent, the will must work
accomjMny each other as to be united in the same indi- for catholicand universal ends. Emerson, CiWUzation.
vidual. Buckle, Hist. Civilization, II. 569.
2. To bring about by performance or realiza-
2. To keep company with; be associated in tion ; execute ; carry out ; fulfil : as, to accom-
intimacy or companionship; act as companion plish a vow, promise, pm^jose, or prophecy.
to. [Now rare or obsolete.]
Thus \n\\ I accomplish my fury upon them. Ezek. vi. 12.
Harry, I do not only marvel where thou spendest thy This that is written must yet be accomjdished in me.
Accommodation Ladder. time, but also how thou art accompanied. Luke xxii. 37.
Shak., 1 Hen. IV.,
the outside of a ship at the gangway, to facilitate ascending

from or descending to boats. Accommodation lands
Although alone.
ii. 4.

Hence
3t. To gain ; obtain as the result of
Best with thyself accompanied. exertion.
or land, {a) Lands bought by a buiM< r or sjn rul;itni, who
Milton, P. L. , -liii. 4'28.
To accomplish twenty golden crowns.
erects houses upon them and then leasi-s ])iii(ini!s of tliem
.SAoJ.,3Hen.'V^.,
upon an improved ground-rent. [Eng.] (6) Land acijiiired 3. To go along or in company with attend or iii. 2.
;

for the purpose of being added to other land for its im- accompany To make complete by furnishing what is
join in movement or action as, to 4.
provement. Rapaljc ami />rt'rrc;icc. Accommodation
road, a road constructed to give access to ai'articiihir piece a friend on a walk or journey; men-of-war
:

wanting as (af) To equip or provide with

:
of land. Rapalje and Lawrence. [Eng.] Accommodation toYm.ev\y accompanied fleets of merchant ships; material things.
train, a railway-train which stops at all or nearly all the he was "everywhere accompanied by (not with) The armoiu"ers, accompUshintj the knights.
stations on the road called in Great Britain a parliamen-
: Shak., Hen. V., iv. (cho.).
tary train: opposed to ea;^ress-(rrtj"/). Accommodation his dog.
It [the moon] is fully accomplished for all those ends to
works, works which an English railway company is re- They accompanied him unto the ship. Acts XX. 2
which Providence did appoint it.
quired by 8 .and 9 Vict. xx. to make and maintain "for the
accomnii>dation of the owners and occupiers of land ad- 4. To put in company
(with) cause to be or ; Bp. Wilkins, Slath. Works, i.

joining the railway, as gates, bridges, culverts, fences, etc. go along (with); combine; associate: as, tortc- (J) To equip
or furnish mentally; fit by educa-
accommodative (a-kom'o-da-tiv), a. [< c- company a remark with (not by) a bow; he ac- tion or training.
commodate + -ipe ; ' It. accomodativo.'i Dis- companied his speech with rapid gestures. 5. His lady is open, chatty, fond of her children, and anx-
posed or tending to accommodate, or to be In music, to play or sing an accompaniment to ious to accomplish them. Mme. D'Arblay, Diary, vi. 202.
accommodating adaptive. ; or for: as, he accompanied her on the piano. I can still less pause . . even to enumerate the suc-
.

cession of influences which had . . . accomplished

6t. To cohabit with.
.

The strength
.

of the infective qualities of these organ-

them for their great work there and here.
isms may be greatly increased by an accommodative cul- The phasma accompanies her, at least as she
. . .
R. Choate, Addresses, p. 82.
ture. Pop. Sci. Mo., XX. 426. imagines. Sir T. Her'oert, Travels, p. 374.
= S3m. 1 and 2. Execute. Achieve, etc. (see perform), com-
accommodativeness (a-kom'o-da-tiv-nes), n. = Syn. attend, escort, wait on, go with, convoy, be
'1'" plete, finish, consummate, succeed in, work out, fulfil,
The quality of being accommodative. associated with, coexist. realize, bring to pass, end.
 ; ; :

38 account
accomplishable
iii-k..m'pUsh-a-bl), a. Capable You must buy
that peace accordingly (a-kor'ding-li), adv. 1. Agreeably;
accomplishable With full accord to all our just demands. suitably in a manner conformable as, those ;
:

aeeompliflieil. Sliak., Hen. V., v. 2.

ol; beii.i-'
who live in faith and good works will bo re-
accomplished (a-kom'pUsht), p. a. 1. Com- 2. A imion of different soimds which is agree- warded accordingly.
pleted: effected: as, an accomplished fact. able to the ear concord harmony, Whenever yo^i are to do a thing, though it can never be
2 Perfected ; finished : consiunmate : used m ;

Those sweet accords are even the angels' lays.

;

known but to yourself, ask yourself how you would act

either a good or a bad sense : as, an
acconi- Sir J. Daric.-', Immortal, of Soul, ii. 1. were all tlie world looking at you, and act accordinott/.
\Tllain. Jcjiersan, Correspondence, I. 2H6.
plislied scholar ; an accomplislml 3. Agreement just correspondence of things
Know vou not the Egyptian Ziibdas ?- the mirror of 2. In assent or compliance ; acquiescently.
;

harmony of relation as, the accord of light and

aaomplUhid knighthood - the P- 1" of the state - the
:

Upon this the Sultan was directed to place himself by a

^", Zenobia, I. 69. shade in painting. huge tub of water; which he did accordinffly.
AnreUii of the E.ist V

Beauty is nothing else but a just aecord and mutual Addison, Spectator, No. 94.
3 Possessing accomplishments; having the hannony of the members, animated by a healthful consti- = Syn. 2. Tlicrrfore, Wherefore, .iccnrdingly, etc. See
attainments and graces of cultivated or fashion- tution Driiden. tr. of Dufresnoy's Art of Painting. Pl-ef.
tlierejorc.
able society. 4. Will; voluntary or spontaneous impulse or accoirdion (a-kor'di-on), H. [Also spelled ac-
An aecomplUhed
'^ and beautiful young lady.
Thackeray, Newcomes.
act; unaided action or operation : preceded by cordeon, < F'.' accordeon, < accorder, be in har-
own. mony, accord.] A small keyed wind-instru-
accomplisher (a-kom'pUsh-er), n. One who ac- Being more forward, of his oito oecord he went imto ment, opening and shutting like a bellows, aud
complishes or fulfils. j.ou_ 2 Cor. viil. 17.
ha-ving its tones generated by the play of wind
The Fate after .all, are the atcomptishers of our hopes. Now of my otm accord such other trial
thus prodticed upon metallic reeds. It is con-
Thoreau, Letters, p. 26. I mean to show you of my strength.
structed on the same principle as the concertina and the
Milton, S. A., I. 1643.
accomplishing (a-kom'plish-ing), H. That harmonium, but is mudi inferior to them.
which is accomplished or completed. [Rare.] 5. Adjustment of a difference ; reconciliation: accorfiionist (a-kor'di-on-ist), n. player on A
simply enumerate, as ends, all that a university as, the mediator of an accord, the accordion.
I shall
should accomplish, although these accompluhin{7s may, If both are satisfied with this accord, accorporatet (a-k6r'po-rat), r. t. [<Ii. accor-
strictly considered, often partake more of the character Sv.-ear by the laws of knighthood on my sword. porotns, pp. of accorpnrarc, <ad, to, corpo- +
Si> "- i/<i""on. Drydcn, Fables. To
o( means. rarc, form into a body: see corpora'cl
accomplishment (a-kom'plish-ment), H. [< ac- Specifically, in lau\ an agreement which is made between incorporate ; tmite.
+
-Mciit, after F. accomplissemoit.] parties for the settlement of a liability or controvei-sy, and
ciiiniili.sh Custom, being but a mere face, as echo is a mere voice,
which, when executed, that is, carried into effect, is
act of accomplishing or carrying into
The rests not in her nnaccomplishment, until by secret inclina-
1. termed an accord and sati-ij'actimi, and bars or terminates
tion she accorporaU herself with errour.
effect; fulfilment; achievement: as, the ac- a suit extra-judicial agreement or arrangement.
a private
complMment of a prophecy; the acconn)lish-
;

6 Inmusic, same US chord. 7. ^V/?(f., the con-

shon), n. Incor- .. , , ,,
Milton, Pref. to Doct. ol Divorce.
- -,, x t,.
which a fortress or eoinmand of accorporationt (a-kor-p9-ra
-

vieiit of our desires or ends. ditions imder

1-

I once liad faith and force enough to form

generous
aud to do what in me
troops is surrendered
To be at accord, to be in
poration
O/iaiiccr. To fall Of accord t, to come into accost (a-kosf), r. [< F. accoster, <0F. acos-
hopes of the world's destiny . . . agl-cement.
=
lay for their accutiiiAixbment. agreement, Chaucer. tcr, come alongside of, approach, touch, Sp.
JJaivlhome, Blithedale Romance, ii.
accordablet (a-k6r'da-bl), a. [<ME. acordahlc, Pg. acostar = It. acco.'itan; < ML. accmtarc, set
2. An acquirement an attainment, esjieciaUy ; 'acorddbJe, F. accordable, < OF. acorder : <0F. one'.s self alongside of, < L. ad, to, + costa, a
such as belongs to cultivated or fashionable see accord. Ct.Sp.acordaWemente,a.Av.'] Capa- rib, a side see coast, accoa,^t, and costal.] I.
:

society : generally in the plural. ble of being harmonized or reconciled ; conso- trans. If. To come side by side or face to face
I was then young enough, and silly enough, to think
nant; agreeable. with; draw near; approach; make up to.
earning was one of their accompHnhmcnt^. accordance (a-kor'dans), n. [< ME. PO)-rfrt'. .iccosl [her]. Sir .-Indrew, occost. What's that? .ilccavf
Chctterfield, Letters. is, front her, boai-d her, woo her, assail her.
acordaunce, i'OV. abordance, later accordance
SAa*., T..N., 1. 3.
Yet wanting the accomiilishment of verse. (=Pr. acordayisa), < acordant, etc.: see accor- To speak adib-ess.
to
Wordtfworlft, 2. ;
dan ?.] 1 . The state of being in accord ; agree- With taunts the distant giant I accost.
= 8yn. 1. Completion, fulfilment, perfection, perfonn-
ment with a person ; conformity to a thing Pope, Odyssey, x.
ancc. execution, achievement. 2. Acqiiircinnits. Aajui-
filiuiu, AHainiiu-nli, etc. (sec aeijiiircmmt). i|ualitlcations, harmony. Being shown into the common room, I was accmled by
skill, gnices. Their voices are in admirable accordance with the tran- a very well-dressed gentleman. Goldsmith, Vicar, xviii.
accomptt, accomptablet, accomptantt. oee quil solitude of a summer afternoon.
Hawthorne, Old Manse. 3t. To border on ; adjoin.
account, etc. [The spellings cco*(/j?. acannptahU-, etc., Lapland hath since been often surrounded (so much as
arc artificial forms used, not prevailingly, in the sixteenth There is a remarkable accordance in the power of diges- accosts the sea) by the English.
and seventeenth centuries. They are now obsolete, or tion between the gastric juice of animals with its pepsin Fnllcr, Worthies, Derbyshire.
nearly so, though accmnpt and accnmptant may still be and hydrochloric acid, and the secretion of Droxera with
used in the formal or legal style. The pronunciation has its ferment and acid belonging to the acetic series. II,t intrans. To adjoin ; be adjacent.
always ciintorined to the regular spelling, <lccoli?i(, accaunt- Varniin, Insectlv. Plants, vi. The shores which to the sea accoste.
nU..'lc.) Spenser, . tj., V. xi. 42.
2. The act of according, granting, or gi^^ng.
accoraget, ' ' See accnurage. Spenser. -Syn. Harmony, unison, coincidence.
1. ^ accost (a-k6st'), i>. The act of accosting; ad-
accord (a-kord'), v. [<IkIE. acnrdeii (loss frc-
accordancy (a-k6r'dan-si), i. Same as accor- dress ; salutation.
nuiutly accordeii), agree, be in harmony, trans, diuice, but less used. He revealed himself in his accost.
bring into agreement, <0F. acordcr, agree (F. accordant (a-km-'daut), a. [<ME. acordant. Arch, l-'orhrs, Soiivenli-s of some Continents, p. 101.
aceorrler =
Sp. Pr. Pg. acordar It. accurdarc), = iicordannt, < OF. acordant, F. accordant, agree-
accostable (a-kos'tit^bl), o, [<F. accostabic,
< ML. accurdarc, agree, < L. ad, to, + cor (cord-) ing with, < ML. accordan(t-)s, ppr. of acrordarc, < accoster, approach: see accost, r.] Capable
= E. heart. Cf. concord and discord.'] I. in- agree : see accord, v.'] Corresponding con- of being accosted easy of access affable.
; ; ;

trnnx. 1. To agree; be in correspondenco or formable consonant agreeable of the same

; ; The French are a free, debonnair, accoslalilc people.
;

harmony. mind ; hannouiotis sometimes followed by /,

:
Howell, Letters, ii. 12.
.My heart accordeth with my tongue. but more commonly by icith : as, this was not accosted (a-kos'ted), ;;. a. In her.: (a) Placed
Shak., 2 Uen. VI., iii. 1.
accordant to his tastes, or with his principles. on either or on each side of a principal charge
That nihid and soul, nccordinfj well,
If he found her accordant. .'ihnk.. Much Ado. 2. as, a bend accostid by two
i.
May make one music as liefore.
Tennjiion, In Mcnoriani (Int.). llilsic and meaning floated together, accordant as swan beiidlets. (/)) Placed side by

Their minds accorded into one strain, and made ilelight- and shadow. Loiivll. Among my H6ok8, 2d scr., p. side, as two beasts, whether
:<;;(;.

flll mualc. Ilawlhome, Snow Image, p. hs. In the neighboring hall a strain of music, proceeding facing in the same direction
2. To make an agreement ; come to an under- From the accordant strings of Michael's melodious fiddle. or not.
Loncifclloic, Kvangeline, ii. :i.

standing. accouche (a-kosh'), v. i. [< F.

We arruriUd before dinner. .Scoll, Wnverley. II. xlx. accordantly (:i-kor'd,ant-li), adr. In an accor- (1,1-oncliir, tr. deliver, intr. bo

To make dant njiinncr; in accordance or agreement, deliyered, give birth, < OF.
n. tranti. 1. to agree or coitc-
Hponii ; adapt, u.s one thing to another. [Rare.] accorder (ii-kor'dir), . One who accords or acouchcr. lay one's self down
Her hiindu areunted the lute's music to the voice.
agrees; oiie who grants or bestows. [Hare.] A llclul Acco5lC(l by
Ueiullelt.
in bed, < a- "(L. ad), to. cou- +
according (a-k6r'ding), ;). a. 1. Agreeing: chcr, earlier catcher, colder, F.
iS'i'r I\ Sidney, Arcadia, ii.

harmonious. conchrr, lay one's self down, lie down: soo

2. To bring to un agreement or a Bettlement;
Hottle, ndJuHl, or compose; reconcile: us, to Tir accordint/ music of a well-lnixed state. conch, r.] To act as iin accoucheur or a mid-
]'opc, Kssay on Man, III. 2iil. wife. ,Y. /;. /).
acconi controvirsiiH.
2. Suitable; agreeable; in accordance; in pro- accouchement (a-kiish'moii), . [F., < accow
llniiliiK Minch !'> t.i acrord differing Writers, and to
pick trueth out of parllallt^'.
.Sir /'. Sidnrii, Apol. for I'oetric.
Im thrrp no way open to accord tills difference,
left
Itut you muNt make with your swords?
on,-
I.nnnfrlluw, Spaulnh Student, II. 0.

3. '!' LI ril : give; i-oncedc; a.H, to nororrf duo

pr 'irie.
ti 'bni-t ifttoltit Tmeketw; hcwn^ whistling
'' - r .
imving
 ;
:; ;; ;

account 39 accoutrement
I have been accounted a good stick in a country-dance. prices obtained, and the net result after deduction of ex- accountably (a-kouu'ta-bli), adv. In an ae-
Sheridan, The Kivals, iii. 4. penses, etc.
Account stated, an account or statement coiuilalile manner,
He (ails obtain wliat he accounts liis right. showing the result of a course of transactions, for adjust-
liyowniiif/, Ring and Bool<, I. 180. inent between the parties. S(nnetiinesc;ill('tl arfate. Ac- accountancy (a-koun'tan-si), H. The art or
tion of account, or writ of account, in lnn; an action or jjractioo of an accountant. N. E. D.
2t. To reckon or compute ; count. writ which the i)laiiitilf lirings, demanding that the defen- accountant (a-koun'tant), n. and a. [Also
The motion of the sun wliereby years are accounted. dant shall render his just account, or show good cause to
written accomptant, < i\ acconiplant (OF. ac^in-
Sir T. Brouine, Vulg. Err. the contrary. For account of, on behalf of as, sold/or :

account of A. li. that is, disposed of by sale, and to be

,
oiaccompter: see account and -ant^."]
tant), ppr.
3. To assign or impute give the eretlit of who is skilled in or who keeps ac-
;
accounted for to A. B. For the account, for settlement 1. n. One
reckon as belonging or attributable. [Rare.] on the regular settling-day, and .not for ctish or ready counts; one who makes the keeping or exami-
Even as Abraham I>elieved God, .and it was accounted money used on the stock exchange. 8ee above, 4. In
: nation of accounts his profession ; an officer
to liini for righteousness. Gal. 11. 6. account with, having business dealings with (some oiu-),
re(jniriiig tlie keeping of an account. JMoney Of ac- in a jjublic office who has charge of the ac-
You have all sorts of graces accounted to you.
count, a denomination of money used in reckoning, Imt counts. Also spelled accomptant.
Jerrold, Works, IV. 408.
not lurrent as coins thus, in China, the tael or oinice- :

Il.t a. Giving account accountable re-; ;

4t. To give an account, reason, or explanation weiglit of silver is a moner/ of account. On or to ac-
count, ius an instalment or interim payment. On one's sponsible .

of explain.
;
His offence is so, as it appears,
A way of accuuntinf/ the solidity of ice. Glanville,
own account, for one's self; (or one's own interest and
Accountant to the law upon that pain.
at one's own risk as, he has gone into business on /u*' oirn
5t. To take into consideration. Chaucer. 6t. :

aci-ciiiit.To go on the accountt, to join a piratical ex-

pedition turn pirate: jMoliably from the parties sharing
Sliak., M. for II., ii. 4.

To recount; relate. Chaucer. ;

II. intrans. 1. To render an
lation of particulars answer in a responsible
character followed by with or to before a per-
: then.
son, and by for before a thing as, an officer
must account with or to the treasurer/oc money
received.
as in u eoiumercial venture.
accountant-general (a-koun'tant-jen'e-ral), n.
account or re- The principal or responsible aecoimtant in
I hope it is no new thing for gentlemen of fortune who
;
are (joint; on the account, to change a captain now and
a public otHce or in a mercantile or banking
Scott. house or company; in England, formerly also
:
To make accountt, to form an expectation; judge; an officer in chancery who received all moneys
reekuii. lodged in court and deposited the same in the
This other part makes account to find no slender Bank of England.
. . .

They must account to rae /or these things, which I miss argniiii'iits ti.r tliis assertion out of those very Scripttn-es accountantship (a-koun'tant-ship), n. The
so greatly. Lamb, Old Benchers. which are commoidy urged against it. Milton. office or emplojTneut of an aecoimtant.
2. To fui'uish or assign a reason or reasons; They made no account but that the navy should be ab- account-book (a-kount'biik), n. A book con-
solutely master of the seas.
give an explanation with for: as, idleness ac- :
Bacon, Consid. of War with Spain.
taining accounts, especially one containing a
counts for poverty. record of sales, purchases, and payments; a
To make account of, to hold In estimation or esteem
You'll not let me speak
I say the lady can account for value: generally with an adjective of quantity, as tnuch, ruled book for entering details of receipts and
tins much better than I can. Sheridan, The Rivals, iv. 2. little, no, etc. : as, he mukes no account o/ difficulties. expenditiu-es.
3t. To reckon ; count. What is . . . accoun't-day (a-kount'da), n. A day set apart
the son of man, that thou makrst account
Calendar months, by which months we still aa'own(.
. . .
of him !
once in each half month for the adjustment of
Ps. cxliv. 3.
Holder, On Time. We never make much account of objections [to war] differences between brokers on the English
To account oft, to make account of esteem. ;
which merely respect the actual state of the world at this stock exchange. A similar practice prevails
moment, but which admit the general expediency and
It [silver] was nothing accounted of in the days of in the Continental bourses.
permanent excellence of the project.
Solomon. 1 Ki. .x. 21.
[<F. accoupler, join,
Emerson, Misc., p. 189. accouplet (a-kup'l), v. t.
To open an account with, to liegln a course of dealings < OF. aconpler, also acouhler = Sp. acoplar = It.
I acroiint of her beauty. Sha/c, T. G. of V., 11. 1.

account (a-kounf), n. [< ME. acount, acunt, with, reqiiirini; t!i<* lo ]JM^<.f an account. TO take intoi accoppiare, < ML. accopulare, < L. ad, to, +
acoiit, < OF. acunt, acont (< a- + cont, < L. com- account, to tnkr ioti. nmsiilevation; make a jjart of the copulare, couple see couple, v."] To join or :
reekonineurt'stitiiiit.-. := Syn. 5. Account, Relation, Narra-
putuiii,a calculation), acunte, aconte (later OF. link together luiite couple. ;
tion, Xarni/irr, U.'iital. ^.'cvrrj'y'^j'on, 'S'(on/, statement, re- ;

and ME. acompt, acompte: see accompt), < OF. hearsal, ehrnnielL-, liistory, tale, report. These words agree The Englishmen accoupled themselves with the French-
acunter, aconter : see account, r.'] 1. A reckon- In denoting the rehearsal of an event or of a series if events. < men. Halt, Chronicles, Hen. VIII., an. 9.
ing, an enumeration, or a computation meth- ; .4 ceo((ii( directs attention to the facts related rather than to
accouplement (a-kup'1-ment), . [<F. accow-
the relatcr ; it is the most general term. Relation is also
od of computing: as, the Julian accoi of time. general in its meaning, but implies more directly a re- plement = accoppiamento : see accouple.'] 1.
lt.
TlKlt . . .
later; it is less used iir this sense than the corresponding The act of aecoupling or connecting in pairs
I might in virtues, beauties, livings, friends, verb relate. It holds a middle place between arciunit and
E.vceed account. Sha/i., M. of V., iii. 2.
union in couples marriage. [Rare.] ;
narrative. Narration is the act of narrating: the mean-
The son born of such an accouplement shall be most
A reckoning of money or business a state- ing " the thing narrated has by desynonymization been untow.ard.
"
2. ;
Trial of Men's Wits, p. 308.
up to narrative. A naiTative sets forth a series of
ment or record of financial or peetmiary trans- givenincidents dependent upon each other for meaning and
actions, with their debits and credits, or of value, and generally drawn from the personal knowledge 2. In carp. () tie or brace. (6) The entire : A
money received and paid and the balance on of the narrator. A recital is a narrative, usually of events piece of work formed by a brace and the tim-
hand or due as, to keep accounts ; to make out that peculiarly affect the interests or the feelings of the bers which it joins.
:

an account. 3. A
coui-se of business dealings
reciter hence it Is generally more detailed as, the re- accouraget (a-km-'aj), v. t.
cital of one's wrongs, griefs, troubles. A description is an
;
[< OF. accourager,
earlier acoraf/er, dcorayicr, inspire -with cour-
:

or relations requiring the keeping of records account addressed to tlie imagination, a picture in words.
as, to have an account with the bank.
4. On A story is by derivation a short history, and by develop- age, < a- (L. ad), to, coragc, euraige, courage. +
the .^tock e.tchange, that part of the transactions ment a narrative designed to interest and please. There Cf. encourage.'] To ene'om'age.
may be an account of a battle or a burgliiry; a relation of But he endevored with speaches milde
between buyer and seller to be settled on the an adventure; araanof extraordinary powersof;iarra(io,
fortnightly or monthly settling-day as, I have
Her to recomfort, and accourage bold.
so that his narrative is exact and vivid; a. recital of one's
:
Spenser, F. Q., HI. viii. 34.
sold A. B. 500 shares for the account. 5. Nar-
dent a story of a life.

personal sufferings; a description of a scene or an inci-
(a-kort'), ac- court. Cf OF. +
rative ; relation statement of facts ; a recital,
;
accourtt ; V. t. [< .

(a-koimf), pp. [Reduced from ac- accort, ei\-il, polite, accortement, accortise, po-^
verbal or written, of particular transactions accountt
and events: as, an account of the I'evolution in counted.] Accounted; reckoned. liteness, courtesy, as if from a verb *accorter.']
France. Was with long use account no sin. To entertain with courtesy.

Shak., Pericles, i.,Gower.

The account which Thucydides has given of the retreat Accourting each her friend with lavish test.

from Syracuse is among narratives what Vandyke's Lord [In older editions this is printed accoitnt'd.] Spenser, F. Q., II. li. 16.

Strafford among paintings.

Is Macaulay, Hist. Eng. accountability (a-koun-ta-bil'i-ti), n. The accoutre, accouter (a-ko'ter), v. t. pret. and ;

6. A statement of reasons, -causes, grounds, state of lieiug accountable or answerable re- pp. accoutred or accoutered, ppr. accoutring or ;

etc., explanatory of some event: as, no satis- sponsibility for the fulfilment of obligations accoutering. [< F. accoutrcr, earlier accoustrer,
factory Account has yet been given of these liability to account for conduct, meet or suffer acoustrer, acoutrer, clothe, dress, equip, ar-

phenomena. 7. An explanatory statement or consequences, etc. as, to hold a trustee to his range, Pr. acotrar, acoutrar ; of uncertain :
=
vindication of one's conduct, such as is given accountahilitij ; the accountahilitij of parents to- origin; perhaps < OF. a- (L. ad) + coustcur,
to a superior. ward their children, or of men toward God. coustre, coutre, the sexton of a chm-eh, one of
Give an account of thy stewardship. Luke -xvi. 2. The awftd idea of accountability. R. Hall. whose duties was to take care of the sacred
8. Reason or consideration; ground: used accountable (a-koun'ta-bl), a. l< account + vestments, both of the priest and of the image
with on : as, on all accounts; on every accoxmt; -able. Of. F. comptahlc, accountable, respon- of the Virgin prob. < L. *cu.storem for custodem, ;

on account of. sible.] 1. Liable to be called to account; re- nom. custos, a guardian, keeper see custo- :

He [Bacon] valued geometry chiefly, if not solely, on sponsible, as for a trust or obligation answer- dian.] To dress, equip,, or fm-nish; specifi- ;

account of those uses, which to Plato appeared so base. able, as for conduct as, every man is account- cally, array in a military dress; put on or :

Macaulay, Lord Bacon. able to God for his conduct a sheriff is account- furnish with accoutrements. ;

9. Estimation esteem distinction ; dignity

; alile as bailiff' and receiver of goods.
; Upon the word.
consequence or importance. Subjects therefore are accountaUe to superiors. Accoutred as I was, I plunged in.
Dryden, Post, to Hist, of League. Shak., J. C, 1. 2.
There never was a time when men wrote so much and so
well, and that without being of any great account them- He unglrds his horse, claps the whole equipage on his
2. Of which an account can be given; that own back, and, thus accoutred, marches on the next inn.
selves. F. Halt, Mod. Eng., p. 293.
can be accotmted for : in this use opposed to Goldsmith, The Bee, No. 2.
10. Profit; advantage as, to find one's account unaccountable. [Rare.]
:
accoutred with so noble a furniture of
Our globe, . . .

in a pm-suit ; to turn anything to account. We can never frame any accountable relation to it [our air, light, and gravity. Derham, Physico-Theol., 1. .5.

W^iy deprive us of a malady by which such numbers country], nor consequently assign any natural or proper
find their account? Goldsmith, The Bee, No. 5. affection toward it. Sliaftcsliury, JIlsc, 3. accoutrement, accouterment (a-ko'ter-ment),
n. 1. Personal vestment or clothing; equip-
Accountable receipt, a written acknowledgment of the
11. Regard; behalf; sake: as, all this trouble receipt of inont-y (.-r goods to be accounted for by the ment or furnishing in general ; an-ay ; apparel.
I have incmTed on yoiu' account. reeei\ er. It ditfers from an ordinary receipt or acquittance [Rare in the singiilar.]
Sometimes spelled accompt. In that the latter imports merely that money has been
paid. = Syn. 1. .-Vmenable, answerable, responsible.
And not alone in habit and deWce,
Account current, open account, a course of business Exterior form, outward accoutrement.
dealings still cuntiuuing lit.t\vi'tn two parties, or an account The
notst,ated. Account rendered, a statement presented by
accountableness (a-koun'ta-bl-nes), n. Shak., K. John, i. 1.

a creditorto his debt(jr, slio iii:^ tliL- charges of the former state of being aceoimtable ; accountability. T profess requital to a hair's breadth ; not only, ilistress
against the latter. Account sales (an abbreviation of Tied to no creed and confessing no intellectiuil account- Ford, In the simple office of love, but in all the accoutre-
account of the sales), a separate acc(Uint rendered to his ableness to any power less than the Eternal Reason. ment, complement, and ceremony of it.

principal by a factor or broker, showing the goods sold, the Bellows, Introd. to Martlneau's Materialism, p. 7. Shak., M. W. of W., iv. 2.
 ; " .

40 accumbent
accoutrement
The silent aecrescence of belief from the unwatched de- cruc,creic: see crewi, and cf. recruit.'] If An
2. pi. Dress in relation to its component parts ;
positions of a general, never contradicted, hearsay. accession; addition; reinforcement.
equipage; trappings; specifically, the equip- Coleridge, Statesman's Manual (1839), App. B, p. 296.
The towne of Calls and the forts thereabouts were not
ments of a soldier except aims and clothing 2. That by which anything is increased; an supiilieil with anie new accrewes of soldiers.
equipage for military service. See equipage. increment. UoUnshed, Chron., III. 1135 1.
In robes of peace, accoutmn-ntii of rest,
Should be able ... to oppose the French by the acenu of
He was advanc'd a counsellor. accrescent (a-kres'ent), a. [< L. ac<}resc^n{t-)s, D.) K
Scotl.ind. M. Godiryn, Annals Eng., III. 2S3. (xV.
J-'ord, Fame s Memorial. ppr. of accrcscere, grow: see accresce.'] In-
roujrh accoutrements. creasing; growing. Specifically, in bot., applied to 2. A loop or stitch forming an extra mesh in
Amon" piled arms and
ye"yat>;i. The Princess, V. parts connected with the flower which increase in size network.
after flowering, as frequently occurs with the calyx, invo- There are also accrues, false meshes, or quartering?,
accoyt (a-koi' ), v. t. [< JfE. acoicn, < OF. acoier, lucre, ett which are loops inserted in any given row, by wliicli the
qui.-t, <- (L. ad), to, + coi, quiet:
1. To render quiet soothe.
see coj/i.] accrescimento(ak-ki-esh-i-men't6), h. [It: see
.,
accrcscc] In tuu.iic, the increase of the dura-
,
... ..
niunbcr of meshes is increased. Encyc. Brit., XVII. 3oy.
;
^^^^3 (a-ki-o'), v. i. ; pret. and pp. accrued, ppr.
An J with kind words accoyd, vowing great love to mee. tion of a sound by one half, indicated by a dot p^,.,,y; [Also fl-i-itteu accrew (now obs.), <"
IV. Speiuier, F. Q., \-iii. 59. '
after the note. ME. acreice, v., < *acrcire, n. see
"
: accrue, .]
2. To dishearten ; daunt ; subdue. accrete (a-kref), ; pret. and pp. accrelcd, It. To grow; increase; augment.
Then is vour carelesse courage accoyed. ppr. accreting. [< L. accretus, pp. of accrcscere : .\nd, though powre faild, her courage did accrmtf.
Spenser, Shep. CaL (Feb.).
see accresce.'] I. intrans. 1. To grow by ac- S]>enscr, F. Q., V. v. 7.

accraset, r. t. See acraze. cretion ; gather additions from without. [Rare.] 2. or result as a natm-al growth;
To happen
accreaset (a-kres'), v. i. [Formerly also ac- We see everpvhere wasted clilfs .and denuded shores, come or fall as an addition or increment, as of
creace, accieis, < ME. acresen, increase, < OF. or accreted sliingle-bauks and sand-hills.
A', and Q., 7th ser., II. 62.
profit or loss, advantage or damage ; arise in
later accroiatrc, mod. F. accioi /re =Sp.
acreislre,
due cotu'se as, a profit accrues to government
acrecer = It.
accrescerc, < L. accrcscere, grow, 2. To be added; adhere; become attached by a
:

from the coinage of copper; the natural in-

become larger by growth, increase: see ac- process of accretion. crease accrues to the common benefit.
cresce (a later form, after the L.), increase, de- Centres about wluch thought has accreted, instead of
To increase. To no one can any benefit accrue from such aerial
crease, etc., and der. accrue.'} crystallizing into itsown free forms. speculations ... as crowd almost every book in our lan-
G. S. Hall, German Culture, p. 161.
F. Ball, Jlod. Eng., I'ref.
Aeerescere, to increase, to accrease, to add vnto, ... to guage that we turn to.
accrew, to eeke. - Flvrio. II. trans. To cause to grow or unite, That pleasure wliich accrues from good actions.
Such as ask, why the sea doth never debord nor acereatv accrete (a-kref), a. [<L. accretus, pp. of ac- J. F. Clarke, Ten Great Relig., ii. f..
a whit. D. Pertnn, Varieties, I 6, 24. (A'. E. D.) crcscere : see accresce.] Grown together ; formed 3. In law, to become a present and enforcible
accredit (a-kred'it), r. t. [< F. accrediter, ear bv accretion ; accreted. right or demand. Thus the right to set up the statute
lier (u'l-erfi (<!, accredit, <nc- (L.nd), to, +cm?i7, accretion (a-kre'shon), . [<L. aceretio(n-). of limitations against a claim accrues by lapse of time a :

n., credit (see credit, n. ); =Sp. 'Pg. acreditar < accretus, pp. of accrcscere, gi-ow : see accresce cause of action on a note does not accnie till the note
=It. accreditare, accredit, similarly formed.] and ncCT-e/e.l 1. The act of accreting or accres- becomes payable. .. " ... -
accrued (a-ki;od""),p a. In 7(cr., full-grown: an
"
1. To give credit or credence to; repose confi- cing; a growing to; an increase by natui'al
applied to trees,
dence ; mtrust ; esteem. grolrth; an addition; specifically, an increase einthct
ac'cruement (a-kro'ment), 11. 1. Accrual.
Such were the principal terms of the surrender of Gra- by an accession ot jiarts externally.
nad.1, as authenticated by the most accrt^dited Castilian and 2. That which accrues; an addition; incre-
The phrase " living language," used with reference to
Arabic authorities. J'resmlt, Ferd. and Isa., i. 15. facts, must import perpetual excretion and accretion of
niont
His party will . protect and accredit him, in spite of
. . substance, involving or producing assimilation, develop- accruer (a-ki-6'er), n. l< accrue -er", as 111 +
conduct the most contradictory to their own principles. ment, and renewal. F. Hall, Hod. Eng., p. Is. Kscr, trover, icairer, and other law terms, where
Scott.
A mineral or unorganized body can undergo no change -(; represents the F. inf. suffix.] In laic, the
2. To confer credit or authority on; stamp with save by the operation of mechanical or chemical forces; act or fact of accruing; accrual
and any increase of its bulk is due to the addition of like
Clause of ac-
authority. cruer, a clause in a deed or be<iuest to several persons,
particles to its exterior it augments not by growth but lircctiiig to whom, in case of the
:
death of one or more,
With the best writers of oiu- age. accredit is " invest with by accretion. Owen, Comp. Anat., i.
his or their shares shall go or accrue.
credit or anth<irity," to which may be added its diplo-
matic sense, '"scud with letters credential." 2. In pa thol., the grovring together of parts nor- acct. curt. In com., a contraction of account
F. Hall, Jlod. F.ng., p. 284. mally separate, as the fingers or toes. 3. The current. Originally written "jc, a symbol now
1 am better pleased indeed that he censures some things thing added; an extraneous addition; an ac- almost exclusively used ___ for account. ,

than I should have Tieen with unmixed commendation for cession: commonly used in the plural, and re- accubation (ak-ii-ba'shon),
; [<L. accului-
his censure will accredit his praises.
. . .
strieted to accessions
Cowjier, Letters,
made slowly and
xliii.
gradu- ti<}(u-), <accul)arc, lie hear, osp. recline at ta-
by some external force to, +cubare, lie down. See incubate
Hence, specifically 3. To send with cre-
ally
He strove to pare away the accretions of age.
ble,
and
<ad,
accunih.] 1. The act of lying down or re-
dentials, as an envoy. Mcrivale, Hist.. Romans, V.
clining; specifically, the ancient practice, de-
l.'iO.

According to their rank, some agents of foreign govern- 4. Inlaw: (n) The increase or growth ot prop- rived from the Orient, of eating meals in a re-
ments are directly accredited to a sovereign, and others
to his minister of foreign atfairs.
erty by external accessions, as by alluvium cumbent posture. Among the Greeks at the time of
Woolscy, Introd. to Inter. Law, 91. natiu-ally added to land situated on the bank of llull.inii'lie pocrn.s this iii:i.ti.c h:wl nut yet liecn adojdcd ;

a river, or on the seashore. When the accretion 1ml in liislinical times it ohiaiiicd in gem nil iini.vng Imth
4. To believe ; accept as true.
takes place by small and impcrciptible degrees it belongs
Greeks and IvLinuins, and it i.s illustrated in eai-l.\vase-l)Uint-
He accredited and repeated stories of apparitions, and ings. It w:is customary to eat reclining diagonally toward
to the owner of the land innnediately behind, but if it
witchcraft, and posses.^ion, s^> silly, as well :.s monstrous, Ls sudden and considerable it may belong to the
that they might have nauseated tlie troarsest appetite for state, (ft) In ticots law, the completion of
wonrler. Southey, Life of Wesley, 11. 198.
an originally detective or imperfect light
. 6. To a-scribe or attribute to ; invest -with the
by some subsequent act on the part of tlie
credit ot : followed by with. person from whom tlie right wasdeinved.
Mr. Bright himself was rt/rrrt/i'/z^n/'i^A having said that onnretive ^' (a-krC/tiv)" a Of or pertain-
was like '^^^'^'"-
his iiw[i itfort to arouse a reforming spirit . . . -

floguiriu'a de:wi horse. McCarthy, Hist. <-)wn Times, xl. ing to accretion; increasing or adding
pret. and pp. by growth; growing; accrescent: as,
accreditatet (a-kred'i-tSt), v. t. ;
motion of plants," Glan-
"tlie aceretire
accrcdittiteil, ppr. accreditating. [As accredit +
rille, Seep. Sci., ix. CO. Accubation. An ancient dinner.
-n/f2.] Same as accredit.
and Obsolete
accrewt, accrewet, r.
.She Ifowcd, kiMing the Thracian's hands, who would not the table, resting on couches, cither flat on the breast
spellings ot accrue. The spelling is retained ii
reslni It, to aecreditate the beginnings of his Love to be of
entlmation. the clipped,
form erew^ (which
._
Sir A foVflin.-, Ir. ,.fT/.rcdano, Uianca, IV. s:i. (.V. E. I>.) aCCrlminatet (a-ki'mi'i-nat), r. t.
see).
y

[(.ac- + crim-
t
, -
or sunpiu'ted on the left elbow in a semi-sitting position.
Cushions were providcil to relieve the strain upon the el-
bow and the back. The table was usually a little lower
fukrcd-i-ta'shon), The '"'"' aeriniinar, exaggerate a crime, timn the cimehes, for coiivcnieiico in reaching the food.
accreditationt . act (<'f. !^P-
See triclinium.
of uccnditiiig, or the state of being accredited. accuHc) : sec criminate.] To charge witli a
<'riine. Which gcstn-e . . cannot be avoided in the laws of
IlftvInK receivid tiiy itiMtruetions and lelter of rtccrc'fi*- _ , .. ry-^rr^ \cculialion. Sir T. Urownc, Vidg. Err., v. 6.
[< ML. acrochen,
i
(ndVm from thi- Ij.ri of Hillsborough on the nth day ot accroacnt (a-kroch'), v. t. r<
April, I7H0. .Mm,. / II. Cumberland,!. 41-. {,\. E. D.) < OF. aecrocher, fix on a hook, hook up, < a- (1<. 2. In med., lying-in; ctmfinement; accouche-
accrementitial (ak're-men-tish'al), a. [<L. as ad), to, croc, a hook, a crook: see crooh- and + incnl . Still. Sin', l.cr.
if 'uerrrmcniuin (foiiiid once, but a false read- crochet. ('(. encroach.] 1. To liook, or draw lo accumbt (u-kumb'), r. /. [(\i. accumhere, lie
ing), addition (<. arcrescere, increase: see ac- one's self as willi n hook. 2. In old laws, to nciir,isp. recline at fable, (ad, lo, 'cumbere +
CTCM-r, mid cf. Mcremrnt, increment), +
E. -itial.'] usurp: as, to aerroin-h royal power to one's self. (in coinp.), a nasalized form of cubarc, lio
In pliijKiol., of or Jiertaining to tao process of accroachmentt {a-krocli'inent), n. "The act of down, i^vvacculialion.] To recline, according
licrrernontition. accroadiing; cncroachineiit ; usurjiation, as of lo the ancient fashion at table. See aecnba-
accrementition ("k'r.;-rnen-tiHli'on), w [<L, sovi reign power linn. itllilrjf.

if 'iiirremrnlum, on nnalogy (if tiecrrmi nti- accrual 'a-l<rd'al), H. The act orprooOBB of ac accumbencyt (a-kum'ben-si), . [< accumbent :
lull, i|. v. Tliii reifulur lonn would be 'arcri- crniiig; accretion Hff -cji. The state ot" being accumbent or of
I

mrniiitinn.] hi physiiil., the ])rodllction or do- accrue (a-kril'). " [Mm

written accrew (now rf-elining.
velopininl r,f n tk'W indiviiluni by the separa- oliH,), < late ME. 'aerewc, found only in tln' accumbent (a-kum'bent), a. and n. [iVi.aceuni-
ion of n pftrt of the )iareiil geininntion. ;
clipped form crcwe C> K. crew), and in the verb ben(t'-)s, p])r. of accumhere : see

accreocet'n-kri'H'), i. [I.aterfoimof nrrrz-a^f,

r. aerewc, aceriio ; < OF. acretce, acreue, that which accunib.'] I. a. 1. Leaning or
C|. v., iifl'T ori((. I'. iirrriHrrrr, iiicreaHo, (.ad, grown lip, to the prullt of the owner, <ni the reclining, in the nniiiner of the
to, +ri-rirr, jfTon ; i <. rrrsceni, and ef. ar- I'artli or in 11 wood, hitir " ocercue, a growth, in- ancients iit their meals. See
rrur.'] 1. Tn incr.im,. ; ^row. [Karo.] 2. erease, eeUiiig, au({menlat ion " (f)otgrave), orig. accubation.
To ficirno. Hen nnnK, r., 2. fern, of acreu, "accreu, growno, increased The Konnni reeimdiont (or more
accrOSCence 'a-kris'.imi, n, [(accrmccnt; = (Cotifrave), (AF. nrrii), jij). of acrelntrr (AV. Arciinilwnt (tviile properly arrumlM-nt) lutsture in eating
Sri. ncrrrrnriii It, tii-f r/ yernco, increaw'-.] 1. acrcHlrr), laIrT ncrroMri inml. F. accrolire, <
,
( TfilaM^i tinfusr). was Inl'rodi aftiT the llrst I'linlc
1

war. Arlnilbihil. Anc. ColllH, p, l;i4.

ITiP net iif iTierPBJiiiii'; grndnnl irrowth or in- Ij. accrcHcirr, RTOW, iiccreiise, aecrcHce, in-
cree ; acrretion. ercttso : >uioaccroiue,aecre.Hce. Ilencoby ublir. 2. In bill., hnnff against : ajiidiod to tho cotyle-
 ; ; ; ; ;

accumbent
dons of an embryo when their edges lie against
or are oj)posed to the radicle.
Il.t
One who reclines, as at meals; one
at table, whether reclining or sitting.
A penance must be done by every accumbent in sitting
iput the jmssage through all these dishes.
accumbert (a-kum'ber),
acoiiibrcn, tor ea,v\iev cncmnbrcii, c.ncomhrcn: see
encumber, and n-l'^ and ch-I.] To encumber;
clog.
And lette his sheep
Accumbred with carriage
accumulate (a-ku'mu-lat), v.; pret. and pp.
accumulated, ppr. accumulatimj. [<L. accumu-
latus, pp. of accumulare, heap up, < ad, to, +
cumulare, heap, < cumulus, a heap see cumu-
late and cumulus.~i
collect or bring together; make a pile, mass,
or aggi'egation of: as, to accumulate earth or
stones; to accumulate money or sorrows.
Never pray more abandon all remorse ;
On horror's head liorrors accumulate.
41 accusative
oumuhiHon (which see). 3. Anything nsed it
It fthe map] presents no scene
to the imaginatiou ; but
gives us exact information as to the bearings of the-
lor collecting and storing energy, etc. specifi-
various points. Macaulay, llallaiu's Const. Hist,
cally, in7mch. : (a) An imlia-rubber sin-ing serving for the
storage of energy to be utilized for lifting and other pur- A winning wave, deserving; iiote^
poses, (b) An elastic section of a dredge-line, ho placed In the tempestuous jjcttieoat,
as to prevent a sudden break- A careless shoe-string, iu whose tie
ing strain, (c) An ajtparatus I see a wild civility,
Bp. Hall, Occas. Med., Ko. 81. used principally in connec- Do more hewitcii me, than when art
tion with hydraulic machines Is more precise in every part. Herrick.
v. t. [< ME. acumbren,
as an equalizer of pressure, or He is fastidiously nice in his choice of language, and a
for the accumulation of ener- fondness for dsiinty and delicate epithets too often gives to
gy to be expended intermit- his style an appearance of prettiness.
tently, :is in hydraulic cranes, Whi'pjile, Ess. an<l Rev., I. 52.
acoiiilrrcd in the mire. elevators, riveters, etc. It
Chaucer, Prol. Parson's Tale. consists of a cylinder fitted accurately (ak'u-rat-li), adv. In an accurate
with a plunger, having at its manner; with jirecision without eiTor or de-
;
of women and children.
upper end a cross-head or
Campimi, Hist. Ireland, p. 28. fect; exactly: as, a writing ftccwrt^c?// copied.
cap, to which are secured the
Nature lays the ground-plan of each creature accurately
weights necessary for the de-
sired pressure. The water sternly tit for all his functions; then veils it scrupu-
lously. Emeraon, Success.
forced into the cylinder raises
the plunger, whose weight, re- For no two seconds together does any possible ellipse
: acting upon the water, trans- accurately represent the orbit (of a planet].
I. trans. 1. To heap up; mits this pressure to the op- ir. A'. Clifford, Lectures, I. T-j.
erating machinery. The total
accurateness (ak'ii-rat-nes), n. The state or
force, less friction, which can
be expended is measured by quality of being accurate; accuracy; exact-
the product of the weight of ness; nicety; precision.
tlie plunger and its load into
accurse (a-kcrs'), v. t. pret. and pp. accursed,
the distance traversed by it. ;

A'/mA-., Othello, iii. 3.

2. To form by heaping iip or collecting the
parts or elements of obtain by gathering in
amass: as, to accMmwtate wealth. [Rare in the
physical sense, as in the first extract.]
Soon the young captive prince
The joint capacity of tlic p]:)r. accursing. [A wrong spelling, in imita-
force-pumps whicli supply the tion of L, words with prelix ac~, of acurse, <
C cylinder is such as will, by ME. acursien, acorsicn,<. -l (< AS. a-) cursieiij +
;
continuous running, accumu-
corsicn,< AS. cursian, cm'se : see curse, ^.J To im-
late in the cylinder during
Hydraulic Accumulator.
periods of inaction an amount precate misery or evil upon; call do-vvn curses
IT, cylinder; b. plunger;
c,
gland d, weight-case; e, cross- equal to that expended during
;
on; curse. [Now hardly used except in the
shall roll in fire, head /, bolt
: framework a maximum effort. In an-
,

past participle as an adjective: see below.]

And all his race acci/it/idaic tlie pyi-e. h, I, pipes. other form, called the hydro-
J. Barton: L'ohuuliiad, iii. 362. (N. E. D.) pneumatic accumulator, the Hildebrand accursed and cast down from his throne
In the seventeenth century a .^^tatesraan who was at the water within the cylinder compresses air, which reacts Henry IV. Raleigh, Essays.
head of affairs might easily, and without giving scandal, upon it, thus serving as a substitute for the weights. accursed, accurst (a-kersf or a-ker'sed, a-
accumulate in no long time an estate amply sufficient to By availing ourselves of the hydrostatic pressure of kerst'), p. a. [< ME, acursed, akursed, acorsed,
support a dukedom. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., iii. water st'in-d at hit;h elevations, or by storing it under
pp.: see accurse.'] 1. Subject to a curse;
A weak mind does not accum,ulate force enough to hurt pressure aitiliiially produced by means of an accumiilator,
itself. Q. W. Holuies, Autocrat, ij. we can utilise sources of power which without storage doomed to harm or misfortune ; blasted; ruined.
II, intrans. 1. To grow in size, number, or would be quite insufficient for a given purpose. The city shall he accttrHcd. Josh, vi, 17.
C. P. B. Shelley, Workshop Appliances, p. 313. Thro' you my life will be accurst.
quantity ;
go on increasing by successive addi-
(rf)In eh'ct.: (1) A condenser (which seel A stnnme Lat- Tennyson, The Letters, v.
tions : as, public evils accumulate. (2)
tery (wliirli see, under ;;a((<?n/). Hydro-pneumatic ac- 2. "Worthy of curses or execrations detest- ;
Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, to iH-ustd w
cumulator, an apparatus intended itli liydro-
able; execrable; cursed: as, **deeds acctirsed,"
Where wealth accumulates, and men decay. static lifts and presses, and employing compressed air as
Goldsmith, Des. Vil., 1. 52.
the source of power. See above, 3 (c). CoUiuSy Ode to Fear.
We are the heirs to an inheritance of truth, grandly ac-
accuracy (ak'u-ra-si), 7?. \_< accHra(tc) -oj, + Thus cursed steel, and more accursed gold.
cumulating from generation to generation. Gave mischief birth, and made that mischief bold.
Sumner, Orations, I. 51. as if < L. *accHratia, The sense is that of the Dryden, Ovid's iletamorph., i. 179,
rare L. accuratio,'] The condition or quality
2. To take degrees by accumulation, as in some
of being accurate extreme precision or exact- accursedly
;
(a-ker'sed-li), adv. In an accursed
English universities. See accumulation. manner.
ness; exact conformity to truth, or to a rule or
accumulatet (a-kii'mii-lat),^). a. [< L. accumu- The state or
model correctness : as, the value of testimony accursedness
(a-ker'sed-nes), n.
;
latus, pp. see accumulate, v.l Collected into
: quality of being accursed.
depends on its acciiracij ; copies of legalinstru-
a mass or quantity increased intensified. ; ;
ments should be taken with accuracy. accusable (a-ku'za^bl), a. [=F. accusahle =
A more accumulate degree of felicity. 8p, acusahle =
Pg. accusavcl It. accitsahilc =
South, Sermons, viii. 147. The schoolmen tried to reason mathematically about (in E. sense), < L, accusabilis (found once
things wliieh had not been, and perhaps could not be, de-
Ilaply made sweeter by the accumulate thrill. in Cicero), blameworthy, < accusare, accuse,
fined with mathematical accuracy.
Lowell, Cathedral.
Macaulay, Utilitarian Theory of Government. blame see accuf<c.'] Liable to be accused or
:

accumulation (a-ku-m'u-la'shon), n. [< L. accu- = Syn. Accurateness, exactness, exactitude, precision, censured; chargeable; blamable: as, accusable
mula1iii(n-),iaccumularc: see accumulate, t'.] 1. carefulness, care, niceness, nicety. of a crime.
The act of aceimiulating, or state of being accu- accurate (ak'u-rat), a. [ Pg. accurado lt. = = Natures improvision were justly accusable, if animals,
mulated ; an amassing ; a collecting together. acciirato, < L. accuratus, prepared with care, so subject unto diseases from bilious causes, should want
It essential to the idea of wealth to be susceptible of a proper conveyance for choler.
is
exact, pp. of accurarej prepare with care, < ad, Sir T. Broume, Vulg. Err,, iii. 2.
accttmulation ; things which cannot, after being produced,
be kept for some time before being used are never, I think, to, +
curare, take care, < cura, care, pains:
regarded as wealth. J. S. Mill. see cure.'} 1. Characterized by extreme care
accusal (a-kti'zal), v., Accusation. N, E, I).
hence, in exact conformity to truth, or to a accusantt
(ji-kti'zant), Ji. [ Pg. It. accusantCj ;
=
2. Growth by continuous additions, as the ad- an accuser, < L, acctisan{t-)s, ppr. of accusare^
standard or rule, or to a model ; free from
dition of interest to principal. Specifically, in law: accuse : see accuse.'] One who accuses ; an ac-
(a) The adding of the interest or income of a fund to the error or defect; exact: as, an accurate ac-
cuser.
principal, pursuant to the provisions of a will or deed pre- coxmt ; accurate measure ; an accurate expres-
venting its being expended. The law imposes restrictions The accusant must hold him to the proof of the charge,
sion; an accurate calculator or observer. Bp. Hall, Remains, Life,
on the power of a testator or creator of a trust to prohibit p. 531,
thus the present beneficial enjoyment of a fund in order to Our American character is marked by a more than aver-
age delight in accurate perception, which is shown by the accusation (ak-ii-za'shon), ii, {<W^. accusa-
iiicrease it for a future generation, (b) The concurrence
currency of the byword, "No mistake." cion, -cioun, < OF. acusation, F. accusation =. Sp.
of several titles to the same thing, or of several circum-
stances to the same proof: more torrertly, cumulation. Emerson, Essays, 1st ser., p. 207. acusacion = Pg. accusagao = It accusazione, < L. .

3. That which is aecumiiliitcd; a lieap, mass, Determinate precisely fixed. accusatio(n-), an accusation, < accusare, accuse :
Sf.
seeaccuse.] 1, A charge of wrong-doing; adec-
;
or aggregation : as, a great accumulation of sand Those conceive the celestial bodies have more accurate
at the mouth of a river. influences upon these things below. Bacon. laration of the commission of ciime or en'or;
Our days become considerable, like petty sums by minute = Syn. Accurate, Correct, Exact, Precise, Nice, care-
1.
imputation of guilt or blame.
accumulation^^: Sir T. Browne, Urn-burial, v. ful, particular, true, faithful, strict, painstaking, unerr- Wrote they unto liim an accusation against the inhabi-
Accumulation of degrees, in some of the English uni- ing. Of these words correct is the feeblest it is barely ; tants of Judah and Jerusalem. Ezra iv, 6.
versities, the taking of a higher and a lower degree to- more than not faulty, as tested by some standard or rule. The l)reath
gether, or at shorter intervals than is usual or is gener- Accurate implies careful and successful endeavor to be Of accusation kills an innocent name.
ally allowed by the rules. Accumulation of power, correct: as, an accurate accountant, and, by extension of Shelley, The Cenci, iv. 4.
that amount of force or capacity for motion which some the meaning, accurate accounts; an accurate likeness.
machines possess at the end of intervals of time, during Exact is stronger, carrying the accuracy down to miiiute 2. That wliich is imputed as a crime or wrong
which the velocity of the moving body has been constantly details as, an exact likeness.
:
It is more commonly used the specific guilt or error charged, as in a state-
accelerated. of things, while jn-ecise is used of persons: as, the exact ment or indictment as, what is the accusation
truth he is very precise in his ways. Precipe may repre-
:

accumulati've (a-kti'mu-la-tiv), [(.accumu- against me ? the accusation is murder.

;
a.
sent an excess of nicety, but exact and accurate rarely do
late + -ire; =
Sp. acumula'tivo (in adv. acmmda- so: as, she is j)rim and precise. As applied more specifi- And set up over his head his accusation. Mat. xxvii. 37.
tii'amente) =Pg. accumulatiro.2 Tending to or cally to the jtroeesses and results of thought and investi-
arising from accumulation ; cumulative gation, e.rart means absolutely true accurate, up to a ;
3. The act of accusing or charging; crimination..
Accu- Thus they in mutual
mxilative judgment, in law, a second judgment against limited standard of truth preci.se, as closely true as the ; accxisation spent
a person, the effect of wliich is to begin after the first has utmost care will secure. Thus, the exact ratio of the cir- The fruitless hours, Milton, P. L,, is. 11&7,
expired. cumference to the diameter cannot be stated, but the = SjTl. Charge, impeaclmaent, arraignment, indictment,
value 3.14150'2ri5 is accurate to eight places of decimals, crimination, imputation.
accumulatively (a-ku'mii-la-tiv-li), adv. In an
which is sulfieieiif ly preci--ie for the most refined measure-
accumulittive manner; by heaping: in heaps. ments. jS'irr emphasizes the attention paid to minute and accusatival (a-kn-za-ti'val), a. Pertaining to
accumulatl'veness (a-kii'mu-la-tiv-nes), re. delicate points, nften in a disparaging sense as, he is : the accusative case. Jour, of Philology.
The quality of being' accumulative tendency more nice than wise. accusative (a-ku'za-tiv), a. and n. [=F. ac-
;

to accumulate. What is told in the fullest and most accurate annals cusatif= Sp. acusatiro =
Pg, It. accusativo, all in
bears an infinitely small proportion to that which is sup-
accumulator ( a-ku'mii-la-tor), h . [< L. accumu-
pressed. Macaulay, Hist. Eng,
the sense of accusative case, Pg. also in sense
lator, < accumulare, accumulate.] 1. One who know
of censuring, < L. accusativus, prop, belonging
But we all that speech, correct speech, is not thus
or that which gathers, accumulates, or amasses. to an accusation, but used only in the gi'am-
2. One who takes university degrees by ac-
easily and readily acquired.
B. G. White, Every-day EngUsh, p. 130. matieal sense (with or without casus, ease),
 ;- . ;
I ; ;

accusative 42 Acephala
being a translation of Gr. ainorifci/ (se. Tr-aaic, accusal (a-lriiz'), H. [=It.occsa, charge; from rentine form of 6r. eif (ace. iua), one, a unit
casus), regarded as the ease of accusing,' fem. the \erb.] Accusation. akin to L. sem-el and E. same: see same.] 1.
of aiTiaT(Km:. usually translated of or for accu- York '
unit ^ specifically, a single pip on a card or . . A
sation,' t)ut rather (tiie case) of the eflfeet,' or
" By false accuse doth level at my life. die, or a card or die marked witli a single pip.
terminal cause of the action of the verb, < a'lrm-
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. i.
2. very small quantity; a particle; an A
Tov, effect, neut. of ainaroc, effected, < alria- accusementt ^a-kuz'ment), . [< JfE. ooH,<e- atom; a trifle: as, the creditor will not abate
cflat, allege as the cause, charge, accuse, < a'lria,
mcut, <OF. 'acusemeut, acciisement, (.acuser, ac- an ace of liis demand.
a cause, occasion, charge.] I. a. If. Producing cuse.] Accusation. I'll not wag an ace farther. Drydcn, Spanish Friar.
By forged accusementt were condemned.
accusations ; accusatory. . . .

Holimhcd. -ace. [< P. -ace, < It. -as:;:o, -accio, m., -ccri,
This hath been a very afcumtirx a^e.
Sir E. Venng, Speeches, p. 11-2. accuser (a-kti'zer), H. [< ME. accuser, ac- -aecia. f., an aug. or depreciative suffix.] A
cusour, < AP. accusour, OF. acusor, acuseor, F. noun-suffix oeem-ring in populace, pinnace, etc.
2. In gram., noting especially the direct object (which see). It is not used as an English for-
accusateur, < Jj. accusa tor, accuser, < nccusare:
of a verb, and to a considerable extent (and mative. In menace, (jrimace, and other words,
probably primarily) destination or goal of mo- see accuse, c] One who accuses or blames
tion : applied to a case forming part of the specifically, a
person who formally accuses an- the suffix is of tliff'erent origin.
original Indo-European declension (as of the other of an offense before a magistrate or a -acea. [Ij., neut. pi. of -OfCHS.- see -aceotts.] A
suffix used in New Latin to form names of
case-systems of other languages), and retained tribunal of any kind.
In an accusing classes or orders of animals, as Cetaeea, Crus-
as a distinct foiTn by the older languages of the accusingly
ia-"ku'ziug-li), adv.
tacea, etc., these names being properly adjec-
family, and by some of the modem. In English manner.
[< late ME. acus- tives, agreeing with Latin animalia (animals)
grammar it is usually called the objective c:se. Its abbrf accustom (a-kus'tom), r.
viation is :-. tonic, ticusiume, < OF. acoustuiiier, acostumer understood.
II. . .Short for accusative case. See I., 2. (F. accoutumer Sp. acnstumbrar =
Pg. acos- -aceae. [L., fem. pi. of -occks; see -aceous.] A
accusatively (a-kii'za-tiv-li), adr. If. In an tuniar= It. accoslumare), < a (L. ad), to, cous- sutfix used in New Latin to form names of or- +
aeriisLitive manner; by way of accusation. tunie (F. coutume), custom : see custom.] J,
ders or families of ])lants, as Liliacea; Itosacea;
2. In (/raiii., in the position or relation of the trans. To familiarize by custom or use habitu- etc., these names being properly adjectives,;

accusative case. ate or iniu'e as, to accustom one's self to a

:
agreeiugwitliLatinyi/flHta' (plants') understood.
accusatorial (a-kii-za-to'ri-al), a. [< L. accuaa- spare lUet ; time may acctistom one to almost -acean. [< L. -ace-us -an.] suffix of adjec- + A
tiiriii.<. < declinator, accuser: see accu.tatory.'i aujihing ; to be accustomed to hard work. tives, eipuvaleut to -aceous (which see); also of
Of or pertaining to an accuser or a prosecutor: So accustomed to his freaks and follies, that she viewed notms to supply a singular to collective plin'als
as. aciumtiiriat functions. [Rare.] them all as matters of course. in -(leva, as ectiieeini, crustacean, etc.
In an Hawthorne, Tnice-Told Tales, I. 170. acedia (a-se'di-a),H. [NL.,<Gr.oK;/(?/a, collateral
accusatorially (a-lm-za-td'ri-al-i), adi:
U''iis:itiiriul manner.
We are not accustomed to express our thouglits or emo. form of (iKijieia, iniUilerenee, heedlessness, in
tions by symbolical actions. Emerson, Misc., p. 24.
accusatory (a-ka'za-to-ri), a. [< L. accusato- eecl. use 'sloth,' < aio/ih'/i;, indifferent, heedless,
riim, < acciixaior, accuser, < acciisarc : see ac-
=S^. To habituate, familiarize, iimre, harden, traitj. < n- priv. -I- Nf/ihc, care, distress, Kijikntiai, be trou-
Il.t intraiis. 1. To be wont or habituated to bled or distressed; in ML. connipted to cc/(^'n,
cuse.'] Accusing; containing an accusation:
do anything. > ME. accidie, q. v.] An abnormal
as, an
accui>atorii Ubel. mental con-
A boat, over-freighted, sunk, and all drowned, saving one dition, characterized by carelessness, iistless-
I would say a w.ird now on two portions of his public
woman, in her first popping up again, which most living
life, one of wliich has lieen the subject of aceunatory, the
things accustom, got hold of the boat. Carcu: ness, fatigue, and want of interest in affairs.
other of disparui^int;, criticism.
A. Choale, Addresses, p. 2S4. 2. To consort or cohabit. A melancholy leading to desperation, ami known to
theologians under the name of acedia, was not uncommon
accuse (a-kuz'). r. t. pret. and pp. accii.scfl, ppr. Much better do we Britons fulfil
tlie work of nature tlian
in monasteries, and most of tlie recorded instances of
;
you llomans we, with the best men, accustom openly ntedian'al suicides in Catholicism were by monks.
iiiiii.iiiit/. [< ME. acciiscii, ocH.vfji, < OF. iiviiser.
:

yon, with the basest, commit private adultery.

y. accuser =
Pr. aciixar, acciisar Sp. acusar = Miltun, Hist. Eng., iii.
Lccky, Europ. Morals, II. .S5.

= Pg. accusar =
It. accuaare, < L. accumrc, call
accustom! (a-kus'tom), H. [iaccustom.r.] Cus- acedy (;is'e-di), n. as acedia. Same
one to accoiuit, < ad, to, +
causa, a cause, rea- tiiiii: as, "individual accustom of Vde," Miltou, Aceldama (a-serda-mij), . [ME. (Wj'clif)
son, account, suit at law: see cause.] 1. To .leliililemiili, .Ichelilciniih ; < L. Aceldama, < Or.
'rrtntchoriloii (etl. l.^ril), p. 171.
make an iini>iitatioii against, as of a crime, accustomablet (a-kus'tom-a-bl), a. [< accus- ^AKiLlSafii'i, representing Sjt. olel diimii, the lield

fault, or eiTor charge with guilt or blame

;
tom -able.] Of long custom; habitual; cus- + of blood.] 1. A
fielil said to have been situ-

affect with specific censure : used either abso- ated south of .Jerusalem, the potter's field, pur-
tomary: as, "accustomal'le residence," Sir M.
lutely or with o/ before the thing cliarged, and Ilalc, Oi-ig. o! Mankind, x.\.
chased with the bribe which .hulas took for
sometimes with for before the subject of cen- accustomably+(a-kus'toiii-a-bli), adr. Accord- betraying his Master, and therefore called the
sure : as, to accuse one of high crimes, or as an ing to custom or habit ; habitually. "lield of blood." It was iippropriated to the in-
accomplice in crime ; to accuse nature for our Kings' tiiu'S aecifstomalilii i>aid. Bacon, Alienations.
terment of strangers. Ilejice 2. Figuratively,
misfortunes. any pUii o stained by slaughter.
Accnjte not nature
she huth done her part. ;
accustomancet (a-ktis'tom-ans), n. [< ME. acus- 'the system of warfare . . . which had already converted
Milton, v. 1.., viii. 561. tuinuuuce, accustomauee, < OP. acuustumancc (F. iioiiicnse tracts into inie miiversul Acetdaina, DeQuincei/,
The accuJtinri spirit, which flew up to licaven's chancery accoutumancc : cf. Pr. It. eostumau;:!a), < acoiis-
Acemetae, Acemeti, ". pi. See Acwmeta; Acw-
with the oath, blushed as he gave it in. tumcr, acostumer, accustom: see accustom, r.
SteritK, Tristram Shandy, vii. 7.
mi ti.
Cf. custom.] Custoni habitual tise or practice.
The iirofessurs are aecutted of the ill practces.
;
Acemetic (as-e-met'ik), a. [(.Acemeti: seeAcce-
Tbr.ingh aeeiislomnoee and ni'gligenee. Bio//.'.
nicta:] Belonging to or resembling the Aceme-
Addi*ov.
The Romanists aecvte the Protestants /or their inditler- accustomarilyt (a-kus'tom-ii-ri-li), adr. Ac- tai or Acaimetie; hence, sleepless.
ence. Suiithcii, tiualterly Kev., I. 1!B. eoi'iliiigtiicuslom or common practice; custom- That proposition [that one of the Trinity was nnide
2. To indicate; e%'inee; show; manifest; show arily. llesb) was impugned by the Acemetic monks alone.
. . .

signs of. [A Gallicism, now rare.] accustom Matlock, tr. of i.iguori, p. 173.
acciistomaryt (a-kus'tom-a-ri), a. [<
Am|)hialus answered with such evcusing liimself
. . .
+ -ari/. a. customanj.] XTsual; customary. acensuada (Sp. pron. ii-then-sd-ii'dii), u. [Sp.,
that more and more acewied Ids love to Philoclea. I'sual and accustoniarti swearing. p]i. of oil iisiitir, to leasi' out f(U' a certain rent.
Sir P. Sidm-y, Arcadia, il. !>r. Frnlleji. Dippers Dipt, ji. lliil. < a- (< L, lid, to) + censo, rent: see cch.S().] In
- SyiL 1. Ar^tuf, Chargi;, Imtiet, Arraign, /mj^'ncli, In- accustomatet (a-kus'tom-iit), o. [ OF. ((- = Mexican line, jirojierty .s'iibject to the Hen of a
rritninate, criminate, inculpate, Uix with, taunt with, im-
pute lu. Of thise worils clianie is the most general, and
liime = It. = censo (wljicli see).
i:ri'oslumalo=iP(;. acostumado Sp.
may lie the wcake<t. Iielng used of any sort of imputu- acostumhrado (in adv. acoslumbradameule); iie- acentric (a-sen'trik), a. [< Gr. I'lKcvrpoQ, not
tton, large or small, against persons or things fornuilly or custom + -ate^. Cf. accustomed.] Customary. central, < a- priv. + Kti'Timv, center: see center.]
Infonnally, iiuliliily or privately. conuuo'nly. Amur lord. IliiiHliriili/e. Nut centric; liaving no center.
though not Invariably, xpr.sses sonutblrjg more formal
accustomed (a-kus'tomd), p. a. [< ME. acus- -aceous. [.'Veconi. of L. -((((-,, -(J, -HH, a com-
.

and grave than rhiinj,-.

a purely legal term, re-
i,i,li,-l is
triitcl to the ai.llon of a grand Jury when it uuikes a lomiil; p|>. (if arcustom.] 1. Often ])ractised pound adj. tenuiiiation, as in herh-dceus, ros-
frirmal I'omplaint against u nuppused olferiilei', in order or iiscil ; cusliiniiii'v ; lialiiliial; nmdc faiiiiliar dcens, iinlliii-deeus, cri i-i'iceus, test-ileeus, etc.:
Ihnt hi- may lie liMUghl lo trial. Arraign has primarily see the corresponding K. ftn'iiis.] An iwljective-
through use; tistial; wonleil: as, in Iheir iie-
th.- aine meaning wllb l,lirt, but is freer in llgurative
(Ml- customed manner. . suflix. as in lierbiieious, cretaceous, etc., used
as, to arraiiin a pollli, al party at the bar of public
.niloi.Tii /yi/^firl, I, I,, iiring lo answi-r bifon- .some It is an rtiTitw/omerf action with her. Shak., Macb., v. 1. especially in botany ancl zoiilogy, foriuing Eng-
't'>iti^ in a publieoltlee. arxl has .My old ticcitstoiiied corner here Is, li.sli adjectives to accord with New Latin nouns
'Il iIm' pi'i'Uliar digiilly. solem. Tlie table still is In the nook : in -acea; -acea (which see), as rosaceous, lilia-
I II trials (bat II liasl n lifted Ah! vanished many a bus^- year is eiiiiis, eelaeeous, cruslaceinis,- etc.
IN lis figurative iiHiH. 1,1- This well-known chair since bust 1 took.
<ii the special niniiiiiii.' uf Thackerati, llallad nl lloiiillabals.i-. acephal (ns'e-fal), . One of I lie Accphala.
11^. Ill Ills ronli'ssiMii III- Acephala(ii-sef'a-lii), n. pi. [NL., <Qr.niiii)>a'/a,
2\. Having custom or jmlnmage; fretiueuted.
' It.. lIlisllNpei'tril. I .,
neut. jil. of I'liiiipa/nij, lietulless: see ncephalm,]
to inilii \ wvW-accustom'd u hanilsmne barkeeper, with
hoiim*,
1. A term introihi
.Ill-sly
t'.r I
1 by Cuvii'r into systematic
;

r.. itn/'*'ilrli miik'i- i-b'iiii i\ obliging drawers, soon get the niaster an estate.
'' '',
|.i iurrimituttr others
.
.
zoiilogy, tiiid .'ipjilied byhiiiias a, class name to
Mm. Ccnllirrc, Hold Stroke, I. 1.
'"' Hill.
accustomedness (a-kns'tomd-noH). M. Famil- II c'tuiibiiinliiiii of tlie CDiii'liilermis Ininellibriiii-
I
-rive his imme,
I. eliiale niiilliisUs and the liinicates. Later writers
" iurily ; winili'dneNH; tlie <|iiulityof being nci'iis-
' . ..tlirrA he aentst. apply II to the hiini'llibrani'biate iiiollusks aloiu', which
Villon, P. L.. xll. .;. totned (to). [Kare.] t'liiislltiite a naliiial class, diKtiiigiiisbi'il bv l.amiirck as
./'*'""'' ltli olwcurity anil lni|MTfec. AceiigtoiitednenH (0 sill hardens the llearl. lb.' ^o.'A((>.|-. All llie ordinnry bivalvis 'bilong to this
'"" SliUiwiilr'l. Illi. rearer, ,Semions, p. '.'.'lO. I'lass, The Aceidiala or Cuvb'r were at first
.iriiifinlrs of
'.*.'''".'.'' "!"' ""' ''''' bnrenr-limrnf exlillilsollly Freedom from that bad ueetiHtonicdneuM lo evil an. ( r,s:i) tie; third order of Molhisra, and iiiiluiled lirripeds,
I.
.1 pllll-
wroiie /'he Atnrricnn, VII. 104. tiinii'.'ileH,and braelilopods with oriliniiry liUalve nmltusks,
biiiiu thus ei|Ub'aleut to Cirripediii. Tiniieota, mill I'uiicbi-
. only ace In. . (< ME. as, aiis, <()F. as, an nee, I''.
I, .^>'llill l.aniarek. In 1HII4 Clivlcr i'mIiiiIciI the cilflpeds
.. II Ml.
"" "" " - Pg. OX' = ll. as.in (\, asii=z]}. mill biiicliii.)ioilw. and made Acr/ifmbt a class of Mollusca.
III the " l;. !!. Animal" (1817 ls2li| Acrpliala are Clivler's
""' lairs lire or-
ail - Kw. r.ss=z Dan. es, < L. as (nvr. '

lollrlll (III ..I Mollusca, with Iw dels, Acciiliatn teslaeeii

rniQnf ann jiounrl, a foot, u.-ttially but prob.
. 11
or shelled a.'.phals, the ordinaiv bivalve niollnsks, imil
li,lncr,(jl, Hut, Const., 1. 6. orroneout.lv derived from in, .salil lu'lie the Tii- Accphaia nuda, orHhclMeHB iicepliiils, the tnulrales.
 ::: :: ;

Acepliala 43 Acerininae
2. Same as Acrania. 3.
In Latreille's system Cuvier, including the lamellibranchiates and having opposite simple leaves ;ind the fruit a
of classification (1795), one of seven orders of tunicates together with the brachiopods. In De double-winged samara. It includeH about 60 species,
Klainvillc's system of classitication, tile Acephalopliora of northern temperate regions, many of tliem valuable
the hinnean Aptcra, eontainiiif; he spiders, etc., t

were the third clas,s of Malacozua, divided into the or- timber-trees or widely cultivated forshaiie and ornament.
corresponding to the Araclniidia pa'pistes of
Lamarck, and synonymous with Arachnida. ders rulliiilinnirliidl,!, Jiuilixlu, lAUiii'lllljr<iih-ln',ilii, ali<l
ll.l,ri,hr,iii,iiia : thus inrri'SiioMdiiiK iiir\artly d. 'uvic-i 's
I
.^ii^'ar is obtained in America from the sap of A. sacchari-
nimi, the sugar-maple. See iiiapk.
4. In Haeokel's classification, a group of Mol- Ai-fplKilii, an, cxa.lly tc. Laniari-k's .I.v7)/iii?./'(t nf |:s(ili, .jr
I
Accra (as'e-ra), . [NL., fem. sing, or neut.
Laniarrk's later Coiii-lnJ'tn-a and Tuuieala together.
lusca composed of the Spirohranchia, or Brachi- pi. of Aceriis, <Gr. Hntpoc, without horns see :

opoda, anil the Laiiicllibrcmchia. (a-sef-a-lof'o-ran), n. One of

acephalophoran Aceriis and acerous"^.] 1. Agenusof moUusks,
Acephalsea (a-sef-a-le'ii), n. pi. [NL., a mod- tile Anphiitoj>liora. of the family BuUidw or Tornatellidce, belong-
ilicatiou of Acepliala, after (ir. neipd'Aatog (neut. acephalopodia (a-sef "a-lo-po'di-ii), . [NL. ing to the tectibranchiate division
pi. K<;>a/.ma), belonging to the head, < /cf^aZ/), see (iee})liiilopodius.'\ In teratol., absence of of opisthobranchiate gastropods.
head: see Acepliala.'} A
modification by La- heail and feet. These bubble-alielU have a thin horny
shell, flattened and almost inclosed, with a
marck of tbe name Acepliala, given at first to acephalopodius (a-sef"a-lo-p6'di-us), . ; pi. slit at the suture as in the olive-shells the
that group as an ordinal name, and later to the acephdlojioilii (-1). [NL., < Gr. aKe^aT^o^, without
:

head is long and without eyes. The genus

bivalve sbells as a class name, in Lamarck's sys- a head, -I- mnx (ttoiU) =
E. foot.'] In teratol., a wa.s instituted in -this form by Lamarck,
tem of classitlcation cif isoi tlic An-phitlira were the sec- monster witliout head or feet. 1818. A. bullala is an example. Originally
ond order of Mullutica, the Afrphiiiit of Cuvier, 1789, in- acephalorachia (a-sef "a-16-ra'ki-a), II. [NL., < spelled Alcera. O. F. Midler, 1776.
cluding cirripeds, tunieates, and hnu-liinpods with ordi-
nary bivalve moUusks. In IhOD Lamarck excUided the
Gr. aKiiJHi'Anc, without a liead, + paxn;, sjtine. ] In 2. Used as a.]>l. groupof apter- A Cera bitlla- A
teratol., absence of head and vertebral cohmm. ous insects vrithout antenna;. In '"<?'?"= "' *'
cirripeds, and in 1S12 he excluded tlie tunicates, making
Acephalfea a class of Evertvhrata, with two orders, Mono- acephalostomia (a-sef"a-16-st6'mi-a), . [NL. tms sense, the word is now a mere
mifuriit and Dhnyaria. See Coiichi/era. see aceplialostomus.'] In teratol., the absence of synonym of Arachnida (which see). 3. [Used
acephalau (a-sef'a-lan), a. and 71. IKAcejjha- the head with the presence of a mouth-like as a plural.] A group of gastropodous moUusks
/.] I. a. Of or pertaining to the Acepliala or opening. without tentacles. [Disused.]
to an acephal.
acephalostomus (a-sef-a-los'to-mus), m. pi. Aceracese (as-e-ra'se-e), n. pi. Same as Ace- ;
II, . One of the Aeephala; an acephal. aceplialostoiiii (-mi). [NL., < Gr. aKcfaAog, with- riitew.
Acephali (a-sef'a-li), n. pi. [LL., pi. of acepha- out a head, -I- avd/ia, mouth.] In teratol., a Acerse (as'e-re), n. pi. [NL., fem. pi.: see
1. Literally, those who
liiti: see aceplialus.'] monster without a head, but having in its su- Accra.] Same as Accra, 2 and 3.
have no head or chief. In eccles. huit.: (a) Those perior parts an aperture resembling a mouth. aceran (as'e-ran), H. One of the Accra, in any
members of the Council of Ephesus who refused to follow
(ft) An Egyptian acephaiothoracia (a-sef"a-16-th6-ra'si-a), H. of the meanings of that word.
either St. Cyril or Jolin of Antioch.
Monophysite sect of the fifth and sixth centuries, composed [NL. see accphalothorus.'] In teratol., absence acerate (as'e-rat), n. [< L. acer, maple, -ate^.]
:
+
of those who refused to follow the patriarch of Alexandria of head and chest. salt of aceric acid. A
in subscribing the edict of union issued by the Emperor (a-sef"a-16-tho'rus), n.; pi. ace- aceratophorous (as"e-ra-tof'o-rus),
a. [<Gr.
acephalothorus +
phalothori (-i). [NL., short for *a,cephalotkora- a- priv. + Ktpar; (KEpaT-),'hovn,
Zeno. (c) Those who took pai't in the sessions of the General -ip6poQ,<,ifitpeiv
Council of Basle that were not presided over by the papal
cius (see above), < Gr. aniipalo^, without a head,
E. bcar'^.] Not bearing horns hornless as, :
(f/) A name given to the Flagellants, because of
;
legates,
their separation from the authority of the Uoman Church, -f- 06paS, a breast-plate, the chest see thorax.] an aceratojihorous ruminant. [Little used.]
(e) Before the Council of Trent, a class of priests belonging
In teratol., a monster without head or chest.
:

acerb (a-serb'), a. [=F. cer5e Sp. Pg. It. =

to no diocese. accr, sharp,
2. Aclass of levelers, mentioned in the laws acephalous (a-sef 'a-lus), a. [<LL'. accphalus, acerbo, < L. acerbus, bitter, sour, <
bitter see acrid.] Sour, bitter, and harsh to
< Gr. iiKiipalog, without a head, < a- priv. -f Ke<l>n?J/,
:

of Henry I. of England, who would acknow- the taste sour, with astriugency or roughness
ledge no head or superior. 3.
fabuloiis na- A s head: see 0-I8 and cephalic.'] 1. Witliout a
head; headless: applied (n) In zooi., particularly hence, figuratively, shai'p, harsh, etc.
;

tion in -AJriea, reported by ancient writers to We have a foible for Ilitson with his oddities of spelling,
to the memliersuf tlie class ^ceiiAaia (which see): opposed
have no heads: identified by some with the to enc^phalou.^- and cephalous. (b) In but., to an ovary the his acerb humor, and his obstinate disbelief in Doc-
. . .

Blemmyes, a historical race. style of which springs from its base instead of its apex. tor Percy's folio manuscript.
[NL., < Gr. aKi<pa?.oc, (c)In teratol., to a fetus having no head, (rf) Inpros., to Lomll, Study Windows, p. 359.
acephalia (as-e-fa'li-ii), .
headless: see aceplidlus.} In teratol., the ab- a verse whose scale differs from the regular scale of the The dark, acerb, and caustic little professor.
s.ame meter by lacking the first syllable of the latter. Charlotte Bronte, Villette, xix.
sence of the head. 2. Without a leader or chief. v. t; pret.
acerbate (a-ser'bat or as'er-bat),
acephalistt (a-sefa-list), [As Acejyhali +
n.
The tendency to division was strengthened by the aceph- [<L. ucer-
and pp. acerbated, ppr. acerbating.
-ist.} One who acknowledges no head or su- alous condition of the Courts. Stubbs, Const. Hist., II. 267.
batus, pp. of acerbare, make bitter or sour, <
perior; sijeeifically, in eccles. hist., one of the
3. Wanting a distinct beginning ; indefinite in acerbus, bitter, sonr : see acerb, and cf. exacer-
Acephali.
sub.iect. bate.] To make soiu-, bitter, or harsh to the
These acephalists, who will endure no head but that A false or acephalous structure of sentence.
upon their own shoulders. taste; hence, to embitter orexasperate. [Eare.]
De QuiJlcey, Rhetoric.
Bp. Gauden, Tears of the Church (1659), p. 464. acerbate (a-ser'bat or as'er-bat), a. [< L. acer-
acephalus (a-sef'a-lus), n.; pi. acephali (-li). batiis, pp.: see the verb.] Embittered; exas-
Acephalite (a-sef 'a-lit), n. [As Acephali + [LL. (see Acephali and acephalous) and NL.] perated; severe. N. E. D.
-i'fcl.] One of the Acephali, in any of the senses 1. An obsolete name of the tsenia or tapeworm. acerbic (a-ser'bik), a. Of a harsh character.
of that word. 2. In teratol., a monster without a head. 3. A'. E. D.

acephalobrachia (a-sef"a-16-bra'ki-a), n. [NL. In 2)ros., a verse defective at the beginning.
In absence of acerbitude (a-ser'bi-tud), n. [< L. acerbitudo
see aceplialobracliiits.'] teratol.,
ace-point (as'point), . The single spot on a (rare), equiv. in sense to acerbitas: see acerbitij.]
and arms.
Vioth he;id card or die ; also, the side of a die that has but Som-ness; acerbity. BaiJeij. [Rare.]
acephalobrachius (a-sef "a-16-bra'ki-us), .; pi. one spot. acerbity (a-ser'bj-ti), n.; pi. acerbities (-tiz).
acephalubracliii [NL., < Gr. ancipa'ko^, with-
(-i).
aceciuia (Sp. pron. a-sa'ke-a), n. [Sp.] A
[Earlier acerhitic'ji F. acerbite Sp. acerbidad =
out a head, + fipaxiuv,
L. bracliium, arm.] In canal for irrigation. =
It. acerbita, < L. accrbita(t-)s, sharpness, sour-
teratiih, a monster without head or arms. Irrigating canals or acequias conduct the water of the ness, harshness, < acerbus, sharp : see ac^i'b.] 1.
acephalocardia ( a-sef "a-16-kilr'di-a), n. [NL. Gila over all this cultivated district. Sourness, with roughness or a,stringency of
see aecphiiloeiirdiiin.']
both head and heart.
In teratol., absence of Mowry, Arizona and Sonora, p. 188.
Acer (a'ser), n. [L., a maple-tree, prob. so
taste.
2. Poignancy or severity.
It is ever a rule, that any over-great penalty, besides
acephalocardius (a-sef"a-16-kiir'di-us), n. pi. ; called from its pointed leaves, < / *<", be sharp the acerbity of it, deadens the execution of the law.
accjihiilocnrdii (-1). [NIj., < Gr. aKeifialoi;, with- orpointed, appearing in acerb, acetic, acid, acute, Bacon, AVorks, II. 542.
out a head, +
Kapiia
E. Iieart.1 In teratol., a We may imagine what acerbity of pain must be endured
monster without head and heart. by our Lord. Barrow, Sermons, xxvi.
acephalochiria (a-sef"a-16-ki'ri-a), n. [NL. 3. Harshness or severity, as of temper or ex-
see aceiilialochinis.'] In teratol., absence of both pression.
head and hands. Also swelled aceplialoclieiria. The lectures of Hazlitt display more than his usual
strengtli, acuteness, and eloquence, with less than the
acephalochirus (a-sef "a-16-ki'rus), .; pL usual acerbities of his temper.
[NL., < Gr. aiceipaXoc, with-
uccpliiilocliiri (-ri). Whipple, Ess. and Rev., II. 10.
out a head, +
hand.] In teratol., a mon-
x^'P, acerdese (as'er-des), n. [F.] Gray oxid of man-
ster without head and hands. .Also spelled
ganese a name given by Beudant to the mineral
:

accpliah)eliciras. manganite.
acephalocyst (a-sef'a-16-sist), . [< NL. ace- acere (as'er), n. A moUusk of the genus ^cero.
phalocijstis, < Gr. d/ct^oXof, headless (see acepha-
aceric (a-ser'ik), a. [< L. acer (see Acer) + -ic]
lous), + KbaTic, a bag : see cyst^.'] A hydatid ; a Pertaining to the maple; obtained fi-om the
member of a supposed genus Acephalocijstis, in- maple Aceric acid, an acid found in the juice of Acer
stituted by Hunter for the hydatid or encysted campestre, the common European maple.
stage of Tienia echinococcns. See Twnia. Acerina (as-e-ri'na), n. [NL., as Aceriis, q. v.,
acephalocystic Pertain-
(a-sef"a-16-sis'tik), a. + -(.] 1. A
genus of crustaceans. Baji-
ing ti> aeephaloeysts; "having the character of ncsqiie, 1814. 2. A
genus of pcrcoid fishes, the
an acephalocyst. popes. Ciirier, 181'7.
acephalogaster (a-sef'a-16-gas-ter), n. [NL., Acerineae [< Accr + -in- +
(as-e-rin'e-e), n. pi.
< Gi-. anitjia/Mc, without a head, + yaarr/p, belly.] -ecc.] A
suborder of the Sapindacece, distin-
In teratol., a monster destitute of head, chest, guished from the rest of the order by its oppo-
and superior parts of the belly. site leaves and exalbuminous seeds. It includes
acephalogasteria (a-sef"a-16-gas-te'ri-a), n. the maple (Acer), the box-elder (X.-iundo), and a third
[NL., < iicpjilialdiiaster.'] In teratol., absence Supar-Maple (.4frrjn/iar7>iMm). ii. flowerinET branch *, sterile;
genus, h"biiu'a, of a single species, nutiveof the Himalayas.
flower c, stamen d, fniit with one carpel cut open 10 show the seed.
Acerininae (as'e-ri-ni'ne), n. pi. [< Acerina, 2,
; ;

of the heail and superior parts of the tnink. (From' Gray's ' Genera of the Plants of the U. S-")
Acephalopliora (a-sef-a-lof 'o-rii), n. pi. [NL., -I- -jfl?.] A na'me proposed as a subfamily des-
< Gr. a- priv. + neiiaTii], head, + -<t>ipoc, -bearing, etc.] A genus of discifloral polypetalous trees ignation for the genus Acerina, including the
< (^t'pEfv =
E. bear^.'] A
name proposed by De and shrubs, commonly known as maples, of the ruie and related percoid fishes ha-ving a cav-
Blainville, 1814, for the acephalous moUusks of natural order Sapindacece, suborder Acerinew, ernous head and a single dorsal fin.
 ; ;.

acerose 44 aceto-gelatin
The act orproeess of becoming acescent or mod- acetanilide (a-set-an'i-lid), n. [< acct-yl + nni-
acerose (as'e-ros), a. [< L. acerosiis, chaffy. lidc] A
substance, CBH5NH.C.2H3O; formed
<acus (acer-) =
Gr. axvpov, ehaS; &^in to E. erately sour. , ., ,0
[See acesceHce.]
-,
by heating aniline and glacial acetic acid for
awn, q. v., and also to L. acer, shai-p, and acus, acescency (a-ses'en-si), h.
sevei'ifl hours, or by the action of acetyl chlo-
a needle from a root
;
The state or quality of being moderately sour
mild acidity. rid or acetic auhydi'id ou aniline. Fvuites.
*ac, be shar^.
second sense Nurses should never give suck after fiisting the milk ; acetart (as'e-tar), n. [< L. acctaria : see aceta-
to rest upon L haviug an acesctnci/ very prejudicial to the .recipient.
. . ri/.] A cUsh of raw herbs with vinegar a salad. ;

W. Jones, Life of Bp. Horue, p. 35u. acetarious (as-?-ta'ii-us), a. [< L. *acetaritus,

(acu-), a needle: Init
the form can be de-
rived only from acus
(acer-) chaff.] In
bot.: (r^ Chaffy; re-
sembling chaff
acescent (a-ses'ent), a. [< F. acescent Pg. = adj., found only in neut. pi. acctaria, as noun:
acescentc, < L. acesceii(t-)s, ppr. of acescere, be- see acctary.] 1 Containing acetary, as certain
.
come sour, < acen; be sour : see ocjrf.] Turning fruits.
2. Used in salads, as lettuce, mustard,
som'; becoming tart or acid by spontaneous cress, endive, etc.
[Very decomposition, as vegetable or animal juiues acetary (as'e-ta-ri), w. [< L. acctaria (sc.
.

Iiiilcni, herbs), herbs prepared with vinegar and

rare.] (b) Sti-aight, or infusions; hence, slightly sour; acidulous;
rigid, and subacid. od, salad, neut. pi. of "acetarius, (.acetum, vine-
slender,
is most esteemed for culinary pur-
gar see acetum. Cf. It. acetario, a salad.] Au
shai'p-pointed, as the
:
The \iuegar which
poses that prepared from vine, from tlie acescent varie- acid pulpy substance in certain fruits, as the
leaves of the pine; Acerose Leaves (Pine).
is
ties of which it is extensively manufactured in France. pear, inclosed in a congeries of small calcidous
needle-shaped. W. A. Milter, Elcm. of Chera., 1277. botUes toward the base of the fruit. Craig.
acerotet, a. Probably a misprint for acero.se.
Aierote bread, browne bread."' Cockeram Aceste (a-ses'tf ), >i. [Nil., < (?) Gr. okeot^, fern, acetate (as'e-tat), . [=F. cc(te = Sp. Pg.
'Acerote, browne bread, not ranged. of anecroc, curable, easily revived, < aneladai, acetato, < NL. acctatui,<.h. acetum, ^onegar: see
(1612>.
chaffebread, hungrie bread." ilinsheu (1625). cure, heal.]
notable genus of spatangoid A acetum and -f/^i.] In clicm., a salt fonned by
sea-urchins. A. U-tlidl/era is a species having most of the union of acetic acid with a base.
acerousl (as'e-ms), a. Same as acerose.
the upper surface occupied by tlie deeply sunken, odd, an- acetated (as'e-ta-ted), /;. a. [As if pp. of "ace-
acer0Us2 (as'e-rus), a. [< Gr. aAt^wf, collateral terior ambulacrum, witli a narrow f;isciole, and large flat-
form of aniparof, aiccpuc, ^rithout horns, < u- priv. tened spines incurved over the Jioilow, in wliich arc :i
tate, v.] Combined with, acetic acid.
acetation (as-e-ta'shon), . [As if < "acetate, v.]
+ Ktpac, a horn.] 1. Of or pertaining to the nmuber of great discoidal suckers.
Accra, 2.
2. Having minute or undeveloped Aceste may be regarded as a permanent form of tlic
Same as aeetificatioii.
=
antennse, as an insect. 3. Ha\'ing no horns; yonng of .Schizaster. Stand. Xat. Hisl., 1. I7i;. acetic (a-set'iic or a-se'tik), a. [= F. acctiquc
Sp. Pg. acetico, < NL. aceticus, < L. acetum, vine-
aceratophorous. acetablet (as'e-ta-bl), n. [< OF. acetabiile, < L.
gar: see acetum.'] Ha^^ngthe properdes of vine-
acerra (a-ser'a), H. [L.] In Horn, antig.: (a) accliihidum : see acetabulitm.'] 1. An acetabu-
A box or casket used to hold the incense which lum a measm-e of about one eitrhtli of a pint. gar; sour. Acetic acid, C'H:(i'ii.(iU, a colorless liquid
;

was thro\vn upon the altar IliiUdiid. 2. hi dixit. ,sa.me us ticcliibiilum, '2 {(i). witll a strongly acid and imnirciit smell and taste. In the
arts it is chietly prepared liy the oxidation of alcoliol (ace-
{Ii) A
during sacrifices. acetabula, " Plm-al of acetabulum. tous fermentation) ;uid by the dry distillation of wood. It
small portable altar on acetabular ias-e-tab'u-lilr), a. Belonging to is present in vinegar in a dilute and impure form. In its

which incense was bunied, tlie acetabulum: of the nature of an acetabu- pure state, at temperatures below
F., it is a crystalline
C'i

siilid, and is kno\\-ii as fjlacial or eritstalline acetic ociil.

especially at ftmeral cere- lum cotyloid cup-like. ; :
Acetic antiydrid, (t'il;iCO).,o, a colorless mobile liipiid
monies. Acetabulifera (as-e-tab-u-lif 'e-ra), n. pi. [NL., with an odur like tliat of acetic acid, but more irritatinii.
acertaint, >. t. An occa- neut. pi. of acctabulifcr : see aeetabuUferous.'] In staniliiig in contact with water it is gradually converted
into ;icctic acid. Also called acetic nxitl.- Acetic ethers,
sional tind more correct A
name introduced by D'Orbigny, 1834, as au ct'iiipouiids consisting of acetates of alcohol rudicals.
Ancient Acerra. form of ascertain (which ordinal term for the cephalopods with suckers t'omnion acetic ether is a limpid mobile liquid ha\iii;z a
see). on the inner faces of the anus, that is. the cuttle- penetrating, refreshing smell, and a pleasant biiriiiiiL; liistc.
AcemiS (as'e-rus), . [NL., <Gr. aitrpof, \rith- fishes, squids, and all other li\ing cephalopods It is used in medicine, and as a llavoriir.: iii;zredicm in the
poorer classes of wines. It is prepared by distilling a mix-
out horns: see ucerous-.'\ 1. In ornith., a ge- except the Sautiluta: Same as Cryptodibran- ture of alcohol, <til of vitriol, and sodium acetate. Acetic
nus of hombiUs, family Jiiicerotidw, having no cJiiata and Dibranchiata (which see). ferment, a microscopic fungus {Miicwterwa aceti of I'a.s-
casque. A. nejiatcn.'ii.H is the tj-pe and only spe- acetabuliferous (as-c-tab-Q-lif V-rus), a. [< NL. tenr) belonging to the group of micro-bacteria, which is
cies. S.J!.I{o(l{/.<ion,lS'32. Also spelled Jo nw. acctdbiilifir, < L. acitiibuluiii, a sucker, -I- fcrrc the agent in the production of vinegar in wine, cider, etc.,
2. InfM^om., agenusof coleopterous insects. K. //((("(i.] =
1. Having or bearing acetabula.
bv the oxidation of alcohol.
+ -id + -in.']
Dfjcan. 1833
2. Pertaining to the Acetabulifera ; having
acetidin (a-set'i-din),
Same as diacctiu.
. [< acet-ic

acerval (a-ser'val), a. [< L. acerraK*, < accrn/.?, rows of cup-like

^.., suckers, as the cuttlefish.
acetification (a-set"i-fi-ka'sbou), H. [< acetify :
a heap, akin to acer, sharp, pointed, and iier- acetabuliform(as-e-tab'^-li-f6rm), n. [<L.(
see -Jiciitioii.] The act or process of acetifjang
haps to acer, a maple-tree.] Pertaining to a lahuliiiii. u clip-shaped vessel, -I- -fornm,<.fiiniia, '

or becoming acetous; conversion into vinegar.

heap. [Kare.] shaiic] 1. In bot., havingthe form of a sliallow Cliemical acetiflcation, the eonvcraion of wine, beer,
acervate (a-ser'vat), v. t.j pret. and pp. accr- cup or bowl. 2. Having the form of an lu-e- cider, ali ciliolir tlui<ls into vinegar. It has been
and other
to lU'iHiid upon llie presence of a minute fungus
iiiliil, ppr. acervatinij. [< L. acervatus, pp. of talmluin; sucker-shaped; cup-like; cotyloid. shown
accrcare, heap up, < acervus, a heap see ac<r- acetabulum (as-e-tab'u-lum), n.; -pi. acetabula
:
(Miinulcniiti iiecti of rasteur), which di-rivcs il.s food from
the alliiiminons and mineral maltcr present in the liquor ;

ffl/.] To lieap up. [liare.] (-lii). [L. .<(/(<//. vinegar: seencc^/m.] 1. In very rapidly developed, and, absorbing the ovycn 01
it is
acervate (a-ser'vat), a. [<L. accrratu.Sj pp.: Hum. antiij.: (a) A \-inegar-cup; a small wide- the transmits it to the alcohol, which by oxidation is
air,
see tlie verb.] In 7w^, heaped growing in mouthed vessel of earthenware
;
transformed into vinegar, ^ee J'erweiitation.
licup-i, or in closely compacted clusters. or metal, sometimes placed acetifier (a-set'i-fi-er), 11. An
iipparatus for
acervately (a-ser'vat-li), adv. In an acervate on the larger food-dishes, in hastening the aeetificatioii of fermented liquors
Acet.ibul.-i (the two
raannir; in heaps. [Kare.] which vinegar or ntlier condi- small vessels shown bv the exposure of large surfaces to the air.
acervation (as-tr-va'shon), n. [<L. acerra- ment was served. (/)) A dry OS resting on the Tile liquor enters the top of a cask or vat containing
laicedfsh). layers of shavings or brushwood, by which it is divided
tiii(n-), < acirvarc, heap up see acervate, r.] or liquid measure, .0677 of a
and ilistributed, and, as it trickles downward, comes into
:

The ;i<l r,f licHping together. Bntlokar, 1676. liter. Daremberij el Sniilin. (c) A similar cup iiitiiniitc- contact with air which is admitted through per-

acervative (a-ser'va-tiv), fl. Heaped up: form- or vessel used by jugglers in their feats. 2. In fi'iiitiniis In the sides of the vat.

v.; pret. and pp. acetified,

iug a heap. [Rare.] aiiat.: (a) The cavity of the os innominaluni. acetify (a-set'i-n).
Filed together irregularly, or in an aeertyatice manner. or hip-bone, which receives the head of the pjir. iicitit'iiiufi. [< L. acetum, \-inegar, E. -///, +
ir. J5. Carpenter. femur; tlio cotyle, orcotyloid cavity, fcmiied at make.] t. trans. To convert into viuegar;
ilium, ischium, and pubis. make acetous.
acervoset (a-.s6r'v68), a. [< L. as if "acervusus, the junction of the II, inlrans. To become acetous; be con-
< ((r< rriix, a lieap.] Full of heaps. Bailey. See cuts under siicrarium, quarter, iiiniiiiiiuali
verted into -vinegar.
Acervnlina fa-:s<T-viVli'nil), ;i. [NIj., < accrru- (i) A cotyledon or lobe of the placenta of ru-
acetimeter, acetometer (as-e-tim'e-t6r, -tom'-
(<) In insects, the socket of
lii.s, i|. v., -I- -/.] A genus of foraminifers, minaling animals. 1=
acetimitrr =
Pg. acetometro, <
the trunk in which the leg is inserted. {iD A (.-ter), H. 1'.
of tip- luinily .VMii/iiV/(E.
Kui-Uer, such as (hose with which the L. acetum, vinegar, +
Gr. iiirpov, a measure.]
Acervulinae(a-ser-vfi-li'ne), n, pi. [NL.,<Cfr- cuii-lik(^ An instrument for ascertaining the specific
group of fiiraininifcr- arms of the cutlldisli and other
dlliranchiiite
iiilu.H, i|. v., +
-iH'.] A See gi'avity of vinegar or acetic acid,
OUH rhi/.oi>odous protozoans, in wliii-li tlio spiral cephalopodous iiiollusks are provided. acetimetrical (a-set-i-met'ri-kal), (I. [< "Ofc-
form of the Hhell is so obscured or rirucid by cut under ySV/i/i/. (1) A sessile or ]>eduncula1c tiimlric (< acetimeter) -al.] +
Of or pertaining
thi' irregiUar addition of iiiw chaiiibiiH that sucker-like organ on thi^ ventral surface of cer-
the wliolf appears as if heHjied togctliir. tain ciitiizoa.
3. In but.: (a) The cu|)- orsiiii-
The acetimrirical method employed by th(> Excise.
to acetimetry.
eer-liUe I'riictilicatlon of many lichens, (b) The
acervuline (a-s^r'vw-lin), a. [< NIj. an rruhi.s, Vrc. Ulct.. I. It!.
\. v., -f 1. Jliiving thi' fonn or p|ii'ur-
i/irl.l
receptacle of certain fungi." 4. In mu.iir, iin acetimetry (as-e-tim'e-tri), n. Theactorpro-
iiiM'e iif little heaps; lieajied up. [Rare.] ancient instrument, made either of earthen- ic ss of nsi-ertiiiniiig the specific gravity of
ware or of metal, used like a kettledrum or vinegar or acetic acid.
TIk- Inlirr . . often pili'd llp In nil irreifiilnr acrr-
W. II. (ariitnlrr, .Micron., I t>a.
Hirnck against another acclalnilum after the acetin (as'e-tin), M. [< ncet-ic -in.] eom- + A
manner (if cymbals, ]Miiiiid iibtained by the tniion of one nudeeulo
2. >f '.r pertaining to the Accrtmlina:
<
acetal (as'e-tiil), . {<.acel-ic al(c<iliiil}.'\ +
of glycerin with one, two, or three moleculesA
acorvnlns 'ii-mT'vii-luN), .;' pi. arrrruli (-li). colorless moliiU^ liiiuid, f'ull, 40.2, with iin ether- of acetic acid. The acetins niiiy also be rcgardeil as
[NI... II lilil lienp, fliin. <if- \t'.accrruK, 11 heu|

like odor, produceil liy the impi-rfect oNidation glvi-erln ill which one, two, or time mIoiiih of hydrogen
In Kniii.. II miiHM of eulciireiiiiH of nlcoliol, under (he inlliienco of platinum are replaced by ncetvl. They Inclilih- mononcetlii (I'-,
lli,iii<\ illaccthi or ncetldin (('TllpjOti), "'l Irlncellii
(fill principally of eiirlhy IlilM-k.
ii',.llM"a)- Waltn.
Mill imetiifwH on the oiit- acetamid, acetamide (n-scl 'a-raid or -mid, or of chemical eom-
aceto-. A prefix to names
f>id.,i I
-
lonl body iif the Iirain ns'e-tu-iiiid or -mid), 11. [< iiril-ate amid.] + piiiinds, signifying the presence of acetic acid
bmin Hani, '

iillcd nil rniliiM cerebri A white crvsdillilK' solid, ClI.iCO.NII.j, Jirii- (ir acetyl riidical.
fneerviiliii ,t I,. diK'i'd liy diHtilling iimiiiiiniiim iici'late, nr liy Containing
aceto-gelatin (as'e-to-jel'a-lin), a.
aceacence [<F. orrnwwr/ =:It.
(n-iMTii'iiia),
n. lieating ethyl acetate with Hiroiig aqiieoUH iiiii- acetic acid and gelatin. Aceto-golatln omulBlon.
iirrnrinzn, < I,, oil if 'iiriiteirntin, < acrnrini l-)s, moiiia. It I'MinbineH with Imth acidsaudmetals an cniiilsiMM (onnedof |i,vrii\yllii. iccll,- iiciil. al.'ohol, and
j)pr. of aeenrerc, liir-nind Rour: eo acciccnt,] to form iiMHlablo ounipouuds. gi'lallii : used lor coating certain pboiograjihlc plates.
 :;; : ; : :

acetometer 4f5 acheninm

North America, having a suilline type of den- (The old pronunciation of the noun (ach, foimerly iich)
acetometer, " See acctimetcr. led to a similar pronunciation of the verb. In the fol-
acetone (as'e-ton), H. l<acct-tc+ -one.] 1. tition, considered by Cope as referable to the I'lwing euuplet aetie, v., is made to rinu; with patch
A lim|)icl mobile liciuid, (CH;j)2C0, wth an family Arcldci/oiiidir. There are several species A. ;

E.
Or (lellia wore a velvet mastic patch
the type-species, was as large as a large bear.
aj^'reoiiblo odor aud biu'iung taste, ijrodftoed by L pon her temples when :io tooth <liil ache.
iiisolens,
I). C'o;', 1S73. Bp. Hail, Satires, vi. 1,
the destructive distillation of acetates, it is [NI-., neut. pi. of
nrocureil on iv large scale from the aqueous linukl olj-
Achseta (a-ko'tji), . i^l. Thus pronounced, the plural of the noun and tlie third
taiued ill the ilry distillation of wood (wliwiiis : see nchwious.} An ordinal name for person singular of the verb were dissyllabic

2. The general name of a class of compounds gephyreans without seta?, with a terminal A eiuning shower your shooting corns presage,
uld actuiii throb, your hollow tooth will rage.
which may be regarded as consisting of two mouth, dorsal anus, and the anterior region of Swift, City .Shower.
alcoholic radicals united by the group CO, or as the body retractile. It includes the families
This pronunciation has been n.sed, on the stage at least,
aldehydes in which hydrogen of the group COII HipunenUdxe and Priapulida'. even in the present century, being required by the meter
has been replaced by an alcoholic radical. achsetOUS (a-ko'tus), . [< NL. aclifrtiis, < Gr. in such passages as the following;
acetonemia (as"e-t6-ne'mi-a), n. [NL., < E. (/- pi-iv. -I- ,t'V//, hair.] Having no setse; not I'll rack thee with old cramps
I''ill all thy bones with achev; make thee roar.
acetone + Gr. m/ia, blood.] In pathoL, a dis- ehictiferous ; specifically, pertaining to the
Shatc, Tempest, i. 2.]
eased condition characterized by the presence Jclidtii (which see), See jiaiii, .,, and agony.
of acetone in the blood. It results from various achage (a'kaj), H. [< ache^ -age.']+ The state -Syn. (ak), v. i. ; pret. and pp. ached, aked,
ache', ake
causes, ami may lie a symptom of various diseases. Also or condition of having aches. [Rare.]
sjielled acctona'iitin.
ppi'. iichiiig, aking. [In this pronunciation
The Pope could dispense with his Cardinalate, and liis prop. sp(dled ake, the spelling ache prop, rep-
acetonic (as-e-ton'ilc), a. Pertaining to or de-
achage, and his breakage, if that were all.
Tennyson, Queen Mary, i. 1. resenting a different pronunciation
(ach, for-
rived from acetone.
acetose (as'e-tos), . Same as acetous, 1 merly ilch) in imitation of the noun : see ache,
_
Achaian (a-kii'yan), a. and . See Acliean. H. ; < ME. alien, eken (never *achen), < AS. aean
^
,.

acetOSityt (as-e-tos'i-ti), n. [=F. ac6losiie achane (a-kii'ne), n. [< Gr. nxavv.'] An an- (strong verb, pret. oc, pp. acen ; Viie scacau, E.
Sp. acvtosUlad =It. acetosita, < NL. as if *aec-
cient Persian measiu'e for grain.
t(jsita{t-)s,< aceiosiis: see acetous and-i<(/.] The Acharinina (ak"a-ri-ni'na), H. 2)1. [NL., for shake, and taean, E. take), ache, prob. cognate,
state or quality of being acetous or sour ; acid- ai-liiiniiiia (f), < Acliarnes, a genus of fishes, <
notwithstanding the wide divergence of mean-
ing, with Icel. aka (strong verb, pret. ok, pp.
ity ; soui-ness ; tartness. Gr. axapvLig, axapvor, axapvai;, a sea-fish.] In
pulpe Tamarinds hath a great aeetositie. Giinther's classification of fishes, the tlurd
ekinn), drive, move, L. agere =
(jr. ayeiv, diive=
The juice or of
see act, agent.] To suffer pain ; have or be in
Woodall, Surgeon's Mate, p. 175. subfamily group of his family Nandida; hav-
pain, or in continued pain ; be distressed physi-
acetous (as'e-tus or a-se'tns), a. [=F. acc- ing hidden pseudobranehiffi. or false gills, five cally as, his whole body ached. :

It'iix Sp. Pg. It. acetoso, < NL. acetosm, < L. ventral rays, and teeth on the jjalate. It is c<iii-
The sense aclies at thee. Shak., Othello, iv. 2.
stituti-d for fresh-water fishes from tropical America
acctum, xinegBx: seeacetum.'] 1 Having a sour which properly belong to the genus Clchla of the family
.
Those inmost and soul-piercing wounds, which are ever
taste ; vinegary. Boyle. Also written ncetosc. Cirldi.lii: achififf while uncured. Raleigh, Hist. World, Pref., p. 1.
2. Of or pertaining to vinegar; causing or con- acharnement (a-sharn'ment), H. [P.,< oc/i)'f/'. ache^t (ach), n. [< ME. ache, < OF. ache, "the
nected with acetifieation. Acetous acid, a term give a ta.stf of flesh (to dogs, etc.), refl. s'hcIkii- herb smallage; ache des jardins, parsley" (Cot-
formerly applied to impure and dilute acetic acid, under iici; tliirst for blood, < L. as if *adeaniarr, < ad, gi'ave), F. ache =
Sp. It. apio, parsley, < L.
the notion that it was composed of carlion and hydrogen in
the same jiroportions as in acetic acid, but with less oxy-
to, +
caro {cant-), flesh : see carnal,'] Blood- aphim, parsley (usually refen-ed to ap'is, a bee,
iien. It is now known that no such acid exists, so that this thirstiness, as of wild beasts or of infuriated bees being said to be fond of it : see ApU), <
term has fallen into disuse. Acetous fermentation, men ; ferocity eagerness Gr. aiTiov, a species of Euphorbia, perhaps the
;

the process by which alcoholic liiimm. a^ l"ir or wine, for slaughter. [Rare.] sun-spurge (or parsley ?). Cf. smallage, i. e.,
yield acetic acid by oxidation. See J>iiiini'nti<iyi.
achateif (ak'at), . [< L. small ache.] A
name of garden-parsley, I'etro-
acetum (a-se'tum), H. [L., vinegar, in form pp. iteliates : see agate.] Aji .<cliniiiii .valinitit.
neut. {(tectum, sc. vinuni, soured wine) of acerc,
be SOIU-, akin to accr, sharp, sour: see acid and
agate. Achean, Achaean (a-ke'an), a. and n. [< L.
Hence (fi-om acetum, not from neut. adj. The christall, jacinth, m-lmlr, Acha-ns, < Gr. 'Axa'k, belonging to 'Ax"'",
aerid. John Taylor. Achaia, L. Jc/ffCfl.] I. . Pertaining to Achsea
ruby red.
acidiim) Goth. al<eit =
AS. a;ced,eced OS. ecid =
OD. edick, etick, D. edik, eek =
LG. etik = acliate''^t, ". [Assibilated (Achaia) in the Peloponnesus, to the Acheans
ORG. ej.://(, MHG. e::::iclt,G. essig T>&n.. eddike = form of acute, q. v.] See (Achteans, Aeha?i, or Aehaioi), or to the con-
(>Icel. ediJ:) = S-w. cittika, vinegar.] Vinegar ueate. federacy called the Achean League The Ache-
League, originally, a confederation for religions obser-
(which see). Achatina (ak-a-ti'na), v. an vances funned l)y the cities of Aehtea on the abolition of
acetyl (as'e-til), n. [< acet-ic +
-i/l, < Gr. vAr/, [NL., < L. achates, agate monarchical government and the establishment of democ-
matter, substance.] A
univalent radical sup- see agate.] A
genus of racy. The league was gi'adually broken up by the Mace-
land-snails, of the family donians, but was renewed by the Acheans on a purely
posed to exist in acetic acid and its derivatives. political basis about 280 B. C, when they threw off the
Aldehyde may be regarded as the hydrid, and acetic acid Helicidce. it is typified by the .Mace(biiii:in yoke, constituted an enlightened iind purely
as the hydrate, of acetyl. Agate-shell
large agate-shells of Africa, and feileial n public, .and for over a centui-y stood as an ef-
acetylene (a-set'i-len or as'e-ti-len), n. [< {Achait7ta Taritgata). is distinguished by an intorted and rteient bulwark to the declining liberties of Greece.
abruptly truncate columella. The
aceti/l + -cue.'] Acolorless eudothermic gas,
species of this genus, which comprises some of the largest
II. H. An inhabitant of Achtea (Achaia), or
C3H2, having a characteristic disagi-eeable terrestrial mollusks, live chiefly near water about trees one of the ancient Greek people (Aehaioi) from
odor, aud burning with a luminous smoky flame. they are mostly "African. The small species formerly whom that country took its name. The name
Illumhiating gas contains a small amount of it, and it is referred to Achatina are little related to the genus. La- Aehaioi is in Homer used as a generic term for all the
probably formed from other gaseous compounds during innrck 17!)D. Also Achatium {Link, 1S07) and Agathina Greeks, but was later applied to the most important tribes
the conibustit>n of illuminating gas. It is also formed UM^hay,:^). of eastern Peloponnesus, and was finally restrietedj after
from its elements, carbon and hydrogen, when the to the inhabitants of the region on
electric Achatinella (a-kat-i-nel'a), . [NL., dim. of the Dorian eonciuest,
are is passed between carbon-points in an atmosphere of the gulf of Corinth in the northwestern part of the Pelo-
hydrogen; and also by the imperfect combustion of illu-
Achatltta.] nameA used with various limit ponnesus.
shells of moder-
minating gas and other hydrocarl>ons. It is prepared on for a genus of Hclicidtv. with Also spelled Achaian, in closer imitation of
a commercial scale by the decomposition of water with ately small size, resembling those of Achatitia. the Greek.
certain metallic carbides, calcium carbide being chiefly It has numerous representatives peculiar to tlie Sand-
useil tor the purpose. At pressures of less than two atmo wich Islands. H'. Simim-on, 1S28. The genus has also achech,
. In Egypt, antiq., a fabulous animal,
spheres it is not explosive except by the action of fulmi been named llelictcres. half lion, half bird, like the Grecian grilEn.
nates. Undergreater pressure it explodes at low red heat A^Jja^-j^jj^jjjag (a-kat-i-ni ' ne), n. pi. [NL., < acheckt, e. t. [ME. acheken (only in pp. acheked,
with a violence nearly equal to that of guncotton. With A
icltatiiia + -inw.] subfamily of land-snails, of in passage quoted below), < -l (or -) -1- cheken:
certain metals and metallic salts It forms explosive com- ";, rr ,v7, .1; .+;, *-
.,
pounds. The acetylene series of hydrocarbons has the gen- the family Helicida, distinguished
;i,,i from Metici-
f/^7;/.;
see cheek, t!.] To cheek; stop; hinder.
eral formula C2H2n-2 it includes acetyl or ethiiie (CoHg),
; ntc proper by the character ot the lingual den- When they metten in that place,
propiiie (C3H4), butine (C^H,-,). and pentine (C'sHg). tition, the usually sharp lip, truncate columella, They were acheked bothe two.
Chaucer, House of Fame, 1. 2093.
acetylic (as-e-til'ik), a. Of or pertaining to swollen body-whorl, and elongate spire. The
acetyl. roup includes tlie largest known pulmonates, some being Acheenese (ach-e-nes' or -nez'), a. and n. See
are Afilcan those of Aehinese.
acetylization (as"e-til-i-za'shon), n. [< acetyl -f i" iuclus lun-. Most of the species agate-Mls. See cut
;

-i,e + -ano.] In chettt., the"process of com- ^^"i::}J^!:f""' ''' '^'""' "' acheilary, etc. See achilary, etc.
bining or causmg to combine with the radical acheiria, etc. See achiria, etc.
achatourt . [Assibilated form of acatom; aca- acheket, '' t. See achoke.
aeetyl or with acetic acnd. Same as acater.
,^^. ^^^ a'catcr, n.]
acheless (iik' les), a. [_< ache^ -less.'] With- +
^^l''',\-^'^^%ffJ'-^-''''; -, achelake(ak),H. [In this pronunciation prop.
ach- (ach), . [Ct. Hmd. ak, gigantic swallow- ^y^\\[.,\ /,.<. < ME. ake : but formerly two pro- out ache or throb.
..

wort, a sprout of sugar-cane.] An East Indian achelort. A

corrupt spelling of ashler.
nuneiations existed, ak and ach (iik and ach),
name of several species of plants of the rubia- the latter, prop, indicated by the spelling achene (a-ken'), . English form of achenium.
ceous genus Morinda. Also spelled akene.
ache, representing ME. ache, also spelled eche,
Achaean, tt. and n. See Acliean. achenia, . Plm'al of achenium.
< AS. ece, n., ache (< aean, v.) ; the foi-mer repre-
Achaemenian (ak-e-me'ni-an), a. [< L. AchfB- senting ME. ake, directly < aketi, < AS. acatt. achenial (a-ke'ni-al), a. Pertaining to an ache-
iticiiius, a., Aeha'tiienes, n., < Gr. 'Axai/^^vt/c, a nium.
ache, a strong verb : see ache, v. Cf. stark and achenium (a-ke'ni-um), n. pi. achenia (-a).
Persian king, ancestor of the Acliccmeuida; Gr. AS. stearc. The anomalous modern ;

starch, both < [NL., also written aeheenium, iiTeg. (cf. Gr. axa-
'A;ifa<//fi(5a'.] Pertaining or relating to the ache, with eh pron. k, has been supposed
spelling vi/c, not gaping) < a- priv. -t- ,ta/i'E', gape, aki n
Achajmenidte, an ancient royal family of Per-
to rest upon the notion that the word is de- to E. yatcn, q. v.] 1. In hot., a
sia, historically beginning with Cyi'us, about
rived from the Gr. d,tof, pain, distress; but small, dry and hard, one-celled,
.558 B. c, and ending vrith the conquest of the therS is no connection between the two words,
Persian empire by Alexander the Great, 330 B.C. one-seeded, indehiscent fi-uit;
nor is there any with the interj. a7( = L. ah=G. strictly, a single and free ear-
achaenium, . See acheuium. acft = Dan. ah, ak.] Pain of some duration, in
achaenocarp (a-ke'no-karp), n. [In-eg. < Gr. a- opposition to sudden twinges or spasmodic pain pel of this character, as in the
|u-iv. -H x'l'vfiv, gape, -I- imp-og, fruit.] In hot., Achenium. buttercup, avens, etc., but ex-
a continued dull or heavy pain, as in toothache Lettuce and Ranun- tended to all similar fruits re-
any dry indehiscent fruit.
or earache. culus.
sulting from a compound ovaiy,
Aciiaepodon. (a-ke'no-don), h. [NL., < Gr. a- SJyself was lost,
priv. -t- xo-iveiv, gape, -f 0601% {'oSov--) =z E. tooth.] even when invested with an adnate calyx, as
Gone from me like an m-he.
A genus of fossil carnivorous mammals of Lowell, Under the Willows. in the order Composite. Also written achene,
 ! ; . ! !

acbenlum 46 achorion
aduBnium, akene, and akenium. 2. leap.'] In
Still achifvinij, still pursuing,
Learn to labor and to wait.
aching (a'king), 2>. a. [Ppr. of ache^.] Endur-
71'. E. Leach.
entoni., a genus of beetles. Loniifellou; Psalm of Life.
ing or causing pain painful. ;

achenodium (ak-e-no'di-um), H.; pi. acheno- (a-chev'ment), . [< F. acheve-

What peaceful hours I once enjoy'd
dki (-{i}. [NL., < achenium + -oclex, < Gr. -(J(5, achievement ilow sweet their memory still
mcnt. completion. < achever : see achieve and But they have left an achini/ void
-o-tdiii: see -Old.] In to/., a doulile achenium, The world can never fill.
-men t.] 1 The act of achieving or pert' oi-ming .
such as is found in the order Uiiibillifera: Cowper, Olney Hymns,
an obtaining by exertion accomplishment: as,
Acheron (ak'e-rou), H. [L. Acheron (-ont-), the achievement of one's object.
;

achingly (a'king-U), adv. With aching pain- ;

also Jcheruns (-uiit-), < Gr. i.r'P"'' (-<"^-), in fully.
Capable of high achievement as a writer of romance.
earliest use, one of the rivers of Hades (popu- Athcno'iini, No. 30t>7, p. 172. achibte (Sp. pron. ii-che-6'ta), h. [Sp., also
larly connected with axo<:, paia, distress, = E. achate, Pg. achioti, < achioti, the native Amei'i-
2. That whieh is achieved a great or heroic ;
aire", q. v.), later the name of several rivers of can name of the plant.] The vernacular name
deed something accomplished by valor, bold-
Greece and Italy, which, from their dismal or ness, or superior ability.
;

in Central. America of the arnotto-tree, liixa

savage suiToundings, or from the fact that a How my achievements mock me Orcllana. See arnotto.
ponion of their course is beneath the ground, Shak., T. and C, iv. 2. achira (a-che'rii), H. [Appar. a native name.]
were believed to be entrances to the infernal Illustrious judges have declared that Galileo's conception The name on the western coast of South Amer-
regions.] 1. In Gi: and Som. myth., the name of the laws of Motion is his greatest achievement. ica of the Citnna ednlis, whose large tuberous
of a river in Hades, over which the souls of the G. U. Lcuvs. Probs. of Life and Mind, I. 4S. i.
roots are used for food, and jield tous-les-
dead were fen-ied by Charon hence, a general 3. In her., an escutcheon or armorial shield.
;
niois, a superior large-grained kind of an'ow-
name for the lower world. The proper e.vpression is "achievement of arms," and .sig- root
Get you gone, nifiesa complete heraldic composition, whether the shield
alone or the shield with crest, motto, and supporters, if achiria (a-ki'ri-a), n. [NL., less prop, acheiria,
Aiul at the pit of Acheron
Meet me i* the morning. Shak., Macb., iii. 5. any. The term achievement is applied especially to the < (ir. iixcipia, < ax^ipof or ojt'p, without hands :

escutcheon of a deceased person displayed at his obsequies, see iichirou,'<.] In teratol., absence of hands,
2. [NL.] A
genus of neuropterous insects. over his tomb, etc., distinctively called & funeral achieve-
ment, or more commonly a hatchment (which see). =Syil achirite
(ak'i-rit), n. [< Achir Mahiued, name
Acherontia (ak-e-ron'shi-a), n. [NL., < Gr.
'Ax'i'o^'''o?- pertainingto AcKeron : see Acheron.'] 2. Deed, Feut. Exjdoit, etc. See.tod. of a Bokharian merchant who furnished the
A genus of nocturnal lepidopterous insects, of achiever (a-che'ver), . One who achieves or specimens that were taken in 1785 to St, Peters-
the family Sphingida;. A. atropos is the death's- accomplishes. burg, + -ite-.'] Emerald copper or dioptase.
head moth, or death's-head hawk-moth. See We are
well accustomed to the sight of a fresh young achirous (a-ki'rus), a. [Less prop, achcirons,
girl, a close student, a fine achiever, . . . sinking , . . into < NL. achints^ < Gr. axcipoi; or o^(/), handless. <
diath's-head.
Acherontic (ak-e-ron'tik), a. [< L. Acheronticus,
an aching, ailing, moping creature. (i- priv. +
,Yfio. hand.] In teratol., handless;
E. S. Phelps, quoted in Sex and Education, p. 133. without hands.
(.Acheron: see Acheron.] Of or pertaining to
Acheron or the infernal regions; dark; gloomy: achilary (a-ki'la-ri), a. [As achil-ous + -art/.] achirus (a-ki'rus), H. [NL., <Gr. axeipoc, with-
Without a Up; specifically, in hut., noting the outhands: see achirous.] 1. In frra?/., a mon-
as, Acherontic mists.
absence of the labellum or lip in monstrous ster cliaracterized by the absence of hands.
achersett, n. An error f or a cfterse?. See cher-
.vf^
flowers of the order Orchidaceai. Also spelled Also spelled acheirns. 2. [cup.]
In :oiil., a
as encheson. Same ncheilari/. genus of heterosomatous fishes, of the family
achesount, ".
[NL., <Achihis +
Acheta (ak'e-ta), )i. [NL., < L. acheta, the male AchiUda Soleida', having no pectoral fins, whence the
(a-kil'l-da), n. pi.
-ida.] A dirision of the great family of homop- name. .1. tineatus is an American sole, comnmnly call-
cicada, < Doric Gr. axcra, axirac, Gr. !/xiTK, the
terous insects called Fulgorida; one of 13 so- ed lina-clinkcr. Lact^phtc, 1802. See cut under Solcida-.
cicada, prop, adj., chirping, < Gr. i^c"', sound,
chirp. < !,x>/, a sound, akin to r/x^t b. sound, an
called subfamilies, taking name fi-om the genus achlamydate (a-klam'i-dat), a. [< Gr. li-
AehiUi.i. priv. (11-18) -I- chlamijdate, q. v.] Not chlamy-
echo, see echo.] The tj^iical genus of the fam-
Achillea fak-i-le'a), n. [L., a plant supposed date having no pallium or mantle: said of
;
ily Achetidm: equivalent to Gri/Un.'i (which see).
to be the same as that called in Latin achittius, moliusks.
Achetidae (a-ket'i-de), n. pi. [XL., < Acheta + In the achtami/date forms [of brancbiog.ostropodsl true
or yarrow, < Gr. 'Axi'^'^toi;, of Achilles,
-i<l<r.] A family of saltatorial orthopterous in- milfoil
from a belief that AchiUes used this plant in gillsare usually 'absent. Iliixlei/, .\mit. Invert., p. 4;17.
sects, embracing the crickets, etc., named from
the leading genus, Acheta. The name is now cm-ing
Telephus.] A large genus of perennial Achlamydeae (ak-la-mid'e-e), . pi. [NL.,
herbaceous plants, natural order Composita; of I'cMi. )il. of iiehlann/deiis : see nchlinniiileoii-'i.] In
little used, the family being generally called
the northern hemisphere and mostly of the old hot., a term proposed by Lindley for a group of
(lri/!lid<e (which see).
dicotyledonous orders in which both caly.\ and
Achetina (ak-e-tJ'nS), n. pi. [NL., < Acheta + world. Two species are common, the milfoil or yarrow, A. MillefoUnm. indigenous in both hemisj)herc8 and of corolla are wanting, at least in the pistillate
-ilia.] A group of orthopterous insects, includ- rei>ute as a bitter tonic, and the sneezewurt, .A. Ptarmica. llowers, as in willows and birches.
ing the crickets, as distinguished from the grass- Achillean (ak-i-le'an), . [< L. AchillcHS, < Gr.
hoppers, etc.
achlamydeous (ak-la-mid'e-us), a. [< NL.
WxMciiK, ^ iA.^(/'.?.ti'f, L. Achilles.] Of, resem- iiehldnii/deiis, < Gr. li- priv. -i- x^"f'C (-''''-), a
achevet, '. '. Obsolete form of achieve. bling, or belonging to Achilles, the heroin tlie mantle: see oAS and ehliiiiii/diDii.i.] In hiil.,
acheweed (ak'wed), n. [< ache'^ + wecd^.] An war against Troy, noted for his valor, swift- witliout a floral envelop: an epithet applied to
old name of the goutweed, JEgopodium poda- ness of foot, elc, but especially for imreleut-
plants which have neither caly.\ nor corolla,
(jraria. ing wrath hence, valiant, swift, tmrelenting, ;
and wliose flowers are consequently naked, or
achia, achiar (ach'ia, ach'iilr), . [< Pg. adiia, etc.
destitute of a covering, it has also been applied t.>
tlif confccted Inilian eJuc, achar, any sort of I dined with Mr. Landor, ... I had inferred from his an ovulewbich consists of the muieus only, without prop-
picklfd roots, herbs, or fruits, < Hind, achdr, hooks, or nmgnifled from some anecdotes, an impression er seed-coats, as in the mistletoe.
jiiekles.] An East Indian name for the pickled of Achillean WTath an untamable petulance.
Emcmon, Prose Works, II. Uil. achlorophyllous (a-klo-ro-fil'us or ak-16-rof'i-
slioots of the young bamboo, liambnaa arundi- 1ms), II. [iiiv. .1- priv. + x^'Upui; green, + ijn'/-
ntiriii, usid as a condiment. achilleic (ak-i-le'ik), a. Pertaining to or de- /"!, leaf: see o-l", ehlorophijl, and -om.v.] In
achievable (a-che'va-bl), a. [< achieve + -able.] rived from Achillia Millefolinm Achlllelo acid, hot., destitute of chlorophyl.
an acid found in the lea\'es an'd tlowcrs of milfoil or yar-
Capuljlo of being actieved or perfoi-med. row, Achillea MMeJ'oliuni: probably identical with 'ant- achlys (ak'Iis), n. [NL., < Gr. ax'^hr, a mist.]
Th raise ii dejul iiiiin to life doth not involve eoiitradic- nil ic acid. Same as euliijo.
lion, onil is therefore, at leant, achiemlite by Omnipotence.
Barrow. Sermons, .\.\ix.
achillein (ak-i-le'in), H. U. Achillea + -hi-.] achmite (ak'mit), n. Incorrect spelling of ac-
An amorplions, brownish-red, and very bittir niile.
achievancet (a-che'vans), n. [< OF. acheiance, substance, CooHggNoOjs, derived from the mil- achoket, '' ' [< ME. achokcn, achcken, < AS.
(ill-Ill II r : nee achieve and-ance.] Performance; full, Achillea'MiliefiiUnm. When used in medicine it o'ufi'MH,choke,< - -t- 'ccocian: see chokc^.] To
achievement: as, "his noble acts and achiev- f.intid to ]irodii(.i. marked irr(.i,'nlarity of the pulse. choke suffocate. Also written achchr.
i..<
;
anrrn," Sir T. Kliiot, The Govemoiir, iii. '12.
Achillis tendo (a-kil'i.s ten'do). [L. Achilli.i, Whan that Thesus sccth :

achieve (a-chov'), v.; pret. and pj). achieved, gen. of .Irhilh'.s- tendo, tendon.] See tendon The beste achcked. Chaucer, Good Wiuncn, ons.
; I.

ppr. achiirinij. [Formerly also n/cAici'c, < ME. of Achilles, uiiiU'r tendon. GIf thou will achoken the fnlllllyng of nature with sn-
aihivin, <OF. arjieeer, achiever, achcrir, achivcr prose
achilous (u-ki'lus), . [Less prop, acheilons, perlluitics. f'hiiucer, Hoethius, li. .^t.

(V. achevrr), fini.sh, < the phrase renir a chief < NL. iirhiiun, <Gr. n-priv. + .v'/of, lip-] With- acholia (a-kol'i-a), n. [NL., < Gr. ?,/o, < I'nn- li

(F. rcni'r a chef), come to an end OF. chief (F. out lijs. ; A", williiml bile: see acholoiis.] In }inthiil.,
rhcf), an end, a head: see chief. (;(. chicve.] Achilus (a-ki'liis), . [NL. see achilon.<t.] .\ doliiii'Tiry or want of bile, :

I. traim. 1. To perform or expcute; accom- genus of honiopterouH insects, of the family acholithitet (a-kol'i-thit), . [Corrupt spelling
plinh, as Homo (freat enterprise; finish; cany t'iriida; or giving name to a group Achilida of acolonlhite, q. v.] .Same as acoli/lc.
on to u prosporouH cIoho. (which see), hirliji, 1K18. To see a lazy, dumb aclwtiihile
AnrI now ({Teat deeds Achimenes (a-kim'e-nez), H. [Perhiips frnni ..\rmed ii^idnsl a ilevont llv's despight.
Il.l b-eii nrl,iern(. .Miltim, V. L., II. 72a. liji. Hull. Satires, Iv. 7.
\i. iirliii nienis, <(ir. iixi'i/ievir, an anibi'r-i'iiliiri.d
r.naldrd him nt iinKib i nWiiVw his Krent enterprUe, acholous (alt'o-Uu.), a. [<Gr. li ,)'>'*<>?, without
In Um- Ur,. eery l)hiMt in India nwd in nnigicnl arts. <'f. .ielnr-
r.i,|,... .1
.,(
I., II.
olisloiic- whieh man and nature had
rrmrull, Ferd. anil menian.] A gcnns of iirnnMicntiii licrb.s, n.'ilu- bile, < II- priv. + x'>^'/\ Wlc, gall : see choler.]
!., I. 1(1.
Wanting or deficient in bile.
^'^ ,.r ,.1,1 ..;
r 111. result of exertion;'
ral order (IcKneruceir, bcliinging to Iropiciil
achor (nk'or or a'kor), n. [Ij., < Gr. " vPi scin'f,
brill; America. They arc freijuent In greenhoiiHcu. and tlie
number of varietlcM ha been laively liu-reaiwd by culll\a
iluniliuir.] 1. A naini' fonncrly given toccr-
HI,.
kliiKH iii'/iirrvil. t'rior, tlon. Iniri seiilv or crusty eutuneoiis nlTcclions of tho
TeimjiMon, 'rirt'slax. Achinese (adi-i-nes' or -nf'z'), a. and n. I. ". linid anil face in infants, particularly to cer-
II
thai
I

:
d, but victory afltirmi,
innn.
I'lTlniniiig to Achin (alwi written Aehevn.^leh- tain fonns of ec/.enia. 2. An individual acuini-
in, and .ticheen), a ti'irllory in the nortnweHt- niilo imHtnlc.
in for New Life, |i. 214.
-m. 1. H/Trr, \r, (a< , jtrrtorm), lirlnfc
ern jiart of tho iHland of Sninatrn, Achordata (nk-<1r-da'tii), V. pi. [NL.,<Gr. ri-
fthdllt, Wirrfc
ii.'ilfl II. . .vinflr. and pi. 1. A native or an iii- priv. + ncc ri-'f iind diordata,]
V'v"'''/, chord :

n. <'' Chn iirer. hnbilaiil of Arhin, or llii. iieopji' of Achin, A rollri'tiv** name of thoKc animals which have
2.
I
I .

Ti. I !.- :;,riii; bring 2. The hingiiage iihciI by the AchinCHO, wliich no notocliord: opiiosed to i'hordiilii.
about a r' .
,i. bejiings to tlii> Maliiynn family, and is writt<-n achorion a-ko'ri-on),H,; iil,"<7/i)n (-ii). [NL.,<
I

ff><'
Am dru" w..r.|
>nd dun (uAiVri' u (noil with Ariibii' cliiirnctorH, nihiir. 'I'lio iianie given to one of the tlireoprin-
I
i,i< .-ihak., Cor, l, 7. AIhu writt,<!u AchccncMC and .4l4;hinete. I'ipnl ib.iiri!ilo|iliyli.H, or i'|ii|ihytcs of tho skin.

:

achorion 47 acidify
It the constituent of the crusts of favus (achor), and
is achromophilous (a-kro-mof 'i-lus), a. in the parapodia of some annelids, as
[< Gr. a- bedded
belongs to tllc group of funjcoij plants dtuominatod priv. (o-fs) +ckromopltilous.] In embryoL, not the I'olychwta. The notopodial and the neuropodial
OidiuM. It consists of spores, sporiiiia or tul)es lllled divisions of the parapodia each carry one of these acicula.
with spores, and empty tiranchcd tulies or inyceliuni.
chromophilous (which see). See extract.
Krasniutii Wiltion. The substance of the ovum [of Aficarin] is also remark- aciculus (a-sik'u-lus), n. ; pi. aciculi (-li). [NL.,
[L.,< Gr. n.tpac akind of wild ably dilferentiated, that of the ' [mlar disk " alone ex- a mase. form of acicula, q. v.] In bot., a strong
Achras (ak'ras), h.
hibiting a vertical striation. and dilli'iciitiatiii^' into two bristle.
pear-trcL'.] A genus
of plants consisting of a layers, sujicrHcial and sul)jacent (ternnd arlinniitiiiliitnun
(as'id), a. and n.
acid [=F. acw? Sp. Pg. =
single spocie.s, A. Sapota, of tho natiu'al order an<l chrumtiphilttus respectively). Eiu-yc. Jirit.,XX. 417.
It. acido, < L. sour, < acere, be sour
acidus,
iStljtotdCew. It is an everjireen tree, witli tliicli shining
leaves and milky juice, a native of tropical America, and
achromOUS (ii-kro'mus), a. [< Gr. a- priv. + O acctum, q. v.), akin to acer, sharp, iicies,
is often cultivated fin- its edible fruit, the sapodilla or Xpi'Jl'n, color.] Colorless; without coloring edge, Gr. iinjiii, E. acme, edge, etc., all from y/'ak,
sapodilla plum. Its b.ark (Jamaica bark) is a.stringent and matter. be sharp, pierce.] I. a. Sour, sharj), or biting
is used as a febrifuge the seeds are aperient and diuretic.
;
achronic, achronical (a-kron'ik, -i-kal), a. An to the taste tasting like vinegar : as, add fridts
;

2. A genus of coleopterous insects. Water- erroneous spelling of acroni/ck, acroni/chal. or liquors

Acid rock. See nt-irfic.
house, lS7f). achroodextrine (ak"ro-6-deks'trin), n. [< Gr. II. n. [< NL. aciilum, neut. of L. acidus, a.]
achroiocythemia, achroiocythsemia (a-ki-oi"- dxpoof, colorless (see achroous), + K. dextrine.] Originally, a substance possessing a sour taste
6-si-the'mi-a), )i. [NL., prop, aclirwuci/thcemia, Dextrine whioli is not colored by iodine : con- like that of vinegar ; in modern chemical use, a
< Gr. axpoiof, same as iixpooi:, colorless (see trasted with erythrodextrine. name given to a large number of compounds
achroous), +
KiTof, a cavity (< nheiv, contain), + ach-root (aeh'rot), M. [< ach"^ root.] The + which do not necessarily possess this property.
a'lua, blood.] In pathol., diminution of the nor- root of Morinda tinctoria, used in India as a It does not appear that very gl-eat importance was at any
mal amoiuit of hemoglobin in the red blood- dye. See ach"^. time attached to sourness as a characteristic of acids from
Also called oligochromemia. a chemical point of view. The following properties are
coi'puseles. achroous (ak'ro-us), a. [< Gr. axpoog, also axpoiog, common to most acids: Ist, solubility in water; 2d, a
achroite (ak'ro-it), . [< Gr. axpoog, colorless, colorless, < a- ' priv. + jfpiJa, ;fpom, color. Cf. sour taste (in some acids, on account of their corrosive-
+ -ite".'] A
colorless variety of tourmalin found achromatic] Colorless ; achromatic. ness, this property can be perceived only after dilution
on tho island of Elba. achylous (a-ki'lus), rt. [<Gr. axv/i/ic, < a- -priv. with a large quantity of water) ; 3d, the power of turning
achroma (a-kio'ma), . [NL., <Gr. li-priv. + -h jfAcic, chyle.] Without chyle. Syd. fHoc. vegetable blues to red; 4th, the power of decomposing
most carbonates, and displacing the carbonic acid with
Xiiiifia, color: sec achromatic.'i In /xtWiO?., lack Le.r. etTervescence 5th, the power of destroying more or less
;

of pigment in the skin aehromasia. ; Achyrodon (a-ki'r9-don), n. [NL., < Gr. axvpov, completely the characteristic properties of alkalis, at the
achromasia (ak-ro-ma'zi-a), n. [NL., < Gr. pi. axufia, chaff, bran, husks, + orfoi'c (bdovr-) = same time losing their own distinguishing characters, form-
ing salts. In modern chennstry an acid njay be termed
axiKj/tuToi;, v/ithont color: see acl>romaHc.~\ In E. tooth.] A genus of fossil mammals from the
a salt of hydrogen, or it may be defined as a compound
jiiitkiil., lack of pigment in the skin. Pm-beck beds of England, having teeth of the containing one or more atoms of hydrogen which become
achromatic (ak-ro-mat'ik), a. [< Gr. axp_i>luiToc, insectivorous type, and more than eight molars displaced by a metal, or by a radical possessing to a cer-
without color (< a- priv., without, + ;i-/Du/Ja(r-), and premolars. Owen, 1877. tain extent metallic functions. An acid containing one
such atom of hydrogen is said to be monobasic, one con-
color), + -ie; see chromatic.'] Destitute of acicle (as'i-kl), n. Same as acicula, 2. Dana,
taining two such atoms bihasic, etc. Acids of a gi'eater
color; free from coloration; transmitting light Crustacea, I. 434. basicity than unity are frequently termed potybasic acids.
without decomposing it into its constituent acicula (a-sik'u-lii), H. pi. acicula: (-le). [L., ;
When an acid contains oxygen, its name is generally
3olors: as, an acliromatic lens or telescope. a needle, a small pin, dim. of acus, a needle, formed by adding the terminal -^c either to the name of
the element with which the oxygen is united or to an ab-
The human eye is not achromatic. It suffers from chro- from same root as acer, sharp, acies, an edge, breviation of that name. Thus, sulphurforms with oxygen
matic aberratiou as well as from spherical aberration. acutus, sharjj, etc.: see acid, acute, acerb.] 1. sulpliuric acid; nitrogen, nitric acid; and phosphorus,
Tyndall, Light and Elect., p. 72.
A
needle, pin, or bodkin, of wood or bone, phosphoric acid. But it frequently happens that the same
element forms two acids with oxygen; and in this case
Achromatic condenser, an achromatic lens placed be- used by Roman women as a hair-pin. It was
tween the mirror and the stage of a microscope to con- the acid that contains the larger amount of oxygen re-
centrate the light upon the object when the
not smaller than an acus (which see), but of in- ceives the terminal syllable -/c, while that containing less
light from the concave mirror is not sufficiently ferior material. 2. A
spine or prickle of an O-xygen is made to end in -ou.s. Thus, we have sulphurous,
intense. Achromatic lens, a lens sensibly animal or plant. Also called (/C!C?f. 3. [cap.] nitrous, and phosphorous acid, each containing a smaller
proportion of oxygen than that necessarj- to form respec-
free from chromatic aberration. It is usually
composed of two lenses made of glass having
A
name ajjplied to several genera of gastropods, tively sulphuric, nitric, and phosphoric acid. In some
different refractive and dispersive powers (for
and retained for the representative genus of the instances, however, the same element forms more than
example, a double convex lens of crown-glass family Jc/i'?(V?((', inhabiting Europe. A.fusca two acids with oxygen, in which case the two Greek words
[a a] and a concavo-convex lens of flint-glass
[b b\), the forms of which are so adjusted that
is the best-known form. 4. leap.] genus of A uTTo {hypo-), under, and ijirep (hyper-), over, are pieJixed to
the name of the acid. Thus, an acid of sulphur contain-
worms. ing less oxygen than sulphurous acid is termed byposul-
one lens veiy nearly corrects the dispersion of
the other without, however, destroying its re- acicula, n. Plural of aciculum. phm"Ous acid and another acid of the same element con-
;

fraction. Achromatic telescope or micro-
scope, a telescope or microscttpc in wlijch tlic
chromatic aberrulinn is preventetl, usually by
means of an achromatic object-glass.
achromatically (ak-ro-mat'i-kal-i), adv Ini
achromatic manner.
achromaticity (a-kro-ma-tis'j-ti), n. [< achro-
matic -I- -(7//.] The
state or quality of being
achromatic achromatism. See equation.
;
achromatin (a-kro'ma-tin), )(. [< &r. axpu/iOToc,
not colored, 4- -h(2.] in bot., that portion of the
basic substance of the nucleus of a vegetable-
cell wliieh, under the action of staining agents,
becomes less highly colored than the rest.
achromatisation, achromatise, etc See achro-
')Hali~iiti(iii,
Aciculacea (a-sik-ii-la'se-a), n.pl. [NL., < Jej^ taining, in jnopurtion to sulphur, more oxygen than sul-
+ A synonym of AcicuUdw (which phuroiis acid ami less than sulphuric, might be named
cula -acea.]
^ either hypcrsuliihurous or liypn.sulphuric acid; Ijut the
see). lattertenn has been adopted. J'lic jircflx ir- is frequently
acicular [< NL. acicularis, < L.
(a-sik'u-lar), a. substituted for hyper-. Acetic acid, fatty acid, nitric
acicula, a needle: see acicula.] Having the acid, etc. See these adjecti\i.s. Nordhausen acid,
shape of a slender needle or stout bristle hav- brown fuming sulphuric acid, a solution of sulphiu- trioxia
acid, used as a solvent of indigo, and at pres-
;
in sulphui'ic
ent in the manufacture of artificial alizarin. It is named
inMii tlie place where it "as first manufactured.
acid-green (as'id-gren'), >i. coloring mat-A
ter,a sulphonie acid of various sorts of benzal-
dehyde-greens. it is one of the coal-t,ir colors. It
dyes a brighter color than the so-called solid green. It is
also called Hetretia yrecn, and light green S. Benedikt
and Knecht, Chem. of'Coal-tar Colors, p. 84.
acidic (a-sid'ik), a. 1. Acid: in chem., applied
to the acid element, as silicon, in certain salts

achromatism
achromatize, etc.
(a-kro'ma-tizm), . l<. achromat-
Acicular Crystals, Stibnite.
opposed to basic. 2. Containing a large amount
the acid element: as, the acidic feldspars,
ic + -ism. state or
Cf. F. achromatisme.1 The ing a sharp point like a needle as, an acicular of :

quality of being achromatic ; absence of col-
oration : as, to secure perfect achromatism in a
telescope.
achromatization (a-kr6"ma-ti-za'shon),
prism, like those of stibnite an acicular bUl,
which contain CO per cent, or more of silica.
;
Acidic (or acid) rock, a crystalline rock which contains a
as that of a humming-bird. Other forms are relatively large amount of silica, through the presence of
aciculate, aciCKhited. aciculiform, and aciculine.
an acidic feldspar, and sometimes also of free quartz, as a
n. The prominent constituent. For example, trachyte is an acid
The silver salt crystallizes from its aqueous solution in
small acicular prisms. or acidic rock basalt, a basic rock. ;

act of achromatizing or depriving of color. Also

acidiferous (as-i-dif'e-rus), a.
E. Frankland, Exper. in Chem.,
p. 30. [< NL. acidum,
spelled achromatisation.
acnromatize (a-kro'ma-tiz), v. t. pret. and pp. Acicular Wsmuth. See nikinite. acid, +
L./f n-e =E. ftforl, -ous.] Bearing, pro- +
;
(a-sik'u-lar-li), adv. In an acicu- ducing, or containing acids, or an acid
achromatized, ppr. achromatizing, [(.achromat- acicularly Aci-
lar manner; in the manner of needles or diferous mineral, a mineral which consists of an earth
ic, as if < Gr. u- priv. +
;i;p(j//ar/Cf', to color, < combined with an acid, as calcium carbonate, aluminite,
,fp(j/za(r-), color.] To render achromatic ; de- prickles. etc.
prive of color, or of the power of transmitting aciculate, aciculated
(a-sik'u-lat, -la-ted), p. a.
< 'L. acicula: see acicida.] acidifiable
(a-sid'i-fi-a-bl), a. [(. acidify +
colored light. Also spelled achromatise. [< NL. aciciilatiis,
-able; =
F. acidifiable.] Capable of being acidi-
Needle-shaped ; acicular ; aciculiform. fied, or of being converted into an acid.
For two kinds of light a Uint-glass prism may be achro-
ntatised by a second prism of crown-glass. aciculi, . Plirral of aciculus. acidific (as-i-dif'ik), h. Producing acidity or
A. Danietl, Prin. of Physics, p. 480. aciculid (a-sik'u-lid), n. gastropod of the A
an acid acidifying. Said of the element (oxygen, ;

achromatopsia (a-kro-ma-top'si-a), n. [<Gr. family

Aciculida;. sulphur, etc.) wliich in a ternary compound is considered
Acicuiidae (as-i-kii'U-de), n. pi. [NL., < Acicula, as uniting the basic and acidic elements. Thus, in cal-
a- priv. +
,t7ju/ia(r-), color, +
iific, sight, < oi/',
-'uhe. ] +
family of A
operctdate pulmonif- cium silicate, calcium is called the basic, silicon the acidic,
the eye, face : see optic] Color-blindness, or q. V.
,
and oxygen the acidinc element. Dana.
inability to see or distinguish colors. .Also
erous mollusks, represented by the Em'opean (a-sid "i-fi-ka'shon), n. [< acidify;
acidification
genus Acicula (which see) and the West Indian = =
called acritochromacij.
Geomelania. Tliey have very small turreted shells with
F. aeiditicatioH =
Sp. acidificacion 'Pg. aci-
achromatopsy (a-kr6'ma-toi)-si), n. Same as few whorls and a thin operculum, the outer lip plain or dificagao.i The act or process of acidifjdng, or
achroiiiiitdpsia. produced iuto a tongue, and the eyes on the back of the of changing into an acid.
achromatosis (a-kro-ma-to'sis), . [NL., <Gr. head. Acidification ... is intended to break up, corrode, or
axp<jpaTO(;, without color, + -osis.] A name aciculiform (a-sik'ii-li-foi-m), a. [< L. acicula, carbonize the albuminiferous matters.
applied to diseases characterized by a lack of needle, + -formis, < forma, form.] Same as ir. L. Carpenter, Soap, etc., p. 264.

pigment in integumental structures, as albi- acicular. acidifier (a-sid'i-fi-er), i. One who or that
nism, vitiligo, or canities. aciculine (a-sik'u-lin), a. [< NL. aciculinns, which acidifies ; specifically, in chem., that which
achromatOUS (a-kro'ma-tus), a. [< Gr. axpup-a- < L. acicula : see acicula.] Same as acicular. has the property of imparting an acid quality.
Tof, without color: see acliromatic.'] Without aciculum (a-sik'ij-lmn), .; pi. acicula (-lii). acidify (a-sid'i-fi), r. pret. and pp. acidijied,
;

color ; of a lighter color than normal as, ach ro- [NL., a neut. form to acicula, q. v.] In zool.,
:
p-pr. acidifying. [< acid + -fy ; =F . acidifier =
matou-s spots. one of the slender sharp stylets which are em- 'Pg. acidificar.] I. trans. To make acid; con-
 .

acidify 48 Acipenser
vert into an acid ; render sour ; sour, literally or aciform (as'i-form), a. [<L. acus, a needle, + Acinetina (as"i-ne-ti'na), n. pi.
[NL., < Aci-
figuratively. forma, shape.] Shaped like a needle. neta +
-ilia.] A
group" of infusorians with a
Such are the plaints of Louvet, his thin existence all aciliate, aciliated (a-sU'i-at, -a-ted), a. [< Gr. a- single aperture, and elongate, non-vibratile
acidified witli rage and prelematural insight of suspicion. priv. (,-!*)
Carlyle,
ciUatfd : see cilia.] Not eUiated;
French Kev., III. iii. 161.
+ cUia, originaUy establislied by Ehrenberg in
haxlug no cilia. 1838 as a di\-isiou of his Polygastrica : equiva-
II. intrans. To become acid or sour. Acilius (a-sU'i-us), n. [NL., < L. Acilius, a Ro- lent to Acinetw (which see).
acidiineter (as-i-dim'e-ter), It. {='Pg. acidime- man name.] A genus of water-beetles of the acini, . Plural of acinu.'i.
+
tro, < NL. acidiim, acid, Gr. ui-rpoi', a measure.]
family Di/tiscida; containing species of mod- aciniiorm (as'i-ni-form), a. [< NL. aciniformi^,
An instrumeut for determining the purity or erate size, with ciliated hind tarsi and round <L. acinus, grape (see acinu.-!), -i- -formis,< far-
strength of acids. See acidimetri/. tarsal disks in the male. a. .^ulcatzts is a Eiuopean ma, shape.] 1. Having the form of grapes, or
acidimetrical (as'i-di-met'ri-kal), a. Of or per- species. A. /ratcmu.'; is a common New England insect,
tauiing to acidimetry. about f of an inch long, having the black portions of the
being in clusters like grapes; acinose. 2. In
anat., of a deep purplish tint; resembling a
The acidiiiietrical process is in every way similar to el.vtra closely punctured upon a yellow surface.
grape in color: applied to one of the pigmen-
that practised in alkalimetry. Ure, Diet., I. 19. acinaceOUS (as-i-na'shius), a. [<L. acinus, a tary layers of the iris, technically called the
acidimetry (as-i-dim'e-tri), n. [='Pg. acidime- berry, esp. a grape, a grape-stone or kernel, + tunica aeiniformis. See uvea.
tria ; as acidimeter -y.} The act or process + -aceous.] Consisting of or full of kernels.
acinose (as'i-uos), a. [< L. acinosus, like grapes,
of measuring the strength of acids. Specifically, acinaces (a-sin'a-sez), ;. [L., <Gr. aK(i>aw/f, a < acinus, a grape.] 1. Resembling a grape or a
the process of estimating the amount of acid in a liquid by short, straight sword, < Pers. dhenek ("dhanak),
finding exactly how much of a standard alkaline solution
bmich of grapes ; consisting of granular con-
isrequired to neutralize a measured quantity of the given
a short sword, < dhen, dhaii, a sword, lit. iron,
+dim. tenn. -el; -al; now applied only to ra-
cretions.
2. Specifically, ina<., consisting of
solution. acini. Applied U> glands in which the duct enlarges at
acidity acidite=:lt. acidita,
(a-sid'i-ti), 11. [=F. tional objects {-che to iiTational objects).] A the distitictly glandular portion into a little spherical
< L. acidita{t-)s, sourness, < acidus, som-: see short, straight dagger, peculiar to the Medes vesicle (acinus), or into a little saccule nobulus), beset

acid.'} The quality of being acid or sour; sour- and Persians, it seems to have been worn on the right with small, round epithelial cysts (acini), or in which
side, but jjerhaps only when a lunger weapon was worn on the duct branches and ends in more or less numerous
ness tartness sharpness to the taste.
: ;
the left. Modern xmters have recognized the acinaces in lobuli, formed of acini. Acinone glands are distinguished
acid-magenta (as'id-ma-jen'tji), n. coal-tar A friMu tubular fflands.
a dagger shown in sculptures at Persepolis, also in the
color, a green metallic-looking powder giving acinous (as'i-nus), a. Same as acinose.
dagger of the Mithra sacrificial gri>ups.
a red color when dissolved in water. It is a mix- acinacifolious (a-sin'a-si-fo'U-us), a. [<L. acinus (as'i-nus), H. pi. acini (-ni). [L., a ;

ture of the mono- and disulphonic acids of rosanilin. Also
called magenta S. and rubiiie S. Used for dyeing and for
coloring wines. Beiiedikt and Knecht, Chem. of Coal-tar
Colors, p. 96.
acidness (as'id-nes), n. Sourness; acidity.
acinaces, a sliort sword, -f- folium, leaf.] Having berry, esp. a grape, also a grape-stone, kernel.]
acinaciform leaves. N. E. D. 1. Ill bot.: (a) One of the small drupelets or
acinaciform (a-sin'a-si-form), a. [i'L. acinaces, ben-ies of an aggregate baccate fruit, as the
a short, straight sword, taken to mean a blackbeiTV, etc., or the contained stone or seed.

acidometer (as-i-dom'e-ter), n. Cf. acidimc- simitar, + -foniiis, < forma, See cut xmder Eubiis. (6) grape-stone. A
U / A form of hydrometer used to measiu'e
.
shape.] In io/., resembling 2. In anat. (a) Formerly, the smallest lobule :
J

thf strength of an acid. a sunitar in shape: as, an of a gland. ( b) Now, genera Ih', the smallest sac -
acid-pump (as'id-pumpO, . glass pump used A acinaciform, leaf, one which cular subdix-ision of an acinose gland, several
Acioaciforai Leaf.
for drawing corrosive liqtiids from carboys and has one edge convex and of xvhich subdivisions make up a lobule. Also
other vessels, it has valves and joints, and is converti- thin, the other straighter and thick, as in species called alreolus. (e) lobiUe of the liver. A
ble into a siphon. K vacuum is created in it by means of ot Mcscmbri/anthemum ; an acinaciform pod, as -acious. [<L. -dci- (nom. -flj-, ace. -deem, > It.
an elastic rul<ber huUi, which controls its action wittiuut of some beans. -ace, Sp. Pg. -oc, F. -aee), a siifli.x added to verb-
coming into contact with the acid. stems to form adjectix-es expressuig intensity
acinarious (as-i-na'ri-us), a. [(.Jj. acinarius,
acidnlse (a-sid'u-le), n. J)/. [L., fern. pi. (so. pertaining to the grape, < acinus, the grape see of physical or mental action, as aud-a.r, daring,
<iqua; waters) of acidulus : see acidulous.']
acinus.'] A
In &o^, cox'ered with little spherical eaji-ax, holding much, fall-ax, deceitful, loqu-
:

name formerly given to springs of cold mineral stalked vesicles resembling grape-seeds, as in lu; talking much, jnign-ojr, inclined to light,
waters, from their sharp and pungent taste.
X. E. I).
some algiE. etc.. + E. -ous. Cf. -de;i, 3.] compound ad- A
acinesia (as-i-ne'sia), ji. Same as akinesia. jective termination of Latin origin, forming,
acidulate (a-sld'a-lat), v. t.;x>ret. and pp. Acineta (as-i-ne'ta), n. [NL., <Gr. aKivj/ror, from Latin verb-stems, adjectives expressing
aciihiliihd, ppr. aciilulatinf/. [<L. as if "acidu- motionless, < a- priv. + Kiveir, mox'e.]
lalii.^, pp. of "acidularc, < acidulus,
1. intensity of physical or mental action, as in au-
somewhat genus of noble epiphj'tal orchids, from Central dacious, daring, X'ery bold, capacious, holding
A
sour: see acidulous.'] 1. To tincture with ati
acid; render somewhat acid or sourish.
America, much prized as hothouse plants. 2. much, fallacious, deceitful, loquacious, tallcing
This latter flask is filled partly with mercury, and partly
A
genus of suctorial infusorial protozoans. See much, pu!)niieiou.i, inclined to fight, mendacious,
Acinetai and Acinctina. Ehrenbcrtj. ready at Ijing, ricacious, x-ery lively, roraciotts,
with water acidulated with a tenth ])art of sulphuric acid.
Science, III. 200. Acilietae(as-i-ne'te), H.J)?. [NL. ?.cc Acineta.] eating much, etc. Such adjectives are accom- :

2. Figuratively, to sour, as the mind embit-

An order of the class Jnfusoria (the Infusoria panied by nouns in -aci-tif, and the nouns rarely
;

ter make cross or captious. tcntaculifcru or suctoria), the adult members of by x-erbs in -aci-t-atc: as, cai)acious, capacity,
;

Persons were especially liable to diabolical posses-

xvhieh have no ciUa and no proper mouth, and eiijiiieitiite, etc.
. . .

sion when their f.acul ties were impaired by disease and their are non-locomotix'c. The body, which is fixed and Acipenser (as-i-pen'sf-r), . [L., also spelled
tempers aciWi//rt^'(i by suffering. /,t'cA7/, nationalism, 1. 106. stalked, is provided with radiating retractile suctorial aquipensi r and acipcnsis (>Gr. aKKi->/aio(), tho
acidulcist (as-i-dul'sis), a. [Contr. of NL. *</- sturgeon; perhaps < 'aci- (=Gr. ukI%), swift,
(li'liilri.t, < L. acidus, sour, acid, dulcis, sweet: + + a form oipenna (OL. pesna), a xviug, same as
sfc ilidi'i:.'] Both sour and sweet. pinna, a xx'ing, a fin. Cf. aeeipiter ami tlu' ety-
acidulent (a-sid'ii-lent), a. [< F. acidulant, ppr. molog.v there suggested.] Tlio typical genus
of acidulcr, sour slightly,. < acidulc, slightly sour, of tho faiuily Acipcnscrida; iucluiling all tho
<Li. acidulus: see acidulous.'] Somewhat acid
or sour; tart; hence, peevish: as, "au.\ious
ariihihnt face," Carlylc, French Rev., I. i. 4.
acidulous (a-.'iid'ii-lus), a. [< L. acidulus, sliglitl.v processes, or tuluilar tentacles, having at their extremi-
sour, iliia. of V/.?, sour: Hi-etiriiL] 1. Sliglit-
ly sour; subacid, as cream of tartar, oniiigos,
cooseberries, etc. 2. Figuratively, sour in
locling or expression ; sharp ; caustic ; haisli.

ties a knob or disk-like sucker, through which nutiieut
nuitter is imbibed.
Tho Acinetip multiply by several methods. One of
these . c<uisists in tlie development of ciliated embryos
. .
^
j4cu/u/ou enough to iiroduceeirerv('s(x-nce with alkalies, in tho interi<)r of the body. These embryos result from
a separation of a portion of the endoplast. aiul Its con-
0. ir, liolincn, Autocrat, ix.
version into ft globular or oval germ, which in somo
It U
lieautllul, therefore, ... to find a woman, (Jeorgc
species is wholly covered with vilu-alile cilia, while In
Eliot, dcitartlng utterly out of that mood ot hale or even
ol aeidutouM aattru In which Thackeray so often workcil.
others the cilia arc confined to a zone around the middle
of the embryo. The gi-rm nnikes its eHcai)e by bursting
>/ h
A'. Lanier, The Eng. Novel, p. 207. through the body-wall of Its parent. After a snort exist-
acid-yellow (as'lil-yd'o), . coal-tar color, A ence (sometimes lindted to a few niinntes) In the condillon
of a free-switnmtng aninmlciilc, iirovided \vlth an endo-
Skull of ShirRCon {Aciprnxfr^, ion nml side views.
Alx>ve, the cnrllln^inniis crjiiiiiin). sh^idcd. Is mii>]>osc<1 to be seen
conHiHtiiig of tlio sodium salts of the .sulphonio ttirough tlic unsh.idcd ciani.il Ikiiics.
plaJ4t and a contractile vacuole, but dev<dil of a mouth,
iicid.s of aniido-azobcnzeno or aniliiio yellow. Upper fi(riire a, rlilt;e fomietl by spinous processes of vcrtcbne;
the cbaraiiterlstlc knobbed radi:iting processes make their :

It la a yillow powder, eaully wduble In water, and Is used t>, t*. Inlcrai wlni^-llke processes; c, rostriini Au, site of niiditory
;
appearance, the cilia vanish, anil the uiiinial paxKi-s Into orK'iin; A'.?, of na^nl sac; Or. of orbft. The ineiiibranclK>ncsof the
for '). i',.' i.liv, -- vreen, and browii. Also soine- the .icim'la state. Huxlcii, Anat. Invert., p. 91. iipprr surface ure: A, nimlo^iie of snpr.ioccipitttl B, /', of the epi-
;
'I" H'-neJiXt ami Kiiectil, Clieni. of "til s; /. i.f ethmoid; (-'. (.'. of the iii.stfronlnls; //, //. of the pre-

acinetan (as-i-no'tan), n. One of tho Acineta-; (tiitit.ils; I <-. r,f the pnrictaK: /'. /^ arc the fioiHiils and /", /^ the
.

-Hii.iiii.is.ils A', anterior (leniialsriitr /, /, /,, /, tlennnlovslficationii

jLCiezn-uLi [< F. aciiragc, < arirr a Huetorial tentaculifcrous infusorian.
; ;

M.imri tlinf the pcctorni nrch with the i;kull. Lower fi^"": d, ros-
= = Hp.
^

I'r. (ii<r aero, ifc\, <ML. aciarr, ai Acinetidse (as-i-n.t 'l-de). It. )il. [NL., < .tcinetn tnini; A. nnwil chamber; f, auditory rctllun rf, coalesced niilerior
:

anum. f.r 1. / r,. ^,_ Hword-erlgc] Tlji-

,.,|jjp^ + -('/".] A furuily I'oiiKlituting tliii order .(ci-
vi^rtcbr.i-; *-, t\\i%;
/^ g. It, sii^pensoriuiii ; k, palnto-iiiaxillary oppnra<
tin; ./, iiidttdlhlc; Or, orbfL
pr. II. biyerof iron on nnollicr nelir, The leading genus is Acinctn.
ni" I IretricHl UCtiotl. .Hlirco- acinetiform (as-i-nol'i-fonn), a. and i. [< NL. ordinary sturgpoiis (and with tho shovol-nosed
ITI. 1 ,11.tn-nU'd 111
., tblH way. .hint /(I + ],, -formis, < forma, shaiio.] I, a. HtnrKoons, Sraphirhipx'hops^ tho only other f?o-
lllu-
t Injury to tbi-li iir-
Having the form of Acinetw; reKomblingan nei- niiH, cniiiiioHiiif,' tho fjiinily), ciuiniclcri/t'd by
liUli .'1 with Iron they iit<'
Hid !
iiitan in form. tlio iUitlfiivd tuin'rin[.c Htiout, a spinirh> ovrr

ftcleratc ,.i, To convert into Btccl. Ilalblani njuerts (hat the rrrini'f^A'rni cmhryoN lib-
oarh oyo, iin<I 5 diHtinct rows of bony phitos.
. . .

iMTvi'd not only In rnraninM-liim, but In . . many other Till! ooniinoii Mluivcnn, A. nturin, \n fdiiml bnlh in lOnnipu
acieratioii Mi-.m), n. t<F.<;<iVr, Mecl, .

luiil Nnrlh AiniTlni; It HnincllinrR iitlfiiiiM u IiiikMi nf 18

+ -/if(-i.J (:.,i,v. r,i.,ii intoKt/'ol: a v.-ord oc- cllliiti'd InfiiNorla, ara not enibryos at nil, but pnranllle
Aelmlir. Iluxlcji, Anat, Invert., p iihi,
fi'i't. Tin- KTi't'U HtiirKt'on 4)f thf l*(i(lll<* nnHt Ix A. mnii-
oanlonidly imed by wni.rn on the melalbirifvof roAlrh. Thr Kiii'<i])i>ai) Htt'ili't Is ,|. riiffintUM. The Invest
iron -:'. II. n. An
infusorian nniinnlrule rosemlding kiiiiwn MpfclcH Ih t.h HiiHtitnii ttii-L't'ini. (he Iiicliijffi. huso,
^^ ''
Ml tliiK' tlmn nod brpok-
to
nil whethiT iin cMibiyonic Htaifo of
ni'liii'liiii, r ImiiH.-n, A. /iumo, nniiictlMifH aftjiininu a Iciiuth "f '2U
frrt Hiii| a wcluht <if .'HK)0 ihhiiiiIh. .1. iiuhhuxtmUi iH a
IfW
'I
whill d. plh Iho nrierallm doino riliiiti. infiiHorlnii or n member of tho
luuprwced.
.
fniirlli I'xainplr, known lui tliu imHctur. Ainu often HpclloU
L Jiw,,!-.. BrU., .Mil. 342. ordiT Acineta:. Also written acincta-form. AodpnxMrr.
 ;; , ;

Acipenseres 49 Acochlides
Acipenseres (as-i-pen'se-rez), n.pl. [NL., pi. .So great a soldier as the old French Marshal Montluc Aclinic line, the name given by Professor August to an
Ill' .Icijn ii.si'i:] All ordinal teiin suggested by acknowledges that he has often trembled with fear, and irregular curve located upon the surface of the earth in the
recovered courage when he had said a prayer for the occa- neighborhood of the equator, where tin- magnetic needle
Bona.] la lie, 1837, as a substitute for Hturionesov sion. Emerson, Courage. balances itself horizontally, having no dip. It has beeti
(hoinlriixtfi (which see).
3. To own the genuineness of own as binding ;
also termctl the magnetic equator.
acipenserid (as-i-pen'se-rid), n. One of the or of legal force as, to acknowledge a deed.
: aclis (ak'lis), .; pi. cHffc' (-li-dez). [<L.acK.s,
Ai-ijiriiseridic ; a sturgeon. 4. To admit or certify the receipt of give infor- also aelys, a small javelin, said to be a corrup-
;

Acipenseridae (as"i-pen-ser'i-Je), n. pi. [NL., mation of the arrival of as, to acknowledge a let- tion of Gr. ayxv/liV, a hook, barb, taken in the
(.^Ivipnixci- + -idce.J The sturgeons, a family of tor or a remittance
:

To acknowledge a deed (or sense of ciyKvXr/, a bend, twist, thong of a jave-

c'houdrosteous ganoid fishes, sometimes includ- other instrument), in lair, to avow before a pinpi-r ullircror lin, the javelin itself, fern, of ayKvXo^, crooked,
ing only tlie genus Aripcuscr, sometimes also courl th:il has cxcrutcd it, for the pnijtnsr ,.l lia\irig a bent, =
L. angulus, angle: see angle^.] 1. In
the genus Scapliirlnpicliiips. ccrtilirutr tbi-icof appended which will qoahly the instru-
The body is elongate liom. antiq., a hea-vy missile weapon an aclide.
ment to l)e adiiutted in evidence or to record, or both,
subcyliudrii.-, witli 5 rovvs of bony bucklers
produced, siitispatulate or conical, with the mouth on
; the snout is
its
without further proof of genuineness. As often used, the
2. [cap.] [NL.] The representative genus
;

lowersurface, small, transverse, protractile, and toothless
there are 4 barbels in a transverse series on the lower side
of the snout the ventral (ins have a single series of fulcra
;
word implies not only the avowal of the party, but also of the family Aclidec (which see). Lovin, 1846.
the procuring of the olhcial certifieate. Tims a deed is sairl
to have been acknowledged when it actually bears the cer-
aclys (ak'lis), n. Same as aclis, 1.
tificate. = Sjm. Arkimii-lcdgc, Ailiiiil. Ciiii/i's^, Oini, Acuii; Acmaea (ak-mo'a), re. [NL., < Gr. aniiaioc, at the

in front, and the dorsal and anal fins approximate to the

ciiudal, which is heterocercal. See Acipenser. gratit, concede, allow, assent to, profess, take cognizance height or prime, in full bloom, vigorous, <aK/jf/,
of. To acknowledge is to state one's knowled^ic of it may a point, the highest point: see acme] A genus
Acipenserinae (tis-l-pen-se-ri'ne), n. pi. [Nli., < have a personal object; as, he ackntucU-rlgrt/ her as his
;

Acipviisrr + -iuw.l A subfamily of Acipenscrl- wife as applied to acts, it often implies confession under
of limpets, of the family ratellidcc, or giving
Admit has a similar reference to so- name to a family Acmwidce. A. testudinalis is the
;

dw, tyjiified by the genus Acipenser. By oMer extern.al pressure.

ichthyologists it was made coequal with the family. licited or forced .assent as,he admitted the charge he
: ;
common limpet of the northern coast of the United States,
Lately it has been restricted to AcipenseridiB with spira- admitted that his opponent was a good man. Con.fcin of large sizeami variegated color, being usually mottled
cles, subconic snout, and thick tail, and thus made to in- implies the admission of that which is not creditable, as with brown, green, and white. Eschscholtz, 1833.
clude only the true sturgeons. wrong conduct, and belongs ratlier to specified thing's or
particular transactions. He ackvrnct^dged the author-
acmaeid (ak-me'id), n. A limpet of the family
acipenserine (as-i-pen'se-rin(, n. One of the Acnurida;; a false limpet.
ship of the book he admitted the trutli cjf the pn.|i-il ion
;
AcipcnscriiKi: ;

Acmseidae (ak-me'i-de), re. pi. [NL., < Aemwa

he confessed that he was guilty of the tlieft. ('unless is
acipenseroid (as-i-pen'se-roid), (I. and ii. I. a. the strongest of these words, being applied to actions of + -idw.] A
family of false or single-gilled
Having tlio characters o'i the Acijiensirida: more moment than acknowledge, ad^nit, or oivn. To own limpets, or zygobranchiato gastropods having
II. . A
fish of the family Acipensvridce; an is a less formal act there is a tendency, on account of its
;

brevity, to apply the word to anything that a man takes

a single cervical gill. Leading genera are ..4c-
acipensoi'id. home to himself. To avow is a bolder act, generally per- m((a, Loltia, and Scurria. -
Acipenseroidse (as-i-pen-se-roi'de), n.pl. [NL.] formed in spite of adverse influences, and does not ne- Acmseodera (ak-mf-od'e-rii),
n. [;NL., < Gr.
Same as Acipcnseridce. cessarily imply thiit the action or sentiment avowed is iiKfiaioc,at the height or prime, in full bloom,
blameworthy. To acknowledge an error, admit a fact, con-
Acipenseroidei (as-i-pen-se-roi'de-i), H. pi. fess a fault, own one's folly, avoiv a belief
vigorous (<.aKfir/, a point: see acme), (?) Sspor +
[< Acipenser + -oid-ei.'\ A
name used by some You must not only acknowledge to God that you are a skin; allusion not clear.] A
genus of buprestid
ichthyologists as a subordinal name in place sinner, but must particularly enumerate the kinds of siii beetles related to Agrilus, but less elongate
of Chondrostei. whereof you know yourself guilty. Wake. and with an indistinct scutellum. a. culta, a com-
aciurgyt (as'i-er-ji), . [< Gr. (imr, a point, + I admit, however, the necessity of giving a bounty to mon species of eastern North America, is \ of au inch long,
-ovpyia (K-o-spyia), in comp., working, < kpyt:iv=z genius and learning. Macaulay, Speech on Copyright. black, with yellow spots on the elytra.

E. work : see demiurgy and surgery.'] Operative Quotation confesses inferiority. acme (ak'me), n. [< Gr. oKfifi, edge, point, tho
Emerson, Letters and Social Aims. highest point, the prime, crisis akin to Imii,
surgery. ;

Owning her weakness and evil behaviour. point, d/c/f, point, L. acus, needle, acer, sharp,
acker^t, n. An obsolete form of acre (Middle Hood, Bridt^e of Sighs.
English nker, etc.). etc.: see acid.] 1. The top or highest point
The tempest of passion with which he lllthelhi] conunits
acker- (ak'er), n. [E. dial. (Se. aiker in sense his crimes, and the haughty fearlessness with whicli he the furthest point attained ; the utmost reach.
2), <ME. aker, flood-tide, a bore, an eager;
avows them, give an extraordinary interest to his character. For beauty's acme hath a term as bi'ief
Macaulay, MachiaveUi. As the wave's poise before it break in pearls.
prob. a var. of eager^, q. v.] If. Flood-tide; a
bore ; an eager. ackncwledgement, . See acknoidedgment. Loivelt, Cathedral.

acknowledger (ak-nol'e-jer), n. One who ac- The independence of the individual, the power to stand
Akiir Ivar. aker] of the see flowyng, impetits vuin^.
knowlcMl},'es. alone as regards men and the gods, is the acme of stoical
Prmnpt. Paw. attainment. G. P. Fisher, Begin, of Christianity, p. 178.
acknowledgment (ak-nol'ej-ment), n. 1. An
2. A ripple or fui'row on the surface of water. atbuissiou or profession of Imowledge or appre- 2. The maturity or perfection of an animal.
[Prov. Eng. and Scotch.] hension a recognition of the existence or truth 3. In med. {a) The height or crisis of a disease,
;
:

acketont, . See acton. of anything: as, the acknowledgment of a sov- (i) Another, and probably the correct, form
ackman (ak'man), n. ; pi. acTcmen (-men). [< ereign power, or of a debt. of acne.
4. [cajh] In zool., a genus of land-
ack-, of unknown origin, -t- man.'] sailors' A Immediately upon the acknowledgment of the Christian shells. Hartmann, 1821.
name for a fresh-water thief, or one who steals faith, the eunuch was baptized by Philip. Hooker. acmite, akmite (ak'mit), n. [< Gr. ax/";, a
on navigable rivers. Also called ack-pirate. 2. An expression or manifestation of percep- point, -t- -He".] mineral of a brownish-black A
tSailurif' Word-hook. tion or appreciation; recognition, avowal, or or reddish-brown color, isomorphous with au-
acknowt (ak-no'), V. t. [<ME. aknowen, know, confession: as, an acknowledgment ot kindness gite, consisting of bisilicate of iron, sesquioxid
acknowledge, < AS. oiicndwan, perceive, know, or of one's wrong-doing. of iron, soda, and alumina: so called from the
< on- for and- (= Gr. avri, against, back, = Goth. With this acknowledgment form of its crystals. It is found in Norway, and
anda-), + cndwan, know see a-5 and knoic] To
: That God fought for us. Shak., Hen. V., iv. 8. also in Transylvania. Also spelled achynite.
recognize ; acknowledge confess. ; 3. Something given or done in retiu-n for a acne (ak'ne), re. [NL., prob. orig. a misprint
You will not be acknown, sir, why, 'tis wise :
favor. Smollett.
4. In laio : (a) The certificate (being a book-word) for acme, < Gr. qku?/, a
Thus do all gamesters at all games dissemble. of a public officer that an instrument was point: see acme.] An eruption occurring most
B. Jonaon, Volpoue, v. 6. acknowledged before him by the person who frequently on the face, and on the shoulders
acknowledge pret. and pp. ac-
(ak-nol'ej), v. executed it. (b) Tlie act of so acknowledging and chest, about the period of puberty, it is a
knniticdiird, ]ipr. acknowledging.
t. ;

[< ME. A:ci!-

execution.
5. In com., a receipt. follicular or perifollicular inflammation of the sebaceous
glands, resulting in the formation of comedo-bearing pap-
Icclicn, kniHtlcclii n, cnairlcrlun, acknowledge, < Also spelled acknowledgement. ules, which often pass into pustules. The so-called acne
knowUchr, cnawkche, knowledge: see
knonlcclie, Acknowledgment money, in England, money paid ac- rosacea is a hyperemia of the face combined with more or
cording to the customs of some manors by copyhold ten- less acne.
knowledge. The
prefix ac-, for a-, is due to the ants on the death of the lord of the manor. =Syn. 1. -Ad-
frequent ME. verb aktiowen: see acknow.] 1. mission, recognition, acceptance, indorsement, thanks. acnestis (ak-nes'tis), n. ; pi. acnestides (-ti-dez).
To admit or profess a knowledge of avow to ack-pirate (ak'pi-rat), n. [< ack-, of unkno'wn [NL., < Gr. oKVTiBTic, the spine or backbone of
be within one's knowledge or apprehension
;

origin, -i- 2>irate.] Same as ackman. quadrupeds, < a- priv. kvtiotoc, scratched, < +
own to be real or true ; recognize the exist- aclastic (a-klas'tik), a. [< Gr. a/c/lacTOf, un-
Kvaeiv, scratch, scrape.] That part of the spine
ence, truth, or fact of: as, to acl-iioirli-iUjr (Jod, broken (< a- priv. Klaarog, verbal adj. of in quadrupeds
+ which extends from between the
or the existence of or belief in a God to dcknuir- K?^aciv, break), 4- -ic] lanat.phUos., notrefi-act-
shoulder-blades to the loins, and which the ani-
;

ledge the rights of a claimant. ing: applied to substances which do not refract mal cannot reach to scratch.
He that aeknowledgeth the Son hath the Father also. the rays of light passing through them. N. E. D. acnodal (ak-no'dal), a. Of or pertaining to an
acnode. Salmon.
1 John ii. 23. acleidian (a-kli'di-an), a. See aclidian.
The Romans that erected a temple to Fortune, acknow- aclid (ak'lid), n. A gastropod of the family acnode (ak'nod), n.
[IiTeg. < L. acus, a needle,
In math., a double point
-t- nodus, a node.]
ledged therein, though in a blinder way, somewhat of di- Aclida:
vinity. Sir T. Browne, Keligio Medici, i. 18. belonging to a curve, but
Aclidae; Aclididse (ak'li-de, ak-lid'1-de), re. jil.
The influence attributed to Cecrops indicates that
. [N'L., <Aclis {Aclid-}
. .
-idee : see aclis, 2.] +
separated from other real A
Athens was acknowledged as the head of this confederacy. points of the curve.
family of ptenoglossate peetinibranchiate gas-
Thirlwalt, Hist. Greece, xi.
tropods typified by the genus Aclis, with a much- Acocephalus (ak-o-sef'a-
2_. 'To express or manifest perception or appre- curved minute odontophore, densely hh'snte, lus), . [NL., < L. aciis,
ciation of; give evidence of recognizing or with simple micinate teeth and a rimate tur- needle, -l-Gr. /ic^aA?/, head.]
realizing as, to acknowledge an acquaintance reted shell. Two genera, Aclis and HemiacUs,
:
genus of homopterous A
by bowing; to acknowledge a favor or one's are represented by four species in Norway. hemipterous insects, of
faults. the family .JassidcB or Tet-
aclide (ak'lid), n. [< L. aclis (aclid-), also
tigonidce, ha^Tng a boat-
I acknowledged my sin unto thee. ... I said, I will sppUcil aclys : see aclis.] Same as aclis, 1.
confess my transgressions. Ps. xxxii. 5. aclides, . Plural of aclis. shaped form, a coarse sttr-
They his gifts ackiwwledged none. acnode. facc, shovel-shapsd Vertex
aclidian (a-kli'di-an), a. [< Gr. a- priv. -t- K'ki:i(: Acnodai Cubic.
.-!,

Milton, P. L., xi. 612.

These were written with such submissions and profos-
.sions of his patronage, as I had never seen any more ac-
kiiowkilgmg. Evelyn, Diary, Aug. 18, 1673.
With what queenly dignity ... did the great Zenobia aclinic (a-klin'ik), a.
acknowledge the greetings of her people
!
(K\ctS-), a key, the'ela-vicle.] In zoiil., deficient with a thick, smooth mar-
gin, and thick wing-covers with strong veins.
in or characterized by the absence of cla'vieles.
.1. nervosns is a pale-yellowish species, \ of .an inch long,
Also spelled acleidian. freckled with brown, and with angular whitish lines, in-
[<Gr. oKXivt/r, not bend- batiiting Europe and North America.
ing to either side, < o- priv. nAiveiv, incline, Acochlides (a-kok'li-dez), re. pi. + [NL. (P.
=

W. Ware, Zenobia, I. 87. lean, E. lean^.] Ha'viug no inclination. acochlides), < Gr. a- priv. -I- Kox^ii (kox^i^-), dim.
 ' : ;;

AcocUldes 50 acontium
of K<5^>o<:, a shell-fish with a spiral shell, the acoUe, p. aconitate (a-kon'i-tat), H. l< aconite + -ate'i.}
a. See accoUe.
shell itself; akin to /cojot, a shell: see conch.} acology (a-kol'o-ji), 71. [< Gr. dicof, remedy, + A salt formed by the union of aeonitie acid
In Latreille's system of classification, 1825, a -'/Mjia, < '/.iyciv, speak see -oloijij.'] The doctrine with a base. :

family of acetabuliferous cephalopods, \vithout of remedies, smgical and medical. aconite (ak'o-nit), ?i. [ = F. ofOHf? = Sp. Pg.
a slieil. It included most of the octopods. Acololthus (ak-o-loi'thus), n. [NL., prop, aco- It. aconito, < L. aconitum : see Aconitum.] The
acock (a-kok'), prep, pin: as adv. or a. l<a\ hdlius, < Gr. ctKd/.ovdoc, a follower: see acolyth, plant wolf 's-bane or mouk's-hood, Aconitum Xa-
on. + foct2.] In a cocked manner: as, he set acolyte.'} A genus of moths belonging to the pellus. It is used in medicine, especially in cases of

famUy Zijga'mda-, founded by Clemens in 1862. fever ami neuralgia. See Aconitum. yepAl aconite con-
his hat acocl:
sists of the roots of .4 fcrox and probably other species indi- .

a-COCkbill (a-kok'bil), prep. plir. as adv. or a. genous ill the Himalayas it is also called I)ikh, hisli, and^i^A-. :

[< a3, on, + cock- (condition of being cocked or Winter acijitit' is araiiunculaceous plant, Kraiitlii.s hiema-
turned upward: see cocA-2) + bitP, point or end

A
a native of Italy, and one of the earliest siiring llowers. li^-.

see bilP, 5.] Xaut., with the ends pointing

ward. Applied (a) to an anchor when it haugs down by
up-

its ring from the catheail, and (6) to the yards of a sliip
when they are tipped up at an angle with the deck.
aconitia

^*^
(ak-o-nish'ia), n. [NL., < L. acotiitum.']
Same as (iconitin.
aconitic (ak-o-nit'ik), a. Of or pertaining to
aconite Aconitic acid, CgHsOb, a tribasic acid found
combined with lime in some species of the genus --Iconi-
tutit, and in a few other plants. It is also obtained by the
dry distillation of citric acid. Also called cquisetic acid.
See acliill.'ic acid, under achilleic.
J^C aconitin, aconitine (a-kon'i-tin), )(. l<aconite
a b + -ill-.] A highly poisonous narcotic alkaloid,
C3(jH47N07, obtained from the roots and leaves
Acoioitltus americanus.
a, lar^'3 ; b, pupa ',
c. cocoon ; d, moth ; e, moth with outstretched of several species of Aconitum. it forms white
wings. powdery grains, or a compact, vitreous, transparent mass
is bitter, acrid, and very soluble in alcohol. It is an im-
They are small and delicate and of somber colors. The portant remedy in neiu'algia. especially of the fifth cranial
larvie are somewhat hairy and feed gregariously, undergo- nerve. Also called aconitia and acmtitina.
ing transformation in some crevice, withiji tough oval co- Aconitum (ak-o-m'tum), n. [L. aconitum, a
coons. They have a habit of following one another in poisonous ijlaut, mouk's-hood, wolf's-bane, <
" Indian tile." A. americanus (now placed in Barrisina)
Gr. iiK6vi-rm>, also
destroys grape-leaves.
acolyth, + aKdmroc, a poi-
acolouthitet, [< Gr. aK6?.oveo^,
as acolyte.
-itc- : see (icoli/tc.'] Same sonous plant, of
uncertain etnn.
Man.of-war with Yards a-cockbill. acolyctin (ak-o-lik'tin), n. [<NL. Aco(nitum)
lyc{oc)t(o)uim), the plant from which it is de-
said by Plmy to
It was now the close of Lent, and on Good Friday she be so called be-
had all her yards a-cockbiil, which is customary ainont; rived (see Acnnitutn), + -in".] An alkaloid de- cause
Catholic vessels. It. H. Dana, Jr., Before the Mast, p. 147. rived from Aconitum lycoctonum, and identical
it gi-ew fi'

on
acocotl (ak'o-kot-1), n. fMex.] musical iu- with napellin.A ciKdnaii,
steep rocks (Gr.
shariJ,

strumcnt usedby the aborigines in Mexico: now acolyte (ak'o-Ut), n. [< ME. acolit, acolyt, < OF.
Pg. acohito = = oKovi/, a whet-
usually called clarin. it consists of a thin tube from acotiite=iSij'. acolito It. accolito,
stone, < v^ *ak, be
fc to 10 feet in len^fth, made of the drj' stalk of a plant of < ML. ac(>l)jtiix,acolitus, acoh/lhiis (>E. acolyth),
the same name. The performer inhales the air througll it. sharp, pierce).
acolutiis, prop. acoliithKS, an acolyte, < Gr. aK6-
fy. K. Hanrllmok, Mils. Inst., p. 69. This is improba-
?.ovdo(, a follower, an attendant, < li- copulative
AccBla (a-se'liU, . /</. [XL.: see acccloiis.} An -1- ble. The ftnm is
Ke?,n>8oc, a way, a journey, from the same root
order of worms destitute of an alimentary the same as the
KcTieadai, set in motion, urge on, and Kc'Aeveiv,
canal. The group consists of the family Convolutida, as neut. of Gr. aKAvi-
which is usually placed in the order Turbellaria. command.] 1. One who waits on a person;
T0(, without dust,
Acoelpmata [NL., < Gr. an attendant ; an assistant.
(as-e-lom'a-ta), n. pi.
+ < d- priv. +
kAvic,
"- priv. Koi'/M/ia, a hollow: sec caloma.'] A With such chiefs, and with James and John as acolytes.
dust, but there
division of Protocalomata, or sponges, contain- Motlei/.
seems to be no
ing the A.Kones: so called in allusion to its 2. In the Hom. Cath. Ch., one ordained to the connection be-
pores and the absence of ccelomata. fourth and highest of the minor orders, ranking tween the tv'o
acoelomate (a-se'lo-mat), a. Same as acalom- immediately below the subdeaeon. See orders. words.] A ge-
ntoKs. His office is to serve those of the superior ordei-s in the
ministry of the altar, light the candles, prepare tlie wine
nus of poisonous
accelomatOUS (as-e-lom'a-tus), a. [< Gr. o- priv. herbs, natural or-
+ Kw'/uiui, a hollow: see a-'S^ caloma, and
and water, etc. The name is now commonly extended to
the boys who exercise these offices without ordination. Aconite [A. Nafclltts). der llanuncula-
culomiilDus.} 1. In :ool., having no body-ca\nty , flower i>, same, calyx removed.
;

3. In astron., an attendant or aecompanj-ing cca; including 20

or perivisceral space ; not ecelomatous. star or other heavenly body a satellite. ; species, natives of the mountains of the north-
Although these actxtvmatoug worms have no body-cavity,
no blood, no vascular system, they" always have a kidney lint she (the niooiil is the earths nearest neighbor, and ern hemisphere. They have very irregular, showy
therefore eouspieuous her constant acol;/te, wliose obse- tlowei's, and are often fouiul in cultivation, as the common
system. Uatckel, Evol. of Man (trans.), II. 404. ;

quious and rajiid motions demand and compel attention. monk's-hood (.1. NajicUus) and wolf's-bane {A. htcucto.
2. Of or pertaining to the Actelonti ; cestoid. AVic Pniu-etoH liev., I. 47. nnm). The roots and leaves, chielly of .4. A'fl/'('//t/*', are
K'juivalent forms are acoelomate, accelomoKx. The bikh of Ncpftl, usetl
Sometimes wTitton acoUith, and formerly also used iiu-dicinally. .See act^niti'jl.
in poisniiiiig arrows and also as a source of aconitin, is
Accelomi (as-e-16'mi), ti.pl. [NL..<6r. (j-priv. acholithilc, acoli/lhc, acolyihist, acolothist. derived mainly from A. /erox.
+ Kiii'/Muit, a cavity.] Those worms which have
[< ML. acontia, . Plural of acontium.
no proper body-cavity and no intestinal ca\ity, acolytltiia,acolythe
acoljrth, (ak'o-lith, -nth), .
for (iculiilhua, the correct form of Acontias (a-kon'ti-as), . [L., < Gr. iimvria^, a
and which are also devoid of a blood-vascular iicdh/liis: see (()////(.]
See acolyte. iHiick-ilarting serjient, a meteor, ianuv, a jave-
system the cestoids or flat-worms, siicli as tajio-
acolythate (a-kor'i-tliat), . [< acolyth + -aii-K] lin, dart, < UK!/, a point.] The leading genus
;

worms. See cuts under Ccstoidea and Tania. Tlio slate, oltii-i.,
Tile name is nearly synoiiyinous with I'lat/ivlmiitthci, but
or orders of an acolyte. of the family Aeontiidtv (which see).
compreheiidii not only the actual or existing pliilheliiiintliB, acolythical dtk-o-lilli'i-kul), a. [< 'acolylhic + acontiid (a-lion'ti-id), 11. A lizard of the family
In a Zijologlcal sense, but also the hypothetical primitive -/. I Itoloiiging fir pertaining to an acolyte. Ai'diitiidd:
Worms, Arrhftminlhyn, supposed to have Jiosses-Si'd tin'
same or n acolythistt (a-kori-thist), . Same as acolyte. Acontiidae, Acontiadae (ak-nn-ti'i-de, -a-de), n.
similar type of structure, In llaeckel's cbisHill-
cation the Arii-liimi f<irm one of the cliuises or main divi- acozubert, r. t. See accumber. jil. lNlj.,< Ai-iiiili<i.t -idir, or-ada:] family + A
ti'-iiH of tin; animal kingdrim. .Sec Cti'tomi. Acomys (ak'o-mis), l. JNL., < Gr. d/, a-iharji of saurian or lacerlilian reptiles of the scincoid
accelomous (u-se'lo-raus), a. Same as acwlom- [loiiit (or L. aciis, a needle) -t-//ri E. moii.tc.\ group, related to the .inijuido; the family to =
Ittnus. A
genus of rodints, of tlie family .Miirida- and whieli the well-luiowu slow-worm of I'.urope
acoelons fa-so'lusj.a. [<NL. co7H.'i,< Gr. uKoi^Mc, subfamily .Miiriiur, having sharp llattened belongs. They arc weak, timid, mid perfectly harmless
nut linl|inv,<-jiriv. +
ho'i'/mt, hollow.] In zoiil., spines in the fur. The sUuU and lectli are as li/.ard.s, resembling snakes in coiise<|iieiiec of the apparent
absence of limbs. .Ichh^i'ilv is the leading genus, giving
hrtviiiK no intestinal cavity; ftnentcroiis. in the geinis Mus.
inline to the family there are numerous species, inhabit-
acon(a'kon), . [<(?)<!' '""''" ml'"''-] About
;

Acoemeti, Accemetae (a-scin'o-ti,

n. pi. -to), ing cliiilly the warmer or dryer parts of the old world.
[lil,., < dr. iiKoiiir/Toi, muse, iihol/ir/Tai, fcin., pi. used for traveling over mud-beds. See extract. .l.-Mii/or,. iiii'tcaiiriji is sometimes called the ilart-snake,

<){ iiKnifir/rnr, -rii, sleepless, < a- priv. K<ii/i(iv, + Walton also ilivi'iiteil the poiiHse-pled or a kind of
artttt,
fri'iii ils iiiaiiiicr of darting iipiui its prey.
brinx to sleep: hcc^ cemeterij.'] An order of boat vvjiicll is still in use. Tlie tfini is compoHeil of a acontium (a-kon'shium), n. ;
]i\. acimtia (-shiji).
monks and riiiMs in (,'on.slanliiiople under tlie plank of hard wood, which coustltiltcs the bott^im. and Is [NL., < Gr. iiKivTiov, a small' dart, dim. of tUuv
culled the sole. This plank Is bent In the fore liart In Hiich
Kiiston; Ijni.ir. nmiied bccauHc tlioy divided a manner as to form a sort of prow. Three light planks,
, ,

tl.i into relays for keeping up which are nailed toKether at the sides and back, complete
I" l-i the Hixth century the monks this simple bout. E. 1: Wri;ihl, Alilm. I.llc, p. tif-S.
'
tlir order became cxthf I.
< uxl'.i till the i'on<|ii'''i "I
acondylpus, acondylose (a-kon'di-luK, -los), .

ill (he llfteehlh ceiiluii |< (ir. (JLiIi'iir/oc, willioul knuckles or joints,
'
'- priv. + (loriir/o;, n Unnckle, a joint hci'<(-18^ :

acolet, form of nccKi/. eniiibdr, and -ou.i, -use.'] in hot., jointleHH.

Kri! lifli
acolcb 1 1 ;. arnUd (< AH. acouella (ak-o-ntd'ji), . (NIj., <f(r(i(ifKHO +
(I ,ld,
or,,'- I,
pp. of nf/rn, < AH. dim. -itla.} In chini., an organic ImHc olitaini'd I'ilEurc with Acontium. (From " Rcvuc ArchlioIontqMC.")
'old, < il- + riilian, bo- from Iho root of Aconitum .\ajiiltiis, closely ri>-
coil- ron], cold Hi'i' cool, : w iiililiiig if not identii'al with narcolin. (/iMirr-), a javelin.] 1. In (!r. iiiilii/.: (it) A
Til. il, would rcguliirly be- aconoUin (ak-o-nerin), . [<iiconrll(i + -in'.\ diirt iM' javelin smaller ninl liglilor flian the
colli' I 11... 1,1 i-Mcnt'i sound is SnriM' as tirottrlla, long Hpeiir, ninl Ihrowti by nioiins of a Diong or
due to I '

AS. rinl'l, whic'li aconln, aconlne (ak'o-nin), . [<ncw((fi) + nmi'iiliiiii. Hence (/)) I'lio gaiiii' of liurling
18 akin I' Utiicolil.] Cold. iii'^.] .\n orgniiic linne dorived from uconitin, llie JMvelin, one of the
xerciKes of llic t'li-
live i

Poor Toni ahaJi.. lA!r, III. 4. and prolmbly idouticul willi mipellin. inous pciiliillilon (whiidi hit) at llio < >lynipinii,
 ;

acontium 51 acquaint
Isthmian, and other games. 2. pi. In zool., acorn-cup (a'k6ni-kup), . The hardened in- and Dasyproctidw. Also spelled acouchi and
convoluteil cords formed in the Actinia and volucre covering the base of an aeorn. The acuchi.
Pascoe. acorn-cups of the Quercux ^E<i'dopv, under the name va-
furnislied witli thread-cells.
Ionia, have become an important article of commerce,
acopt (H-kop'), prep. phr. as adv. [<a3, on, + l.'ii'gc ijiiiititities being used in tanning. See vatanitt.
cojjl, top.] At the top. acorned (a'kornd), a. 1. Fiu'nished or loaded
She wearea a liooil, but it stands acop.
with acorns. Specitlcally, in her., said of an oak repre-
B. Jonmn, Alchemist, ii. i\.
sented on a coat of aruLS as loaded with acorns.
Acopa (ii-ko'pii), [NL., <Gi-. a- priv. + 2. Fed with acorns. iHhak., Cymbeline, ii. 5.
n. pi.
Kumi, ii handle, the handle of an oar, an oar.] acorn-moth (a'kiJrn-inoth), n. A guest-moth,
1. A prime division of the Tuvicala or Axcidia, di_-scriljc(l as Ilokoccra yliindidella, but subse-
in which the aseidians proper are distinguished quently referred to the genus lilastohasis, be-
collectively from the Copelata or' Appcndicida- longinjj to the Tineidce. Its color is ash-gray, with
ria. See extract. Compare cuts under Ascidia two distniet spots near the middle of the fore wings and
a transverse pale stripe across the b.asal third. Its larva is
and Appendicularia. grayish-white, with a liglit-brown head and cervical and
These two cl:isses were formerly separated according to cauilal shields, and is commonly met with in m.xst, feed-
whether they had or had not a propelling tail, as the ing cliii-fly on those acorns that have been occupied by
names of the chisses showed. I have retained the nomeii- till- aLoiii-weevil. See cut in pieceding c<dumn.
clature without giving an importance to this character
which does not belong to it; the larvjc of many Acopa
acorn-oil (a'k6m-oil), n. volatile oil, of but- A
have the dire(;tive organ. A much greater difference be- tery consistence and ptmgent odor, obtained
tween the two divisions is to be found in the characters from the acorns of Quercus robur. acoumeter (a-ko'- or a-kou'me-t6r), n. [Also
of their spiracles. In the Copelata these open on to the acorn-shell (a'kona-shel), n.
In the Acopa they open into a cavity, which is
1. The shell of acouometcr, irreg. < Gr. a/(o(v, hear, /Mrpov, a +
exterior.
formed from a part of the rudimentary spiracle of the the acorii. -2. One of the eimpeds of the measure.] An instrument for measuring the
Copelata. Gcgcnhaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 3S9. gcausJ!alanu.s; abarnacle: called by this name power of the sense of hearing. Also called
from a supposed resemblance of some of the acousimetcr.
2. \_si)ig."\ A
genus of^lepidopterous insects.
acoumetry (a-kii'- or a-kou'me-tri), n. [In'eg. <
acopic (a-kop'ik), a. [<Gr. am-o^, removing species to acorns. See Bakinm and Cirripcdia.
weariness, < a- priv. +
Ko?Tof, weariness, toil, acorn-weevil (a'k6rn-we"vl), n. The popular Gr. aiMvttv, hear, +-/isTpia, < iihpov, a measure.]
The measuring of the power of hearing.
orig. a striking, < k6tt-t-civ, strike.] In nicd., name I'lir certain species of tlie curculionid ge-
'
fitted to relieve weariness restorative. Btc- nus Balaniniis, as B. xmiformis (Le Conte), B.
acousimeter (a-ko- or a-kou-sim'e-ter), n. [<
chanaii, Diet. Sei.
;

rectus (Say), and B. quercus (Horn), which live Gr. oKovaKj, a hearing (< aKoveiv, hear), jierpov, +
in the larval state within acorns. The females a mcasiu-e.] Same as acoumeter.
acor (a'kor), n. [L., a soiu- taste, < acere, be possess extremely
sour: see acid.'] Acidity, as of the stomach.
long and slender beaks, by means of acousmatic (a-kos- or a-kons-mat'ik), a. and .
which they pierce the rind of the acorn and push an egg [< Gr. iiKovofiaTiKdc, willing to hear (oi oKova/ia-
acorn (a'korn, often a'kern), h. [Early mod. E. into the interior. The larva is a legless grub of elongate TiKol, the probationers of Pythagoras), < ukovc-
acorn, akorn, eykorn, acron, acquorn, akecoriw, curved shape, not differing essentially from other curcu-
lionid larva). The affected acorn drops prematurely, and fia(r-), a thing heard, < amvciv, hear: see acous-
oakcrn, okecorn, okehorne, eto.,< late ME. acorn,
the full-grown larva eats its way out to change to a pupa tic] I. a. Hearing; listening: as, acousmatic
akorn, accorne, acorun, ocorn, occorn, okecorne, in the ground. .See cut under Balaninus. disciples.
(tckerne, akern, hakern, assibilatedc7(orf, f7t- acorn-worm (a'korn-werm), n. name given A II. . Aname given to such of the disciples
arne, atcherne, etc. The reg. mod. form would to the Balanoi/lossus, the type and sole member of the Greek philosopher Pythagoras as had
be "akern, in ME. akern (assibilateda<("7)ere, im- of the order Enteropneusta : so called from the not completed their years of probation; hence,
prop. aspirated lutlcern), the other forms being acorn-like shape of the anterior end of its body.
a professed hearer; a probationer.
due to the erroneous notion that the word is a See Balanoglossus, Enteropneusta. An equivalent form is acoustic.
derivative of oak, or a compound of oak (ME. Acorus (ak'o-rus), . [NL., < Gr. oKopog, the acoustic (a-kijs'- or a-kous'tik), a. and /(.
ook, ok, oc, earlier ac, < AS. dc) and corn (ME. sweet-flag.] A
genus of aromatic flag-like [Formerly acoustick, acoustique, < F. acoustique
and AS. corn), or horn (ME. and AS. horn). A
plants, natm'al order Aracea; of two species. =
Sp. Pg. It. acustico, < NL. aeusticus, < Gr. auov-
similar en-or has affected the spelling of the A. Calamus, the Calamus aromaticus of druggists, is na- ariKue, relating to hearing, < aKovaroi, heard, au-
word in other languages. ME. {ikern, < AS. tive or widely naturalized in northern temperate regions, dible, < uKo'vav, hear; cf. uKoij, healing, Kodv,
cecern, wcirn, an acorn, orig. any fruit of the
and is known as nweet-jiag or swcet-runh. See sweet-jlafj.
field, being prop, an adj. formed (like .iilvern
acosmiat (a-koz'mi-a), )}. [NL., < Gr. oKoa/iia, perceive; root prob. */ioi;, *kof, *aKoF=\^. carere,
from silver) < (ecer, a field, acre (see acre), disorder, < okog/ioi;, without order, < a- priv.
+ +
heed, cautus, heetlful (see caulio)i), Goth. ?(.- =
D. aker, an acorn, < akker, a Koa/ioi:, order: see cosmos.] 1. IiTCgiilarity in
= skairjan, take heed, AS. scedu-iau, look at. E. =
-n (see -cn~) ;
field (but now usually eikcl, an acorn, < cik, an
disease, particularly in crises. 2. Ill health,
show, q. .V. The regular E. form would be "acus-
tic: see acou-.] I. a. 1. Pertaining to the sense
oak) ; LG. ckker, an acorn, < akker, a field with loss of color in the face.
=
(also ek, anacorn,<<!te, an oak) ; =G. ecker (after acosmism
(a-koz'mizm), n. [< Gr. n- priv. +
or organs of hearing, or to the science of sound.

LG.), an acorn, < acker, a field (also eichel, an

d(T//or, world, + -/sm. Ci.acosmia.] The denial 2. Same as acousmatic
Acoustic color, the tim-
See ^(';/i^'/r. ACOUStic
aconi, < eiche, an oak) ; =
Icel. akarn, an acorn,
of the existence of an exteinal world. Dean bre or quality of a musical note.
duct, in anat., the meatus auditorius externus, or external
< akr, a field (not from eik, an oak) ; Norw. Hansel. = passage of the ear. See auditory, and cut iiiidetf ((rl.
aakorn (also aakonn, aakodn, and akall), < anker, acosmist
(a-koz'mist), n. [As acosm-ism -ist.] +
Acoustic nerve, the auditory nerve. Acoustic spot,
One who holds the doctrine of aeosmism. macula acu.stica. See macula. XcOUZtlC telegraph,
a field (not from eik, an oak) ; cf Sw. ckoUoii, an .
an cKctiic -T mechanical apparatus for the reprndiietion
+
oUon, an acorn ; Dan. apcrn, acosmistic
= (ak-oz-mis'tik), a. Pertaining to
acorn, < cA', oak, of sounds at a distance. Acoustic tubercle (translation
the doctrine of acosmism. of tubcrculuni acuaticum), in anat., a rounded elevation on
an aeorn, < ager, a field (not fi-om cf/, an oak)
= Goth. akran, fruit in general, <.akr.i, a field. acotyledon (a-kot-i-le'dgn), n. pi. acotyledones, either side of the Hoor of the fourth ventricle of the brain,
;

over whicli certain white lines, the stiia; acusticfe, pass.

Thus acorn has nothing to do with either oak or acoti/ledons (-le'do-nez, -donz). [= F. acotijte- Acoustic vessel, acoustic vase, a bell-shaped vessel of
done, < NL. acoiiihdo{n-) (se.
corn.'] 1. The fruit of the oak; a one-celled, bioii/r ui jinttciy. id" ^^llil.ll a number, according to Vitni-
jjlant without seed-
one-seeded, coriaceous, rounded or elongated planta), a viiis, wci e built in beneath the seats, or plaeetl in chambers
lobes, <Gr. a- priv. -f- kotiA>/Suv, prepared especially to receive them, in the auditoritmt of
nut, the base of which is suiTOimded by an In- ancient theaters, to give sonorousness to the voices of the
diu-ated scaly cup. Acorns have been used for food,
any cup-shaped cavity see co-
:
players. No such vessels have been recognized among the
aud are still eaten in various countries. The sweet acorn ti/ledon.] A
plant destitute of ruins of either Greek or Koman theaters but it is said that
;

is the fruit of the Quercus Ballota of northwestern Africa,
and is quite palatable, as are also several American species.
All are excellent food for swine.
Thei weren wont lyghtly to slaken hir hunger at euene
with aciiriti-ri of okes. Chaucer, Boethius, ii. meter 5.
Besides the gall which is his proper fruite, hee shootes
out oakiTHK, i. e., ut nunc vocamus acornes, and oakes ap-
ples aud polypody and moss.
Sir T. Browne, Works, I.
2. Naut., a small ornamental piece of wood, of
a conical or globular shape, sometimes fixed
on the point of the spindle above the vane, on
a masthead, to keep the vane from being
blown off. 3. -Any similar ornamental tip.
4. Same as acorn-shell, 2.
a cotyledonous embryo. The similar vjtses were introduced 'for a like purpose in the
name Acoi'ilcdoius was proposed by the vault of the choir of the medieval church of the Domini-
younger Jussieu for the class of plants cans at Strasburg.
which have no proper seed or embryo, II. n. If. In OTed., a remedy for deafness or
now usually and more properly desig-
nated as ('iiii>t>"muna ov cryptofjams.
imperfect hearing.
2. Same as acousmatic.
(a-kot-i-le'do-
acoustical (a-kos'- or a-kous'ti-kal), a. Of or
acotyledonous belonging to the science of acoustics; acoustic.
nus), a. Without cotyledons,
The acuteness of the blind in drawing conclusions from
203 (ed. Bohn). or seed-lobes, as the embryo Germinating spore slender acoustical premises. Science, VI. 195.
otCuscuta; more usually, with- "/.-(jJ^JT.S.rr!
acoustically (a-kos'- or a-kous'ti-kal-i), adv.
out embryo (and consequently entstages. Magnified,
in relation to acoustics or hearing.
vvithout cotyledons), as crypto- n e'Snit /'r
acoustician (a-kos- or a-kous-tish'an), h. One
gams.
skilled in the science of sound; a student of
acou-. For acu-, in words from Greek oKoieiv,
acoustics.
hear an iiTegular spelling due to the French
:
Tile transverse vibrations were the only ones no-
spelling of acoustic, the first of these words in- . . .

ticed by the earlier acousticians.

troduced into English. See acoustic. Wheicell, Hist. Inductive Sciences, \iii. 6.
acouchl-resin (a-ko'shi-rez"in), n. ^Acouchi
acoustics (a-kos'- or a-kous'tiks), )(. [PI. of
(aliiiiclii, aluchi, etc.), native name (in F. spell-

ing) in Guiana.] The inspissated juice of Pro-

acoustic (see -ics) =
F. acoustique
; Sp. Pg. It. =
acustica.] The science of sound; the study of
tium Aracoucidni (Idea heterophiilla), of Guiana,
the cause, nature, and phenomena of the vibra-
and other species of tropical South America. tions of elastic bodies which affect the organ
It resemlilcs the elenii-resin of tlie old world, and is appli-
cable to the same purposes. Also called aloiichi-, aliifid-, of hearing. The manner in which sound is produced,
(IT amriinchinl-rcsiti. its transmission through air aud other media (sometimes
acouchy (a-ko'shi), [<F. acouchi, agouchi, called dia4;oii.^tics), the theory of reflected sounii, or echoes
II.
(sometimes called catacou.^tic^), the properties and effects
said fo be from the native Guiana name.] An of different sounds, including musical sounds or notes, and
animal belonging to the genus Dasyprocta, the structure and action of the organ of hearing, are .tU
family Dasypnietidcc, of the hystricine series of included in ac<mstics. .See sound.
Acorn-moth {HoUacera slanduUtta, Riley).
the order liodcntia ; the olive agouti or Sm'inani accxua (ak'wii), n. [It.] See aqua.
a, larv.^ withinacom ; b, acorn infestej with the larva : c, head
aod thoracic segment-s of larva ; rf, one of the abdominal segmentsof
rat, Dasiiprocta acouchy, inhabiting Guiana and acCLUaint (a-kwanf), a. [Se. acejuaint, acquent,
larva, lateral view : c. one of the abdominal segmentsof larva, dorsal
view ; /, moth ! the cros.s shows natural size ) : g, basal joint of antenna some of the West India islands. It is related < ME. aquente, aqucynte, aqwynt, aquointe. <
In the male moth. to the cavics, or guinea-pig family. See agouti OF. aeoint, later accoint, " acquainted or famil-
 - : ;

52 acquiry
acquaint
Nor was hisocgimiiKancf less with the famous poets of acquiescency (ak-wi-es'en-si), n. [See acqui-
iar-svith; also neat, compt, fine, spruce in ap- his age, thua with the noblemen and ladies. Drydeii
L. accogmtu^s escc aud -cy^ The state of beiug acquiescent;
parel, or otherwise" (Cotgrave). < The honour of Sheridan's /anii7inri(i/ or supposed/a- a condition of silent submission or assent.
pp. of accognoscere, know or
recognize perfect- midari'd/ was better to my godfather than money. (ak-wi-es'ent), a. [< li. acqiii-
Iv. < ad, to. +
cognosccre, know, < co-, com-, to- Lamb, My First Play. acquiescent
cscen(t-)s, ppr. of acquiciccrc : see acquiesce.'i
gether, *gno-scere, wo-swrf + E. kimc: see = Tlie intimacv between the father of Eugenio and Agres-
Disposed to acquiesce or yield; submissive;
iiioir, and cognition, cognise.
Cf. quaint, ^c- tis produced a tender friendsliip between his sister and
Amelia. Ilau-kestvortit, .\dventurer, No. 64. easy; uni-esisting.
3Hains now regarded as a ebpped form of flc- ,,-,,-<. i- n , rr, \ man nearly sixty, of acquiescent temper, miscellane-
auainted pp Acquainted; personally or mu- acquaintanceship (a-kwan tans-ship), n. The ous opinions, and uncertain vote.
]
we are not acquaint. [Scotch state of having acquaintance.
toallv known as, : George Eliot. Middlemareh, I. 11.
and north. Eng.] acquaintantt (a-kwan' an ), H. [< acquaint acquiescently (ak-wi-es'ent-U), adr. In an ac- 1

When we were fii'st acquent. + -H?i, after , OF.

.
acoin
1 """i"!'
PP''- ^ """,""'''' qn.>^^ent manner,
Burns, John Anderson. acquaint prob. developed trom aequa,ni<ince, acauiescingly (ak-wi-es'ing-li), adv. In an a ac-;

whicn in sense 3, the pi. acquaintnnis

acquaint (a-kwant'),i-. [<ME. aqueinten,aque>jn. with ^^i^^^^^ein "manner; acquiescently.
tin, earlier acointen, akointen, < OF. acointer, ^"y'i':.'::i'UT'd\r.ZZ^'f'li acquiett " '., [<ML. acqui,ietare.
person with whom one is acquainted. See
,
ac-
iicoiittier, acouinter, aeuintier, acoenlicr, aquin- quiet, settle: see acquit.'] To render quiet;
quaintancc.
ter. later accointer, "to make acquainted; . . .
compose ; set at rest.
An and a friend of Edmund Spenser.
also to seek or affect the acquaintance of; ac&tiaiiitaiit
/. Walton.
Ac'iuiet his mind from stirring you.
. . . s'nccointer de, to wax acquainted, grow Sir A. Shirley, Tl-avels.
He and his readers are become old acquainlanls.
familiar ^rith, or to get or desire the acquain- acquirability (a-kwii--a-bil'i-ti), n. The quality
SwiJ't, Tale of a Tub.
tance of" (Cotgrave), < ML. adcognitare, make of being aeiiuirable. riilcy. [Kare.]
known, < L. dccog,,itus, vV^^of'acZgVwsc^^c acquainted (^-kwan'ted^ p. 2'^;^' + acquirable (a-kwir'^-bl),_:' [< acquire + -able.
^^< f
knoworrecognizeperfectly:see05<^r^] :^.^>f_^^"jjy^^^^^^^
Cf. Sp. iidquiriblc, Pg. adquirivel] Capable of
have acquaintance or tanee; informed; having personal knowledge. being acquired.
I. trans. 1. To cause to
Faulk. flHiat, is he much acquainted in the family?
acquire (a-kwir'), v. t.; pret. and pp. acquired,
be more or less familiar; make conversant: used .Ift.v. O, very intimate. 5Aenrffl7i, The Rivals, ii. 1.
with iritli : as, to acquaint one's self, or make ppr. acquiring. [< ME. aqwere (rare), <0F. ac-
2t. Known familiarly known not new.
one's self acquainted, irith a subject : to make qmrre, \nter'aquerir, F. acquerir, acquire, get,
; ;

persons (to be) acquainted icith each other. Tliiniis aenuainted and familiar to us.
S/inA-., 2Hen. I>'., V. 2.
= Sp. Pg. adquirir, < L. acquarcre, a collateral .

A man of sorrows, and acquainted mlh giief. Isa. liii. 3. form of acquirere, acquire, get, obtain, < ad, to,+
Misery acnuaintx a man mth strange bedfellows. acquaintedness (a-kwan'ted-nes), k. The quarcre, seek see quenj. Tlie E. word is now :

SImI:., Tempest, ii. 2. state of being acquainted. [Rare.] spelled with i instead of e, to bring it nearer to
We
that acquaint ourselves with every zone. acqu^reur (a-kii-rer'), ' [F., an acquirer, < ac- the Latin. Cf. inquire, require] To get or
Sir J. Davies, Int. to Immortal, of Soul. qut-rii; see acquire.] In French and
acquii'e: gain, the object being something which is more
Persons themselves acquaint us trilh the impersonal. Canadian lair, one who acquires title, particu- or less permanent, or which becomes vested or
Emerson, Essays, 1st ser., p. 252.
larly to immovable property, by purchase. inherent in the subject as, to acquire a title, :

2. furnish with knowledge or information

To acqiiest (a-kwesf), n. [< OF. acquest, F. ac- estate, learning, habits, skill, dominion, ete^;
' '"""
(about) make conversant by notice or com- (/</= It. rtf(7w/(> (ML. ((("(/(((s^hmOi an acquisi- to acquire a stammer; suf^iiv acquires a brown
""
;
"
munication: with with before the subject of tiou, purchase, < L. acqmrsitum, usually acquisi color by being burned. A mere temporary posses-
information, and formerly sometimes with of: turn, a thing acquired, neut. pp. of acquirere, sion not expressed by acquire, but by obtain, procure,
is
to obtain (not acquire) a book on loan.
as, to acquaint a friend with one's proceedings. acquire see acquire. Cf. conquest.] If. The
:
etc. : ;is,

Descent is the title whereby a man, on the death of his

But. for some other reasons, my grave sir. act of acquii'ing acquirement: as, "cotmtries
Which 'tis not tit you know, I not no/aiii(
Sly father 0/ this business. SItak., W. T., iv. 3.
of new acquest," Bacon. 2t.
;

thing gained; A aiucstcir, aequires his estate by right of representation, as

his heir at law. Illackstone..
an acquisition a thing acquh-ed by force as,
;
:
Having been greater degree than othera to man-
left in a
Though you are so averse tomyacguai/ifi'i? Lady Teazle " new acquest,'! and eneroacliments," Woodward, age their own the Lnglisli people have become
affairs,
icith your passion lor Maria. I'm sure she's not your enemy have acquired great practical ability.
Nat. Hist. 3. In civil law: (a) Pi-operty ac- self-helping, and
in the affair. Sheridan, .School for Scandal, iv. 3. Sjteneer, Social Statics, p. 429.
U.
=Syn. 1. To acquaint (with), make known (to), familiar- quired in other ways than by succession, (b)
Men acquire faculties by practice.
ize (with), introduce (to). 2. To inform (of), communicate Property acquired during a marriage under the ir. A'. Clifford, Lectures, 1. 94.
(to), apprise (oQ, mention (to), signify (to), intimate (to), ride of eommimity of property. [In this sense
disclose (to), reveal (to), tell (to). See announce and in-
The young demand thoughts that find an echo in their
form.
usually in the plm'al and spelled, as French, ac- real and not their acquired nature, and care very little
quets.] See conquet. alumt the ilress they ai'e put in.
Il.t intrans. To become acquainted. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 406.
acquetont, See acton.
The manere Acquired logic. Sec loyic. = Sjn. To get, obtain, gain,
How they aqucynteden in fere. acquiesce (ak-wi-es'), v- ; pret. and pp. acqui- attain, proc\nc, win, earn, secure, gather, imister, learn.
Cttaucer, House of Fame, 1. 2.'>0. esced, ppr. acquiescing. [< F. acquiesccr, "to Sec aftiliii.
yield or agi-ee unto, come to agreement, be at acquirement (a-kwir'ment), . 1. The act of
OF. acoin-
quiet, strive or stir no more" (Cotgrave), = It.
acquaintablet (a-kwan'ta-bl), a. [<
acquiring especially, tlie gaining of knowledge
table, kiter accointabic, " acquaintable, easio to
;

acquieseere, < L. acquiescere, rest, repose in, find or mental attributes.

be a<-(iuainted or familiar witli" (Cotgrave), rest in, < ad, to, -I- quiescere, rest, < quics, rest
It is very ditllcult to lay down rules for the acquiremiiit
<cin/<fi-, make known: see acquaint, v.] Easy To come to rest, or .-Uldison, Spectator, No. 401).
see quiesce and quiet.] It. of such a taste.
to be acquainted with; affable. Uom. of Hose. remain at rest. 2. Tliat which is acquired ; attainment : com-
acquaintance (a-kwau'tans), H. [< ME. aquai/n- Which atoms are still hovering up and down, and never monly in the plm'al.
liiiin, intimacy, personal know-
tujiii \inlancc, rest they meet with some pores i)roportiouable and
till nK'nequiremenls by industry were enriched and en-
ledge, friciidship (not used in the concrete cognate to their figures, where they acqiiiesee. larged by many excellent endowments of nature.
Ilomll, Letters, iv, M. Sir J. llayward, Kaigne of Edward VI.
sense of a person known), < OF. acointance,
later accointance, "acquaintance, conversation 2. To agree ; consent ; tacitly assent ; (|uietly = Syn. 1. (Jathcring, gaining. 2. Acquirements, Aequi-
Atlaimncnts, AeeumtiliKkmeiitii, Endomnents,
or commerce with " (Cotgrave), < acointer, make comply or submit : as, to acquiesce in an opin- siliiiiis,
Aequinitiims is the most
EiiduemeniK; gain, resources.
known: nee acquaint, v.] 1. Tlie state of being ion, argument, or an-angeraent. general term, but it is gi'iulually being restricted to ma-
acquainted, or of lieing more or less intimately Ncander sent hia man with a letter to Thconiachus, terial gains. Atlainnicnls denotes exclusively intellec-
conversant (used witli reference to both per- who aeqttieHced to the proposal. tual or moral aciiuisitions: as. a num ot i^rcnlattainvicnts
Gcnileman Imtrmted, p. 123. his spiritual nlliiiiinient.i were high. Acquirements has
sons and things); knowledge of; experience
Presuming on the unshaken submission of Ilippolita, he nearly the same nu-aniiig as attninments, though it is
in: used with with, and formerly sometimes acqmener with pa- sometimes loosely used as eiiui\aleiit to aequiKitions ; It
nattered himself that she wnulil . . .

with of. tience to a divorce. Waliii'le. I'astle ot Otrauto, 1. has more direct reference to particular things aciinlred :
desire more aaiuaintancf you. lus, skill in boxing wiis among his nequiremrnts. .Ircom-
Oo<l Slualer llrook, 11/
Sliak.,il. W. of W., 11.2.
I
Take the place and attitude whiih belong to you, and plishmenls are altilliiments or aci|Uiroinents. parlicubirly
all men acquience. Emermn, lls-iays, 1st ser., p. 13(1.
such as 111 the possessor for society as, Krcncli. dancing,
That Kenvnil acquaininnri- with the mechanism and
;

(Ill lutidiTii usage, iieijiile^re is gi-ncrally followe<l by the and music were the sum of her aeeoiuiilishmenlii. Kn-
wnrkiiiv ot the llvbig xystem which all personx, even
Iin]ii>.silii>M ill : f.iniirvly In, ifilli,Mii\J'riim were in use.| daienienlM are the gifts of nature, as gi'iiiua or aptitude.
raoilemtely edueati-d, hIiiiiiM \ntMenA.
Iluxicy awi Voumans, Physiol., fi :t^>S. acquiescement (ak-wi-es'menl; F. iiron. a- Enduements are endowments, Bci|Ulrcinelit, or attain-
[< F. "acquirsermrnt, (|uiet-
ments In the lldd of moral and spiritual lite, but they are
I have A very general acfiuaintance here in New Eng-
kyes'inoii), .
opposed to nlliiiniiienlii In being rcgardi'd as gifts from
Imnd. ness, also an agreement" (Colgruvi'): see ac-
Hawthorne, Old Manse, i.
heaven ralhcr than as the result ot piinonal endeavor.
2. A
person known to one, especially a person quiisec and -nirnl.] In F)ench and Canadian .See rni/ioTll.
with whom om- is not on terms of great inti /(/, c(iuicsc('nce; free consent. hcn ymi are disposed to ho vain of your mental no-
[=Sp. aquir.s- qidremrntu, look up to those who are more accoiupllshed
iiMicy lis, he
I is not a friend, only an uequain- acquiescence (uk-\vi-es'ens), n.
:
"" " " " than yourself. I>r. .1 Moure. .

lan*r. [Tliis is the onlysenso which admits of ((,iri,i=U.aequir.ieeu.:a,<.L.Hsit'acquiesccnlia, "

Interference has been sanctioned. either In the . . .

11 plural fonn.] <aeqniesren{l-}.y, acquiescent: see acquie.irrnl.] pinely domestic concerns of a nation, or with respect to
W MO )io U Mlianiud of his nearest acquaintance*. 1. Tlio act of aciniicscing or giving (ncit as- Its foreign relations and territorial ncquisilions.
C. Itoyle, Jieiitley on I'halaris. sent; a silent submission, or siibinission witli Encye. Ilrit., XIII. 102.
n'Oie; you have drawn ajipaient consent. It i dlstingulHbcd (mm avowed H Is In gcueral more prolltablc to reckon up our defect*
lioa.'.t of our atlaiiiniiiitn. Carlylc, Essays.
t' ii.
y wh have conversed coiiHcTil on Iheoue hand, and from opposition nr open dl- llian lo
* I'
Myyuiin*. coTilcjit nil the oilier: as. an arquireenee In the decisions 1 danced the polka and ccllallns,
ii<liit. ,.^ oriy. anil I'rug. of .Matlre. of a cciiirt. nr In the allotments ot I'rovldenee. Spun glass, sliillcd birds, and m.Hleled llowers In wax,
lleeause she liked aceomidiiluii. nln girls.
With llie Inivllable n<-7i(i.<-.'<i.-f of nil public ervnul\
ill
3. Tlio whole bo<ly of those with whom one is .Vr. Ih-iiiniiiiij, Aurora Leigh, 1. 1.
|he] resumes Ills composure and goes on.
n'''i"' '" ' ' '
I'lural, HM if for nr'/Matn- lliuvlhurne, Hnnw Iniagc. lie ought to think no man vabniMc but tor his public
spirit, Jilslicc, and Intcgrilv; ali<l all oilier enihnenirntt
Thoro certain grave acquimernce In Ignorance, a
It ft
to be iBleci only as Ihcv conlribiite lo the ixeiling
M- recognition ot our Impotence lo solve iniilllellloiis and
I
.ily catranued from nu'.
llloMC vlrlllcs. .VIeele, Special. .r. No. 340.
Job xl<. 1.3. urgent ililestlous, which lias n satisfaction of Its own. , , , ,.
aCQUirei (a-kwir tr), H. One wlui ncqnirea.
,

./. //. A'ricm.ii, (irnm. of Aswuit, p.

lU"
To nrqualntanw, 'o mulf-nvur to
n cultlTiit* on*'" '
' , n 1
'
' . Famil
lie-

2. In law, such neglect In dike legal iiroceeil- acquirvf (u kvvir'i), )i. l<acquirv + -ij, after in-
I'f >-
'

iiiit from Acqnirenient.

iiigs ill (ippfisition to n iimtlor as iinplioH con- quiri/.]
'. -

(rf|M' ri' i-r 111,1'

fri.rri j- r-iiira' "iiiniiry unnttCTVpa
. ,
nrlslntf
sent thereto. Syn. A^i-enl, lonnenl. Concurrence, etc. % ai 1 n .|iilretli more hard study and pidn toworcl
Sermons,
tjie
III. 62.
Inl^rrourae, tiilrcoMr>< nf the clo*<'t poMlblt- kind. (Mre OMcnl), complluice, reslgimtioii. ao;uirf/oi lithancuntontnient. /farrotc,
 .;

acquisible 53 acreage
acquisible (a-kwiz'i-bl), a. [< L. acquin-itus, pp. the soldier acquitted himself weU in battle the ;
Having no velum, as a diseophore ; of or per-
of acquircrr', acquire (see acquire), E. -ibk.] + orator acquitted himself indifferently. taining to the Acra,ijieda.
(!apablti of being aeciiiired. [Rare.] Though this wius one of the first mercantile transac- The Hydroidea and Siphonophora are cr.aspedote the ;

[< L. acqumtus, tions of my life, yet I had no doubt about acquitting my- Discophora are supposed be destitute of a veil, and are
acauisitet (ak'wi-zit), a. Ootdsmith, Vicar, xiv. therefore iteraspediite.
t<j

Stand. Nat. Uist., 1. 94.

.sv^/with reputation.
gtuned, pp. of acquirere, gain : see acquire. Cf
exquisite, requisite.'] Acquired; gained. 5t. To release ; set free ; rescue. acrasyt, acrasiat (ak'ra-si, a-kia'zi-a), n. [<
A luinimir a liquid or Huent part of the body, com-
is
Till I have your captive Knight.
acqjiit ML. acrasia, which appears to comljiue the no-
Spenser, F. Q., I. vii. 62. tions of (1) Gr. impaaia, later form of aKpurcia,
nrelieniled in it, for tlie preservation of it and is either ;

irniatc or born witlr us, or adventitious and acijiiijiite.

= Syil. 1. To exonerate, exculpate, discharge, set free. intemperance, want of self-control (< aKpuTT/r,
Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 95. See tibsoliie.i. (ti) To behave, act, bear, conduct, demean,
deport, or quit (one's self).
wanting in self-control, intemperate, unbridled.
acctuisition (ak-wi-zish'on), n. [< L. acquisi- < a- priv. + KpiiTor, strength, power, akin to E.
acquitt. I'ast participle of acquit.
tio(u-), aequisitiou, < acqiiirere: see acquire.] hard, q. v.) and (2) Gr. oKpania, bad mixture,
I am glad I am so acquit of this tinder-box.
;

1. The act of acquiring or gaining possession : Shale., M. W. of W., i. 3. ill temperature, (.aiipaToc, unmixed, untempered,

as, the acquisition of property.

acquitet (a-kvvif), 1'. f. Savae as acquit. [Corn- intemperate, excessive, < a- priv. + "Kparoc,
Any European state may be restrained from pursuing pure requite.] mixed: nee crater and crasis.] Excess; surfeit;
plans of acqumtion, or making preparations looking to- intemperance ; incontinence.
ward future acquisitions, which are judged to be hazard- acquitment (a-kwit'ment), n. The act of ac-
quitting, or tte state of being acquitted ; ac- Acra&ies, whether of the body <.,- mind, occasion great
ous to the independence ... of its neighbors.
Woolsaj, Introd. to Inter. Law, 43. uneasiness. Cornish, Life of Firmin, p. 84.
quittal. [Rare.]
2. That which is acquired or gained; especially, acquittal (a-kwit'al), n. [< MK. acquitalle, acratia (a-kra'shiii), . [< Gr. iiiipaTna, want
a material possession obtained by any means, -atjle ; i acquit + -at'.] 1. The act of acquitting, of power: see acrasi/.] In pathol., failure of
but sometimes used in the plural of mental or the state of bcin^ acquitted. Specifically, in strength weakness ; debility, ;

gains. law: (a) A judicial scttinu free or deliverance from tlie acrazet, acraset (a-kraz'), v. t. [<F.acraser,
charge of an oJtense uy jin )nouncing a verdict of not guilty.
The Cromwellians were induced to reliuquish one third (b) In Engl.ind, freedom from entries and molestations by ^'accrazer, break, burst, craze, bruise, crush"
of their acquisitiont!. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., v.
a superior lord for services issuing out of lands. Cowcll.
(Cotgrave), same as ecra.ier, escraser, "to squash
They learn so fast and convey the result so fjist as to 2. Performance, as of a duty; discharge of an down, beat flat," etc. (Cotgrave) : see a-H, -l5,
outrim the logic of their slow brother and make his ac- and craze.] To weaken, impair, or enfeeble in
quisiUo7is poor. Emerson, Woman. obligation or a debt.
mind, body, or estate.
= Syn. 2. Actiuirnnents, Acquisitions, etc. See acquire, I have been long in arrears to you, but I trust you will
take this huge letter as an acquittal. I acrazed was. Mir. for Mays., p. 138.
ment.
acquisitive (a-kwiz'i-tiv), a. [< L. as if *aequi-
Walpote, Letter to H. Mann. My substance impaired, my credit acrased.
Gascoiyne, Letter in Hermit's Tale, p. 21.
sitivus, < acquisitus, pp. : see aequisite.] If. acquittance (a-kwit'ans), . [< ME. (/( frmce,
-ans, acquitance, -amice, < OP. aquitancc, < aqui- Cold in the night which acraseth the bodie.
Acquired. Holinshed, Chronicles, III. 1049.
ter, discharge: see acquit and - wee.] 1. The
He died not in his acquisitive, but in his native soil.
[<ME. aJcer, ahir, a field, an
Wotton, Keliquia;, p. lOG. act of acquitting or discharging from a debt or acre (a'ker), it.
Makingor tending to make acquisitions; any other liability; the state of being so dis- acre, < AS. wcer, a field, later also an acre, =
2.
having a propensity to acquire: as, an acquis- charged. OS. afcter OFries. =
et/v:c-= D. /iter=OHG.

Now must your conscience my acquittance seal. ahhar, achar,accar, MHG. G. acker=lcel. akr =
itive disposition.
Shak., Hamlet, iv. 7. Sw. dker=T>an. ager (ioth. ahrs=\j. ager=Gv. =
The Hrst condition then of mental development is that
the attitude of the mind should be creative rather than 2. Awi'iting in evidence of a discharge ; a re-
aypdc; =
Skt. ajra, all in the sense of field, orig.
ii pasture or a chase, hunting-ground < -v/ *ag,
acquiiiitice. W. K. CUJ}'ord, Lectures, I. 105. ceipt in full, which bars a fm'ther demand. ;

Acquisitive faculty, iu psychol., perception; the pre- Vou can produce acquittances Skt. / aj Gr. ayeiv =
L. agerc Icel. aka,= =
-Sfiitative faculty. For such a sum. Shak., L. L. L., ii. 1. drive: .see ake =
ache'^, and (<L. agere) act,
acquisitively (a-kwiz'i-tiv-li), adv. In an ac- etc. Hence acorn, q. v. The spelling acre in-
3t. The act of clearing one's self.
quisitive manner; by way of acquisition. Being suspected and put for their cn:quittance to take stead of the reg. aJcer (cf. haker, AS.
hevcere) is
acquisitiveness (a-kwiz'i-tiv-nes), n. 1. The the sacrament of the altar. Jer. Taylor. due to its legal use in imitation of OF. acre, <
quality of being acquisitive a propensity to ;
acquittancet (a-kwit'ans), v. t. To acquit. ML. (Law L.) acra, acrum, from Tout.] 1.
acquire property.
2. In phren., the organ to Your mere enforcement shall acquittance me Originally, an open plowed or sowed field. This
signification was gradually lost after the acre was made a
which is attributed the function of producing From all the impure blots and stains thereof.
definite measure of surface. Still used in the plural to
the general desire to acquire and possess, apart Shak., Rich. III., iii. 7.
denote fields or land in general.
from the uses of the objects. Sometimes called acquittance-roll (a-kwit'ans-rol), n. In the
My bosky acres, and my unshrubb'd down.
coretivciwss. See cut iinAev j)hreiiologij. British army, the pay-roll of a company, troop, Shak., Tempest, iv. 1.
acquistt (a-kwisf), n. [A form of acquest, after or battery. Over whose acres walked those blessed feet.
It. acqui^to, ML. acquistum, L. acquisitum.] Ac- Acrssa (a-kre'ii), " [NL., <Gr. oKpalor, equiv. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., i. 1.
quest; acquirement. to oKpoc, at the top or extremity.] A genus of 2. Asuperficial measure of land, usually
New acquist nymphalid butterflies, typical of the subfamily stated to be 40 poles in length by 4 in breadth;
Of true experience. Milton, S. A., 1. 1755. Acraina: A. antias is an example. but 160 perches (= 4840 square yards, or 43,560
acquit (a-kwif), v. t.; pret. and pp. acquitted, Acrseinae (ak-re-i'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Acrwa + square feet) make an acre, however shaped.
ppr. acquitting. [< ME. aquiten, acwiten, < OF. -ince.] A subfamily of butterflies of the family An acre, .as a specific quantity of land, was reckoned in
aquiter, acuiter, later ticquiter, "to quit, acquit, Xymphalida; taking name from the leading England as much as a yoke of oxen could plow in a day
the establishment of a definite measure by laws of the
free, clear, discharge, rid of, deliver from" genus Acrma, and containing mostly African till
thirteenth century and later. This is known in Great
(Cotgrave), F. acquitter = I'r. aquitar = lt. ac- species of small or moderate size, with semi- Britain and the United States as the statute acre, to dis-
quetare, appease, quiet, < ML- *acquitare, acquie- transparent \viiit;s, reddish-brown marked with tinguish it from the customary acres still in use to some

tare, settle a claim, appease, quiet, < L. ad, to, black. Tlii'rc ;ire iil)0ut 85 species. extent in Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. The Scotch acre
is larger tlmn the statute acre, as itcontaius 6150.4 square
+ quietare, quiet, < quietus, discharged, free, at Acramphibrya (ak-ram-fib'ri-a), n.pl. [NL.,
yards, 4S Scotch acres being equal to 61 statute acres. The
and quit.] 1. To
rest, quiet: see acquiet, quiet, < Gr. ciKpoi:, at the end, +
aufi, on both sides, Irish acre is 7840 square yards, lOO Irish .acres being nearly
release or discharge, as from an obligation, ac- +jipvov, a flower, blossom, </?fi!''en<, swell, be full equivalent to 162 statute acres. In AVales different mea-
eru\ the stang, the paladr, called acres. The
cusation, guOt, censure, suspicion, or whatever to bursting.] In hot., a term used by Endlicher sures, the ai'e
true erw is 4320 square yards the stang is 3240. l"here
as a class name for exogenous plants, which he
;

is laid against or upon a person as a charge or is also the Cornisli acre, of 5760 square yards. Among
duty; specifically, in law, to pronounce not deseiibed as plants growing both at the apex the customary English acres ai'e found measures of the
guilty: as, we acquit a man of evil intentions; and at the sides. following uuMiliers of perches: SO (of hops), 90 (of hops),
the jury acquitted the prisoner. It is followed by o/ acrania (a-kra'ni-a), . [NL., < Gr. a- priv. + 107, 110, 120 (shut acre), 130, 132, 134, 141, 180 (forest
acre). 200 (for copyhold land in Lincolnshire), 212, 256 (of
before the thing of which one is acquitted to acqidtfroin ; apaviov, L. cranium, the skull.] 1. [NL., fem. wood). The Leicestershire acre has 2308J s(]uare yaj'ds,
is obsolete.
sing.] In Icratol., a malformation consisting the Westmoreland acre 6760 square yards, tlie Cheshire
His poverty, can you acquit him o/'that? in an enth'e absence of the bones and integu- acre 10,240 square yards. Often abbreviated to A. or a.
Sticridan, The Duenna, ii. 3.
ments forming the vault of the skull. Also The rtcre was in many cases a small field simply, i. e.,
If he [Bacon] was convicted, it was because it was impos-
sible to acquit him without offering the grossest outrage written rtcroH//. 2. [cap.] [NL., neut. pi.] A
an agcr; and a hundred and twenty small fields were
called a hide. A standard acre was hardly established
to justice and comnu)n sense. Macaulay, Lord Bacon. name propose<l by Haeekel as a class designa- imtil the thirteenth century.
2. To atone for. [Rare.] tion for Amphioxus or Branvhiostomii ; a syn- D. W. Jioss, German Land-holding, Notes, p. 131.
Till life to death acqtiit my forced offence.
onym of MqehKoa or Leptocardia (which sec). 3t. lineal measure equal to a fiuTow's length,
A
Also eaUed'Acejihala. See Amphioxus and Bran-
Shalt., Lucrece, 1. 1071. or 40 poles; more frequently, an acre's breadth,
3. To settle, as a debt requite; pay discharge
;
chiostoma.
[See aorama.]
^
Hav-
.
4 poles, equal to '22 or 25 yards Burgh acres.
fulfil.
;
acranial (a-ki-a'ni-al), a.
See &wra/i.
God's acre. >iee God's-acre.
Aquyte liym wel for goddes love, he.quod ing no skull. acreable (a'ker-a-bl), a. [< acre -I- -able.] Ac-
Chaucer, Troilus, ii. 1200. acrany (ak'ra-ni), n. Same as acrania, 1. cording to the acre measured or estimated in ;

Midst foes (as champion of the faith) he ment acraset, v. t. See aeraze. acres or by the acre.
That palme or cypress should his paines acquite. acrasiat, " i^ee an-asi/. The acreable produce of the two methods was nearly the
Carew, Tasso.
Acraspeda, Acraspedota (a-kras'pe-da, a- same. Complete Farmer, Al't. Potatoe (Ord. MS.).
I admit it to be not so much the duty as the privilege of kras-pe-do'tii), . pi. [NL., < Gr. a- priv. -1-
an American citizen to acquit this obligation to the mem-
KpaoTTedov, a hem or border.] The name given acreage (a'ker-aj), J!. [<acre -age.] Theniun- +
ory of his fathers with discretion and generosity. ber of acres in a piece or tract of land acres
by Gegenbam- to the acalephs proper ;' that is, taken collectively extent in acres as, the
;
Ecerett, Orations, I. 382.
:

to those jelly-fishes and sea-nettles the lobate acreage

;

We see young men who owe us a new world,

so readily
of farm-land iu a country ; the acreage
and lavishly they promise, luit they never acquit the debt. border of whose disk is not provided (with few of wheat so'n-n.
Emerson, Experience. exceptions, as iu Aurelia) with a contractile
4. With a reflexive pronoim To clear fold or velum: nearly synonymous
No coai-se and blockish God of acreage
: (a) marginal Stands at thy gate for thee to grovelto.
one's self. with Disciiphora (which see): opposed to Cras- Tennyson, Aylmer's Field.
Pray God he may acquit him [himself] of suspicion I pedota. See cut imder acaleph. The interests of a nation of our acreage and population
Shale, 2 Hen. VI., iii. 2. acraspedote (a-kras'pe-dot), ((. [< Gr. u- priv. are a serious load to be conducted safely.
(b) To behave ; bear or conduct one's self : as, (a-iS) + craspedote, or as Acraspeda -ote.] + X. A. Jtev., CXLI. 211.
 ; ;

acrecbolic 54 acro-
acrecbolic (ak-rek-bol'ik), a. [< Gr. axpof, at In Gryllidie and Locustidaj the antennnj are long and rights. has a wide range of meaning, expressing
.decent}/
setaceous, in Acridiidee they are short and stout, often that which is justified or necessary, au<i often that
the top, + ecbolic, q. v.] Evei'sible by protru-
, , ,

rjirely clav.^te. The ovipositor in the two fonner families which is hai-sh or hard as applied to language or conduct
;

sion of the apex protnided by a fonvard move- ; is often very large in Acridiidce there is no ovipositor.
; it is a weigiity word. We m.ay speak of aerijnony in de-
ment of the tip: applied to the intioverted pro- Pascoe, Zool, Class., ISiSO, p, 115, bate or of feeling; asperity of manner; harshnens of con-
boscis of certain animals, as rliabdocoelous pla- acridii (a-krid'i-i), w.^)?. [NL., masc.pl.] Same duct, language, requirements, terms, treatment severity ;

of censure, pmiishment, manner; (ar(eit(( of reply *owr-

narians and sundry gastropods the opposite of as acridia. :
negs of jispect; bitterness of spirit, feeling, retort; viru-
;

acrembolie, and correlated vriih j'lenrembolic : acridity (a-krid'i-ti), , [< acrid + -Hij, after lence and rancor of feeling and language.
as, 'acrecbolic tubes or introverts," JS. if. Laii- aciditij.'] The quality of being acrid pimgeney ;
It is well known in what terms of acrimony and per-
Irester, Encyc. Brit., XVI. 652. conjoined with bitterness and con-osive imta- sonal hatred Swift attacked Drydcn.
Godwin, Tlie Enquirer, p, :t79.
acrecencia' (Sp. pron. S-fa'a-then'the-ii), II. tion aoriduess. ;

[Sp., = E. accrescence, q. v.] Increase augmen- Acridium (a-krid'i-um), n.

The orators of the opposition declared against him
[NL.; also -nritten
;
with great animation and asperity.
tation ; growth accretion. Jlore specifically, the improp. -Jcc^rfii; <Gr. mpidiov, dim. of iiKpiq,
;
Macaulay, Hist, Eng,, v.
enhancement of the portions of one or more of several heirs,
legatees, etc., resulting when the others do not accept or
a locust: see Jem.] leading genus of grass- A He that by harshness of nature and arbitrariness of
are incapable of sharing the inheritance. I'sed in the law hoppers, giving name to the famil.v Acrididw. conuuands uses his cliildren like servants is what they
adv. Witli shai-p or ii-ritat- mean by a tyrant. Sir W. Temple.
of parts of the United States originally settled by Span- acridly (ak'rid-li),
iards.
Severity, gi-adnally hardening and darkening into mis-
iug bitterness. anthropy, characterizes the works of Swift.
acrecimiento (Sp. pron. a-kra-the-me-en'to), n. acridness (ak'rid-nes), n. The quality of being Macaulay, Addison.
[Sp., <ocrc(:c)- E. accrcsce, q. v.] =
Same as acrid or pungent. The Dean [Swift], the author of all the mirth, preserves
acrcceiwi/i. acridophagUS (ak-ri-dof'a-gus), .; pi. acridojjli- an invincible gravity and even sourness of aspect,
acted (a'kerd), a. Possessing acres or landed aiji (-ji). [XL,,< Gr. ttKpt6o^dyo^,<. anpi^ (oKpiS-), a
Macaulay, Addison.
property used chiefly in composition
: as, :
locust (see Acris), ipaydv, eat.] locust-eater. A To express themselves with smartness against the en-ors
of men, without bitterness against their pereons,
"manv-flcred men," Sir W. Janes, Speech on Tliey are still acridopharii, and even the citizens fiu- pre- Steele, Tatler, No. 242,
Ref. of Pari. fer a dish of locusts to the " fasikh," which act as ancho-
vies, sardines, and herrings in Egypt,
Xo authors draw upon themselves more displeasure
ile was not nnfrequently a son of a noble, or at least of than those who deal in political matters, which is justly
Ji. F. Burlvn, El-Medinah, p, 343,
an acred, house. The Nation, July 20, 1877, p. 58. incurred, considering that spirit of rancour uni\ cindence
Acridotlieres(ak''''ri-do-the'rez), n. [NL.(Vieil- with wliicli works of this nature aijound, Addison.
acre-dale (a'ker-dal), n. [< acre+ dak-^= deal^,
lot, 1816), < Gr. ajcp/f {anpid-), a locust, Ot/pav, + They hate to mingle in thejilthy fray.
a share.] Land in a common field, different
hunt or chase, < 6//pa, a himting, the chase.] A Where tile soul sours, and gradual rancour grows,
parts of which are held by different proprietors. Imbittered more from peevish day to day.
notable genus of old-world sturnoid passerine Thomson, Castle of Indolence, i, 1
[Prov. Eug.] ,',

birds, founded by Vieillot in 1S16 ; the minas

Acredula (a-kred'u-lS), H. [L., an imknoTNTi or mina-birds, several species of which ai-e
Acris (ak'ris), n. [NL., < Gr. uKp!( (anptS-), a
bird, variously guessed to be a thrush, owl, locust (L. (irylliis).']
among the commonest and most characteristic the family Hijlida:
genus of tree-frogs of A
nightingale, or lark.] Agenus of titmice, fam- Acris nryllus, a chaiacteristie ex-
birds of India and zoologically related coun- ample, is common in the Tniteii States, its hmd rattling
ily i'm/', founded by Koch in 1816, character-
tries. They resemble and are allied to starlings, A. tri^tis pipe being heard everywhere in the spring, DunUril and
ized by the great length of the tail. Acredula is a leading example. The species have often been re- mtn'on.
caudata, the t}7e of the genus, is the common long-tailed ferred to the Cuvierian genus Gracutus (which see), Crido- acrisia (.a-kris'l-il), n. [NL., < Gr. ctKpiaia, want
titmouse or European hottle-tit (which see). A, rosea is there^ is an en-oneous form of Acridotheres, apparently
another species, originating with Cuvier,
of judgment, the undecided character of a
acremant (a'ker-man), n. [< JIE. alierinan, < acrimonioas (ak-ri-mo'ni-us), a. [=F. ocri- disease, < aKpiro^, inidecided, imdiscernible, < a-
AS. (I <</;; <ofre, a field, + man.'] Afarmer; iiionicux =
Pg. acrimoninso, < ML. ncrimoniosii^; jiriv. +
Kpirdc, sejiarated, distinguished, < Kpiveiv,
one who cultivates the fields. E. D. < L. acrimonia, acrimony.] 1. Abounding in
separate, distinguish, judge : see crisis and
acrembolie (ak-rem-bol'ik), a. [< Gr. anpoi;, at acrimony oraeridness; acrid; corrosive. [Now critic] condition of disease such as to render A
the top, + embolic, q. v.] Introversible by in- rare.] prognosis impossible or unfavorable absence ;

trusion of the apex; withdrawn by a sinking in If gall cannot be rendered acriuwnious and bitter of of determinable or favorable symptoms,
of the tip applied to the everted proboscis of itself, Harvey, Consumption. acrisy (ak'ri-si), n. [< acrisia.] 1. Same as
:

certain animals, as rliabdocoelous planariaus 2. Figuratively, severe; bitter; virulent; caus-

acrisia. 2. Injudiciousness. [Rare.]
and sundry gastropods opposed to acrecbolic. :
tic; stinging: applied to language, temper, Acrita (ak'ri-ta), ii.pl. [NL,,< Gr. ciKpira, neut.
The acrembolie proboscis or frontal introvert of the pi. of anpiroc, undiscemible, indiscriminate see :
etc.
Nemertine worms has a complete range, The
factions have the cunning to say, that the bitter-
acri.^ia.] A name originally proposed for that
. R. Lankcfler, Encyc. Brit., XVI, 652. ness of their spirit is o\ving to the harsh and acrimonious group of animals in which no distinct nervous
[< acre, a field. + system exists or is discernible, it thus included,
acre-shott (a'ktr-shot), 11. treatment they receive, Ames, "Works, II. li;{.
.v/|.y^ proportion, reckoning: see co^ and sliot.] If we knew the man, we should see that to return an l)csides all of the Proto:on. such as the acalephs, some
arriutonious answer would be the most ridiculous of all of the J*otypi/era, certain Kntozoa, the rohfyufttrica. etc.
A Ioi'.tI land-tax or charge, Dnrjdale. possilile modes of retort, Whipple, Ess, and llev., I, 139, The name lias liccn cniiiioyi'd liy dillerent 'writers with
acre-Stafft (a'ki-r-staf), [< . (icrr, a field, -I- varying iiitiliide of sigiiilhalion. Imt is now disused, ex-
used to clear the colter acrimoniously In an
(ak-ri-mo'ni-us-li), adv.
*'"#] -"^ plow-staflT, cept as a (loos,) syniiiiym of I'rofocfin and otlicr low f<u-ms
acrimonious manner; sharply; bitterly; pim- of the Cuviel'ian lioillntu, since it iiiis Iicen sliown to apply
or cutter of the plow when clogged with earth.
gently. to no natui'al group of animals. See Cryptoneura. Also
Also spelled alcer-sUiff. incorrectly writleii .Icrlles, after the Fre'neh,
acrimoniousness (ak-ri-mo'ni-us-nes), n. The
Where the Husbandman's Acre-xta^T and the .Shepherd's state or quality of being acrimonious. acritan (ak'ri-tan), a. [See Acrita.2 Of or be-
hook are, as in this County, in State, there they engross longing to the Acrita.
all to themselves. Fuller, Worthies, 501,
acrimony (ak'ri-mo-ni), . [ F. m(0i> = =
Sp. Pg. It. acrimonia, < L. acrimonia, shai-pness, acrite (nk'rit), . Same as acritan.
I.

acrid (ak'rid), a. and

[First in 18th century
h. pungency, austerity, < acer {acr-), sharp, ptin- acritical (a-krit'i-kiil), a. [< (Jr. a- jiriv. crit- +
< L. iiccr, rarely acrii; ncrus (> F. dcrc Sp. Pg. = gent: sco acrid and arid.] 1. .\cridity; har,sh- ical ; I'g, iicritico, not critical. Of. Gr. iapiTog,
It. acre), shai7), pungent ; with termination due nessor extreme bitterness of taste; pungency; iindercc(.vm.] In palhol. : (a) Having no crisis:
to the kindred L. acidun, shai-p, soiu' : sec acid."] coiTosivoness, [Now rare.] as, an acritical abscess. (/') (Jiving no indica-
La. 1. Sharp or biting to the tongue or in- Those milks (in certain plants] have all an acrimony, tions of a crisis: as, acritical sTOiptoms.
teguments; bitterly pungent; irritating: as, though one would think tliey should be lenitive, acritochromacy (ak''''ri-t6-kro'ma-si), M. [<
acrid salts, ,\erld substances arc those which excite in ISnevn, .Nat, Hist,, 0311. acritiH-liromatic: see -acij.] Inability to distin-
the ork'ati.-i of t.ijite a sensation of pinigcncy and heat, and 2. Figuratively, sharpness or severity of tem- guish between colors; color-blindness; achro-
wh,ri a|iiili> ! I"i the skin irritate ami Intlunie it. Acrid
poison-!, including those also called corrosive nnti escha- per; bitterness of expression proceeding from matopsia.
rollc, arc those which irritate, corrode, *ir the parts bum anger, ill nature, or iietulance ; virulence. From imperteet observation and the diltleulty experi-
t<i which they an: appllcil, producing an intense burning enced In lonimiinicating Intelligently with tlie Eskimo, I
Acriuionif of voice and gesture,
cntatlon, and acute pain in the alimentary canal. They was unable to determine whether acritochromacy existed
Jlji. Ilackel, I.ifc of Alip, Williams,
hiclude concenlralcil acids and alkalis, compounds of mer- among them to any great extent.
In his olllcial letters he expressed with glvut (irWrnoni/ Arc. Cruise of the Corwin, 1881, p, 24.
cury, arenlc, copper, etc.
his contempt for the king's character and uiulcrstanding.
The acrid little jela of smoke which escaped from the Mucaulaif, Hist, I'.ng., xii. acritochromatic (ak'ri-to-kro-mat'ik), a.
Joints of hia l<,ve from time to time aiuKiycd hlni. |<(ii-. nkpiTiu; nut distinguishing (sec n('W,'/a),
Aciimony of the humors, an hnaglnary ncrhl change
ItmrelU, A Modern Instam'e, ill, of the bloiHl, lynij)h, etc,, which by the Inimorlsls was -t- xpiliiiair-), color,] Characterized by or af-
2. Plgiirativolv, severe; virulent; violent; conceived to cause many diseases, Itumjlimu. Syn, 2. fected witli acritocliromacy; unable to distin-
Acrivumi/, Aitperitu, Harshness, .Sect ritfi, I'arluess, .Sour-
(ttinspng: ns, 'VktW temper," Cowjier, f'harity. giiisli bclAveen colors,
ncjts, BiUerness, Virulence, Hancor, acerbity, crabbedncss,
U. n. 1. An acrid poison : as, "a jiowcrful irascibility. (See harshness.) These words ex press dillVr- acritude (nk'ri-tiid), n. [< L, acriliido, sharp-
nrrid," r'ereirri, Mat. Slod. 2. One of a class ent degrees of severe feeling, language, or conduct, Ibdr ness, < an r, sliarp : see acrid. acrid qual- | An
''f " ''^tiinceg supposed by th(! liumor- signification being detcrinineil largi-lv by their derivatiun il.v; bitter pungency biting heat, [Kare,];

i'*'- '111' humors,

and primary use. Tartness is the inildcst term, applying
generally to language; it Implies some witorquickncHs ,>r acrityf (nk'rj-ti), )(, [After I', dcrctt', < I,, acri-
acrl'l; 'l-iii, )i. /)/. [NL., 1)1. of Arrid- mind, and perhaps a wlIllngTiess to display It, As tartness 1(1(1- )s, airis, sharp: see
<. acrid.] Sharimess;
""" ^ "f the grasshopjicr family, or Is tin; subacid i)Uulity of mind, so acrimonit Is Us acidity keen severity; strictness.
;

"i' It is a biting sharpness; it nniy or may nr)l proceed from

If, coiiHiiiered without sjiccial The nerity of prudence, and si'Verity <d judgment.
! a nature permanently soured, .s',^iir/Kls the Anglo-Saxon
n-f'f : . its i.iiik olasHiflcntion.
ill Also A. Goryes, tl-, of Bacon, I)e Sap, Vet., xvlll,
for ficn'finot.i/, with iniu'c suggestion of permanent <iuallly -
cnllr. I /,.,/,,. s, ,.
Irndidir. sourness otliiok or language proceeding fnun a sour nature. aero-. [I J., etc., <Gr. (iKpo; combining form of
aciidian ,
,i. imd . I, . Uolong- ttifiernrss, which Is founded upon akiniired (Igiire. is sour- iikpm;, at the fiirlhc'st point or end, terminal,
'" ! uess with a touch of rancor; it Isnnu-e nositivc and aggres-
ii'l,' Iindidir. I'xireme, nighrst, to)ini<isl, oulerinosi neut.
hIm'. .Sourness and Ititicrness coulidu li-ss niallgullv than ;

11. ". '

.i.ri.lin, " " /M'. I'lrrifrHr,' rises lo a high dcgli'e,o( luallgidty, ('iiipnv, the liig.ii'Sl or furthest jioint, toji, peak,
Acrldid.f, AcridildaR (a-krid'i-<le, nk-ri-<li'i- ill,. ,.,,.., t,, Biirh a llc-lghl as al
I si (o break down s.if summit, lieadland, end, exirciiiily fein. I'lKpa, :
'.
d<'i, .. fNI,..'' h,.,n,jm,,triidi-iim,+-idii:'\ ..,,(t,..t II,,. wluih- iialnri- i. envenomed, rancid. 'I'ltcse
.

W'l
('(|niv. Id I'ikpnv. Cf. I'lid/, a point, edge, and see
f M ' iM-viT a[>|,li<'ii lo i'oimIucI
t rt*7*rn'0/ and
'^ 'irtho|il.roiiH inHerts, ;

ho liililidci illiHU a dllbuent llgnrc, ale nat-

aciil, etc.] In -oiil. and bot., an element of
'"'' short-honied
I

i^ruxs- ui
lapplli'd. Mil V cinvi'V thcldenolrougl). many coin]>ounds of Greek origin, referring to
ho|.| , le({Hliti.-,| liy .iilartfc- 'I' ii .l.y.Ti/v I. lii.lluliler of thi' two; it Is (he I")!, lip, point, apex, stimmit, or edge of
""1 ! I'lipiiii-: ri-lale.l Id the o" ofmanner, tnei riiiiy lii> lliercsuliof anui'r nnylhing. In a few coni]i(iiinils aero- (acr-)
'ri'K uid lo iIm' long-lioraod
It i
edge than hor.*lioiss. Uarshncss Is the
i
'

mo"! iii'i Ml I'leulldui't. liiinamls, et*,, of all the list; impro|Mrly represents liiilin acer, acris, sharp,
KraaiiliopiK'ni itutl kiilydids (LuciiiUda;). It may priicced from liiseiiaiblllty to otiicn' foclliigs or puugeiil : iiH, acronarcotic, acrolein.
 :: :

acroama 55 acrodactylum
acroama (ak-ro-a'ma), . acrnamata (-am'-
;"
pi. walnut case-hearer, feedsupon walnut and hickory, fasten- acroceplialv Cak-ro-sof'a-li) n
[< Gr. uKpoj,
a-tii). [< (ir. tiKpdafia, anything heard, roeita- ing the leaves together and skeletonizing them fioiri base ,),,, \,\,,\,jl ;,, v,.,iV J.',.',
'

tn tip. .1. /;,,;; (Zeller) is a .omniou pest on apple- ""' '"'^ n '. ? '
/iEi,V// ;},
' '" head see :

tiou, < animuatlni, luai', pi'ob. akin to ii'A.VEiv,hear

trees, :ind is known as the aiiple-leaf crumpler.
'" ccpiiaitc]
ccjilialic.i form
term J?,"''^',.^
ot the
tno numan
human skull in which A
1. lihetorical deelaraation, as op-
see clu'iit.J
posed to argument.
acrobat (ak'ro-bat), n. [< F. acrobate Sp. tl"' vault is lofty or pjTamidal. =
Facciolati cxpaniled the argument of Paciiis
arriiljato =
Pg.' It. acrobata (cf. NL. Acrobates), Acrocera (ak-ros'e-rii), n. [NL., < Gr. aKpo;, at
. . . into a Gr. aKp6jia7i)r, walking on tiptoe, also going to
< tlio top or end, a horn.] A genus of
4- /cf/jaf,
special Acroama ; l)ut his eloquence was not more elf ec-
tho top, < aiipov, the highest point, top, summit, flies, founded by Meigcn, having the antennifc
tive tliaii the I'easoiiinj; of his predecessors.
Sir U\ IlainiUon, Discussions, p. 153. (iV. J?. 7>.) neut of oKfjor, highest, topmost,
. Pardc, verbal + on the summit of the forehead, the type of the
2. Oral iiistruetiou designed for initiated dis- adj. from jiaivciv, family Acroceriche (which see).
ciples only ; esoteric doctrine. See acroamatic. go, = E. come, q. Acroceraunian (ak"ro-se-ra'ni-an), . [< L.
acroamatic (aU'ro-a-mafik), L. acroama- a. [< v.] 1. A rope- AcriiccraiDiia, < Gr. 'Aitponepabvia, n. pi., < mpov,
ticHS, < Cir. (iKpoa/ia-iKoi:, designed for hearing dancer; also, one peak, summit, -t- nepavvwr, thunder-smitten, <
only, < aKpua/ja(T-), anything heard: see acro- who practises Kepavmc, thunder and lightning.] An epithet
(!/((.] Abstruse pertaining to deep learning high vaulting, applied to certain mountains in the north of
;

opposed to exoteric. Applied particularly to those tumbling, or oth- Epirus in Greece, projecting into the strait of
writings of Aristotle (also termed esoteric) which possessed er feats of person- Otranto.
a strictly scientific content and form, as opposed to his
exoteric writings or dialogues, which were of a more
al agility. 3. A The thunder-hills of fear.
Tile .ieroeiraunian mountains of old name. Byron.
popular character. The former were addressed to "hear- species of the ge-
ers," that is, were Intended to be read to his disciples or nus Acrobates. Acroceridse (ak-ro-ser'i-de), n. pi. [NL.,< Acro-
were notes written down after his lectures hence the ; Acrobates (ak- cera + -ida;.} A
family of dipterous insects,
epithet acroamatic. All the works of Aristotle which we rob'a-tez), ii.
belonging to the section or suborder Brachycera,
possess, except a few fragments of his dialogues, belong to having autemiaj with few joints, and to the
[NL.;'< Gr. as if
this class. See esoteric. An equivalent form is acruatic.
*a/cfio,iar?/f, equiv. Tctracha'U-i; the division of the lirachi/ccra in
We read no acroatiiatic lectures.
which the number of pieces comi)osing the
Hales, Golden Remains. to aKp6flaTor see :

Acroamatic proof or method, a scientific and strictly acrobat.'] A genus haustellum is four, it was established by Leach in
demi>nstrative i>niof or method. 1819, and is typified by the genus Acrocera (which see).
or .subgenus of
acroamatical (ak"ro-a-mat'i-kal), (I. Of an ac- marsupial quad- acrochirismus (ak-ro-ld-ris'mus), n. [Gr.
roamatic or abstruse character; acroamatic. rupe<lsofthefam- wrestling with the hands, < uKpo-
ciKpoxeiptG/jijc,

Aristotle was wont to divide his lectm-es and readings ily Plialangistida;
Xmpii^eiv,wrestle with the hands, seize with
into acroantatical and exoterical. Hates, Golden Remains. the hands, < aicpu\eip, later form for anpa x^'Pi
peculiar to Aus-
Opossum-mouse of New South Wales the (tei-minal) hand aupa, fern, of aKpog, at the
acroamatics (ak"ro-a-mat'iks), n. pi. [PI. of tralia. It is rehated {Acrobaies J>y^tncEus),
:

(leroaiiintic : see -fcs.^ Aristotle's acroamatic to retauruft. and in- end, terminal, extreme x^'P: hand.] In Gr. ;

writings. See acroamatic. Also called acro- cludes such pygmy petaurists as the opossum-mouse, Acro- antiq., a kind of wrestling in wliieh the an-
bates piiintiit'u.i, one of the most diminutive of marsupials, tagonists held each other by the wrists. Also
atics.
being liiir.lly larger th.an a iiiuuse. Like various other so-
acroasis (ak-ro-ii'sis), n. [L., < Gr. uKpoaai^, a spelled acroclieiriumvs.
called Hying (|U,adrupeds, the
hearing or leetiu'e, < anpoaadm, hear : see acro- _ . ;J';;lounrd by'DesrS acrochord (ak'ro kord), n. l< Acroclwrdas, q.
ama.'\ An oral discourse. m 1820.
.

Also written Acrobata. v.J A

snake ot the genus Acrochordus.
acroatic (ak-ro-at'ik), [< L. acroaticus, < Gr.
a. acrobatic (ak-ro-bat'ik), a. [^='F. acrobatique, acrochordid(ak-ro-k6r'did), h. snake of the A
axpoariKOf, of or for hearing, < aKpoari/^, a hearer, <Gr. aKpoiianicoc, fit for climbing, < inpoSanc: ^i^^^^J ^ei'ochorduke ; a wart-snake.
i aKpodcBai, heav: see acroama.'] Same as a/'0- see acrobat.l Of ck pertaining to an acrobat Acrochordldae (ak-ro-ko_r'di-de),
^
n.pl. [KL.,
amatic. or his performances as, acrobatic feats acro- : ;
< Acrochordus +
-ida.] family of viviparous A
acroatics (ak-ro-at'iks), n. j)?. Same as acroa- batic entertainments. ophidian reptiles of the aglyphodont or colu-
matics. Made his pujiil's brain nntnipulate brine division, which contains ordinary in-
. . . the whole ex-
Acrobasis (ak-rob'a^sis), . [NL., <Gr. uKpov, traiirdinary latalngnc of an American young lady's school nocuous serpents. The typical genus is Acrochordus,
curriculum, with acraliatie containing A. javanicu.^:, a large, stout-bodied, and very
skill.
the top or end, -t- fiaaa;, a going. Cf. acrohat.~\
E. short-tailed serpent of Java, some S feet long, the entire
H. Clarke, .Sex in Education, p. 71.
body of which is covered with small or tubercular
acrobatical (ak-ro-bat'i-kal), as ac- scales, not imbricated, as is usual granular
a. Same With its
in the order.
robatic. [Rare.] sullen eyes and swollen jaws, it presents a very savage
acrobatically (ak-ro-bat'i-kal-i), adv. In the appearance. The family contains two other genera o{
manner of an acrobat ; with acrobatic skill or wart-snakes, Chersydr\is and Xenodm'mus.
dexterity. acrochordon (ak-ro-kor'dgn), n. ; pi. acrochor-
acrobatism (ak'ro-bat-izm), . [< acrobat doites (-do-nez). [L., < Gr. aKpoxop^oiVj a wart +
-ism.] The performance of acrobatic feats; with a tliin neck, < uKpov, top, end, x'>P^'/, a +
the profession of an acrobat. string see chord.]
: A
small filiform iibroma-
Acrobrya (ak-rob'ri-a), n. pi. [NL. nent. pi. of ,
tous outgrowth of the skin, often becoming
acrobri/iis: see aerobri/ous. Ct. Acramphibrija.] bulbous at the end a hanging wart.;

A term used by Endlicher as a class name for Acrochordus (ak-rg-kor'dus), n. [NL., < Gr.
plants gi'owing at the apex only; the higher aKpov, top, end, +
xl'^'ly a string see acrochor- :

cry|)togams equivalent to acrogens.

:
don.] A
genus, of wart-snakes typifjTng the
acrobryous (ak-rob'ri-us), a. [<"NL. acrobrtjiis, family Acrochordidw (which see). Hornstedt.
< Gr. I'lKpiir. at the end, + jiphov, a flower.] In Also ivritten Acrocordus. i^haw.
;

liot., grow',ing at the apex only 'of the nature of AcrocinUS (ak-ro-si'nus), w. [NL., < Gr. anpov,
Acrobnia. ^'^"' extremity, -I- mveiv, move.] genus of A
Exemplifications of Acrobasis. longieom beetles, of the family Cerambi/cidw
a, leaflets by larva of A. jit^landis (walnut case-
attacked Acrocarpi (ak-ro-kiir'pi), n. pi. [NL., pi. of
bearer) *. case of larva; c, vrtnzs of A. ttebulo; d. wings of A.
;
acrocarpuSr see acrocarpous.] In bot., a di- so called by Dliger from having a movable
jHglandis ; e, wings of A. ttdbulo var. spine on each side of the thorax, a. longimanus,
vision of the mosses, containing the genera in
the harlequin-beetle of .South America, is the type. It is
A genus of moths belonging to the Phyeidw, which the capsule tei-minates the growth of a 2^ inches long, with antenna) 5 and fore legs alone 4
a family founded by Zeller in 1839. The larva! primary axis. inches in length.
skeletonize leaves, forming for themselves silken tubes, acrocarpous (ak-ro-kar'pus), a. [<NL.crocflr- (ak-ro-klin'i-um), n. Acroclinium
[NL. (with
either straight or crumpled. A. juglandis (Le Baron\ the pus, < Ur. iiKpoKapnoq, fniiting at the top, < (i/i^oof, the acutely conical receptacle), < Gr. ref. to
at the end or top, + KaptzoQ, troit.] In bot., hav- a/cpoji, top, peak, -I- K?.tvr/, couch.] generic A
ing the fi'uit at the end or top of the primary name retained by florists for a composite plant
axis applied to mosses.
: from the Cape of Good Hope, more properly
The flower of ;Mosscs either terminates the gi-owth of a classed as Helipterum roseum. It has immor-
primary axis {Aetnearpuas Mosses), or the flower is ^^ flowers, with scarious colored bracts.
telle-like . . .

phiceil at the end of an axis of the second or third order

ArropnTnia Tnt-i-o kn'm\ a1
(Pleurocarpous ^losses). Cactus, Botany (trans.), p. 319.
StUTiL^.. "^ n.
..,,
__
[NL.,<Gr. aKp6-
Koiioq, with leaves at the top, tufted with leaves, <
-

acrocephalic (ak"ro-se-farik or ak-ro-sef 'a-lik), d/fpof, at the top, -1- ko//?/, a tuft, hah-: see coma".]
a. In ethitol., pertaining to or characterized by
genus of tropical American palms, allied to
acrocephaly; high-skulled: as, acrocejihalicmen the cocoa-palm, with
A
a tall prickly ti-unk, some-
or tribes. times swollen in the middle, bearing a tuft of
acrocephaline (ak-ro-sef'a-lin), a. [< Aa-oce- very large pinnate leaves,
a. sclcrocarim is widely
phalits + -inc.] In o'rnith., resembling a bird of distributed through South .\merica, and yields
a small
the genus Acrocephalus in the character of the round fruit with thin, sweetish pulp and an edible kernel.
bill: said of certain warblers. Henry Seciohm. The young leaves are eaten as a vegetable, and a sweet,
fragrant oil is extracted from the nuts, which is used as
Acrocephalus (ak-ro-sef'a-lus), n. [NL., < Gr.
an emollient and in the manufacture of toilet-soaps. See
aKpov, hero used in the mere sense of point, in macaw-tree.
" "
ref. to the biU these V^j'^^^''"
'ill of these^ birds, /cf^iia;^;/, bead.]
head.|' + acrocyst (ak'ro-sist), n. [< Gr. ao-pof, at the
1- i,] 1... AT...
In ornith., a genus- -*of 1birds '^^f"'^'!^
founded by Nan- top, -H /vw-jf, bladder, bag, pouch: see c/y(.] In
mann in ISll to embrace old-world warblers of gooL, an external sac which in some hydroids
the subfamily S'v?c((a'/ the reed-warblers, it is is formed upon the summit of the gonangium,
a weil-ni:akid -rnti[) of 12 or 15 species, distinguished by where it constitutes a receptacle in which the
acoInparati^^ly large bill, depressed at base and acute at
tip, with moderately developed rictal bristles, a very small ova pass through some of the earlier stages of
spurious first primary, a rounded tail, and more or less their devrlopment. Allman.
uniform brownish plumage. It is related to /"/si/^ioscoy/i/s, aCrodactyluJll (ak-ro-dak'ti-lum), )(. ; pi. ncco-
Apple-leaf Crumpler {Acrobasis indiginttla). Locuaelta llnpolais.ete. A typical species is the aquatic dactula (-la). [NL.,'<Gr. Q^pof, at the top, -f-
a. CISC, containing caterpillar: *. cases in winter; c, head and
reed-warblei-, .!. (f'VMd/tctw. Most of the species of this r. -^.i ^ -'j. .K ^ .'-^'-T
oa/iTu/tof, a digit: see dactyl.]
.,, ^*.i
In ormth., the
' ,

thoracic jomts of larva, enlarged ; d, moth ( the cross shows natural genus ;tre iiii;;ratory and their molt is double. See Caia-
size). modyta and reed-warbler. upper smUace of a bird's toe. [Little used.]
 ' ;: ;

acrodont 56 acropodium
acrodont (ak'ro-dont), . anil a. [< NL. acro- rest being generally of wood, and covered with acromyodian (ak"ro-mi-d'di-an), a. and . [<
doii(l-), < Gr. axpor, at the end or edge, odoif +
either textile drapery or thin plates of metal. Acromijiidi.] I. a. Of or pertaining to the
(o(5oiT-) =
E. tooth.] I. . One of those lizards The name w;is also applied to figures of ordinary stone of Acromyodi : having
which the heads and extremities were formed of marble, muscles of the sji-inx which
that arrangement of the
which have the teeth attached by their bases as iu some of the tvell-known metopes of Selinus, Sicily. characterizes the
to the edge of the jaw, -without bony alveoli on Acromyodi : as, an acromyodian bird.
acrolithan (a-krol'i-than), a. Sa-ne as aero-
either the inner or the outer side. litJiic.
II, 11. One of ihe Acromyodi.
n. a. 1. Pertaining to or resembUng an acrolithic (ak-ro-lith'ik), a. Of the nature of aeromyodic (akro-mi-od'ik), a. [< Acromy-
acrodont ; having that arrangement of the teeth an aerolith : formed like an acrolith : as, an ae- odi.] Same as acromyodian.
which characterizes an acrodont : as, an aero- rolitliie statue. acromyodous (ak-ro-mi'o-dus), a. Same as
acroniyodiiiii.
acrologic (ak-ro-loj'ik), a. [< aerology -t- -ic]
f> -f Pertaining to aerology; founded on or using aeronarcotie (ak ro-nar-kot'ik), a. and n. [< L.
acris, sharp, pungent (see acrid), -f narcotic.]
iuitials; using a sign primarily representing a
wortl to denote its initial letter or sound: as, I. a. Acting as an irritant and a narcotic.

acrologic notation ; acrologic names. II. . One of a class of poisons, chiefly of

vegetable origin, which imtate antl inflame the
The twenty-two names [of the Semitic letters] ai-e aero-
loiric ; that is, the name of each letter begins tvith that parts to which they are applied, and act on the
letter. Isaac Taylor, The Alphabet, I. Iti?. brain antl spinal cord, producing stupor, coma,
paralysis, and convulsions. Also called nar-
acrological (ak-ro-loj'i-kal), a. Same as oero-
cotieo-acrid or narcotieo-irritant.
loi/ic.
(ak-ro-loj'i-kal-i), adv. In an ac- acronic, acronieal, a. See acronychal.
acrologically
rologic- maimer ; by means of aerology. Isaac acronotine (ak-ro-no'tin), (7. [< -ieronofH,'!.] In
:ool., pertaining to the subgenus Acronotus.
Tai/lor.
SkuU of a Lizard ( yaranus) with Acrodont Dentitioo.
[< Gr. axpof, at the
AcronotUS (ak-ro-no'tus), . [NL., < Gr. aapov,
a, articular bone of mandible ; f, coronoid bone of do, ; rf. dentary aerology (a-krol-'o-ji), .
the liighest point, -1- i-urof, back.] 1. sub-A
bone of do.;/, frontal:/^, prefrontal : /", postfrontal; /, lacrymal end, -I- -7.0) ia, < liysiv, speak : see -ology.] The
m. malar i:r. maxilla : . nasal <. otic /, parietal ; //, pterygoid genus of ruminating animals fotind in Africa.
use of a pictm-e of some object to represent
: ; ;

^r, columella ; /r", trans\'erse bone ; /x. premaxilla y, quadrate ;

Damalis (Acronotus) bubalus is the tj-jie. Ham.
alphabetically the first part (letter or syllable)
sg, squamosal.
of the name of that object.
Smit/i, 18:27.
2. A genus of beetles.
rfonilizard; acrorfont dentition. 2. Having the See acrophoinj.
Aeronuridse (ak-ro-uii'ri-de), Ji. 2>l. [< Acronti-
characters of the Aerodonta, or heterodontoid A polysyllabic language did not lend itself so readily as
the Chinese to this solution. According to Halevy, the
riis -H -idle.] A
family of sjiiny-finneil fislies,
fishes. dilficulty (of effecting the transition from itieograms to
referred Vty Giinther to his Acontliojderygiicotto-
AcTOdonta (ak-ro-don'ta), . ;>?. [NX. see :
phonograms] was overcome by the adoption of the power- scondiriforme.'i, having one dorsal with several
(irriidoiit.'] A for a group or
name proposed ful principle of Aerology. spongy sjiines anteriorly, one or more bony
suborder including the heterodontoid and re- Isaac Taylor, The Alphabet, I. 43. spines on each side of the tail, and the teeth
lated sharks, which have the lialato-ijuadiate aerometer (a-krom'e-ter), n. [< Gr. axpof, at compressed, truncate or lobate, and closely set
apparatus disarticulated fiom the cranium, the the top, -t- liirpov, a measure.] An instrument in a single series. The species are known as liarhci--
deutigerous portions enlarged, and the mouth for indicating the specific gi-a-vity of oil. See .lisli and surgeons. The family is also calletl vlcitnt/iio'i-
ilir and T>'iiifiiitii1(e. See these tvords,
inferior. The only liting representutives .trt- the lieto- oleometer.
riHluutids (Port Jackson shark, etc.), but the e-xtinct forms acromia, n. Pltiral of acromion. Aeronurus (ak-ro-nii'rus), . [NL., appar. ir-
<Gr. aKpov, extremity, + orpa, tail.] A for-
aru imnu-rous.
acromial (a-kro'mi-al), a. [< acroiiiioii.] In reg.
acrodynia (ak-ro-din'i-a), n. [NL., < Gr. oKpor, (iiKit., relating to the acromion Acromial pro- mer generic name of small fishes now known to
at the extremity, + oivvi/, pain.] An epidemic cess. See amiwiofi. Acromial thoracic artery. .See be the yoimg of species of Acanlhurus (whicli
disease characterized by disturbances in the ai-rumiothoracii'. see).
alimentary canal (vomiting, colic, dian'hoa), by aeromiocla-yicular (a-kro"mi-0-kla-vik'u-liir). aeronyeh (a-kron'ik), a. [Also written acronyc,
nervous symptoms (especially pain in the ex- . [<NL. c)-oi(OH -I- c/nncH/rt, clavicle.] Per- acronic, and aclironie, by confusion with adjec-
tremities), sometimes by cramp or antesthesia. taining to tho acromion and the clavicle Acro- tives in -ic and with chronic and Gr. xi"^'"":-
and l)y a dermatitis affee'tingthe hands and feet. mioclavicular articulation, tlie j'lint between the col- time; F. aeroiiyqiie =Sp. acronicto, acrdnico =
acrogen (ak'ro-jen), H. [< Gr. anpoc, at the top, lar-bniH- and tin- sii..iii.lci--iihulc.- Acromlocla-vlcular
ligaments, ni/n-nur and iii.ji'i-iiir. two lliirous bauds which
Pg. aeronico, achronico =
It. acronieo, < Gr. =
+ -7"'';!", -bom, produced: see -f/en and ficiuis.i join the acr-'iiiiiiM and the clavicle. (IKIWVV\UC, also (IKpol'VKTOg and ilKpovi'KTtn^, at
An aerogenous plant. The acrogens (onu a divisi<iii acromiodeltoideus (a-kr6"mi-6-del-toi'de-us), nightfall, < unpoc, at the end or etlge, -I- i-i-f
of tlie Cnii/lo'/ainia. (liKlin;;ui.she<l front the thallogens by
n.; pi. acromiodcltDidci (-1). [NL., < aeromioii (i'i*T-) = K. night,] Same as acronychal.
their habits nf i^rowth iiiul innde of ilnprejnmtion. They
have tnie steins with leafy appendages (excepting: the rie- + Gr. rftAroEd'vf, deltoid.] A muscle of some acronyehal (a-kron'i-kal), a. [Also written
cia-s and inarchantias), and the embryonic sac is impreg- animals, extencling from the acromion to the aeronycal, acronieal, etc., asaeronych ; < aeronyeh
nated by the spermatozoids. They are divided into two deltoid ridge of the humerus, con'espondiiig to -(- -/.] In a.stron., occumng at sunset: as, the
^oilps (a) tliose comiM.sed wholly of cellular tissue, the
;

and (b) those in which an

acromial jiart of the human deltoid muscle. acronychal rising or setting of a star: opposed
charas, liverworts, and mosses ;

vascular tissue is present, the ferns, horsetails, pilhvorts. aeromion (a-kro'mi-on), .; ]3l. acromia (-ii). to cosmicat Acronychal place or observation, the
and clubraosses. The age Of acrogens, in //III., till- [NL.,<<lr. I'lKpufiim; n by-form oi aicpuiiia, the jdace or observation of a planet at its opposition so :

Carboniferous era, when acrogens were the characteristic ailed because iu an c.-irly state of astl-onoiiiy the opposi-

point of the shoulder-blade, < ukimi;, at the toji tion of a planet was known by it.s acronychal rising.
vegetable forms.
or end, -I- I'l/'oc, the shoulder with tho uiiiui-
acrogenic (ak-ro-jen'ik), a. Relating or pertain- arm, akin to L. Hmo-H.s see liiimerii.':.] In aiiiil., acronyehally (a-kron'i-kal-i), adr. In an acron- .-

ing to the acrogens. ychal manner; at sunset. A star is said to rise and
tho distal end of the spine of the scapula oi- mI iu-n>iiifi-/ui!fif when it rises or sets as the sliu sets.
That, under fit conditions, an analogous mode of growth
will weur in fronds of the acroifunic type, ... is shown
shoulder-blade. in man it is an enlarged prmess. acronyetOUS (alj-nVnik'tus), o. [<Gr. uKpvvi'H-
which, (U-iginating by an indcpenilciit center of tissillca-
by the ease of Jungennannia fureala.
tion, articulates with the distal end of the clavicle, and
rnr: si'C aeronyeh.] Same as acronychal.
II. Sprncer, I'rin. of Biol., 194.
gives attachment to jiart of the deltoid and trajK-zins aerook (a-knik'), jircj>.])hr. as adr. or a. [< ME.
aerogenous (a-kroj'e-nus), a. [As acrogen + muscles conimonly i-alled the afvaniial jiroci'ss, or ncre- acroke, < ', prep., on, + erol,-e, erook.] .\v\Ty
: :.

-<;iifi-.] Iiiirfa-iiiig by growtli at the summit or itiion process. Its rehitions arc the same in other inain- crookedly. [Now rare.]
iiials which have perfect clavicles. See cut under scaji-
by tcrrniiial buds only, as the ferns and mo.sses; Ida. Uumbre reniieth fyi-st a crooh out of the south side of
of till' nut lire of or pertaining to acrogens. York. Caxtoti, l>e8cr. Britain, p. 1'2.
The arroiniiin jiroccss forms the summit of tho . . .

acrography (a-krog ra-fi), . [< Ir. aiifwr, at the shoulder. <

Quain, Anatomy, I. This gear potli aerook. rdatl, Koister Doister, iv. 3.
.'}7.

top, -H -)()'^(n, < )/)(iH>oii, write: nvc graphie.'] A I.lbertic ys thing that women loke,
aeromiothoracic (a-kro 'mi-o-tho-ras'ik), a. [<
ytrocess for producing designs in relief on metal And truly cIs the mater is aeroke.
r, ttKin'jftiiii', shoulder, + thltpa^ (llufiaK-), t luirax.]
( 1
or stone through a ground of linely jiowdered Court o.f Loee. 1. :t7S.
Pertaining to the shoulder and thorax. Aero-
chalk, solidificii by hydraulic pressure into a miothoracic artery, a bianch of the axillary artel-t, acropetal (ak-rop'e-tal), a. [< Or. oupm; the top,
compact mass, a design is drawn on the slightly shin- siipjilyiug parts alu'tit the shoulder and breast. -(- It.jiilirr,
seek. C(. centripetal.] In /'l)^, de-
InK wliite MUrfaei- with ii lliiily poinUd briljih charged with acromiotrapezius (;i-kr6 ini-O-tra-pe'zi-us), . veloping from below upward, or from the base
n gliitliMius Ink, which, whi-n-ver it is applied, unites tin-
]il. iieriiiiiiiilriiiii .a (-\). [NL., < acromion -I- Irii- toward the ajiex basiftigal. ;
rartl. 1. r,f rli;ilk HO Ilnnly
.
that they remain staiuting in
' r the Intennediate whlttT spaces have been
-
}if:iiiH.] An intermediate crrvical iiortioii id' acropetally (ak-roii'e-tal-i), aitr. In an acrope-
T' apiece of velvet or alight brush. If the
. the trajiezius muscle, in spicinl relatiuii with ta) tiianiiei-.
iicri the appearaiK-e of an engraved wood
I'b-'' '
tho spine ot the scajmla and the acroniioii, be lalcial shoots which normally arise below the grow-
'I
'I' a fHilution of Mllica, u stereotype cast
forming a nearly distinct muscle in some aiii- ing apc\ of a inotlier-shoot are always arraligcd aerope-
I

*'' "py can be taken from it to be nsed for

'

pn ;,., mal.'t. tothi, like the leaves. .Saetis, llotauy (trans.), p. iri2.

acTOket, y"/'. phr. as adv. A Middle English aeromonogrammatic (ak*ro-mon'i">-gra-mat'- acrophonetlc (ak"ro-i>ho-iiet'ik), a. [<aeroph-
f'imi ot irrront:. ik), ". mill II. |<(ir. .'nyioi-, at the end, -i- /nnn- mni, alli'i- ]ilionclic,] Pertaining to aero]>hony
aCTol' i:. n/lo-iii), II.
'
[< |j, ficri.t, .Mliaq), j/iiiw//7oi-, consisting of oiii' letter: sec minin- (wliii-h see).
p" '"rl'l). + olere, mnf]i, + -ill.] A gramniatic.] A linn iipplii'il to a jinrliinl
acrophony (a-krof'9-ni), w. [< Gr. anpm:, at
' ! r,..,.[ CMaCMICOII,
liuviin; a ctmipositioii ill wliich cveiy verse begiiiH with Ihi' rijil, -(- -ifii.wln, < i/if.ii'//, sotiiiil.] In the de-
'i ly iiTitating odor, such the same IcItiriiH Hint with which the preceding velopiiioiil of al|>habi'lii' writing, the usi' of a
" 111' fluuii' of a ciiiidic
I verse ends. symbolic jiicture of an object or idea to repre-
*"' lid while the wick Htill Acromyodi (ak'ri>-ini-6'ili), .;>/. [NIi,,<Gr. sent plionetieall.v the initial syUable, or the
f^''" the allyl Hi-rlcH, ami Is nb
I
I'/ii/ior, at the end, + fni. miisi'lc, -(- i,'//, Hciiig.] initial sound, of tin- name of that object or
*" wlibh ni-id potnK'thim sill
'
A Huljorder or Hiijierfaniily of passerine binlK, idea; as in giving to tlie Kgyptian hieroglyph
P>"' id has n iwlibd. nlo by enilirai'ing the Osciiiis, or singing birds )iro|H'r.
I

lien. It bums with n clonr,

tor nrfcr, good, the )ilioiietic value of ne, its tirst
J"'
iniii... and iliaiactiTized by Imviiig the several iiitrin syllable, or of n, its lii-sl loiter. See aerologi).
acrollth sic syringeiil inilHcIeK iitliii'lied (o tlii' ends of
r.>.|lth), . [< L. croKfAi(.,<Or. acropodium (ak-ro-lin'ili-uni), 11.; Ti\. aeropo<\i(r,
niifa'i'/iii'i , III tho I'liih miule of
^
dtone, < I'lupof, tlie upper bronchial liulf-ringH: opposed to
(-jl). [' (ir, iii\piu;, ut the top, n-ori/oi', dim. of
fxtrnmi-, :it tl,<. 1,1, -f/iflof, n Htono.]
1
In dr.
MiHiimijiidi. riie grcnl nm)..rllj of the I'afrrrii are Tofr (toi1-) = K. /l)o^J 1. In aniit., the upper
ant4fj., II iil|iliiii liirtiro of which only the
I
AeromyiHU. \'\'i\y word Is iiIho ilsiil as nti ntljcctlve In (he
ctpri'wvlon t'lUMcres acromyinti, ci|iilvalont ti acrnmyv-
surface of (he whole foot. Urnndt: 2. In or-
hesu and <'Xtrinitii:H wore carved in Ktonu, the dian Pcutrrra.] ni7/i., soiiictiincH used h syronyiiioiis with iic-
 ; ;

acropodium
[Little used in either of these two
rodacti/him.
senses.]
3. In <"'(, an elevated pedestal bear-
ing a statue, partii-iilarly if raised from tlie
substructm-e on supports or feet the plinth of
a statue or other work of art, if resting on
JSd. GuiUaiimc.
foot.
(a-ki-op'O-lis), .[L., < Gr. aKpSTTohr,
acropolis
the ui)per city, < diiiiot:, highest, upper, iroA/r,
a city: see 2'olicc.'] The citadel of a Grecian
act
[In the exclamntion. "flood faith, across!" Shak., All's thing added to the end of a psalm or hymn, ai-
Well, ii. 1, the allusion is to striking an adversary cross-
wise with the spe.ir in lilting instead of by thrusting, the
a do.xology.
fdriiicr iieing roiisitlcred disgraceful.) acroter (ak'ro-ter), II. Same as acroteriuni.
; 2. From one side to another; transversely; in acroteral (ak'-ro-te'ral), a. Same as acroierial.
a transverse line: as, what is the distance acroteria, n. Plural of acrotcriimi.
across f I came across in a steamer. acroteriai (ak-ro-te'ri-al), a. [< acrotcriiim .]
At a descent into it [cavern of Vauclnse) of thirty or Pertaining to art acroterium: as, acroteriai or-
+ forty ((^'t fn.ni the brink where we stood was a po.d of naments. An equivalent form is acroteral.
Wider, i>erhai)s thirty feet across.
C. I). Warner. Roundabcmt .f onrncy, ii.

city, usually the site of the original settlement,

3. Adversely; contra rily as, "things go
and situated on an eminence commanding the
:

across," Mir. for Mays., p. 344

in IHtiini. to allow one's spear by awkwardness to be broken
To break across,
across the body of (Uie's adversary, instead of by the push
of the ijoint.
One said he brake across. Sir P. Sidney.
II. prep. 1 . side to side of, as opposed
From
to aliiiifi, which isin the direction of tlie length
athwart ;
quite over : as, a bridge is laid across
a river.
|The))oysl will go down on one side of the yacht . and . .

bob uji on tlie other, almost before you have time to run
across the deck. Ladjl JSrrasei/, Voyage of Sunlieam, I. ii.
2. Transverse to the length of; so as to inter- Acroteric.

4 sect at
other.
any angle as, a line passing acro.fs an-

3. Beyond; on the other side of.
:

<) love, we two shall go no longer

summer
Hypothetical restoration of the jj^itc of the A^ora of Athena

acroterium
Archc^etis at Athens.

(ak-ro-te'ri-um), ii. ; pi. acroteria

To lands of across the sea. (-ii). [L., < Gr. aupurr/pior, pi. aKpari/pta, any
Tennifson. Daisy,
topmost or iirominent part, the end or extrem-
Across lots, by the shortest way by a short cut.
; (Colloi).)
ity, in pi. the extremities of the body, the
To come across, to meet or fall in with.
ner'iss a real thinker, ... I enjoy the luxury
angles of a pediment, < aKpor, extreme.] 1.
If I .'.I,/,,,

of sitting still for a while as much as another. In classic arch., a small pedestal placed on the
0. \V. I/olincs, The Professor, i. apex or angle of a peiliment for the support of
acrosticl (a-kros'tik), M.andfl. [ = P. acrostielie a statue or other ornament. 2. (a) A statue
= Sp. Pg. It. acrostico, < Gr. aKpoarixiov, aicpo- or an ornament placed on such a pedestal, (b)
anxii:, an acrostic, < anpor, at the end, + crixoi;, .Any ornament forming the apex of a building
row, order, line, < arsixeiv (/ *c7Ti,v), go, walk, or other sti-ueture, or of a monument, such as-
march, go in lino or order, = AS. stiijan, E. sfy'^,
go up. The second element vcould prop, be
A.r..i..l -sticli, as in disficli ; it has been assimilated to
the common suffix -Jc] I. n. 1. A composition
sun'ounding country. When the city spread beyond in verse, in which the first, or the fii'st and last,
the acropolis was generally cleared of its
its earlier limits,
or certain other letters of the lines, taken in or-
inhabitants and held sacred to the divinities of the state,
whose temples were upon it. The acropolis of Athens der, form a name, title, motto, the order of the
contained the most splendid productions of Greek art, the alphabet, etc.
2. A Hebrew poem in which the
I'arthenon, the Erechthenni, and the Propylica. initial letters of the lines or stanzas were made
acrosarcum (ak-ro-sar'kum), II. pi. acrosarca ;
to run over the letters of the alphabet in their
(-kji). [NL., < Gr. aKfiur, at the end, capt + order. Twelve of the Psalms are of this charac-
(aii'pK-), flesh.] A
name given by Desvaux to a ter, of which Psalm cxix. is the best example.
berry resulting from an ovary with adnate c alyx, II. a. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or con-
iis in the currant and cranberry. taining an acrostic as, acrostic verses. :

acrosaurus (ak-ro-sa'rus), n. pi. dcrosaurl ;

acrostic-t (a-la'os'tik), a. [< across {cros.sed,
(-!".). [NL., < Gr.' anpoc, extreme, + travpoc, a cfosO, confused withr(cros?/cl.] Crossed; fold- ti'^:i&!ik
lizard: see &;.<.] An extraordinary fossil ed across crossing. [Eare.]
;
Acroterium. Choragic Monuraent of Lysicrates, Athens.
reptile, with 30 or 40 teeth and a broad cheek- But what niclanchtdy sir, with acro.'<tic arms, now
bone process, occmTing in the Triassio sand- comes? Middleton, Family of Love, iv. 4. the anthemia of Greek tombstones or the dee-
stones of southern Africa. acrostical(a-kros'ti-kal), a. Same as c(crosf(cl. orations of some modern architectural balus-
Acrosoma (ak-ro-so'mij), )(. [NL., <Gr. uKpov, [Rare or unused.] trades. Compart' aiitefu: Also called flcrofcr.
top, i)eak, extremity, + mt/jn, body.] genus A acrostically (a-kros'ti-kal-i), adr. In the man- acrothymion, acrothymium (ak-ro-thim'_i-on,
of orbitelarian spiders of the family lipeirkhe ner of an acrostic. -um), II.; pi. aerotlijiiiiiii (-ii). [NL.,< Gr. oKp-,
(or Gastracanihida), having the sides of the ab- acrosticism (a-kros'ti-sizm), n. [< acrostic'^ + at the top, + dl/ior, \hyrne: see thyme.] In
domen prolonged into immense horns, whence -ism.] Acrostic arrangement or character. patliol., a rugose wart, with a narrow basis and
the name. It Is a tropical genus with many (ak-ro-sto'li-um), 91. pi. acrostoUa broad top, compared by Celsus to the flower of
acrostolium ;

species. (-a). [NL., < Gr. aKpocrrd'Aiov, defined as the thyme. Also called tJi'jiiiiiis.
acrospire (ak'ro-spir), II. [Formerly aker-,
same as aip'Aaarov, L. aphistre, which, however, acrotic (a-krot'ik), a. [IiTeg. < Gr. anpori/i; an
iicker.fjiii-c; < d/i/iof, at the top,
Gr. nrre'ipa, a + referred to the stern of a ship (see apliisfre) extremity, < aKpoi;, extreme, at the top, on the
coil, spire, >L. spira, >E. spire, q. v.] The first also the gunwale of a ship, prop, the extremity surface.] hi patliol., belonging to or afi'ecting
leaf which rises above the ground in the ger- of the ship's beak < aicpoc, at the end, -t- cttu/mc,
; external surfaces as, acrotic diseases.
:

mination of grain ; also the rudimentary stem a shiji's beak, acrotism (ak'ro-tizm), II. [< Gr. o- priv. +
or first leaf which appears in malted grain the ;
an appendage, KpuTog, sound of beating, -f -ism.] In pattml.,
developed plumule of the seed. prop. arma- absence or weakness of the pulse.
acrospire (ak'ro-spir), r. i. pret. and pp. ncro-\ ment, equip- acrotomOUS (a-krot'o-mus), a. ["< Gr. linpum-
spired, ppr. acroxpirhiit. [Formerly aker-, (icker- me:it, < ort/.- fior, cut off, sharp, abrupt, < anpoc, extreme, at
spire ; from the noun'.] To throw out the first Am>, an-ange, the top, + -Touor, < riuveiv, cut.] In mineral.,
leaf ; sprout. equip.] An having a cleavage parallel to the top or base,
acrospired (ak'ro-spird), j). Having or exhib- a. ornament, of- acryl (ak'ril), ?(. [<aeiioleiii) -1/1.] + in clicm.,
iting the acrospire : especially, iu malf-malcinr/, ten gracefully a hypothetical radical (CH.2:CH.C0) of which
applied to the grains of barley which have ciu'ved and acrylic acid is the hydrate.
sprouted co far as to exliibit the blade or plu- elaborately acrylic (a-ki-il'ik), a. [< acri/l -f- -ic] Of or per-
mule-end, tof-ether with the root or radicle. carved, siu'moimting the bows of ancient ships.
acrospore (ak'ro-spor), II. [< Gr. a/cf)Of, at the These ornaments frecpiently figured among trophies, as it
taining to acryl
Acrylic acid, cHo:CH.Cijoh, a
pungent, agi'eeably smelling liipiid, ]iroduced by the oxi-
end, + ajropci, seed: see spore.'] Inbot., a form was customary for the victor in a naval combat to take dation of acrolein. This acid is monobasic, and its salts
them from the captured ships. are very soluble in watcr-
of fruit in I'eronospora, a genus of microscopic
(ak-ro-tiir'si-al), a. Of or pertain- Acryllium (a-kril'i-um), II. [KL., appar. < Gr.
fungi, borue at the ctils of erect simple or acrotarsial
ciKpov, extremity (with ref. to the pointed tail).
branching filaments of the mycelium. The term ing to the acrotarsium.
is also applied generally to the rcproiluctive organs of acrotarsium (ak-ro-tiir'si-um), II. pi. acrotar- dim. term. -v'/'Aiov.]
; +
notable genus of A
fungi when they are developed at the apex of the mother sia (-ii). [NL., < Gr. a/cpof, at the top, + rapcoc, guinea-fowls, family Xiimidida: The c,nly species
Mol., the head and upper
the sole of the foot: see tarsus.] 1. In
cell or spori iphore. is A. ridtarinoni of Africa. Iiaving
acrosporous (a-kros'po-ms), a. Having spores part of the neck nearly naked, the fore part of the b.>dy
the upper surface of the tarsus the instep of covered with elongated lanceolate feathers, and the tad
;

naked and produced at the tips of cells applied :

the foot.
2. In oriiitli., the front of the tarso- pointed with long acute central rectrices. The genus was
to one of the two modes in which fruit is formed metatar.sus, this segment of the limb being founded by 0. K. Gray in 1S40.
in fungi. For the other method see ascir/erous. called Uirsiis in ordinary descriptive oi-nithol- act (akt), II. [< ME. act F. actc Sp. Pg. = =
across (a-kr6s'), prep. phr. as adv. and j'^ep. Oo'V. [The terms acropodium, acrofarsiv in. and acroiiac- auto and acta It. o/to; partly (n) < L. actum =
[< late JiiE. acros (also in cross, and in maner of tlil'inn liiivr vaiyiuL' senses with
differeid writers, or as ap- (pi. acta), a thing done, esp. a public transac-
I. adi\ 1. From side to
first ..f tlusc covers
rtccos); < ((3 -(- cross.] lilied t.MlillVn n't animals pr..]ierly, the ;
tion, prop. neut. of actus, pp. of ayere, do; and
tlie other t\v", as a whole includes
the parts of which it con-
side ; in a crossing or crossed manner ; crosswise. partly (h) < L. actus (pi. actus), n., the doing of
sists TIh>' are little used in any sense. .See tarsns.]
Who calls me villain? breaks my pate across?
acroteleutic (ak''ro-te-lii'tik), n. [< Gr. anpo- a thing, performance,
action, division of a play,
Shak., Hamlet,
< af/ere, lead, drive, impel, move, cause, make,
ii. 2.
Te'Asenov, the fag-end, esj). of a verse or poem,
With arms across,
Gr. iiyciv, lead, drive, do. =Icel. =
He stfjud reflecting on his country's loss. Di-T/den. < aKpo(, extreme, + te/Ieut^, end.] Eccles., any- perform, do,
 ' ;
3iCu
cka, drive, =
Skt. / aj, drive. Hence (from L.
agere), exact, redact transact, cogent, exigent,
agile, agitate, cogitate, etc. ; see also ake=ache\
acre, acorn, agrarian, agriculture, etc.] 1. An
exertion of energy or force, physical or mental
anything that is d'one or performed ; a doing or
deed ; an operation or performance.
Illustrious acts liigh raptures do infuse.
Xor deem tlmt ads heroic wait on cliance.
2. A
state of real existence, as opposed to a
possibility, power, or Ijeing in germ merely;
actuality': actualization; enteleehy. [Transla-
tion of the Greek f wp/ cia and ciTe'/Jx""-^ The soul,
acoordiujr to the Aristotelians, is the act, that is, is the
eijtelechy or perfect development of the body. So God is
said to be pure act, for Aristotle says, "There must be a
principle whose essence it is to be actual (^? 17 ovaia evip-
yeia)," and this is by many writers understood to mean
whose essence is to be active." In the phrase in act,
therefore, act, though properly meaning actuality, is often
used to mean activity.
The seeds of plants are not at first in act, but in possi-
bility, what they afterwards grow to be. Hooker.
3. A
part or division of a play performed con-
secutively or -n-ithout a fall of the curtain, in
Tvhich a "definite and coherent portion of the
plot is represented : generally subdivided into
smaller portions, called scenes. 4. The restdt
of public deliberation, or the decision of a
prince, legislative body, council, com-t of jus-
tice, or magistrate ; a decree, edict, law, stat-
ute, judgment, resolve, or award : as, an act of
Parliament or of Congress ; also, in plural,
proceedings ; the foi-mal record of legislative
resolves or of the doings of indiriduals. Acts
are of two kinds: (1) tifmral ui- public, wliich are of gen-
eral application and (2) private, wliicli relate to particular
;
person-s or concerns. A law or statute proposed in a legis-
lative body, then called a bill, becomes an act alter hariug
been passed by both branches and signed by the chief ex-
ecutive officer but in a few of the l'nited_ States the
;
governor's signature is not necessarj'. British acts are
usually referred to by mentioning them simply by the
regnal year and nimiber of chapter as, act of 7 and 8 Vict.
American acts, particularly acts of Congress, are
c. 32.
often referred to simply by date as, act of May li, 1SS2.
5. In universities, apublicdisputationorlecture
required of a candidate for a degree of master.
'
The performer is said to " keep the act. Hence, at Cam-
bridge, the thesis and examination for the degree of doc-
tor; at Oxford, the occasion of the completion of degrees.
The candidate who keeps the
So. art hotidat/, act feaxt.
act is also hiniself called the act. In medieval, and some-
times in modem scholastic use, any public defense of a
thesis by way of disputation is called an act
Such that expect to proceed Masters of Arts to exhibit
their synopsis of acts required by the laws of the College.
Orders 0/ Overseers of Harvard Colletje, lO.^iU.
[Such a synopsis (cedula), stating the time of studies, the
acts made, and the degrees taken by the candidate, and
duly sworn to, had usually been required in universities
since the middle ages.)
I pass therefore to the statute which ordains a public
This is now in a manner (luite
act to be kept each year.
woni out, for of late there has not been a j)ul>lic act above
once it. ten or twslve years the last one we had was
upon the glorious peace of 1712.
Aiiihursl, Terra! Filius (1721), No. xlvii.
6. In lair, an instrument or deed in WTiting,
serving to jirove the truth of some bargain or
transaction as, I deliver this as my act and
:
deed. The tenn is used to show the connection between
the Initruinent ami the party who has given it validity liy
his signature or by his legal assent when thus i)erfected,
the tnittnimefit becomes the art of the parties who have
signed It or assented to it in a fomi required by law. Hdu:
Licitiijaton.
Acts havlni^a legal validity are everywhere reduced ti
certain forms ; a certain number of witnesses is required
to pn>ve them, a certain nuigistrate to authenticate them.
Woolsey, Introil. to Inter. Law, 7J.
7. In theoh, Boiiiething done at once and once
for ail, UH distingulHhed from a Hurl;. Thus, just!.
ncalloit U HAfd ti be an act of tiod's free grace, but sancti-
liiMti-.f, !, a t/'/rJt carried on through life. In the act, in
the 11' uid iM.Tfonnnnce or commisnion said cHpceially of
I
\tvnt,M who are caught when cngage<l in some misdeed.
This woman was taken In adultery, in lite very act.
In act to, prepnrt <1 or ready to ; on the very point
lm|il)lrik' a certula l.odily dlspoflitlun or posture: as, in
,.. t I . , ,1,,.
'lowing rolMj. ho
nn'l
'/T!(''<'fiil
Act of 1
"'
1*
" M !..[.
th
Act < : I I'l'-
after ptoti-ii i;I a bill :
: ^A. liaiigc,
: - ,
5S act
agrees to pay or accept the bill for the honor of any party Lord Tenterden's Act. (a) An English statute of 1828
thereto. Act of indemnity. See indfii(;/. Act in by which new promises relied on to revive a debt which
pais, a judicial act performed out of court and not re- is" statute-liarred, or to ratify one contracted in infancy,
corded. See pais. Act's breakfast, an entertainment were rei[uircd to be in writing and signed. (/>) An Eng-
which from early times has been given by a candidate for lish statute of 1833 shortening the time preserilicd by
a univei-sity degree on the day of his making his act. The the statute of limitations in certain cases. McCuIloch
act for master or doctor of tlui>li'i;y fie.|uently impover- Act, a statute of Virginia, March 28, 1879, designed to re-
ished the candidate for life. Acts of the Apostles, the duce the amount of interest payable by the State of \'iy-
title of the fifth book of the Ne TestaiiKiit. See acta. ginia upon its public debt, by obtaining the consent of
WaUer. Acts of faitli, hope, charity, and contrition, forms of the bondholders to such reduction. Pure act, in inetaph.
prayer in conniiMii use in the llomaii riithnlic (.'iiurch, ex- an act joined with no objective nor subjective power that ;
pressive of the internal exercise of the virtues named. act whose ver,v essence or ])ossibility involves its existence
Lowell, Three Mem. Poems.
Acts of the MartjTTS. See nc(a. Acts of Uniformity, in all its attributes God. Riddleberger Act, a Virginia
:
three acts lor the ri;;ulation of public worship iiasstd m statute of lss2 attempting to rc.ince the lioniK-.i debt ami
interest thereon of that State, on the groun.i that the
England in loisi, U-:a>, and 166-3, obliging all clergy, in the
conduct of public services, to use only the Book of Com- State of West Virginia, which had been carved out of Vir-
mon Prayer. Act term, the last tenn of the university
ginia, onglit to p.ay a certain proportion of the debt. Sec-
year. Baines's Act. (a) An English statute of 184S, treat- ond act. Sec ener'jtj. Sherman Act, an act of Congress
ing accessories before the fact in felonies like principals, of July 14, ISSKI. ilirecting the sicretjiry of the treasury to
and permitting separate prosecution of accessories after purchase monthly 4,.=.00.UOO ounces of flue silver bulli.m,
the fact. (6) -\n Englisli statute of 1849, relating to ap- or so much thereof as might be .ifieie.l. at the market
peals to the quarter sessions. Bank Charter Act. See rate, not to exceed Sl.OO for 37i; grains of flue silve:-.
Sank Act, under (kihA-. Berkeley's Act, an English stat- Repealed in 1893.- Sir Robert Peel's Act. See Bank
ute of 1855 prohibiting the sale of beer, wine, and liquor . Act, under (i.iiiA-.- Sir William Bovill's Act. See Bo-
on Simdays and holidays between 3 and 5 o'clock in the vill's Act, above. StOweU Act, a New York staUite ot
afternoon, and from 11 o'clock at night to 4 o'clock the lS;n abolishing imprisonment f. .r debt, except in cases of
ne.xt morning. Black Act, an English statute of 1722 fraud or tort, ami giving iiroceedings for punishment of
(9 Geo. I. c. 22), so called because designed originally to fraudulent debtors. The Lords' Act, an English statute
suppress associations of the lawless persons calling them- of 17.59 (32 Geo. II. c. 2S) to relieve insolvent debtors from
selves ' blacks." It made felonies certain crimes against imprisonment.
The SIX Acts, English statutes of 1819
the game laws, sending anonymous letters, demanding restricting the rights ot public assembly and military
money, and simiLar otfenses. Black acts, the acts of organization, and" the freedom of the press. Tllden
the Scottish Parliament during the reigns of the first five Act a New Vork statute of 1875, otherwise known as the
Jameses, Mary, and James VI., down to 1586 or 1587.
They were so called from the circumstance of their being
Peculation ylc(, giving a civil remedy to the State for mal-
versation by municipal or county oflicers as well as state
written in the Old English character, called black letter. ofticei-s. Transient act, one which consists in the pro-
Bovill's Act. ('0 An English statute of 1860 simplify- duction of anellcct upon an object difterent from the sub-
ing proceedings in petitions of right. Also known as ject.- YazoO Frauds Act, the name given to a statute
.Sir H'illiam Bovill's Aet, and as the Petitions of Jtiffhts of Georgia, of 1796, for the sale of a vast tract of public
Act, 1860. (b) .\n English statute of 1865, also knomi as lands, comprising the present State of Mississippi and one
Ckie/ Justice Bovill's Act, abolishing the rule by which half of .Alabama, to priv,ate persons. It was declared by
creditors could hold liable as a partner any one who had a statute of the next year to be null and void, as having
participated in the profits of a bnsiness as profits, in-e- liiHii fraudulently enacted. (For noted acts on particular
spective of the intent of the parties. Burke's Act. (n) subjects, such as the ,4ii/ Act, Bankruptctj -4cf, etc., see
An English statute of 1782 abolishing certain otfiees and the qualifying word or words. See also article, bill, by-
otherwise affecting the civil establislnnent. (h) An Eng- hue. charter, code, decree, edict, law, ordinance, petition,
lish statute of 1773, known also as one of the corn laws ; it /.r.ici.viioi. ,vrn(ii(>".)=Syn. 1. Action, Act, Deed. Seeaction.
was one of the fii^t steps toward free trade. BuTT Act, act (akt), v. [< L. actii.':, pp. of agere, lead,
a statute of Ohio, of 1806, directed against the treasonable
It was in force for
drive, impel, cause, jnake, perform, do : see act,
acts of Aaron Burr on the Ohio river.
one year only, and authorized the arrest and punishment of .] I. trans. 1. To do, perform, or transact.
all persons fitting out or arming vessels, or enlisting sol- Thou wast a spirit too delicate
:
diers, etc., within the State of Oliio to disturb the peace of To act her earthy and abhorr'd conunands.
the United States. Chinese Act, or Chinese Restric- .S/infr., Tempest, i. 2,
:
tion Act, .in .act of the I'nited states ('.ingress of 188-2, 2. To represent by action: perform on or as on
amended in 1884, suspending for ten years flu- iiiiTiiigration tlie stage; play, or play the jiart of; hence,
of Chinese into the United States. In lf-92 its main pro-
'
visions were continued for ten years. Complete act, in foigu or counterfeit as, to act Macbeth to act
: ;
mcfn/i/i., that act of a thing to which nothing of the nature tlie lover, or the part of a lover.
of the thing is wanting, as the act of a substance in re- Dryden.
With acted fear the villain thus pursued.
spect to possessing its attributes, .lijuiiins.- Coventry
Act, au English statute of 1671 against maiming : so callcil 3. To pet-form the office of; assume the char-
because passed on the occasion of an assault on Sir John acter of: as, to act the hero. 4t. To put in
Coventry, JI. P. Dlngley Act, an act of Congress of 18S4,
action; actuate.
to foster the shipping trade of the United .States.- Ed-
munds Act, an ad of Congrcssof March 22,1882, punish- Self-love, the spring of motion, acts the soul.
ing ]ii.lv4auiv. Elicltact, an a. t .if the will itself, as dis- Pope, Essay on Man, ii. 69.
tingiiislie.l fi an iiii/wrare a.t. which is s.une movement
I What spirit aeted the party that raise! this persecution,
of tlic l.o.ly ..r the s..ul c.nseiiuciit upon the act of the will. one may guess. C. Matlier, Mag. Chris,, lnt.,'iii.
J./ii//m.. Essential act, in uutaptt.. that net which is
at the same tlTiie .ssenre. ,Si'..(.s. First aCt. See rn- II. iiilrans. To do something; exert energy
or force in any way: used of anything capable
enm. Hinde Palmer's Act, an English statute of 1869
ab..lishing tin- pi.l. r.-ni-e winch til.' ...mnioii law gave to of movi'iiiont.eithi'rorigiiial or conimunicated,
the payment .if spi-.ialty debts over simple c. infract debts,
in settling the estates of deceased persons,- Hogarth's
or of producing effects. SpccilicuUy 1. To
; . . .
Act, an English statute of 1766 which secured the pr.ijv-
put fortli effort or energy; exercise movement
erty in engravings, prints, etc., to their dcsigm-rs or in- or agency; In- omployed or operative: as, to act
ventors, and to the wiii.iw of William Hogarth the priiperly \'igorous"ly or languidly; ho is acting against
works, Immanent act, one which r. inaiiis \\ iihin
in his
Ti.it consist in an ellecl pi.iiliue.l on
his own iiit crest; his niiiid acts sluggishly.
the agent, and d.ics
He hangs between in doubt to act, or rest.
something else, -Imperate
See elicit nc(,- In- act. ;
Pope, Essay on Man, ii. 7,
formant thepcrfcctionof
act, in uielii/.h.. passive or sub-
jective power: that a.t liv which matter receives a qual- .4f(, act in the living Present!
ity or form in the Ai i-.t..t'. liiiii .sense Jekyll's Act, an Lonfi/ellow, Psalm of Life,
:
English statute of lT:ii; .lin Ii .1 ai.-ainst tin- salcof spn'itn-
.
You can distinguish between iu.livi.liml people to such
ous liquors.- Lands' Clauses Act, an I'.nglish statute of an extent that y.ni have a general iih-a of how a given
1845 (8 an.l Vict. c. IS) regulating the taking of iirivate person will act when placed in given ilrcnmstajices.
property f.)r public use by corp.irations, et.-. Leeman'B ir. K. Vlifford, Lecturea, I. 76.
Act, an English statute (30 Vlct. c. 20) declaring cm- 2. To exert influence or produce effects; per*
tracts for sale of stocks v.ii.l, unless the numbering of the
shares or certificates, or the nam.- of a rcgislcrcd owner, be form a function or fuuc-tions; operate: as,
Bpccllled in writing. -Lord Aberdeen's Act, an English pi-nisr nets as a stinuihtni ; mind acts upon
statute of 1S15 arryiiig int.) ellect a treaty with llrazll medicine failed to act: the brake
.
iiiiiiil; (h(^
for the regulation .iii.l fiinil abolition of the slave-trade.
An English statute of 1846 I'cfuKi'd to act, or to act u])on tlio wheels.
Lord Campbell's Act. C)
all.iwing the relatives of a jierson whose death has been How body acts upon the Impassive inlnil.
laused by m-glig.-nce or wrongful act to recover ilamage.s ilarth. Dispensary.
: therefor. The iiilnciplc of this net lum been .generally .Man aclina on nnin by weight of opinion.
adopted in the United States by statutes allowing the lUnierson, Civilization.
executor or administrator to sue an.l recover ihnmiges In To be employed or opor:-.tc in a particular
3.
John viil. 4. such a case for the benefit of the wife, hunhnnd. or next
of Wn. (')) An Enulish statuli- of 1M,'1 as to defanm- way; perform specific duties or fuiu>tions: as,
tlon. (.) An English stalnl.- ,,f l.s:W a I.,
.il.seene pilbll- '"'/.s' for or in
a di-]iii1y iilacc of his principal;
cations. -Lord Cranworth'a Act, (") An EngllHh stat- he refused to act on or ns a iiiciuln'rof tlie com-
ute of I8I) giving to mortgagees an.l trnxtees certain
seemed In stand mittee, (tftcn used with reference to the performance
general powi-rs, such as lire commonly proviileil In settle-
strelclied his hand. I^opr. of duties hy a tcinporiiry Hulmtitnle for the regular Ineiim.
ments, morl gages, and wills, in aid of lieir rights or duties,
I
belli of ail .'illlce as, the liiiutcnalil -governor will aet in the
us. a tlger-cut (li) An English sliilnli- ..( lHc;i) as l.i endowed scllooU.
:
lit
aliMelice of the governor. See uelin'j.
Ti nlittsiirt. PrineesH, II.
Lord Denman'B Act, an English siuinie of 1843 (n and 7
, ,^ Act Of faith, Vlct. e. W.) uliollMhing ..iiiimolihiw rules that excluded 4. To as an actor; represent a chiir-
iicrforiii
wllnessi'H from lislltving hv r.-ason o( Interent or <-rlme. aclcr; liciu'c, to feign or asstimc ii part ; as, lio
'
'.a dln;cl, vio.
nalurnl fori'en. - Lord EllenborOUgh'B Act, an Kngllsh statute (4:i(ie.|. (((f.f well ; 111' is only ((/(/. To act on, to act In
III. e. .'.s) |iiiiilliliig oll.ns.'s iigallist the person. Lord
. . I, ..r It
aiiordame with regiilu'lo one's nelj.in by as, to rii'l "
; :
LyndhurBt'B Act. (") An Kngllsh talule of l:)r. Invnl- the prinelpli- of the golden rule; l.i aet on a false iissunip.
lifalliig marrliiges within the prohllill.-d ilegrees. ((0 An
iih h stalule of 1M4 for conserving the nropcrly or
lion. To act up to, to equal in aellon: perform an
a.'lloii or a scries of actions eorrcspondellt to; fnllll: lui,
I
iig ...iigngallons to the uses of llie faith originally
he has acted up to his engagement.
1,hi Miakliig 'i'l vents' iiKiigc evidence thereof In
..I n lontrolllin; .hehirallon hi the died or
He Is a man of sentiment, and acts up to the aontl-
kii.iwii also mill.- His- mclil.s be professcH. Sheridiin, School for Scandal. I, 2.
..Ml o( Inist. 'I'lils 11.1 Is
i'li,,ri, ,4<if. Lord 8t, Leonard's Actg, laigllsli "Syn, -I.'', H'lirAr, Operate. These words agree in ex-
mid 23 VIel. iili.l 'it and '24 Vlil. e. 38)
. :i.'., preliie the siiceessfnl exertion of power. In their in-
.'
uurvbjr u iloid put ty anil iidhiK law of property, reliuvlng triutces, etc.
till! Iransltlv.- use they are sonietliiies Interchangeable; ua.


act 59 actinoid
a medicine acts, works, or operates a plan works or op-: artificial group, composed of the Lophobranchii and Cy- Actinidae (ak-tin'i-de), n.pl- Same as Actini-
erates. Where tliey differ, act maymore often refer to a el'isfni/ii or Marsipobraiichii.
iilii. ./. J). Dana, 1846.
single action or to the simpler forms of action as, a ma- :
Actian (ak'shi-an), a. [<L. Actius (poet.), also
chine irorks well when all its parts act. Act may also be actiniform(ak-tin'i-t6rm orak'ti)i-i-f6rm), a. [<
Aclidcns, a., < Actiimi, Gr. "Xhtlov, lit. a head-
the most general, applyinj^ to peraons or things, the oth-
land, < a/cr/y, a headlaiul. Cf. Actwon.'] Kelating
(jr. (i/iT(f (dicTiv-), ray, +
Jj. -formis, ijiirma, form.]
ers applying generally to things. Operate may express 1 laving a radiated form resembling an actinia.
;

the mure elaborate forms of action. Work may express to Aotium, a town and promontory of Acamania
Actiniidae, Actiniadae (ak-ti-ni'i-de, -a-de), n.
the more powerful kinds of action us, it tcorked upon his
mind.
;
in Greece Actian games, games held from
aidiquity at Actium in honor of Apollo, and reorganized
remote
pi. [NL., i Avlinia +
-ida; -add:] The sea-
acta (ak'ta), n. pi. [L., pi. of actum: see act, ami di-vclojieil l,y Augustus to celebrate his naval victory anemones or animal-fiowors jirojier, regarded
II.] 1. Acts. Specifically 2. Proceedings in o\cr Antuuy near tlnit town, Sept. 2, yi n. c. As remod-
eled by the Koinans they were celebrated every four years,
as a family, having as type the genus Actinia,
a legal or an ecclesiastical court, or minutes and belonging to the order Ilcliaiithi/ida or
and became the fifth in importance of the great (Jrcek fes-
of such proceedings Acta (or Actus) Apostolo- lUalacijdoriiiata, of the class Actinosoa. It con-
tivals. Hence, Actian years, years reckoned from the
rum (Acts of the Apostles), the title in the \ ulgate of era of the new vVetian games. Games also called Aetian tains numerous genera and species. See Acti-
the fifth book of the New Testament. Acta Martyrum were celebrated, by senatorial decree, every four years at no-oa. Also written Actinida:
(Acts of the Martyrs), contemporary accounts of the early Rome.
Christian martyrdoms, from judicial registers or reports actiniochrome (ak-tin'i-o-krom), n. [< Gr. ok-
actinal (ak'ti-nal), a. [< Gr. anTiq (ciktiv-), a ray, Tic (uKTtv-), ray (see actinium), +
of eye-witnesses, or as drawn up by the ecclesiastical XP"!'"! color.]
notaries ; specifically, the critical edition of such acts by + -rt/. ] In cool'.: (a) Pertaining to the side of A red pigment obtained by Moseley from some
the Benedictine Knin.irt, first published in 1GS9, and the a radiate animal which contains the mouth: specimens of Bunodes erassiis, one of the A(f-
additional <dk-ctiniis l.y the hii-idalist Stephen A.ssemani,
i <
equivalent to oral, since the pole, surface, or tinozoa.
in 174S, Acta Sanctorum (Acts ot the Saints), a name aspect of the body whence parts radiate is also actinism (ak'tl-nizm), n. [< Gr. oktIc (oktiv-),
applied iienerally to all collections of accounts of saints
and martyrs, both of the Roman and Greek eluirches; that in which the mouth is situated the oppo- ray, -I- -ism.']
If. The radiation of heat or light,
:

specilirally, the name of a work begun liy the BoUandists, site of abactinal or ahoral. The actinal side or sur- or tliat branch of natural philosophy which
a society of Jesuits, in 1643, and not completed until 1870. face may be the upper one, in the usual attitude of the ani-
It iiMW consists of sixty-one folio volumes, including an in- mal, as in the case of a sea-anemone, which is fixed by its
treats of the radiation of heat and light.
dex published in 1876. abactinal or aboral pole, and grows upward or it may be
;
2. That property of light which, as may be
actable (ak'ta-bl), a. l<act + -ablc.'] Practically the lower one, as iu the case of a starfish, which creeps upon seen in photograjihy, i)rc)rluces chemical com-
possible performable capable of being acted.
;
its actinal or oral surface. In a sea-urchin of more or less binations and doer)miic>siti<>ns. A pencil of rays,
;
globular shape nearly the whole superficies is actinal.
la naked truth actable in true life ?
when decomposed by refraction tlnougli a prism, is found
The so-called mouth is always placed at one eiui of these to possess three properties, viz.^ the heating, the lumi-
Tennijtion, Harold, iii. 1.
poles, aiul from it radiate the most prominent organs, in nous, and the chemical or actinic. It was formerly sup-
Mr. Browning set himself to the composition of another consequence of which I have called this side of the body posed that the actinic property belonged peculiarly to
actable play. The Century, XXIII. 199. the oral or actinal area, and the opposite side the aboral the more refrangible part of the spectrum, beginning with
or abactinal area. the violet and extending far beyond the visible spectrum;
Actsea (ak-te'a), . [L., herb-christopher, from L. Agassiz, Contrib. Nat. Hist. N. A., IV. 376. it is now known, however, that the different rays differ
the resemblance of the leaves to those of the The mouth [of sea-urchins] is always situated upon the essentially only in their wave-letigtlis, and that the phe-
elder, < Gr. iin-Taia, lower or actinal aspect, which is applied iu progression nomena of heat, light, or chemical action observed depend
erroneous form to the surface upon which the animal moves. upon the surface on which the rays respectively falL The
Stand. Nat. Hist., I. 101. violet end of the spectrum acts especially on the sensitive
of eontr.
aKTta,
silver salts, but the chemical decomposition of the carbon
(b) In general, having tentacles or rays.
Tf/, the elder- dioxid (COo) in the atmosphere involved in the growth
J tree.] A
genus of The upper extremity [of members of the ticnus .\etinia] of vegetation takes place most actively under the action
is called tire actinal end, since it bears the leiitucles or of the yellow rays and under proper conditions a pho-
herbs, natural or- rays. Dana, t'nrals, p. 22.
;

tograph of even the ultra-red rjiys at the opposite end of

der Banuncula- ctrum may
Actinellida (ak-ti-nel'i-da), Ji.j)L [NL.,<Gr. tile sjii be obtained on a gelatin plate sensitized
cea; with some-
what deleterious
a/i7-(f (dfCTd'-), ray, -I- dim. -ell-us + -ida.l A fam- witlt siher broinid.
ily name of radiolarians synonymous with As- actinium (ak-tin'i-um), n. [NL., <Gr. iiKTir (m-
properties. Tlie
trolopliiiliiUc (wliich see).
:

TIV-), ray.] A supposed chemical elementfound

.^ old-u'orld species, A.
spieata, the bane- Actinellidae (ak-ti-nel'i-de), H. pi. [NL.,< Acti-
associated with zinc. Its chemical and physi-
berry or herb-chris- nella (not used) + -idtc.'] A family of acantho- cal properties have not been fully investigated.
topher, has black metrous acantharians with the skeleton com- actino-. [NL.,etc.,<Gr. uKr/(:(aKni<-), ray: see
berries.
mon
The com-
forms of North posed of a varying number of spicules, which actinic-] An element in scientific compounds
origin, meaning ray. In chemical com-
America with red are not distributed according to J. Miiller's law. of Greek
berries are now con- actinenchyma (ak-ti-neng'ki-mii), n. [< Gr. pounds it represents specifically actinium.
Red Baneberry iAct<!o rubra), showing sidered varieties of
'
/
auric ((iiiriv-), ray, + }',f I'^a, infusion, <fy,v'C'*'j
Actinocheiri, ". See Actinockiri-
the same species, but (ak"ti-n6-kem'is-tri), n.
In hot., a name that has been given actino- chemistry
flowering plant and fruiting raceme.
in.] pour
[< actin-ism + ckemi.'itnj-]
the white-berried A. Chemistry in its re-
to a system or tissue of stellate cells.
alba is kept distinct. In the Atlaidic States these are
known as red and white cohosh or baneberi-y. lation to actinism. See actinism.
acting (ak'ting), ji. a. Performing duty, ser- [Nil., < Gr.
vice, or functions; specifically, perfonning the Actinochiri
Actseon (ak-te'on), n. [L., < Gr. 'Aktoiuv, in (ak"ti-n6-ki'ri), H.

myth. a grandson of Cadmus, who, having come functions of an office or employment tempo- dKr/f (d/iT)-), ray, + x^'ftt hand.] An order of
,

accidentally upon Diana bathing, was changed rarily: as, an actimj governor or mayor; an fishes having six unpaired and one pair of basilar
by her into a stag, and then torn to pieces by acliiiff colonel or superintendent, in the United bones supporting the pectoral fin, and all ar-
his own dogs. Cf. cihto'io^, on the coast, < (ikti], States" there is generally some officer of lower gl'ade legal- ticulating with the scapula, its only known repre-
a coast, headland, edge.] 1. The representa- ly entitled to become the acting incumbent of an impor- sentatives form theformation. extinct family Pelccopteridcs, of the
tant executive oilice during a temporary vacancy from Upper Cretaceous Cope, 1875. Also spelled
tive genus of the mollusean family Actcconiclai. ActinocheiH.
absence or disability of the elected incumbent. Tempo-
Originally written -JcicoH. Montfori,\?,W. Also rary vacancies in military, judicial, .and minor executive Actinocrinidae (ak"ti-n6-krin'i-de), n-pl- [NL.,
TonutteUti.
2. A genus of abranchiate gastrop- offices .are usuiilly filled by assignment or appointment. < Actinocrinus + -ida'-] A family of encrinites,
odous mollusks, of the family Eli/,siid{E (which Actinia (ak-tin'i-a), n. [NL., < Gr. dKn'f (oktiv-), or fossil crinoids, exemplified by the genus Ac-
see): a synonym of Elysia. Oken, 1815. ray.] 1 A genus of zoophytes, belonging to the .
tinocrinus.
Actseonella (ak-te-6-nel'a), . [NL., <Act(eon liadiata of Cuvier, regarded as the tji)e of the actinocrinite (ak "ti-no-kri'nit), . [< Actino-
+ -fH.] The typical genus of ActceoneUidw, order Malacodermata, subclass Zoanthuria, class crinus + -ite-.] An encrinite, or fossil crinoid,
contaLaing numerous species with thick conoid Actinosoa, subkingdom Ccelenterata, in modern of the genus Actinocrinus- [By error some-
or convoluted shell, short or concealed spire, classification. The body is cylindrical, ami is attaclicd times spelled actinocrite.]
long narrow aperture, and the columella with by one extremity, the mouth oceupy'ug tlic niiddli' <if the
Actinocrinus (ak"ti-n6-kri'nus), n. [NL., < Gr.
or free extremity. The mouth is surrnunded by
upper
three regular spiral plaits in front. Originally
concentric circles of tentacles, which when spread re- d/ir/'f (iiKTiv-), ray, +
Kpivov, lily: see crinoid-']
written Acteonclla. D'Orhigny, 1842. semble the jtetals of a flower, whence the popular names A genus of encrinites, or fossil crinoids, re-
actaeonellid (ak-te-o-nel'id), n. A gastropod aninial-jloiecrs and sea-anemottes (which see). They are ferred to the family Encrinidw, or made type
not perfectly riidial in symmetry, the common polyp of
'

of the family ActcconeUidcr. of the family Actinocrinidce. L. Agassi-, 1834.

the sea-shore, A. mesembryanthemum, having the oral
Actaeonellidse (ak-te-6-nel'i-de), h. jjI. [NX/., aperture slightly elliptical, the long axis being marked by actino-electricity (ak"ti-n6-e-lek-tris'j-ti), n.
< ActceoneUa + -uhv.'] A family of gastropods, a tubercle at citlier end the animal thus presents a faint
; [< actin-ism -t- electricity.] Electricity produced
taking name from the genus Actceonella (which but well-nnirkcd indication of bilateral synnnetry. They in a body (e. g., rock-crystal) by direct heat-
see). move by alternately contracting and expanding their bases, radiation. Hanl-el.
and by their tentacles. Tlie species are often of brilliant
actseonid (ak-te'on-id), n. A gastropod of the colors; m.any of them are used as food. See Actinmoa. Actinogastra (ak"ti-n6-gas'tra), n.pl. [NL., <
family Actwouida: 2. [/. c] An animal of the genus Actinia or Gr. aKTic {anTiv-), ray, +
yaaTi/p, belly.] In
Actxonidse (ak-te-on'i-de), . j>l. [NL.,< ^cto- family Ai-tiiiiidtv. Haeckel's classification, a subclass of Asterida,
on + -idw.] A
family of teetibranehiate gas- Actiniadae, ". pi- See Actiniidce. containing those starfishes or sea-stars which
tropods, variously limited, but typified by the
Actiniaria (ak-tin-i-a'ri-a), n. pi. [NL.. < Ac- have the gastric cavity radiated, whence the
genus Actwim. it is now chiefly restricted to animals tinia + -iiria.] One of the divisions of the class name.
retractile iu their shells and havinga wide frontal lobe ter-
minating behind in broad triangular tentacles uncinate Acttno:va, containing the sea-anemones, and actinograph (ak-tin'o-gi'af), . [< Gr. aKTic
lingual teeth, which are nxuuerous, nearly uniform, and
:

nearly eipuvalent to the order Alalacodermata- (aKTii'-), ray. +

an-c-inged in series diverging from tlie middle ; and a sub-
cylindrical spiral shell having a eolumellar fold. The liv-
ing species are of small size, marine, .and chiefly tropical
or subtropical, and have been distributed among several
genera. Numerous fossil species have been found. The
family is also known under the name Tornatellidce (which
see).
act-drop (akt'drop), n. In a theater, a curtain
which is lowered between acts.
Actenobranchii (ak-ten-6-brang'ki-i),
[XL., < Gr. a- priv. + ktcIc (lirev-),
ypaijisiv, write. Cf. Gr. aKTivo-
actini'c (ak-tin'ik), a. [< Gr. aKTii; (aK-iv-), a ray, ypa<l)ia, a treatise on radiation, of same foitna-
+ -!(.] Pertaining to actinism; having the tion.] An instiniment for measuring and re-
property of actinism. gistering the variations of actinic or chemical
The so-called actinic rays, which were discovered by influence in the solar rays. The intensity of this
their special actJMty in connection with the earlier pho- influence bears no direct relation to tlle quantity of light,
tographic pntcrsscs, I'ut which can now be changed into but varies at different periods of the day and of the year.
visible rays, are merely vibrations too rapid to affect the There .are several forms of actinograph, all of them using
eyes. Tait, Light, 3. the same test, namely, the depth of the blackening effect
of chemical rays allowed to fall on a sensitive piece of
H. pi. Actinic process, a generic name for any photographic paper for a given time.
process specifically, any photo-engraving process.
a comb, -l-
;

actinically (ak-tin'i-kal-i), adr. As regards the actinoid

(ak'ti-noid), a. [< Gr. oKTivoeiSj/c, < d/rr/f
Jipayxca, gills.] In Maeleay's ichthyological
chemical ueiion of the sun's rays.
(uKTiv-), ray, +
f Hoc, form : see -oid.] Having
system, one of five primary gi'oups of fishes, the form of rays resembling a starfish ; con-
The ligliL wliich flntilly emerges, however much cor-
;

characterized solely by the brauehioe not being spicuously radiate as, the actinoid type of
rected, becomes more and more actinically weak.
:

pectinated like those of most fishes, it is a very .Silver Sunbeam, p. 3^. echinoderms.
 s .

Actinoida 60 action
Actinoida (ak-ti-noi'da), ii. p!. [XL. : see acti- -<j)6poc, <0fpf(i=:E. fcfri.] Having ray-like actinostome (ak-tin'o-stom), )i. [< Gr. a/(Ti'(
noi'l.] Same as Jcd'nojoa. spines. (Un-if-), ray, + ard/ja, mouth.] The oral orifice
actinolite (ak-tin'o-Ut), . [< 6r. auric (aicriv-), actinophryan (ak-ti-nof'ri-!tn), a. [< Actino- of an aetinozoan.
ray, + /.iOo(, stone.] A radiated mineral, called plirys.] (Jf or pertaining to Actinojyhrys. The ingrowth of the rim of the blastopore in Actino/oa
by Werner strahlstein (ray-stone), consisting of The amoeban, like the actinuphri/an type, "^hows itself in to form an actiyiostome is therefore due to a fusion be-
tween the primitive stomodeum and the blastopore.
silicates of calcium, magnesium, and iron, it is the testaceous as well as in the naked form.
W. B. Carpenter, Micros., 407. Htiatt, Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist, (IS.S.'i), p. 107.
a variety of ampliibole or hornbli'iule, of a green color, and
ha\-mg a columnar to flbroui structure. Also called a<ti- Actinophryidae (ak'ti-no-fri'i-de), n.pl. [NL., actinote (ak'ti-not), n. [< Gr. aKrivuTdc, fur-
Tiorc Actinolite sclllst, a metamorphic rock consisting < Acthii>i)ltrys + -/".] A family of endoplastic nished with rays, < ciktIi; {uktcv-), ray.] Same as
principallvof actinolite, wrth an adnuxtureof mica, quartz,
or lelilspur its texture is slaty and foliated. :
rhizopods, typified by the genus Acthiojihry.'-- actiiiolit<
actinolitic (ak* ti-no-lit'ik), a. lake, pertaining (which see), referred to the order Hclio:oa or actinotrichium (ak 'ti-no-tiik'i-um), n. pi. c- ;

to, or consisting of actinolite. constituting an order PMuenplwra (Carus), and tiiiiitricliiu (-a). [NL. (J. A, Ryder, 1885), < Gr.
actinology (ak-ti-nol'o-ji), H. [< Gr. oktIc (an- containing organisms known as heliozoans or aKTic (aK-iv-), ra}', 6pi^ (fpix ), a hair,] One +
rn-), ray, + ->.o-,ia, < /.fjr, speak: see -ology.'] sim-animaleides. Other genera than Actino- of the homogeneous hair-like libers which rep-
That branch of science which investigates the phrys placed in this family are Ciliophrys and resent the rays in the fin-folds of the embryos
chemical action of light. Actinofplitvrium (which see). of fishes, and which subsecpiently fuse to form
actinomere (ak-tin'o-mer), n. [< Gr. aK-ic (a/c- Actillopliryina(ak''ti-n6-fi-i-i'nil), n.j)I. [NL., the memliranous basis of the permanent rays
7a-), ray. + fUfto^, a
part, < /icipeaSai {y/ *ftcp), di- (.Actinoplirys + -iiia.~\ A
group of rhizopods, of the adult fish.
vide.] One of the radially symmetrical parti- taking name from the genus Actiiioplirys, con- Actinotrocha (ak-ti-not'ro-kii), H. [NL., < Gr.
tions onli visions of a sea-anemone, coral-polyp, taining heliozoans or sim-animalcules. See Ac- aKTig {ciKTiv-), ray, + fpox'l, a wheel, ring.] An
or other aetinozoan. tinophryidir. embryonic form of a gephjTean worm of the
actinomeric (ak ti-no-mer'ik), a. Eelating to Actinoplirys (ak-ti-nof 'ris), n. [NL., < Gr. a/v-/f genus i'/(0)'OHis'(whichsee), which was mistaken
an actinomere; having actuiomeres; being di- {anviv-), ray, 4- oijipii' =
E. brow.'} A
genus of for a distinct animal antl named Actinotrocha
\-ided into radiated parts. protozoans, belonging to a di%-ision of the class branchiata.
actinometer (ak-ti-nom'e-ter), n. [<6r. aKTi( Itlii.:opoda known as Mdio^oa, and the leading Actinozoa (ak''ti-n6-z6'a), h.^j?. [NIj.,<Gr. oAWf
(auriv-), ray, + /lirpov, measure.] An instru- genus of a family Actiiiophryidw. Actinophnjs ml, {(iKTiv-), ray, + Cijioi', an animal see .:oon.'i : A
ment for measuring the intensity of radia- a typical species, is the well-known sun-animalcule of classof Vuhntcrata;
microscopists. radiated, marine zo-
tion.
Of or Most species of the genus Aetinophiys, or ''sun-animal- ophjiies, embracing
actinometric (ak' ti-no-met'rik), a.
cule," whicli is common in ponds, are simply free-swim-
belongiuj; to the aetiaometer, or to aetinom- the sea-anemones,
luing myxopods with stillish pseudopodia, which radiate
itry. from all sides of the globular body. corals, sea-pens,
actinometrical (ak'ti-no-met'ri-kal), a. Same Huxley, Anat. Invert., p. 82. etc., in which the
as ftctiuoriicfnc. actinopteran (ak-ti-nop'te-ran), 11. One of the mouth is fiu-nished
actinometry (ak-ti-nom'e-tri), n. [As actinome- Acthiojiti li ; an actinopteroas lish, with hollow retract-
trr + -v.] The nicasureuicnt of tlie intensity Actinopteri (ak-ti-nop'te-ri), II. pi. [NL., pi. ile tentacles, simple
of nidiatioii. ot (ictinopterus: see actiitopterous.'] In Cope's in one subclass (Zo-
Actinonuna (ak-ti-nom'a), n. [NXi.,<Gr. oktic system of classification, a subclass of fishes anthari(i) or fringed
(aa-tv-), ray, b/ifia, eye.] notable genus of + A embracing all the teleosts, most of the osseous in the other (Alcyo-
radiolarians, established by Haeckel in 1860. ganoids, and the stm'geons. The technical charac- naria). The digestive venicil Section of an Aetinozoan.
group are opercuUu" bones well developed on a cavity IS separated from (a seaanemone, Aeltaia /wtmluat.
8ee extract. ters of the
tlie body-wall by an in- showng type of structure of WcCtHijrufl.
separate and complex suspensoriuni, a double cciatttli.val.
Aa the lateral processes [of the rays of some radiolari- Icr\ cuing perivisceral <: nwuth. ot.il aperture; i, gastric
no peUic elements, primary r.adiiof the fore limb jiiirjillcl "vity; c.axialcavity.commontoiiiml
ans] become more largely developed, a continuous cir-
. . .
with basilar elements and entering into the aiticulatinn vii.i.c wliicb "*
'I'-";.,"."''" i.) ,d'""y
rndi^lllv
to rf. an interraesenteric chamber in the
cumferential skeleton is formed, which encloses the wh(tle dn ided into sevenil com- perivisceral or somatic cavity, c and rf"
with the sc:ii)ular arch, and basihor elements reduced to a
organism, as in Actinomma, in which there are sonietinit- ]i:(rtlllcnl.s li.vJiartitiiJUS together being the entcrocccle; ^, free
nu^taptery^iuni and \'cry rarely a mesopterygiuin. enckened tnargiii of a mesentery'./,
three or more concentric shells. Stand. Xat. Hist., I. it. called ine.^enteries in
actinopterous (ak-ti-nop'te-rus), fl. [< NL. flc- ,.
bl,li the
1 ; 1 ,1 .... I,,\ti,. 1
lepiijductne
.. containing neinatoc\.sts; jr. reproduc-
,i,j ^^. A. ^>f the circlet of
Actinomonadidae (ak'ti-no-mo-nad'i-<le), n. pi. tiiiojtterux, < Gr. axr/f (nuTW-), ray, + 7r-f/j<ir, iirj;ans arc situated, ihe tentacles around the mouth.
[SL.. < .trIiiiDiiionas {-ad-) -i- -/(/;.] family A wing.] Ha\ing the characters of or pertain- great luajiirity are com-
of oval or spheroidal animalcules, fixed or ing to the Actinopteri. IKiiiud, living in a pol,vpidom ; some adhere to rocks, etc.,
freely motile. They are entirely naked, possess neitlar and some are free. The rayeil tentacles about the month
actinosoma (ak"ti-n6-so'ma), J!.: pi. actinoso- present in some genera, as Actinia, no remote resem-
a hardened test nor a central capsule, and have fine ray-
like pseudopodia projecting from all points of the surface,
mala Gr. aKrir (Aktiv-), ray,
(-ma-tii). [< miiia, + blance to some of the lluest c<unpositc llowci-s. Keprodue-
supplemented at one point by a long vibratile llagellum. body.] fhe entire body of any aetinozoan, lii'M is cllected by eggs thrown out at the immth, by gem-
iiiulcs or buds deM'lopcd on the base of their ilisk, and by
Actinomonas (ak'ti-no-mon'as), . [NL,, < Gr. whether simple, as in the sea-anemones, or com-
division, each scjiarateil part becoming a complete ani-
oK-ir {iiKriv-), ray, /iovar, a unit: see momid.^ + ])Osed of several zouids, as in most corals. mal. They present tlic iilienoinenon known as metagen-
The typical genus of infusorians of the family Actinosphaeriiun (ak"ti-n6-sfe'ri-um), H. [NL., esis or altcntatinii uf generation. When reproducetl by or-
.Irtinfintftfiafliflw. < Gr. aKTLc (d/irfr-), ray, +
a0a?/)rt, sphere.] 1. A dinary general inn, tile cggdevclops iiitoa free locomotive
idauilhi with \ ibiatilc cilia. The sexes are either united
actinomorphic (ak'ti-no-mdr'fik), a. Same as genus of ihizopods, or endoplastic protozoans. (ir distinct. Tlu' .iijnoznn and lhi<irnzita e(Ulstitute tlie
Uftiittnnoi'phnita. siibkiugdoin Ca'lententla. Also called Aettnoida. See ///
actinomorphous (ak"ti-n6-m6r'fu8), a. [< Gr. l//-e.-i.().

(aurn-), ray,
iiK-Li; i'of>o//, form.] Kay-shaped: + actinozoal (ak"ti-n6-z6'al), a. Relating to the-
in hot., applied to flowers which may be divided .tctinu~<nt.
vertically into similar halves through two or aetinozoan (ak"ti-ii6-z6'iin), . One of the Ac-
more planes : synonymous with polijsymmetri- iiny member of that class.
lini>;<ia :

cal. Sachs. actinozoon (ak"ti-n6-z6'on), H. [NL., sing, of

actinomyces (ak'ti-no-mi'sez), n.; pi. actinomy- .lc//o,:((r(.] An aetinozoan.
viti/i Gr. <MT/f (aKriv-),
f-iiii-s6'tez). [NL., < actinula (iik-tin'u-lii), .; pi. actiimlir (-le).
ray, +
/iis'/f (])!. /jmr/rer), a mushroom, an ex- [NMi., Gr. oKr/f (iiktiii-), ray.]
(liiii. (if A name
crescence.] The ray-fimgus: so called from given by Allman to the larval condition of
the rosettes of club-sliaped structures in which llydrojihiirii (Hydro:oa), appearing when the
it j>rpsciits itself. The disease actiuomycosis ciliated loconiutive plaiiula or embryo has be-
is cauH<'(l liy tho presence of this fungus. eoiiie li.xcil by its aboral end, and has passed
actisomycetic (ak'ti-n6-mi-set'ik), a. Per- into the elongateil gastrula-stage by the forma-
tiiiiiiug to or cau.sed by actinomycctes as, an :
lion of the mouth witii its circlet of tentacles.
arlitinniyntir tumor. >Sfc ;>/((/.
actinomycosis (ak'ti-no-ml-ko'sis), [NL., < n. In most Iliscophora, the embryo becomes a llxed neti}%-
via (the so-called Hydra tuba, or Seyphistonia).
iiituiDiiniri s + -iittiH.'\ A progressive inflamma- tlu.rtrif, Anat. Ilivt^rt., p. \Xi.
tory ulTcction caused by the presence of acti-
notuyi'Otcs, occurring in cattle and swine, and action (ak'shon), i. [< MR. iiccion, -oiin, < OF.
"O" ' "lan. It Ih most frei|uenlly found in

'
'
(irliiiii = Si), iiccion = Pg. iici'ao = It. (i:rione, < L.
Ih' i-iit niiiy invHilc ottier partit. It is com- (iclio{n-), (. aijcrc, do, act: seti net, .] 1. The
'"" i' t vsith a wound or an abnmtrin. AIho jiroccss or slalo of acting or of btiiig active, as
rail... , ,,, Sun-anliiiidculc [Actinoipharium eichltorni). iii.innificd. iippiiscd to real : ehiiiigi' of which the cause lies
actinophone (uk-tin'o-phon), II. [<(!r. iiKTii; I. The whole anlmnl. wiUi r, r, rontractile vaciioIcH. II. I'orttoimf
williiii the Kiili.jcet iictivity; ai'tive exertion;
iicripherv more magnified, with i,, four fctlrT psctitloixwlia, niul i. ;

(iiKrii-t, my, + vw.n;}, sound.] An upjiaratus for luuf nuclei or cmlupT.ifcLv III. A youtii; uctlnospti'crlurii. ciiiTgy iiiaiiifcsted in imtward acts, as con-
the |iroducti<m of souQd by actinic rays. A. (!. trust oil wiili conteiiiplatiiin, Kpeculiition, s])eak-
llrll. .S<.f rniliophoiie. liaving a nutnber of nuclei or endoplasts in the ing, iir writing: iis, a iiiuii ot' iiction. [In this
actlr, ' iik-tin-fWon'ik), a. Pcrtaiuiug central ))iirts ot the iiiotoiilusm, and numerous sense not used in the ])liiral.]
'

'" lone, r,r ti> sounds prodin'cd by stilT radiating pseudopudiii.

The basis of .tetiiin, as distinguished from iiioliou, nr
lie I:
observed
Neither conjugution nor lllon has been vemeiit, Is the exlsteiii.e of ilealiv rcslrliiig III the aiii-
actinophorc .'l. 'in'., for), n. lidr.iKTm^iior, among ordlruiry Radlolarlu, but Imth these iirocenses take, male organism. /,. /'. Ward, llyiiiilii. Sociol., II. III).

place in AetiiuinjilKPrium. Iluxlcii, Anat. invert., |i. Wi.

niy-liiiiripp.-: -
iri,,i.,i,hnroiix.'\ One of the 2, An
event eonsidcnd as pri'dicatcd of its
iieripli'Mil -k.-l'^'loinents which diriM'llvaf- 2. [/. r.] A memlier of this gpuus. '

cause; an act, usually in a complex or an iii-

fonl tni.. lin-nivB of l.iin'l'rru, actinost (ak'ti-nost), ,
.mi|.i...if I., i',, [< Or. okt/'c (oKr/p-), cluHive sense; tliat which is done about or in
that : ., Ih- 1;;iiih. ray, + iinrinv, a Imne.]
'

IIn ichlh., one of tlie relation to unythiiig; a speeilit^ |iei'foniiiitice,

Tli. .

i.'dliilliiiiulahed bones wliich in Inic IihIich iiiiMicdiiiloly

I I
HiippoH
'

proeeeiliiig, iir course of eoiidiict as, a good :

(mil, I
-nut the bitter the tlie rays of the pectonil mid vi'iilnil (ins. rhey
j < I
<ir II bad action ; actioii.i spi'iik louder Ihpn
Mil ill-tJl ihuffjt. :
J. A. Ityder.
,M
nn* gi'iieriilly. In the peetnrnU. fnur in number, but Hume-
illni-^. as 111 iiiiine pedleulate.i. are reduced to tvvii, and
words; tlie tictiim of a delilierative bodv-
actlnophorona (nk-linofo-m-i), a, [< Or. Ak- mini*. times, as In ganoids, Increased to luuru than four; The bird it Uud if knowledge, and by him (ic^'onf
rivo^lKtr, riiy-bcnriiig, < iKTir (axTtv-), ray, + thry are rarely BtroplUoU. iitU. arc weighed 1 Sam. II. 3.

action
dangerous action, stood it next to death,
\Vliat
Would I not undergo fur one calm look
Shak., T. G. of V., v. 4.
All action is the perfection and publication of thought.
Ememon^ Nature.
The word action is properly applied to those exertions
whiuh are consequent on volition, whether the exertion
be made on external objects, or be contlned to our mental
operations. D. Stetvart, Works, VI. I'Jl.
3. An exertion of power or force ; the real rela-
tion of a cause to its effect; causality; intlu-
ence ; agency ; operation ; impulse as, the ac- :
tion of wind upon a ship's sails.
The action which given electrical masses exert on the
exteriurof auy closed surface is tlie same as that of a layer
of tlie same mass spread on this surface according to a
certain law. Atkinaon, tr. of Mascart and Joubert, I. 44.
4. Manner of moving; kindof motion or physi-
cal performance as, this horse has fine action;
: the charge. (6) That part of the mechanism of
the action of a machine.
Imitate the action of the tiger. Shak., Hen. V., iii. 1.
5. In rhet.^ gesture or gesticulation ; the deport-
ment of the speaker, or the accommodation of
his attitude, voice, gestures, and countenance
to tJie subject, or to the thoughts and feelings
ex]>ressed.
Suit the action to the word, the word to the action.
Shak., Hamlet, iii. 2.
Whilst the true brood of actors, that alone
Keep nat'ral, unstrain'd Actio7i in her tlirone,
behold their benches bare. Carew, To Davenant.
6. In poetry and the drama^ the connected
series of eventson which the interest of the
piece depends the main subject or story, as
;
distinguished from an incidental action or epi-
sode. Unity of action is one of the dramatic
unities.
This action should have three qualifications: first, it
should be one action-; secondly, it should be an entire ac-
tion; and thirdly, it should be a great action.
Addison, Spectator, No. 267.
7. In physioh {a) Any one of the active pro-
: from this a connecting-rod extends to the shaft at the same
cesses going on in an organized body some
manifestation of vital activity the pei'form-
;
ance of a function as, the action of the
:
stomach or the gastric juice on the food a
morbid action of the liver. (6) more or less A
complex muscular effort, it may be voluntary, as
the contractions of the voluntary muscles in response to
the will; inyoi^/z/^an/, as those of the heart wifircrf, as those
; Concurrence of actions. See com-ucrenct'. Con-
of respiration, deglutition, etc.; or rejiex, as most involun-
tary actions, and also those performed by voluntary mus-
cles under the influence of stimuli without involving con-
scious volition.
8. In law: (a) Aproceeding instituted in coiu"t
by one or more parties against another or others
to enforce a right, or punish or redress a wrong
distinguished from judicial proceedings which
are not controversial in form, as the probate of a
will, (b) Such a proceeding under the forms of
the common law, as distinguished from a chan-
cery suit and a criminal prosecution. But since
the 'merger of law and equity, the remedy formerly had
by suit in chancery is had by an equitable action. In the
wider sense an action is civil or criminal: it is criminal
when instituted by the sovereign for the punishment of a
crime (see criminal); civil when instituted by the sover-
eign power in its capacity as an owner or contracting
party, or by a subject or citizen. A criminal action is fre-
quently spoken of as an indictment, which, however, is
only one kind of formal con^plaint by which such a pro-
ceeding may be commenced or presented for trial. A
common-law action is real, personal, or mixed: real when
itclaims title to real estate personal when it demands a
;
chattel, a debt, damages for an injury, or a statutory pen-
alty ; and mixed when it demands both real estate and
damages for a wrong. Actions are iii jicmonam or in rem
in personam when the party defendant is a natural person
or a corporation ; in rem when it is a thing the ownership
of which it is sought to change or affect, as when it is
sought to make damages for a collision at sea a lien on
the guilty ship, or to confiscate smuggled property. Ac-
tions where, the defendant being out of the reach of the
court, a judgment against him will bind only his property
previously attached, and actions merely to determine the
status of the parties, as for divorce, are also sometimes
properly called actions in rem; for the property attached
and the status, respectively, are in one sense the subjects
of the action, and it is their presence wliich enables the
court to exercise its jurisdiction as against persons ab-
sent. See also in personam, in rem. (c) right
of bringing an action : as, the law gives an
action for every claim. [The f oUowing French phrases
are common in Canadian law: Action en declaration
d'hypothequc, action, by a creditor having a h>'pothec,
against a third person in possession of the real property,
to have it declared subject to the hypothec. Action en
interruption {de prescription), an action brought tn inter-
rupt the running of the time fixed in a statute- of limita-
tionsasabar toan action. Actionenrevendication, action
ill replevin ; an action by the alleged owner of property to
recover possession. Action hypoth^caire an action brought
,
by the hypothecary creditor against a thii'd person holding
the property subject to the hypothec, the object being to
have the property or its value applied to pay the debt.
Action i}Agatoire, an action by the owner of real property
against any person exercising an alleged right of servitude
or easement on the properly, praying that such alleged
right be declared unfounded and that such person be per-
petually barred from its exercise. Action populaire, a
qui tani action an action in the interest of the public]
; thing acted upon without destroying it; corrupting
:: ;
61 active
9. In the fine arts : () The appearance
of ani- action, that which destroys it. Principle Of least
!
mation, movement, or passion j^iven to figures action, of Maupertuie, the principle that, of all the dif-
ferent ricts of paths along which a coiiserviitive system
by their attitude, position, or expression, either may be guided from one configuration ti. ancjtlier, with
singly or eoncm'rently. (b) The event or epi- jt.s total energy constant, that one for which the action
sode represented or illustrated by a work of art. is the lea-st is such that the system will reciuire only
10. A
military fight a minor engagement be-
;
to be started with the proper velocities to move along it
unguided.- Single actlon, in mach., acti<ui. as of a pis-
tween armed bodies of men, whether on land ton or plunger, in which work is performed on only one of
or water of less importance than a battle. See
: two or more strokes as, a single-action j)ump, one in
:
battle. whi(di the water is raised on every alternate stroke, or the
upward lift )if the pump-rod.-To take action, to take
How many gentlemen have you lust in this action '!
steps in regard to anything; specifically, to institute legal
Shak., Much Ado, i. 1.
proceedings. UnivOCal action, that hy which an agent
A general action nowwhich, after the loss of
tiisucfi. produces ail effect of the sanic npeiies xs it.sclf thus, the ;
several killed and wouimUiI. terminated in the retreat of action of heat in heating ;i lody by eoTiduction isunivocal.
I
the British party towards the centre of the town. Wave-action, hi <inn., ubnurmally high pressure in a
Everett, Orations, p. 90. gun from very large charges. = Syn. Action, Act, Ihwd. In
1 1. In mach. (a) The mechanism of a breech-
:
nuiny cases these words arc synonymous, but action (in the
loading gim by which it is opened to receive singular) denotes more particularly the operation, act and
tlrnl the accomplished result. Only action maybe used
to signify the doing (jr the method of doing it is also the ;
a pianoforte, an organ, or other similar instru- word for ordinary activity, act signifying that which is
ment by which the action of the fingers upon more notable or dignified. An action may include many
the keys is transmitted to the strings, reeds, etc. acts, while act is generally individual. Aa exception to
this is in the use of the word act to indicate a section
In a harp the action is a mechanism, controlled by i>edals,
of a play, which is a survival of old usage ; yet action is in
by which the key is changed by a half or whole step.
this connection broader than act, covering the movement
12. [A French usage.] A share in the capital of the plot through all the acts : as, in Macbeth the action
stock of a company in the plural, stocks, or
; is highly tragic. A
course of action; his action was con-
shares of stock
Abandonment of an action. See
abandon no nt.~ Accessory action. s,rf(ti. won/. Ac-
timied ; repeated acts ai humanity; his cur(s were incon-
sistent. Deed in old usage had a very general application,
but in modern usage it is applied chiefiy to acts which are
tion of account, see account. Action of adherence.
See adh>'nnrr.
Action Of a moving system, in mech., for any reason especially noteworthy it is a more formal ;
twice the time-integral of the kinetic energy, whicli is word than action ovact. Tlie Acts of the Apostles, the ac-
equal to the sum of the average momentums for the spaces tion of a watch the acts of a prince, the actions of chil-
;
described by the parts of the system from any era, each dren an act of mercy a deed of valor ; a base deed or act.
; ;
multiplied by the length nf its path. Action of ejection For comparison with/ea(, etc., see/ea^
and intrusion, see '/rrtinn. Action of ejectment. Fundamentally there is no such thing as private action.
See ejretmrut and casua/. Action Of foreclosure. See All actions are public
in themselves or their conse-
foreclosure. Action Of mesne profits. See ni-.^-ne. quences. Bovee, Summaries of Thought.
Action on the case. See caiTi.-- Amicable action. Our acts our angels are, or good or ill.
See amicable. Angle Of action. Seeiof.'//^^', Back ac- Our fatal shadows that walk by us. still.
tion, (a) In marine engines, action in which the cylinder J. Fletcher, Honest Man's Fortune, 1. 37.
is between the cross-head or cross-tail and the crank.
M'ho doth right deeds
In tliis arrangement, which is sometimes used where a sav- Is twice-born, and who doeth ill deeds vile.
ing of longitudinal space is desired, parallel side-bars con-
Edwin Arnold, Light of Asia, vi. 78.
nect the cross-head of the piston-rod with a cross-tail, and
action (ak'shon), V. t. l<actionj w.] To bring
;
end of the cylinder as the cross-head. The np|nisite uf a le^'al action against. [Rare.]
direct action (see below). (6) In fli'earms, wlieu tlie joeks
actionable (ak'shon-a-bl), a. [< ML. actiona-
are bedded into the stock alone. E. II. A';M;//;r Cause
of action. See cause. Chemical action, action within
bilis, < L. actio{n-)j action: see action.'] Fur-
;
a molecule, or between molecules, of matter, by which nislaing suflieient ground for an action at law :
atoms are added, removed, or reairaiiged. It is often as, to call a man a thief is actiomtble.
attended witii evolution of beat aihl light. See cli<-inicaL Many things which have been said in such papers
Chose in action. See cAi.ml:, circuity of action. are equally actionable. The American, VIII. 5.
. . .
See circuity. Oonconxse of actions. See cunnuirse.
actionably (ak'shon-a-bli), adv. In an action-
solidation of actions. See conjfolidation.-COTTentS able manner; in a manner that may subject to
of action. See cf(r/v^ Declaratory action. See legal process.
declarator.
Direct action, in a ste;nii-engine, actiim in
which the pistnn-rod or eruss-head is liii'ectly cdnneeted actional (ak'shon-al), a. Of or pertaining to
by a rod with tlie crank. Double action, ni tnacli., ac- action or actions. Grote.
tion, as of a piston, in wJiieli wiirk is dune at every stroke actionary (ak'shon-a-ri), n. pi. actionaries
or reciprocal movement.
Droitural action. See rfrot- (-riz), [= F. actionnaircj < ML. acfionarins, < L.
;
/j-rt^. Equivocal action, one in which the eflfect is of
a different species from tlie agent, as the action of a blow actio(n-), action: see action.] shareholder in A
upon a drum, causing it to sound. Form Of action. a joint-stock company; one who owns actions
See form. Glst of an action. See firw^s. Immanent (see action, 12) or shares of stock. Also called
action, one wliose effect is within the agent or cause
;
actionist. [Chietiy used of French subjects.]
transient action, one whose effect is an object other
than its cause. actioner (ak'shon-er), n. The workman who
In the action immanent the agent and the patient are makes or adapts the action of an instrument,
as of a piano, etc.
the same in the tratisicnt different, in the thing itself.
;
Burpersdicius, tr. by a Gentleman, i. S. actionist (ak'shou-ist), n. [< action -ist.] +
In action, in a condition or state of activity; in active Same as actionary.
operation.
law
Law of action and reaction, Newton's
of motion. It is as follows To every action
actionize (ak'shon-iz), v. t. [< action --ize.'] To +
third :
bring a legal action against. [Rare.] N. E. D.
there isalways an equal and contrary reaction; or the
mutual actions of two bodies are always equal and oppo- actionless (ak'shon-les), a. [<. action -less.] +
sitely directed. By action here is to be understood the Without action inert. ;
force, or sometimes (according to Newton) the product
action-sermon (ak'shon-ser''''mon), n. In the
of its effective component into the velocity of its point
of application. While the first two laws of motion de* Presbyterian churches of Scotland, the semdon
terniiue how forces of every conceivable kind affect bod- preached before the celebration of the com-
ies,' and what motions they produce, the third is more munion.
positive, in that it begins tlie description of the forees
action-takingt (ak'shon-ta*king), a. Litigious
that are actually found in nature, by enunciating the
proposition that the algebraic suni of all the forces that accustomed to seek redress by law instead of
are called into play on each occasion is zero. The follow* by the sword an epithet of contempt.
:
ing passage gives Newton's comments on this law. in the A lily-liver'd, action-taking . . . rogue.
language of Thomson and Tait, except that the original Shak., Lear, ii. 2.
word action is restored, in place of the word activity w hich
those authors substitute for it, in order to avoid confusion actioust (ak'shus), a. [< action + -ous. Cf. fac-
with the action of a moving system, as defined above " If : tions.] Active full of activity full of energy.
; ;
one body presses or draws another, it is pressed or drawn He knows you to be eager men, martial men, men of
by this other with an equal force in the opposite direction. good stomachs, very hot shots, very actious for valour.
If any one presses a stone with his finger, his finger is Dekker and Webster (?),Sir Thomas Wyat, p. 44.
pressed with the same force in the opposite dii-ection by
the stone. A horse towing a boat on a canal is dragged actitation (ak-tl-ta'shon), n. [< L. as if *<7C-
The backwards by a force equal to that which he impresses on titatio{n-), iactitare^ act or plead frequently,
the towing-rope forwards. By whatever amount, and in used only of lawsuits and dramas double freq. ;
whatever direction, one body has its motion changed by
of agere, act, do.] Frequent action specifi- ;
impact upon anotlier, this other body has its motion
changed by the same amount in the opposite direction; cally, the debating of lawsuits, [Rare.]
for at each instant dming the impact the force between activatet (ak'ti-vat), v. t. [< active + -ate^.']
them was equal and oi>posite on the two. When neither To make active ; intensify.
of the two bodies has any rotation, whether before or
after the impact, the changes of velocity which they ex-
Snow and ice, especially being holpen, and their cold
When one activated by nitre or salt, will turn water to ice, and that
perience are i)roportional to their masses;
body attracts another from a distance, this other attracts in a few hours. Bacon, ^Nat. Hist., 83.
it with an equal and opposite force. If the action of an (ak'tiv), a. [<ME.
actif, < OF. actif, F.
active
agent be measured by its amount and velocity conjointly, actif,-ive,<h. activi(s,<.agerej do, a^ct: seeact,n.]
and if, similarly, the reaction of the resistance be measured
by the velocities of its several pants and their several 1. Havingthepowerorpropertyofactiug; tend-
amounts cunjuintly, whether these arise from friction, co- ing to cause change or communicate action or
hesion, wei'-:ht. or acceleration, action and reaction, in motion; capable of exerting influence opposed :
allcombiiiatiniis of machines, will be equal and opposite."
to passive : as, attraction is an active power.
Local action (in a voltaic cell). See amalrjamate, v.
Perficieat action, that action which changes the When the mind has a passive sensibility, but no active
strength. Hawthorne. Twiee-Told Tales, II. S3.
 ; :; ,

active 62 actualization
I And I can excite ideas in my mind at pleasure, and actively (ak'tiv-li), <ii'. 1. In an active man- actress (ak'tres), . [< actor + -ess. Cf. F. ac-
Tary and shift the scene as often as I think fit. This ner by action or movement hence, briskly or trice, an actress, < L. actrix, ace. actricem, a
; ;
zuakiii? and unmaking of ideas doth very properly de-
nominate the mind active. energetically: as, to engage actively in busi- female plaintiff, a stewardess, fem. of actor:
Berkeley, Principles of Human Knowledge, i. 3S. ness to work actively.
; see actor.] A female actor or performer.
Power, thus considered, is twofold viz.: as able to To flaming youth let vu-tue be as wax, T Virgil has, indeed, admitted Fame as an actress in the
. .

make, or able to receive, any change the one may be
called active and the other passive power.
[This distinction is taken from Aristotle.]
Specifically 2. In nud., acting qviiekly; pro-
ducing immediate effects: as, active remedies
or treatment.
3. Ha\-ing the power of quick
; Since frost itself as actively doth burn. -Eneid. Addison.
Locke. Shak., Hamlet, iii. 4.
Specifically, a woman who represents or acts a part in a
2. In an active sense ; by active application or play." Actresses were not introduced in England till after
attention ; in a way involving or impljang ac- tlie Restoration, though they seem to have been em-
ployed in some parts of Europe much earlier. Thomas
tion: opposed to j>as.sivily : as, to employ a verb
actively ; to study actively.
Coryat, the traveler, mentions tiiem in his " e'rndities,"
pulilished in Kill " Here Venice]
: 1 saw women acte, . . .

motion, or disposition to move with speed

L

a tiling that I never saw before: though 1 ba\c heard that

The student is to read history activelii and not passively
nimble; lively; brisk; agile: as, an nc(Ht ani- esteem his own the text, and books the commen-
;
it hath been used in London." In Shakspire's time fe-
mal. 4. Busy constantly engaged ia action
;
to
tary.
life
Emerson, History.
male parts were performed by boys, as is still the custom
in China and some otiier countries. "The king, one night,
acting with rigor and assiduity opposed to dull, :
was impatient to liave the play begin. 'Sire,' said Dave-
slow, or indolent : as, an active officer; also to
activementt (ak'tiv-ment), n. [Irreg. < active nant, 'they are shaving the queen."* Memoirs o/Count
sedentary : as, an active Ufe.
+ -mcnt.] Business; employment. jj. liey- de Gramont. In the epilogue to ".\s yon Like it" Ro-
nohls. salind says: "If I were a woman, I would kiss as many
Malaga possessed a brave and numerous ganison, and
the common people were active, hardy, and resolute. activeness (ak'tiv-nes), . The quality of be- of you as had beards that pleased me," etc. In 10li2 the
Irvinfj, Granatla, p. 34S. ing active the faculty o acting nimbleness employment of actre.sses was sanctioned by Charles II.
; ;
" Whereas tlie women's parts in plays have bitherto been
5. In a state of action ; marked by movement activity. [Rare.] acted by men, in the habits of vvonien, at which some
or operation; in actual progress or motion; not What sti-ange agility and activeness do our common have taken gi'eat otlence, we do permit and give leave,
tumblers and dancers on the rope attain to for the time to come, that all women's parts be acted by
quiescent, dormant, or suspended as, to take
!
:
p. Wilkins, Math. Magick. women." ExIraet.t'runiliceHse in Hiii2toa Londontlieater.
active proceedings against an offender to en- ;
[< ME. actual, actuel, ac-
activity (ak-tiv'i-ti), n.; pi. activities (-tiz). actual (ak'tu-al), a.
gage in active hostilities. tive, < OF. and i'\ actuel, < LL. actualis, active,
[< F. tictivitc, < ML. activita{t^)s, < L. activiis,
The world hath had in these men fresh experience how
dangerous such active erroi-s are. Hooker. active: see active.] 1. The state of action; practical, < L. actus (actu-), act, action, per-
doing. formauuce: see act, .] If. Active; practical.
Fanaticism, or, to call it by its milder name, enthusi-
asm, is only powerful and active so long as it is aggi'essive. Orl. He is, simply, the most active gentleman of France. Besides her walking and other actual pei-formances, what
LotcAt, .\mong my Books, 1st ser., p. 232. Con. Doing is aciimiy, and he will still be doing. have you beard her say? Shak., Macbeth, v. 1. . . .

Hence 6. In com., marked by quickness or
Sliak., Hen. \'., iii. 7. Eitlier in discourse of thought or actual deed.
Sliak., Othello, iv. 2.
frequency ; brisk lively coming or moving 2. Activeness: the quality of acting promptly
; ;

and energetically. 2. In full existence ; real denoting that which

freely or abundantly as, an active trade or de-
;
:

mand for goods; active freights or stocks. 7. If thou knowest any men of activity among them, then not merely can be, but is opjioseil to potential,
Gen. .\lvii. 6. apparent, constructive, and imaginary.
:

Eequiring action or exertion; practical; opera- make them rulers over my cattle.
tive; producing real effects: opposed to s^jeCH- 3. An exercise of energy or force; an active Hermogeiies, says Horace, was a singer even when si-
lative: as, the active duties of life; the active
lent; how"? a singer not tuat'fu hut in posse. So Alfenus
movement or operation a mode or course of was a cobbler, even when not at work that is, lie was a ; ;

powers of the mind. action. cobbler potential, whereas, when busy in his booth, he was
The division of the faculties of the human mind into a cobbler actual. Sir W. Hamilton.
The activities of sentient beings are perpetually directed
understanding and will is very ancient, and has been to averting pain and attracting pleasm-e. Tlie smallest actual good is better than the most magnili-
generally adopted, the former comprehending all our L. F. Ward, Uynam. Sociol., I. CSl. cent promises of impossibilities. Macaulay, Lord Bacon.
speculative, the latter all our active, powers. Rvid.
In sundry abnormal states, strong feelings of cold or
[This use of active for jiractical, in philosophy, is rightly 4. In 2'fiys., a term introduced by Sir William
heat are felt throughout the body, though its actual tem-
condemned by Hamilton.] Thomson as an equivalent of "rate of doing perature has remahied unaltered.
8. Ingram., signifjnng the performance and not work," or the rate per unit of time at which en- //. Spencer, Prin. of Psychol., 47.
the endurance of an action: opposed to passive. ergy is given out by a working system. 3. Now existing; present: opposed to past and
Said of a verb or verb-form, an<I used especially in the case The activity, or work per second, or horse-power of a future: as, in the actual conilition of affairs.
of languages which, like Latin, have a nearly complete dynamo can be measured electrically. Actual being. See if 1/17. Actual cautery. See
passive conjugation of the verb, or else, like tireek and San- .S. P. Thompson, Dynamo-Elect. Macll., p. 99. cdidery. 1. Actual cognition, o|iposcd to rirlnal and to
skrit, a partial one but also, less properly, of tlio.se whicli,
;

like Englisli and French, have a system of verb-phrases with 5t. phy.sieal or gymnastic e.Kercise; an agile hiif'itunl eoitnitivn, Alasts only while the attention is ell-
giigeil upon the object. Actual difference. See difer-
passive meaning, made with an auxiliary. Some gramma- performance.
I'/ici'.- Actual energy, in mech., energy in the form
rians (tiuite iinpr<)[)iTly) use active as e<nii\aleiit to Iralm-
I was admitted into the dauncing and vaulting Scheie, of of motion ris viva opposed to potential enereiy, wiiiL-b is :
'ic>-. Active apperception, that apperception which ;

which late activity one Stokes, the .blaster, set forth a energy in the form of iiosition. See enerijy. Actual
chooses one ariiniig a nurnbtfr of ideas tliat present them-
pretty book. Evelyn, Diary, 1037. entry, see <(. Actual ft-aud. Sec ,?'(^ Actual
selves. Active bonds, bonds which bear uHxi-d rate of in-
relation, one which depends njiun an outward fact, and
terest payable in full fromthedateof issue, asiiistinginsbt-.i actless (akt'les), a. [< act + -less.] Without not upon a mere desire or fancy. Actual Sin, in t/ieol.,
irinn poJi five tjowi-i, on which no interest is paid, ijut which
action or spirit. [Kare.] the sin of the individual, in iimtrust with the sill of the
entitle the holder to some future benefit or claim. Active
A poor, young, actless, indigested tiling. race, or original sin. Actual whole, in loyic: (a) .\ny
capital or wealth, money, or property that may readily
be converted into money, used in commerce or other em- Southern, Loyal Brother, i. 1.
whole except a potential whole.
ployment. Active cause. See caiKf. Active com- This whole is called potential, whereas the rest of the
acto (ak'to), H. [Sp., also auto, < L. actum, actus
merce, thecoiiunerce in which a nation carries its own and sjiccies are called actual.
foreign commodities in its own ships, or which is prose- see act, .] An act or a proceeding, in judicial liuryersdicius, tr. by a Gentleman, i. 14.
cuted by iu own citizens, a.s contradistinguished from pHj<- matters applied to any of the proceedings, orders,
it is
tite, in which the productions of one country are trans- decrees, or sentences of a court, in parts of the United 0') An
individual as containing in it species, or a species
States settled by Spaniajds. //. H'. Ualleek.
as containing in it genera a metaphysical or formal
;

ported by the piviple of another. Active debt. See debt. whole. .So in(ii(i(;7r(,. The actual, tliat which is real
Active "F Uvrlng force, in i>h>tx., same as nV viva (which acton (ak'ton), n. ME.
acton, aktonc, akelon,
[< and existing, as opposed to what is ideal or merely pos-
ee).-- Active fund. See /uwZ. Active instrument,
ac(jucloii, aclctoi), -loun, etc., later often with sible; the activities and cares of life.
one which ufc.n bL-ing set into action goes on of itself, as
Are. -Active list, the list o( olllcers in the army or navy /(, kacton, hakcton, iuiquclon, etc., also hocton, That delicious sense of discnthrallmcnt from the actual
liable to ti.' railed lijiMn fur active service, as distinguished hocquctiin, etc., < OF. acoton, atjuiton, autjui- which the deepening twilight brings with it.
from the retired (m'. Active power. See <|Uotation Lowell, Study Windows, p. &4.
ton, etc., later hoc<iueton, hocton, V. lio<iuilon
from L4>cke under def. 1. Kt-id uses the term to denote
the will, apiietltes.atfeetions, etc.; but that use has been = Pr. alcolo, cottoii-vvool, iiaiMiiig, a jiadili'd Syn. Actual. Positive, etc. (see real), veritable, genuine,
i-crtain. absolute.
gewnilly conilenincd. Active service (ii(i(.). (a) The and quilted .jacket, < Sp. alt/odon, alcoton, cot- .

(M.-rft,rinunc4; of duty against an enemy, or operations car- ton, cotton-plant, < Ar. al-qiitun, cotton, < at,
actualisation, actualise. See actualisation,
ried on in his presence. <lcluitli:(
t]xo, +
qutun, cotton: see cotton.] A kind of
+
quilted vest or funic, madoof taffeta or leatlicr, actualism [< actual
It was evident, from the warlike character of El Zagal, (ak'tu-iil-i/.iii). . -ism.]
that there would be abundance of active nervier and hard meld /ill., tlii' doetriiie I hat all existonee is
Ishllng- Jrviwj, Granada, p. 437.
worn luiiler tlio hnljorgeou or coat of mail to In
truly uetive or spiritual, and not dead or inert.
of having a place on the active list, under
save the iHMlyfroni liniises, and soinotiines worn
alone like a ImlTi-dat ; i!i Inter times, a <'orselet There is nothing so clear In his [llinton's] earliest
1 In contr.idistinf:tton to being on the retln-il
thonght iLs the doctrine, embodied in the word Actuatitini,
I 'I pay. -Active svmptoms, in ],atl,id., or cuirass of iilate-annor. Sco gambcson. tlmt the wovUl is a process. Mitut, IX. ;Jtt9.
"III Optically active substance, His acton it was all of black. Percy's RtUques.
1 Ii:ls till- p'.wtr of rotiitiiig the plane actualist (sik'tu-al-ist), n. [< actual -i.il.] +
.. .1 ll -1.' li;oi-Miittcd through it. Yet was his helmet liiick'd and hew'd. One who is interested in ordeals with actuali-
I
.i:;ilc, stirring, vigor- His acton iiierccd and tore. Scott, Evo of St. John.
'
'/.) ^Ic/nv regards
ties; 11 realist omiosed (o itlialisl. (Irolc. :

I!y an order in 12117 for the London City Gate guard tin' actuality (ak-lii-til i-li), jil. actualiliis (-tiz).
no t. rsenseof the word. . ;
Imkcton and gambeson are t.i hi- both worn, or In default
1 1
1 own
sake. Active is op- [= F. iiclualih',<. ML. actualiln(t-).< (I)una Seo-
the liaketon and corset or liaketan and jilatcs.
' an active minil. life, pcr- tus), < li. ftcfHrt/i',?, aiduiil: see (I(7h((/.] 1. The
Fairliolt. II. :i.
'I'Mir that is supposed to
stato of being actual, as opjiosed to potential-
I, the woni has ac- actor (ak'tor), n. [< MK. artour, agent, iileadcr.
ii>' a ^(ixi/hody he ity ; existence, as opposed to ideality.
:
;
< 1/. actor, ilocr, plaintiff, advocate, agent, phiy-
piTHon U one
'

... --iieitiHtt
er, < nqerr, drive, do, net:hoc art, n.] 1. < 'no A man may deny actuality ... to the Mahometan idea
bir others' benefit come, of God, anil yet be no nthcist.
)ir regarded as annoying vvlioacts or perforins; tliedocror perfornier of Theodore Parker, Speculative Atheism.
iin action; Hpeciiically, one who rcproHcnlH ii
V, I, ,

iiDisliment George Sand says neatly, that " Art is not a stmly of
II'...
haracter or acts a jiart in n piny ; n stnge- positive realllv" (rtcfimfi'fiV were the litter word), "bill a
< loi ('I urioiviM.
playor. seeking after ideal triith." l,om It, Stuily Windows, ji. 20S.
'

;( de Verr, HonK of Faith.

KotI It not quitting Ih- lie liitt] was nn actur In the <'loHe(| an actiir at Coun-
tyj/ career.
cil, and even in private society he could not lay aslile
2. That in which anything is realized.
]'"'' '

./o/ii. Ihiight,
n.iin.
True Ileal.
his
. . .

tbeatrlcul tonoA and altitudes.

.Mucjiiday, William I'ill.
Nature and religion are the bands of frlemlHlilp: oxcel-
leiiey uml usefulness are its great endeanncnts si.clety ;

2. In^fui,' () All udvocalo or a proctor in civil and ne|gbbi,rhooil, that Is, Ihe possibilities and the clr
-'.mu llffl' r.
Hat. cniiintaiK'rs of converse, are the deterndnalions and arlu-
courts or niiHOH. CO A jilninlilT.
I. '
iilliell... |y. 2, [In lliiH ii/idV, , II. ./,.,-. Taylor, Friendship.
HeiiHe properly n Liktin w.nvl. charaotor-actor,
In hrr I..
all Ri lor wbo|Htrtrnyscharnc(>-is wltb ..irongly marked pr-
|

actualization (ak'tu-nl-l-i'.ri'slion), . A making

.W.l*., M, . I)., U. 2. cullaritica. real or noliial; tlio reducing of an idea to a
 : ,

actualization 63 acupressure
state of actuality or existence ; the state of be-
Ifthou dost love, my kindness shall incite thee aculeated (a-kfi'le-ii-ted), p- [< aculeate +
ing made actual. Also spelled actualization.
To buid our loves up in a lioly band.
Shale, Mucli Ado, iii. 1.
-/-.] 1. Armed with prickles. 2. Pointed;
sharp ; incisive.
It [tliu itleji of peace] is fxpoundetl, illiistrjiti'd, d.-liiieil, More apt
with ditferoiit degrees of clearness and its artiKili.-iitiini,
;
To slacken Virtue, and abate her edge, Plural of aculeus.
aoulei, .
or the measnres it slionld inspire, predicted aeeording to 'I'lian prompt her to do aught nuiy merit praise. aculeiform
(a-ku'le-i-form), a. [< L. aculeus,
the light of each seer. Emerson, War. Milton, V. R.,
prickle, -(- -formis, '< forma, shape.]
ii. 45(J.
Formed
actualize (:ik'tu-al-iz), c. (.; pret. and pp. oc- With the erlueatioii she had received, she could look on like !i iiriekle.
tufi/iztil, I'pr. iirliiiili:iiiy. [< actual + -izc = F. ;
this Strang!' iiitt-rrnptiiiii ol hci- iiilgi'iinagi: tiidy as a s])c-
eial as.sault upon iicr laitli, innliguteil liy tiioM' evil spirits
aculeolate (a-Im'le-o-lat), a. [< NL. aculcola-
aetualiacr.] To make actual. Also spelled ac- that are ever setting themselves in conllict with the just. lu.t, < L. acideolus, dim. of aculeus, a sting,
titalisc. Mrs. Stowe, Agnes of .Sorrento, xxv. ])rickle : see aculeiis.'] In hot., having small
His [Macauiav's] critical severity almost ac(Ka(wcs the actuatet (ak'tiVat), a. [< ML. actuatus, pp. of Ijrickles or shai-p points. A. Gray.
of ciitieal ilanniatiou. Whipple, Ess. and Rev., I. '20. +
iili"i acluiirt: : see the verb.] Put into action. aculeous (a-ku'le-us), a. [< aculeus -ous.J In
actually (ak'tti-al-i), adv. or1. As au actual South. [Rare.] hot., same as aculeate.
existing fact^ 'really in truth: often used as
;
actuation (ak-tii-a'shon), . A
putting in mo- aculeus (a-ku'hl-us), n. ; pi. aculei (-i). [L., a
an expression of wonder or surprise as, he ac- :
tion or operation communication of active en- sting, prickle, spine, dim. otacus, a needle: see
;

tually accomplished what he undertook. ergy or force. acus.] 1. The poison-sting of the aculeate hy-
On one occasion Sheridan actually forced Burke down I have presupposed all things distinct from iiim to have menopterous insects, as bees, wasps, etc. See
upon his seat in order to prevent a furious explosion of
Leckij, Eng. in ISth Cent., xv.
been produced out of iiotliing by him, and consequently Aculeata.
2. In hot., a prickle ; a slender, rigid,
passion. to be posterior not only to the motion, but the actuation and pointed outgi-oivth from the bark or epi-
The refraction of the attuospliere causes the sun to be of his will. Bp. Pearson, Expos, of Creed, iv.
dermis, as in the rose and blackbeiry, in distinc-
seen before it actually rises, and after it actualhj sets. actuator (ak'tu-a-tor), n. One who or that tion from a thorn, which grows from the wood.
Tyiulall, Light and Elect., p. 43.
which actuates or puts in action. [Rare.]
By action or active manifestation in act acumen (a-kii'men), n. [L., a point, sting,
2t. ;
actuoset (ak'tii-6s), a. [< L. actuosus, full of fig. acuteness, < acuere, sharpen : see acute.]
or deed ;
practically. activity, < actus, action : see act, .] Having 1. Quickness of perception the faculty of nice
;
Of all your sex, yet never did I know the power of action ; having strong powers of discrimination mental acuteness
that yet so actually did shew
; or penetra-
Any action abounding in action.
Such rules for patience, such an easy way.
;
tion ; keenness of insight.
Drayton, Elegies. actuosity (ak-tu-os'i-ti), n. [=Pg. actuosidade, His learning, .above all kings christened, llis acumen,
<L. asif *act.uosi.tu(t-)s, (.actuosus: see actuosc.^ his judgment, his memory.
actualness (ak'tiV-al-nes), n. The state or qual- If. Power or state of action. [Rare.] 2. In Sir E. Coke, K. James's Pi-oc. agt. Garnet, sig. G, p. 3b.
ity of being actual actuality. [Rare.]
;
mvtaph:, a state of activity which is complete Individual insight and acumen may point out conse-
actuarial (ak-tii-a'ri-al), a. Of or pertaining in itself, without leading to any result that quences of an action which bring it under previously
to an actuary or to actuaries, or to the business must be regarded as its completion. known moral rules. W. K. Cliit'ord, Lectures; II. 13.*).
of au actuary: as, actuarial calculations; an ac- its completion 2. In hot., a tapering point. =Syn.
Tiiat rti;/i'0f*7.)/in which the action and 1. Penetration,
tuurial society. C(,iineitU', as to think, to see. J. Hutchison Stirling. di^eiinuent, acuteness, sharpness, perspicacity, insight.
actuarially (ak-tii-a'ri-al-i), adv. After the acturet (ak'tur), n. [< act + -re.] Actual acuminate (a-ku'mi-nat), V. ;
pret. and pp.
manner of an actuary ; in an actuarial way. operation or performance. Shak., Lover's Com- acuiniuatcd, jjpr. acuminating. [< L. acumina-
The trade-unions of England are, actuarially speaking,
plaint, 1. 185. tus,pp. of acuminare, shai-peii, < acumen, a
bankrupt. N. A. Hco., CXLIII. 233. point: see acumen.'] I. trans. To bring to a
acturience [<L. as if *acturi-
(ak-tu'ri-ens), n.
actuary (ak'tu-a-ri),H.; -pi. actHarie))(-riz). [<L. cn{t-)s, ppr. of an assumed "acturirc, desire to point; render sharp or keen: as, "to acumi-
actuarius, a "shorthand- writer, a clerk, < actus act, < actus, pp. of agerc, do, act, -urire, de- + nate despair," C'ouper, Letters, p. 172. [Rare,
(acto-), action, public employment: seertcf, re.] siderative sulHx. Cf. esurient, j)arturient.'} A except in the past participle.]
1. A
registrar or clerk : a term of the civil law, desire for action. Grote. [Bare.] This is not acuminated and pointed, as in the rest, but
used originally in coui'ts of civil-law jm-isdic- actus (ak'tus), n. pi. actus. [L., lit. a driving,
;
seemeth, as it were, cut off. Sir T. Broivne, Vulg. EiT.
tion. In England
(a) A clerk who registers tile acts a,nd <.agcre, drive: see act, .] In law, a road for II. intrans. To taper
or i-ise to a point.
constitutions of the lower house of Convocation. (6) An
passengers riding or dri^ang a public road or ; [Obsolete, except in the present participle.]
ofticer appointed to keep a savings-bank's accounts.
2. A
person skilled in the application of the highway. [Rare.] They [the bishops), aeumimiting still higher and
. . .

acuatet (ak'u-at), V. t. [< L. as if *acudtus, pp. higher in a cone of prelaty, instead of healing up the
doctrine of chances to financial affairs, more gashes of the church, fall to gore one another with
especially in regard to the insurance of lives. of *aciidre, < L. acuerc, pp. acutus, sharpen: . . .

their sharp spires, for upper places and precedence.

The term is generally applied to an officer of a life-insur- see acute, a.] To sharpen make pimgent or ;
Milton, Church Gov., i.

am c ruiiiiKiny whose main duties are to make the coni- shai^p, Uterally or figuratively.
(a-ku'mi-nat), a. L. acuminatus,
piitatiuns necessary to determine the valuation of contin- Innnoderate feeding upon pickled meats, and debauch-
acuminate [<
gent lialiilities, computation of premiums, compilation of ing witli strong wines, do inflame and acuate the blood. pp. : see the verb.] Pointed ; acute. Specifically
tallies, etc. Harvey, Consumption.
(a) In hot., having a long, tapering
pret. and pp. actu- termination applied to leaves and other
actuate (ak'tu-at), v. t.\
[< L. as if *acudtus, pp.
v
:

When the narrowing takes

ated, ppr. actuating. [< ML. actuatus, pp. of ac-
acuate (ak'u-at), a. organs.
see the verb.] Shai-pened ; pointed. place at the base it is so expressed, for
tuare, perform, put in action, < L. actus : see example, acuminate at the base ; when
acuchi, See acouchy.
n.
1. To put into action; move or incite the word is used without any limitation
act, .]
to action: as, men
are actuated by motives or
acuerdo (Sp. prou. ii-ko-ar'do), n. [Sp., E. = it always refers to the apex, (ft) In oniith.

passions.
accord, .] 1. A
resolution of a deliberative applied in a similar sense to the feathers
body, as of an ayuntamiento or town council. of birds ; tapering.
Those whom their superior talents had deified, were
found to be still actuated by the most brutal passions of
2. A
decision or legal opinion of a court. acumination
(a-ku-mi-na'shon),
as if *acuminatio(n-),
[< L.
human nature. Goldsmit/i, Origin of Poetry. 3. Ratification. [Used in parts of the United II.

< acuminare : see acuminate, i\] 1.

I succeeded in making a very good electro-magnet, . . . States settled by Sjianiards.]
which . . performed the work of acttmtiHQ the arma-
. [< ML. acuitio{n-),
acuitiont (ak-ii-ish'ou), n.
The act of acuminating, or the
ture with perfect success. The act of state of being acuminated a ;
< L. acuere, sharpen": see acute, a.]
E. Gray, in G. B. Prescott's Elect. Invent., p. 185. .\cumiDate Leaf, sharpening; teiToination in a
rendering shai-p, literally or figm-atively. .Spe-
2t. To make actual or real; carry out; exe- cifically
(a.) The sharpening of medicines to increase their
sharp point. 2. shai-p and A
cute; perform. effect, as by the addition of a mineral acid to a vegetable tapering point a pointed extremity.
;

acid. (6) The highest sound (accent) in the prormnciation

Only to be thought worthy of your counsel. Thecoron.ary thonis . . . did also pierce his tender and
of a word.
Or actuate what you command to me. sacred temples to a multiplicity of pains, by their numer-
Were a perpetual happiness. acuity (a-ku'i-ti), n. [< F. acuity, < ML. acui- ous acuminatioits. Bp. Pearson, E.\pos. of Creed, iv.
Massinger, Koman Actor, iv. 2. ta{t-)s, iiTeg. < L. acuere, sharpen: see acute,
3. Acuteness of intellect ; acumen. [Rare.]
=Syil. 1. Actiintr, hnpt'l. Induce, Incite, Prompt, Insti- n., and -J(^.] Shaiimess; acuteness.
gate. (See iinpii.) To actuate is merely to call into action, Wits, which erect and inscribe, with notable zeal and
[The] acuity or bluntness of the pill that bears the card.
without regard to the nature of the actuating force; but aonniimtion, their memorials in evei*y mind they meet
Perkins, Magnetic Needle, Hist. Royal Soc, IV. 18.
it is very commonly used if motives ( as, the murdei'er was
: with. Waterhouse, .\pol. for Learning (1G53), p. 190.
actuated by revenge, impel, to drive toward, is expressive Many of them [Eskimos] . . . being endowed ivith the
acuitii of vision peculiar to nomads and hunters. acuminose (a-ku'mi-nos), a. [< NL. acumino-
of more passion, baste, urgency, necessity hence it is cou- ;
Arc. Cruise of the Corwin, 18S1, p. 24. L. acumen, point: see acumen.]
sus, < In hot.,
pled with words of cdrresponding kind, and when used
with quieter words it gives thera force as, youth impelled
:
Aculeata (a-kii-le-a'ta), n. pi. [L., neut. pi. of having a sharp or tapering point. [Rare.]
him. Induce, to lead toward, is gentler by as much as see aculeate, acuminous (a-kti'mi-nus), a. [< acumen (-niin-)
implies the effort to
aculeatus, furnislied vrith stings :
leading is gentler than driving; it
1. A
name given by Latreille, 1802, to a -i- -ous. Cf. acuminose.] 1. Characterized by
persuade by presenting motives, but is also used where the
pei-suasion is only figurative; as, I was at lujst induced to
rt.]
gi'oup of hjTnenopterous' insects in which the acumen; sharp; penetrating. 2. Same as ncit-
go; he was u;(/(u'erf by my example. Incite, pnnn/'t. insti- abdomen of the females and neuters is anned miiio,se.
gate are used only when motives irrespci'tixi- of jihysieal
acumlnulate L. as
force are the actuating power. Incite is weaker than impel
with a sting, consisting of two fine spieula with (ak-u-min'u-lat), a. [< if

and stronger than prompt; it expresses more eagerness reverted barbs, connected with a poison-reser- ^acuminidum. dim. of acumen, a point, -f- -ate''-;

than impel; it implies the urging of men towai'd the ob- The group includes bees and wasps.
voir. after acuminati-.] Somewhat or slightly acu-
jects of kindled feelings and generally of strong desire.
In mammal., an artificial group of spiny minate. [Rare.]
2t.
Prompt is more general in its meaning, depending upon [< L. acus, a needle,
its connection for force and limitation it is often preferred
rodents, eomposiid of the genera Hystrix and acupress (ak'u-pres), V. t.
abl. acu, with a needle, + jjres.]
;

for its brevity and breadth of application. Lonchcrcs. IlHtjtr, 1811.

Instigate, to
In surg., to
goad on, is sometimes, but erroneously, used of incitement aculeate (a-ku'le-at), a. and li. [< L. actileatus, apply acuju'ossm'e to, as a bleeding artery.
to good it should be used only where the urging is toward
;

It generally implies that such urging is underhand,

furnished with stings, thorny, prickly, < aculeus, acupression (ak-fl-presh'on), n. [< L. acus, a
a sting, prickle see aculeus.'] I. a. 1. In zoo!., neetUe, + prc.<isio{n-), pressure.] Same as acu-
evil.
although that fact is sometimes explicitly stated he was :
:

(secretly) instigated to his perfidy. furnished with a sting; pertaining to or charac- pressure.
It is observed by Cicero that men of the greatest and teristic of the Aculeata.
2. In hot., fm-nished acupressure (ak'u-presh-ur), n. [< L. acus, a
most shining parts are most actuated by ambition. with aculei or sharj) prickles; aculeous. 3. needle, -Fj;rrasra, pressure: see pressure.] In
Addisml.
Figuratively, pointed; stinging. surg., a method (first published by Sir J. Y.
Tims we see that human natm-e is impelled, by affections Simpson in 1859) of stopping hemorrhage in
of gratitude, esteem, veneration, joy, not to mention vari.
II. n. A hjrmenopterous insect, one of the
Aculeata. arteries during amputations, etc., consisting in
ous others. Channimj, Perfect Life, p. 13.
aculeate (a-kii'le-at), V. t. {i'L. aculeatus : see pressing the artery closely hy means of a pin
Desire with thee still lunger to converse
Induced me. Milton, P. L. viii. 'IZ^Z. aeidiati.il.} Tomake pointed; sharpen. [Rare.]
,
or needle or bit of inelastic wire, introduced
 ::

acupressure 64 A.D.
flaps of the wound, instead 1. Keen, etc. See sharp.
2 and 3. Aaitf, Keen, Shrewd, pirate ; similarly in -craey, q. v. Hence the
through the sides or penetrating, piercing, sharp-witted, bright. (See s^ibtle.) short form -ci/, esp. in designations of office, a8
of t>-iug with a thread. There are various modes An acute mind pierces a subject like a needle a tceen mind in captain-ci/, ch,s-k/-(V/, cornct-cy, etc.]
;

suffix A
of iiiserting the pin. has a fine, incisive edge, lilie a knife. Keen may be the
mostobjective of these words. .\uac(e answer isonethat of Latin or Greek origin, forming nouns of qual-
acupunctufation (,ak-u-pungk-tu-ra shon), . shows penetration into the subject a keen ipswer
; unites ity, state, condition, office, etc., from nouns in
A pricking with or as if with a needle the ;
with acuteness a certain amount of sarcasm, or antagonism -ate (which becomes -ac-, the suffi.x being -ate
practice of acupuncture. [Rare.] to the person addressed a shrewd answer is one that com-
;

bines remarkable acuteness with wisdom as to what it is

changed to -ac-, +
-ij), as in primaeii, curacij, ad-
acUDUncturator (ak-a-pimgk'tu-ra-tor), H.
Shrewd differs from acute and vocacy, piracy, etc., or fi'pm adjectives in -aci-
practically best to say.
An'instromeut for performing the operation of keen by haring an element of practical sagacity or as
" ous, as in fallacy.
acupuncture. keen has the idea of eagerness:
tuteness. Only Ayc/i eai as, he was
'

[< U. <.?, a and sharp. acvanoblepSV

a.vj*xxvwiv.tioj (a-si'a-no-blep'si),
,,
n. [< Gr. i-
acupuncture (ak'u-pungk-tur), . Dursmt. See astute aiid
keen in pursuit.
Avcrt
^ , * ^\
priv. -f Ma ro;', a blue substance, blue (see c^o-
y .
,

needie, + punctiira, a pricking see puncture.] :

Powers of acute and subtile disputation. Sir J. Uerschet. +
-i/.tilna, < li'AeTTeii; see, look on.] de- A
nide),
1. surgical operation consisting in the in-
A The tongues of mocking wenches are as keen wMch
feet of vision, in consequence of
L the color
sertion of delicate needles in the tissues. This .is is the razor's edge invisible. Shak., L. L., v. 2.

i.peration has been practised for ages in many parts of the

blue cannot., be distinguished.
and me
Motner-wii ana the common
coiuuiuu experiences lite uu
of life
e.xuciiciiuco ui do uiicu
often
Mother-wit ,,., ry
+l KVKAm6c,
, .-,
i /
world, \part (vom the employment of needles to evacu- .umish people with a sort of shrewd and sound judgment
furnish judg acycllC (a-sik Ilk), a. [< Ur. a- pri\ .

ate a morbid fluid, as in edema, or to set up an inflamma- that carries them very creditably through the world,
tion, as iu ununited fractures, acupuncture has been
mostly J. ilorU'ii, Popular Culture, p. 303.
used for myalgie, neurafeic, and other nervous affections.
mode of infanticide in some countries, acute (a-lmt'), !. To render acute in tone.
2. A t.

consisting in forcing a needle into the brain of [Rare.]

He acutes liis rising inflection too much. Walker, Diet.

acupuncture (ak'u-pungk-tur), r. (;i-knt'ang''gld), a. Having sharp

t.
;
pret. and acute-angled
pp^aciipiiucturcd, ppr. acupuncturing. In .s)v/., or acute angles, or angles less than right angles.
Acute-angled triangle, a triangle that has each of its
to perform the operation of aeupimetm'e upon.
angles less than a right angle.
acurset, r. t. See accurse.
aciite-angular (a-kiit'ang"gu-lar), a. 1. Hav-
acns (a'kus), .; pi. acus. [L. acus (acu-), a ing an angle less than a right angle ; acute- acyprinoid (a-sip'ri-noid)
being pointed; acuerc,
needle or pin, as cf.
make sharp or pointed: see acute, a.] 1. angled. 2. In bot., having stems with sharp
A '
i^> . .-.n t .

corners or edges, as labiate plants.

needle, especially one used for surgical pur-
Also written acutangular.
poses. 2. In arcliaol., sometimes, the pin of In an acute manner;
a brooch or fibula. 3. [cap.] (of) genus of acutely (a-kut'li), adc A
with nice discrimination.
fishes. Johnston, 1650. (6) genus of mol- sharply; keenly; 'li-te-uak'u-lnm), n. pi. acu-
A
lusks. Humphreys, 1797. See Terebra Acus acutenaculum
tcnacula (-lii).
"(ak

[<Ij, acus, needle, tenaculum, +
;

cannulata, a tmcar. or a tubular neetlle for di^charj^ng

fluids. Acus interpunctoria, a couLhin_'-miille, ifecd holder, < tc'ncre,
in opcratioiis for ratarai^t. -Acus ophthalmica, a needle hold.] In surg.,
u.std in oprrations for opluhalmia or cataract. ACUS a needle-holder
triquetra, a three-sided needle; a trocar.
[NL. , irreg. < -Jc, used during op-
Acusids (a-kii'si-de), n. pi.
erations.
J (/.), + -idir.'] Same as Terebridee. Acutenaculum, or Nccdie-holder.

acustomt, acustomancet, etc. See accustom, acuteness (a-

ucru.'^toinancc. etc.
kut'nes), . The quality of being acute, (a) The
quality of being sharp or pointed.
acutangular (a-ktlt'ang'gu-lar), a. Same as
acuti -amiular. iVarhurton.
acutate (a-kii'tat), a. [< acute -flfci.] SUght- +
ly pointed.
acute (a-kut'), a. [< L. acutus, sharp, pp. of
<irc, shai"pen, < / 'ac, be sharp, pierce: see
rtcirf.] 1. Sharp at the end;
ending in a shai-p point or an-
gle : opposed to blunt or ob-
tuse. Specifically applied, (n) in tmt.,
U> a leaf or other organ ending in a
.*i!ian> angle ; ib) in geom., to an angle
less tlian a right angle. See acute-
an/fted.
2. Sharp or penetrating iu in-
tellect;
possessing keenness of Acute Leaves.
insight or perception exercis- ;

ing nice discernment or discrimination : op-

posed to dull or stujiid: as, '-the acute and
ingenious author," Locke. 3. Manifesting in-
tellectual keenness or penetration marked or ;

chanicterized by quickness of jjereeption or . acutus,

nice discernment applied to mental endow-
: In bot..
ments and operations: as, acute faculties or
arguments.
l<uiKh Hunt, whose feminine temperament gave liim
arule iMjrceptions at the expense of judgment.
Lowell, Study Windows, ]). 201.

4. Having nice or quick sensibility suscepti- ;

ble of slight impressions; having power to feel

or perceive small or distant objects or effects
as, a man of acute eyesight, hearing, or feeling.
Were our (wnHc* made much quicker anil neuter, tlie ap-
IMraninrf and outward Hcheme of things would have nuitr
another face to ua. Luetic.

Tlie acute hearing of the Veddalis is shown by their

halilt ul llniUng bees' nests by the hum.
//. Silencer, Prin. of Soclol., 5 40,

6. Keen ; Hliai7) ; intense; poignant: 8ai<

Xiaiii, pleuHnrc;, etc. 6. High
in jiitcli; Hliiill
said of Hound iqiiiosi^d to i/rarc.
: See acute ac-
cent, lielow.
7. In jiathol., attendeit with more
(IT IcHH violent Hyniiitoms and coming speedily
to II criHiM: apjilicd lo a disease: as, an acute
jiliMiri.iy : di.HhnLniiHiiod from subacute and
chi' '

'-nt. fa) Utterance of a single

"'' .1 Wftrd, at a hiiihi-r pilch than
..tl
 ;

-ada 65 Adapis
-ada. [Sp. Pg. -adii It. -ata F.= L. -dta, = -ee, < Not that Adam that kept the paradise, but that Adam He at the sides of the ambulacral grooves, and agaiiut
fern, of -dtiis: see -arffl, -<cl.] suffix of A that keeps the prison. Shak., C. of E., iv. 3. which the ambulacral ossicles abut. See cut under Agte-
riidie.
Latin origin, the Spanish feminine form of Adam and Eve, the popular name in the United States
for a certain terrestrial orchid, Aplectrum hiemale. Adamhood (ad'am-hiid), n. Adamio or human
-arft'l, -atci, as in arat/a ; in English sometimes,
Adam's ale, Adam's wine, water, as being the only bev- nature; manhood. Emerson. [Rai'e.]
en-oneously, -ado, as in bantinado, Spanish bas- erage in Adam's time .sometimes called Adam. [Colloq.
: 1
Adamic (a-dam'ik), a. 1. Relating or pertain-
tinada. A Kcchaliite poor Will nmst live.
ing to Adam or to his descendants as, the
Adacna (a-dak'na), n. [NL., < Gr. a- priv. + And drink of Adam's ale.
Adamic world Adamic descent.
:

duKveiv, bite.] Tile typical genus of the family Prior, Wandering Pilgrim. ;

Wincheil, of course, takes the ground that the older

I'rof.
AdacnidiC (which see). Eiclnoald, 1838. Sirrah, ... go bring or black rjice is of an inferior type to the subsequent or,
A
bivalve moUusk, of
A cup of cold Adam
from the next purling spring.
as he calls them, the Adamic races.
adacnid (a-dak'nid), K. Tom Brown, Works, IV. 11.
the family Adaenida: Pop. Sci. Mo., XIH. 500.
Adam's apple. () Pomum Adami, the prominence on I have stated these supposed conditions of the Adam,ic
Adacnidse (a-dak'ni-de), H. pi. [NL., < Adacna the fort- part of the throat formed by the anterior part of
creation briefly. Dawson, Origin of World, p. 239.
+ -/rffr.] A
family of dimyarian bivalve mol- the tliyriiiil cartilage of the larynx: so called from the
2. Resembling Adam before the fall naked
notion that a piece of the forbidden fruit stuck in Adam's
lusks, typified by the genus Adacna. The animals
;

which compose this fainUy liave elonjiateil, nearly united

throat. The protuberance is specially noticeable in the
male sex after puberty, as the larynx enlarges in boys at from a notion that Ad.'un means red earth.
unclothed
Adamic earth, common red clay, so called
siphons, and a compressed foot the shell, which gapes
;

behind, has a slnuated pallial line and a nearly toothless
hinge, or the teeth merely rudimentary. The species are
chiefly inhabitants of the Aral, Caspian, and Black seas
and neighboring waters.
adactf (a-dakf), V. t. [< L. adactus, pp. of adi-
gerc, drive to, < ad, to, +
agcre, drive.] To
drive coerce. Fothcrhij, Athoomaatix, p. 15.
; adamant
adactyl, adactyle (a-ilak'til), a. Same as
adactijloiis.
adactylous [< Gr. d- priv.,
(a-dak'ti-lus), a.
without, HI- iaKTv'Ao^, digit : see dactyl.'] In :odl.,
without fingers or toes.
(a-dad'), intcrj. [A var. of egad.] An ex-
adadt
pletive of asseveration or emphasis.
-adae. [NL., < Gr. -aiat, pi. of -adrjQ, after -i-,
equiv. to -5;/f after a consonant or another
vowel : see -idie.'] In zoiil., a suffix equivalent
to -id(e, foianing names of families of animals.
See -idw.
adsemonist (a-de'mon-ist), 11.
(hl/jur,a demon (see demon), + -ist.~\ One who
denies the existence or personality of the devil.
adag, attac (ad'ag, at'ak), n. [< Gael, adag,
a haddock perhaps borrowed from E. had-
;
dock.'] A
local name of the haddock, used about
Moray frith in Scotland. Gordon.
adaga (a-da'ga), n. [Pg. adaga, a dagger, a
An Asiatic
short sword. Cf. adargiie (?).]
weapon, having a short, broad blade at right
angles with a staff which serves as a handle.
li. F. Burton, Book of the Sword.
adage (ad'aj), n. [< p. adage, < L. adagium (col-
lateral form adagio), < ad, to, -f -agium, < aio
(orig. *agio), I say, = Gr. ii^ii,
say. ] A
pithy saying in current use a brief
familiar proverb; an expression of popular
wisdom, generally figm-ative, Ln a single phrase
or sentence, and of remote origin.
the time when the change in the voice occurs, (b) A va-
riety of the lime. Citntu mcdiea, with a depression which
is fancifully regarded in Italy as the mark of Adam's teeth.
See Citrus, (c) A name sometimes given to tlie i)lant:iiii,
the fi'iiit of Mu.'ta paradisiara.
AdSiVa's flannel, tlir nmniier of Adam ; nakedly.
common mullen, Verbaacum T/iy),s,v. Adam's needle
and thread, a connnon name of Vueca jilamentosa.
(ad'a-mant), n. [<ME. adamant, ada-
niaunt, adcmaunt, adamaund, also athamant,
atthamant, etc. (after AS. athamans), and ad-
mont, < OF. adamaunt, adcmaunt, in popular
form aimant = Pr. adiman, aziman, aijman = Sp.
Pg. imaii, <ML. *adinias {*adimant-), L. adama.'s
{adamant-), Gr. df^njiat; {aSafiavr-), lit. uncon-
K.
querable (< a- priv. -1- i^afiav, conquer, = L. do-
iflre = E. tame, q. v.), fii'st used (by Homer) as
a personal epithet; later (in Hesiod and subse-
quent writers) as the name of a very hard metal
such as was used in armor prob. steel, but
endowed by imaginative writers with .super-
[< Gr. d- priv. + natural powers of resistance in Plato, also of
a metal resembling gold; in Theophrastus, of
a gem, prob. a diamond; in Pliny, of the dia-
mond, under which he includes also, perhaps,
corundum; in Ovid, of the magnet; in later
writers regarded as an anti-magnet. 'The name
has thus always been of indefinite and fluctu-
ating sense. From the same source, through
the perverted ML. forms diamans, diamentum,
covaesH. diamant, diamond, q. v.] 1. A name
applied with more or less indefiniteness to
various real or imaginary metals or minerals
characterized by extreme hardness: as (1) the
diamond, (2) the natm-al opposite of the dia-
I say, = Skt. / ah, mond, (3) a lodestone or magnet, and (4) an
; anti-magnet.
The garnet and diamond, or adamant.
Sullivan, Views of Nature, I. 438. (N. E. D.)
The adamant cannot draw yron, if the diamond lye
by it. Lylij, Euphues,
Adamical (a-dam'i-kal), a. Relating or re-
lated to Adam; Adamic.
Adamically (a-dam'i-kal-i), adv. After the
~
llailjcrt standing on the plunging stage Adainically,
without a rag upon him. //. Kingsley, Geoff. Ham., xlvL
adamine (ad'a-min), n. Same as Adamite, 4.
Adamite (ad*a-mit), . [<. Adam + -ite^.] 1.
One of mankind one of the human race con-
;
sidered as descended from Adam. 2. One of
that section of mankind more particularly re-
garded as the offspring of Adam, in contradis-
tinction to a supposed older race, called Pre-
adamites.
Prof. Winchell's pamphlet on Adamites and Preadam-
ites. Pop. Sci. Mo., XIII. 500.
[LL. AdamitcB, pi.] One of a sect which
3.
originated in the north of Africa in the second
centruy, and pretended to have attained to the
;
primitive innocence of Adam. Its members accord-
ingly rejected marriage as an effect and clothing as a sign
of sin, and appeared in their assemblies, called paradises,
naked. This heresy reappeared in the fourteenth cen-
tury, in Savoy, and again in the fifteenth century among
the Brethren and Sisters of the Free Spirit, in Germany,
Bohemia, and Moravia. It was suppressed in 1421 on
account of the crimes and immoralities of its votaries. (See
Picard and Picardist.) When toleration was proclaimed
by Joseph II., in 17S1, the sect revived, but was promptly
proscribed. Its latest appearance was during the insur-
rection of 1848-9.
The truth is, Teufelsdrbckh. though a Sans-culottist, is
no Adamite, and, much perhaps as he might wish to go
forth before this degenerate age " as a sign," would no-
wise wish to do it, as those old Adamites did, in a state
of nakedness. Carlyle, Sartor Resartus, p. 40.
4. [/. c] [After the French mineralogist M.
Adam + -itc^.] A
mineral occurring in small
yellow or green crystals and in mammillary
groups a hydrotis arseniate of zinc, isomor-
;
sig. K, p. 10. (A'. E. D.)
phous with olivenite found in Chili, and also
:

Unless the adage must be verified, at Lairrium in Greece. Also called adamine.
The grace of God's spirit, like the true loadstone or
[< Adamite + 4c.]
That beggars, mounted, run their horse to death.
Shak., 3 Hen. VI., i. 4. adamant, draws up the iron heart of man to it. Adamitic (ad-a-mit'ik), a.
Bp. Hall, Occas. Med., p. 5'2. 1. Of or pertaiiiing to the descendants of Adam
= SyTl. Apltori^m, Axiom, Maxim, etc. .See aphoHsin. pertaining to mankind human.
The adamant ... is such an enemy to the magnet. ;

adagialt (a-da'ji-al), a. Of the nature of or Leonardus, Mirr. Stones, p. 63. (.V. E. D.) He
(Mr. Webster] was there in his Adamitic capacity,
containing an adage: as, "that adagial verse," as he alone of all men did not disappoint the eye and
if
Barrow, Works, I. 93. 3. In general, any substance of impenetrable the ear, but was a fit figiu-e in the landscape.
adagietto (a-da-jiet'to;, . [It., dim. of adagio, or surpassing hardness; that which is impreg- Emerson, Fugitive Slave Law.
q. v.] In music : {a) short adagio,A (h) An nable to any force. [It is chiefly a rhetorical 2. Of, pertaining to, or resembling the sect of
indication of time, signifjTng somewhat faster or poetical word.] the Adamites.
than adagio. As an adamant harder than flint have I made thy fore- Nor is it other than rustic or Adamitic impudence to
head. Ezek. iii. 9. confine nature to itself.
adagio (a-da'jio), adv., a., and n. [It., slowly, Jer. Taylor Artif. Handsomeness, p. 164.
Ut. at leisure, < ad, to, +
agio, leisure, ease see :
But who would force the soul, tilts with a straw
Against a champion cased in adamant. Adamitical (ad-a-mit'i-kal),
('/),

a. Same as Adam-
ease.] In imisic: I. adc. Slow; slowly, leisure- Wi'rd.^if'nrth, I'ersecution of Covenanters, iii. 7.
itic.
ly, and with grace. When repeated, adagio, Adamitism (ad'a-mit-izm), Adamite +
adamanteant (ad"a-man-te'an), a. [< L. ada- n, [<.
adagio, it directs the performance to be very
slow. mantcK.s, < adamas, adamant: see adamant.] -ism.] 1. The doctrines of the Adamites. 2.
Hard as adamant. [Rare.] The practice of dispensing with clothing, as did
II. a. Slow as, an adagio movement.
:
the Adamites, or the state of being unclothed.
III. n. A slow movement; also, a piece of Chalybean temper'd steel, and frock of mail
See Adamite, 3.'
Adamantean proof. Milton, 134.
S. A., 1.
music or part of a composition characterized by
slow movement. adamantine (ad-a-man'tin), a. [<L. adaman- adamsite (ad'amz-it), n. A name given to a
greenish-black mica found in Derby, Vermont
adagyt (ad'a-ji), n. Same as adage. tinus, < Gr. uiWi/jdvTivog, < dddfta^: see adamant.]
a variety of museovite or common mica.
Adalia (a-da'U-a), n. [NL. (Midsant, 1851), an 1. Made of adamant; having the of
qualities
adance (a-dans'), 2>rep. jihr. as adv. or a. [< a^,
invented name.] A genus of beetles, of the adamant ; impenetrable.
on, -(- dance.] Dancing.
family Coccinellidce. The commonest species is A. In adamantine chains shall death be boimd.
Pojje, Messiah, [You cannot] prevent Boranger from setting all pulses
bipunctata, the two-spotted lady-bird, having a black head 1. 47.
a-dance in the least rhytlimic and imaginative of modem
with two yellow spots on each side, the prothora.i black Each gun tongues. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 238.
and marketl with yellow, the seutellum black, and the From its adamantine lips
elytra yellowish with a central round black spot on each.
Flung a death-cloud round the Adansonia(ad-an-s6'ni-a), n. [NL. named in
ships. ;

The insect is useful in destroying plant-lice. honor of Michel Adanson (died 1806), a French
Campbell, Battle of Baltic.
Adam (ad' am), n. [< L. Adam
(and Adamns), naturalist who traveled in Senegal in 1749-
2. Resembling the diamond in hardness or in
< Gr. 'A6du (and "X<h/io(), < Heb. dddm, a hu-
luster.Adamantlne hards, in L'. S. pol. hist. See
53.] A genus of trees, natm'al order Malia-
man being, male or female perhaps, according cem, suborder Bombacew. A. digitata is the Afri-
fund, ;i.^ Adamantine spar, (a) A very hard, hair-
;

to Gesenius, < rfofH, be red.] 1. The name of brown variety of curundnm, often of adamantine or dia- can calabash-tree, or baobab-tree of Senegal. See baobal>.
the fii'st man, the progenitor of the human mond-like luster. It yields a very hard pow.ler used in A. Greyorii, the oidy other species, is the cream-of-tartar
tree of northern Australia. See eream-o/.tartar tree, tmder
race, according to the account of creation in polishing diamonds and other gems, (b) Corundum, from
cream.
Genesis.
2. The evil inherent in human na- its hardness or peculiar occasional luster.
adamantoid (ad-a-man'toid),
See eormntttm.
Ji._ [< Gr. d(Sa/yof Adapidse (a-dap'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < Adapis
ture, regarded as inherited from Adam in conse-
quence of the fall. (dda/iarr-), adamant, diamond, 4- el6o^, form : see + -ida:.] A family of extinct lemm'oid mam-
-Old.] A crystal characterized by being bound- mals, of which the genus Adapia is the type.
Consideration like an angel came,
And whipp'd the offending Adam out of him. edby48equiiUriaugles; ahexoctahedron. See Adapis (ad'a-pis), . [NL. ; a name applied
Shak., Hen. V., cut under ]i<xm-tahedron._
i. J.
by Gesner, about 1550, to the common rabbit.
adambulacral(ad-am-bu-la'kral), a. [<L. ad, Etym. unknown refen-ed doubtfully to Gr. a-
;

3t. A Serjeant or bailiff. This sense rests chiefly on intensive -I- (idin(, a rug, carpet.] genus of A
the following quotation, and is explained by the commen- to, -1- ambulacrum, q. v.] Adjacent to the am-
tators as a reference to the fact that the buff worn by the bulacra. Apjilied in zod^, byway of distinction from extinct mammals of the Eocene or Lower Ter-
bailiff resembled the native "buH" of uui- first parent. ambulacral, u> a series of ossicles in echiuoderms which tiary age, described from portions of three
5
 : ;

Adapts 66 ad capt.
long series of generations, while transmission (i f.,hered- adaptorial (ad-ap-to'ri-al), n. [< (ida})t + -ory
skulls fomid by Cuvier in the gypsum-quames itvl can be recognised in every generation. + -al.J Tending to adapt or fit adapt:Ive.
of Montmartre, Paris, and by him refeiTed to
;
Gegenbaur, Oomp. Anat. (trans. ^, i. if. rt>j,p -i

his ordei Pachi/dermata, and considered as re- ,.,.. ^,, ..,. t, fi'sho,, all a
adaptational jad-api^ Jl?5"l')'^ . Eelating Adar (a'dar), [Heb. adar ; etym. uncer-
lated in some respects to Am>'otlifium. The A Hebrew month, being the si.xth
animal was of about the size of a rabbit. Subsequent in-
or pertaining to adaptation, or th<> adjustment tain.] of the
vestigations based upon additional material,
have shown of one thing to another; adaptive: in hiol., civiland the twelfth of the ecclesiastical year.
AdapU to be the t%-pe of a famil) Adapitla, representing applied to physiological or functional mollifi- eoiTespouding to the latter part of February
a genendized form of the lemurine senes{Pachylemunna;, cations of parts or organs, as distiiiguished and tlie fia'st part of March.
FiUiol) of the order Primates. , . t^ j ,
[< F. adapter =:It. adat-
from morphological or stmctm-al changes. adarce (a-diir'se), H. [L., also adarca, < Gr.
adapt (a-dapf). r. t.
adaptative (a-dap'ta-tiv), a. [< L. adaptatus, or adapKi/c, also adapKog, a word of for-
tare, < L. adaptare, fit to, < ad, to, aptare, + +
ai'iapai

see apt.'] 1. To make pp. of adaptdn; adapt (see adapt, v.), -ive.] eign origin.] A saltish concretion on reeds and
make fit, < aptm, fit:
Of or pertaining to adaptation; adaptive. grass in marshy grounds, noted especially in
stutable; make to correspond; fit or suit; pro-
[Rare.] ancient Galatia, Asia Minor, it is soft and porous,
portion. (a-dap'ta-tiv-nes), . Adapta- and has been used to cleanse the skin in leprosy, tetters,
adaptativeness
A "ood poet will adapt the very sounds, as well as words. and other diseases.
Pope ' ""- bility
to the things he treats of.
The state of adarguet, [OSp.,ofAr. origin.] An Arabic
'^efZfJdstclJi-e of nest*, that vary s'o'muchVaud adap'tednCSS (a-dap'ted-nes), n
-- '-- > --
are so wonderfully adapted to the wants and habits of
- being adapted; suitableness; fitness. weapon like a broad dagger.
each species. A. R. Wallace, Nat. Selec, p. 216. adarkon (a-dar'kou), II. [Heb. ; deriv. imcer-
The adaptediuss of the Christian faith to all such [the tain by some writers connected with the name
Two errors are in common vogue in regard to instinct and oppressed], which was made a reproach against
;

first, that it never errs secondly, that it never adapts

:
J)oor
it by supercilious antagonists, constitutes one of its chief Darius': see daric.] gold coin (also called A
itself to changed circumstances. glories. G. P. Fi.-'her, Begin, of Cliristianity, p. 545. darkeiiioii) mentioned in the original text of the
Maudsleii, Body and Will, 5. book of Ezra, etc., as in use among the Jews,
adapter (a-dap'ter), w. 1. One who adapts, or
2. To fit by alteration : modify or remodel for makes aii adaptation; specifically, one who and translated dram in the authorized version.
a different "purpose: as, to adapt a story or a translates, remodels, or reaiTanges a composi-
It was a foreign coin, probably the Persian
foreign play for the stage; to adapt an old ma- daric (which see), and is so rendered in the re-
tion or work, rendering it fit to be represented
chine to a new manufacture. 3. To make by on the stage, as a play from a foreign tongue %'ised version.
altering or fitting something else ; produce by adarme (ii-diir'ma), n. [Sp. adarnie, a dram;
or from a novel.
change of form or character: as, to bring out ((- perhaps represents the Ar. art. al, the, and
And, if these imaginary adapters of Homer modernized
a play adapted from the French ; a word of an his whole diction, how could they preserve his metrical
-dariiic the L. drachma : see dracliiiia and
adapted form. = Syn. 1. To adjust, accommodate, con- effects? De Quiitcey, Homer, iii. dram.'] A
Spanish weight, a drachm, the ICth
fonn.-~2. To arrange. part of an oimce, or the 256th part of a pound,
adaptt (a-4apt'), [Short for adapted, prob. 2. That which adapts; anrthing that serves equal (in Castile) to iJjj avoirdupois drachms.
suggested by apt.] Adapted ; fit ; suitable. the purpose of adapting or adjusting one thing Another form is adarcmc. In their origin, avoii-du-
It we take this dehnition of happiness, and examine it to another. Specifically
3. lu cheiii., a re- pois
. ^vciL'bt and the Spanish
.
svsteui were identical.
'
'

with reference to the senses, it will be acknowledged ceiver with two necks diametrically opposite, adarticulation (ad-ar-tik-u-la'shgn), - n. l<ad-

Tale of a Tub,
wonderfully adapt. Sivi/I, ix.
one of which admits the neck of a retort, while articulation.] Same as nrthnidia. +
(Providence] gave him able arms and back [Also written adaty, ad-
the other is joined to a second receiver, it is adatit (ad'a-ti), n. pi.
To wield a flail and carry sack. used in distillaticms to give more space to elastic vapors, aii.-', adaties, etc. ; of E. Ind. origin. Ct. Beng.
And in all stations active lie. or to increase the length of the neck of a retort.
Adapt to prudent husbandry. ^j^,,,^ (cerebral (/) or drat, a warehouse, a gen-
DTrfetj, Colin's Walk, i.
4. In optics : (a) A
metal ring uniting two oral store.] kind of piece-goods exported A
adapta- lengths of a telescope, (li) An attachment to f,.|,ui Bengal.
adaptability (a-dap-ta-bil'i-ti), .; 1)1.

[< adaptable: sen -hilili/.'] 1. The

bililir.i (-ti/.). a microscope for centering the illuminating aji- adauntt (a-dilnf), r. t. [< ME. adaunten, < OF.
quality of being adaptable ; a qimlity that ren- paratus or throwing it out of center. E. M. ndaulcr, "adonter, later addomtcr, <. a-' +jlantcr,
ders adaptable, ^g- Knight. [c) A
means for enabling object- dontcr, datmt: see n-H and tfauMf.] To sub-
No wonder that \i^^9Uch reaily adaptabilities they glasses made by different makers, and haWng due.
tNorwegians] made tli^est of emigrants. different screws, to be fitted to a body not spe- Adatinted the rage of a lyon savage.
Froude, Sketches, .'ik'clton, Hercules.
p. 77. cially adapted to receive them. E. H. Kuiijhl.
2. Specifically, in hioL, variability in respect 5.' glass or rubber tube, with ends differ- adawH (a-da'), r. [< ME. adawen, <a-
A dawcn, +
to, or under the influence of, external condi- ing in size, used to connect two other tubes K. dial, rfflw; see H-l and ftaii'l.] 1. intraHS, To.
tions; susceptibility of an organism to that or two pieces of apparatus. wake up ;
awake ; come to.
'
variation whereby it becomes suited to or adaption (a-dap'shon), H. [< adapt + -ion. CI. But a man thatwakith out of hisslep,
sire,
" He may not sodeyuly well taken keep
fittetl for its conditions of environment; the adoption, (adopt.] Adaptation the act of fit- ;

Upon a thing, ne seen it piirfytly,

capacity of an organism to be modified by cir- ting. [Rare.]
Til that he he adaiivd verrayly.
cumstances. Wise contrivances and prudent adaptioiis. Cfietiiu. I. 115(1. Chaucer, Merchant's Tale,
adaptable (a-dap'ta-bl), a. [< adapt -able.]
adaptional (a-dap'shou-al), a. Relating or + II. trans. To awaken; arouse from sleep or
Caiiiilile of being adapted ; susceptible of adap-
pertaining to adaptation, (U- the action of adapt- swoon. Chaucer.
tation.
ing: in hiol., applied to the process by whicli ada'W-t (a-da'), r. [First used in Kith centni-y
Yet, after all, thin, speculative Jonathan is more like
the F^nglishman of two centuries ago than John Bull hiin-
an organism is fitted or adapted to its en^'on- jierliaps < JIK. adairc, of dmrc, of da^c. or in '

Helf IS.
Hell is. He has lost somcwnai
ne somewhat in soiiuity, uaa become
solidity, has oeconie ment:
xn< w,, as, ,,.,,4jy,.v..r.,.
,..^, swellmgs.
(/r/;)/i(:)H(// .^..v..^^^^.
j fuller phrase of lyfc duicc, usually with verb
.

llinnt and adaptable, but more of the original ground- adaptitude (a-dap'ti-tud), . [< adapt
_,
-iludc, liringcn or doH," lit. bring or do (put) 'out of + .

work of character reni.ains. '

after apliludc.] Adaptedness ; special apti- (life) day,' i. e., kill, hence the sense quell,
Lincdl, Introd. to Biglow Papers, Ist ser.
tude, lirowning. subdue, assisted )irolj. by an erroneous etym.
adaptableness (a-dap'ta-bl-nes), n. Adapta- adaptive (a-dap'tiv), a. [< adapt -ive. Cf. < ad- awe, and jirob. also by association with + +
bility. adaplalirc.'i Of. jiertaining to, or characterized aduunt. Tho form dair, daunt, is later: see
adaptation (ad-ap-ta'shon), n. [< F. adapta- by adaiitation iiiakiiigur made lit nv suitalile (/nifl.] I. /)'((".s'. 1. To daunt (jucU; cow. ; ;. ;

tioii, < ML. adaiitatio(n-), < L. adaptare: see susceptiljle of or undergoing accoijdant change.
The ..^ight whereof did greatly him adaw.
adapt, v.] 1. The act of adapting or adjust- Much used in biology with reference to functioiuil or Spenser, h\ Q., III. vll. 13.
ing ; the state of being adapted or fitted ; ad- physiological changes occasioned by variations of i-xti r-
nal conditions or environment, as opposed to litiiii'tU'!fi>-al. 2. To moderate ; abate.
justment to circumstances or relations.
See adaptation, 3.
Hins to abate the brightnesse of his heme.
(oivcmmeiit, in a just sense, i.H, if one may say sr,,
tht-
.

science of Uf//i//(a/w/of
. .

variable in its elements, de- Tlic adaptiw power, that is, the faculty of adapting And fervour of his llamea somewhat nifaic.
means to proximate ends. .Sj)cn(T, K. tj., V. ix. .SS.
pendent upon eireunistances, and incapable of a rigid Aids to llellec, p. ITS.
Colerid'ie,
mathematical demon.Htratlon. II. intrans. To become moderated or less
Stnry, Jllsc. Writings, p. OKI. The function of selective discrimination with the c.mi vehement.
Mmit we not expe<-t that, with a goveniment also, spe- plementary iiower of adaptive response Is rcgariled a.^ the

cial u//rt/i/rt(io toulieenil implies non-rt(/a;)fn/iV* toother root-principle of mind. Scimcr, IV. IT. Tliiiewiih her wrutlifiill courage gnn appall,
eniU; //. Siieimr, .Social .Statics, p. .mi.
And haughtie spirits ineekely to adaw.
In the greater number of Mummals, the hones assiiiiie
.S/irim-r, V. IJ., IV. vl. 26.
2. That which ih adapted ; the result of alter- a very modified and adaptiir jiositioii.
[Also \vritton adatchit,
,litT.- iit use. a play tnins-
.Spicillcally,
ir. //. Fluuer, Osteology, p. 'JIJ. adawlet (a-dft'lot), .
iiitlmalely connected < Hind, 'lidiilat, < Ar.'addla{l), a cnuit of jus-
ir-tm a foreign btnguage or a novel, These resemblances, thoiigli su
<
for representatiiiii as, this coni- : with the whole life of tlicare ranked lis merely
liiiiig, tice, < Ilinil. and Ar. 'adi, justice.] In the l'",ast
I from a Krcnch rtuM "ailftplii'f or nrialot^i-at ilmraiierH." Indies, a ciiurt of justice, civil or criminal.
3. lageous variiitioM in animals Dnririn, Origin of S|M)cle, p. :i; 1
Ill
adawn (a-dan'), jiniK phr. as adr. or a. [<.a9
or pi" liinged conditions; thi' result
adaptively (a-duo'tiv-li), ndr. In an lulnii- + iIiiuik] Dawning; at the jioint of dawn.
ami Viiriubilily under, exter- live manner ;"with ailn|italion in an adjusteil adayt (a-da'),/-(7). phr. as adr. [< ME. (Klai/, ;

>>|ieriiti(>ii of external iiiflu- or fitting inaniier; with lilueas: as, "adap adoi; < S + daiiK] 1. By day. 2. On each
urganiBin, or a oharacter linlil inoililieil structuroH," Owen, OIuhh. .if diiy; daily.
I

mil as tlie rCMult of mik-Ii MatitMuiliii. Now writ ten a liaij, HOinetinieH a-daij. (See (/S. '

I ^14 Mill' of two prtlirlp.'il r:i<

adaptiveness (a-dap'tiv-nes), n. The quality adays (a-daz'), pret>. phr as adr. [< ME.
.,
fonnn, liidiK liii.' It
,.f the ..p|..nH. III. l..r
'.r hiiMg iiilaptive; capability of making or 111-
ailaijis, 'a ilaijis,
.
a daics .

: <- ' + daiis, adverbial

.ri jiiiv l^tVi'II I im<- l>, III- iiiiTiing tit.or suitable. giMi. sing, (now regarded as ace. \i\.) of day.']
fjllty. ! III!' illiiu adaptlyt (n-dapt'li), adr. In a Rultablo or (on It. By day; in the daytime.
i<h adniitatlnn and venient iiiimner ; ajitly; fitly. hut shift pretty well
I have mlseralilc iilghtii ; . . . I
bi npri'iuifil. 11), 1777.
I

atlajiM. ,Uihnntin to Mrs. Thralc, Mcll.

For active hornenmnHhlp adapllv lit.
In the tunetloiiii Pri'ir, Colin's Mlt.
On or in the day or time only in the com-
i
111. :i.
of .
I itb'in (if oniHim
,

2. :

pi. i.,,,iaiim i adaptnoBBt (n-tlnpt'neHV I. Thn Hl4itp of be- piiiind phrase noiradays (which see).
|< MK. ada.irn, < a- +
'' "
fxprt-Mloi)
r fiini tl
" im; III lid; u<hiptati<iM plnoHH: as, ;
"ndnpl- adazel (a-da/.'), r. I.
a ,\t
nisn of iho sound to the huuho," Kp ycnlon. (/<(.v< (/.ilin-.e: Hcrdii^i.] To dazzle. Sir T. More.
'I'lnl I'l n rule, tlliTC-
foro. adapiniion on Ik. |K<rol>r<l by It* roxiiltii only In Milton. ad capt. .\n iililirevialiiiii iit (((/ niiildiiiluni.
 ;

ad captandum 67 addicent
ad captandum (ail kap-tau'dum). [L. : ad, to, native name of a species of African antelope, of about 2 feet, of which the tail constitutes one eighth;
a ruminant, hoofed, artiodactyl quadruped, of the head is oval, with a blunt snout flic color varies
for; C(tpt(i}iiliiiii, goriiiid of rapture, eatcli, spizf, ;

from briiwn or olive to brownish-yellow variegated with

see captive,'] For t)i<.> jniipusc tlio subfamily .Ijf/Wo/jiHfc, family Bonidw ; the
,

<. aijxrf, tak(> :

a row of large confluent rhombic spots along the iniildle
of catehiufj;, as in the phrase ad euptandiiin rul- AntUope addax of Lichtenstein, Oryx addnx of hue of the back, atiil a row of small black or blackish spots
gus, to catch the rabble often applied adjec- : some, Oryx nasomactitatus of others, now Addax on each side. Though the adder is venomous, its bite is
not certainly known to be fatal.
tively to claptrap or meretricious attempts to nasomaculatus : the word addax thus becoming
catch popular favor or applause : as, ad cajitan- technically a generic name, after having been 2. A name loosely applied to various snakes
dum oratory. a technical specific tei-m, as well as originally more or less resembling the viper, Pelias herns:
adcorporatet (ad-kor'po-rat), V. t. [See accor- a vernacular appellation. The aildax is about o as (tt) By the translators of the authorized version of the
Bible, to several dittV-reut species of venomoiLS serpents, tb)
porati.] To unite, as one body with another; feet long, and about 3 feet lligh at the shoulder ; stout in
By the tr,anslat<u-s of Hacckel, to the suborder vl^iy/j/to-
the body, like the ass and with horns 3 or 4 feet long,
aeeorporate. ;
donta. (c) By the translators of Cuvier, U> the Linnean Qti-
slender, ringed, .spirally twisted into two or three turns,
add (ad), V. [< ME. addcH, < L. addere, < ad, ims Colulier in a large sense, (d) In the United States, to
to, + -dere for *dare, put, place: see do.] I. various spotted serpents, venomous or harmless, as species
of Toxicophis, Ileterodon, etc.
trans. 1 . To join or unite into one sum or ag-
gl'egate. Specifically, in math., to find the nicusure of
3. The sea-stickleback or adder-fish. See ad-
the sum of two or more iiuantities, or a combination of der-fish.
them into which each enters with its full etfect and inde- adder^ (ad'er), n. [< ad<l + -fjl.] 1. One who
pendently of the others. s< that an increase of any one of
>

the added quantities produces an equal increase of the

adds. 2. An instrument for performing addi-
tion.
Bum; used with torrclfirr or up: as, to add numbers to-
ffettier ; to add or add. tip a column of figures. adder-bead (ad'er-bed), . [(.adder'^ + bead.]
2. To unite, join, attach, annex, or subjoin as Stinie as tidder-stone.
an augmentation or accretion bring into coi'- ; adder-bolt (ad'er-bolt), n. [< arfderl + bolt^,
porate union or relation: with to before the from the shape of the body.] The dragon-fly.
subject of addition, and sometimes without an [Prov. Eng.]
expressed object when this is implied by the adder-fish (ad'er-fish), . [iadder^+fislO-.]
subject: as, add another stone, or another The sea-stickleback, fipinachia vulgaris, a fish
stone to the pile he continually added [goods
; of the family Gasterosteidte, distinguished by
or possessions] to his store to add to one's ; an elongated foim and the development of
grief. numerous dorsal spines. Also called adder and
Ye shall not add [auything] unto the word which I com- sea-adder.
mand you. Deut. iv. 2. adder-fly (ad'cr-fli), . l< adder^ -\- fly^.] A
And, to add greater honours to his age Addax of Eastern Africa (A. nasemacutatus). name in Great Britain of the dragon-fly. Also
Than man could give him, he died fearing God. called adder-bolt and flying adder. See dragon-
SItak., Hen. VIII., iv. 2. and present in both sexes. The eai-s and tail are long, the
latter terminated by a switch of hair; there are tufts of fly-
[I] add thy name,
O sun, to tell thee how I hate thy beams.
hair upon the throat, forehead, and tear-bag; the hoofs adder-gem (ad'er-jem), n. [< adder^ -t- jrem.]
Milton, P. L., iv. 36.
are large and semicircular, adapted for treading upon the Same as adder-stone.
shifting sands of the deseil. The general color of the ani-
They added ridge to valley, brook to pond. mal is whitish, with a reddish-brown head and neck, black adder-grass (ad'er-gras), n. [< adderl -(- grass.]
And sighed for all that bounded their domain. hoofs, and a white blaze on the face, whence the name A name used in the south of Scotland for Or-
Emerson, Hamatreya. rmsoma^rdatus. The addax is related to the oryx, but is chis maculata.
3t. To put into the possession of; give or generically as well as specifically distinct. The identity
of this animal with that mentioned by Pliny (see etymol-
adder-pike (ad'er-pik), n. [< adder'^ jjifcel.] +
grant additionally, as to a person. ogy), though known to Gesner, was overlooked by subse-
A local English name of the fish commonly called
The Lord shall mid to me another son. Gen. xxx. 24. quent naturalists until rediscovered by the travelers Riip- the lesser weever, Trachinus vipera. Also called
For length of days, and long life, and peace, shall they
pell, Heraprich, and Ehrenberg, who found the animal otter-pike. See weever.
known to the natives under a name like that ascribed to adder's-fern (ad'erz-fem), n. The common
add to thee. Prov. iii. 2.
the strepsiceros by Pliny.
polypody, I'olypodium vtdgare.
Added money,
club to
in sportiuf/,

Added Sixth, in music. See
sweepstakes.
money added by a jockey
2. [cap.] genus of antelopes of the subfam- A
adder's-flower (ad'erz-flou"er), n. The red cam-
ily Orygin(c, of which the addax, A. nasomacu-
w(A. Add in, to include. Add
up, to find the sum pion, Lychnis diurna.
of. = Syn. Add, Attach, A^ix, Annex, .adduce, adjoiu. latus, is the only species.
The first four words agree in denoting the increasing of a adder's-meat (ad'erz-met), n. name some-
addebtedt, a. [Sc. ; at first addettit, addetted, times given {a) to the English wake-robin,
A
thing by something additional. Add is the most general for eai'licr cnddtcd: see indebted.] Indebted.
term, but it may denote an intimate union of the things Arum macidatum (see cut under Arum), and (6)
combined, the formation of a whole in which the parts addecimatet (a-dos'i-mat), v. t. [< L. addcci-
matus, ijp. of aildccimare, < ad, to, decimare, to a ehickweed, Stellaria Holostea. +
lose their individuality as, to add water to a decoc-
tion; to add one sum to anothei'.
:

This idea is not ex- take the tenth : see decimate.] To take or as- adder's-mouth
(ad'erz-mouth), n. delicate A
pressed by any of the others. Attach (as also affix and orchid, Microstylis ophioglossoides, found in cool
certain the tithe or tenth part of ; tithe ; deci-
annex) denotes a more external combination it im-
mate. Cockeram.
; damp woods in North America, -svith a raceme
plies the possibility of detaching that which is attached :
of minute greenish flowers, and a single leaf
as, to attach a locomotive to a train. Hence we do not at- addeemt (a-dem'), t'. f. l<.ad- deem. Cf. ad-
.shaped somewhat like the head of a snake. +
tach, but add, one fluid to another. It generally retains its doom.] 1. To award; adjudge; sentence. adder^ + spit^.2
original notion of a strong connection, physical, moral, or adder-spit (ad'er-spit), . [<
Unto him they did addecme the
other : as, to attach a condition to a gift, a tag to a lace,
or one person to another. Affix may Ije used either of that
prise.
Spenser, F. Q., V^ iii. 15.
A name of the common brake, Pteris aquilina.
adder's-spear (ad'erz-sper), . Same a.sadder's-
which is essential to the value or completeness of the 2. To deem ; judge ; esteem account. ;
toiiguc.
whole, or of something that is wholly extrinsic or unre-
lated as, to affix a signature or seal to an instrument
; adder-stone (ad'er-ston), n. [< adder'^ + stone.]
She scorns to be addeemed so worthless-base.
Daniel, Civil Wars.
to affix, a notice to a post. To annex sometimes brings The name given in different parts of Great
the parts into vital relation : as, to annex territory, a codi- addendum (a-deu'dum), n. pi. addenda (-da).
Britain to certain rounded perforated stones or
;
cil to a will, or a penalty to a proliibition.
[L., gerimd of addere, add: see add.] A tiling
glass beads found occasionally, and popularly
Care to om* coffin adds a nail, no doubt. to be added an addition an appendix to a supposed to have a supernatural efficacy in
; ;
Dr. John Wotcot, E.xpost. Odes, xv.
Their names cling to those of the greater persons to
work Addendum-circle
which touches
(of a gear), in inach., a circle
tlu- ]iitiiitsuf the teeth. Addendum
of a
curing the bites of adders. They are believed by
archaeologists to have been anciently used as spindle-
whom some chance association attached them. tooth, in macfi., that pa it of the tooth of a gear which lies whorls, that is, small fly-wheels intended to keep up the
Mrs. Oliphant, Lit. Hist, of 19th Cent., III. 150. I^etween the iiitih-circle an<I the point. rotary motion of the spindle. Some stones or beads of this
In affixing his name, an attesting ^vitness is regarded as adder! (ad'cr), . [< ME. adder, addere, addre, or a similar kind were by one superstitious tradition said
certifying the capacity of the testator. Am. Cyc, XIV. 24. to have been produced by a number of adders putting
edder, eddre, etc., forms interchanging with the
Since the French iKition lias been formed, men have their heads together and hissing till the foam became con-
proposed to annex tliis ur that land on the ground that its
more correct nadder, nadd^re, naddre, nadre,
solidated into beads, supposed to be powerful charms
people spoke the French toTigue. neddere, neddre, etc. (through confusion of a against disease. Also called ovum antjuinum, serpent-
jB. a. Freeman, Race and Language, p. 111. nadder with an adder; ef. apron, auger, orange, stone, adder-bead, adder-gem, and in Wales ylain-neidr and
umpire, which have lost their initial n in the druidical bead. The last name is given upon the supposi-
II. intrans. 1. To be or serve as an addition;
be added with to as, the consciousness of same way), < AS. ncedre, nceddre Oii. nadra = = tion that these objects were used as charms or amulets by
the Drtiids.
: ;

folly often adds to one's regret. [Really tran- D. adder =

OHG. natara, natra, MHG. naterc, And the potent adder-stone,
sitive in this use, with the object implied or nater, G. natter =
leel. nathra, t., nathr, m., = Gender"d 'fore the autumnal moon.
imderstood. See I., 2.] 2. To perfoi-m the =
Goth. (frs Ir. nathair =
'W. neidr, a snake, a When in undulating twine
The foaming snakes prolific join.
arithmetical operation of addition. serpent. The L. natrix, a water-snake, is a dif- Jfason, Caractacus.
adda^ (ad'a), n. [Egypt.] A small species of ferent word, prop, a swi mm
er, < nare, swim.
If'.

Egj'jitian lizard, Scincits officinalis ; the skiuk.
It is called "officinal" on account of the repute in which
it has been held by Eastern physicians for its alleged effi-
cacy in the cure of elephantiasis, leprosy, and certain
other diseases common in the East. .See skink and .S'cuicu.?.
adda" (ad'a), . [Telugu adda (cerebral d).]
A measure used in India, equal to 8^ pints.
McElrath, Com. Diet.
addability (ad-a-bil'i-ti), n.
-bilitii.'] The quality of being addable.
svritteu addihiliti/.
addable (ad'a-bl), o. [< add -able.'] Capable
of being added. Also written addible.
addax (ad'aks), n. [L., in ace. nffcfacem, occur-
ring in PUny, who treats of the animal under
the name of strepsiceros, i. e., the twisted-horn;
a north African name, still used, it is said, in
the forms addas, and alcas, akesh.] 1. The
The word has no connection with alter, poi- adder's-tongue (ad'erz-tung), . The fern
Uphioglossum vulgatum : so called from the form
son, q. v.] 1. The popular English name of
of its fruiting spike. Also called adder's-spear.
the viper, Vipera communis, now I'elias berets, a
common venomous serpent of Europe (and the
See Ophioglossum Yellowadder's-tongue.a name
given to the plant Ertithronium Americanum.
only poisonous British reptile), belonging to
adder's-violet (ad'erz-vi*o-let), n. The rattle-
the family Viperidie, of the suborder Soleno-
snake-plantain, fhwdyera pubescens, alow orchid
glypha, of the order Ophidia. It grows to a length
of North America, with conspicuously white-
[< addable : see veined leaves.
Also adder's-wort (ad'erz-wert), n. Snakeweed, Po-
lygonum Bistorta : so named from its writhed
+ roots. Also called bistort, for the same reason.
addibility (tid-i-bil'i-ti), . Sec addability.
addible (ad'i-bl), a. See addable.
addicet (ad'is), n. An obsolete form of ad^.
addicent (ad'i-sent), n. [<L. addiccn{t-)s. ppr.
of addicere : see addict, v.] One who authori-
Adder, or Viper {Petias ieruj). tatively transfers a thing to another. JV'. . D.
 68 address
addict
see add.] 1. The act or process of adding or tion -with AS. adl, disease.] I. n. \. Liquid
addict (a-dikt'), V. t. [< L. addichis, pp. of filth; puti-id mine or raire; the di-ainage from
uniting, especially so that the parts remain
ad.itare'; devote, deUver over, prop, give one s
independent of one another: opposed to sub- a dunghiU. [Prov. Eng.] 2t. The dry lees of
assent to, < ad, to, dicere, say. declare.] 1. +
3. Same as <(?^/<'l.
traction or diminution: as, a sum is increased wine. Baileij: Ash.
To devote or give up. as to a habit or occupa- " '"
II. a. [Addle
""^
egg. ME. add ei/, equiv. to ML.
hyaddition; to increase a heap by t'le adrfJHoM
'
"
tion applv habituaUy or sedulously, as to a
;
ovum urina; lit. eggof ui-ine, a peiyversion of L.
of more. Speciflcally, in aritli., the uniting of two or
practice or habit: used reflexively: as, to ad- ovum iiviiium (PUny), repr. Gr. uAv ohpivov, a,
chanty he is more nimibers in one simi also, that branch of arithmetic
;

dict one's self to the exercise of ;

which treats of such combinations. .Si"i;i^ addition is the wind-egg (orpof, a wind). A popular etym. con-
addicted (addicts himself) to meditation, plea- adding of numbers, iiTcspective of the tliini;s ikiiotccl by
nected addle, as an adj., with idle: "An adle
sure, or intemperance. [Now most them, or the adding of sums of the same vlcnoniinulion. ;is
trequeutly
pounds to pouuds, oimces to ounees, etc. Compouml ad- egge, q. idle egge, because it is good for noth-
used in a bad sense.] dition is the adding of sums of ditfereut denominations, as ing" (Minsheu).] 1. Ha\'ing lost the power
the
Thev have addicted themselves to the ministry of 15- pounds, sliiUings. and pence to poimds, shillings, and of development and become rotten; putrid:
saints.-

I advise thee . .
1 ^'"'- ^"-
to addict thyself to the Study of Let-
pence, like being .idded to like. The adilitiou of nil kinds
of multiple quantity is performed according' to the prin-
applied to eggs. Hence 2. Empty; idle;
ters Cotton, tr. of Montaigne I2d ed.), I. 385. ciple of compotmd addition; thus, the atldition of two vain; barren; producing nothing; muddled,
devote, attach, imaginary quantities is eftected by adding tile real parts confused, as the head or brain.
2t To give over or surrender; together "to get the new real part, and the imaginary parts To William all give audience.
or assi^: ^-ield up, as to the ser\-ice, use, or to'get thenew imaginai-y part. Logical addition is a mode And pray ye for his noddle.
control of : "used both of persons and of things. of combination of tenns, propositions, or arguments, re. For all the Farie's eridence
suiting in a compound (the sum), true if any of the ele-
Yours entirely addicted, madam. Were lost, if that were addle.
B. Jonsftn, Cynthia's Revels, iv. 3. ments are true, and false only if all are false. Bp. Corbet, Farewell to the Faeryes.
2. 'The result of adding anj'thing added, whe-
land about is exceedingly addicted to wood.
;
The His brains grow addle.
Erebjn, Diary, April IS, 16S0. ther material or immaterial. Driiden, I'rol. to Don Sebastian, I. 24.

Specifically 3.
In Bom. laic, to deliver over Her youth, her beauty, innocence, discretion.
Without additions! of estate or birth, addle^ (ad'l), v. ;
prct. and pp. addled, ppr. od-
formally by the sentence of a judge, as a debt- .\re dower for a prince indeed. dling. l< addled, a.] I. trans. 1. To make cor-
or to the service of his creditor. = Syn. 1. Addict, Ford, Lover's Melancholy, v. 1. rupt or putrid, as eggs.
Dicole, Applii. accustom. These words, wlicrc they ap- Speciflcally (ii) In atitleor desit;nation .nniexed to
lair,
Themselves were chilled, their eggs were addled.
proach in meaning, are most used reUe.vively. Addict and a man's name to show his rank, occupati or place ot resi-
CowjKr, Pairing Time Anticipated.
drntr are often used in the passive. Addict lias iplitc lost
the idea of dedication; it is the jleldin'; to impulse. and
dence as, .lohn Doe, Exq. Richard Roe, Gent. Robert
;

Dale, .i/a.wK ; Thomas Way, of Boston.

:

Hence (6) An
;

,Hence
2. To spoU; make worthless or inef-
generally a bad one. Deivte retains much of the idea of epithet or any added designation or description a use : fective; muddle; confuse: as, to addle the
service or lovalty by hence it is rarely used of that
vow ; frequent in Shakspere, but now obsolete. brain, or a piece of work.
which is e\-il'. Addicted to every form of folly devoted to ;
They clepe us drunkards, and with swinish phrase
hunting, astronomy, philosophy. Applij is neutral moral- Shak., Hamlet, i. 4. His cold procrastination addled the victory ot l.epanto,
Soil our addition.
ly, and implies industry or assidnity : as, lie applied liim- as it had formerly addled that of St. tjuentin.
This man, lady, hath robbed many beasts of their partic- Simpson, Sch. Shak., I. 97. (.V. K. J>.)
self to his task, to learning.
ular additions! ; he is as valiaut as the lion, churUsh as the
Tlie Courtiers were all much addicted to Play. bear, slow as the elephant. Shak., T. and C, i. 2. 3. To manui-e -ndth liquid. [Scotch.]
Barfiam, Ingoldsby Legends, II. 7.
To become addled, as an egg;
(ct) In muxie, a dot at the side of a note indicating that II. intrans.
We should reflect that the earliest intellectual exercise its sound is to be lengthened one half. (</) In her., same hence, to to nouglit ; be spoiled. come
to which a young nation depotejt itself is the study of its as itH'H'1' ntntiuii. (e) In dt^tillintj, aii,\ thin^ added to tl
(ad'l). v.; pret. and pp. addled, ppr. ad-
laws. Jfni/ie, Village Communities, p. :J60. wiish or iiqai;>r when in a state of fcniuiitati -'Exer- addle'-^
That we m.ay aj^tj our hearts unt<i wisdom. Vs. xc. 12. else and addition. See exercise.- Geometrical addl-
'"<";/. [E. dial., also f(/(?/i', < 0(W/c,(((?/ch, ME.
tlon, or addition of vectors, tl liiiding of a vector earn, gain, Icel. odhlti, in refl. iitlhla.^l,'. sjiellod
addictt (a-dikf), a. [< L. addictus, pp. see the .e .idded are placed
:
quantity, S, such that if tbc vcc tors jjig,Q (rdhla.sk; win, gain, <
I
iidhal, patrimony .= AS.
verb.] Addicted. in a linear series, each alter the hrst beginning wliere thi To
etlieh home, dwelling, ju-operty.] I. trans.
Ifhe Ite addict to Wee, one before it ends. then, in whatever order they are taken.
Quickly him they will entice. if S be made to beuin where the first of the added vectors earn; accumulate gradually, as money. [North.
Shak., Pass. JMl., xxi. begins, it ends where the last ends. = Syn. 1. Adding, an- Eng.]
nexation. 2. Superaddition, appendage, adjunct, in-
addictedness a-dik'ted-nes), ( n. The quality or crease, increment, extension, enlargement, augmentation.
Parson's lass . . .

state of being addicted.

Muu be a guvuess, lad, or suinmut, and addle her bread.
addition (a-dish'on), v. t. It. To furnish with Tennj/son, Northern Farmer, N. S.
My former addictednew to make chymical experiments. an addition, or a designation additional to one's To produce or jaeld fruit lipen.
But/U: Il.t intrans. ;

name. \\'here ivy embraceth the tree very sore.

addiction (a-dik'shmi), . [< L. addictio{>i-), de- Some are addlttoned with the title ol lameatc. Kill ivy, else tree will nildle no more.
livi'rini.' upVatvardiug, iaddicerc : see addict, r.] Fiilli r. Worthies, Cambriiigeshire. Tusser, Five Htnuired Points (l.'J73), p. 47.
1. The state of being given up to some habit, 2. To combine add together. [Rare.]
;
addle'- (ad'l\ . l< addle", v.] Laborers' wages.
practice, or pursuit ; addictedness ; devotion. The breaking up of a whole into parts really precedes [Pniv. Eng.]
UaUiirell.
Ilis addiction was to courses vain. Shak., Hen. V., i. 1. in facility the additioninii of parts into a whole, for the
reason that the power of destruction in a child obviously
addle-brain (ad'l-bvau), n. [< adille^, a.. +
From our Genuan forefathers we inherit our phlegm, hrdin.} A
stupid Inuigler; an addle-pate.
our steadiness, our domestic habitudes, and our unhappy precedes the power of construction.
addiction to spirituous liquors.
I'op. Set. Mo., X.WII. (iir. addle-headed (ad'l-hed'ed), a. [< addle^, a., +
W. R. Grey, Misc. Essays, 2d ser., p. 1:1. additional (a-dish'on-al), a. and n. [=F. ad- head + -ed".} Stupid; muddled. An equivii-
Southcy, in a letter to William Taylor, protests, with (lilidiind, < L. as if 'additionalis, < additio(,n-): lent form is addle-pated.
much emphasis, against his addiction to words *'wliic]i spQ aitdilidii.] I. a. Added; supplementary. addlement (ad'1-ment), n. [< addle^, v..+
are so foreign as not to be even in .lohnson's farrago of a
F. Halt, Mod. Kng., p. 1X>. F.very month, every day indeed, iiroduces itsown novel- -ni( iit.1 The process of addling or of becom-
dictionary."
ties, i'tb the iiddillniial zest that they are novelties. ing addled. X. E. I).
2. In lioin. law, a formal giving over or deliv- De t^uincey. Style, iv.
[< addle^, a., + pate.]
addle-pate (ad'l-pat), .
ery by sentence of court hence, a suiTeiider or
dedication of any one to a master. \. E. 1).
;
Additional accompaniments,
/ifniiitieiit.
in muxic. .See aeeoui-
A stupid person.
It is quite too overpowering for such addle. pates as this
ad diem (ad ili'em). [L. : ad, at, to; diem, ace. n. ". Something added; an addition. [Rare.] gcntlenniu anil myself. Mrs. Craik, Ogilvies, p. 138.
of ilic.1, day sec dies, ilial.']
: In Uiir, at the day. Slany thanks for the additio7inls you are pleased t" addle-pated (ad'l-))a'''ted), a. [As addlc-pnie
adding-machine (ad'ing-ma-shen"), H. [< add- coimnunicate to me, in contiinnincc of Sir Philip Sidne,v'>
ing, vcrbiil n. of machine.'] An instru-
add, + Arcadia. lluirell. Letters, iv. + -m/'-.J Same as aildle-heiifled.
ment or a iiiai-hiiie intended to facilitate or additionally of addle-plot (ad'1-plot), n.
(a-dish'on-al-i), adv'. [< addU\ v.,
By^ way olg. +
perform the addition of numVjers. See calcii- MMitii"
" iilol-.]
' A iierson who spoils any amusement;^

a niarsjioi't or marplot.
latin'i-niaehine, arilhmomeler. additionaryt (a-dish'on-a-ri), a. Additional. + =
addist, ". An o>).solete form of adz. \\ bat is necessarv. and what is additionarii.
addle-pool (airi-piil), . [< addled pool^;

Addisonian fad-i-s6'ni-an), a. [The suriianii- llerttert. Country I'ars xwi. East Piios. aileljKil.'] pool of lilthy water. A
Ilallnvell. [Prov. Eng.]
Adtlimin, ME. Adcmn, isequiv. to Adamnon, i. c. addititious (ad-i-tish'us), a. [< LL. addilieiiis,
adilitus, add: sec addling' (ad'ling), . [Verbal u. of adille^, r.]
Adsm'H Kon. Cf. Atchison.l Pertaining to or aililitiiiiial, < 1-. (Kident, ]i]).
reHCmbliiig tlie English author .Nisepli Addison Additivo; additional; characterized by iidil.]
1. Di'coiniio.sition of an egg. 2. Muddling of
till' wits.
or Ills wrilings: as, an Addi.vinuni style. been added. [Wnre.] liaviiig
It w.t-. no part <'f bis pbtn U> enter into competition additive (ad'i-tiv), a.
L< NL. addilinis,
added, addling'-^ (ad'ling), n. [Verbal n. of addle'^, i'.]
Willi tb- .\.l,loi,mn writers. The C-nlur,i, X.XVII. 1127. < \j. addere, pji. addilus, iidd sec aild.] T" be 1. Till' act of earning by labor. 2. /</. That
:

wliicli is earned; earnings. Also written ad-
Addison's cheloid (ad'i-sonz ke'lold). See added; of llio niiliirc of nil addition; liclping
lini/s. [North. Eng.]
to increase; as, an additive correction (a cor-
Addison's disease (ud'i-sonz di-zc/.'). See rection to be added). addoomt (a-iloni'), I'. '. [(.ad- + dooni. Ct. ad-
for all "( It, as
deim.] To adjudge.
Tile general BUin of such work Is greiil ;

lit iiid'i-ta-raont),n. [< L. addila- xennine, tends towards one goal ; all of it IsmWidiv none Into me aifrfooiii that Is iny dew.
silbtnictlve. Carljile, Hero Worship, Iv. .s'/ieiiKir, V. tj., VII. vll. M.
II i:or(.a.He, (.addittui, pp. of addrrr, of It

nd<l All adilition; Hotoi'tliiiig added. additively (ad'i-tlv-ll), adv. By way of uddi- addorsed, See adorscd,
/'. a.
li '' 1' lire rertain additani. nl.. that tiiiii ill an iidditive manner. ; address di-dres'), v.; ])ret. and pp. aildrciscd
criniro It- itl.l tlHO. additor (nd'i-lor), n. [< L. as if 'addilor, <ail- (also adilresi), jipi'. iiililresving. [< ME. ailrct.icti,
1/ llaU, (Iriuin of .Miiiikliid litre. |,|>. add: soo </(/.] A pit
(/(W/Vi'w, ofliiiU- <(1E. iiilre.v.ter, adre.'<sier, tidre.iier, earlier ad-
In ll. i.iU ;i< ill t. bill. 'I .u> .1
wi.rli I'oriiddingangli'K. funning part of Kenqic's veseer, adreeer, iidrieier, etc., K. ailresser =
Pr.
rh.
:ijiiiMniliiK for doHcritfiiig algebraic curves. ailrci/sar = Sp. ailere:iir = Pg. adere^ar = It . <i(U

atlditory (ad'i-to-ri ). a. < L. as if addiloriiis . i/i')'ii,-ir,< ML. 'addricHare (addreliare, adilrcs-

additamentar\ nofriM-ri),0. PlTtlllll-
Kio iiildilor.'] Adding or
I

cii)iiiblo of adding; sure, etc.) for 'nildirei tiiire, < (/(/, to, + 'dric-

inir I..' ;;,. mailing Home addition. .Irliiithiiiil. (Knrr.| Hare, 'ilirectiarr, iiiiiki' striiight, > OK. drescer,
-
-f nil ii<iililiiiuent ; luldi-
ml-, and dri:fs, i',] I.
.

see -' '.

lioiiiil. addle' fad'l), . and a. \< .\ll',. tidel (uh in '"''' E. r/lT.v.v
i/rr'.VNrr, > .*

HI, loldlo I'u'g), orig. a iMiiiii, < AS. ailela, iiiikI, IriiiiK. It. Priiiiiii'ily, In nuikcdiri'i't orslraiglit;
TliP nnt(,,riiiii . .ri'/'ii/dfftfinfar^/lMiiiMWhlchArr met
.

olth In .rl.l CUM n( oi, aillirilta. = .Ml,(i. adele, mini, == KiihI Fries. </</, iliiiig Hlniiglilen, or straigliliii up; hence, to bring
r IMiH't. Hy<t of Hllrf IV. 'J7. , ('/iiilelin,frnil, comp. iiileliiiil, addUi-pool of. ; iiilo line or order, as Irooiis (see drcHs); niiike
addition (A-<lish'ni, n. [<.ME. /Miri, omn, Lowland Sc. addle dnh. (lllliy pool), = OSw. ii right in general; arriiiigo, redress, as wrongs,
< k'. atUititm, < L. ad'hliii(n'), < ndderr, incrcuKi' : nilel, in comp. Ico-uilel, cow-uriiie. No connoc- (lie. ,V. ft'. It.
2f. To direct in a course nr to
 address ed adductor
an end impart a direction to, as toward an ob-
; ing in intercouTBe; accost: as. Sir is a title of adduce (a-dus'), *' ' pret. and pp. adduced, ;

ject or a <lestination aim, as a missile apply ; ; address ; he is a man of good address. Hence ppr. adducing. [< L. adducerc, lead or bring
directly, as action. [Still used, in the game of 3. The attention paid by a lover to his mis- to, < ad, to, + ducere, lead see duct, duke.'\ To :

golf, in tlie phrase "to address a ball," and tress; courtship; pi. (more commonly), the acts bring forward, present, or offer; advance; cite;
sometimes in poetry.] of courtship; the attentions of a lover: as, to name or instance as authority or evidence for
Imbrasides addrest his javeline at him. Chapman, Iliad. pay one's addresses to a lady. what one advances.
Good youth, address thy gait unto her. Slialr., T. N., i. i. As some coy nymph her lover's warm address Reasons good
Not quite indulges, nor can quite repress, I shall adduce in due time to my peers.
Then those eight niiglity dangliters of the plough Browning, Ring and Book, I. 313.
Bent their broad faces toward us and addrcss'd I'ope, Windsor Forest, 1. 19.

Their motion. TcHiuiaon, The I'rincess, iv. Tell me whoso address thou favour'st most. The speculations of those early Christian theologians
Addison, Cato, 4. who adduced the crying of the new-born babe in proof of
8. To direct the energy or force of subject to
i.
;
its innate wickedness. J. Fiske, Cos. Phil., I. 105.
the effort of doing; apply to the accomplish- A gentleman made his addresses to me. Addison.
. . .

= S3rn. Addu^:e, Allege, Assign, Advance, Offer, Cite. Offer

ment of used retlexively, with to : as, he ad-
: 4. An utterance of thought addressed by .and as.ngn are the least forcible of these words. To e^er
dressed himself to the work in hand. speech to an audience, or transmitted in writ- is simply to present for acceptance. may offer a plea, We
Tllis was a practical question, aiul tlicy (tlie framers of ing to a person or body of persons usually, an ; .an apology, or an excuse, but it may not be accepted. We
the Amerieau Constitution] addressr.d themselves to it as expression of views or sentiments on some may assign a reason, but it may not be the real or only
men of knowledge and judgment should. reason which might be given by us. We may advance an
Lowell, Democracy.
matter of direct concern or interest to the per- opinion or a theory, and' may rite authorities in support of
son or persons addressed; a speech or dis- Allege is the most positive of .all those words. To al-
4. To direct to the ear or attention, as speech
it.

course suited to an occasion or to circum- lege is to make an unsupported statement regarding some-
or writing; utter directly or by direct trans- thing: to adduce, on the other haml, is to bring forward
stances as, to deliver an address on the events
:
mission, as to a person or persons: as, to ad- proofs or evidence in support of some statement or propo-
of the day; a.n address ot congratulation; the sition ah-eady made as, he alleged that he had been robbed
dress a warning to a friend, or a petition to :

address of Parliament in reply to the queen's by A. B,, but adduced no proof in support of his allegation.
the legislatiu-e.
speech. I too prize facts, and am adduriixi notliing else.
The young hero had addressed his prayers to him for
his assistance. Dryden. It was, therefore, during a period of considerable polit- Vhaiuung, Perfect Life, p. 177.
ical perturbation that Mr. Bright put forth an address Toallegethe real or supposed primeval kindred between
The supplications which Fi'ancis [Bacon] addressed to
dated January :ilst, 1S37. Magyars and Ottomans as a gr(unid for jjolitical action
his uncleand aunt were earnest, humble, and almost ser-
vile. Macaulay, Lord Bacon. J. Barnett Smith, John Bright, p. 23. ... is an extreme case.
E. A. Freeman, Race and Language.
5. To direct speech or writing to ; aim at the 5. A formal request addressed to the executive
by one or both branches of a legislative body, To some such causes as you have assigned, may be
hearing or attention of ; speak or write to as, :
ascribed the delay which the petition has encoimtered.
to address an assembly he addressed his con- ;
requesting it to do a particular thing. Washington, in Bancroft's Hist. Const., I. 372.
stituents by letter. The Constitutions of England, of Massachusetts, of
The views
Pennsylvania, autliorized the removal of an obno.xious I shall advance in these lectures.
Tliough lie [Ctesar] seldom addresses the Senate, he is Beale, Bioplasm, 2.
considered as the finest spealier tliere, after tlie Consul. judge on a mere address of the legislature.
U. Adams, John Randolph, p. 132. If your arguments be rational, offer them in as moving
Maeaulay, Fragments of a Roman Tale.
The power of address, whenever it has been used in this a manner as the nature of the subject will admit. Swift.
Straightway he spake, and thus addt-ess'd the Gods.
M. Arnold, Balder Dead. commonwealth, has been used to remove judges who liad adduceable (a-du'sa-bl), a. [(.adduce + -tihle.'i
not violated any law. W. Phillips, Speeches, p. 161.
6. To apply in speech ; subject to hearing or See adducible.
notice: used retlexively, with to; as, he ad- 6. A
direction for guidance, as to a person's adducent (a-du'sent), a. [< L. adducen{i-)s,
dressed himself to the chairman.
abode hence, the place at which a person re-
; ppr. of adduccre : see adduc( .'] Bringing to-
sides, or the name and place of destination, gether di'awing one thing to or toward an-
Our legislators, our candidates, on great occasions even ;

our advocates, address themselves less to the audience with any other details, necessary for the di- other perfoiming the act of adduction ; having
;

than to the reporters. Maeaulay, Athenian Orators. rection of a letter or package : as, what is youi- the function of an adductor: opposed to ab(lu-
7. To direct for transmission; put a direction
present address f the address or superscription cent : chiefly or exclusively an anatomical term,
or superscription on as, to address a letter or :
on a letter. applied to certain muscles or to their action.
parcel to a person at his residence ; to address Mrs. Dangle, shall I beg you to offer them some refresh- See adductor, a.
ments, and take their address in the next room ?
newspapers or circulars. Shendan, The Critic,
adducer (a-dii'ser), n. One who adduces.
adducible (a-du'si-bl), a. [< adduce + -ible.']
i. i!.

Books .not intended for

. . the persons to whom . . .

they are addressed, but for sale, are liable to customs

. . .
7. In eqiiiti/ pleading, the technical description Capable of being adduced. Sometimes (but
duties upon entering Colombia.
. . IT. S. Postal Gttide,
.
in a bill of the court whose remedial power is very rareljO spelled adduceable.
8. To direct attentions to in courtship; pay
sought.
8. lu cnm., the act of despatching or
Here I end my specimens, among the many which might
consigning, as a ship, to an agent at the port of be given, of the arguments adducible for Ciuistianity.
court to as a lover.
To prevent the confusion that miglit arise from our
destination.
9t. Formerly used in the sense J. H. Nenmian, Gram, of Assent, p. 478.

both addressinfj the same lady, I sliall e.xpect the honour

of preparation, or the state of preparing or
being prepared, and in various applications adduct
(a-dukf), v. t. [< L. adduetus, pp. of
of your company to settle our pretensions in Kings Mead
adducerc: see adduce.'] If. To di-aw on; in-
Fields. Sheridan. arising therefrom, as an appliance, array or
duce allm-e. ;
She is too fine and too conscious of herself to repulse dress, etc. N. E. D.=SYn.. l. Tact, cleverness. 2.
any m<in who may address her. See port. 4.
Oration, Harangue, etc. (see speech), lecture, Either impelled by lewd disposition or addueted by hope
Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 316. discourse, sermon.
6. Residence, superscription. of rewarde. Time's Storehouse, p. 680.

9. To prepare ; make ready : often with to or addressee (a-dres-e'), n. [< address, v., -ee-.'] + 2. In physiol., to bring to or toward a median
for. One who addressed; specifically, one
is to line or main axis. See adduction, 2.
The five foolish virgins addressed themselves at the whom anj-thing is addressed.
The pectineus and three adductors adduct the tliigh
noise of the bridegroom's coming. Jer. Taylor. The postmaster shall also, at the time of its arrival, powerfully. //. Gray, -\nat., p. 412.
Tumus addressed his men to single fight. notify the addrex^tee thereof that such letter or package
Dryden, jEneid. has been i-eceived. adduction (a-duk'shon), n. [< ML. addiictio(n-),
To-morrow for the march are we address'd.
Reg. of the U. S. P. 0. Dep., 1874, iii. .^.2. < L. adducerc, pp. adduetus: see adduce.'} 1.
Shak., Hen. V., iii. 3. The strong presumption this offers in favour of this The act of adducing or bringing foi-ward some-
Hence 10+. To clothe or array; dress; adorn; youthful nobleman [Lord Southampton] as the addressee
of the sonnets is most strsmgely disregarded by Shaksperian
thing as evidence in support of a contention or
trim. an argument. [Rare.]
specialists of the present day. N, and Q., 6th ser., X. 22.
Other writers and recorders of fables could have told An adduction of facts gathered from various quarters.
you that Teela sometime addressed herself in man's ap- addresser (a-di-es'er), n. One who addresses Is. Taylor.
parel. Bp. Jeivell, Def. of Apologie, p. 375. or petitions. Specifically (with or without a capital
2. (a) 1r physiol., the action of the adductor or
letter), in the reign of Charles II. of England, a member
11. In com., to consign or intrust to the care of of the country party, so called from their address to the
adducent muscles. (6) In surg., the adducent
another, as agent or factor: as, the ship was king praying for an immediate assembly of the Parlia- action of a surgeon upon a limb or other mem-
addressed to a merchant in Baltimore. ment, the summons of which was delayed on account ot its ber of the body the position of a part which
;

being adverse to the court ; an opponent of the com-t party

Il.t intrans. 1. To direct speech; speak, is the result of such action the opposite of ab- :
or Abhorrers. They also received the name of Petitioners,
ily lord of Burgundy, and afterward that of Whigs. See abhorrer. duction. In either use, adduction consists in bringing a
We first address towards you. Shak., Lear, i. 1.
Skilful; dexterous. limb to or toward the long axis of the body, so that it
addressful (a-dres'fvd), a.
shall be parallel therewith or with its fellow or in bring-
2. To make an address or appeal. Mallet.
;

ing together two or several similar parts, as the spread fin-

The Earl of Shaftesbury, having addressed in vain for his addressing-machine (a-dres'ing-ma-shen"), . gers of the human hand, the opened shells of a bivalve
majesty's favour, resorted by habeas corpus to the King's
Bench. Marrell, Growth of Popery.
An apparatus for placing addresses on news- mollusk, etc.
paper-WTappers, etc. adductive (a-duk'tiv), a. [< L. as if *adduc-
3. To make preparations get ready. [< address. tivus, < adducerc, pp. adduetus : see adduce.]
Let us address to tend on Hector's heels.
;
addressiont (a-dresh'on), 11. Cf.
compression, etc.] Tlie act of addressing or Adducing or bringing forward.
Shak., T. and C, iv. 4.
directing one's course; route; direction of a adductor (a-duk'tor), H. and a. [L., a pro-
They ended parle, and both addres.s'd for fight. curer, lit. one who di'aws to, < adducere, pp.
Milton, P. L., vi. 296. journey.
To Pylos first be thy addression then. adduetus: see adduce.] I. .; pi. adductors
address (a-dres'), n. [=F.
adresse, n. from the ;
Chapman, Odyssey, i. 438. (-torz) or adductoris (ad-uk-to'rez). In anat.
verb.] i. Power of projierly directing or
addressmentt (a-dres'ment), K. [< p. adj-essc- and ::odl., that which adducts specifically, the ;
guiding one's own action or conduct; skilful name of several muscles which draw certain
management; dexterity; adroitness: meiit (Oot^rave) see address and -ment.'i The
:
as, he parts to or toward one common center or median
managed the affair with address. act of adth'cssiug; the act of directing one's
attention, speech, or effort toward a particu- line the opposite of abductor. The word is also ap-
:

Here Rhadaraanthus, in his travels, had collected those plied to various muscles not specifically so named thus,
lar point, person, or object.
;

inventions and institutions of a civilized people, which he the internal rectus of the eye is an adductor of the eyebalL
had the address to apply to the confirmation of his own addubitationt (a-du-bi-ta'shon), [<L. addu- n. The muscles which close the shells of bivalves are generi-
authority. J. Adams, 'Works, IV. 505. hitatus, pp. of addnhitare, incline to doubt, < ad, cally termed adductors. See cuts under Lanullibra nehiata,
There needs no small degree of address to gain the repu-
tation of benevolence without incurring the expense.
to, -1- dahitarc. doubt see doid)t.'\ doubting;
: A Waldheimia, and Produetidcf. Aid\XCtOT arcuum, the
adductor of the arches, a muscle of the side of the neck
Sheridan, School for Scandal, v. 1.
insinuated doubt. of some Batrachia, as jl/iojoio. Adductor brancM-
That this was not a vuiuersall practice, it may appeare axum, the adductor of the gills, a muscle of some Batra-
8. Direction or guidance of speech the act or
;
by St. Austins addubitation. chia, as Menobranchus.
Adductor bre vis (the short ad-
manner of speaking to persons ;
i)ersonal bear- J. Denison, Heavenly Banquet (1619), p. 363. ductor), adductor longus (the long adductor), adductor
 adductor 70 adenomyoma
cbucuuiiiyuuia.
inagnus (the ereat adductor), three addactormnscles of somata, and making the third section consist ot the order ailonj
the human thigh, arising from the pelvis and inserted in /Wnoia(a aCleni-. ,
^ (lth',10-.
hame
as 7
tliesi ordinal names beiu" all Leachwi
thelineaasperaof the femur. Adductor dlgiUtertu, " '"" adeiUa
oepliii- Westw.wd s J,?rirtA,<Mo,a(. (a-ile'ui-ii), H. [XL./ Gr. n-im- a "-land!
^g?Sof^*LS^L";^lt1;;^^^^^ adelartmosomatous (ad-f-lar-thro-so'ma- 1- A
name which has been applied to'stnunou.
the chamele. m. Adductor mandibulse, inCrmtacei, a *")> "Being indistinctly jointed- having tKe ^yP"'""'' 'hronic adenitis, and to Hodwkiu's
muscle which adducts thr nmn.liiilf, and so brings to-
eethrr.the opposite si.lisw- tlu- upper jaw.- Adductor
body indistinctly segmented; specifically of or
^J''
i'^^'^se.
2. [co/i.] In .;<>/., a genus of dipter-
ous insects. J)esioi(iy, 1863.
pertaining to the J(/(/)-iTOOH(of((
^^"^^ir^^ ^'4ucS,".he^'cKf
great [dthtr masiles of the digits
having
0",^; aLlaster^d-f -las'ter), . \^l:;<
not manifest, + d<Tr?/p, star (in ref. to the flower) 1
Gr. a6,?.,, adeniforin(a-den'i.f6%orad'e-ni.f6rm), .. [<
" ''' \"'^"'-)t ^ gland, L. -J'ormin, <J)>rmii, +
tut-, the same T'"'
fusion are sometimes called adductore.] A proposed name for such plants as come into ^l^-'^P'"-]
Of a gland-like shape.
II.Uf or pertaining to an adductor; having cultivation before thev are sufficiently ^eU *'^^i*i^ <^'**^"^"'^''^'^)' " i'^'^-,<GrT.hSriv(a/iev.),
the funenon of adduetmg; adducent as, the : known to be referred to their true genera ^ glaml, -itis.1 +
Inflammation of a gland, es-
orfrfMctormuscles of the thigh: opposed to (ife-
ductor.-Adductor Impressions, in coiicA., the scars
adelfisch (a'del-flsh), n. [G., <
+ -fisch ='E. fish.'] A name of a EuioDean nnbility mM pe"all.v of a lymphatic gland.
^**^(^"'^''"S'ko), . [Native name.] Acala-
S'eS'^etr th\"1Sett'm.S?!St"h?c7borl'%t: ^P^"^ ^ ^'^t^fi^l^' Corego,u.. lavaretusf sy- ''^^ '^J^^ourd used on the Gold Coast of Africa
ciborium.) there are generally two. an anterior and a po?- nonvmous with lavaret (which see). I<" holding liquids, and generally decorated by
tenor, as in the clam, but often only one, as in the oyster adelingt, . Obsolete fonn of athelinq camngs in low relief or incised linos.
(") In <""". Adelobranchla (ad"e-16-biang'ki-l'), / adeno-. [Combining form (arfcH- before a vowel,
???*^.'J?.1C^'"'"S1;"t^'*?,'^",*''P'=?^=-
Or drf.Aor, not manifest, +%ay^% -^-- regarded as Latin) of Gr. a.S^ (dW)
^^.^cri'^rrogetl^ir iSse'",hr4"'^si;;
lusks. .See cut under WdidAeiMia.
^.S^. PJ^-- <
gills.] 1. A family name for gastropods in ?;g"'i"i-J An element compound words of m
addulcet (a-duls'), v. t. [< late ME. admilce, < ^vhieh therespii'atory cavity has a slit-like out- ^reek ongm, meaning gland.
OF. adotilcir, earlier adidcir, adolcir, F. adoucir let and is without a siphon." The term includes S'denocarcinoina (ad e-uo-kar-si-no'ma), n.; pi.
<'SrL.'adduIc>re,<h.ad,to,+ ditlcis,aweet: see the pulmonates as well as the marine forms 'J<J^>>w<ircniomata (-ma-tii). [NL., <Gr. dS,}v
dulce.'iTo sweeten. DumerU, 1807. 2. An ordinal name for the ^ gland, + Kap/canj/ia see earcinoma.'\
(''''v> :

Some mirth f addulce man's miseries Herrick true pulmonates. Bisso, 1826. A tumor which deviates from the true gland-
-adel. [(1)< F. -ade, < Pr. Sp. or Pg. -ada or adelocodonic(ad'e-16-k6-don'ik), a. [<GT.h6r,- structure characterizing the adenomata, but
It. -ata, < L. -ata, f. ; (2) < Pr. -^ Sp or Vs ^^> ^* manifest, + kuSuv, a bell, the head of a ,
'' "* '^* .
^^^^ ^''"^ ^^ much as a typi-
-arfo, or It -ato, < L. -a to, m., pp. suflis of Aower.] In coo/., noting the condition of agon- ^al carcinoma.^ hee adenoma.
verbs in -re . see -afel. The native F form is opliore when no developed umbrella is present, aaenocele (ad e-no-sel), n. [< Gr. ddiyv (idfr-),
-^e, OF. -f, whence in older E. -v.- ef.nmv(F ) ^eoe. a gland, + o///;;, a tumor.] Same &s adenoma.
adelomorphous (ad"e-16-m6r'fus), aaenochirapsologyt
withor;ada(Sp.),ult.<L. araoVa.] 1 suffix A 0. [< Gr.
(ad'e-no-ki-rap-sol'o-ji),
of nouns of French or other Romance origin ''?'of, "ot manifest, + /iop^//, form.] Of a form !' "-V (ad-), a gland,
L\Or. xetpaijua, a +
as accolade, ambuscade, brigade, cannonade, lem'- ^^^'^'^ 's mconspicuous or not apparent ap- loucjiiiig with the hand (ixe'P, hand, iiTTTeiv, +
:

.'^"'>"'' < '*' J""; speak

onade, etc., or of (a few) EngUsh nouns formed
on the same model, as blockade, oranqeade
A suffi-x of nouns of Spanish or Italian origiil
(originaUy masculine form of preceding), as
brocade, renegade, etc. It also appears in the
Spanish form -ado, as in rem nado, desperado
-ade2. i<F. -ade, <h.-<,s i-ad-), <Gt -ac (-al)
fern, suffix: see -rf2.] A
suffix of Greek origin'
now usually -ad, as iu decade (sometimes decad)
T^^^^ *" ^^^ so-caUed principal or central ceUs }^^ I' t :
see -o/or/;/.]
/'^' doctrme of the reputed power of kings
2 *** ^^^ cardiac glands of the stomach.
adelopneumon (ad"e-lop-nii'mon), n. One of * '^'^.'^ diseases, as scrofiUa or kings evil, by
the 1,W7),.. touching the patient: a word used as the title
Adelopneumona (ad"e-lop-nii'm6-na), n. pi "} " ''"^^ "j' *''"* subject published in 1684.
[NL.,<Gr.dc!;;/.of, not manifest, + T7"rei>'ui., lung: aaenocnondroma (ad e-no-kon-dro'mii), n.;
see pneumonia.-] A name sometimes given to the V\: "'{''lochondromata (-ma-tii). [NL., < Gr.
"">perculate terrestrial gastropods, in allusion ""V ("^fv-}, a gland, + ;i-^).(5po<:, cartilage, -I-
* ^'^^ melosuie of the pulmonary cavity by the ""'",''' '1; Y--' * tumor consistmg of glandiUar .

nomade (usually nomarf, like numad, triad etc )' "^'"^ ^ ^'^'^ mantle with the nape, except at a '\"'' cartilaginous tissue.
adeb (ad'eb), H. [Ar.] An Egyptian weight lateral aperture sj-nonymous with PiriwoH/r^ra.
:
^".^'^''^y^ia (ad 'e-no-din'i-ii), >i. [NL.,<Gr.
equal to 210 okes. See oA<?. adelopod, adelopode (a-de'16-pod, -pod), n. '"'V (."''')' ^ gland, + orSuv/, pain.] Inpathol,
adeedt, adv. Indeed. [< Gr. u()///of, not manifest, +' irorf {7:06-) E. 'V'"'
'" ^ gland =
or the glands adenalgia. m ;

Say did yeilccch and speak them fair?' "AdeediiA f""'-'^ An animal whose feet are inconspicu- ^.'^SrapniC (ad"e-no-graf'ik), a. Pertain-
I." <|uo Bottom. Ulackuwidg May., XXII. 4iM ous or not apparent. '"g "' ailenography.
adeem (a-dem'), f. . [< L. (/^re, take away, -adelphia. [NL.,<Gr.-a(5;i^<a,<ode;^(5f, brother, adenography (ad -e -nog 'ra-fi), n. [<Gr. a<5i^
< arf, to, +
cHicrf, take. Ct redeem.] Inlaw '"'"W, sister, lit. co-uterine, < d- copulative + ("^"->v.ag'a'ia, + -}7)afa,<3/)d((if(v, write.] That
to revoke (a legacy), either (1) by implication, ^<:^-9'e, uterus.] In bot., the second element, I'f^ ,^^ descriptive anatomy which treats of
as by a different disposition of the bequest dm-- signifying fraternity, in the names of the ITtli, ^ j ,, . ,

mg the life of the testator, or (2) by satisfaction l*^"'i and lUtli classes {ilonadelphia, IHadiApUia, aaenoia (ad e-noid), a. [< Gr. hSevoet,V,c, glaudi-
of the legacy iu advance, as by delivery of the and J-oli/adHphia) of the Linnean system of ''.''' < f"''/" ("ot"'-), a gland, tidof, form: see +
thing bequeathed, or its equiya"lent, to the lega- sexual classifiiatiou, used to denote"the coa- '",' \ 1" the form of a gland ; glandiform;
,
"

tee during the lifetime of the boqueather. leseciice of stamens by their filaments into K'aiidular.-2. Of or pertaining to glands, es-
A specific legacy may be admned """' '" o, or more sets. JJCcially to those of the lyni])liatic system.
if the subject Ade-
of it ....tin existence at the time of the testators
I,,,-
death. Adelphian (a-dcl'fi-an), n. \<Gr. aSeMc, bro- re "h?,,';?:",?.*'^'. vrf.''''<''''-,T
Adenoid tissue, ... ,/m,/.. a
then the ..-.luest entirely falls. ... A specific gift is foini or ..et-hke tissue the n.tcisi.ccs ,.( which c...,t;.in
i.t thcr see above

Same a^ 7^
odff.r,/ by the testator's pledge of the subject of
it and ,Joi^l,,L/
1

tbe legatee will he entitled to have it redeemed by the adelphOUS (a-del 1 us), a. [< Gr. adcA^fuc, brother
1 w
T' .^.r^ ^^-
/.^W,
.,
'll3rescnil>l.,.g white bl..od.c.jii.nclc.s.
. ,
s.ich tissue .is
';""!"' "' ""^ l.vniphatic glands, and in a diltuso form in
:

executor. Am. Ctic, X. sia. see -ddrliihiu.] Kelated iu ?;(., huAOng sta- ""^ "'''^nal mucous incmbranc, and elsewhere.
;

deep fa-dep'), prcp.phr. as adv. [<3 -f deep, e"s united by their filaments into sets: used Retiform, adenoid, or Ivmphoid connective tisme
is
after uhigh, alow, etc.] Deeply. [Rare.] mostly in composition, as in munudeljihoux, etc. '"''"d extensively in many j.artsof the body, often sur-
We shout S-. adef], down creation's profound ademptt (a-dempf), a. [< L. ndcmiilut^, pp. of ."^' *l"' ,",""'",'' bloml-vcsscls and forming the com-
I',?.",','

Wearedc..fto(;d-8voi,;e.
'
"'//'/<>, take away: see aWm.]
'""-"^""^"^ "' '>"'I'''tic clnumels. //. tfrnj,, An,.t.
Taken away
"'"""' ""J """'^'' '^''-vM.m of .mythlng being added adenoidal (ad-e-noi'dnl), a. Pertaining to or
AH1. r dS'lin *7il^"'^;?.'""'; f-,^'"'" l"'"^''T
f^W i r .1J"^' ; i^-'
^ ^/- ''^''^^' ^"^ """"- '"' '""'"' '""'""' ''' '" '^''""' '' '''" ''^scml.ling glands
aglaml; a.lcnoid.
" ;
having the appearance of
J^LHJZ.k't:tf^T^f'%''\'^^'^^^^^,^^^^^f^^^ (a-demp'shon), . [< L. ademp. adenological (ad o-ii6-lo.j'i-kal), a.
! Z^."LT w;,odLnd ''^'''"'-
. snecirl^n.ifiT'"'''''''''^-
""'"*"" '" P""""S
""(> ^ ''"''', PP- "dnnptu.s, take a^vay: see
adeem.] in lau; the revocation of a grant, do- """"" "d,>wlog,,) -1- -/.] Pertaining to ade-
[< 'ade-
R.2Jmer /,;;,;,',;;;'";';!,"*"''

adelantadlUo (ii-.la-lfin-ta-dcl'yo) ation, or the like; especially, the lapse of a '"''"gv.

rSii
lim. of -/(/-///H/o</o, advanced, early
applied to "'Ka'T, (!) 'w the testator's satisfj-ing it by
adenology (ad-e-nol'o-ji), . [<Gr..Wi^ (diW-)
fruit or j.lunts: sec adclanladn.]
'a .Spanish 'loli'^'cry or payment to the legatco'lieloic his a gland, +
-luyia, < liyeiv, speak: see -ologi/.j
r>-l win., niailo of the >leath, or (2) by his otherwise .loaliiig \vi(h ho I" ""'. tl>o doctrine or science of tho glaiiils,
earliest ripo grai.es I

adelantado (a'dii-liin-tii'do), H. fSp. J liV., ad- **'""K l^equoat^hed so as to manifest an intent

Jj'jli'l,'!^'' "^"i* ^'^"L"**''^,.
Vttuce.J, forward; as applied to fruit
.-- -i
-
1
,. . _ 1-
or plants, .

early pp. ..f adilanlar, adviiiicu, grow,

;
antici-
jiiite, < iidrliiuir, adv.,
forward, ouwani, < ad-, a
<< L. '/), t.,, 4- ,/, the
'' L. ille, that), -I- ale
'
I Tlio title formerly given BloominK as .-I./.h In Its eaillesl hour. ', '^ ;-"

nor of a province. Iliirnn, Hrlde of Al.y.h.s, II. 20. adenoma (a.l-c-no'mil), 11. pi, adenomata (-.u,i- ;
Toll this soul with sorrow laden If, within the dlsta.il ) [Nli., < Gr. niV/j' ((iiStii-), a gland, -I- -om'ii
.. r tl... nn..v ... ,..'.,

'','"";"' ' 1 |

'''l- It sludl ci;:ip a sainted n.al.le,. wl ,

'i!

,he angel. ,e \]i ,l,V'',";v'

l'"'^;"'.''"'*?, *'"' .-'I'ara.'teristics
"'""I i'L.1.0 I,enore. /w TUe Kavei.
',\i
""^. '1"^ g'aiul I roiii which it springs ; a tumor
'

,".'';:';; ';'-'
Adel aden-. Same as ,/c,m..
'

ZT!{'!,":,>^i'" 'Kt^^'"''^'''"^^

rh ' ;""fr J-;'! ''

'"''^" *'''''*
adenalgy ra.l-o-n.tl'ji), '. Han.o'as "*/,.
AdonaSthera(d'e-,,,in-lhf.'rii), H. [NL.,l^(ir. Jl;':^^^^^^^
7. : ,t.;
- ,.-
2
i^"''"'"-'!,' to or of tho nature

..,. fa... .....r,.!,,,,. ,,, (,),,..,, H^lad,+ NL./A,'r,atitho;:

7n,omen ngeal (ad^Yno.me.nln^20-a^ ,.
a.

sc,.
"*" '"'^^^
anlh,r.] A genUHof tro.'M and Hhrubs. i,alivOH..f
the Kant 1.i],.h and (Vyl,.n. natural onicr J.r.
.,.! 'I /;^i^" f'"''*''
'"""""""'] /""
r n '
7r
,' '
,w '''1''"^'' ^" " k'" ."V
,

"""'. HMl...r.Ier Mimr. '',"^'7"7: supposed to

,

a ,..v,. i, ; f
M;- 1:.. l..,.,..,,..ii.,.,.,|,
M.,,.,,,fltlfr.m.l Vl'uT..r,l ,J,' "' "I'on
1

diHoaso of
. 1
(he inloslinal follicjos.
'"" ll.l tl r. ..lied re.l ......lal w.,d. The bright .nrli.t *'*'^'"yollia (a.rp-no-iiij-.'.'inil), v.; ]tl. iide-
 . ;
: ;

adenomyoma 71 adhere
q. v.] A tumor consisting of glandular and arrive at, reach, attain, obtain, < ad, to, + a.] A making or being equal; an equivalence
muscular tissue. ap-isci, reach, attain, =
Gr. dir-Teiv, touch, seize, or equivalent. [Rare.]
adenoncus (ad-e-noug'kus), adcnonci . -pi. ; = Skt. -v/dy), attain, obtain: see apt.] I. a. The principles of l(gic and natural reason tell us, that
(-non'si). [NL., < Gr. litS'/i' gland, (adiv-), a + Well skilled completely versed or acquainted.
;
there nnist be a just propejrtion and adequation between
the meilium by which we prove, and the conclusion to be
6-,sor, a bulk, mass.] A
swelling of a gland. Adept in everything profound. Coivper, Hope, 1. 350. proved. Bp. Barlow, Remains, p. 125.
adenopathy (ad-e-uop'a-thi), n. [< Gr. <i(V II. . One who has attained proficiency; It WJLS the arme (not of King Henry) but King Kdward
((irfev-), a gland, +
-Tradta, < vdtio^, suffering.]
one fully skilled in anything; a proficient or the First, wliich is notoriously known to liave been the
Disease of a gland. adequation of a yard. [An erroneous statement.]
master; specifically, in former times, a pro- Fuller, Worthies, Berkshire.
There are no lesions of the mucous membrane, nor can ficient in alchemy or magic; a master of oc-
any adenopathy be found [case of ayphiloderma], adequative (ad'o-kwa-tiv), a. [< ML. adaiqua-
cult science, or one who professed to have dis-
Duhrint/, Skin Diseases, plate U. L. ailwquare: see adequate, a.]
tir.us, < Equiv-
covered "the great secret" (namely, of trans-
adenopharyngitis (ad"e-n6-far-in-ji'tis), n. alent or sufficient; adequate. [Rare.]
muting base metal into gold).
[NL., < Gr. (iiS'/i' {(iihv-), a gland, (papvy^, pha- + Shakespeare, in the person of Prospero, has exhibited
Adesma (a-des'ma), pi. Same as Adesmacea.
II.

rynx, +
-itii:'\ Inflammation of the tonsils and the prevalent notions of the judicial astrologer combined Adesmacea (ad-es-ma'se-ii), n. j)l. [NL., < ades-
pharynx. with the adept, whose white magic, as distinguished from ma (< Gr. udea/jor;, unfettered, unbound see ades- :

lAa adenophn- the black or demon magic, holds an intercourse with purer mij) + -acea.] An old family name for lamelU-
adenophore (a-den'o-for), n.
D'Israeli, Amen, of Lit., II. 285.
In bot., a short stalk or pedicel support-
rous.']
spirits. /. branchiate moUusks destitute of a ligament.
Howes was the true adept, seeking what spirituiil ore The term includes the I'holadidcc and Teredi-
ing a nectar-gland. there might be among the dross of the hermetic philoso-
adenophorous (ad-e-nof'o-rus), a. [< Gr. ad//v nidit: Hlaiiiville, 1824.
phy. Lowell, Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 2G9.
(aikv-), agland,-l--i^(ipof, < ipepeiv 'E.bcar'>-.'\ In = The Persians were adepts in archery and horsemanship, adesmy (a-des'mi), . [< NL. adesmia, < Gr.
coiil. and bot., bearing or producing glands. and were distinguished by courtesy and high-breeding. unfettered, unbound, < a-priv. -I- 6eafj6c,
aiitCT/iof,

adenophthalmia (ad"e-nof-thal'mi-a), )(. N. A. Rev., CXL. 329. a bond, tie, < dieiv, bind, tie.] In bot., a term
[NL., < Gr. ai^i/v (aSev-), a gland, -I- o^SaA/zdi,-, = Syn. Adept, Expert. An adept is one who possesses applied by Morren to the division of organs
Inflammation of the Meibomian glands. natural as well as acquired aptitude or skill in anything: that are normally entire, or their separation if
eye.]
as, Anadept in the art of governing; an adept in di]ilomacy,
adenophyllous (ad"e-n6-fil'us), a. [< Gr. iii'/v normally united.
lying, cajolery, whist-playing, etc. Aliexpert, on the other
(a(Scv-), a gland, +
(ftvXAov =
Ij. folium, a leaf: hand, is one whose skill and proficiency are more conspicu- adespotic (a-des-pot'ik), a. [< Gr. a- priv. (aAS)
Bee folio.'] hibot., having leaves bearing glands, ously the result of practice or experience, or of an intimate + despotic. Cf. Gr. aiStcrn-oTOf, without master
acquaintance with a subject. The term is mostly litnited or owner.] Not despotic; not absolute.
or studded with them.
to one possessing special skill or knowledge in some branch,
adenophyma (ad"e-n6-fi'ma), n. pi. adenophy- and regarded as an authority on it as, an expert in alien-
;;
Adessenarian (ad-es-e-na'ri-an), . [< NL.
:

iiuxta (-ma-ta). [NL., < Gr. a6f/v {iiOev-), a gland, ism, chemistry, penmanship, etc. Adcssenarii, L. adesse, be present, <
pi., irreg. i.

+ <livfta, a tumor, lit. a growth, < (jiveiv, grow : see adeptiont (a-dep'shon), n. [< L. adeptio(n-), < ad, to, near, + esse, be
see essence and -arian.]
:

physic] In pathol., a swelling of a gland: adipisci: 8ee adept.] An obtaining or gaining In cedes, hist., a name given in the sixteenth
sometimes used to signify a soft swelling. acquirement. century to those who believed in the real pres-
adenOS (ad'e-nos), n. [Native term.] A kind In the wit and policy of the captain consisteth the chief ence of Clhrist's body in the eucharist, not by
of cotton which comes from Aleppo, Tm'key. adeption of the victory. G-rafton, Rich. III., an. 3. transubstantiation, but by impanation (which
Also called marine cotton. E. D. see).
adeptistt (a-dep'tist), n. [< adept + -ist] An
adenosarconia(ad"e-n6-sar-k6'ma), n. pi. ade- adept. ;
ad eundem (ad e-un'dem). [L. ; lit., to the
nosarcomata ^-ma-til). [NL., < Gr. adi'/v (aScv-), adeptness (a-dept'nes), n. The quality or state same (se. gradum, grade): ad, to; eundem, aca.
a gland, -I- aapKo/ja, sarcoma.] A tumor con- of being adept ; skilfulness ; special proficiency. masc. sing, of idem, the same see idem.] A :

The state of being phrase used in

sisting in part of adenomatous and in part of adeptship (a-dept'ship), n. universities to signify the ad-
sarcomatous tissue. mitting of a student of another university,
an adept; adeptness: specifically used in the-
adenose, adenous (ad'e-nos, -nus), . [< NL. osopliy. without examination, to the degree or standing
adenosus, < Gr. n<i^ii, gland.] Like or apper- adequacy (ad'e-kwa-si), . he had previously held in that other university.
[< adequate: see
taining to a gland ; adenoid j adenif orm. Here [Oxford in the vacation] I can take my walks un-
-acy.] The state or quality of being adequate molested, and fancy myself of what degree or standing I ;

adenotomic (ad " e -no-tom ' ik), a. [< adenoto- the contlition of being proportionate or suffi- jilease. I seem admitted ad euniteni. Lamb, Oxford.
inij.] Pertaining to adenotomy. cient a stifficiency for a particular purjjose ad extremum (ad eks-tre'mum).
; [L. arf, to; :

adenotomy (ad-e-not'o-mi), n. [< Gr. aSfjv as, the adequacy of supply to expenditure, or extremuw, ace. neut. sing, of extremus, last: see
((I'rffj)-), a gland, + -To/iia, a cutting, < ri/iveiv,
of an effort to its purpose an adequacy of pro- extreme.] To the extreme at last finally.
;
; ;
cut. Cf. anatomy.] In anat and 6-/-(;., dissec- visions.
adfected (ad-fek'ted), a. [< L. adfeclus, later
tion or incision of a gland. adequate (ad'e-kwat), a. [Formerly adtequate, affeetus, pp. of adficere, later afficere, affect:
adenous, a. See adenose. -at, < L. adwqtmtus, pp. of admquare, make see affect.] In alg. compoimded consisting o , ;

Adeona (ad-e-6'na), )?. [LL., in myth., a Ro- equal, < ad, to, -I- ivquus, equal see equal.] different powers of the unknown quantity. :

man divinity who i^resided over the arrival of Equal to requirement or occasion oommen- Adfected or affected equation, an equation in which ;

travelers, < L. adire, come, arrive, adeo, I come, svirate fully sufficient, suitable, or fit : as, the unknown quantity is found in two or more different
In sool., the means adequate to the object an atlcqitate com- degi'ees or powers tlius, x^ px- + qx=a is an adfected
;

< ad, to, -t- in; go. Cf. Ahcona.] ;

:

equation, as it contains three different powers of the un-

typical genus of Adeonidce (which see). parison. known <iuantity x.
Adeonidse (ad-f-on'i-de), n.pl. [Nh.,<. Adeona did for once see right, do right, give tongue
I adfiliate, adflliation, etc. See affiliate, etc.
+ -i(l(e.] A
family of chilostomatous poly- The adequate protest.
ad finem (ad fi'nem). [L. : ad, to; finevi, ace.
zoans, typified by the genus Adeona. They have Browning, Ring and Book, II. 56.
the zoariuni erect or (rarely) incrustiiif;, afhxed by a flex-
of finis, end: see finis.] To or at the end.
In our happy hours we should be inexhaustible poets,
ible jointed or joiTitless radicate peduncle, immediately if once we could break through the silence into adequate
adfluxion (ad-fluk'shon), 11. [Var. of affluxion,
attached. The zoarium is bilaminar when not incrusting, rhyme. Emerson, Essays, 1st ser,, p. 305. q. v.] A
flow, as of sap, caused by a drawing,
and toUacious and fenestrate, or branched or lobilte and not a propelling, force.
entire. The cells are usually of three Rinds, zooecial, Adequate cognition, in logic: (a) A cognition involving
otEcial, and aviculariau the zooecia are of the usual type. no notion which is not perfectly clear and distinct, {h) A adglutinate (ad-gl6'ti-nat), a. Same as agglu-
;

The family (originally named Adeonece by Busk) contains
about 38 recent species, referred to 3 genera. Busk.
Adephaga (a-def'a-gii), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi.,
<Gr. d(S?/i^d)'Of see adephagoas.]
: gi'oup of
voracious, carnivorous, and predatory beetles,
composing a part of the pentamerous division
of the order Coleoptera. They have filiform anten-
nae and but two palpi to each maxilla. Of the four families
which make up this gri>up, two, Gifrinidff and Dytiscidfe,
are aquatic, and sometimes called Iltidradrphafia ; the
other two, Carabuice and Cli-'inlf/ul/f, arc cliicfly terres-
trial, and are sometimes called ijiodijduii/n. The whirli-
gig and the tiger-lieetle respectively exemplify these two
divisions of Ad''jdiafra. Also called Carnimra. See cuts
under Dytixcu.^ -AmX Cicludcla.
adephagan (a-def'a-gan), 11. beetle of the
group Adephaga.
adephagia (ad-e-fa'ji-a), H. [NL., < Gr. aSijipa-
yia, < ad!/(pd}o(, eating one's fill, gluttonous:
see adephagous.] In jx/Wjoi., voracious appetite;
bulimia.
adephagous (a-def'a-^s), a. [< NL. adepha-
gus, < Gr. air/cjtdyoc, eating one's fill, gluttonous,
< dcJ;/i', OT d6?iv, abundantly, enough (cf. L. satis,
enough), +
ijia-ydi', eat.] Gluttonous; of or per-
tainingtothe jrffj)7/(irrt; adephagousheetles.
as,
adeps (ad'eps), n. [L., the soft fat or grease of adequately
animals, suet, lard see adipose and adipic] 1
:
quate manner commensurately; sufficiently.
Fat animal oil ; the contents of the cells of adequateness (ad'e-kwat-nes),
;
the adipose tissue; specifically, lard. 2. In
ciency; adequacy.
being adequate; justness of adaptation; suffi-
j>ftar., tallow; suet; prepared fat.-Ceratum adi-
pis fgen. sing, of adeps], simple cerate hog's lard with The adequateness of the advantages [of a given course
the addition of white wax to give it greater consistency, of study] is the point to be judged.
cognition at once precise and complete. Adequate defi- tiiiate.
nition or mark, in hxjic. See definition. = Syn. Ade- ad gustum (ad gus'tum). [L. : ad, to ; gustum,
quate, Sufficient, Enowili, commensurate, competent. A
ace. of gustus, taste: see gust^.] To the taste
thing is adequate to something else when it comes quite
A up to its level: yet neither may be sufficient when viewed to one's liking.
in relation to some third thing. That which is sufficient Adhatoda (ad-hat'o-dii). It. [NL., from the
may be adequate and more. Enough equals adequate, but Singhalese or Tamil name.]
is applied to a different class of subjects.
genus of herbs A
or shrubs, natural order Acanthacew. A. Vasica
Nothing is a due and adequate representation of a state is used in India to expel the dead fetus in
that does not represent its ability as well as its property.
Burke, Rev. in France. abortion.
Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof. Mat. vi. 34. adhere (ad-her'), r. i. ; pret. and pp. adhered,
ppr. adhering. [< F. adherer, < L. adhcerere, <
Which is enough, I'll warrant,
As this world goes, to pass for honest. ad, to, +
hwrerc, stick, pp. hcesus. Cf. cohere,
Shak., W. T., ii. 3. inhere, hesitate.] 1. To stick fast; cleave; be-
A adequatet (ad'e-kwat), v. t. 1. To make equal come joined or imited so as not to be easily
or adequate. separated -without teaiing : as, glutinous sub-
stances adhere to one another ; the lungs some-
Let me give you one instance more of a truly intellectual
object, exactly adequated and proportioned unto the in-
times adhere to the pleura.
tellectual appetite and that is, learning and knowledge.
; When a piece of silver and a piece of platinimi are
Fotherby, Atheomastix, p. 208. brought in contact at 500' C.they adhere.
A. Daniell, Prin. of Physics, p. 2'29.
2. To attain equality with; equal.
2. To hold closely or firmly (to) : as, to adhere
Though it be an impossibility for any creatui-e to ade-
to a plan.
quate God in his eternity, yet he hath ordained all his
sons in Christ to partake of it by living with him eternally. [Clive] appears to have strictly adhered to the rules
Shel/ord, Discourses, p. 227. which he had laid down for the guidance of others.
Macaulay, Lord Clive.
(ad'e-kwat-li), adv. In an ade-
3. To belong intimately; be closely connected.
;
X shepherd's daughter,
n. The state of
And what to her adherer. Shak., \V. T., iv. (cho.).
4. To befixed in attachment or devotion ; be
devoted ; be attached as a follower or up-
; holder : as, men adhere to a party, a leader, a
H. Spencer, Education, p. 28. church, or a creed rarely, to be attached as a
;

adept (.a-depf), a. andn. [<L. adeptus, having friend.

attained, ML. adeptus, n., one who attained adequation (ad-e-kwa'shon), n. [< L. adwqua- Two men there are not liiing
knowledge or proficiency, prop. pp. of adipisci, tio(n-), < ad<equare, make equal see adequate, : To whom he more adheres. Stiak., Hamlet, il 2,
 :

adhere
5. consistent ; hold together ; be in ac-
To be
cordance or agreement, as the parts of a sys-
tem cohere. [Eare or obsolete.]
;

Everything adheres together. Shak., T. N., Ui. i.

6. Specifically, in Scots law affirm a : (ff) To

judgment ; agree with the opinion of a judge
previously pronounced, (h) To return to a
husband or wife who has been deserted. See
adherence, 3.
7. In loffic and mctaph., to be
accidentally connected. See adherent, a., 3.
adherence (ad-her'ens), . [< F. adherence, <
ML. adhwrentia, < C
adhivrens: see adherent.'\
1 The act or state of sticking or adhering
.

rare in a physical sense, adhesion being com-

monly used. 2. Figuratively, the character
of being fixed in attachment ; fidelity ; steady
attachment : as, an adherence to a party or
opinions ; the act of holding to closely : as, a
rigid adherence to rules.
A tenacious adlterence to the rights and liberties trans-
mitted from a %vise and virtuous ancestry. Addison,
3. In Scots law, the return of a husband or
wife who has for a time deserted his or her
spouse. The spouse who has been deserted may bring
an action of adherence to compel the deserting spouse to
return.
4. In painting, the effect of those parts of a
picture which, wanting relief, are not detach-
ed, and hence appear adhering to the canvas or
surface. Fairholt.
5. In ?o.7ic and wiftajj/i ., the
state of being adherent. See adherent, a., 3.
= Syn. Adherenci^, Adht^jnon. These words are under-
going des>'nonj'mization, the moral and figurative sense
being limited to adhirence, and the pliysicjil to adht'^on :
as, adhemu-e to the doctrines of Adam Smith the ad- ;

hfxion of putty to gla-ss. (Note ; Adherent, n., is not used

of physical attachment, nor adhfrt'nt, a., of moral at-
tacnmeot. ^dA^r*?, r., is used of eitlier.]
If he departs in any degree from strict adherence to
these rules, ... he not only departs from rule, but com-
mits an act of treacherj' and baseness.
Gtadittone, Kin beyond Sea, p. 210.
Writing and drawing with chalks and pencils depend
on the adhexion of solids.
Atkinnon, tr. of Ganot's Physics, p. 87.
adherencyt (ad-her'en-si), n. [As adherence:
see -c-Hcy.] 1. The state of being adherent.
Adhermciei and admirations of men's persons.
Jer. Taylor (V), Artif. Handsomeness, p. 172.
2. That which is adherent.
Vices have a native adherency of vexation.
Decay of Chrixt. Piety.
adherent (ad-her'ent), a. and . [< F. a<J-
hmnt,<h. ppr. of adhwrcre: see
adhieren\t-).'<,
adhere.'\ I. a. 1. Sticking; clinging; adhering.
Close to the cliff witli lnth his liands lie clung,
And stuck adherent, and suspended hung.
Pojfc, <ldyssey, 1. 547.

2. In hot., congenitally united, as parts that

are normally sejjurate generally used as equiv-:

alent to udnatc. See cut under adnate. 3. In

loyic and metaph., accidentally connected; not
belonging to the nature of a thing not iu- ;

herfiit as, if a cloth is wet, its wetness is a

:

(luality adherent to it, not inherent in it.

H. n. 1. A
person wlio adlieres; one who
follows or ujitiiilds a leader, party, cause, opin-
ion, or the like; a follower, partizan, or sup-
porter.
Rip's sole domestic adherent was his dog Wolf, who was
AA much hen-pecked as his master.
Irrinrr, Rip Van Winkle.
2t. Anything outwardly belonging to a person;
an apj>eiiduge.
Ills humour, his carriage, and Ids extrinsic adherents.
Oov. o/ Tongue.
Byn. 1. Hlw.lplc pupil, upholder, supid.rter, dependant.
adherently (a<l-her'ent-li), adv. In an adher-
'iii iniinncr.
adherer (nd-herV-r), n. One who aiUieres; an
'< n-iit. [Rare.]
arlhcreBcence iid-ho-ros'cnB)^ n. The state of
i

"iiiiectecl with or attached to

nil with it a quasi-compound

adher
rt >-.
 ! : : ;

adiaphorist 73 adjacently
adiaphorist (ad-i-af 'o-rist ), . [< adiaphorous adightt (a-dif), t. [<ME. adihtcn, adighten,
I', II. n. Fat in general; specifically, the fat
+ -jsf.] A person characterized by indiffer- < AS. "adihtan, < - -I- dihtan, arrange, dight: on the kidneys.
ence or moderation, especially in religious mat- see (light.] To sot in order. See dight. adiposis (ad-i-pd'sis), n. [NL., < L. adeps(adip-),
ters. Specifically [cap.], a follower nr supporter of Me- adightt (ii-dif), p. a.
laiiclithon in the controversy which arusf in the reformed see the verb.]
[< ME. adiht, ddight, pp. fat, -I- -osis.] 1. General coi^juleuey. 2. The
Sot in order; arrayed. accumulation of fat in or upon a single organ.
church in the sixteenth century re^ardirm certain doe-
irines and rites publicly admitted Mclanehthon and
l.iy
ad indefinitum (ad in-def-i-ni'tum). [L. ad, adiposity (ad-i-pos'i-ty), )(.:
[< NL. as if "adi-
liis party, in the document known as the Leipsie Interim,
to; indefinitum, ace. neut. of indefinitns, miiefi.- positas, < adiposus : see adipose and -ity.] Fat-
to be matters of indifference. 8cc inlenm. Also called mto: see indefinite] To the indefinite indefi- ness; adiposis. ;

adiaphorite. nitely to an indefinite extent. An expression used adipous (ad'i-pus), a.

; [< L. adeps (adip-), fat,
lie [Lord Burleigh] may have been of the same mind
with those German Protestants who were called Adiaph-
by some writers in jilace of ad injlniturii, as being in their
opinitin ]iion- jiiecisc,
+ -ous. Cf. adipose.] Fat; of the natui'e of
Dru-its, and who considered the popish rites as matters fat; adipose.
ad inf. An abbreviation of Latin ad
iiuliffereiit. Macaulay, Uurleiph.
(wliii'li see).
adipsia (a-dip'si-al n. [NL., < Gr. as if *aSiTpia,
adiaphoristic (ad-i-af -0-ris'tik), a. 1. Pertain- ad infinitum (ad in-fi-ni'tum). [L. ad, to, absence of thirst, {ddiipoc, not thii'sty see adip-
:
:

ing to things which are morally indifferent adi- unto; infinitum, ace. neut. of infinitus, infinite: soiis.] In tned., absence of thirst. Also called
;

aphorous.
2. Relating to the atliaphorists. soe, infinite] To infinity endlessly; on and on ;
adipsy.
adipsous (a-dip'sus), a. [< Gr. adiipog, notthirsty,
See adiaphorist. without end; tlirough an infinite series.
adiaphorite (ad-i-af'o-rit), n. [< adiaphorous adinole (a.d'i-nol), ;t. < a- priv. -t- 6ifa, thirst see adipsia.] Tending
[Etym. uncertain.] A to quench thirst,
:

+ -(7< '-'.] Same as adiaphorist. hard, compact rock, composed of quartz and
as certain fruits.
adiaphoron (ad-i-af o-ron), n. pi. adiaphora albite, produced by the alteration of certain adipsy (ad'ip-si), n. Same as adipsia.
;

(-rii). [NLi., < Gr. aiSm^opor, neut. of d6td(popog, schists due to the influence of intruded dia- adit
(ad'it), n. [< L. aditus, an approach, <
indifferent: see adiaphorous.'] In tiieol. and base. adire, pp. aditus, approach, < ad, to, + ire, go:
ethics, a thing Indifferent; a tenet or practice ad see itinerant. Ct.exit.] 1. An entrance or a
inquirendum (ad in-kwi-ren'dmn). [L., for passage; specifically, in mining,
which may be considered non-essential. the purpose of inquiring: ad, to, for; inquiren- a nearly hori-
Life and death are among the adiaphora things indif- dum, gerund of inquirere, inquire see inquire.]
zontal excavation, or drift (which see), specially
:
ferent, wluch may be chosen or rejected according to cir- In law, used to conduct from the interior to the surface
cumstances. G. P. Fisher, Begin, of Christianity, p. 176. a judicial writ commanding inquiry to
the water which either comes into the workings
He [Luther] classed images in themselves as among the be made concerning a cause depending in a from above oris pumped uji fi'om below. The word
adiaphora, and condemned only their eultus. court. tunnel is in general use in the I'nited States, and especially
Encuc. Brit., XII. 714. ad int. An abbreviation of ad interim (which in the western mining regions, for adit ; but the former
adiaphorosis (ad-i-af-o-ro'sis), [NL., im- n. see). properly signifies an excavation open at both ends, such as
prop. for adiaphoresis, assimilated to term. ad interim
(ad in'tto-im). [L. ad, to, for; in- :
is used in railroads. When there are two or more adits,
the lowest is called the deep adit. Adits are occasionally
-osis, q. v.] Same as adiaphoresis. terim, meanwhile
see interim.] In the mean :
several miles in length. The so-called Sutro tunnel,
adiaphorous (ad-i-af 'o-rus), a. [< Gr. a6ia<popo^, time for the present. ; draining the Comstock lode at Virginia City, Nevada, is
not different, indifferent, < n- priv. + didipopoc, adios (k-Ae' OS), interj. [Sp., =Pg. adeos = It. the most extensive work of this kind yet constructed in
diSerent,<. Siaipepeiv (=L. diffcre, > E. differ), < did a<ldiii =
F. adieu: see adieu.] Adieu; good-by. the United States. It is about 20,000 feet in length, and
intersects the lode at a depth of about 2000 feet. Also
= L. (lis-, apart, + (^ipctv =
1^. ferre = E. hear'^.] [Southwestern U. S.] called adit-level. See cut under level.
1 Indifferent ; neutral morally neither right adipate (ad'i-pat), n.
. ; [< L. ade2)s {adipi-), fat, 2. Milit., a passage under ground by which
nor wrong. + -afel see adipic. Cf L. adipatus, supplied
: .
miners approach the part they intend to sap.
Why does the Church of Eome charge upon others the with fat.] A salt of adipic acid. Wilhelm, Mil. Diet. 3. Admission; access;
shame of novelty for leaving of some rites and ceremonies adipescent (ad-i-pes'ent), a. [< L. adeps
which by her own practice we are taught to have no ob- approach. [Rare.]
(adip-), fat, + -esccnt.] "Becoming fatty.
ligation in them, but to be adiaphorous? Yourself and yours shall have
Jer. Taylor, Liberty of Prophesying, 5.
adipic (a-dip'ik), a. [< L. adeps (.adip-), fat, + Free adit. Tennyson, Princess, vL
Hence
2t. Applied by Boyle to a spirit nei-
-ic- : see adcj)s.]
acid, C,^Hio04, an acid obtained by treating oleic acid
Of or belonging to fat Adipic
aditionf (a-dish'on), n. [< L. aditio(n-), ap-
ther acid nor alkaline.
3. In med., doing nei- or fatty bodies with nitric acid. It forms soft, white jiroach, < adire: see adit.] The act of ap-
ther good nor harm, as a medicament. nodular crusts, which seem to be aggregates of small proaching.
adiapnoryt (ad-i-af'o-ri), n. [< Gr. ddta^opia, crystals, adit-level (ad'it-lev"el), n. Same as adit, 1.
indifference, < ddidipopoQ see adiaphorous.'] Neu- adipocerate (ad-i-pos'e-rat), v. t. ; pret. and pp.
:
adipociratid, ppr. adipocerating.
adive (a-div'), n. [Appar. a native name.]
trality; indifference. [< adijHiccrc Same as corsak.
adiapheustia (ad "i-ap-nus'ti-ii), n. [NL., < Gr. -afe'-^.] +
To convert into adipoeere. Craig.
adj. An abbreviation of adjectioc.
dSiawvevaTia, < a- priv. -1-
iiairvevnT-iKUQ, < itairvslv, adipoceration (ad-i-pos-e-rii'shon), )). The iiCt [<ML.
of changing or the state of being changed into
adjacence (a-ja'sens), n. adjacentia, <.

breathe through, perspire, < 6id, through, -t- : see adjacent.] The state of be-
L. adjacen{t-)s
TTvtiv,breathe.] lap>athol., defective perspira- adipoeere. Craig.
ing adjacent adjacency. ;

tion adiaphoresis. Dunglison. adipoeere (ad'i-po-ser"), n. [=F. adipocirc, <

;
+ adjacency (a-ja'sen-si), . pi. adjacencies (-siz).
adiathermanous(a-di-a-ther'ma-nus), a. [< L. ade2)s (adij)-), fat, cera, wax.] soft A
1 The state of being adjacent, or of ijing close .
;

Gr. <;- priv. (a-i8) + diathermano'us, q. v. Of.

unctuous or waxy substance, of a light-brown or contiguous proximity or near neighborhood:
produced by decomposition
adiathcrmic] Same as adiathermic. color, the of ani-
as, the adjacency of lands or buildings. 2. That
;

A body impervious to light is opaque, impervious to mal matter when protected from the air, and which is adjacent. [Rare.]
dark heat it is adiathermariou.^. under certain conditions of temperature and
Distracted by the \icinity of adjacencies.
A. Darnell, Prin. of Physics, p. 448. humidity. It consists chiefly of ammonium
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. En'., ii. 2.
adiathermic (a-di-a-ther'mik), a. [< Gr. d- margarate, with an admixtiu-e of the marga- All lands beyond their own and its frontier adjacencies.
priv. (a-18) +
diathermic.'] Impervious to radi- rates of potassium and calcium Adipoeere min- De Quincey, Herodotus.
ant heat. eral, a fatty matter found in some peat-mnsses, and in the
argillaceous iron ore of Merthyr-Tydvil, Wales; adipocc- adjacent (a-ja'sent), a. and n. [< L. adja-
adicity (a-dis'i-ti), n. [< -(wP (1) -icily, as +
rite. It is inodorous when cold, but when heated it emits cen(t-)s, ppr. of adjaeere, lie near, < ad, to, +
in atomicity, periodicity.] In chem., combining a slightly bituminous odor. Also called adipocerite and jacerCjlie: seejacent.] I. fl. Lying near, close,
capacity, according as an element or a com- hatcliettin. or contiguous adjoining neighboring as, a ; ; :
pound is a monad, dyad, etc. same as valencii. adipoceriform (ad"i-po-ser'i-f6rm), a. [< adi- tield adjacent to the highway, c
;

N. E. D. pocerc + L. -formis, < forma, form.] Having

Sauntering along the banks of the adjacent mill-
[Early the appearance or form of adipoeere.
. . .

adieu (a-dii'; F. pron. a-dye'), interj. pond. Irviny, Sleepy Hollow.

mod. E. adiew, adew, adiie, < ME. adeic, adewe, adipocerite (ad-i-pos'e-rit), . [< adipoeere + Tiibes which are larger, or better organized, or both,
< OF. a Dieu, a Deu, mod. F. adieu, to wliich the -ite~.] Adipoeere mineral. See adipoeere. conquer adjacent tribes and annex them.
mod. E. conforms in spelling; =
It. addio Sp. adipocerous (ad-i-pos'e-ms), a. Relating to
= //. Spencer, Piin. of Sociol., 448.

adios or a Dios = Pg. adeos or a Deos ; < L. ad adipoeere containing adipoeere. ;

Adjacent angles. See angles. = Syn. Adjacent, Adjoin-
Deum: ad, to; JJeum, ace. oi Deus, God: see adipocire (ad'i-po-ser"), [F. see adipoeere.] in;/, Contiguous. These words apply only to material
:

things if they are applied to abstract things, it is only by

deity. Cf good-by, orig. God be with you.] Lit- Same as adipoeere.
.
considerable liberty in ligurative use. They are not ap-
;

erally, to God, an ellipsis for I commend you to adipo-fibroma (ad"i-p6-fi-br6'ma), n. Same as plicable to separate persons or animals under any circum-
God : an expression of kind wishes at the part- lipo-filiriinia. stances. Adjacent villages, camps, herds adjoin ing fields ;

ing of friends, equivalent to /oj-eiocH; heuce, a adipoma

(ad-i-po'mii), n. Same as lipoma. contiguous houses not adjacent soldiers, cattle. Adja-
:

cent, lying near, neighboring, but not necessarily in con-

parting salutation in general : as, adieu to
hopes.
Adewe, and adewe, blis
Testament of Love, ii. 292. sembling, or having relation to fat
Adieu, adieu! my native shore
Fades o'er the waters blue.
Byron, Childe Harold, 1. 13.
Delightful summer! then adieu! Hood, Summer.
= Syn. Adieji. Farewell, Oood-by. These words have insects,
completely lost their original meanings. In use the dif-
ference between them is only one of formality, good-by
being the most common, and adieu the most formal. By
the Society of Friends (and perhaps some other sects) fare-
well is preferred, as not involving the careless mention of
the name of God. In strict propriety, farewell is a parting
salutation to persons going away.
adieu (a-du'; F. pron. a-dye'), . ; pi. adieus or a fat-globule or vesicle of fat. Adipose sac, a fat-cell
(in French spelUng) adieux (a-diiz', a-dye').
A farewell or commendation to the care of God
as, an everlasting adieu; to make one's adieus.
We took our last adieu
And up the snowy Splugeu drew.
Tennyson. Daisy.
adipose (ad'i-p6s), . and n. [= F. adipeux, Sp.
my tact. New York and the towns adjacent. Adjoining, joining
adiposo, etc., <. NL. adiposus, < L. adeps (adip-), to or on, so as to touch. Contiguous, touching along a con-
fat: see adejjs.] I. a. Fatty; consisting of, re- siderable line.
Adipose From the barge
arteries, the branches of the diaphragmatic, capsular, and A strange invisible perfume hits the sense
renal arteries which nourish the fat around the kidneys. Of the adjacent wharfs. Shak., A. and C, in 2.
Adipose body, in entom., a peculiar fatty substance The Fire Tender is in the adjoining library, pretending
occupying a considerable portion of the interior of the to write. C. D. Warner, Backlog Studies, p. 72.
body, and especially abundant in the full-grown larvaj of
consisting of a yellowish lobulated mass lining the [The Emperor of Morocco] is the only full-blown despot
whose dominions lie contiguous to civilization.
walls of the body-cavity and filling up the spaces between
r. B. Aldrich, Ponkapog to Pesth,' p. 215.
the viscera. Z>(i(is. Adipose fin, a posterior dorsal ap-
pendage, generally sacciform or pedunculated and more II. n. 1. That which is next or contiguous;
or less fut-like, but sometimes cariniform, developed in
certain lishes, especially the salmonids and silurids. Adi- an abutting neighbor. [Rare.]
pose membrane, the cell-wall of a fat-cell the ex- ; No adjacent, no equal, no co-rival.
tremely delicate structureless membrane which surrounds Shct/ord, Learned Discourses, p. 220.
or fat-vesicle whose limiting cell-wall consists of an adi-
2. In logic, a predicate Propositions of second
adjacent, propositions ill which the ciijiula and predicate
pose membrane, and whose contents are a globule of fat.
are merged. Propositions of third adjacent (transla-
Adipose tissue, a connective tissue of loose structure tion of Greek TrpoTacri? iptrov KaTTj-yupuufxtroi'), proposi-
t=\-
containing' masses of fat-cells, that is, cells in which the
tions whose copula and predicate are separated.
protopl.isiii lt;is been largely replaced by fat. Adipose
tissue uiiiit'iiics the skin, invests the kidneys, etc. Adi- adjacently (a-ja'sent-li), adv. So as to be ad-
pose tumor, a lipoma. jacent.
 : ;

adjag 74 adjunct
adjag [Xative name in Java.] A
(aj'ag), n. as an assistant: see adjoin.] If. One who is Happily we :u*e iu)t witliout authority on this point.
It has been considered and adjud<ied.
kind of wild dog, Cants nitilaiis, found in Java. joined or associated with another as a helper; I). Webster', Speech, March 10, 1818.
The (Jog-tribe is represeutod by the fox-Uke culjag (Canis an adjunct. [Rare.]
3, To pass sentence on; sentence or condenm.
rufilnnit), which honts m ferocious packs.Brit., XIII. 603. You ai'e, madam, I perceive, said he, a public minister, Those rebel spirits adjudged to hell.
Eiicijc. and this lady is your adjoint.
Milton, P. L., iv. 823.
Gentleman Instructed, p. 108.
adject (a-jekt'), [< L. adjecUts, pp. of
i- f-
4t. To deem judge consider. [Rare.]
;

adjicere, usttaUy eontr. adicerc, add, put to, 2. [Pron. a-jwan'.] In France, specifically ;

(a) An assistant of or substitute for the mayor

He adjudged him unworthy of his friendship. Knolles.
<ad, to, +jacere, tlirow: see Jactation, ^cfl.]
of a commune, or in Paris of an arrontiisse-
= Syn. To decree, adjudicate.
To add or put, as one thing to another; annex.
[Bare.] ment. (fc) An assistant professor in a col- II. intrans. To decree; decide; pass sentence.
There let him still victor sway.
Lanstufan castel and lordship by the new act is . . . lege.
As battel hath adjudged. Milton, P. L.,
adjei-tcti to I'embrokeshire. Leland, Itinerary, lU. 26. adjourn (a-jem'), f- [<ME. ajournen, ajornen, x. 377.

adjection (a-jek'shon), H. [< L. adjectio{n-), an < OF. ajorner, ajurncr, F. ajourner = Pg. ajor- adjudgeable (a-juj'a-bl), a. [< adjudge +
addition, < adjicere, adicere, add: see adject.'] Hf = aggiornare, < ML. adiurnare, adjuniare,
It. -able.] Capable of bemg adjudged.
The act of adjecting or adding, or the thing adjornare. fix a day, summon for a particular Burgh customs still stand in the pccuUar position of
added. [Rare.] day, < L. ad. to, +
LL. *diurnus, *junnis, *jornus being neither adjudqeable nor arrestable.
Emyc. Brit., IV. 63.
This is added to complete our happiness, by the abjec- (> It. giorno Pr. jorn =
OF. jor, jur, F. jour, a =
tion of eternity. Bp, Pearson, Expos, of Creed, xii. day), <.\j.diurnus, daily, < (7i>, day: see diurnal, adjudgement, n. See adjudgment.
adjec- LL. journal.] I. trans. 1. To put ofi: or defer, prop- adjudger (a-juj'cr), . One "who adjudges,
adjectitiOUS (ad-jek-tish'us), a. [<
adjudgment (a-juj'ment), n. The act of ad-
titiiis, better spelled adjccticius, added, beside, <
erly to another day, but also till a later period
indefinitely. judging; adjudication; sentence. Also spelled
h.adjectus,pp.: see adject.] Added additional ;
Oiljudgcment.
as, " adjectitiOUS work," ilaiindrell. [Rare.] Or how the stui shall in mid heaven stand still
A day entire, and night's due course adjourn. The adjud'jment of the punishment.
adjectival (ad-jek-ti'val or aj'ek-ti-val), a. Milton, P. L., xii. 204. Sir W. Temple, Intrad. to Hist. Eng.
[< adjective + -a?.] Belonging to or Uke an ad-
It is a common practice to adjourn the reformation of adjudicataire (a-jo"di-ka-tar'), n. [F., < L.
jective having the import of an adjective. their lives to a further time. Barron:
;
adjudicatus, pp. of adjudicarc : see adjudicate.]
The more frequent employment of both the participles
with an adjectival syntax is, in its origin, a Gallicism. Specifically
2. To suspend the meeting of, In Canada, a purchaser at a judicial sale.
G. P. Marsh, Lects. on Eng. Lang., p. 658. as a public or private body, to a futiu-e day adjudicate (a-jo'di-kat), v. ; pret. and pp. ad-
Kelatively to the real, which is substantival, the idea or to another place also, defer or postpone to;
judicated, ppr. adjudicating. [< L. adjudicatus,
is adjectiral. Mind, IX. 127.
a futtu-e meeting of the same body as, the : pp. of adjudicarc, award, decide, < ad, to, -t-
court adjourned the consideration of the ques- judicare, judge: see adjudge and judge.] I.
adjectivally ^ad-jek-ti'val-i or aj'ek-ti-viil-i),
adv. By way of or as an adjective : as, a noun tion. trans. To adjudge pronoimce judgment upon
;

or participle adjectivally used. Tilequeen being absent, 't is a needful fitness award judicially.
(aj'ek-tiv), a. and n. [< L. adjecfivus,
That we adjourn tliis coiu-t till further d,iy. Superior force may end in conquest but it camiot
adjective Sliak., Hen. VIII,, u. Sumner, True Grand, of Nations.
; . . .

i. adjudicate any right.

that is added (only as a grammatical term),< ad-
jectun, pp. of adjicere, a,dd: see adject.] I. . 1. II. intrans. To suspend a
sitting or trans- II. intrans. To sit in judgment give a judi-;

Naming or forming an adjunct to a noun: as, action till another day, or transfer it to another cial decision : with upon : as, the court adjudi-
an adjective name. 2. Pertaining to an adjec- place: usually said of legislatm'es, com'ts, or cated upon the case.
tive as, the adjective use of a noun.
: 3. Added other formally organized bodies : as, the legis-
latm'o adjourned at four o'clock; the meeting
From the whole taken in continuation, but not from any
one as an insulated principle, you come into a power of
oradjected; additional. [Rare.] -Adjectivecol-
or, it/i/.i/i'/. a color which is imt absorbed dirccti\ frciu
its solution by the libers of the substance dyed, but can be
adjourned to the town hall To adjourn sine die
(literally, to adjourn without day), to adjcturn without set-
adjudicating upon the pretensions of the whole theory.
De l^uinceij. Style, ii.

fixed only by a mordant or by s< iTiic<)ther means opposed to : ting a time to reconvene or sit tigaln specifically, to lui- ;
adjudication (a-jo-tU-ka'shon), [< L. adjudi- .
u/wf(in'iiv color, which the libel's directly absorb. Ad- journ without intending or expecting to sit again; the C(ttif)(n-),<.ailjudicarc: see adjudicate] 1. The
;|ectlvelaw. See (oir. Noun adjective, a word stand- usual formula of minutes recording the proceedings of a
inj.: for the name of an attribute now usually adjective, n. : body, as a court martial, whose existence terminates witli act of adjudicating the act or process of deter-
;

See lielow,
H. n. 1. In gram., a word used to qualify,
limit, or define a noun, or a word or pliraso
which has the value of a noun a part of speech
expressing quality or condition as belonging to
something: thus, whiteneii.f is the name of a
quality, and is a noun tvhitc means possessing
whiteness, and so is an adjective. The adjective
is used attributively, appositively. or predicatively thus,
attributively in "a idjte ruler"; appositively, in "a ruler
wis'- and fjood" ; predicatively, in "the ruler is wise."
Commonly abbreviated to a. or adj.
the business for which it was convened. mining or adjudging; a passing of judgment.
adjournal (a-jer'nal), H. [< adjourn -al.] + To pass off a verdict of personal t.aste, under the guise
In Scots law, the proceedings of a single day of an adjudication of science. P. Hall, Mod. Eng., p. SI.
; in, or of a single sitting of, the Coiu-t of Justi- 2. In law : (a) A
judicial sentence ; judg-
ciary: equivalent to sederunt as applied to a ment or decision of a court. (6) The aot of a
civil court
Act of adjournal, the record of a sen-
tence in a criminal cause Book Of adjournal, a book
court declaring an ascertained fact: as, an
; adjudication of bankruptcy.
coiitaiiiiiig the records of the Court of ,Tiisticiary.
The consciiucncc of adjudication is that all the bank-
adjournment (a-jcrn'ment), n. [< OF. ajournc-
:
rupfs property \csts in the registrar of the court until
ment, eurlier ajornement : seeadjourn aud-ment.] the appointment by the creditors of a trustee, and there,
1. The act of postponing or deferring. after m the trustee. Encyc. Brit., III. :l4;i,

A dependant or an accessory; a secondary We run our lives out in adjournments from time to time. 3. In law, the diligence or process by
,S'c()f.s
2t. l,'iJstran;7<-.
or subsidiary part. wliich land is attached in security for or in
adjective (aj'ek-tiv), v. t. To make an adjec- 2. The act of discontinuing a meeting of a
public or private body or the transaction of any

payment of a debt Articulate adjudication, in
Scats law, adjudication wliieli is often used when' there
tiv.- lit form Into an adjective give the char-
;
;
are more delttsthan one due to the adjudging creditor; in
acter of an adjective to. [Rare.] business until a fixed date or indefinitely.
which case it is usual to accumulate eaeli dt'bt by itself,
3. The period during which a public body ail-
In Khi;lish, instead of adjectiving our (wn nouns, we so that, in case of an error in ascertaining or calculating
have Icirrowed in immense numbers adjectived signs from joums its sittings: as, durbig an adjournment one of the debts, the error may aft'ect only that debt.
other latiiniaKes, without borrowing the unadjectived signs of six weeks Adjournment In eyre, in old Kwi. Effectual adjudication, in Scots lan; a form of action
of Ihesf 1'1,-jw. Home Tooke, Purlcy. law, the appointment by tiie justices in eyre, uv circuit byivbi.hreal juopcrty is attached by a creditor. Former
jiulgea, of a day for future session. = Syn. Adjimmnu-nl, adjudication, in luu: a previous judicial decision lie-
adjectively (aj'ek-tiv-li), adv. In the manner Recess, Proroffittion, Dissolution. Adjournment is the act Iweell the same liarties lU' tluise whom they succeed,
r)f an adjective* as, the word is here used ad- by which an a.sscnibly suspends its session in virtin- of available, or sought to lie maile available, to bar a subse-
jrrtirely. authculty inherent in itself ; it may be also the time or in- quent litigation invidving the same point.
adjiger (aj'i-gtrl, . [Anglo-lnd., ropr. Ilind. terval of such suspension. A recess is a customary sus- adjudicator (a-jo'di-ka-tor), J?. [< L. as if 'ad-
pension of business, as during the pertotl of certain
"J'.l'ir.] A largo Indian rock-snake, I'l/lhon mo- recognized or legal holidays; as, the Easter recess : n
jndirntor, < adjudicarc : see adjudicate] One
luriiti. See anaconda. recess for Washington's birtlulay. Itecess is also popu- wlin .idjiidii'utcs.
adjoin [< ME. ajoinen, < OF. ajoin-
(iv-join';, r. larly used fiu'ubricf suspension of business for any reiu^on :
adjudicature (a-jii'di-ka-tur'), . [< ad.judi-
dri:(K. n({jiiindrc), < L. adjumivrc, < ad, to, -I- as, it was agreed that there bo a recess of ten minutes. caii + -iin .] The
aot or process of adjudi-
A proroiiation is the adjournment of the slltlngH of a
juHf/crc, join : see join.] I. trans. 1. To join legislative b.icly at the instance of the authority wliicli
ciiling ; adjudication.
ou or add ; unite ; annex or append. calleil it together, as the stivereigti; during a prorogation adjugatet ("j'o-gat), r. t. [< h. adjtigatus, pp.
A massy wheel . . .
it can no sittings, but in order to resiiuu- busines.s
IkjIiI ol adjugare, unite, < <i</, to, -I- jugarc, join, <
To wh'^r huge HrHikei ten thousand IcHser ttdngs nniHt be again sunniuuicd the close of a sessiiul of the
;
jugnni (= K. iiolcc), ijungvre, join: see yi^e and
Are llritisli Parliament is called a pmrnttntion. liissolutiim
mortl.i'd iiuf! //jC(in'(/. Shnk., ilariilct, iii. 3.
is the act by which the body, as such, is broken nn, and its
join.] To yoke to. liailcy.
2. To Ik- oontiKuouH to or in contact with as, : members arc finally discharged from their duties. TIic adjumentt (aj'ii-niont), n. [< L. adjiimcntum, a
hi.i lumxc lulii/nm tlio lake ; a field aitjuinina
-^
t'nited Stales House of IteprcHentatives dissolves every a contr. of *atljuvamentum, (.ad-
iiioniistit aid,
the I. I
two years at a tiling fixed by law, but the Semite has a juvarr, help, aid: see aid.] Help; support;
cuntinuoUH life, and Iherefnre odjuurns from one Congress
A'
to another. The dissohaion of the llrltlsli Parliament tlmt wliich supports or assists.
>'
i . morn, to tuc.itlii necessitates a new eIei;tion; i\w dissolution ni the United Nerves are aiijumcnts to corporal activity.
^
.itid funuN bylaw, an
.HlalcM llcuise of Iteprescntalives in |)rovided tor Watcrhouse, Fortcscuc, p. 107.
' ..ft conceives dellKbl )i-clion being ]>reviintsly held.
Millan, I'. 1... \\. 111.
Obsolete form of adjust. adjunct (nj'uiigkt), a. and
L. ai^iunctus, n. [<
adjoustt, '.
jiiiiii'd to, added, pp. oiai{jung(re : see atljoin.]
II. intraiu. 1. To be contiguous lie or lie adjt. A ; contraction oi adjutant.
ne.<t. ..r in ..iitoct:with to: as, "a farm ad- adjudge (a-jiij'), I. II. 1, United with aiiollior (generally in a
.

r.; prei. and pp. a([judgrd,

j">< lilghway," Jllackntonc. Zt. To [ipr. adjuilging. siilioi'dinato capacity) in ollice or in action of
adjugin, ajugrn, < OF.
PI- ajugiir, tijniicr,
[< .MI'".,

V. at(iuger, < L. ailjudiriiri,

any kind: as, an adjunct professor. 2. Added
Mm lo or conjoined with, as a cousoqueuce; attend-
lu,i.l.> unlMhiiii udJiiuH'il -ydo lo syde. iiwuid, doeiiio, iad, to, -^ judicarr, decide: see
.Vn-.,, g.,111. Tonwiinl ing; accompanying.
K. vll. 42. judginmX oi[jttdicatc.] 1, trans. 1.
adJoinant> ' ,;, |< p. ndjoiimani, jnilicjuUy; assign: as, the prize wos adjudged Tlioimh tlmt niy death were adjunct to niv act.

"' '
I'.y He avcM, I Mould do It. .Slioh:, K. .lohn. Hi. 3.
PI"'- I'fin.] (JontiKuoiiH. to liiiii.
To lb*, t. --
,/ | ,(,. nn ancient Ajiu ran mad, because liU arms were a'tjiuliied lo
Adjunct dlagnoBtlcB. scc <(i.i:/iii,fic.- Adjunct note.
'"'I" rarrtr.
, . .
In inoMir, an iitno'ccntcd amiluiiy note not forming an
II. Mirvey of (oniwiill. t'lyi n. llnrlon, Alnit, of .Mel., p. lllfi.
essential part of the barniony.
adjoint (nj'olnt), n. [< F. adjoint, ftHHlstent, 2. To decide by a judicial opinion orsontonce; II. ". Hometliiiig added to another, but
1.
adjunct, prop. pp. of ndjMndrr, adjoin, assitn' adjudicate upon; dotcnnino; settle. not essentially a part of it.
 ;

adjunct 75 adjutant-general
Learning adjunct to oiirself.
is l)nt ;iii

Shak., L. L. L., iv. 3.

Adjwtt the event to the prediction.
Addison, Def. of Clirist. Kelig.
adjutancy (aj'o-tan-si), . [< adjutan(t) + -cij.']

1. The office of adjutant. Also called adjti-

Uiscretion in its several adjuticts and circumstances is
nowhere So useful as to the clergy. Sioi/t.
According to llelmholtz, then, we adjust the eye to near
objects by contraction of the ciliary nuiscle.
tantship. 2t. Assistance.
Le Conte, Sight, p. 44.no doubt, disposed with all the adjutancy of
It was,
2. A person joined to another in some duty or dellnition and division.
Tho living body is not only sustained and repnjduced
Burke, Appeal to Old Whigs.
service; an assistant or subordinate colleague. :

adjutant (aj'o-tant), a. and n. [< L. adjutan{t-)s,

An adjunct of singular experience and trust.
Sir
In the Eoyal Academy of Science at Paris, there are
twelve members called adjuncts attached to the study of
it ddjuatH itself to external and internal changes.
Huxley, Animal Automatism.
ppr. oiadjutare, aid, assist, freq. otadjuvare, aid:
II. Wotlun.
2. To put in order; regulate or reduce to sys- see aid.] I. a. Helping ; assistant. Bullokar
tem ; bring to a proper state or position as, to (1076). [Bare.] :

.some particular science. Buchanan, Diet. Sci. adjust a scheme; to adjust att'airs; "adjusting II. n. 1. helper; an assistant; an aid. A
the orthography," Johnson. [Kare.]
3. In mctaph., any quality of a thing not per-
taining to its esseueo.
4. In ijram., a word or To adjust the focal distance of his optical instruments.
S. Mill, Logic, i. 1.
A fhie violin nnist ... be the best adjutant to a fine
voice. ir. Mason, Eng. Church ilusic, p. 74.
a number of words added to define, limit, or ./.
2. Milit., properly, aregimental staff-officer ap-
qualify the force of another word or other 3. To settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so
pointed to assist tho commanding officer of a
words; a word or phrase having value in a sen- that parties are agreed in the result as, to :
regiment in the discharge of the details of hia
tence only as dependent on another member adjust accoimts.
military duty. The title is also given to otBcers hav-
of the sentence, as an adjective, an adverb, the Half tile differences of the parish are adjusted in this
words of a dependent clause, etc. 5. In music, very parlour. Goldsmith, She Stoops to Conquer.
ing similar functions attiu;hed to larger or smaller divi-
si(jns of troops, to garrisojis,and to the War Department
a, scale or key closely related to another ; a 4t. To put forward; suggest. Chaucer. 5t. of the United States government. (See adjutant-ffeneral.)
Adjutants are also assigned, as in the British army, ttt di-
relative scale or key. External, internal, etc, To add. (!axtori. = SyR. To suit, aiTange, dispose, trim, visions of artillery. Konueriy, in England, called aid-ma-
a^unct. I^ee the adjectives. proportion, Italain-e, conform, set right, VL-ctify, reconcile.
jor, often contracted to adjt.
adjunction (a-jungk'shon),. [ilj. adjunctio{n-),
adjustable (a-jus'ta-bl), a. [< adjust + -able.] 3. The adjutant-bird (which see)
join: see 'ailjoin.'\
iiidjiiiiijcre, 1. The act of
post adju-
Capable of being adjusted. tant, a person holding the oihee of adjutant with refer-
joining; the state of being joined. 2. The adjustably (a-jus'ta-bli), adv. As regards ad- ence to the organization, of whatever character, of the
thing joined.
3. In ciril Uiw, the joining of justment; so as to be capable of adjustment.
troops stationed at a i)ost, garrison, carnj*, or cantonment.
Regimental adjutant, a person holding the office of
one person's property to that of another per-
The bed is held adjustabhj in place bv means of screw- adjutant with reference to a regimental organization,
manently, as the building of a house upon an- bolts. C. r. Davis, Leather, p. :i2!). whether the regiment is in one place or dispersed at dif-
other's land, painting of a picture on another's ferent statii'us.
adjustaget (a-jus'taj), . Adjustment. Sylves-
canvas, and the like. Eapafje and Lawrence.
ter. [Kai-e.]
'
adjutant-bird (aj'o-tant-bferd), n. The name
adjunctive (a-jungk'tiv), a. and n. [< L. ad- given by English residents of Bengal to a very
JnnctifKX, that is joined, < adjiinctus, pp. : see
adjuster (<a-jus'ter), . A person who adjusts; large species of stork, common in India, the
that which regulates.
adjunct.^ I, a. Joining; having the quality of Lcjiloptilus argula of some naturalists, belong-
joining.
adjusting-cone (a-jus'ting-kon), i. An in-
stiTimeut for measuring the distance between
II, . One who or that which is joined.
the axes of the eyes when they are parallel, as
adjunctively (a-jungk'tiv-li), adr. In an ad-
in looking at a distant object, it consists of two
jiuictive manner; as an adjunct. hollow cones, each perforated at the apex. Through these
adjunctly (aj'ungkt-li), adc. In connection perforations the person whose eyes are to be measm'ed
\vith ; by way of addition or adjunct ; as an looks at a distant object, and the coues are moved until
adjunct. the two tlelds of vision coincide. The distance iietween
the apexes then gives the measurement sought.
ad jura regis (ad jo'rii re'jis). [L., to the adjusting-screw (a-jus'ting-skro), n. A screw
rights of the king: ad, to; Jura, ace. pi. oi jus
by which the adjustable parts of an instrument
(Jur-), right; regis, gen. of rex (re</-), king.]
or a machine are moved to required positions.
An old English writ to enforce a presentation
It alsooften serves to hold the parts fh'mly in
by the king to a living, against one who sought those positions.
to eject the clerk presented.
adjusting-tool (a-jus'ting-tol), n. A tool for
adjuration (aj-o-ra'shgn), . [< L. adjuratio(n-), regulating the snail of a fusee in a timepiece,
< adjurarc : see adjure.'] 1. The act of adjur-
so that its increase of diameter may exactly
ing ; a solemn charging on oath, or under the
compensate for the decrease of tension of the
penalty of a eui'se; hence, an earnest appeal
spring as it imwinds from the barrel.
or question.
adjustive(a-jus'tiv), a. l<.adju.<it + -ive.] Tend-
To the adjuration of tlie higli-priest, " Art thou the
Christ, the son of the Idessed God?" our Saviour- replies in
ing or ser\ang to adjust.
St. Matthew, "Thou hast said." adjustment a-just'ment), n. [< adjust -ment,
( +
Blackwall, Sacred Classics, II. 163. aiter F. ajusicment.] 1. The act of adjusting
2. A solemn oath. a making fit or eonformable the act of adapting ;

To restrain the significance too much, or too much to

to a given pm-pose orderly regulation or ar-
;

enlarge it, would make the adjuration either not so rangement as, the adjustment of the parts of a
:

weighty or not so pertinent. watch.

Milton, Reason of Clnu'ch Gov., i.
The rest of the ai>iarel required little adjustment.
adjuratory (a-j6'ra-to-ri), a. [< L. adjurato- Scott, Waverley, .\liii.

)(, < adjurator, one who

adjures, < adjurarc : 2. The
state of being adjusted ; a condition of Adjutant-bird ^Leftoptilns argala).
see adjure.] Pertaining to or containing adju- adaptation; orderly relation of parts or ele-
ration; of the nature of an adjuration: as, an ments. ing to the family Ciconiidee. it is the Ardea duMa
adjurator;/ appeal. of Gmelin, the A. arfjala of Latham, the Ciconia niarahuu
Throughout all phases of Life up to the highest, every of Temminck, and the argala of the native Indians. Great
adjure (a-jor'), v. t. ; pret. and pp. adjured, ppr. advance is the etfecting of some better adjustment of in- confusion has been occasioned by the transference by
adjuring. [< ME. adjurcii, < L. ailjurare, swear ner to outer actions. H. Spencer, Prin. of liiol., 61. Temminck of the native name, argala, to a related l)Ut
to, adjure, Xad, to, +
jurarc, swear: eee jurat. 3. That which serves to adjust or adapt one
distinct African species. The name marabou has likewise
Cf. abjure, conjure, and perjure.] 1. To charge, been given to both species, since both furnish th'e orna-
thing to another or to a particular service as, : mental plumes so named in commerce. The African spe-
bind, or command, earnestly and solemnly, of- the adjustments of constitutional government, cies should be distinguished as the marabou, the Indian
ten with an appeal to God or the invocation of ^ of a microscope, a timepiece, etc. species being left to bear its native name argala. The
a curse in ease of disobedience hence, to en- ;
name adjutant, or adjutant-bird, is a nickname bestowed
The nicest of all the arf/(is(mertts involved in the working upon the bird from some fancied likeness of its bearing to
treat or request earnestly : as, '
I adjure thee '
of the British Government is that which determines, without the stiff martinet air of the military fimctionary known
by the living God," Mat. xxvi. 63 ; Ma friend formally defining, the intei-nal relations of the Cabinet. as an adjutant. The bird is a gigantic stork, 5 or often 6
adjured him to be careful. Gladstone, Might of Kight, p. 162. feet high, and its expanded wings measure 14 feet from
4. The act of settling or arranging, as a differ- tip to tip. It has an enormous bill, nearly bare head and
Joshua adjured them at that time, sayiiig. Cursed be
the man before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this neck, and a sausage-like pouch hanging from the under
ence or dispute; settlement; arrangement. part of the neck. It is one of the most voracious carniv-
city Jericho. Josh. vi. 26.
5. In marine insurance, the act of settling and orous bii'ds known, .and in India, from its devoiu-ing all
2. To swear by as, to adjure the holy name
: ascertaining the amoimt of indemnity which sorts of carrion and noxious animals, is protected by law.
of God. [Kare.]=S3m. 1. To conjure, implore, en- the party iusm-ed is entitled to receive under Also called adjutant-crane, adjutant-stork, and pouched
entreat, beseecli, supplicate. stork. The name is sometimes extended to a related spe-
joiii, i)ray, Ijey,
the policy after all proper allowances and de- cies, L.javanicus, known as the lesser adjutant or adju-
adjurer (a-jor'er), n. One who adjures. ductions have been made, and the settling of tant-bird.
adjust (a-jusf), 1'. t. [<P. '^adjuster, to ad- the proportion of that indemnit.y which each adjutant-crane (aj'6-tant-kran), n. Same as
just, set aptly, couch evenly, joyii handsomly,
underwi'iter is liable to bear. =Syn. Arrangement, adjntant-liird.
match dispose orderly, several things to- regulation, settlement, adaptation, accommodation, dis-
fitly,
adjutant-general (aj'6-tant-jen'e-ral). .; pi.
gether" (CotgTave), now ajustcr { It. aggius- posal. aeJjutants-gencral. 1. Milit., a staft'-officer. the
tare, aggiostare =
Pg. Sp. ajustar), arrange, adjuster (a-jus'tor), H. [< adjust -or.] In +
chief assistant of a commanding general in the
dispose, fit, etc., < ML. adjustarc, in form < L. anal, and MoL, that which adjusts, coaptates,
execution of his military duties, as in issuing
ad, to, + Justus, just, but suggested by OF. aj tes- or makes to fit together: a name of sundry
and executing orders, receiving and registering
ter, "ajouster, to add, adjoyn, set or put unto; muscles as, the dorsal and ventral adjustors of reports, regulating details of the service, etc.
:

also, increase, augment, eek, also as adjuster " the shells of brachiopods. See extract, and By law there is but one adjutant-general of the United
(Cotgrave) (> ME. ajustcn, adjousten, add, put, cuts imder Lingulidic and Waldheimia. States army. He is a principal officer of the War Depart-
suggest), F. ajontcr (see adjute), lit. put side The dorsal udjn^tors are fLxed to tlie ventral surface of ment of the United States government, the head of a
by side, < ML. tidjuxtare, put side by side, < L. the peduncle, aiid are again inserted into the hinge-plate bureau conducting the army correspondence, and having
ad, to, +
juxta, near, lit. adjoining, from same in the smaller valve. The ventral adjustors are consid- charge of the records, of recruiting and enlistment, of the
ered to pass from the inner extremity of the peduncle and issue of commissions, etc. Most of the individual States
root as JH(/tre, join: see juxtaposition.] 1. To to become attached by one pair of their extremities to the also have adjutants-general, performing similar duties
fit, as one thing to another; make correspon- ventral valve, one on eilch side of and a little behind the with respect to the militia of their several States. The
dent or conformable adapt; accommodate: as, expanded base of the divaricators. Encyc. Brit. IV. 192. adjutant-general is aided by assistant adjutant.s-generat.
;
,

In the British service, the .adjutant-general of the forces

to adjust things to a standard. adjutage, . See ajutage. is an officer of the full rank of general, having a body of
 ; : 2

76 administer
adjutant-general
headquarters of the tory, a delicate climbing herbaceous biennial, adminicular, adminiculary (ad-mi-nik'u-lar,
assistants at the Horse Guards or admini-
class of duties with panicles of drooping flowers. It is a native [<.L. (idi)iiiiiculuiii, lielp: seo
army in London, and performing the same -la-ri), ((.

Commonly abbreviated to A. Supplying help helpful corroborative.

as those mentioned above. of the AUeghanies. and is often cultivated. cle.] ; ;

G. when appended to a name. , i (ad-man-ij-en'sis), K. ; pi. adman-

_ .
admanuensis The humanity of Christ is not set before us in the Xew
2. Eccles., a title mistakenly given by
transla- Testament as sustaining merely a conditional or adndniv-
of the [ML., < L. ad, to, ma -.us, hand, uenses (-sez). + rtlar relation to a work whose intrinsic and essential value
tors to the assistants of tlie general -ensis. Cf amanucn.<is.] In old Enij. law, one + .
comes from another source. Prog. Ortlioduxij, p. 20.
Jesuits. See assistant. 3- taking a corporal
, oath, that is, by lajdng the The several structural arrangements adminicular to the
adjutantsMp (aj'6-tant-ship), )i. Same as aa- hand on the Bible, in distinction from one tak- integrity of the whole are thus co-ortlinated.
Spcnvvr, Prin. of Psychol.
ing the oath in other forms, or afiirming. J{.
adjutant-Stork (aj'6-tant-stork), n. Same as admarginate (ad-miir'jin-at), v. t. [< L. ad, to, Adminicular evidence, in lau; explanatory or complct
aiiiiiUuit-hvd. . ^_
minyo (marffin-), margin, -ate^: see ad-
. .
t- + + iim L'Vi.U-ni-c.

adjutator (aj'o-ta-tor), n. [NL., an assistant, margin, and -aic3.] To~uote or write on the adminiculate (ad-mi-uik'u-lat), r. . or t. [<L.
<L. arijutare, assist : see adjutant.^ An adju- margin. [Rare.] adminirulatus. pp. of adminiculare. help, pro^,
tor or helper. See note under agitator, 2. iadniinieulum see adminicle] To give admi-
Receive candidly the few hints which I have admargi-
nicular e^idence ; testify in corroboration of.
'

nated. Coleridge.
foi-merly
adjiltet (a-jof). v. t. or i. [< F. ajotitcr, [Rare.]
To add. admaxillary (ad-mak'si-la-ri), a. [< L. ad, to,
adjouster, add: see adjust.'] adminiculatort (ad-mi-uik'iri-la-tor), n. [L., <
There be + maxilla, .law, after E. maxillary.] In anat., see admiuiciilate.] An assistant;
adminiculare :

Six hachelors as bold as he, adjuting to his company. connected with the jaw. specitieallv, an advocate for the poor.
B. Joniion. Underwoods. admeasure (ad-mezh'ui-), v. t. : pret. and pp. adminiculum (ad-mi-uik'ti-him), n. pi. adnii-
[< ilE. anusu-
;

(a-j6'tor), H. [L., < adjuvare, help see adiiu'ttsurcd, ppr. admeasuring.

adjutor :
nicula (-Iii). [L., a prop: see adminicle.] 1.
adjutant and aid.] helper. [Rare ; its com-A ren, <0F. amesurer, admesurer, < ML. admensu-
4- LL. mensurarc, mea- An aid or'help; an adminicle.
pound coadjutor is in common use.] rare, measiu'e, < L. orf, to,
Of other ndminiruta, or aids to induction, only the titles
He and such as his adjutors were.
. . .
sure ; cf L. admetiri, measure out to, < ad, to,
.
are given by Bacon, and it weuld be hazardous to conjec-
Drayton, Barons' Wars, iv. 10. + metiri, the ult. L. source of measure : se 3 ad- ture as to their significance.
Jt. Adam.ion, Encyc. Brit., XIV. 792.
adjutoryt [< L. as if 'adjutorius,
(aj'o-to-ri), a. and measure, v.] 1. To ascertain the dimen-
sions, size, or capacity of measure. 2. pi. In entom., Kirby's name for the short
cf adjutorium, help : see adjutor.]
;
helping .
segments of certain
The identification of the rcosoner's intellect with that spines on the abdominal
;

Ser\-ing to help or aid. Blount; Bailey.

of his opponent depends, if I understand you aright, upon insects, pupiB or grubs, vrhereby they make their
adjutrrx (a-io'triks). . ; pi. adjutrices (a-jo-tri'-
sez). [L., fem. of adjutor: see adjutor.] A the accuracy with which the opponent's intellect is ad-
Poe, Tales, 1. 272.
way through any substance in which they bm-
mea-iured.
female assistant. [Kare.] row. Also called adminicles. X. E. D.
2. In law, to survey and lay off a due portion to, administer (ad-min'is-ter), r. [< ME. admijn-
adjuvant (aj'6-vant or a-j6'vant), a. and n. as of dower in real estate or of pasture held in isfreu. iimynistren, < OF. aniinistrer, administrer,
[< L. udjui-aH{t-)s, ppr. of adjuL-arc, help : see common. This was foi-merly done by tirit of mod. F. ddniinistrer, < L. administrarc, manage,
aid.] I. . Serving to help or a.ssist; auxiliary;
admeasurement, directed to the sheiiff. execute (cf. administer, an attendant), <ad, to,
contributory: as, an arf/wraiiJ medicine.
Cause adjuvant workcth not by himself, but is a helper.
T'pou this suit all the commoners shall be admeasured.
Blaekstone, Com., iii. 16.
+
ministrare, attend, serve, < minister, servant:
lltundevilte. see minister.] I. trans. 1. To manage or con-
But that humidity is only an adjuvant and not even a admeasurement (ad-mezh'ur-ment), n. [< OF. duct as minister, chief agent, or steward ; super-
necessarj- adjuvant cause, is proved by the immunity of amcsurement, udmesurement : see admeasure and intend the manasement or execution of control ;

fruit-eaters in the swampiest regions of the equatorial -ment.] 1. The process of measuring the as- or regulate in behalf of others as, to adminis-
; :

Pup. Sci. ito., XX. 1G2.

coast-lands. certainment of the numerical amount of any ter the laws or the government, or a depart-
n, n. 1. A person or thing aiding or helping quantity.
2. The numerical amount or mea- ment of government to administer a charitable ;

whatever aids or assists. sui-e of anything, whether a number, the dimen- trust, the affairs of a corporation, or the estate
I udoubtedly, a flavor smacking of the caucus, the
jubi- sions of a solid, the bulk of a fluid, mass, dui'a- of a banknipt.
lee, and other adjuvant': of " the cause " is found in some
of hia IWhittier's] polemic strains.
tion, or degree.
3. In lair, ascertainment and Kor f<u-ms of government let fools contest,
Sledman, Poets of America, p. 124. assignment of the due proportion as, admea- Whate'er is best administcr'd is best.
:
Pnjie, Essay on Man, iii. 804.
surement of damages, or of dower in an estate;
Specifically 2.
In med., -whatever aids in re-
admeasurement of the right of an individual in Bra\vn without hrain is thine my prudent care
admini-ftvrs the war.
:

moving or" preventing disease ; especially, a a common pastui'o.

Foresees, provides,
Driidcn, Ajax and Ulysses, 1. 6S4.
substance added to a prescription to aid the Sometimes called admcnsuration.
o,,.nition of the principal ingredient. 2. To afford; supply; dispense ; bring into use
L. ^^^^^^^^ admeasurer (ad-mezh'ur-6r), n. One who ad- 01 operation, especially in the execution of a
adlegation (ad-lf-ga'shon), . [<
ineasin
later allegatio{n-), a dc])uting, <adle- iiiagisterial or sacerdotal office: as, to adminis-
/ii/Ui-),
+ admedian (ad-me'di-an), a. [< Ij. ad, to, me-
ter relief
+
to administer justice.
garc, allegare, depute, commission, < ad, to,
;

diitu, middle: see od- and median.] In conch.,

Have they not the old popish custom of admini^iterlng
hgare, send with a commission. See allet/ation,
a syhon}^n of lateral, as apjiliod to the series the blessed sacrament of the holy cucharist with wafer
the same word in another use.] Tlio right of Hooker.
of teeth"of the radula, these being raehidian or cakes';
ministers of the individual statesof the old Ger- Let zephyrs hland
median, lateral or adniedian, and micinal.
man empire to be associated witli those of the Administer their tepid genial airs, .'. /"/ii'd'jw.

For "lateral" Professor Limkester substitutes the term

emperor in public treaties and negotiations re- admedian. W. 11. Dull, .Science, IV. M:i. 3. To give or apply; make application ot: as,
lating to the common interests of the empire. to administer medicine, punishment, counsel,
admensuration (ad-men-su-ra'shon), n. [< ML.
Tliis ri(;lit was claimed by the states, but dis- etc.
*> adniin.'iurdtioin-), < admiunurarc : see admea-
puted by the emperor. Close by was a heap of stont osier rods, such as are] used I

ad lib. An abbreviation of ad libitum. sure.] Same as admeasurement. [Rare.] in administering the bastinado. O'DoHOt'Oii, Mere, xilL
[NL., <
ad libitum (ad lib'i-tum). [L. ad = 'E.at; Admetacea (ad-me-ta'se-ji),
n. pi.
: 4. To tender or impose, as an oath.
.Idnii le + -aeia.] A family name used by some Swear by the duty that you owe to Heaven
-ML. Ml- NL. lihitum, L. only in jil- Ubita, plea- . . .

sure, ace. neut. of libet,'a.\%o spelled lubct, it naturalists for the .Idmcti'dte (which see).
pp. To keep the oath that we administer.
Admete (ad-me'te), n. [NL., < Gr. M/ii/TOi, SAo*., Rich. Il.,i..^
l.leascs, akin to E. liefanA love : see lief, love,
liberal, etc.] At pleasure ; to the extent of one's fem. adfit/Tii, untamed, unbroken, poet, form of 5. In law, to manage or dispose of, as the
wished. Specitlcally, in munic, indicating that the time otWuarof =
E. nntametl. Ci. adamant.] The typ- estate of a deceased jicrson, in the capacity
of u passage are left to the feeling and taste

ri ical genus of gastropods of the family Adnii- either of executor or adniinistrator. See ad-
ii'.T. In llie ciwe of cadenzas and otherorna- tida'. A viridula is a small whitish species, half an hicli
. ministration, ^,i.=%YrL. 1. To eonlrol, preside over.
.rase iiiili.ateH that the performer may omit Iciig, found on the Atlantic coast of .North America tr.un an<l 3. Adniinixler, Minister, distribute, give out, deal out.
'itute others In their place. An accompani- ) ';i|n- <'oil northward. In the sense u( sii]iiilyiii!.'. dispensing, niinistrris now used
to be ad lihitum when it may be used or (ad-me'tid), A gastropod of the priiii-JpitH\ of tliin^^siiiriuml lus. to n-(-?t/f>- comfort, con-
ri abbreviated, in speech as well as writing,
admetid 11. :

.idmelidie. scilatlMii, I'.r relief while administer is Used ot things both

;
fiiiriilv
spiritual and material : as, to ndiiH|-'(er food, inediclno,
adlingS,. See addling", 2. Admetidse (ad-met'i-de), />' [NL., < .idmele reprot>f, jusfi*'e.
adlocution (ad-lo-ku'slionj, n. Same as allocii- + -iiiir.] A family of
toxoglossate pectiiiibran- He asserted that . . . a noxious drug had heen (I(/ih|->i.

li'>n, 1. cliiato gastropods, tvpiliod by the genus -Ii/hkVi. islered to him In a dish of p<u-rldge.
The (aniily is clnsely related to the fa)irWifin'ii(fi'. lull llie .Mavaulntj, Hist. Eng., xv.
Adlumia (ad-lo'mi-ii), n. [NL., named for Ma- Atlmetr riridula is
colder watc-re. llclds and woods minister
ii < i-
|iecles iilfcct The gientcst delight which the
mon northern form. The nienibers of this lainlly have n Is the suggestion of an occult relation between man and the
^r9^ rounded head, nllforni tentacles, eyes on minute luber- vegi'table. Kmcr.tun, Nature.
cle external to the tenlnrles. and a characteristic ihli
tlllon of the odontopbore; the shell has an ovate aper- II. intrans, 1. To conlributc assistance;
ture, with an oblhinely tnincated plicate columella and bring aid or supiilies; add soiintliiug with :

;i lr'-iieli!int miter lip. /(( ; as, to administer to tlio necessities of tho

\ adminicle (ad-min'i-kl),
li.
H. [<L. adminirulum,
Mupport, prop, lit. that on wliicli lli(! linnd
I|,,
lioor,
TIkto Is a fountain rising In tlio upper part ot my gar-
may rost, < ad, to, manus, liiiiid, + double
+ ih'ii. which od7iii-H|-ji(crto the pleasuriMis well as the
. . .

dim. Hufflx -culum.] 1. Thai which gives aid plenty o( the place. .'i/ieetalor, No. 447.
or support; an au.\iliary. [Rare.] 2. To i)ertorm the ofllco of administrator: with
The senale of Ave hiindreil wa a permanent ad-. . . upon : as, A
administers upon the estate of B.
)uiKl and admimelr of the piilille aitsemhly. Syn. Aitniinialer to. Minister to. Minister to Is now pref-
Ovtf, (ireei-i-, III. (>. erable to administer to In such eonneetlons as to minister
'"one's needs, to7ni'iit'ji(er fo the necessities of the poor, to
2. Til law, supporting or corroboratory imiof.
minister to the jileasure of the' assembly. Administerto\n
Hpe. 111. ally, In .W
and /Vciic/i /<ii/'. wliBU?ver alil In siM'h I'oniieellons Is archaic.
pnnllii; ibe tenor ot a lost died; any deed or scroll wllhll
tnd< I., enliibllsh the exlutiiiee ot the deed In qucull administert (ad-miu'ls-ter), n. {\j.: see tho
,:\' Hal ri'] t,Ankl.
or to tiinke kiiMwn Itn leniin. verb. ) One wlio administers; a minister or an
3. In med., any aid l<i llie uelion of a remedy. adniiiiiMtrator.
Jot Adlum.] A
grntix nf Amt rican iilant* of 4. \n entom. Hvi' iidminiculum,'i.
;>l. Von bii\i sbi-wed yourself a good administer of the
a llllgln ipccie*, ^. rirrhona, the I'limbuiK fumi- adminlcula, n. Plural of adminicuiun. reveiiu. Bacon, Speech to .sir .1. Penhain.
 ;

administerial 77 admiralty
administerial (ad-min-is-te'ri-al), a. [< L. ad- administrational (ad-min-is-tra'shon-al),
" a. inirandus, ammiratus, etc., and prop, amiralis
iiuiiiskr. attendant (or < E. a'iiminister, v.), + i'eitainiug (jr relating to administration. (the forms in adm-, aim- being due to popular
-ial, in imitation of mmisterinl, q. v.] Pertain- The administrational merits of Darius are so great that etymohigy, which associated the word with
ing to administration, or to the executive part they liave obseui'ed liis militai-y glories.
L. admirarc, admire, atlniirabitis, admirable, or
of fjovemnient ministurial. [Rare.] (s. Jlao'linson, Five (ircat Monarcllies, TIL 42!).
;
with Sp. Ar. al-, the, and the termination being
administrable (ad-min'is-tra-bl), . [<L. as if administrative (ad-min'is-tra-tiv), a. [< L. variously accommodated), < Ar. amir, emir, a ni-
'ttiliiiiiii.striiliilis, iudiitinlalrarc : see administer, udminisirativus, practical, < administrarc, pp. ler, commander ameer and emir), the
(see -al be-
i\] (
of being administered.
';i|)abk' aiiininistnilits : see administer, i\] Pertaining ing due to tire Ar. article
present in all the
al,
administrador (Sp. pron. ad-me-ne-strii-dor'), to adijiiiiislration; executive; administering. Arabic and Turkish titles containing the word,
n. [Sp. E. =
administrdtor.']
: steward ; an A The production and distribution of wealth, the growth as amir-al-uniurd, ruler of rulers, amir-al-liahr,
overseer. G. Yale. [Used in parts of the and ertect of administrative machinery, the education of
the race, these are cases of general laws which constitute
commander of the sea, umlr-al-muminin, com-
United States acquired from Mexico.] the science of sociology. It'. K. Clijt'ord, Lect., II. 2SI. mander of the faithful. The present sense of
administrant (ad-min'is-trant), a. and n. [< F.
Sometimes the term F.xecutive, which sti'ictly means admiral is due to Ar. amir-al-bahr, Latinized
administrunt, of (tdmimsti'cr: see adminis-
pjir. an .\uthority wliicli puts the laws in force, is ojiposed to as admiralius maris and Englished under Ed-
ter, v.'] I. ((. Maiiai,'ing; executive; pertain- tile tei-ui .{dnii oistrotir,', which implies the perforinance ward III. as " ami/rel of the se," or " admyratt of
ing to the management of affairs. of every otlier sort 'if immediate (iovernmental act, such as
the uav}-," afterward simply admiral. A'.' /i'. D.]
colleetiiig taxes, organizing ami directing the Army, Navy,
II, . One who administers ; an executive ami Police, supervising trade, locomotion, postal commu- 1. . If. An emir or jirince under the sultan;
officer. nicati'in. and carrying out in detail legislative measures any Saracen ruler or commander. [The com-
administrate (ad-miu'is-trat), v. t. ; pret. and for promoting ]iuiIic health, education, morality, and gen-
eral contentment,
mon Middle English and Old French sense.]
pp. iiiliitiiiistndcd, ppr. iidiniiii/itratimj. [<L. ad- S. Anuis, Sci. of Pol., p. 91).
2. A naval officer of the highest rank; a com-
niiitistrutus, pp. of adiiiiiiistrare: see adiuiiiis- administratively (ad-min'is-tra-tiv-li), adr. mander-in-chief of a fleet. In the United States
ter, v.'i To administer dispense; ; give; supply: In an admiiiistrativo manner; in relation to navy, as in most foreign services, there are three degrees of
as, "to adiiuiiistrate the sacraments," Knox. administration; from an administrative jjoiut this rank, viz., admiral, viee-admiral, and rear-axlmiral.
These titles diil not exist in the United States till the
administration (ad-min-is-tra'shon), n. [<ME. of view as regards administration.
;
glade of rear-admiral was created in 1.SG2, that of vice-ad-
admiiiintrdcionii, < OF. adininistrution, < L. ad- The English country gentleman, who was lord of the iiiral in 1864, and that of admiral in 1806.
manor, was administrativdif a person of great authority The last was
ministratio(n-), <. admiitistrare : see administer, held by Farragut and Porter, and, by law, ceased to exist on
and influence. Maine, Early Law and Custom, p. 31-1.
V.'] The act of administering; direction;
1. file death of the latter in 1891. In 1899 the title of admiral
Administratively, Kazan is divided into twelve districts. was revived and was conferred upon Rear-admiral Dewey.
management; government of jjublicaffaii's; the Enetje. Brit, XIV. 20. TIic office of vice-admiral, which also was held by Karragut
conducting of any office or employment. and Porter and by Admiral Rowan, was abolished in 1890
The adinuttKfnttiiut of guvernmeiit, in its largest sense,
administrator (ad-min'is-tra-tor), n. [L., a on the death of the last-named incumbent. -An admiial
the I, Iterations of the in k I \ pnlitie, wlietlier
coinprt'lu'iKl-^jiII
manuLjer. < administrarc, pp. administratus: see displays his distingnishing flag at the mainmast, a vice-ad-
legislative, e\(eiiti\e, nrjudieiary; but in its most usual, administer, )'.] 1. One who administers; one miral at the foremast, and a rear-admiral at the mizzen-
andperliaps niits most precise, signifieatioii. it is limited to who directs or manages affairs of any kind: niast. In the British navy, admirals were formerly divided
executive details, and falls peculiarly within the province into three classes, named, after the colors of their respec-
sometimes used as a title of executive office.
of the executive department.
A. Hamilton, Federalist, No. 72.
2. In law : {a) One who, by virtue of a com-
tive flags, admirals of the red. of the white, and of the blue,
with vice-admirals and rear-admirals of each flag but in ;

2. The duty or duties of an administrator

mission from a probate, orphans', or surrogate's 1864 this distinction was abolished, and all British men-of-
specifically, the executive functions of govern-
court, or, in England, from the probate, di- war now display tlie white ensign.
vorce, and admiralty division of the High 3. The recognized chief commander or director
ment, consisting in the exercise of all the powers
Court of .Justice, has cliarge of the goods and of a mercantile fleet, as one of fishing-vessels
and duties of government, both general and
chattels of one dying without a will. In some off Newfoundland or in the North Sea. A royal
local, which are neither legislative nor judicial.
3. The body of jjersons who are intrusted
jm-isdictions his power is extended to real prop-
erty. Often contracted to af/mn {h) In Scots law,
proclamation in 1708 ordered that the master of the first
vessel that entered a harlior or creek in Newfoundland for
with the execution of laws and the superinten- the fishing season should be admiral thereof, the second
dence of public affairs in partictilar, in Clreat:
a tutor, curator, or guardian, having the care vice-admiral, and the third rear-admiral.
Britain, the ministry in the United States,
;
of one who is incapable of acting for himself. 4. The ship which carries the admiral hence, ;

The term is usually applied to a father who has iiower the most considerable ship of any fleet, as of
the President and cabinet, or the President over his children and their estate during their miuurity.
and cabinet during one presidential term as, : Administrator bishop. See bishop.Pnblic admin- merchantmen or of fishing-vessels.
Washington's fii'st administration. istrator, a public officer authorized to administer the The mast
Did the adminij<tration avail themselves of any
. . .
estates of persons dying without relatives entitled to per- Of some great ammj'iral.
form tlie duty. Milton. P. L., L 294.
one of those opportunities?
Burki', Traet-s on Popery Laws. administratorship (ad-min'is-tra-tor-sMp), )(. 5. A collectors' name for butterflies of the
It was, therefore, clear from the lie^iniiiii^ tliat the new The office of administrator. family Vapilionidw, especially the Liinenitis Ca-
administration was to have a settled and strong njipositiun. Removed by order of court from an administratorship milla, distinguished as lehite admiral, and the
T. II. Benton, Thirty Years, I. .OS. for failure to settle his accounts.
The Nation, XXXVI. 540.
Vanessa atalanta, or red admiral. 6.
name A
4. Any body of men
intrusted with executive given by collectors of shells to a univalve shell,
or administrative powers.
The support of the .State governments in all their rights,
administratress (ad-min-is-tra'tres), . [< ad-
niinistriitor + -ess. Cf. administratrice.~i fe- A
the admiral-sliell (which see) Admiral of the
fleet, a title "i (listiiielinii confeiTed on a few admirals in
as the most competent administrations for our domestic male administrator. the r.ritisli service, corresjionding to that of field-marshal
concerns. Jejf'rrson, First Inaugm-al Address.
administratricet, [< F. administratrice, < It.
in the army. Lord high admiral, in Great Britain, the
5. The period during which an executive officer at the head of the naval administration when, as
offi- umniinistratrice, <. NL. administratrix (-trie-): has been rarely the case since 1632, the office is held by
cer or a ministry holds ofBce specifically, in ;
female administrator.
see administratrix.'] A a single person. See admiraltij. VellOW admiral, a
the United States, the period diu-ing which the administratrix (ad-min-is-tra'triks), .; pi. name applied in the British navy to a rear-admiral who is
President holds office.
6. Dispensation; dis- administratrices (ad-min"is-trij-tri'sez). [NL., retired without having served afloat after his promotion.
tribution; rendering: as, the administration of fem. of L. administrator, q. v.] female ad- II. a. Carrying an admiral A chief in a fleet. ;

justice, of the sacraments, or of grace. ministrator. Often contracted to admx. The adm iral galley struck upon a rock. . . .

For the adntiiuslrnfionof this service not only supplieth admirability (ad"mi-ra-biri-ti), 11. Knotles, Hist. Turks.
[< L. ad-
the wants of tlie saints, but is abundant also by many
thanksgivings unto {i,_,d. 2 Cor. ix. 12.
miralrilita{t-)s, < admirabilis, admirable: see ad- admiral-shell (ad'mi-ral-shel), n. shell of A
the genus Conns, the t'onus am miralis, a species
7. The act of prescribing medically. 8. The
miralAe.'] Admirableness. Bailey. [Rare.]
admirable (ad'mi-r.a-bl), a. [< F. admirable, formerly esteemed as much for its rarity as for
act of tendering or imposLng.'as an oath. 9.
<.\j. admiruliilis, i admirari, admire: see ad- its beauty.
In law : (a) The management of the estate of an +
It. Fitted to excite wonder; marvel- admiralship [< admiral
mire.'] (ad'mi-ral-ship), n.
intestate person, or of a testator having no com- -ship.] The office or position of an admiral.
ous strange surprising. ;
petent executor, under a commission (called ;
[Rare.]
It seemeth equally admirable to me that holy King
letters of administration) from the proper au-
Edward the Sixth should do any wrong, or harsh Edward admiralty (ad'mi-r.al-ti), . [Early mod. E.
thority. This management consists in collect- the Fourth do any right to the Muses. Fuller. admiraltie, amiraltyr, amraltie, < ME. amyralte,
ing debts, paying debts and legacies, and dis- In man there is nothing admirable but his ignorance ameralte, amrelte, < OF. admiralte, amiraidtc:
tributing surplus among the next of kin. (i) and weakness. Jer. Taylor, Diss, from Popery, II. i. 7.
see admiral and -ty.] 1. In Great Britain (a) :

In some jmisdictions, the management of the 2. Worthy of admiration having qualities to The office and jurisdiction of the lords commis- ;

estate of a deceased person by an executor, the excite wonder, with approbation, esteem, rev- sioners appointed to take the general manage-
corresponding term execution not being in use. erence, or affection; very excellent: used of ment of maritime affairs, and of all matters re-
Administration of a deceased person's estate may be granted persons or things. lating to the royal navy, with tlie government
for general, special, or limited purposes; as: (1) Adminis-
tratUtn duranti- aM-i'ntia (during absence), when the next
VVliat a piece of work is a man How noble in reason of its various departments,
!
(b) The body of I

how infinite in faculty! in form and moving, how express

person entitled to tlie grant is beyond sea. (-2) Adniinis-
Shak., Hamlet, ii. 2. officers appointed to execute the office of lord
trati(tn pend'-nt,' HI,- (while the suit is pending), when a
and admirable!
suit is commenced in the probate court regarding tlie va- admirableness (ad'mi-ra-bl-nes), n. The qual- high admiral a board of commissioners, called ;

lords (or, in full, lords commissioners) of the ad-

lidity of a will or the right to administration, and lasting ity of being admirable the power of exciting ;

till the suit is determined, Adiiuiiistrativu t-uin t<'Ma.

(."i) mu'alty, for the administration of naval affairs.
admiration.
THf^nto annexo {with the will annexed), in cases where a (c) [cojj.] Tlie building in which the lords of
testator makes a will without naming executors, or where admirably (ad'mi-ra-bli), adv. In an admira-
the admiralty transact business, and in which
the executors named in the will are incapable of actiiig or ble manner; in a manner to excite wonder,
refuse to act. (i) Administration de himi.^ nou (concern- the clerks and other officials connected mth
aiiprol.iation, and esteem excellently.
ing goods not, that is, not administered), when the tirst
administrator dies before he has fully administered. admiral (ad'mi-ral), n. and a. [< ME. admiral,
;
this department are employed. 2. That branch
(.')) of law which deals with maritime cases and of-
Administration ad ,-oUiii,'ndam (for the purpose of collect- amiral, amijral, amerall, amrall, with varying
ing), for collecting and preserving go.ids aljout to perish.
fenses.
term, -alle, -eile, -ail. -ai/l. -aijlc, -el. -elle, -aid, -eld,
(fS) Aiicillarti tulmini^tration is suiiurdinate to the princi-
The power [of the judges of the Supreme Court of the
-ant, -aunt, < OF. admiral, amiral, almiral. -ail, United States] extends ... to all cases of admiralty and
pal administratioTi fur eidleeting tlie assets of foreigners.
It is taken country wliei'e the assets are. See
<iut in tlie -alt, -ault, -ant, -ant, -and, -iittblc, -afle, -et, -e, marine jurisdiction. Calhoun, Works, I. 213.
ancitla,-!!. Administration (/(^/^^'(^(^^(^(duringminor
(7) mod. F. amiral = Pr. amirau, amiralh, ami- Admiralty court, or court of admiralty, a tribunal
age, or minority) is granted when the executor is a minor. ratz, mod. Pr. amiral = OSp. almiralle, -arje, iiaving jurisdiction over maritime causes, whether of a
(8) Foreign administration is adniiui>tiation exercised by
authority of a foreign power. Coimcil Of administra- Sp. almiriinte = Pg. amiralh. almirante = It.
civil or criminal nature. In England it was formerly held
before the lord high admiral, and afterward before his dep-
tion. Bee coioici^. =Syn. 1. Conduct, control, superin- ammireiijlio, < ML, admiralis, -alius, -alius, -al- uty or the deputy of the lords commissioners : but now it
tendence, regulation, execution. dus, -ariiis. -alrilis, -andus, -atus, almiraldus, am- forms a branch of the probate, divorce, and admiralty di-
 :,

admiralty
lision of the High Court of Justice, the judge in it being
appointed by the crown as one of the judges of the High
Court. The English court of admiralty is twofold, the in-
stance court and the prize court. The civil jurisdiction of
the instance court extends generally to such contracts as
are made upon the sea. .ind are founded in maritime ser-
vice or consideration. It also regulates many other points
of maritime law, as disputes between part-owners of ves-
sels, and questions relating to salvage. It hiis likewise
power t'l inquire iulo certain wrongs or injuries committed
on the hii-'h seas, .xs in cases of collision. Incriminal mat-
ters the court of admiralty has, partly by common law
and partlv bv a vaiietv of statutes, cognizance of piracy
and all other inilikt:iliie offenses committed either upon
the sea or on the coa-^t.i when beyond the limits of any Eng-
lish county. The prize court is the only tribunal for de-
ciding what is and what is not lawful pi-ize, and for adjudi-
catingupon all matters, ciril and criminal, relating to prize,
or even- acquisition made by the law- of war which is either
itself of a maritime character or is made, whether at sea
or by land, by a naval force. In Scotland the cases for-
merly brought before this court, which has been abolish-
ed, are now prosecuted in the Court of Session or in the
sheriff court, in the same way as ordinary ci\il causes. In
the United Slates the admiralty powers are exclusively
vested in the federal courts. They extend over the great
lakes and navigable rivers. Droits of admiralty. See
droit.
TTigh Court Of AdBiiralty, an ancient English
court, held before the lord high admiral of England or his
deputy (styled judge of the admiralty), with cognizance of
all crimes and otfenses committed either upon the sea or
upon the coasts, out of the body or extent of any English
county. It proceeded without jurj-, a method contraiy to
the genius of the law of England. Stephen,
admirancet (ad-mir'ans), Ji. [< OF. admirance,
(.admirer: see admire a.uA-ance.'] Admiration.
[She] with great admiraunce inwardly was moved,
.And h"nourd him with all that her behoved.
Spemer, F. Q., V. x. 39.

admiration (ad-mi-ra'shon), n. [< late ME.

admyracion, < OF. admiration, < L. admira-
iio{n-), < admire
admiruri, : see admire.'] If.
Wonder astonishmeut surprise.
; ;

And I saw the woman drunken with the blood of tlie

saints, . . and when I saw her, I wondered with great
.

admiration. Rev. xvii. 0.

Your boldness I with admiration see. Dryden.
2. Wonder mingled withapprobation, esteem,
love, or veneration an emotion excited by ;

what is novel, great, beautiful, or excellent

as, admiration of \-irtue or goodness; admira-
tion of a beautiful woman or a line piettire.
Where imitation can go no farther, let admiration step
on, whereof there is no end in the wise-st form of men.
Sir T. Browne, Christ. Jlor., III. 2.
If it should be here objected, as Cicero objected to
Ciesar, " We
have matter enough to admire, but would
gladly see something to praise,' I answer, that true ad-
miration is a superlative degree of praise.
Bacon, E-s.says, etc. (Bohn ed.), p. 486.
There is a pleasure in admiration, and this is that which
properly causeth admiration, when we discover a great
deal in an object wiiich we understand to be excellent.
Tiltotxon.

3t. The quality of exciting wonder or sur-

prise; marvelousness ; admirableness.
Adniir'd Miranda!
Indeed the top of admiration.
Shak., Tempest, iii. 1.

4. An
object of wonder or approbation : now
only in the phrase the admiration of.
lie was
admiration o/all the negroes.
the
J rein;/. Sleepy Hollow.
Note Of admiration, an exclamation-point (!). To ad-
miration, in very excellent or admirable manner; in a
:l

laanner to elicit admiration.

They have curious straw workc among the nunns, even
to admiration. Jiveli/n, Uiary, March 23, 1040.
(He] moulded heads in clay or plaster of Paris to
. . .

admiration, by the dint ol natural geniu.H merely.

Lnmh, Did Benchers.
adniirative(ad'mi-ra-tiv), . and n. I. a. Ex-
prrHsiiij; admiration or wonder. [Rare.]
n.t . The jioint of exclamation or admira-
tion fl).

itdmiratively (ad'nii-ni-tiv-li), mlr. In an ad-

tninilivc iimiiiier; admiringly, [liurc]
admire md-mir'.), I'. pret. ami i)|i. admired, ;

fipr. mlmirin;/. [< F. admirer, OK. itdmircr, ear-

ier nmiri-r, Kji. Pjr. udmirar = It. ammirarc,
< I' iir at, < ad, at, + mirari
(tor ,, r, =Or. /niihw (tor 'n/ai-
o^> \/ smi, Hmile if. umili :

*mi 1.. iigiird with wondir or

""f! ivil III: fonni-rly usi-d
1''' '

III an ironical orsar-

'^1^"' " to tneauing'J: bh,
X </

uw
grpftte-Al wU 'A lli<.Ui, tUi,.., ,

hie hardlf knows wlc"

Ity u( iich > d>nmHUtl<
 ; ; . :
.;

admlttatur 79 ado
admission to membership in a university or admonishingly (ad-mon'ish-ing-H), adv. By admonitory fad-mon'i-to-ri), a. [< L. as if 'rf-
college. way of ailinouition in an admonishing manner. ni'iniloriidf; cf. admiinitorium, an admonition.] ;

admittedly (ad-mit'ed-li), adv. In an aoknow- admonishment (ad-mon'ish-ment), n. Admo- C'ontainitig admonition; tending or serving to
ledged manner confessedly. ; nition; counsel; warning. [Rare.] admonish: as, admonitory of A\i\,y," Barron:,
The inrtuence of ocean-currents in the distribution of when wiis my Urd su iiuicli uii;,X'litly tt'mper'd Works, I. 4a0.
heat over the surface of the globe wmild still be admit- To stop his ears a;,'iiinst adtnmiishmcnt/ She held up her small hand with an admmiitorii gesture.
tedhj erroneous. J. Croll, Climate and Time, p. .'52. Unami, unarm, and du not lli,'ht tu-d.ay. Charlotte Bronti;, Shirley, ix.
Shak., T. and C, v. 3.
adniittendo cleriCO (ad-mi-ten'do Ider'i-ko).
[ML., lor admitting
,,
a clerk (clergyman) L. ad-
.., . ,,_.,,,

mitti .rf, abl. ot a,lnnttr,4ns gevnml ot aclnu-

, admonition
:

(ad-mr,-nisIi'on), n. [< ME.

ii. 6.

amoni-
admonitrix(ad-mon'i-triks), n.; pl.admonitriccs
Thy

q. v.]
t'l-ave admoiiixhments prevail with rae.
S/m/f., 1 Ucu. VI.,
(ad-Mjon-i-tri'sez). [L., fern, of admonitor,
A female admonitor; a monitress. -V.
terc,
cus, a
..
''^r'_*,:
clerk:
.'":.''''''''.'.
see ckrt.] n^^^^-f'!"^-,:--!";"?
An old English t!d'
writ,
<', -"", < of. -,oa;, later rfomtto, < D. K
L. admniaUo(n-), < admoncrc, advise, admonish: admortization (ad-mor-ti-za'shon), n. Same
issued to the bishop instead of to the sheriff as 1. The act, or an act, of ad- as tiiii(irli;:iiti(in.
see admonish.']
in ordinary actions, to enforce a judgment es- monishing; counsel or advice gentle reproof admo-^et (ad-mov'), v. t. [Earlier amove (see
tablishing the right of the crown to make a pre- instniction in duties; caution; direction.
;

amoved), < L. admovere, move to, < ad, to, +

sentation to a benefice. Now all these things happened xuito themfor ensamplcs jHoivre, move see move.] To move (to); bring : :

admittendo in socium (ad-mi-ten'do in s6'- and they are written for our admonifiun. 1 Cor. x. 11.
(to): as, "admoved unto the light," Coverdale,
shi-um). [ML., for admitting as an associate He learns the look of things, and none the less
:
tr. of Erasmus, 1 .John ii. 8.
L. admittendo: see above in, to, as socium, ace. l''or admvml ions from the hunger-pinch.
Browning, Fra Lippo Lipjii. admr, A contraction of administrator.
; ;

of socius, a fellow, associate: see social.] An

of assize 3. iTccfes., public or private reproof to reclaim
admx. A contraction of adniini.strntrix.
old English writ addressed to justices ^ __ _

adnascence (ad-uas'ous), jj. [i adnascent : see

requiring them to associate with themselves an offender : the first step in church discipline, -cnce.]
'
other designated
" ------ '--'=-1-'--"
persona, commonly laiights of followed, when xmheeded, by suspension or ex-
Adhesion o parts to each other by the
the county, in holding assizes at the eircuit. communication. = Syn. Admonition, Reprehcnsiim, Ite- whole surface. Hyd. Soc. Lex.
Monition, Ct'n.^un-, lUproach, Rebuke, Reprimand, adnascent (ad-nas'ent), a. [<L. adnascen(t-)s,
admitter (ad-mit'er), re. One who or that which jiToof, remonstrance, expostulatinn, warning, suggestion, hint, ppr. of adnasd, usually agnasci, full foi-m ad-
admits. intimation. In the primary and almost invariable sense, ijnasci, grow to, < ad, to, + *gnasci, usually 7ta^ci,
admittible (ad-mit'i-bl), a. [< admit + -ible : adinouition, repreheiiaion, and reproof are bestowed upon grow, be born: see (/Hfe; and reasceni.] Grow-
see -able, -ible.] Same as admittablc. eonduet which is morally defective. Censure and repre-
ing to or on something else.
pret. and pp. admixed hension may or may not be addressed directly to the per-
admix (ad-miks'), t.
;
v.
son blamed the utterances expressed by the other words
; Moss, which is au adnascent plant.
and admixt, ppr. admixing, [First in p. a. ad- are always so addressed. Adnwnition is caution or warn- Evelyn, Sylva, II. vii. 8.
mlred, prop, admixt, of L. origin, < admixtiis, pp. ing with reference to future conduct; it is often based
of admiscere, mix with, < ad, to, miscere AS. + = upon past failures as, admonition not to repeat a fault.
: adnata (ad-na'ta), re. [NL. ; (1) fem. sing., (2)
It is often an otflcial act, as of the authorities of a church, neut. pi. of L. adnatus: see adnate.] 1. sing.
miscan, E. mix, q. v.] To mingle with some- school, or college. Monition is a softer word, and is mostly
tliing else ; add to something else. See mix. Same as tunica adnata (which see, imder tunica).
The small quantities of alkalies present (in the topaz]
confined to subjective promptings or warnings: as, the
nwnitions of conscience or of reason. The other words
2. pi. In roo^., tegumentary appendages, as
may be attributed either to admixed impurity, or to an are wholly retrospective. Reprehension may be the mild- hair or feathers, or other covering or growth
incipient .alteration. Amer. Jour. .Sci., 3d ser., XXIX. 329. est of them, or may be stren^ithentil by an adjective as, :
superficially attached to an animal.
the severest reitrehension. It is unorticial, and may de-
admixtiont (ad-miks'ehon), L. admix- n. [< adnate (ad'nat), a. [< L. adnatus, gro-ivn to,
note the act of an equal. Reproof is the act of a superior
tio(n-), < admiscere, pp. admixtus, mix with see :
or elder, an authoritative and personal censure. Censure pp. of adnasd : see adnascent, and cf. agnate.]
admix.] The act of mingling or admixing; a is unfavorable juilgment, generally severe, possibly official. In physiol. and hot., congeni-
mingling of different substances ; the addition Reproach is censure with opprobrium it is used chiefly as ; tally attached or grown to-
a relief to excited feelings, and is intended to humiliate gether. See adnation. Also
of an ingredient admixttire. ;
ratlier than correct. Rebukeis energetic and summary, like
All metals may
be calcined by strong waters, or by ad- stopping one's moutll it implies feeling, like reproach,
;
coadnate, coadunatc, coadu-
and mercury.
rnixtion of salt, sulphur, Bacon. but more self-control. Rcpriviand istheactof asuperior, nated, and consolidated Ad-
admixture (ad-miks'tur), n. [< L. admixtus, is severe, and is often official and public as a form of pen- nata anther, an anther that is at-
as, sentenced to receive a reprimand from his com- tached for its whole length to one
pp. of admiscere, mix with see admix and mi.v- :
alty :

manding officer in the presence of the regiment. (See the side of its filament.
ture.] 1. The act of mingling or mixing; the discrimination of corresponding verbs under censure, v.) adnation (ad-na'shon), re. The
state of being mingled or mixed. A man that is an heretic, after the first and second ad- Adnate Anther. state of being adnate; con-
1.
\\'hen a metallic vapour is subjected to admixture with monition, reject. Tit. iii. 10. Adnate Stipule.
2,
genital union of different or-
anotller gas or vapour, or to reduced pressure, its spectrum The admonition.'?, fraternal or parental, of his fellow-
becomes simplified. J. N. Loclojer, Spect. Anal., p. 154. Christians, or the governors of the church, then more pub- gans by their siirfaees. Specitlcally, in bot., the
Haninwiid. union or adhesion of different circles of inflorescence, as
2. That which is mingled or formed by min- lic reprekeiisions.
the calyx-tube tcj the ovary, in distinction from coalescence,
gling; a compound made by mixture. 3. An Those best can bear 7-eproof -who merit praise.
Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. &S3.
which denotes the union of members of the same circle
ingredient different in Kind from that which only. Also called consolidation.
gives a mixture its principal properties. 4. Divine monition Nature yields.
That not by bread alone we live. ad nauseam (ad ua'sf-am). [L. : ad, to; nau-
In general, anything added ; especially, any Wordsivorth, Devotional Incitements. seam, ace. of nausea : see Miusea.] Literally,
alien element or ingi'edient. The pain of a little censure, even when it is unfounded, to sickness to disgust to the extent of excit-
; ;

ad modum (ad mo'dum). [L. lit., to the way, ; is more acute than the pleasure of much praise. ing disgust, especially the disgust which arises
Jejferson, Correspondence, II. 440.
mode, means, manner: ad, to; 'modum, ace. of from satiety or wearisome reiietition as, state- :

Dread of reproach, both by checking cowardice in battle ments or complaints repeated ad nauseam.
modus : see mode.] In the manner in such ;
.and by restraining nnsbehaviour in social life, has tended
way, or to such effect ; as ; like. to public and private advantage. adnerval (ad-ner'val), a. [< L. ad, to, ner- +
admonish (ad-mon'ish), 'V. t. [< ME. admon- Spencer, Prin. of Psychol., 526.
//. rs, nerve.] Mo-sdng toward the nerve: a term
ysshen, amonysshen, -csshen, -asen, etc., earlier My caution was more pertinent applied to electrical currents passing in a mus-
Than the rebuke you give it. Shak., Cor., ii. 2. cular fiber toward the point of application of
and prop, amonesten, -isteii (adm- for am- in
The knight inquires how such an one's wife, or a nerve-fiber.
imitation of the L. original, and -ish for -est in
. . .

mother, or son, or father do[es], whom he does not see at

imitation of verbs in -islfi), < OF. amonestcr church which is understood as a secret reprimand to the adnexed (ad-neksf), a. [< L. adnexus, con-
(F. adnionester), advise, < ML. *admonistare. a
;

person absent. Addison, Spectator. nected, +

-ed'2.] In bot., annexed or connected

corruption of admonitore, freq. of L. fl[Z;o?!ej'<", applied to the gills in Agaricusy/ben they reach
admonitioner (ad-mo-nish'on-er), re. [For-
'^' " '
pp. admonitus, ad-vise, ' ^~
< orf, " "
to,+ monere, advise + to the stem but are not adnate to it.
nievly also admonish ioiter; <admonitio'n
' '
-er'^.]
warn: see monisti, monition.] 1. To notify of An admonisher; a ilispenser of admonitions; adnominal (ad-nom'i-nal), a. [< L. as if *ad-
or reprove for a fault reprove with mildness. (which nominalis: see adnoun.] In gram., belonging
;
specificallv, an Admonitionist see).
Count him not as an enemy, but adnwni.-<h him as a to or qualifying a noun adjectival. ;
Hales.
brother. 2 Thes. iii. 15. The true genitive originally arf/iowjj'nai ; that is. its
Admonitionist (ad-mo-nish'on-ist), re. [< ad- is

To counsel against something; caution primary function is to limit the meaning of a substantive.
2. or
monition -ist.] + name given to the follow- A Trans. Amer. Philol. Ass., XV. 7.
ers of Thomas Cartwright, two of whom in loT2
advise ; exhort ; warn.
Iwara'd thee, I adinonish'd thee, foretold published " An Admonition to Parliament," fol- adnomination (ad-nom-i-na'shon), re. [< L. ad-
The danger and the lurking enemy. nominatio(n-), agnominatio{n-), equiv. to Gr.
lowed by a second one by himself, strongly ad-
Milton, T. L.,
Me fruitful scenes and prospects waste
ix. 1171.
vocating church government by presbyters as napovofiaaia, a pun < ad, to, nominare, name,
; +
Alike admonish not to roam. opposed to bishops, and the supremacy of the < nomen (nomin-), a name.] play upon words A
Coteper, The Shrubbery. chm-ch over the state. paronomasia.
3. To instruct or direct ; guide. admonitive (ad-mon'i-tiv), a. [< L. admonitus, adnoun (ad ' noun), n. [< L. ad + noun. Cf
L. adnomen, usually agnomen, sui-name: see
Ye choice spirits that admonish me. pp. of admonere: see admonish.] Containing
Shak., 1 Hen. VI., v. 3. admonition. [Rare.] agnomen.] In _()r'o/H.,anadjeetiveorattributive
Jloses was admtmished of God when he was .about to Instructive aud admonitive emblems. word; an adjimct to a noim; specifically, ac-
make the tabernacle. Heb. viii. 6. Barrow, Works, II. xxvi. cording to some gi'ammarians, an adjective
This view, which od)nfl)iis/is me where the sources of ,'; fr.^
.
FT < nrJmnnprfi
admonere
used substantively, as the good, the true, and
- and -'power lie, can-ies upon
wisdom " its face the highest
" ". admonitor (ad-mon 1-toi), i
)!. \_L.., <.

certificate of'truth. Emerson, Nature. see admonish.] An admonisher a momtor.

;
the beautiful.
notify remind most times a very faithful and very ado (a-di)'), re., orig. inf. [< ME. ado. at do.
4. To inform acquaint with; ; ; Ounsricucc is at . . .

dial, equiv. to E. the prep, at,

prudent ,vl monitor. Shenstone, Essays (1763), p. 222. North, to do,
recall or incite to duty.
Scaud. at, being the sign of the inf., like to in
'The angel bright. admonitorial (ad-mon-i-to'ri-al), a. [< admoni-
Ere he drew nigh, his radiant visage turn'd, + -al.] Repro-ving; admonishing; having literary E. From the use of this inf. in phrases
toni
Adtnonhih'd by his ear. Milton, V. L., iii. 047.
of an admonitor ; admonitory. like much ado, little ado, more ado, i. e., much
the' manner
But Maggie stood, right sair astonish'd. to do, etc., ado came to be regarded as a noxm
Till by the heel and hand admonish'd. Miss Tox had acquired an admonitorial tone, and
. . .

a habit of improving passing occasions. {^'ado, or grete bysynesse, sollicitudo,"

Burns, Tam o' Shanter.
Dickens, Dombey and Son, li. Prompt. Parv., \i. 7), qualified by much, little,
admonisher (ad-mon'ish-er), . One who re-
more, and hence later great, any, etc., as an
proves or counsels. admonitorily (ad-mon'i-to-ri-li). adv. In an
admonitory manner -with warning or reproof. ; adj. Cf. affair, < OF. a faire, to do, a-<lo.]
Horace was a nuld admonisher, a court satirist fit for
the gentle times of Augustus. Dryden. Carlyle. I.t inf. 1. To do.
 ;: ;

ado 80 adorable
With that piynce Most we have at do. Adonic and n. [< L. as if *Adoni- adoptant (a-dop'tant), a. and n. [< F. adoptant,
(a-don'ik), a.
Tomuley Hysteria, p. 237.
cus, < Aiionis.] I. a. Of or pertaining to Ado- <L. adoptan{t-)s, ppr. of adoptarc: see adopt.]
He scballe have ado every day with hem. nis. See J(to)i!>, etymology Adonic verse. Secll. 1. a. Adopting.
ilandeville, p. 132.
II. n. An Adonic verse so called, it is said,
:
II. n. One who adopts a child or thing as his
I wonder what he had ado in appearing to me?
J. Hogg, Tales (1837), II. 194.
because used in songs simg at the Adonia, or own.
festival of Adonis, it consists ot a dactyl and a spon- adoptatet (a-dop'tat), t. [< L. adoptatus, pp. i:.
2. In doing; being done. dee or trochee, as rdrd juventus, and on account of its ot adoptarc : see adopt.] To adopt.
Only an eager bustling, that rather keeps ado than does animated movement is adapted to gay and lively poetry.
anytliing. Earlt\ Microcosm., xxvii. 58. It is seldom used by itself, but is joined with other kiuds
adoptative (a-dop'ta-tiv), a. [< L. adoptatus,
of verse. It is said to have been devised by Snpplio. pp. of adoptare (see adopt), -ive.] Same as +
n. . Doing; action; business; bustle; trou- Adonis (a-do'nis). >i. [< L. Adonis, < Gr. "ASunc, adoptite. [Rare.]
ble; labor; (Uffienltj-: as, to persuade one with
also "Aduv, in mj-th., a favorite of Aphrodite adoptedlyt (a-dop'ted-li), adr. By adoption.
much ado. (Venus); according to the oldest tradition, the Lucio. Is she your cousm?
Let's follow, to see the end of this ado. Isab. Adoptedty, as school-maids change their names.
Shak., T. of the S., v. i.
son of Theias. king of Assyria, and his daugh-
Sliak., M. for M., i.
We
had much ado to keepe ourselves above water, the
ter Myrrha or SmirTna. He was killed by a 5.

wild boar, but was permitted by Zeus to pass adopter (a-dop'ter), H. One who or that wliich
billows breaking desperately on our vessel.
adopts.
velyn. Diary, Sept. 22, 1641. four months every year in the lower world,
And what is life, that we should moan ? why make we four with Aphrodite, and four where he chose. adoptian (a-dop'shan), a. [< ML. Adoptiani,
such ado i Tennynon, May Queen, Conclusion. The name, like the myth, is of Phenician ori- the adoptian heretics, irreg. < L. adojttarc : see
-ado. [Sp. Pg. -ado, It. -ato F. e, < L. dtus, m. = gin, akin to Heb. adon, lord : see Adonai.'] 1. ado2)t.] In theol., of or pertaining to the doc-
see -ate^.'] A
suffix of Latin origin, the Spanish A beau; a dandy; an exquisite: as, he is quite trine of adoption Adoptian controTersy. See
masculine form of -ade^, -ate^. as in renegado,
an Adonis. 2. In bot., a genus of European adopttuntsin.
adoptianism (a-dop'shan-izm). . [< adoptian
desperado, etc. In some words -ado is an er- plants belonging to the natural order i?aMHCH-
roneotis form of -ada, as in bastinado. See lacece. in the com-adonis, or pheasants-eye, A. autum-
+ -ism.] Same as adoptionism.
-(iihi. nalis, the petals are bright scarlet, and are considered as The recantation was probably insincere, for on return-
emblematical of the blood of Adonis, from which the ing to his diocese he (Felix, bishop of Urgel] taught adop-
adobe (a-do'ba), n. and a. [Less correctly tiani^-m as before. Encyc. Brit., 163.
plant is fabled to have sprung. I.
adobi, colloquially shortened to dobie; < Sp.
adobe, an unbumt brick dried in the sun, <
3t. [/. c] A
kind of wig formerly worn. adoptianist (a-dop'shan-ist), n. [< adoptian +
He puts on a fine fio\ving adonis or white periwig. -ist.] Same as adoptionist.
arfofcnr, daub, plaster. Cf. daub.'] I. n. 1. The R. Graves, Spirit. Quixote, HI. .\ix.
It was under this pontitlcate [Leo III.] that Felix of
Mexican-Spanish name of the sun-dried brick Adonist (a-do'nist), 71. [< Heb. adondi (see Urgel, the adoptianist, was anathematized by a Roman
in common use in countries of small rainfall Adonai) + -ist.] One who maiutained that the synod. Encyc. Brit., XIV. 449.
and of inferior civilization. vowel-points ordinaialy written under the con- adoption (a-dop'shon), n. [< L. adoptio(n-), a
This is a desolate town of two thousand inhabitants sonants of the Hebrew word JH VH (pronounced shorter form oi adoptatio(n-), adoptare, adopt: <.
dwelling in low dilapidated huts of the most common
since the sixteenth century, except among the see adopt.] 1. The act of adopting or taking
building material in the Andes adobe, or sun-dried blocks
of mud mingled with straw. Jews, Jehovah) are not the natural points be- as one's own a choosing for use, or by way of ;

J. Orton, Andes and Amazon, p. 40. longing to that word, but are vowel-points be- preference or approval; assumption; formal
2. Clay or soil from which sun-dried bricks are longing to the words Adonai and Elohim ; these acceptance as, the adoption of a distinctive :

made, or which is suitable for making them. words are substituted iu reading by tlie Jews dress; he favored the adoption of the bill; the
3. In the quicksUver-mines of the Pacific coast, for the name JITS'H, a name which they are adoption of a new word into a language.
a brick made of the finer ores mixed with clay, forbidden to utter, and the true pronunciation The adoption of vice has rained ten times more young
for more convenient handling in the furnace. of which is lost. Those persons who held the men than natural inclinations. Lord Ctit-.-itcrlicld.
H. a. 1. Built or made of adobes or sun- opposite view were termed Jchovists, 2. The act of taking into an aflSliated relation;
dried bricks.
2. Suitable for making sun- adonize (ad'o-niz), v. t. [=F. adoniser; < admission to some or all of the privileges of
Adonis, q. v., + -izc.] To make beautiful or at- natiu'al kinship or membership: as, the adoption
dricJ bricks : as, an adobe soil.
adolescence (ad-o-les'ens), n. [< ME. adoles- tractive; adorn one's self with the view of at- of a child adoption into a tribe a son by adop- ; ;

cence. < OF. adolescence, < L. adolescentia, usu- tracting admiration said only of men. [Rare.]
: tion. Simple adoption of a child extend.s only to hia
sMy adulescentia, < adolescen(t-)s, usually adH?i- I employfil tiiree tiood liuurs at least in adjusting and treatment as a member of the houseliold lesiul adoption ;

adonizing myself. Sinotlftt, tr. of Uil Bias, III. 41s. may confer upon him any or all of the riglit.^ of actual re-
cen(t-)s, young: see adolescent.'] The state of lationship. In the absence of any legally assumed obli-
growing; specifically, youth, or the period of adoorst (a-dorz'), 2>rep. phr. as adv. [A reduced gation, an adopted child is not in law deemed a relative
life between puberty and the full development form of both of doors and at doors, as in the of the adopting parent, and does not inherit as aucli, and
of the frame, extending in man from about the phrases out of doors, out o' doors, forth a doors, the adopting parent acquires no other autlunity tlian that
and in a doors, in at doors: see a-*, a-T, ami which atlection or the consent of the leiturul p;u rut may
age of fourteen years to twenty-five, and in wo- give. The civil or statute laws of most cnuiitries strictly
man from twelve to twenty-one applied almost :
door.] At doors at the door.;
regulate the ])rineiples of legal adoption with reference to
exclusively to the young of the human race. If I get in a-duors, not the power o' th' country. its limitation, the rights of natural heirs, etc.
Nor all ray aunt's curses shall disembogue me. 3. In theol., that act of divine grace by which,
adolescency quality or
(ad-o-les'en-si). H. The Fletclier and Stiirli'ij, .Night-Walker, v. 1.
siati- ul' Ijciiig adolescent or in the growing age. through Christ, those who have been justified
adolescent (ad-o-les'ent), a. and n. adopt (a-dopt')- ' [^ F. adopter, < L. adoptarc, " are taken into the number aud enjoy the lib-
[< late
ilE. adolescente, n., < OP. adolescent, < L. adoles-
adopt, choose, < ad, to, + optarc, wish : see o/i- erties and privileges of the children of God."
tatirc] I. trans. 1. To choose for or take to West. Conf. of Faith, xii.
cen(t-)s, usually adulescen(t-)s, growing up, not
one's self make one's own by selection or as-
;
yet grown, young, a youth, prop. ppr. (and as But ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we
sent ; receive or agree to as a personal belong- cry, Abtui, Father. lloin. viii.
such prop, written adolescen{t-)s) ot adolescerc, ir.
ing or opinion : as, to adopt a name or an idea
grow up (see adult), < ad, to, olescere, the in- + an adopted citizen or country ; the meeting
adoptional (a-dop'shon-al), a. [< adoption +
ceptive form of 'olere, grow, < ali're, nourisli: -id. Kelatiiig to adoption.
adopted the resolution. I

see aliment.'] I. a. Growing up advancing ; adoptionism (a-dop'shou-izm), H. [(.adoption

Tell me, may not a king adopt an heir?
from childhood to manhood or womanhood A'/iuA-., 3 Hen. VI., i. 1.
+ -ism.] Iu theol., the doctrine that Christ is
youthful. I have adopted the Koman sentiment, that it is more
tlie Sou of God by adoption only, it was held
Scho<da, unless discipline were doubly strong, honourable to save a citizen than U kill an enemy. that, as the son of David, he had simply a human nature,
Detain their adolescent charge t^jo long. JvhiiHun, I'ref. to .Shak. which afterward by an act of adoption became uuitea
with the divine nature, or the eternal Word. This doc-
Cou'//t:r, Tirocinium. Men resist the conclusion in the morning, Itnt adopt
trine, tletugli not unknown in the early church, was Ilrst
One who as the evening wears on, that temper prevails over
H, 1. a person of is growing up ;
it
everything of time, place, and condition.
distiiutly propounded in Si>ain near the end of the eighth
eithir sex during the period of adolescence. century I'y Kelix, bishop of Urgel, and KItpandus, arch-
Knwrmn, Experience.
adolode (ud'o-16d), . [<Gr. a- priv. + ddXoc, bisliup itf T.ih-do. It wiLS opposed by Alcnlii, and eon-
2. Specifically, to ailinit into a relation of af- dennied liy three councils, at Kjitishoii in 7;l'j, at Frank-
fnmrl (Hef3 dok^, deceit), + oiur. way.] Anap- furt in 7!M, and at Aix-la-Chapelli^ uliont T'.Hl. Also writ-
filiation ; confer t lie rights or jirivileges of kin-
IiamtuH for detecting fraud in distillation. ten in/-i;fh'r(?o'vj/,,
ship upon, as ono who is not naturally rclaled
Adonai dul-o-na'i or a-Ur/ni), n. [Hcb. adondi, or connected; csiiccially, to receive and treat adoptionist (n-dop'shon-ist), n. [< ailoptioii -(-
lit. my lords,' < adon, lord. Cf. Jdonis.'] A ns a child or niciiiber of one's fmnily, etc.: as,
-isl. >iie who holds the doctrine of ado])tion- I
(

Ilclircw name
of Ood, reverentially used in the orphans \v*'r<i ailoptiit by friends. See adop-
isiii. .\lsiv written adoptianist.
nulling iiH u substitute forthe "iuclT.iiile name"
tion, '2.
3. To take or re<-eive into any kind of adoptioust
(a-dop'slius), a. [< adoption + -ou.i.
IIIVII, that is, .Jehovah.
hnrnl,.
See Adonist aud Jc- now relationsliij): as, to adopt a person as nn t'f. amhitious, amintion.] Adoptive; adopted
or assumed.
heir, or as a friend, guide, or example.
Adcnp.-in ,.1, ,-.,.-.',,), a. [< L. Adnnen.^. < Or. I'rettv, foml, adoptiouH christeniioms.
TltUH, I am incorporate hi Home, '

.\doni8.] Pertaining to or .S/olA,, All's Well, 1.

.
A It4,man now atUtptfd happily. I.

.Vilonis: as, "fair Aitonean .s'/rtt.. Tit. And., I. 2. adoptive (a-doji'tiv). a. [< li. fidiijtiivus, (.adop-
'". r. Htrangers were very rarely adopted Into a right of prop, tarc : Hooadopt.] 1. I'itteil for or given to adopt-
A i'>'ni-ii )..;)/. [L., <Qp. l\()u'ia,prop. erty In <:lan land In the early time. ing: as, arece]ttiveand I((//<^'l'< language. 2.
'
It. W. Itotr, (lerman Laliil-holilInK, p. 7.'<.
'
' . ix'rtaining to ".Vn-ivtr. Constituted by a<loptii>n ado|iting or iiiloiited: ;
*
'.I two days' dnnitinn
iriiiiil during IIm^ fen-
II. intrans. In euchre, to )il:iy with the snil
turned up for trumps: a privili'geof the d<'aler.
ns, an</</()/<fii'(f:ithei'or son. 3. Assiinieil : as,
' I
" adoptive and clu'erful boldness," .l/iVfoH, Ref.
liv wiinicn in honor adoptability (H-dop-ta-bil'i-li), .; pi. adopta-
'
i
in Kng,, i. Adoptive anna, in /oi-.. arms which the
li iMM and (ireeks.
i
liitiliis(.{ iz ). The state of lieing iidojitable ; I hi' iidniiicr is nliliged to tiiiirsliiil with his own. as the condl-
'
In. htlltliill, Hllfl ea|ialiilily df being adiipteil; that wliich eiin bi- li I s'uiie iioui.r or esiiilc lilt hlui.

'

'
irinnithiK adii|iler| or made use of: us, "the select ailiijitn- adoptively (a-ilop'Iiv-li), mlr. In an adoptive
I'liln, |i,-niolil-
iiiiiriner; Tiy wiiv of ndoiition.
^

'-I'lrM the productive

InlilirK," farli/te, I'asI and Present, 11. xvii.
.. I

adoptable (a-doii'ta-bl). . |< iidopi + -alilr.] adorabllity (n-ilor-a-bil j-ti), n. (< adorable:
Si.ni .idnnir. 'apalilr' of lu'iug aiioiileil ; fit or worthy to be see -liiliti/.] The quiiliiy of being adorable.
adopted. Cult ri'lif
M4 (f<-nluR In
li' <nll4 Vm- The Liturgy or adoptable and geniTnlly ndoptt^l net ef adorable (ii-<l6r'a-bl), a. [< ]'. adorable, < Ij.
.. Ul., 111.1^2. prvem. Cartylf, l'at and I'reseut, II. n II ad(>raliilis,iador(irr,a(\oTo: soeadon-i.] 1. Pe-
 ) ; ; ) ; : ::

adorable adorsed
manding adoration; worthy of being adored; four times repeated the first two adorations take place
;
ornate.] To beautify or decorate increase
1.
in the conclave itself, the third in the .Sistine chapel, and ;
worthy of divine honors. the fourth in St. I'eter's, where the homage of the people or lend beauty or attractiveness to, as by dress
Tiiere are those who have treated the history of Abra- U received. or ornaments hence, in general, to render
;
ham as all astrouomical record, and have spoken of om- oHnrafrti'tr aaoraiory /.. <trv.'.i fA r^\
pleasing, or moro pleasing or attractive; em-
adomhle Saviour as the sun in Aries. ...
(;i-Uor a-to-n):
...
_ ,, . pi. adoratories ;

J. II. Ncuuitati, Gram, of Assent, p. 364. (-riz). [<ML. adoratormm, e.xplained as "an bellish.

Worthy of the utmost love or admiration: as,

xuidergi'ound place where the Indians sacrifice A bride adorneth herself with her jewels. Isa. Ixi. 10.
2.
to tlieir gods and dojiai'tcd iiiii'cslors," < L. (<- Virtue adorn'd his mind, triumph his brow.
she is an adorable creature an adorable statue. ;

When lie (tlie pope] toueheil, as lie did briefly, on the

Yv,-, adore : see (c/orr' .inil K17//0/7/.] A jilace Furd, Fame's Memorial.
of worship ; especially, a pagan temple or place He left the name at which the world grew pale,
niisfi>rtunes of the ehurch, an aflin-al/ti' lire came into his To point a moral, or adorn a tale.
eyes. 'i\ B. Aldru-h, Ponkapog to Pesth, p. 114. of sacrifice. [Rare.] Johnson, Van. of Hum. Wislies, 1. 222.
adorableness (a-dor'a-bl-ncs), . The quality adorel (a-dor'), v. ; pret. and pp. adored, ppr.
2. To display the beauty or excellence of: as,
of being adorable, or worthy of adoration. adurinf). [< ME. adouren, < OF. adourer, adorer
to " adorti the doctrine of God," Tit. ii. 10.
(earlier ME. aoiiren, < OF. aoiirer, aiirer, aiirer),
adorably (a-dor'a-bli), adv. In a manner wor- = Syn. Adorn, Ornanifnt, Decorate, Embellixh, Beauli/i/
thy of adoration. mod. F. adi)rer=l'i: Sp. Pg. udorar = It. adorare, DeclCj Arraij. grace, garnish, bedeck, set oH'. (See decorate.)

+ adore, < L. atlorarc, speak to, adih'ess, beseech, The Italicized words, except dtcic and array, are expressive
adoral (ad-6'ral), a. [< L. ad, to, as (or-),
mouth, +
-0?; after rtio'?.] hi ::ool., situated pray to, adore, worship, < ad, to, + orare, s])cak, of the attempt to adil or increase beauty. Adorn has the
most iioljlencss and spirituality; it Ls the least external.
at or near tho mouth ; being relatively toward pray, < os (or-), tho mouth see oral.'] I. traii.t. :
loiiiii, nt^i that adorn a woman seem a part of her person-
the mouth : the opposite of aboral. 1. To worship; pay stipreme reverence to; ad- ality anil biingout her comeliness many virtues adorn his ;

dress in jjrayer and thanksgiving pay iliviue character the hall was adorned with the portraits of their
They [Ilaltericel have a spiral adoral wreath of cilia for ;
;

ancestors. In these examjdes, no other word in the list

swinnning. Stand. Nat. Hut., I. 43. honors to honor as divine.
;
IS hnjli enough or near enough t(j take the place of adorn.
The object of the unique, one-sided arrangement of the Bishops and priests . . Ijearing the host, which he IJrifiiiiff'nt iind decorate express the addition of
puliliely <idon;l.
.
something
adoral cilia is to direct food-particles to the mouth. Smollett, Hist. Eng., an. 1689. e.\triii;[|, which Still preserves its separate
character and
Ainer. Jour, of ScL, 3d ser., X-\IX. 328. (.'od shall 1)0 all in all. But, all ye gods. may peiliap.s be easily removed. Ornament, as kindred
Adore him, who to compass all this dies to arliirn, is nearer to its meaning decorate expresses that
adorally (ad-6'ral-i), ado. Toward or in the Adore the Son, and honour him as me. which is more showy: ornaniented with pictures; the
;

direction of the mouth. bare walls were decorated lor the occasion witli flags and
Milton, P. L., iii. 342.
adoration (ad-o-ra'shon), n. [< P. adoration, < wreaths. Both express the adding of beauty to that
2. To honor and regard in a very high degree which was deficient in it before. Hinliellish implies pre-
L. adoratio{n-), < adorare : see adore^.J 1. The ;
regard with the utmost esteem, love, and re- vious beauty, to which luster or brilliancy is added by
act of ])aying honor.s, as to a divine being wor- ;
something which perhaps becomes a part of the original
spect.
ship addressed to a deity the supreme worship ; as, a book embellished with plates; a style embelUthed
due to God alone. [.Sometimes used specifically of The people appear adoring their prince. Tatler, No. 57. with figures of speech. The word is sometimes used of
words addressed to the Deity expressive of a sense of his Thus, Madam, in the midst of crowds, you reign in soli- over-ornamentation. Beautify is the most direct in its
inflnite holiness and perfection.] In the Mont. Catlt. Ch., tude; and are adored witli tlje deepest vener.atiim, that of expression of the general idea. Of the first five words,
adorat'ujn is applied to any one of three kinds of worship silence. Ilrioleii, Ded. of State of Innocence. decorate is the least often used figuratively decorated ;

(tliouyliproperly only to the tirst), namely /afrm, or wor-
ship due to l.iod alone; dulin, or the secondary worship paid
to aTigels and saints directly, or through the veneration of
relies and images; and hyperdulia, the higher worship
paid to the Virgin Mary. The saints and the Virgin are
adored as the frieuds of God, having intercessory power
with him.
Lowly reverent
Towards either throne they bow, and to the ground
With solemn adoration down they cast
: When he who adores thee has left but the name speech is speech in whicli the ornaments have no vital
Of liis faults and his follies behind. Moore, Irish Mel. connection or harmony with the thought, so that they seem
merely ornamental. Deck is to cover, and hence to cover
= SyB. -b/uiv, Worsliip. Ri-envm-e, Veiienil,', Iterere. idol-
in a way to please the eye
ize, iK-iiy, pay hniiiiii:. t.i. ,-lr(n;vaiid ivorsliiii. when ijotap-
as, {ii^c/ov/ with flowers.
: Array
is used especially of covering with siilendiil dress, the
plied e.Mliisively to tied or g.jds, are manifestly Iiypeilioli-
meaning being extended from persons to animals, etc.
eal : as, he inn-xlu'jn-d the ground she trod on. The others
the fields were arrayed in green.
seem literal when ajiplieii to men, places, or things.
Adore and vorsliiji are applied primarily to acts and But that which fairest is, but few behold,
Her mind adornd with vertues manifold.
words of h( image the others are not. None of them
;

primarily includes the idea of intercessory prayer. Adore Spenser, Sonnets, 3cv.
Their crowus. il/i7((m, P. L., iil. 351.
Knowledge is the Are of adoration, adoration is the gate
is the noblest of the words. To tmrship is to pay homage A whimsical fashion now
the ladies,prevailed among
of knowledge. Bushnelt, Sermons for Kew Life, p. 163.
by outward forms or in eustom.ary places: man of "A of strangely ornamenting their faces with abundance of
Ethiopia . . . had come to Jerusalem for to n'Orskip." black patches cut into gi-otesque forms.
They [Indians] perform their adorations and conjura- Acts viii. 27. In the Bible worship is used to express also I. D Israeli, Curios, of Lit., I. 311.
tions in the general language before spoken of, as the extreme numifestations of respect paid to men "As :
Ivy climbs the crumbling hall
Catholics of all nations do their mass in the Latin. Peter w,as comin;^ i)i. I'nrnelius met him, and fell down
To decorate decay. Bailey, Eestus.
Bemrh'y, Virginia, iii. ^ 31. at his feet, ami icurshijqied him." Acts x. 25. Reverence
Homage, or an act is upon a plane a little different from that of venerate, We are to dignify to each other tlie daily needs and of-
2. of homage, paid to one in ** fices of man's life, and embellish it by courage, wisdom,
there lieing sometimes more fear suggested by the former
high place or held in high esteem; profound and more sacredness by the latter. We should reverence and unity. Emerson, Friendship.
reverence; the utmost respect, regard, or es- position, ability, and character; we should venerate old Nature has laid out all her art in beautifying the face.
teem ; the highest degi'eo of love, as of a man age. Revere ditfers from reveretwe chiefly in suggesting Addison, Spectator, Xo. 98.
for a woman ; heart's devotion. rather less solemnity or awe.
with new life from sun ami kindly showers,
-\nd,
How It [worship] is also an act of the will, whereby the soul With beauty deck the meadow and the hill.
Oli. does he love me? adores and reverences his majesty. We must worship Jones Very, Poems, p. 90.
Vio. With adorations, with fertile tears.
. . .

With groans that thunder love, with God imderstandingly ; it is not else a reasonable service. Even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one
sighs of ftre.
Charnock, Attributes. of these lliliesl. 'jlat. vi. 29.
Shale., T. N., i. 5.
Fall down and dy before her
3. In art andarchceol. (a) representation of
: A So dying live, and living do adore her. adornt (a-dom'), }(. [=It. Sp. adorno, oma-
the adoration of the infant Jesus by the magi or Spenser, Sonnets, xiv. ment from the verb.] Ornament.
the shepherds. (6) I love Quaker ways and Quaker worship, X venerate the Her brest all naked, as nett yvory
A representation Quaker principles. Lamb, Elia. Without adorne of gold or silver bright.
of the worship of A foolisii woild is prone to laugh in public at what in Spenser, . Q., III. xii. 20.
private it rrirry.i as one of the highest impulses of our na- adomt [< It. adorno, short foi-m of
(a-dorn'), a.
an ancient divin- ture namely, love. Lony/etlow, Hyperion, iii. S. ~ " -

ity, of the deified

;
ad<jrnato{=Sp. Pg. adornado), pp. of adornare,
dead, or of a king
II. intrans. To perform an act of worship; < L. adornare : see adornatc, adorn, v.] Adorn-
bo filledwith adoration, reverence, or reveren- ed decorated.
or an emperor. ;

tial admiration. Made so adorn for thy delight. Milton, P. L., viii. 576.
In Latin, adoratio.
Ifthe stars should appear one night in a thousand years,
Such representations adornatet (a-d6r'nat), V. t. [< L. adornatus, pp.
are common in Greek
how would men believe and adore! Emerson, Nature.
of adornare : see adorn, v.] To adorn.
vase-paintings and fu- Litanies, chanted day and night by adoring hearts.
neral sculptures, and De Quincey, Secret To adornate gardens with the fairuesse thereof.
Societies, i.

in Romati Frampton, p. 33.

reliefs and
medals. The ancient adore^t (a-dor'), ' ''
adornationt (ad-6r-na'shon), n. [< L. as if
adoration is usually ado',- perhaps only in the wr.^oooc,,
fi\j'^^hj?l7?,f*'"/n
two ^r
passages quoted.] *adornatio{n-), < adornare, pp. adornatus: see
characterized by the
An ancient Ad.tratinn. of Ephe-
To gild adorn. ;
adorn, v.] Ornament.
gesture of raising tlje sus strucl* under Macriniis;Coin
British Mu- Like to the here
right hand, particu- seum. (Size of the original. Congealed litle drops which doe the morne adore. Memory is the soul's treasury, and thence she hath her
larly with the thumb Spenser, F. Q., IV. .xi. 46.
garments of adornation.
laid on the first finger
^- though it is sometimes exhibited, Wits' Commonwealth , p. 81.
,
Armlets for great queens to adore.
chiefly in Oriental examples, in a prostrate position.
Fletcher and Massin<ier,mder Brother, iv. 3. (.V. E. D. adorner (a-d6r'ner), n. One who adorns.
4. Amethod of electing a pope. See extract. Ornament; decora-
The third way of creating P.ipes is by Adoration, which adorementt (a-dor'ment), )!. Adoration wor- adorning (a-dor'uing),
;
n.
tion.
is perform'd in this maimer That Cardinal who ship.
:
. . .
'Whose adorning let it not he that outward adorning of
desires to favour any other t'ardiuid puts himself Adnrewent of eats
Ado,enu!M lizards and beetles
cats, luiaras Deeti^.
before him in the Chappel, and tiiakrs liini a low Itivir-
. . .

ail i.nroum uig trr.,

plaiting the hair, and of wearing of gold, or of putting on
1. j. ^,,.
..,j,,,,.g, j ^^^ jjj^ ^
ence and when it falls out that two iiiii.is of the Caicli-
;

nals do the same, the Pope is then nii.lcist tobc created.

adorer (a-dor'er), H. [< odorel + -erl.] One adorningly (a-dor'ning-U), acii;. By adorning;
G. //., tr. of Hist. Cardinals, 111. 28U.
I

(iV. E. D.)
who adores, {a) One who worships or honors as divine, in an adomiug manner
One who esteems or respects highly; a lover; an ad-
Adoration of the blessed sacrament, in the iJom.
(6)
adornment {.a-m-n'xn^t), n. [< ME. adonrn-
Vnth. Ch.. supreme worsliip (latria) paiil to the eucharist. ment, < OF. adournement, adornement (earlier
"Catholics pay to the eucharist wherever it maybe I profess myself her adorer, not her friend.
.

present that supreme worship which is due to God alone."

. .
Shak., Cymbeline, i. 5. ME. amtrnemeiil, aornemcnt, < OF. aournement),
Calh. Diit. (1884), p. 321. Religious communities of wo- [Verbal n. of nrforcl.] mod. . adornement : see adorn axid -ment.] An
men for the perpetual adoration of tlo' hi,-^^.d snerament adoring (a-dor'ing). m.
An act of adoration, or one of homage paid by adorning; that which adorns ; ornament.
have been founded at various times, tin- tirst ),y Anne
I will write all down
of Austria, mother of Louis XIV. Adoration
of the a lover. Such and such pictures There the window: .Such
cross, mthe Rom. Cath. Ch., th.at part of the service on And soft adorings from their loves receive. The adornnornt of her bed.
:

Shak., Cymbeline, ii. 2.

Gooil Friday, following the pr.ayers, in which the cross is Keats, Eve of St. Agnes, vi.
expipsed to view and "adored" by clergy and people. adorsed (a-dorsf), [Also -nritten ad-
p. a.
Adoration of the host, in the celebration of the mass adoringly (a-dor'iug-li), adv. With adoration dorsed, a restored form of adosscd,
the silent w.,rsliip \kM by the congregation, kneeling, at
tiw elevation of tjie host. See /....vf a. -Adoration
adom (n-dorn'), V. t. 1<.M'E. adornen. adoitmen, addossed, < F. adossc. pp. of adosser,
of the < OF. adornir, adourner (earlier ME. aourncn, set back to back (< , to, dos, +
pope, a mark of homage naid to ttn' iiunr imni.-iliiti-Iv / .n . \ i t-,
after 'his election, by kissing the goi'i".,, Ii.ls. !! ti,,.s!iH'l'.l 0''^"' < *",' (I'mrnfr, aurner, aorner), mod. F. < L. dorsum, the back), -f- -ed^.]
=
'

Worn on his right foot. Cardinals also kiss his right hand adorner = Sj). Pg. adornar It. adornare, < L. Placed back to back, in her., applied
Two Dolphins
receiring in return the kiss of peace. The ceremony is adornare, < ad, to, + ornare, deck, beautify see : Adorsed. to any two animals, birds, fishes, or other
G
 ;

82 adrostral
adoTsed
bearings placed back to back opposed to affrmvti.
Equiv- ; adragantllin(ad-ra-gan'thin), )i. l<adragant{h) adrift {li-daiit'), prep. phr. as adv. or a. [< a
alent forms are addorsed, adosetd, adossf,
adoSBie, and in- -t- -ill-.] A name given to purified gum traga- -h drift.'] 1. Floating at random; not fastened
dorsed. , , 1 ^ ry -T eanth. See bassorin. by any kind of moorings at the mercy of winds ;

adoSCUlation (ad-os-ku-la'shon), n [< L. a^ A

half silk and half
stuff, and currents.
kiss, < ad, to, -i-
adras (a-dras'), .
if adosculatio(n-), < adosculan, cotton, woven in central Asia, having a gloss,
Trees adr(ft
osculari, kiss : see osculate.'^ 1. In physiol.. un- Down the great river. Milton, P. L., xi. 832.
and usuailv striped. The gloss is heightened by
pregnation bv estemal contact merely, as in .So on the sea she shall be set adrift,
beating with a broad, Hat wooden instrument. E. Scliuy-
And who relieves her dies.
most fishes, and not by intromission. 2 In l.-r. Turkistan, I. 5. Dryden, Marriage k la Mode, iii.
hot: (a) The impregnation of plants by the fall- adread^t (a-dred'), r. [< ME. adreden (pret.
on the pistils. (*) The inser- adredde, adra'dde, adred, adrad, pp. adred, adrad, Hence 2. Figuratively, swayed by any chance
ing of the pollen
tion of one part of a plant into another. [Rare.] adreddc. adraddc),< AS. ddradan, reduced form impulse aU abroad at a loss. ; ;

(a-dos-a'), a. [F., pp. of ados- of anddr(edun,nndriidan,ondr(sdan (=0S. *and- Frequent reflection will keep their minds from running
adoss6, adossee
ser see adorsed.']
:
In her., same as adorsed. drddan, antdrddan, andrddan OJlG. iiitrdtmi), adnyt. =
Loclce, Education.

To turn adrift, to unmoor set drifting hence, flgura-

adossed (a-dosf). a. In her., same as adorsed. tr. and iutr., di-ead, fear, refl. fear, be afraid, < lively, to turn away, dismiss, or discharge, as from home,
; ;

adowma-doim'). adi: {orig.prep.phr.)and2)rep. and-, an-. oii-(E. -5) + *dradan (only ineomp.), employment, etc. throw upon the world. ;

[<ilE. iidoun. adiin, adouiie, adune, odune, < AS. dread. Mixed in ME. and later ^-ith adread^, Great multitudes who had been employed in the wooUeik
adiine, adv. and (rarely) prep., orig. prep, phi-., q. v.] I, trans. To dread; fear greatly. manufactories, or in the mines, were lurn^d adrift.
of dune, down, downward, Ut. o_f the down or The pes is sauf. tlie werre is ever adrad. Lecky, Eng. in ISth Cent. i. ,

hill: of, prep., off, from; diote, dat. of dfin,

I'ul. Poems and Sonys, II. 6. (X E. D.)
adrip (a-di-ip'). JJrep. phr. as adv. or a. [< a^ +
down: see down^. n. The adv. and prep, down n. intrans. or refl. To fear; be afraid. drip.] Li a dripping state. D. G. Mitehell.
is a short form of adown.l I. adv. From a Ganhiu-din seighe that sight, adrogate (ad'ro-gat), r. t. pret. and pp. adro- ;

higher to a lower part ; downward ; down ; to And sore him gan adrcde.
gated, pi)r. adr'ogating. [< L. adrogatns. p]). of
Sir Tristiem, 1. 288. (A'. E. D.)
or on the ground. adrogare. later arrogarc. take a homo siii juris (a
Spemer, Y. Q., I. vii. 24. adread^t (a-dred'), v. t. [< ME. adreden, ofdre-
person not under the power of his father) in
Thrise did she sinke admme.
den,< AS." ofdrwdan, make afraid, terrify. < nf- the place of a child, adopt, < ad, to, rogare, +
Of braided blooms unmown. wliich crept
Adoicn to where the water slept. (E. a--*) '(Iriedan, dread. Hence p. a. adread'^,
ask.+ The same word in other senses gave rise
Tennymn, Recol. of Ar. Xights, st. 3. q. V. Mixed in ME. and later with adread^, arrogate, v. See adrogation.] To adopt to q.
n. prep. 1. From a higher to a lower situa- q. v.] To make afraid; terrify. by adrogation.
With these they adrad. and gasten, sencelesse old wo- of Cicero, was adrogated into a ple-
tion ; down : implying descent.
Harauft, Pop. Impost., p. 135. (X. E. D.)
Clodius, tile enemy
Dryden. men. beian family. Smitli, Diet. Antiq., p. \ii.
Adotcn her shoulders her length of hair. fell
adread^t (a-dred'), jj. a. [< ME. adred, adrad. adrogation (ad-ro-ga'shon), n. [< L. adroga-
Star after star looked palelv in and sank adowii the sky. ,j_ _.i..,7j. .j-,j
.,7j ofdrad,
Whiltier, C^ssalulla Southwick.
,
adredde, ailradde, earlier ofdred, 1
pp. of tio(ii-). \iitcv arro'gatio(n-),< adrogare: see ad-
adreden, ofdreden, E. adread^, v., make afraid: ragnte.] A
kind of adoption in ancient Rome,
2. From top to bottom of; along the length
aU along. see adrend-, r.] Affected by dread. by which a person legally capable of choosing
of ; downward ;
Thinking to make all men adread. for himself was admitted into the relation of
Full well 'tis k-nown adown the dale, .'Sir P. .'Sidney, Arcadia (1622), p. 120.
Tho' passing strange indeed the tale. son to another by a vote of the people in the
Percy's Rdiques, I. iii. 14. adreamed, adreamt (a-dremd', a-dremt'), p. t'oniitia Curiata, or in later times by a rescript

Adoxa [NL., < Gr. arfofof, with-

(a-dok'sii), n.
a. l<.a- + dream +-ixft. The formation is im- of the emperor so called from the questions :

usual, and the prefix is imcertain, prob. --, Also written atrogation.
out glory, <a-pnv. + (5o;a, glory: seedoxologij.'] ]iut to the parties.
the suffix -frf2 being u^ed, as sometimes in other adrogator(ad'io-ga-tor), h. [h.,< adrogare : see
A genus' of plants, of the natural order Capri- instances, for the suffix -iiif/l. To he adreamed drogate and arrogate.]^ One who at'" adrogates. ,
foliaceie. The only species, A. .Voschatellina OioHow-
,

inconspicuous plant, 4 or 6 inches higli,

root), is a little
would thus be equiv. to to lie a-dreaming.] adroit (a-droif), d. [< F. rt(/n-i7, de.xterous, < (^
found in woods and moist shady places in the cooler re- In the state of dreaming To be adreamed or droit, right, rightly: it, to, toward; droit, right,
gions of the northern hemisphere. Tlie pale-green flowers adreamt (the only form of its use). (at) To dream. < ML. ilrictum, prop, direetum, right, justice,
have a musky smell, whence its common name of mos- adrcamd of a dry summer.
Ilec is
neut. of direetus, riglit see direet. Cf. mal- :
chatel. Withals, Diet. (l,sr,e). (X E. D.)
adroit.] Dexterous skilful expert in the use ;
adoze (a-doz'), prep. phr. as adv. or a. [< 3, I irag a-dreavi'd 1 overheard a ghost.
;

prep., d(i:e.^ +In a doze or dozing state. Fielding, Pasquin, iv. 1. (X E. D.) of the hand, and lieuce of the mind ; ingenious
adpao (ad'pou), n. [E. Ind., < ad. dd {cerebral (b) To doze be between sleeping and waking. (Prov.
; ready in invention or execution; possessing
d) =
Hind, ar, dr, a prefi.x implying de\-iatiou Eng. J
llaltiwclt. readiness of resource.
or inferiority, +
Hind., etc., paiiwd, pdo, a adrectal (ad-rek'tal), a. [< ad- reetum.] + You may break every command of the decalogue with
Situated at or by tlie rectum: specifically ap- perfect good-breeding nay, if you are adroit, without
quarter, a weight, the quarter of a ser.] An
:

plied to the purpuriparous gland or pm-ple- losing caste. Lowell, Study Windows, p. (iS.
East Indian weight, equal in some places to a Syn. Cunnio'i. Art fid. Sty. etc. Seecunningi. Adroit,
glaud of mollusks.
little less, and in others to a little more, than Ilexleroli.1. Expert. Sk-il/ol, Cterer, smart, handy, apt,qilick,
The luesencc of glandular plication of the surface of
4 lbs. avoirdupois. the niantU -llap and an adrectal gland (purple-gland) are subtle. The lll'st four words express primarily various de-
ad patres (ad pa'trez). [L. : ad, to; patre.% frequently c.liserved. Encyc. Brit., XVI. 648. grees in the combination of manual facility with know-
= ledge. Adroit and dexteroujt make prnlninent the idea of
ace. pi. of pater E. father.'] Literally, to the (ad ref-e-ren'dum). [L. ad,
ad referendum : a trained hand as, an adroit pickpocket; a rfi'j(crmi. con-
:

fathers ; gathered to one's fathers, that is. dead.
adpress (ad-pres'), r. t. [< L. adjircsiius.m. of
adiniinere, < ad, to, jiremerc, press.] To lay
flat ; press closely (to or together).
to; referendum,gerund of rrferre : see refer.] jurer, swordsman. Adroiiofss implies quickness or sud-
To be referred to be held over for further denness; dexterity m;iy icquirc su>taiiied agility. Adroit
+ consideration.
;
tends toward sinister llgvirativc meanings: as, an adroit
rtigue luit mental adroitness may be simply address or
;

ad rem (ad rem). [L. ad, to; rem, ace. of : tact. Expert emphasizes experience, practice, and hence
Birds when frightened, as a general rule, closely ad- res, thing, matter, ease, point, fact: see res.] is coininonly a lower word than stnlful, which makes
prMj all tlicir feathers. Darwin, Express, of Eiuot., p. 100. knowUdge liie inincipal thing: a slil.l'ul mechanic makes,
To the point or purpose; pertinently to tho more use ot his mind than an expert iiiechaiiic. (Vci'cr im-
A most artfully coloured spider lying on its liack, with matter in liand; to the question under consid- lilies iiotiilile quickness, readiness, resource In practical
Its feelcn.s3ed over and closely adprftiticA to its body.
//. O. Fort}e, Eastern Archipelago, p. 04.
eration; practically, considering the peculiar- alfairs, and sometimes the lack of the larger jiowers of
ities of the special case. mind a elerer mechanic has fertility ill plaliliillg and skill
:

adpressed (ad-presf), p. a. In 6"/., growing inexecuting what is planned. A elerer statesnian may or
Your statements of practical dllTlculty are indeed much may not be an able one a man may bo clever in evil.
liarallcl to anrl in contact with the stem, with- more ad rem tliall my mere assert iciris of )irinciplc.
;

Daily Tclcgrapll, Sept. 1806. Why,says Plato, if he be manually so adroit, likely ho

out nilhi-ring to it, as leaves or branches. Also Ituslcin, T,
will turn pickpocket. .S". Lanier, The Eng. Novel, p. 117.
written appn.s.'^ed. adrenal (ad-re'nal), n. [< L. ad, to, -I- ren, only
The dexteroun management of terms, and being able ti>
adpromissor (ad-pro-rais'or), n. [L., < adpro- in pi. renes, kidney: see renal.] In anat., a fend and jirove with them, jiasscs for a great part of
vutttri, |iroiiiiHf in addition to, ind, to, pro- + su]irareiuil ea]isule"; one of a pair of snuill learning. Locke.
mittcrc, prutuise : seo promi.ie.^ In Rom. law, glandular nr follicidar but ductless Imdies, of His only books were an almanac and an aritbinctic, in
n surety for anotlier ; security ; bail. unknown luiietion, capping tlie ItiiUicys in which last he was considerably extiert.
Walden.
ad quod damnum
(ad kwod dam'num). [L., mammals and most other vertebrates. Also riioreau, p. 1(11.

to wliiit iliiiiiaxe: r/, to; f]iiod=K.what; dam-
num, damage.] In /ir, the lillo of a writ (1)
ordering the Hherifl to inquire wlmt damage
will result from the grant by the erown of cer-
tain UliertieH, lis a fair or market, n liighway.
etc.; (2) ordering the BHsessment rd' the com- Adrian (a'dri-an). a.
penHfttion and dumageH to bo paid when private
property in takr-n for public use.
called atraliiliitrij eapsule. In man the adrenals arc Thus, like n nkUM chess-player, by little and little ho
draws out his men, and makes his pawns of use to his
an inch or two long', less in width, ami about a fourth of Dryden, Dram. Poesy.
greater jiersoiis.
an inch thick, and consist essentially of an outer yellowish
cortlc'al portion, an Inner mcilullary portion (of very dark Hut the names <if the clever men who invented canoes
and bows and arrows are iw utterly unknown to tradition
color, whence the term atrablliary). with v< ssels, nerves etc.
as the names of the earliest myth-makers.
S<:r Aililimn'iidiieaiie.nntlordiiieiiiie. .See cut under *ii/h<')/.
./. Pinkc, Evolutionist, p. 204.
[< L. Adrianus, prop,
lliidriiuius, Adrmtie.] Same as .tdriatic. adroitly (a-ilroit'li), ndr. In an adroit manner;
Adrianite (a'llri-an-it), 71. [< MI>. Jdrianitir. witli ilexterity readil.v; sUilfnlly. ;

Uradt (ii-drnd'), /). a. Harae ns adrcad"^, p. a. <.1j. Ailrianu.i.preiii. lliiilrianus.] 1. A member He Il'.udmlindl turned bis new conquest adroitly to ac-
I WM the IcM adrad of a supposerl Gnostic seliool of liereties men- count by using It to bind (o binisell llie most dangerous
If wlial ,lcht r.ime.
I

" ',,,,. .W..rri, Earthly Pnradlw, I. 13.

tioned bv Theodoret. 2. )ne of a sect of Ann
among Ills foes.

./, A'. (;ririi, Coiiq. of Eng., p. 2(i.
<

Tlie (juality of be
baptists' in the sixteenth century, fulhiwers nf adroitness (a-dniit'iies). n.
ftdradlal n ,;. I
[< h. ad, to, near, +
' l .
Adrian HainMtcdius, who lield, among otiier iiig nilroil, dexterity; readiness in the use of ;

ilwated near a rny. A tilings, that .lesUH (.'hrist was formed aolely from the hands or of the mental fneulties.
rii'i
tT' ..rtain |iroceMt'i or tn.
\M. ..-.,. II... .1. ^. .1.1, .11. ..r

llie siibslaiiee of his mother.

.

I.
Also .idriiinisl.
t
.sir .loliii Hlaqnlre had some delmlliig power and great
skill and adroitncnH In inaiiagliig men.
Adrianople red. See red. I.eeky, Kllg. In 18tll Cent., xvl.
It' Adriatic (n-<lri-at'il<), n. [< L. /lrfHn<irM, prop.
adr.ii: y .,,, ,,,. li 111 loll.xlilll ILi.lnotiriis, < Uiidriii (now Adria), a town lie- adroop (a-drBi)'), prejK phr. as adr. [< n^ +
itifiriT.i r. Iween niouths of the I'o anil the Ailige,
tlie droiip.] In a droojiing position. ./. I). Long,
ftdragant (ad'n^-Knnt ). n. [< V. adragant (=Bp. after wliioh the Hen was named.) Appellative -Eneid, xi. 1128.
tulriujantr. It. a I'omipt form <if
iidniifinili), iif llie Mill I'liHt of of Italy (the adrostral (nil-ros'trun, a.
(lie |ieniiisiila [< Ij. ad, to, at, +
trn^amnlhr : tu-o tnigncanth.] An old name of Ailriatie Ken); purtuiuiug to thai Buu: uh, the rostrum, beak. J In :oiil., ]iertaiuiug to or situ-
gnm trm({acanth. Adriatic coast. ated :il he beak or snout. I
 ;

adry 83 adulteration
adry {a-in'), a. [<a-4 + prob. in imita-
tlry ; stipulate.] In law, an accessory party to a prom- party and voted with the Conservatives when
tion of athirst, q. v.] In a dry condition; ise, who has received the same promise as his Earl Russell and Mr. Gladstone introduced a
thirsty. principal did, and can equally receive and ex- measure for the extension of the elective fran-
[>()tli u luan that is adry desire to drink in gold ? act payment. chise in 1866. They received the nam.t from their be-
Burton, Anat. of Mel,, p. 355.
adstrictt, adstrictiont, adstringentt, etc. See ing likened b]^ Mr. Bright to the discontented persons who
adscendent (ad -sen 'dent), a. [< L. adsccn- astrict, etc. took refuge with David in the cave of Adullam (1 Sam. xxii.
den(t-)s, a!n-enden{t-)s : aee ascendent.] Ascend- 1, 2). The party was also known collectively as the Cam.
adsum (ad'sum). [L., 1st pers. sing. pres. ind.
The Conservative party then presented a tolerably solid
ing. Imp. Diet. of uite.ssc, to < ad, to, + esse, be
bo present, see ;
front against the extension of the suffrage, and received
adscite (ad'sit), a. [< L. adscitm, derived: see essence.] I am
present; present; here: used besides a large reinforcement of Adullumites from the
below.] In cntom., pertaining to the Braconidm, in some colleges and schools by students as an Liberal side. New York Times, July ly, 1884,
or Ickncumnnes adsciti. answer to a roU-eall. adult (a-dulf), a. and n. [< L. adultus, grown
Adsciti (ad'si-ti), n.j)!. [NL., pi. of L. adscitus, adsurgent (ad-srr'jcnt), a. Same as assurgcnt. up, pp. of adolcsccrc, grow up see adolescent.] :

derived, assumed, foreign: see adscititious.] adterminal, atterminal (ad-, a-ter'mi-nai), a. 1. a. 1. Having arrived at mature years, or at-
A group of icbneumou-nies which have only [< L. ad, to, -f terminus, end, -f -al.] Moving tained full size and strength: as, an adult per-
one recurrent nervure in the fore wing instead toward tlie end an epithet applied to electrical son, animal, or plant.
:

of two. It corresponds to the modern family currents passing in a muscular fiber toward its The elaborate reasonings of the adult man.
Uriiroiiida: (which see). extremities. //. Spencer, Prin. of Psychol.
adscititious (ad-si-tish'us), a. [<L. as if *ad- adubt (a-dub'), V. t. [< ME. adubben, adoubeu, 2. Pertaining or relating to adults ; suitable
scititius, < adscitus, derived, assumed, foreign, < OF. uduhber, aduber, adouber, equip a knight, for an adult : as, adult age ; an adult school.
pp. of adsciscere, later asciscere, take knowingly an'ay, < a, to, +
duber, douber, dub: see dub'^.] II. n. A
person or (sometimes) an animal
to one's self, appropriate, assume, adopt, < ad,
to. + sciscere, seek to know, < .scire, know see
1. To knight; dub as a knight. 2. To equip; grown to full size and strength ; one who has
: array accoutre.
; reached the age of manhood or womanhood.
science.'] Added or derived from without not ;
adularia (ad-u-la'ri-a), n. \y(Li.,<. Adula, a Embryos and adults of common ami curious forms are
intrinsic or essential supplemental ; additional.
; mountain gfoiip in the Grisons Alps, formerly constantly met with, thus furnishing material both for
Also written ascititious. confounded with St. Gotthard, where fine speci- general work and original investigation. Science, V, 212.
Tlie fourtli epistle on liappiness may be thouglit adsci- mens are foimd.] A variety of the common adultedf (a-dul'ted), a. Completely grown.
titiotcs, and out of its proper place.
potash feldspar orthoclase, occurring in highly Now th.at we are not only adulted but ancient Chris- _
J. Warton, Essay on Pope. tians, I believe the most acceptable sacrifice we can send
lustrous transparent or translucent ci-ystals.
The first 8 of the tense-sign sis is an adscititious sibilant up to heaven is prayer and praise.
added to the root. Am. Jour, of Philol., VI. 280. It often exhibits a delicate opalescent play of
Howell, Letters, I. vi. 32.
colors, and is then called moonstone (which see).
adscititiously (ad-si-tish'us-li), adv. In an ad- adultert (a-dul't^r), . [L., an adulterer, a
scititious manner. Fine specimens are obtained from various lo- counterfeiter, adulter, adj., adulterous; forma-
calities in the Alps.
adscript (ad'skript), a. and n. [< L. adscriptus, tion imcertain, perhaps < ad, to, -I- (dter, other,
pp. of adscribcre, later ascrihere, enroll, < ad, to,
adulate (ad'u-lat),u. t. ; pret. and pp. adulated, different. In mod. E. adulter, adulterer, etc.,
+ ppr. adula'ting. [< L. adulatus, pp. of adulari, have been substituted for the older avouter, ail-
scriberej write see ascribe.]
: I.a.l. Written
after, as distinguished fi-om subscript, or written
flatter, fawn upon as a dog, < ad, to, *u.lari, a + vouter, etc. : see advouter, etc.] An adulterer.
under: as, in Greek grammar, an iota (;) ad- word of undetermined origin, not found in the We receive into our mass open sinners, the covetous,
script.
2. Attached to the soil, as a slave or
simple form ; according to some, < *iila 6r. = the extortioners, the adulter, the back-biter.
ovpa, a tail, adulari meaning then 'wag the tail Tyndale, Expos. 1 John.
feudal serf. See adscriptus glebw.
II. H. A
serf attached to an estate and
at,' as a dog.] To show feigned devotion to ; adulter! (a-dul'ter), v. [< L. adulterare, com-
flatter servilely. mit adultery: see adulterate, v.] I. intrans.
transferable with it.
adscripted (ad-skrip'ted), a. Same as adscript.
It is not that I adulate the people To commit adultery. B. Jonson, Epigrams.
Without me there are demagogues enough.
adscription (ad-skrip'shon), n. [< L. adscrip- II. trans. To pollute; adulterate: as, "nrf;(f-
Byron, Don Juan, ix. 25,
tio(n-), later ascriptio(n-), >E. ascription, q. v.] tering spots," Marston, Scourge of Villainy, ii.
Love shall he, but not adulate
1. Same as ascription.
2. Attachment to the The all-fair, the all-embracing Fate. adulterant (a-dul'ter -ant), a. and n. [< L.
soil, or as a feudal inferior to a superior or Emerson, Woodnotes, ii. adulteran(t-)s, ppr. of adulterare : see adulter-
overlord. adulation (ad-u-la'shon), n. [< F. adulation, < ate, v.] I. a. Adulterating ; used in adulter-
adscriptitious (ad-skrip-tish'us), a. [< L. ad- L. adulatio{n-), flattery, fawning, < adulari, flat- atiiig.
scripticius, ascripticius, enrolled, boimd, < ad- ter: see adulate.] Servile flattery; excessive IL n. substance used for adulterating. A
scriptus, ascriptus : see adscript.] Bound by or unmerited jiraise ; exaggerated compliment. adulterate (a-dul'ter-at), V. ; pret. and pp.
adscription. N. E. 1). Adulation pushed tu the verge, sometimes of nonsense, adulterated, ppr. adulterating. [< L. adultera-
and sonutiuKs of impiety, was not thought to disgrace a tus, pp. of adulterare, commit adultery, falsify,
adscriptive (ad-skrip'tiv), a. [< L. adscripti- poet. Macaulay.
vus, enrolled, adscript, < adscriptus : see ad- adulterate, < adulter, an adulterer, a counter-
.^nd there he set himself to play upon iier
script.] Held to service as attached to an es- With feiter: see adulter, n.] I. trans. 1. To debase
, amorous adulation, till the maid
, , ,

tate, and transferable with it, as a serf or slave. Rebelrd against it. or deteriorate by an admixture of foreign or
Many estates peopled with crown peasants have been Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine. baser materials or elements: as, to adulterate
ceded to particular individuals on condition of establishing = Syil. Adulation, Flattery, Compliment. These are vari- food, di-ugs, or coins; adulterated doctrines.
manufactories these peasants, called adscriptive, working
;
eties of praise. Adulation is servile and fulsome, pro-
The present war has . adulterated our tongue with
. .

at the manufactories on fixed terms. Brougham.
adscriptus glebae (ad-skrip'tus gle'be);
scrijjti (ilebw [L.
(-ti). adscriptus, adscript;
: son flattered its object is to gratify vanity, with or with-
glebte, gen. of gleba, glebe.] Belonging or at-
tached to the soil, as a serf, in Roman law this
term was applied to a class of slaves attached in per-
petuity to and transferred with tlic land they cultivated.
The same custom prevailed anmn^ all Jci-nianic and SlavicI
peoples, and has been but gradually abolished during the
ceeding either from a blind worship or from the hope of strange words. Spectator, No. 65.
advantage. It may not be, but generally is, addressed
pi. ad- directly to its object. Flattery is addressed to the per- 2t. To graft; give a hybrid character to.
; Excellent forms of grafting and adxilterating p\a.nts and
out a selfish ulterior object. It is generally praise iDeyond flowers. Peacttam, Exper. of Own Times.
justice. Compliment is milder, and may be expressive of the
truth ; it may be sincere and designed to encourage or to 3t. To defile by adultery.
express respect and esteem. We
may speak of a compli- To force a rape on virtue, and adulterate the chaste
ment, but not of an adulation ora flattery. Adulation of bosom of spotless simplicity. Ford, Line of Life.
= SyH. 1. To mix, degrade, corrupt, contaminate, vitiate,
the conqueror gross or delicate ^af^en/ of those in power
; ;

the language of compliment. In conduct, the correspon. alloy, sophisticate.

past three hundred years, down to the emancipation of
the Russian serfs in 1861.
dent to adulation is obsequiousness. Il.t intrans. To commit adulter}'.
Adulation ever follows the ambitious for such alone ; But Fortune, O
adsignification (ad-sig"ni-fi-ka'shon), n. [< receive most pleasure from fiattery.
! . . ,

.She adulterates hourly with thy uncle John.

ML. adsignijicatio(n-), < L. adsignificare, make Goldsmith, Vicar, iii. Shak., K, John, iii, 1.
evident: see adsignifi/.] The act of adsignify- i^Za^^ery corrupts both the receiver and the giver; and
ing a modification of meaning by a prefix or adulation is not of more service to the people than to
adulterate! (a-dul'tfr-at), a. [< L. adulteratus,
;

kings. Burke, Rev, in France. pp. see the verb.] 1. Tainted with adultery:
:
suffix; an additional signification. [Rare.]
Who flatters is of all mankind the lowest, as, "the adulterate Hastings," Shak:, Rich.
And inthis opinion (viz., that there is no adsignification
of manner or time in that which is called the indicative
Save he who courts the fiattery.
More, Daniel, Hannah
III.,
iv. 4. 2. Debased by foreign mixture;
" adulterate copper," Swift,
mood, no adsignification of time in that which is called adulterated : as,
The salutations of Arabs are such that "compli-
the present participle) I am neither new nor singular.
man never than ten min-
. . .
Miscellanies.
Home ments in a well-bred last less
Tooke, Purley.
utes." H. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., 343. No volatile spirits, nor compounds that are
adsignify (ad-sig'ni-fi), v. t. [< L. adsignificare, Adulterate. Carew, To G. X.
adulator (ad'u-la-tgr;), n. lli. ,< adulari : see
show, make
evident, denote, point out, < ad, to,
adulate.] An obsequious flatterer; one who adulterately
(a-dul'ter-at-li), adv. In an adul-
+ significare, signify see ad- and signify.]
: To ofiiers praise servilely. terate manner.
add signification or meaning to (a word) by a adulterateness (a-dul'ter-at-nes), n. The qual-
And became more than ever an adulator of the ruling
prefix or suffix. Some Tooke. [Rare.] powers. I>. 0. Mitchell, Wet Days,
ity or state of being adulterated or debased.
adsorption (ad-s6rp'shon), n. [< L. ad, to, -t- adulatory (ad'u-la-to-ri), a. [< L. adulatorius, adulteration (a-dul-te-ra'shon), n. [< L. adul-
*sorptio(n-), after absorption, q. v.] Conden- (.adulator : see adulator.] Characterized by teratio(n-), adulteration, sophistication, < adul-
sation of gases on the surfaces of solids. terare : see adidterate, v.] 1. The act of adul-
adulation; fulsomely flattering; servilely prais-
adstipulate (ad-stip'u-lat), v. i. pret. and pp. ing as, an adulatory Rdieess.
;
terating, or the state of being adulterated or
:
adstipulated, ppr. adstipulating. [< L. adstipu- You are not lavish of your words, especially iji that
debased by admixtm'e with something else,
lari, astipulari, stipulate with, < ad, to, -I- stipii- species of eloijuence called the adulatory. Chesterfield. generally of inferior quality ; the use, in the
lari, stipulate.] To act as second stipulant or adulatress (ad'u-la-tres), n. [=F. adulatricc, production of any professedly genuine article,
receiving party to a bargain, attaining thereby of ingredients which are cheaper and of an in-
< L. adulatrican., ace. of adulatrix, fem. form of
an equal claim vpith the principal stipulant. adulator : see adtilator.] female adulator. ferior quality, or which are not considered so
A
X. E. D. desirable by the consumer as other or genuine
Indiana, when the first novelty of tHe-it'tHes was over,
adstipulation (ad-stip-u-la'shon), n. [< L. ad- wished again for the constant adulatress of her charms ingredients for which they are substituted.
stipulatio(n-), astipulatio{n-), < adstipulari : see and endowments. Miss Burney, Camilla, x, 14, In commerce, there are several kinds of adulteration':
adstipulate.] The addition of, or action as, a Adullamite (a-dul'am-it), , [< Adullam -f conventional, to suit the taste and demands of the public;
second receiving party in a bargain. N. E. I). -jfeS.] 1. An inhabitant of the \'illage of Adul- fraudulent, for deceptive and gainful purposes and ac- ;

adstipulator (ad-stip'u-la-tor), n. [L., also lam. Gen. xxxviii. 12. 2. hi Eng. hist., one ot
cidental or unintentional adulteration, aiising fl'om care-
lessness in the preparation of the staple or commodity at
astipulator, < adstipulari, astipulari: see ad- a group of Liberals who seceded from the Whig the place of growth or shipment. SimmoTids, Com. Diet,
 : :;

adnlteration 84 advance
2. The product or result of the act of adulter- adumbrant (ad -um' brant), a. [< L. adum- adurentt (a-dii'rent). a. [< L. aduren{t-)s, ppv.
atino:: that which is adulterated. liran(t-)$. ppr. of (idumhrare : see adumbrate.'] of adurcrc : see adurc] Burning; heating.
adulterator (a-dul'ter-a-tor), )i. [L.; adultera- Giving a faint shadow, or showing a slight re- Bacon. [Kare.]
tor monetw, a counterfeiter of money ; < adulter- semblance. adusk (a-dusk'), j^rcp. 2>lir. as adv. or a. [< n^.
are : see adulterate, r.] One who adulterates. adumbrate (ad-um'brat), r. t. pre*^. and pp. prep., + dusk-.] In the dusk or twilight dark
; ;

adulterer (a-diU'ter-er), 11. \_< adulter, i:. + adumbrated, pjjr. adumbratinff. l<.h. adumlira- in gloom. [Rare.]
-erl; substituted for the older form oroutrcr. tiis, pp. of adumbrare, cast a shadow over; in You wish to die and leave the world adu^k
adcoutrer, q. v.] man guilty of adultery: a A painting, to represent an object with due min- For others. .Vr.s\ Browninir, -Aurora Leigh, i. 502.

married man who has sexual commerce with gling of light and shadow, also represent in adust^ (a-dusf), pre}), phr. as a. [< a'^, prep.,
ajiy woman See adultery.
except his wife. outline; ad, to, 4- umbra, shadow.]
<. 1. To + dust.'] Dusty.
Formerly also spelled adultrer. overshadow partially darken or conceal.
; He was tired and adust with long riding: but he did not
adulteress (a-dul'ter-es), n. [< adulter, ., + ICor did it [a veil] cover, but adumbrate only go home. Geonje Eliot, Roiuola, xlv.
substituted for the older form aroutress,
-<>.>.< . Her most heart-piercing parts. Lose half their lives on the road often miry or adust.
and Chapman, Hero and Leander, iv.
aiirou tress, q. v.] A woman guilty of adultery. ilarloiee Blackwood's Mar/., XXI, 792,
Formerly also spelled adultress. 2. Figuratively, to give a faint shadow or re- adust^ (a-dusf), a. [< L. adustus; bimied, pp.
adulterine (a-Uul't^r-in), a. and ;;. [< L. adul- semblance of outline or shadow forth fore- of adurere: see adurc.] 1. Burned; scorched;
; ;

terinus, < adulter see adulter, v.'] I. : a. 1. Of shadow; prefigure. become dry by heat; hot and fiery.
adulterous origin ; bom of adultery. Both In the vaslness and the richness of the visible imi- Whiell with torrid heat.
verse the in\Tsible God is adumbrated. In. Taylor. And vapour as the Libyan air adust.
It must be, however, understood that strong moral re-
pugnance to the fictitious atHliation of these illegitimate In truth, in every Church those who cling most tena- Began to pai'ch that temperate clime.
and adxiUeriiw children begins to show itself among the ciously to the dogma are just the men "who have least Milton, P. L., xii. 635.

oldest of the Hindu law-writers whose treatises have sur- hold of the divine substance " which it faintly adumbrates. 2. Looking as if burned or scorched.
vived. Maine, Early Law and Custom, p. 99. H. -V. Oxenham, Short Studies, p. 314.
In person he was tall, thiu, erect, with a small head, a
2. Relating or pertaining to adultery ; involv- adumbration (ad-um-bra'shon), [< L. ad-
n. long visage, lean yellow cheek, dark twinkling eyes, adust
ing or implying adulter},': as, arfH^tenne fiction; umhratio{n-). < adumbrare : see adumbrate.'] 1. complexion, and a long, sable-silvered beard.
. . .

Motley, Dutch Republic, II. 109.

adulterine marriage (used by St. Augustine of The act of adumbrating or making a shadow or
a second marriage after divorce). 3. Charac- faint resemblance.
2. Figuratively, a faint 3t. In jxithol., Iiaving much heat: said of the
blood and other fluids of the body; hence, ar-
terized by adulteration; spurious; base: as, sketch; an imperfect representation; some-
adulterine drugs or metals. [A Latinism, now thing that suggests by resemblance, or shadows dent; sanguine; impetuous.
rare.]
4t. Illegitimate; illicit; unauthorized: f ortli ; a foreshadomng. If it [melancholy] proceed from blood adv^t, or that
there be a mixture of blood in it. "such are commonly
as, adulterine castles (castles built by the Nor- Our knowledge is ... at best a faint confused adum- ruddy of complexion, and high-coloured," according to
man barons in England, after the conquest, bration. Glanville, Seep. Sci.
Sallust, Salvianus, and Hercules de Saxonia.
without royal warrant). Belief comes into existence when man is not reasonable Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 242.
The adulteriiig guilds, from which heavy sums were ex- enough to have a theory about anything, while he is still
acted in 1180, were stigm.'itised as adiilterint' because they mainly a feeling animal, possessing only some adumbra- adustedt(a-dus'ted), (7. [<f/s/2-f.frf2.] Be-
liad not purchased the right of association, as the older tions or instincts of thought. Kearij, Prim. Belief, p. 23. come hot and dry ; burned; scorched.
legal guilds had done, and had set themselves ui against the shadow only of a figure, outlined, Those rayes which scorch the adu-^ted soyles of Calabria
3. In Iter.,
the govenunent of the city which the king had recognised and Spaine. Itouvtl, Forreiue Travell. p, 74,
by his charter. Stubbg, Const. Hist., III. 534. and painted of a color darker than the field.
It is adustiblet (a-dus'ti-bl), a.
Sh;ul>,\v, ]i,,\\,jver, has no proper place in heraldry.
[< admt'^ -t- -ible.]
H. II. Iuriii7/nir,achildbegotteninadultery. uiiuKtu at, use, Callable of being burned up.
;l

adulterize (a-dul'ter-iz), c. i. l< adulter + -i:e.] adumbrative (ad-um'bra-tiv), a. [< adumbrate adustiont (a-dus'tion), n. 1<.'L. adustio{n-), <
To be guilty of adultery. Milton. Also spelled + -ire.] Shadowing forth ; faintly resembling; adurere: see adure, adust".] 1. The act of
adulterise. [Kare.] foreshadowing or typical. bm-ning, scorching, or heating to di'jTiess; the
Where did God ever will thee to lie, to swear, to op- We claim to stand there as mute monuments, patheti- state of being thus heated or dried. Harvey.
press, to adittten'jte I Jier. T. Adam^, Works, II. 305. cally adumbrative of much. CarUile, t. Rev., II. i. 10.
others will have them (symptoms of melancholy] come
adulterous (a-dul'ttr-us), a. [< adulter + -ous; adumbratively (ad-um'bra-tiv-li), adv. In an from the diverse adustion of the four humours.
substituted for the older form adroutroiis, q. v.] ;ulumlir;i(ive manner. Burton, Anat. of Mel., p. 242.
1. Pertaining to or characterized by adiiltery; adumbrellar (ad-um-brel'ar), a. [< L. ad,to,+ 2. In med., cauterization.
given to adultery. NL. umbrella, the disk ot acalephs: see um- adv. A common abbreviation of adverb and of
An evil and adulterous generation seckcth after a sign. brella.'] Pertaining to the upper surface of (ho ailrerti.senient.
Mat. xii. .JB.
velum in sea-blubbers (Medusa;) : opposed to advailablet (ad-va'la-bl), a. Obsolete form of
2. Illicit : said of combinations or relations of tibumbrcllar. iiniiliibU.
any kind. adunation (ad-u-na'shon), . [< L. adunatio{ii-), ad val. An abbreviation of ad valorem,
Some of our kings have, made adulterous connections < atlunarc, pp. adunatus, make into one, < ad. ad valorem (ad va-16'rem). [NL. : L. ad, to;
abroad. Burke, On a Regicide Peace.
to, + unus==Ei. one: see union, unite, <}te. Cf. LL. ami JS'L. valorem, ace. of valor, value see :

3. Spurious; corrupt; adtdterated: as, "forged atone, the cognate E. form.] The act of uniting valor.] According to value. Applied (i) in cnw.,
and adulterous Casauhon, Of Credulity stuff," or the state of being united; imion: as, "real ti> customs or duties levied according to the marketable

or worth of the goods at the original place of ship-

(trans.), p. 297. [Kare.] unionor ddunation," Boi/le, Scept. Chvm. (1680), value ment, as sworn to by tiic owner and vcriticii by tlie cus-
adulterously (a-dul'tfer-us-li), adv. In an adul- ].. 94. [Hair.] toms appraisers; (2) in law, to lawyers' fees forthe draw-
terous manner. adunc (ad-nngk'). a. [Formerly adunquc, as ing of certain deeds or other work chiu'gcablo according
adultery (a-dul'tr-i), .; pi. adulteries (-iz). if F. ; < L. admiciu.; hooked: see aduncous.] to the value of the luoiierly involved.
[< lj. substituted for the
iidulti'rium, < adulter; Same as aduncous. advance (ad-vans'), )'. pret. and pp. advanced, ;

older form ailvouinj, q. v.] 1. Violation of the Parrots have an adumiue Bill. Bacon, Nat Hist, 238.
ppr. ndciincinij. [Earlier advaunce, avaunce, <
marriage-bod ; carnal connection of a inamed IIE. aranncen, avtiuii.ien, araneen, ocrtH.voi, <
The Nose ... if ,\(|uiiiue or Adunc.
perHoii with any other than the lawful spou.se; h'eeljin, Nuinismatn, p. 29". (JV. E. D.)
OF. avancer, araneier, later avanccr, "to for-
in a more restricted sensCj the wrong by a wife ward, sot forward, furl her, put on; also, to
aduncal (ad-ung'kal), a. [< L. aduncus : see hasten; and to sliorten or cut off by haste;
whicli introduces or may introduce a spurious aduncous.] Same as aduncous.
offspring into a family, it is sometimes called sin- also, to advance, prefer, promote" (Cotgrave),
gle ailuU^rit wlien only one of the parties is married, ami Tile spire also ttpens out at its growing margin,
anil thus gives rise to the common aduneal type of
mod. F. avancer I'r. Sp. avan::ar= Pg. avangar
. . .
=
d'fulAe aduUrnj wlieti Ijoth are married. In some jnris-
dlctlomi tile law makes adultery a crime, in some only a
. , .

(liis,,rg:uiismlOW>iVw/(Mrt], H'. B. Carpenter, Micros., 4ivj, =

It. aviuuiirc, < ML. *aban1care, < abantc, away
before, > It. Sp. Pg. arnntc, Pr. OF. F. avan't,
civil lnlilr>-.Kitgland, fonnerly, it vfi\A punished by
Ill aduncate (ad-ung'kat), r. t. ; pret. and pp. ad- before : see avant, araunt, and van".
fine Brid imprisonment, and in .Scotland it was frciplcntly The prefi.x
unciited, ]ipr. dduncatinfi. [< ML. adunciilus,
mail*- a capital olfeuse. In (ircat I'.ritAin at the present is Ihus historically av- fur orig. ali- the sjielling
day. however, it is punishable only by ecclesiastical cen- jip. of adunrarr, hook, curve, < Tj. atluncus, ;

adv-, now eslablished in this word and adran-

urt; ; but when committed by the w if,-, it is regarded as a Iiookcd: sec aduncous.] To curve inward, as
tae/c, is diu^ lo a forced 'restoration' of a- taken
civil Injury, and forms the Krouiirl of an action of dani- a bird's boak or a nose.
ttfe* auntn.^t the paramour. Contniry to the previous gen- as n reduced form of ail-: see -'l and ((-13.]
'' ' M. it has recently lieen hi Icl in the lulled
aduncate (ad-ung'kat), a. [< ML. aduneatus, 1. trans. 1. To bring forward in place move
the wife may have a corrr^jif.nding action ])p. : see tho verb.] Aduncous; liookod; hav- fiir(li(>r ;

in front.
ii:ui who seduces away her biiHliand. In Kng- ing a hook: as, the aduncate bill of a hawk.
''
-I (he hilstmnd'H recovery of damages .Now Morn, her rosy steps in the eastern clime
aduncit3r (a-dun'si-ti), n. [< L. aduncitas, Advancinij, sow'd tlio earth with orient i)carl.
ir I'jiii now l>e had only by Joining hini
liookcdiirss, ioiliiiinis, hooki'il : see aduncous.] Milton, V. L., v. 2.
i-tlon for illvorce. .See r/irvjrrc.
'rnmandment of Die dncn- Tlio condition of being liookod hookodnoss. ; Olio lac'd the helm, another held the lance
uiidcrslood, nil mnnner of The aduncity of the pounces and beaks of the hawks. A third the shining buckler did iidrunre.
Marliuus Scribkrus. Dniden, I'lil. and Arc, I. 1732.
ily in act or Ihoiiglit. See
A line wiw entrenched, and the troops werertifivincrf to
.Mat. V. :.-^. '.i. l.frli'H,, intniHion into a bisli- aduncous (a-dung'kus), a. [< L. aduncus, liook- the new iHisilion. Geanf, I'ei-s. Mem., I. ,177.
..,,rif d.ini.-' II,.. Ijfo of the bihop. 4. In oW iil,<rt((, to, +
uncus, iiookcil, barbed, uncus, a
IT, .s',

'"'' illiiig of IrecH: so culled liook, barb.] Hooked; bent or niaile in llie 2. To forward in (imp ai'eelerato as, to ad- :

''''"'
1, nd an uiiiiiitiiral iininn. form of u liook; im-iirvcd. Equivalent fonna- ntncc the growlli of plaiils. 3. To iin|)rovo
^" I'lrnijition : hh, "all llic tioiiH are adunc and aduncal.
<ir make lieder; heiielK ; iiroiiu)(e the goiul of

"''" 'oM.wii, Kpicocne, i. 1. 6t. ad unguem (ad nng'gwom). [Ji. : rt(/, to; - as, to advance one's true iii( crests.
Ah the I'lilling dignifies the man, so tlje man niiirh nioie
ni'i niiii. ;)ui ni, lice, of uni/uis, nail, elaw.J To tho nail,
adrttuees Ills calling. South, Sermons
,i< Mill of mjf hand the "ir (ouch of fill! nail; exiictlj': iiicoly.
} tfl
.('
adunquet (ad-ungk'), a. ObHoloto form of 4. To jiroinote ; raise to n Iiiglier rank : as, to
. .luiuutn, Marouric Vlndlcnled. ilitllnc. advance one from the bar to (lie bench.
adnltncM (iwlult'ncH), n. The ttoto of being adurot (a-diir'), r. t. f< Ij. adurcrr, sot firo to,
Ami lo tuteanee again, fur one iniiirs miTit,
adult. buni. (od, to, +
urerr, biini, akin fo Or. linv, A (iKiiiHund heirs thii; biive ileserved nought?
adnmbr.-<' . n U L. ml, to, + Hiii({e, riiiiv, kiudlo. Ski.
v' "'''' burn, lleiien
Sir. I. Diiri..,, Iinmortal. of Soul, viil.

umlini. 1. Hlimly. 2.
II lins lii'ii the fate of thh oMIuliig fiivorite to ailranc
:'.r(i('.) (iiliist'i, (|. v.] To burn I'oiiiiilclolyorpaiiiully; lb',^,> v^iii, Hooiiu forget liieir original.
saiiio UH ''luiii''! ' ",-.
calcine, Hcorch, or parch. Etvtyn, Dliiry, July 22, ;o74.
 ! ; ; :
:

advance 85 advantage
6. To raise enhance
advance the price
; : as, to back on the 5th with the advance, the remainder
I got advantage (ad-vati'taj), . [< ME. avantage,
ot' goods.

6. To offer or propose; bring to
following as rapidly as the steamers could carry them.
U. S. Grant, Pers. Mcni., I. 290.
avaunta<ie,<.()V. (andF.) avantayc, "an advan-
view or notice, as something one is prepared tage, odds; overplus; addition; eckiiig; a bene-
adduce bring forward 8. In schools, a lesson not previously learned
to abide by allege ; ; ; :

fit, furtherance, forwarding," etc. (Cotgi'ave),

opposed to review. 9. Advancement; promo- =
as, to advance an opinion or an argument. Pr. avantage {MIj. re&ex avantagium), < ML.
tion; preferment: as, an advance in rank or *ahantaticum, advantage, < abante, > OF. avant,
Propositions whicli are admnf.c.d in discourse generally
result from a partial view of the question, and cannot be
office. 10. offer or tender. An etc., before: see advance, v.'] 1. Any state,
kept under examination long enough to be corrected. The advaiwe of kindness which I made was feigned. condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means
Macaulaij, Athenian Orators. Dryden, All for Love, iv.
specially favorable to success, prosperity, inter-
7. In com., to supply beforehand ; furnish on 11. In com. (a) Addition to price rise in price
: ;
est, reputation, or any desired end; anything
credit, or before goods are delivered or work is as, an advance on the prime cost of goods tliere ;
that aids, assists, or is of service as, he had :

done, or furnish as part of a stock or fund sup- ; is an advance on cottons, (b) A giving before- the advantage of a good constitution, of an ex-
ply or pay in expectation of reimbursement as, : hand a furnishing of something before an
; cellent education; the enemy had the advan-
to" advance money on loan or contract, or to- equivalent is received, as money or goods, to- '

tage of elevated ground; "the advantages of a

ward a purchase or an establishment. ward a capital or stock, or on loan, or in expec- close alliance," Macaulay.
Two houses advanced to Edwiird the Third of England tation of being reimbursed in some way : as, A Advantage is a better soldier than rashness.
upwards of three hundred thousand marks. made large advances to B. Shak., Hen. V., iii. 6.
Macaulay, Machiavelli.
with great pleasure, make the necessary ad-
I shall, The streets, seen now under the advantages of a warm
8. To raise ; lift up ; elevate. vances. Jay. morning sun adding a beauty of its own to whatever it
They . . .
-The account was made up with intent to show what glanced upon, showed much more brilliantly than ours
Shak., Tempest, iv. 1.
Advatic'd their eyelids. advances had been made. Kent. of Rome. W. Ware, Zenobia, I. 68.

him
0,
!
peace Contemplation makes a rare turkey-cock of
!

how he jets under his advanced plumes (c) The money or goods thus furnished. 12. 2. Superiority or prevalence
or over.
: regularly with o/
Shak., T. N., ii. 5. In naval tactics, the distance made by a ship
A cherub tall under way, in the direc- Lest Satan should get an advantage of us. 2 Cor. ii. 11.
Who forthwith from the glittering staff unfurl'd tion of her course, after I have seen the hungry ocean gain
The imperial ensign, which, full liigh advanced. the helm has been put to Advantage on the kingdom of the shore.
Shone like a meteor. Milton, P. L., i. 536. Shak., Sonnets, Ixiv.
:one side and kept there:
9. To put forth or exhibit with a view to dis- iopposed to transfer, the
The special advantage of manhood over youth lies . . .
play. [Rare.] in the sense of reality and limitation.
idistance made at right an- J. It Seeley, Nat. Religion, p. 145.
And every one his love-feat will advance gles to the original course
Unto his several mistress. Shak., L. L. L., v. 2. j
3. Benefit; gain; profit.
of the vessel before the
lOt. To commend ; extol ; vaunt. -.o
I

helm was put over In ad- What advantage will it be unto thee? Job xxxv. 3.

Greatly adoauncing his gay chivalree. vance, (a) Before in front ;

Yet hath Sir Proteus, for that's his name.
Made
Hf. To impel ; incite.
Spenser, F. Q., I.

That lewd rybauld with vyle lust advaunst.

v. 16.

Ivance, as, the cavalry marched in ad-

or in advance of the ar-
tillery. See above, 6. (b) Be-
forehand before an equivalent
4t. Usury
use and fair advantage of his days.

interest ; increase.
;
Shak., T. G. of V., ii. 4.

Spenser, F. Q., II. i. 10. ;

Methought you said, you neither lend nor borrow
is received as, to pay rent in
= Syil. To
elevate, exalt, prefer, .iggrandize, dignify.
4.
advance.
:
Upon advantage. Shak., M. of V., i. 3.
5. To increase, augment. 6. Adduce, Allege, Assign And with advantage means to pay thy love.
(see addtice) ; propound, bring forward, lay down. A They . . . paid you in ad-
Shak., K. John, iii. 3.
To move or go forward pro- ABC, vance the dearest tribute of
II, inirans. 1. ;
ship's track.
their affection. A thirteenth article added to a dozen, mak-
B, point where helm is put 5t.
ceed as, the troops advanced. To the King,
:

D
over.
C, advance \ of curve
Ju7iiits, 1769. ing what is commonly known as a baker's
But time advances : facts accumulate doubts arise. ;
(c) In the state or condition of
Faint glimpses of truth begin to appear, and shine more
B D, transfer j B C. dozen.
having made an advance as, :

and more unto the perfect day. If the Scripture be for reformation, and -\ntiquity to
^,
A is in advance to B a thousand dollars. = Syn. Advance-
Macaulay, Sir James Mackintosh. boot, it is but an advantage to the dozen.
yuent, Pro/iciency, etc. See progress, n.
Milton, Ref. in Eng., i.
They watched the reapers' slow advancing line. advanceable [< advance + (ad-van'sa-bl), a.
William Morris, Earthly Paradise, I. 375.
-able.'] t'apabie of being advanced, 6. In lawn-tennis, the first point gained after
2. To improve or make progress; grow, etc.: advance-bill (ad-vans'bU), n. Same as ad- deuce. Commonly called vantage. See lawn-
as, to advance in knowledge, stature, wisdom, vance-note.
tennis. To advantage, with good effect advantage- ;

rank, office, dignity, or age. ously. To have the advantage of, to have superiority
advanced (ad-vansf), j'- " ! Situated in over be in a more favorable position than in particular,
A great advancing soul carries forward his whole age
a mean, sordid soul draws it back.
;
front of or before others. Hence 2. In the ;

to know without being known have a personal knowledge

;
;

front forward being in advance of or beyond

; ; that is not reciprocal as, you havethe advantage o/me.
:

J. F. Clarke, Self-Culture, p. 34.

others in attainments, degree, etc. : as, an ad- Toplayuponadvantaget, tocheat. To take advan-
3. To increase in quantity, price, etc. : as, the tage of. (a) To avail one's self of profit by in a legitimate
;
vanced Liberal. way. (6) To oven-each or impose upon, (c) To utilize as a
stock advanced three points.
The most advanced strategic ideas of the day. means toward overreaching or imposition.
advance (ad-vans'), " [F.avance; from the Qrote, Hist. Greece, II. 86. The restrictions both on masters and servants were so
verb.] 1. A moving forward or toward the
3. Having reached a comparatively late stage, severe as to prevent either from taking advantage of the
front a forward course progress in space
; : necessities of the other. Froude, Sketches, p. 146.
as of development, progress, life, etc. : as, he is
;

as, our advance was impeded by obstructions. = Syn. 1 and 3. Advantage, Benefit, Utility, Profit, help,
Don Alonzo de Aguila and his companions, in their
now at an advanced age. vantage-ground, good, ser\iee. Advantage is thepossession
eager advance, had got entangled in deep glens and
. . .
advance-guard (ad-vans'gard), n. [Cf. avant- of a good vantage-ground for the attainment of ulterior ob-
the dry beds of torrents. Irving, Granada, p. 90. guard, vani/uard.] Milit., a body of troops or jects of desire as, he has the advantage of a good education.
:

Benefit is a more immediate and realized good as, a chief

2. Milit., the order or signal to advance : as, the other force marching or stationed in front of :

benefit of exercise is the improvement of health. Utility

advance was sounded. 3. step forward; A the main body to clear the way, guard against
surprise, etc.
is usefulness in the practical or material sense the utility
of an education is a small part of the benefit derived from
:

actual progress in any course of action often :

advancement (ad-vans'ment), n. [Earlier ad- it. Profit signifies gain, with a suggestion of trade or
in the plural: as, an advance in religion or exchange. A man may have good advantages, but derive
knowledge; civilization has made great ad- vauucemcnt, avauncement,'<. 'M.'E. avancemcnt, < from them little benefit or profit ; even their utility to fum
vances in this centui'y. OF. (and F.) avancement, < avancer: see advance may be smaU.
Witness the advance from a rustic's conception of the and -nient.'] 1. The act of moving forward or And deny his youth
Earth to that which a travelled geologist has reached. proceeding onward or upward. 2. The act of The rich advantage of good exercise.
Shak., K. John, iv. 2.
//. SpeiKcr, Prin. of Psychol., 481. promoting, or state of being promoted ; prefer-
The importance of the American revolution, and the
4. An
act of approach; an effort for approxi- ment; promotion in rank or excellence; im- means of making it a benefit to the world.
mation or agreement anything done to bring provement; fm-therance. Settlement on a
about accord or any relation with another or
;

wife; jointure. Bacon. 4. In fad', provision St. An undertaking of

Washington, Letter to Dr. Price.
enormous labour and yet of only
others: with to before the person and toward made by a parent for a child during the parent's very partial utility. F. Halt, Mod. Eng., p. 36.
before the object or pm-pose as, made an : A life, by gift of property on account of the share What jwo_^( lies in barren faith?
advance or advances to B, or toioard acquain- to which the ehUd would be entitled as heir or Tennyson, In Memoriam, cviii.

tance with B. next of kin after the parent's death. 5t._The advantage (ad-van'taj), r. ; pret. and pp. ad-
Frederic had some time before made advances toward a payment of money in advance money paid in ; vantaged, ppr. advantaging. [< late ME. avan-
reconciliation with Voltaire. advance. =Syn. land 2. Advance, Projiciencg, etc. See tage, < OP. avantager, avantagier, later avan^
Macaulay, Frederic the Great. progress, H.2. Exaltation, elevation, 'prefennent, en- tager, "to advantage, give advantage unto,"
5. A
forward position; place in front, at the liancement, amelioration, betterment.
etc. (Cotgrave); from the noun.] I, trans. 1.
head, or in the lead as, his regiment took the advance-note (ad-vans'not), m.
:
draft on the A To benefit; be of service to; yield profit or
advance in the march.
6. The state of being owner or agent' of a vessel,
generally for one
master gain to.
forward or in front; a being or going at the month's wages, given by the to the
What is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world,
head or in the lead: chiefly in the phrase in sailors on their signing the articles of agree- and lose himself, or be cast away ? Luke is. 25.
advance: as, the gi-oom rode in advance of the ment. Known in the United States as an advance-bill. If trade pinches the mind, commerce liberahzes it and ;

abolished In the United States by act of

carriage; he is far in advance of the other The practice was Boston was also advantaged with the neighborhood of the
Congress in 1SS4. country's oldest college, which maintained the wholesome
pupils. In this sense the word Is often used in compo-
sition, sometimes without joining, giving it the appear- advancer (ad-van'ser), n. [ME. avauncer, traditions of culture. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 96.
ance of an adjective, as it has been called in such use, al- avaunser; <" advance + -er^.] 1. One who ad- 2t. To gain ground or win acceptance for; pro-
though it is never really one. I'hus, an advance (-) agent vances; a promoter. 2. A branch of a buck's mote or further. [Rare.]
is an agent sent out in advance of a theatrical company,
exhibition, etc., to make preliminary arrangements; an
horn, the second from the base. The stoics that opinioned the souls of wise men dwelt
advance (-) ditch or /oss is a ditch around the esplanade advancingly (ad-van'sing-U), adv. In an ad- about the moon, and those of fools wandered about the
or glacis of a fortified place, and hence in advance of it ;
progressively. vancing manner earth, advantaged the conceit of this effect.
advayice (-) sheets are sheets of a printed work sent to
advancive (ad-van'siv), a. [liTeg. < advance + Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err.
somebody in advance of publication. To increase, as by interest.
-ive.} Tending to advance or promote. [Rare.] 3t.
7. He who or that which is at the head or in
The latter will be more advancive of individual m- . . . Advantaging their loan with interest
the lead the foremost or forward part ; espe- Ot ten times double gain of happiness.
terest than of the public welfare.
;

cially, the leading body of an army. Washington, in Bancroft's Hist. Const., I. 416. Shak,, Rich. III., iv. i.
 ; ; :

86 adventuress
advantage
to determine the date. Come, never mind our imcle's age, let us hear his ad-
be an advantage to ward abandoning the attempt
4t. Eeflexively. to cause
to ventures. Irvinfj, Tales of a Traveler.
There are several divisions or sects of Adventists, the prin-
avail (one's self). cipal of which are: the Jrfi'cn((or Second Advent) Chris- 4. A speculation of any kind, commercial,
obsened of wolves, that when they go to the fold tians, the largest the Seventh-day Adventists, much small-
It is ;

but more compactly organized; and the Evannelical

financial, or mining; aventme; specifically, a
lor prey, they ' wUl be sure to admntaat! themselves of the er,
^5 ' Jier. T. Adams, Works, II. 121. Adventists, the smallest. The members of th^ flrst two be-
lieve in the final annihilation of the wicked, which those
speculation in goods sent abroad.
To gain an advantage be bene- Lafayette directed the captain to steer fur the United
n. intrans. ;
of the third reject. The second observe the seventh day as States, wliicll, especially as he had a large pecuniary ad-
fited". the Sabbath, :md believe in the existence of the spirit of venture of his own on board, he declined doing.
The cmivora(K/ran/ao^ by the accident of their
painted prophecy among them; they m.tintain missions in various Everett, Orations, I. 46T.
sHns p. Robinson, Under the sun, p. Iso. parts of the world, and a number of institutions at Battle
5+. Peril; danger.
Creek, Michigan, their headquarters.
(ad-van'taj-a-bl), a [Early
advantageable adventitia (ad-ven-tish'i-il), n. [NL., fem. He was in great adventure of Ids life. Berners.
mod. . avantageable ; < advantage + sing. (sc. membrana, or tuniea)oi L. adventitius:
-able.]
6. Adventurous activity ; participation in ex-
Profitable; convenient; gainful. [Rare.]
see adventitious.'] In aunt., any membranous citing or hazardous undertakings or enterprises
It ii admntageablt to a
ome of disease.
physician to be
Sir
called
J.
to the
Bayward. structure covering an organ but not properly as, a spirit of adventure
At all adventurest, at
belonging to it (in full, membrana adventitia. whatever may be the consequence.
lieclinin-^-
all hazards ;

advantage-ground (ad - van 'taj- ground), n.

adventitious membrane) specifically, the out-
; In this mist at all adventures go. Shak., C. of E., ii. 2.
A'antage-ground. Clarendon. ermost of the three coats of a blood-vessel (in Bill of adventtrre. See bills.
advantageous (ad-van-ta'jus), a. [Foi-merly
full, tunica adventitia, adventitious tunie), con- adventure (ad-ven'tiLi-), '' pret. and pp. ad-
udi-dntaijioim; (.advantage, ., -ous, after F. + sisting of connective tissue. ventured, ppr. adventuring.
;

[< ME. avcnturen.

avantageiix, < acantage.] Of advantage; fur- usually contr. to aunteren, auntrcn (which sm'-
adventitious (ad-ven-tish'us), a. [< L. adven-
nishing convenience or opportunity to gain titius, prop, advcnticius, coming from abroad, vives,"prob., in saunter, q. v.), < OF. aventurcr
benefit; gainful; profitable; useful; beneficial: iadvcntus, pp. of advenire: see advene.] 1. = Pi\ Sp. Pg. avcnturar =
\t. avventurare, < ML.
as, an arfi'a?flircoH5 position of the troops; trade Added extrinsieally ; not spriuging from the es- adventurare; from the noim.] I. trans. 1. To
is advantageous to a nation. sence of the subject, but from another som-ee risk or hazard put in the power of unforeseen
;

Between these colonies and the mother country, a very foreign; accidentally or casually acquired: ap- events: as, to adventure one's life.
adcanlaneout traffic was at flrst carried on.
Goldsmith, Citizen of the World, x.\v. plied to that which does not properly belong to Sly father fought for you, and adventured his life far.

a subject, but which is superadded or adopted, Judges ix. 17.

It is evident that they [changes in color] are under the
control of the fisti, and therefore adrantaaeous. as in a picture or other work of art, to give it ad- 2. To venture on ; take the chance of ; inm the
Science, IV. 339.
ditional power or effect. risk of doing or suffering.
= Syn, Helpful, serviceable, favorable, remunerative. Every subject acquires an adventilimis importance to So bold Leander would adventure it.
advantageously (ad-van-ta'jus-U), adv. Iv. an liim who considers it with application. 5/mjt., T. G. of v., iii. 1.
Goldsjnith, Polite Learning, xiv.
advantageous manner; with advantage ;
profit- Well, my lord, I do adventure, on your word,
ably: usefully; conveniently. But apart from any adventitious associations of later The duke's dlspleasiu'e.
growth, it is certain that a very ancient belief gave to magic Dekker and Webster0), Sir Thomas Wyat, p. 15.
It was adrantaqfouslij situated, there being an
easy
the power of imparting life, or the semblance of it, to inani-
passage from it to' India by sea. Arbuthmt. Lowell, .-iraong my Books, 1st ser., p. 117.
mate things. II. intrans. To take th6 risk involved in do-
Their mother is evidently not without hopes of seeing
2. In bot. and;o67., appearing casually, or in ing anything; proceed at a venture.
one, at least [of her daughters], advantageoiubi settled in
life. Barham, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 1S4. an abnormal or imusual position or place ; oc- Still y plague continuing in our pjirish, I could not

curring as a sti-aggler or away from its natural without danger adventure to our church.
advantageousness (ad-van-ta'jus-ncs), n. The Evelyn, Diary, Sept. 7, ICGC.
quality or state of being advantageous profit- position or habitation ; adventive.
;
Its government began to adventure on a lenient policy.
ableness usefulness convenience.
;
The inflorescence [of Cuscatn fjloiuerata] is developed Bancroft, Hist. U. S., 1. 349.
;
from numerous crowded advenlitiottshiids, and not by the
The last property, which qualifies God for the fittest ob-
repeated branching of axillary, flowering branches, as adventureful (ad-ven'tiir-ful). a. Given to
ject of our love, is, the admiilageousnesi oi Histo us, both commonly stated. Science, IV. 342
Boyle, Works, I. 279. idvoutuiv; full of enterprise. [Eare.]
ill tlie present and tlic future life.
3. In anat., of the nature of adventitia: as, the adventurementt (ad-ven'tur-ment), )i. Haz
advectitious (ad-vek-tish'us), a. [< L. advcc-

place. Illount.
advehent (ad've-hent), a. [< L. advehen{t-)s.
-1-
ppr. of advchere, bring to, carry to, < ad, to,
telierc, bring, ean-y see vehicle, convey.] Bring- :

ing; caiTying to; afferent: in anat., applied

to sundry vessels the opposite of revchent.:

advene (ad-ven'), r. i. [< L. advenire, come to,

arrive at, < ad, to, +
renire, come, =E. come, q. v.
Of. convene, intervene, supervene.] To accede
or come; be added or become a part, though
not essential. [Rare.]
Wln-re no act of the will advenes as a co-efflcient.
Remains (1830), 111. 19. Coleridge,

advenientt (ad-ve'nient), [<L. advenicn(t-)s, a.

mtT.oi advenire: sea advene.] Advening; com-
ing from without ; superadded.
Divided from truth in themselves, tliey aro yet farther
removed by advenient deception.
Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err., i. 3.

advent (ad' vent), n. advent, < L. ad- [< ME.

rcnlus, a coming to. approach, < advenire : see
n(/ifiic.] 1. A
coming into place, view, or be-
ing; visitation; arrival; accession: as, the ad-
reiil of visitors, of an infant, or of death. [A
modem use of tlio word, the ecclesiastical use
having been the original one in English.]
with the aitvenl of tlic empire all this was destined to
unUcrgo a complete change.
Merieale, Itoman Empire, xxxv.
V to power of a litM-Tul-mlndcd .Sovereign
'

. . bcrii expected that there would be an

Inn .^ij ill theOovemmcnt of Piedmont.
E. Dicey, Victor Eiiiiiianucl, p. f>4.

Mpofifl'-nlly 2. The coming of C'liiist as the

wiirld. Hencn 3. [rap.] lie-
I iiiiriiedintelyjirecediMi: thefes-
- - ,
I. ' .
,
.
k-

11.

I .
Ml ,

Adv
Olr
Chr
par'
A.I,
mill'
nvi*! "t '

'h *ccii
 : ;

adventuress 87 advert
It might be very well
... to cry
for I-ady Bareacres . and other
.

at the idea, oi theoiWona advflnturcits

. chance, nevertheless, nowadays.
under prepositional.
See prepoHtional phrase,
II. n. word or proposition denoting con- A
ladies ttti
trariety or opjiosition.
malung her curtsey before the sovereign. adverbiality (ad-vi^r-bi-al'i-ti), n. [< adverbial
TUackeray, Vanity Fair, xlviii.
+ -tty : =
F. adi'erbialite.] The state or quality
adversatively (ad-ver'sa-tiv-li), adv. In an
(ail-veu'tur-us), a. ME. avcn- advcrsnt ivc! (jr opposing manner.
adventurous [< of being adverbial adverbial form of expres- ;

turuits, (ici iilun(.->. (iiiiilrrous, etc., < OF. avciitemti, sion. X. E. I). adverse (ad'vers, sometimes ad-vers'), a. [<
lt. avvcnliiruno = ME. adverse, < OF. advers, earlier avers, auvers,
F. ar('iitunux=Vr. (ir<)ituros adverbialize (ad-vor'bi-al-iz), v. t. ; prat, and F. tidver.se
see udrenture, ., and -oms.] 1. Inclined or pp. adrcrbialised, ppr. adverbialisiny. [< adver-
Pr. adverse Sp. Pg. adver.io = = =
It. a V versa, < L. adversus, earlier advorsus,
willing to incur hazard or engage in adven- bial +-i:e.'] To give the form or force of an turned
toward, over against, opposite, opposed,
tures bold to encounter danger daring ven-
; ; ; advcH'b to ; use as an adverb.
of advertcre, earlier adrxrrtere, turn to see
turesome ; courageous ; enterprising. adverbially (ad-vcr'bi-al-i), adv. In the man- pp. :

advert.] 1. Being or acting in a contrary di-

In many a dul)tfiil tight, ner or with the force or character of an ad-
Was never known a more aiii-ent'roiis Itniglit. rection ; opposed or opposing in position or
verb as an adverb.
;
Dryden, Hind and Panther, 1. 2207. course opposite
; confronting most com-
; :
adversaria (ad-ver-sa'ri-a), n. pi. [L. (se.
monly used of hurtful or hostile opposedness,
Th' mlvcttturoits l>aron tiie briglit locl<s admired. scripta), miscellaneous notes, memoranda, lit.
Pope, R. of the L., ii. 29. but sometimes of mere opposition in space.
writings lying before one's eyes, < adversarius,
With adverse from the south
blast upturns tliem
2. Full of hazard attended with risk ; exposing
; turned toward, being in front of, standing op- Notus. Milton, P. L., x. 701.
to danger requiring courage hazardous as,
; ; : posite see advers<tryj\ A miscellaneous col-
:
Thus marching to the trumpet's lofty soimd.
an Mlceiiturous undertaking. lection of notes, remarks, or selections a com- ; Drawn in two lines adverse they whcel'd around.
Of instrumental harmony, tliat lireathed monplace-book memoranda or annotations.
;
Dryden, Flower and Leaf, 1. 2B0.
Heroic ardour to adventuruus deeds. These ijarchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's
He looked upon the bright green slope, that skirts the
Mittun, P. L., vi, 60.
adversaria. adverse bills.
Bp. Bull, Sermons.
A Greelc temple preserves a kind of fresli immortality Blackie, Lays of Highlands, p. 167. (N. E. D.)
in its concentrated refinement, and a Gothic cathedral in adversarious (ad-ver-sa'ri-us), a. [< L. adver- 2. Antagonistic in purpose or effect; opposite;
its adventurous exuberance. sariiis : see adversary.'] Adverse; hostile. hostile ; inimical : as, an adverse party ; ad-
H, James, Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 30. adversary (ad'ver-s^-ri), a. and n. [< ME. ad- verse criticism.
" Syn. 1. Adeetlturous, Enterprising, Rash, Reckless, Foot- versary, advcrsaric (also adversere, < AF. ad-
The adventurous man The spirit of personal invective is peculiarly adverse to
Aardtf, venturesome, venturous. verser, OF. adversier, aversier, mod. F. advcr-
incurs risks from love of tlie novel, the arduous, and the
the coolness of rhetoric. De Qtiincey, lihetoric.
hold, trusting to escape tiirough the use of his bodily and
saire), < L. adversarius, a., standing opposite Error ia adverse to human happiness.
mental powers he would measure himself against difficult
; or opposed to, turned toward, < adversarius, n., //. Silencer, Social Statics, p. 238.
things. When tills spirit does not go so far as to deserve antagonist, opjionent, < adversus, opposite see : 3. Opposing desire ; contrary to the wishes or
the name of raskness or /oolhardiness, it is considered a to supposed good; hence, unfortunate; calam-
luanly trait. The enterprising man is alert to undertake
adrerse, a.] I. a. 1. Opposed; opposite to;
new and large things, not necessarily involving risk he is ;
adverse: antagonistic: as, " adversary torces," itous ; unprosperous : as, adverse fate or cir-
constantly breaking out of routine. The rash man hastens Bp. King. [Rareorobsolete.] 2. In toH', hav- cumstances.
to do a thing with little thought of the consequences, and ing an opposing party, in contradistinction to He lived, we are told, to experience sport of adverse for-
generally in the heat of feeling. With the foolhardy man tune. Merivale, Roman Empire, xlii.
the risks are so great and the absence of thought is so
unoppuscd : as, an adversary suit.
pi. adnersaries (ad'ver-sa-riz). In studying the minor poets, we see with especial clear-
entire that he seems to have the hardihood of the fool. II. n. 1.
;
ness the adverse iiiHuenees of a transition era, composite
The I'eckless man has the impetuosity of the rash man, but One who acts adversely or inimioally ; an mi- though it be. Stednmn, Vict. Poets, p. 28.
he is more careless of consequences. The rash man is friendly opponent or antagonist; an enemy.
too precipitate the reckless man shows temerity the
; ;
4. In bot, turned toward the axis : the opposite
foolhardy man is careless or defiant even when he under- The Lord will take vengeance on his adversaries. of averse, but rarely used. See anatro])ous.
takes the impossible. Nahuni i. 2.
[The early botanists used the term in the sense
Commerce is unexpectedly confident and serene, alert, We carry private and domestic enemies within, public of opposite.] Adverse leaf, a leaf which has its up-
adventurous, and unwearied. Thoreau, Walden, p. 130. and more hostile adversaries without.
Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, ii. 7.
per surface turned toward the stem. Adverse posses-
There have not been wanting enterprising and far-see- sion, in law, occupancy of realty as if by right witlxjut
ing statesmen who have attempted to control and direct
the Spirit of the Age. W. K. Clifford, Lectures, I. 80.
Specifically 2.
[cap.] The devil; Satan as molestation, which may at length ripen into a sufficient

Adverse radicle, in bot., a radicle turned toward
the general enemy of mankind as, the wiles title.

:
the hilum, as in anatropous seeds. Beeanatropous.=%ya.
He is rash, and very sudden in choler, and, haply, may of the Adversary. 3. An opponent in a eon- 1. Opposite, contrary, unfavorable.
2. Averse, Inimical,
strike at you. Shak., Othello, ii. 1.
test ; one who contends against another or etc. See hostile. 3. Unfortunate, unlucky, calamitous,
I am one, my liege, strives for victory ; a contestant. untoward, disastrous.
Whom the vile blows and buffets of the world adverset (ad-v6rs'), v. t. [< L. adversari, op-
Have so incens'd, that I am reckless what Agree with thine adversary quickly, lest at any . . .

do to spite the world.

I Shak., Macbeth, iii. 1. time the adversary deliver thee to the judge. Mat. v. 25. pose, < adverstis, opposite : see adverse, a.] To
The .foolhardy levity of shallow infidelity proceeds from Forsaketh yet the lists oppose.
a morbid passion for notoriety, or the malice that finds By reason of his adversary's odds. Fortune should him adverse. Gower, Conf. Amant., ii.

pleasure in annoyance. Bancroft, Hist. U. S., I. 194.

Shak., 1 Hen. VI., v. 6.
adversely (ad'vers-li), adv. In an adverse
The adversaries may consult as to a fresh deal [in whist).
adventurously (ad-ven'tur-us-li), adv. In an American Hoyle, p. 2. manner oppositely inimieally offensively
; ; ;

adventurous manner; boldly; daringly. = Syn. lands. Adversary, Antagonist, Opponent, Enemy, unfortunately unprosperously ; ; in a manner
They are both hanged ; and so would this be, if he durst Foe. These words vary in strength according as they ex- contrary to desire or success.
steal anything adventurously. Shak., Hen. V., iv. 4. press spirit, action, or relation. A
foe has most of the spirit If the drink you give me touch my palate adversely, I
of enmity, or is actively hostile. The word is more used in make a crooked face at it. Shak., Cor., ii. 1.
adventurousness (ad-ven'tur-us-nes), n. The poetry than in prose. Enemy, as denoting an opponent in
quality of being adventurous ; daring. war, or a member of an opposing party, does not necessarily adverseness (ad'vers-nes), H. 1. Opposition;
adverb (ad' verb), ii. [< F. adverbe, <. h. adver-
imply personal hostility. Opponent, adversary, and antago- repugnance.
nist are less severe in their opposition, and need have no an- This would account for an adverseness to all our over-
hium, an adverb (a tr. of Gr. tTrtppri/ia, an ad- imosity. Opponent is often a passive word ; antagonist is tures for peace. Hallam.
verb, something additional to the predication), always active and personal. A man may be our opponent
< ad, to, +
verbum, a woi'd, verb: see verb.'] In in an argument or a lawsuit, our adversary in a game, as 2. Adversity; unprosperousness : as, adverse-
firam., one of the indeclinable parts of speech: chess, our antagonist in a wrestling- or boxing-nnitch, or ness of circumstances.
other occasion of strenuous exertion : the choice between adversifoliate (ad-ver-si-fo'U-at), a. [< L. ad-
so called from being ordinarily joined to verbs the three words depends chiefiy upon the measure of ac-
lor the pm'pose of limiting or extending their tivity involved. In the Bible, adversary covers the mean-
versus, opposite, -I- folium, leaf, -I- -ate^.] In
signification, but used also to qualify adjectives ing of all five words. bot., having opposite leaves: applied to plants
and other aidverbs : as, I readili/ admit ; you I will be . . . an adversary to thine adversaries. where the leaves are arranged opposite to each
speak wi-iely; very cold; naturally brave; very Ex. xxiii. 22. other on the stem.
generally acknowledged; much more clearly. He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and a. [As ad-
adversifolious (ad-ver-si-fo'li-us),
Adverbs may be classified as follows (1) Adverbs of place :
sharpens our skill. Our antagonist is our helper. as adversifoliate.
versifoU-ate + -ous.] Same
and motion, as here, there, up, out, etc. (2) Of time and Burke, Rev. in France.
adversiont (ad-ver'shgn), . [< L. adversio(n-),
succession, as now, then, often, ever, etc. (3) Of manner In the Socratic way of dispute you agree to everything a turning to, < advertcre, pp. adversus, turn to:
and quality, as so, thus, well, truly, faithfully, etc. (4) Of your opponent advances. Addison, Spectator, No. 239.
measure and degree, as much, more, very, enough, etc. (5) see advert.] AtteuHon; perception.
Of modality, as surely, not, perhaps, therefore, etc. Often If they are spared by the humanity of the enemy and The soul bestoweth her adversion
aiilircviated adv. carried from the field, it is but a prolongation of torment. On something else.
R. Hall, Mod. Infidelity. Dr. n. More, Phil. Poems, p. 294.
adverbial (ad-ver'bi-al), a. [< L. adverbialis,
iadrerbium, adverb: "see adverb.] 1, Pertain- Those who are national or political enemies are often adversity (ad-ver'si-ti), n.; pi. adversities {-tiz).
Crabb.
ing to, or having the character or force of, an private
friends.
[< ME. adversite, < OP. adversiteit. adversittt,
adverb.
2. Much inclined to use adverbs;
No man's liefects sought they to know aversitet, < L. adversita{t-)s, < adversus, adverse:
So never m.ade themselves a/oc. Prior, Epitaph.
given to limiting or qualifying one's state- see adverse, a.] 1. Adverse fortune or fate: a
ments. [Bare.] adversaryt (ad'ver-sa-ri), v. t. [< adversary, a.] condition or state marked by misfortune, calam-
He is also wonderfully adverbial in his expressions, and To antagonize oppose. ity, distress, or unhappiness. ;

breaks otf with a " Perhaps " and a nod of the head upon To give any retorting accounts of the principal persons Sweet are the uses of adversity,
matters of the most inditterent nature. Taller, Ko. 191. who thus adrer.mried him. C. Mather, Mag. Chl'is., ii. 12. Wliich, like the toad, ugly an^ venomous.
Adverbial modality (of a proposition), in logic, modal- Wears yet a precious jewel in his head.
ityexpressed by an adverb as, offenses necessarily come :
adversationt (ad-ver-sa'shon), n. [< L. adver- Shak., As you Like it, ii. 1.
:

opposed to nominal mudalil)/, wliich is expressed by an satio(n-),<.a(trersari, pp. adversatus, oppose : see
adjective as, it is necessary tliat offenses should come. The
state of being adverse; ad-
2. An
unfortunate event or circumstance an ;
:
adverse, v.] ill chance a misfortune or calamity generally
Adverbial phrase, or adverb-phrase, a collocation of verseness ; opposition hostility. ;
; :

two or more woi-ds in a sentence having conjointly the in the plm-al.

grammatical force of an adverb. The most distinct ad- adversative (ad-ver'sa-tiv), a. and n. [< LL. Ye have this day rejected your God, who himself saved
verbial phrases consist of a preposition and a noun or a adversativus. < adversaiiis, pp. of adversari, op- you out of ail your adversities. 1 Sam. x. 19.
word used as a noun, with or without adjuncts, as on the pose: see adverse, v.] l.a. 1. Expressing ilififer-
whole, ill rerji deed, by the way, by chance, of eotirse. In = Syn. Trouble, distress, misery, disaster, woe, ill luck.
this dictionary many such phrases in common use are de- enee, contrariety, opposition, or antithesis as, :
advert (ad-verf), V. [< ME. adverten, averten,
fined under their principal words. Many elliptical phrases an adversative conjunction. In the sentence, he is < OF. avertir, Isbter advertir, "to inform, eerti-
without a preposition are in reality adverbial, but are not an honest man, Init a fanatic, but has an adversative force,
and is called an adversative conjunction, and the whole fie,advertise," etc. (Cotgrave), < L. advertcre,
usually treated as such : as, he goes tnere even/ day ; this
is nmny times larger than that. Some phrases have been proposition is called an adversative proposition. earlier advortcre, turn toward ; animum adver-
jnade compound adverbs by coalescence, as indeed, per- 2t. Of adverse nature ; inimical. tcre (see animadvert), or simply advertcre, tur
 ;; :; ; . ;:

88 advised
advert
His Ma*^, being advertix'd of some disturbance, forbore [The Armada]
is sailed.
the mind toward, advert to, notice, regard < Our last advices so report.
to go to the Lord Maiors shew and feast appointed ne.\t
;

ad, to, +
vertere, earlier tortere, turn: see ver- day. Evelyn, Diary, Oct. 28, 1662. Sheridan, The Critic, ii. 2.

tex, vortex, terse, etc. Cf. advertise.'] I. vi-

attention;
One does not need to advertise tlie squirrels
trans. 1. To tnm the miud; fix the nut-trees are. Lowell, Among my
give or pay heed: with to, and sometimes j>oh, 3. To give infonnation to the public concern-
hefore the object of attention. ing; make public intimation or announcement
He was so strangely adrisable that lie would advert unto of by publication in periodicals, by printed
the judgement of the meanest pei-son. as of anything for sale, lost or found,
^ Hammond. bills, etc.,
'
Bp. Fell, Life of
a meeting, an entertainment, or the like.
where the Specifically
4. In com., a notification by one
Books, 2d ser., p. 127. person to another in respect to a business trans-
action iu which they are mutually engaged, as
information given by one party to another, by
letter, as to the bills or drafts drawn upon him
foi'mal oflicial notice. To take advice, to consult
with others specifically, to consult one who has a special
;

As I cannot be conscious of what I do not perceive, so I knowledge of a subject take the opinion of a profes-;

do not perceire that which I do not

advert upon. That It [the Caniival] was advertised to begin at halt past two siunal orskilled person, as a physician, lawyer, or the like.
which makes me feel makes me odiert o'clock of a certain Saturday. = Syn. 1. Admonition, recommendation, exhortation, per-
W. Wotlaslon, Religion of >ature, ii. H, James, Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 113. suiision.
3, Intelligence, Tidings, etc. (see jicmvj), word,
inform. 3. To make known, an- notification.
Even these primaeval mountains =Syn. 2. To apprise,
Teach the adverting mind. nounce, proclaim, promulgate, publish. advice-boat (ad-vis'bot), n. A STtift vessel
SItelley, Mont Blanc, iv.
To take note; take heed; employed for earrj-iug despatches or informa-
n. intratis. If.
2.To turn the attention in speech or writing consider. tion, or for reconnoitering.
make a remark or remarks (about or in relation (ad-%'u'), r. t. [Later form of aview,
Not advertising who speaketh the words, but rather ad'Vie'Wt
to) : with to, and formerly
sometimes on or upon, what is said, /"n!/!, Disput. Purg.(1829), p. 83. (X.E.D.) nith restored prefix rf-: see (U'i'cK;.] Same as
before the subject of remark: as, he adverted 2. To make public announcement of anything
avieic.
(ad-'vi-zar-'biri-ti), n. [< advisable
briefly to the occurrences of the day. of which it is desired to inform the public an- advisability ;

the argu- nounce one's wishes or intentions by advertise- see -hilittj.]

The quality of tjeing advisable or
I will only adtxrt to some leading points of
Emerson, Am. civilization. advisableuess ; expediency.
jaent. ment: as, to advertise for something that is expedient;
Advtrt (to). Refer (}o). JHH<fe(to), Hi/iif (at), re Mr. Benjamin Allen was holding a hurried consultation
=Syn. 2. wanted with Mr. Bob Sawyer on the advisability of bleeding the
rntaa;."v??t1uS.^-f
animadvert (upon). ^ort^ilrf .^^ruse^^'o^f advertisement (ad-v6r'tiz-ment or ad-ver-tiz' company generally. Dickem, Pickwick.
the speaker in the conduct of his discourse. Advert, to ment), n. [Early mod. E. also advertizement, <
advisable (ad-'vi'za-bl), a. [< atlvise -aide.] +
turn to a thing directly and plainly, perhaps abruptly, so M. advertisement, avertisement, < OF. advrr-
1. Proper to be advised ; prudent; expedient;
that the hearer's attention is fixed upon it for a time. tissement, avertisseiiient, < avertir see adverti.se
Refer implies a lighter treatment than advert. Allude,
:
proper to be done or practised.
to' play upon, is a still more delicate reference to some-
&nd.-ment.] If. Attention; observation; heed. Some judge it advisable for a man to account with his
thing that is well enough known to make an allusion 2t. Instruction; warning; intelligence. lieart every day; and this, no doubt, is the best and surest
suflicient, or is too much a matter of sensitiveness to per- advertisement to a proper maid ... to take course. .South, Sermons.
advert, or even refer, to it plainly
That is an
mit the speaker to
heed. Shak., All's Well, iv. 3. 2. Open to or desirous of advice ; capable of
for these or other reasons, the mention is slight or indefi-
nite. A still lighter reference is expressed by Ai;i( (at). Tot this advertisement is five days old. being influenced by advice. [Rare.]
Shak., 1 Hen. IV., iii. 2. Pray for an advisable and teachable temper.
See hint, v.
tVesley, in Four Cent, of Eng. Letters, p. 231. (.V. E. D.)
When ... a well-dressed gentleman in a well-dressed 3. A giving of notice or information ; notifica-
=
company can advert to the topic of female old age with- tion; specific inteUigenee about anything: as, Syn. 1. i^it, desirable, wise, best.
out exciting, and intending to excite, a sneer. Lamb. '
advisableness(ad--si'za-bl-nes),)i. The quality
a publisher's advertisement prefixed to a book
I proceed to another affection of our nature which bears
stroug testimony to our being bom for religion. I refer
(as part of it). [Now rare.] 4.
notice or of being advisable or expedient ;
A ad\-isability.
In an advisable
an annotineement made public by handbill, pla- advisably
(ad-vi'za-bli), adv.
to the emotion which leads us to revere what is higher niaiuier; with advice.
than ourselves. C/ianning, Perfect Life, p. 11. card, or similar means, or, as formerly, liy pro-
(ad-vi'za-to-ri), o. Pertaining to
There is one Principle of the Gospel, which constitutes clamation, as by a town crier; specifically, a ad'Visatory
ad^^se^, or to the gi\ing of advice ; advis-
its very essence, to which I have not even alluded. paid notice of any kind inserted in a news- an
Channing, Perfect Life, p. 273. ing; adrisory. [Rare.]
paper or other public print.
And one, in whom all enl fancies clung Though in recent times Church dignitaries do not ac.
[The band) with noisy advertisement, by means of brass, lively participate in war. yet their advisatory function re-
Like 8cri>ent eggs together, laughingly
Would hint at worse in either. wood, and sheepskin, makes the circuit of our startled specting it often prompting rather than restraining
Tennyson, Enoch Arden. village streets. Lowell, Introd. to Biglow Papers, 1st ser. lias not even now ceased.
known //. Spencer, Prin. of .'iociol., 492.
Announcements in the public journals as ncf rcr-
n.t trans. 1. To turn the mind or attention
tisements appeared while journalism was in its infancy. pp. advised, ppr. pret. and
ad'Vise (ad--\-iz'), r. ;
to ; take note of ; observe. Am. Cyc., I. 137.
advisinii. [Early mod. E. also advice, advji.^e,
Adcertinrj his father's dear-bought experience.
'Wai/ntaffe, Vind. Carol, Int., p. 12. (A'. E. D.)
5. A bringing into public notice or attention avizc, < late ME. advysen, earlier avisen, < OF.
publicity; notoriety. aviscr, rarely adviser, F. aviser Pr. Sj>. Pg. =
2. To advise, warn, or counsel.
All these matters have given the federation great ad- avi.'<ar =
It. avvisarc, < ML. ndrisare, advise, in-
1 can no more, but in iny name, advert vertisement. A'. A. Iti-v., C.KLIII. 2'2U.
form, give notice to ; from the noun, ML. ad-
All earthly powers beware of tyrant's heart.
Mir. for Mags., p. 442. Often abbreviated
ad., adv., or advt. risiim, OF. avis, etc.: see adiicc.] I. trans. If.
Foreclosure by advertisement. See forcdom re. To look at ; -s-iew.
advertence (ad-ver'tens), n. [< ME. advertence,
n. advertiser (ad'vcr-ti-zer or ad-v6r-ti'z6r), They advised you well and their eie was never olf, won-
adrtrttn.i, Oh\ advertence, earlier avcrtancr. One wlio or that which advertises.
< dering to see your rich purple robes.
< ML. advertentia, < L. adverten(i-)s : see adver- Holland, tr. of I'lutanb's .Mor., p. 96. (.V. E. II.)
advertising (ad'ver-ti-zing or ad-v6r-ti'zing,
tent.] A
turning or directing of the mind ; at- fonuerly jul-ver'tiz-ing), n. [Formerly also 2. give coiuiscl to offer an opinion to, as
To ;

tention; notice; consideration; heed; refer-

If. Noti- worthy or expedient to be followed as, I ad-
advcrti-inf/; -verhiiin. ot advertise.] :

ence. fication; information. 2. The act or practice rise you to bo cautious of speculation. 3. To
.Such a process cf reasoning is more or less implicit, and recommend as wise, prudent, etc. suggest as
of bringing anj'thing, as one's wants or one's ;

without the direct and full a<fi>er(enc of the iiihiil exer.

cialuK it. J. //. Newman, Oram, of Assent. business, into public notice, as by paid an- the proper com-so of action as, under these :

Gmlwin writes, with advertence to the days of

.
nouncements in periodicals, or by hanilbills, circumstances wo advise abstinence.
. .

Queen Elizabeth, that, etc. /'. Hall, Mod. Eng. placards, etc.: as, to secure custonicrs by ad- I'll do what Jlead and Cheselden advise,

Often used attributively: as, an of/- To keep these limbs and to preserve these eyes.
vertisinfi.
advertency (ad-vtr' ten-si), H. [As advertence Pupe, Iniit. Hor.icc, 1. i. .II.

The aft or habit of being advertent vcrtisint) agent ; an advertisintj scheme ; an

ad-
fcfi; -rncii. ]
4. To
give infoi-mation to conmiunicate no- ;

or atlintive ; attentiveness ; heedfulness. vertising medium.

tice to make acquainted with followed by ()/" :

advertising (ad'ver-ti-zing or ad-v6r-ti'zing,

;

advertent (ad-vfcr'tent), a. [< L. adverten(t-)s.

Attentive; before the thing coiiiiiiunicated as, the iner- :

of udrertere, aclvert: see advert.] Atten- I'oniicrly nil-vcr'tiz-ing), p. a. If.

|i|.r. <'hants were iidvi.'icil o/tlie risk.
tive ; heedful. adverting; giving attention.
So soon as 1 shall return to the settled country, I shall
Adrerlent lest he should be deceived.
An 1 was then advise you (/ it. Monroe, in Bancroft's Hist. Const., I. 4fi2.
Sir^f. Hale, Wisdom nf fiod. and holy to .voilr IniKiness,
Adverlisiii'i,
>ot chnngiiig heart with habit. I am ullll -Syn. 2. To counsel, admonish, suggest (to), rcconimenil
adv. In an ud- (lo), 4. to iiifonn. apprise, acipmiiit,
advertently (ad-vi'-r'tent-li), Attorney'd at your service!. .Slnil.., .M. for M., v. 1.

vcrteut luuuner; with direct attention or inten- II. intrnns. If. To deliberate take thought; ;

2. Oiving public notice; ]iubli.>iliingadvertiKe-

tion. consider; reflect: sometimes usivl rctlc.\ivcly.
inciits: advirtisiiHi public.
lis, till'
Ailrise, and see what answer I shall return to hini that
ImprcMlon produced on the mind Is altogether dif-
I'h'?
ferent, nii'l that which Lord Macaulny adverlenilt/ avoliletl
advice (ml-vis';, n. [Kaily moil. E. also ad- sent me. 2 Sam. xxlv. l.'t.
vi.ie, < lato Ml'!, advyse, ailvys, carMc: aru.i,avis,
I'

ii.iiv.yiMi-. Hall, False Advise Ihysil i>t whnl wi'vd I uliall bring again to him
I'. I'lillc.l., p. .).

< OF.avis (F. avis l'r. r'(.s=p. I'(J. aviso = = Unit sent inc. 1 Chron. xxl. 12.
advertise (n'Vvi'r-tiz or ad-v^r-ti/.', formerly
It. avviso), < ML. advi.mm, view, opinion, ncut. .Advise you what you say ; the minister Is here.
nd-vir'liz;, r. ; j.n (. and pp. advertised. y\iT. aa- .Shak.. T. N., iv. -'.

l. also advertize, < AIK. adver-

I-;,
pp. of advidere, look to, advise, <.\j. ad, to, -I-
The mod. siiclliiit; has couiisol; .ioin others in deliberating:
Tot like

rWf'CC, boo: nvorision. 2.

fM'. -ijur-n, < OF. adverliss; avertins-,
ail-restored for einiiir "-, and -v t'nr iiiiiier seek the iidvice <d' niiotlicr iir olhers: followed
bax' pnrtu nf atlrrrlir, arrrlir, mod.
V.
1

' and orig. -.v.] 1. An opinion reciiiiiinciiiled, or by villi : as, 1 shall ailrisr with friends as my
'
warn. adiiioniHli, < Jj.
to what is to 1)0 done.
olTcred, as worthy to bo followed ; counsel
.

;
ad<. it, 'IMif Huflix -i.se Iiiis
HiiggeHtion. .4ifi-ijri;t(/ vith me ofU>n as to projected chnngos, bIio
the
.k uholish, poliult, ravish, was Hoinellnu'S more ronscrvatlve than myself.
etc.) L trant. i,\. 'I'o toko note of ; notice What adviee give ye 7 2 Cliri.n. x. (p.
//. .lames, Jr., Pass. I'llgriln. p. 134.
olworvo. 2. Deliberate consideration; reflection; cogi- 3. To counsel; give advice: as, 1 will act as
Vrl tation.
l Hint it In In diusn rctpt la that you advise.
^
i

Uiey "'
And that's not midilenly to lio porform'd, Advise and Itx derivatives have been useil by old wrltcirc
I
. u- I If, ,. JM, (\ /;. /),) Hut witli advice and silent msTccy. III a iinniher of other applications connected with the no-
To Shak.. 2 Hen. VI., II. 2.
tloiiM of seeing, viewing, relh-cting, et(\, suggested liy the
8. i. or iiitdlli-I .

gence I" Hciit cviiit, or

I
3. Infonnation notice ;
int^dligenco com- elyioiilogy.l
; ;

of nonnlii fuLu tut, I uiivorlUcd him of mnnlcation, oHpociolly from a distance, con- advised fad-vi/.d'), ;i. ((. It. Cautions; pni-
my intrn'i taining infonnation as, to receive advice of a ilcnt noting with deliberation.
:
;

I ni a<fr, 'u Ih"'' wliat thU people will III to tliy eoiiiiiig Htorm, or n</i'ic(.i from abroad. [Mont Willi the well advised Is wlBiloin. Prov. xlll. 10.
pcwiplf In th UtUr day* Nun iilv. 14. coiiiinonly in tlio |iliiral.] Lotlilmbo. . . odituicdln hlsanswora. Zlacon, Kssays.


advised 89 adynamia
cause seems commonly the better that has the
S. Marked by or resulting from advice or delib- advocatress (ad ' vo - ka - tres),
'I'hat n. [< advocator,
better ad yoca(c. Sir W. Temple, Miscellanies.
eration; considerate or considered; prudent; q.v.,+ -(.s.s; pToh. after advocatricc.} Afemale
expedient: now used chiefly in composition This is the mode of the advocate rather than of the advocate an advocatrix or advocatess.
;
critic. Whipple, Ess. and Bev., II. 138.
with well or ill: as, a well-advised movement; advocatricet (ad'vo-ka-tris), n. [ME. advoca-
very ill-advised. Advocate of the church (ML. advocatus ecclesta-), a
OF. ML.
your conduct is person, usually a layman, appointed, according to a cus-
tricc, < lulvocatricc, < advocatrix, ace.
We liave no express purpose . . . nor any advised de- tom originating in tlic Iltth century, to protect the ]>rop- advocatricem : see advocatrix.} An advocatrix.
terniiiuition. Hooker, Works, I. 49. crty of a churcii or an atibey, to plead its causes in the Swich an advocatrice who can dyvyne
(ad-vi'zed-li), adv. With advice or civil couits, and to manage its temporal affairs. Devil's our greeves to redresse.
advisedly advocate (ML. advocatus diaholi). () In the Horn. Cath.
. . .

Chaucer, Slother of God, L 40,

deliberation; heedfuUy; i)urposeIy; by design: Ch., a name commonly applied to the promoter of the
The emperour reioysed to him selfe, that Cinna had
as, I speak advisedly ; an enterprise adcisedly faitli, one of the college of consistorial advocates in the
founde siich an advocatrice.
undertaken. papal court, fromhis otficeof urging the objecti<ins against
Sir T. Elyot, Tlie Governour, iL 7.
state of The the virtues, miracles, etc., of aperson iiropnscd foi- ratmn-
advlsedness (ad-vi'zed-nes), n.
ization. Hence (b) One given to briii^'iiii; foiwanl anu- advocatrixt (ad'v6-ka-triks), n. [ML., fem. of
being advised deliberate consideration ; pru- sations against personal character. Faculty Of Advo-
;
LL. advocator, advocate: see advocator.} A
dent procedure. cates, in Scotland, a society consisting of the whole Ijody
female advocate; an advocatress. [Rare.]
ME. of lawyers who practise in the highest courts, and wlio are
advisement (ad-viz'ment), n. [< avise-
advocatus Dei (ad-vo-ka'tus de'i). [ML.]
ment, < OF. avisement =
Pr. arisament Pg. = admitted members after following a certain course of
study, undergoing the prescribed examinations, and pay- Same as Go(V8 advocate (which see, under ad-
avisamento =
It. arrisaincnto ; from the verb: ing the requisite fees. It consists of about 400 members,
vocate).
see advise and -meni.2 If. Coimsel ; advice. and from this body vacancies on the bench are supplied.
I will, according to your advisement, declare the evils
God's advocate (ML. advocatus Dei), in the Rom. Cath. advocatus diaboli (ad-vo-ka'tus di-ab'o-li).

which seem most hurtful. Spenser, State of Ireland.

Ch., the procurator of the cause in a canonization, regu- [ML.] Same as devil's advocate (which see,
larly one of the same order or country as the person under advocate).
2. Deliberation; circumspection; consultation: to be canonized. See devil's advocate, above. Judge- advoket (ad-v6k'), v. t. [< L. advocare, summon,
now used chiefly in the phrase under advisement. advocate, a pterson, generally a military officer, detailed
by the authority appointing a court martial or military call to: see advocate, i.] To transfer; rele-
Among those that do things with advisement there
all commission to prosecute cases before it and to act as its gate ; specifically, call to a higher court.
is wisdom. Prov. xili. 10 (trans. 1539). legal adviser. It is, in general, the duty of the judge-ad-
Queen Katharine had privately prevailed with the Pope
I have not decided against a proclamation of liberty to vocate to see that the court conforms to the law and to
to advoke the cause to Rome. Fuller, Ch. Hist., 1. 48.
the slaves, but hold the matter under advisement. military custom, to secure for the accused his rights before
Lineoln, in Haymond, p. 215. the court, to summon witnesses, and to administer oatlis. 11. [< late ME. advou-
advoutert (ad-vou'ter),
adviser (ad- vi'z6r), . [< odrise -t- -cT-l. Cf. Judge-advocate general, (a) In the United States ter, advoutour, advoutre (also advow-), earlier
anny, a staff-officer with the rank of brigadier-general,
ML. advisor.'} One who gives advice or ad- who is also chief of the bureau of military justice, and avouter, avoutere, avoutier (also avow-), < OF.
monition also, in a bad sense, one who insti-
; whose duty it is to receive, revise, and record the proceed- avoutre, aoutre, ea.r'iieT avoltre, avultre, later ad-
gates or persuades. Specifically, in politics, one of ings of all courts martial, courts of inquiry, and military
commissions, (b) In England, formerly, an official who
voultre, =
Pr. avoutre, avoutro, < L. adulter, an
the counselors or ministers about a ruler, who may or may adulterer: see advoutrer (with additional suf-
not be legally responsible for their superiors official acts. prosecuted in all criminal cases falling under military law
which concerned the crown ; now, a subordinate member fix), and the later substituted forms adidtcr, n.,
In the United .States government the official advisers of
the President are the heads of the various departments, of the government who acts as the legal adviser of the and adidterer.} An adulterer.
collectively called the Cabinet. He requests their opin- croAvn in all matters of military law. Lord advocate, advoutrert (ad-vou'trfr), n. [< late ME. ad-
ions in accordance with custom, but not through any pro- in Scotland, the principal crown counsel in civil rausi tlie .s,
voutrer, advouttri r, (iilvimterere (also advow-),
vision of the Constitution. In England, until the middle chief public prosecutor of crimes, and an inipnitaiit pnliti-
cal functionary in the management of Scottisli allairs. earlier avoutrer, uvontcrcr, avouterere (also
of the seventeenth century, the Privy Council formed the
King's executive advisers. This body, greatly enlarged, is His tenure of office ceases witli that of the administration avow-), < advouter, avouter, -er^. See the +
now summoned in full only upon extraordinary occasions, with which he is connected. He is assisted in the dis- later substituted form adulterer.} An adul-
and the ordinary advisers of the crown are those members charge of his duties by the solicitor-general and four advo-
terer.
of the ministry who constitute the Cabinet, which is in cates depute, appointed by himself. The lord advocate
The responsi- has usually a seat in Parliament, and before the union advoutresst (ad-vou'tres), n. [Early mod. E.
effect a committee of the Privy Council.
bility rests with the ministry, and not with the sovereign. he had ex officio a seat in the Scots Parliament. He is advoutresse, -trice, < ME. avoutres, avoutresse
See cabinet, and privy council, under council. also called crown advocate, queen's (or king's) advocate. (also avow-), <0F. avoutresse, avotresse, <. avou-
advisership (ad-\i'zer-ship), n. The ofSee of advocate (ad'vo-kat), v. ;
pret.and pp. advo- tre, an adulterer (see advouter), -esse, E. -ess. +
an adviser. [Rare.] cated, ppr. advocating. [< L. advocatus, pp. of See the later substituted form adulteress.} An
advising (ad-\i'zing), . Advice; counsel. advocare : see advocate, n. In the sense of act '
adulteress.
Fasten your ear on my advisinps. Sha/c., M. for If., iii. 1.
as an advocate,' the verb is from the noun.] I, advoutroust (ad-vou'trus), a. [< late ME. ad-
trans. If. To invoke. voutrous, < advouter +-ous. See the later sub-
advisot (ad-vi'z6), n. [With orig. ad- for a-, [The mercy of God] is not to be advocated upon every
< Sp. Pg. aviso =zlt. avviso: see advice.} 1. stituted form adulterous.} Adulterous.
vain trifle. Bp. Andreses, Sermons, \. 534.
Advice ; suggestion ; information given : as, advoutryt (ad-vou'tri), n. [Early mod. E. ad-
" counsels and advisos," Jniitlock, Manners of 2. To plead in favor of ; defend by argument voutry, -trie, -tery, advoultry, etc., < ME. avou-
before a tribunal ; support or vindicate.
English, p. 176.
2. .An advice- or despatch-
Tlais is the only thing distinct and sensible which has
irie, avoivtrie, avutry, -trie, -terye, etc., also
avowter, < OF. avoutrie, avouterie, earlier aou-
boat; an aviso. been advocated. Burke, itef. of Representation.
advisory (ad-vi'zo-ri), a. [< advise -ory.} + The most eminent orators were engaged to advocate his
terie, aultcrie (< L. as if "adulteria, f.), also

Pertaining to or giving advice ; having power avoutire, avoutere, avoltere, avultere, < L. adul-
cause. Mitford.
opinion only advisory; an ierium, neut., adultery, < adulter, an adulterer.
to advise as, their
: is
3. In Scots law, formerly, to transfer from an See the later substituted form adtdtery.} AdtU-
advisory council.
inferior court to the Court of Session, as an tery. Also written avowtry.
The powers of both these bodies are merely advisory.
J. Adams, Works, IV. 356. action while still pending, or after judgment A marriage compounded between an advoutry and a
The general association has a general advisory superin- had been given, in order that the judgment rape. Bacon, Hist. Hen. VII.
tendence over all the ministers and churches. might be reviewed. See advocation, 2. = Sjm. 2.
B. Trumbull, Hist. Conn. To plead for, stand up for, favor, uphold. advO'wee(ad-vou-e'),. [Early mod. E. avowee,
< ME. avowe, < OF. avoue, earlier avoe, avoet, <
ad viVTim (ad vi'vum). ad, to; vivum, ace.
[L. : II. intrans. To act as au advocate plead.
advocate
;
L. advocatus, patron, see advocate, n., :
neut. of vivus, alive: see vivid.'] To the life; [Bare.]
and advowson.} In England, one who has the
lifelike ; strikingly exact or good said of por- :
To advocate in my own child's behalf. *
Datvbeny, Hist. Cromwell (1C59), Pref.
right of advowson. So called' originally as being the
traits, etc. advocate, protector, or patron of an ecclesiastical office,
advocacy (ad' v6-ka-si), n. pl.t advocacies (siz).
;
I am not going to advocate for this sense of actual. house, or benefice.
F. Hall, False Philol., p. 75.
[< ME. advocacye, i OF. advocatie, advocacie, ad- advO'WSOn (ad-vou'zn), . [Earlymod. E. also
vocassie, < ML. advocatia, < L. advocatus, advo- advocateship (ad'vo-kat-ship), n. The office advuiv::cn, advouson, < ME. avowson, avoweson,
cate: see advocate, n., and -acy.'] 1. The act or duty of an advocate. avoweisoun,<.AF. advouison, advoweson, advoe-
of pleading for, supporting, or recommending; advocatesst (ad'vo-ka-tes), n. [Improp. < ad- son, OF. avoeson, < L. advocatio(n-), a calling to
active espousal. vocate +
-ess.} A' female advocate. [Rare.] or summoning of legal assistance, hence in ML.
His advocacy or denunciation of a measure is to affect See advocatress. the duty of defense or protection, the right of
for evil or good the condition of millions.
Whipple, Ess. and Rev., I. 193.
God hath provided us of an advocatess [in some editions, presentation, < advocare, call to defend: see ad-
advocatress]. Jer. Taylor, Diss, from Popery, i. S. vocation, and ef. advowee.} If. Originally, the
2t. A lawsuit; a plea or pleading: as, " advo-
advocation (ad-v6-ka'shon), m. [< L. advoca- obligation to defend au ecclesiastical office or
cacies nev/e," Chaucer, TroUus, ii. 1469.
tio{n-), a calling in of legal assistance, legal a religious house. See advocate of the church,
advocate (ad'vo-kat), n. [< ME. advocat, ad-
voket, -ette, earlier avocat, avoTcet, in late ME.
assistance, time allowed for procuring it, any
under advocate. 2. In Eng. law, the right of
kind of delay or adjournment, < advocare, call presentation to a vacant benefice. It was origi-
also clipped vocate, roket, < OF. avocat, later ad- nally vested in the bisliop of tlie diocese, but was often trans-
in legal assistance see advocate, n. See also
:

vocat, F. avocat, vernacular OF. avoet, avoe, ferred to the founder or patron of the church. Advowsons
advowson, which is a doublet of advocation.
avoue (> E. avowee, advowee, q. v.), Pr. avoucat = The fii'st sense of advocation is due to advocate,
are of three kinds, preventative, collative, and donative-:
presentative when the patron presents a clergyman to the
= Sp. abogado =
Pg. advogado It. avvocato, = V.} It. The act of advocating; a pleading for; bishop with a petition tliat he be instituted with the bene-
< L. advocatus, an advocate, attorney, orig. a fice ; collative when the Ijishop is the patron, and both pre-
plea ; apology.
person called by one of the parties in a suit to sents and institutes (or collates) the incumbent: donative
My advocation is not now in tune. Shak., 0th., iii. 4.
when the sovereign, or any subject by his license, having
aid as a witness or counsel, < advocatus, pp. of
advocare, call to, < of?, to, vocare, call, \vox,+ 2. In Scots form of process, now obso- founded a church, appoints its incumbent without any
law, a
reference to the bishop. Advowsons are also appendant,
voice: see voice, vocation.'} 1. One who pleads lete, the object of which was to remove a cause
tirat is, annexed to the possession of a certain manor or ;

the cause of another in a court of law; specif- from an inferior to the supreme court for re- in gross, that is, separated by legal conveyance from the
ically, a lawyer of full rank in a country, or view or continuance. ownership of the manor.
practising before a court, in which the civil or advocator (ad'vo-ka-tor), n. [< LL. advocator, advoyer (ad-voi'er), n. Same as avoyer.
the canon law prevails, as France and Scotland, an advocate, < IJ. advocare: see advocate, n.} advt. A common contraction of advertisement.
and the admiralty and ecclesiastical courts of An advocate a supporter. ;
ad'wardt (ad-ward'), H. and?'. A forced spell-
England.
2. One who defends, vindicates, or The advocators of change in the present system of things.
Brouminfj, Soul's Tragedy, ii. (X. B. D.)
ing of award. Spenser, P. Q., IV. x. 17.
espouses a cause by argument; a pleader in adjrnamia (ad-i-na'mi-a), n. [NL. (>E. adyna-
favor of any person or thing ; an upholder a ; advocatory (ad'vo-ka-to-ri), a. [< ML. advo- mii = F. adynamic), < Gr. aSmaula, weakness,
defender : as, au advocate of peace or of the op- catorius, < LL. advocator: see above.] Of or < aSvva,uoc, weak, < a- priv., 'without, -I- diva/ug,
pressed. pertaining to an advocate or his fimctions. power: see dynamic.} 1r pathoh, weakness;
 ;

adynamia 90 segagrus
want of strength occasioned by disease ; a de- regularly as e in similar positions, that is, secidiospore (e-sid'i-6-sp6r), n. [< NL. (BCidium
ficiency of vital power; asthenia. Also called either e or e often improp. pron. e in all posi-
: + Gr. c-ui>a, seed, spore.] spore produced A
adijnamy. tions. In the Continental pron. of Latin, e or in the tecidiostage of growth of certain para-
adynamic (ad-i-nam'ik), [As adynamia + a. a; in the 'Roman,' iii ori.) A
digi'aph or lig- sitic fungi, distinguished by or peculiar in their
-ic : see a-18 and dynamic.'] 1. In pathoL, of ature appearing in Latin and Latii ized Greek development by a process of abstriction. See
or pertaining to adynamia; characterized by words. In Middle Latin and New Latin it is usually a^cidiostage.
written and printed as a ligatm-e, and sounded like Latin aecidiostage (e-sid'i-6-staj), n. [< NL. a:eidium
or resulting from vital debility asthenic as. ; :

e, with which in Middle Latin it constantly interchanges.

adynamic fevers; an adynamic condition; the In classical Latin it was usually written separately (and
+ E. sttigc] The first of the alternations of
arfi/amio sinking of typhoid fever. 2. laphys., hence usually so printed in modern editions of classical development of numerous fungi of the order
characterized by absence of force. texts), and pronounced probably as a diphthong. In Old Urcdineoe. See Meidium. Also called mcidio-
Same as-adynamia. Latin ai appears instead of ae, and Latin ae, te is the regu- form.
adynamy (a-din'a-mi), n.
lar transliteration of Gr. at, as a^^gis or (Fyi., from Gr. alyiK.
adytt (ad'it), n. Same as adytum. In English words of Latin or Greek origin at* or ce is usually jGcidium
(e-sid'i-nm), n. [NL., < Gr. a'lKia, in-
Bthold, aiuiilst the adyls of our gods, . . . reduced to e, except generally in proper names, as Cce^ai', jm-y. + dim. -tiiov.'] 1 A genus of fimgi, natural .

The i:host5 of dead men howling walk about.
Gf--^nt- and Lodge, Looking Glass for Lond. and Eng.
adytum (ad'i-tum), n.
Gr. a6i<7ov. an adytum, a shrine, a place not to
be entered, neut. of adiTof, not to be entered,
<a- priv. 4- Svrdg, verbal adj. of 6vtiv, enter.]
1. In ancient worship, asacredplace which the
"Worshipers might not enter, or which might be
entered only by those who had performed cer-
tain rites, or only by males or by females, or
only on certain appointed days, etc. also, a
secret sanctuary or shrine open only to the
priests, or whence oracles were delivered;
hence, in general, the most sacred or reser\'ed
part of any place of worship, in Greece an adytum
was usually an inner recess or chamber iu a temple, as in
that of llera at .*^um but it might be an entire temple,
; twelfth century short rt* began to disappeiu", being repre-
as that of Poseidon at Mantinea, or a grove, inclosure, or
cavern, as the sacred inclosure of Zeus on the Lycaean
mount in .\rcadia. The most famous adj'tura of Greece
was the sanctuarj' of the Pythic oracle at Delphi. The
^neas, in words belonging to Roman or Greek antiqui- order Vrcdinca: now believed to be only a sub-
ties, as cetjiji, and modem words of scientific or technical
ordinate stage in the development of the gen-
adyta use, as pyuenoijamous. But the tendency is to reduce
;
pi. (-ta). [L., <
a<? or cE to e in all words not purely Latin or New Latin,
era Uromyces and I'uccinia, though this has
except proper names in their original forms. In some not been demonstrated in regard to all the re-
names of changed form the a has become penuanently puted species.
eliminateti, .is Eoypt, and in some of otherwise unchanged
2. [/. c] pi. (ceidia (e-sid'i-a).
form nearly or (inite so, as Etna. EOdopia. When at rep-
The cup-like organ (pseudoperidium) charac-
teristic of the genus or form. See 2>seiidoperi-
resents the diphthong ce, it should be distinguished from ae
not a diphthong, the latter being commonly marked with dium.
a dieresis, as in aero-, aerial, etc. These (ycf(/iHi-fruits, which arise from the same myce-
ae^. A character in the Anglo-Saxon alphabet lium as the spermogonia, lie at first beneatli the epidermis
; representing a simple vowel, ha\-ing when short of the leaf. Sachs, Botany (traus.), p. '247.
the soimd of English a iu f/lad (a), and when aedes (e'dez), n. pi. wdes. [L., a house, a tem-
;
long the sound of English a in glare, dare, etc. ple: see edify.] 1. In ifom. (7?ig., any edifice,
(a), as commonly pronounced iu the United sacred or profane. Specifically, as distinguished from
States. The form is that of the late Latin ce, whicli had a temple (Jt-mplum), a building set apart for the cult of
a sound nearly the same as simple e (see eel). In the a divinity, but not solemnly consecrated by the augurs.
Thus, the " temple " of Vesta is properly an cedes, and was
sented by a (sometimes by e), without, however, any so termed in antiquity.
appreciable change of sound. Long ce also disappeared, 2. Iu Cliristiaii arch., a chapel.
being regularly replaced by e (long) or ee, with a change
of sound through Middle English e (that is, in modern
asdicula (e-dik'u-la), n. pi. (cdicidcc (-le). [ML., -.

Jewish holy of holies in the temple at Jerusalem may be pronunciation) to modem i (that is, e in modern pronun- dim. of L. cedes: see above.] In Rom. antiq.:
considered as an adytum. The word is also applied some- ciation). Examples are (1) short a?, whence Middle Eng-
: (a) A very small house or chapel. {!>) A shriuo
times to tlie chancel of a Christian church, where the lish and modern English a: as, Anglo-Saxon frhvl, sird, in the form of a small building; a recess iu a
altar stands. <et, hcet, etc., whence Middle English and modern English
longtp, whence Middle EngUsh
wall for an altar or statue.
2. Figuratively, the innermost or least accessi- glad, sad, at, hat, etc. ; (2)
ble part of anything that which is screened ;
e or ee, modern English ee or ea: as, Anglo-Saxon aa-d, Every division of the city had likewise its Lares compi-
rOedan, English seed, rede, se or see, etc.,
sir, etc., ]iliddle tales,now three in number, who had their own cediettla at
from common view ; hidden recess occult ;
modern English seed, read, sea, etc. Before r, long ce has the cross-roads. Eneyc. Brit., XIV. 313.
sense. usually retained its Anglo-Saxon sound (at least in the
Vnited States): as, Anglo-Saxon cer, th^tr, hwaT, h&r, aedile, aedilesliip, etc. See cdilc, etc.
etc., modern English ere, there, tchere, hair. etc. In Brit- aedoealogy (e-de-al'o-ji), . less proper form A
ish works the vowel in these words is usually treated as a of ti dti'otogy.
prolonged "short c" (as in met), or as a slightly modilled
"long a" (as in mate). aedoeology (e-de-ol'p-ji), n. [< Gr. alSoia, the
.^3. The symbol nsed in Lloyd's Register jirivuto parts, -Aoyia, < y^eyew, speak: see +
for third-class wooden and composite ships. -ology.] That part of moiiical science which
This class includes vessels unfit for the conveyance of dry treats of the organs of generation ; also, a trea-
Cooper's Adz. Ship<arpenter's Adz. Railroad Adz.
and perishable goods on short voyages, and of cargoes in tise on or an account of the organs of gener-
their nature subject to sea-dam.age on any voyage. See
ation.
.41, under !.
adz, adze (adz), n. [Early mod. K. ads, adds, The nominative plural termination of Latin aedoeoptosis (e-de-op-to'sis), ?i. [NL.. < Gr.
-ae.
a<ldi.!<, uddis, addice, < ME. adi^, adse, adese, <
and Latinized Greek words in -a (in Latinized (ui)ijia, tlio private parts, + TrriJaic, a falling, <
AS. an adz or
adcsa, -i-Tfiv, fall.] Displacement downward of some
Greek also -f, -as, -es) of the first declension,
ax, a word thought by part of the female genital organs, and also of
feminine, sometimes masculine. This plural ter-
some to be a corrup- mination is sometimes retained in English, as mj'vrmuhv, tlie bladder.
tion of an older *ac- mbiUce, vertehra-, minufiir, etc., in some cases alongside asdoeotomy (6-de-ot'6-mi), n. [< Gr. aiSo'ia, the
irrsa (= Goth, akwisi), of a reguhu- Eni^lish ]ilural, as in formulas, 7}ebutait, etc. private ]iarts, + to/i//, a cutting, < Tifivciv, cut.]
In the formal and technical terminations, -aeece. -ece, -idtr.
the full fonn of cax, l)isseotiou of the organs of generation.
inm, in botany and zoology, -ffi ends the plural names of
irx, a'cs, acas, ONorth. tu'ders, tribes, etc. of plants, and of families and subfami aefauld (a'lVild), a. [Sc. = E. onefold, q. v.]

,

<tcasa,acase,a,\; but iu lies of animals. 1. llouest upright; without duplicity. 2t. ;

the earliest example .Schmophorus (ck-mof 'o-rus), n. [NL. (Cones. Single; characterized by oneness: as, the ae-
adcsa occurs in con- ISO'J), < Or. (uxi'oijxifmi;, one who carries a spear, /((hM Crodhead. Barbour. [Scotch, and rare.]
nection with {CCS as < a'lXI''!, 11 spear, -f- -ipopor, < ijiipeiv = E. ic)'l.J aefauldness (ii'fald-ncs), n. [< Sc aefauld +
a dilTerent word: see -(..] Honesty; uprightuess singleness of ;

"/!.] A cutting-tool heart; freedom from duplicity, [Scotch,]

somewhat like an ax, .ffiga (e'gii), n. [NL. (Leach, 181,'i), < Gr. aii
li\it having the blade ("')-)> goat.] A genus of isopods giving name
jilaced at right angles to the fliniil.V .JigicUv. .!:. psora, known as the salve-
to the handle and bug. is a Ilsb-louse found attjichcd by its sharji claws to cod
:inil balilint. See cut under .talvf-huff.
formed to a curve
nearly corresponding jEaeonichthyinae(e".ii-on-ik-thi-i'ue), n. jd.
to its sweep through [Mj.,< .I'.giciiiiichtliys + -ina'.] A suliflimily
till! air when in use. of iiedieulate fishes, of the family Veratiida:
Tile mnuth is of moderate size the cepliul'ic spine has its
It U iHi'd for dressing tim-
;

basal clement subcutaneous, procumbent, and at an acute

Sootb-Sca ltl.ir.-I Adzo. Irt, anil hiis its cutting edge
or u right angle with the distal elenuMit the second dorsal
ground upon tlie concave
;

H" Th<^ n<\r nV spine is wanting; the body and head are depressed ami tlie
1^ used, thougli rarely, as a weapon mouth Is vertical or inclineil ft)rward, the mandibnlar ar-
;

li^e trltfcM adzcH

hard stone are rf
ticulation being projected forward. The aspect of the fish
I'lnial ue. HoUOW adZ, u tool Is very singula)-.
In chamfering the eld ne of a cask Weilcm Grebe {.^thmopHorttt oetitUntalit).
A fish
I

aegaeonichthyine (o'ji-on-ik'thi-in), i.

chip or
[< adc, n.] To of the siiM'.-niiily .liiinoniclilhi/iiiir.
. r. /.
A genus
of large, long-nocked grebes of Ameri-
.SIgSBonichthys (e*ji-on-il<'iliis), H, [NL.,<Gr.
<i'ly. : 08, to ail: logs or timber.
ca, having the bill extremely long, slender, and
:i.dz-plane (odz'plin), n. A tool adapted for acute, wlieiice tlio name, 'Die type in Ai. occi-
.\i-)aiui', iu myth., a name of Hriareus, also tlie
/Egoiin sea, 4- i\tHc, a tish.] Tlie lypieal genus
diiitiilis, kniiwn ns tlio western grebe.
of pediciilalo fishes of tliesulifaiiiily y7',y/rt'oi(7i-
Secidia, ". I'lnrnl of aridium, '2.
thtfimr. lint, une species Is Known, appelli, occurring ./-.'.

secidial (e-sid'i-al), , Kelating or pertaining 111 Ibe deep sea near New Zealand.
to .-Kcidiiim (which see). as ayagrus.
aegagre (u-gag'ro), . Same
A monoin-aph by Von Thiimen contains an nceomil aegagri, .
. . .
I'lural of a'gagms.
of the ccaduU forins atliicklng ConireriD, and liicluiles ii

number of upcclcs found in (be t'nited HIaleii. segagropila (e-ga-grop'i-l'ii), .; pi. wgagropilo!
Smilhtumail Itrp., 18*), p. :i;:i. (-le). |NI.,., < Gr. ai)ii-)i}nl: the wild goat (soo

secidioform fe-Hid'i-o-fc'ynn), n. [< NL, (rciditim

iigniirii.H), + L. jiilri. a bull (or pilus, hair).] A
liall ot hair I'oiiiid in llii' sloniacli of some rumi-
I
! Hiclmn of Wofk. form. +
Haino as (rdV/iVM<?c.
1,, ^/ri(/, 1
nating <{niidriipeds. as Ihe goat.
in panel-work by
.cidiomycetB (e-Hid 'i-o-mi-Bo'if-/,), n. /)^
iiMeil
l.Mj.,< .1 iiiliinn + Gr. /il^to/rrr, pi. of fiin'/i-, u aegagropile
(e-.gag'ro-iiil), . Same as wgagro-
minute jiaru- I'dii. Also contriiet-eil ngmpilc,
' rH,
=
K.
iiiiiHlironiM,
ie) tor
fungiiH.] A group nf
fungi, each species of which exists in at aegagrus (t'-gag'nis), . pi. miagri {-n).
>.',
Hilic
[L., < ;

1 f>ne.
least two forms, iisuiiUy very unlike. To thin
dr. oi}o;/ir, ihe wild t;onl, nif (()-), goat, + <J

-, .- pron. '
:. d out,
r, 1 . .
, . -

uroiip lieliiuK many nuU, bllghlt, aiid iiilldowa which in "J/"'C. field, Hyiiio;, wild.] A wild goat, supposed
i-e ; In wunls, t. or L., aocortlingto the K. prou. Imt cultivated planta. to be tbo species now known to inhabit the
 : ;

tegagrus 91 .Sgithalinae
moimtains of the Caucasus, Persia, etc., the segialitid (e-ji-a-lit'id), n. A beetle of the fam- cient sculptures discovered in Ibll on the i.sland of ^Egina,
which originally decorated the temple of Athena. They
paseug or pasing of the Persians, and the wild ily AigialitUia-'.' date from about 47.'i B.C., and, althouj^h in general true
stock of most if not all of the breeds of the do- to nature, their faces bear that forced smile which cluirac-
mestic goat. It is the Capra hirciis of Linnieus, C. cefj^- terizes the portrayal of the human subject in all early
grus of Cimelin and I'allaa, C. caucaiica of H. Smith, and Greek art. These sculptures are now the most notable
ornament of the Glyptothck at Mmiich.
II. 11. An inhabitant of iEgina.
.SIginetic (e-ji-net'ik), a. [< Gr. Alyivr/Tindr,
pertaining to Alyiva, .^giua.] iEginetan; re-
sembling >33ginetan work.
The coinage of Locris, Phocis, and Bceotia is entirely on
the JCginetic standard. Encyc. Brit., XVII. 642.
.Xginidae (e-jin'i-de),
71. pi. [NL.,< JEgina, 1,+
-idw.] A family of
Trachymedusiv, typified by
the genus JEg'ma, containing craspedote aca-
lephs with a hard discoidal umbrella, pouch-
like enlargements of the digestive cavity, and
the eireidar vessel usually reduced to a row of
cells: related to Geri/oniida! a.ni\ 'I'ruchijncmidoe.
The order to which the jEgirntlir pertain is called llgdro-
mcdvsce, Haplomurpha, aTjd l.y i.tliir naiiies ; it i.i that in
winch their no hydriform trophoaome, the medusje de^
IS
veil. j.iiiu' directly from the
ovum.
Ringed Plover {Algiatites hiaticula). .SIgiothus (e-ji'o-thus), n. [NL., < Gr. a'tyloBor,
also alyiOoi;, and later aiyivdoe;, a bird, perhaps
.Sgialitidae (e"ji-a-lit'i-de), n.pl. [NL.,< ^(/irt- the hedge-sparrow.] The redpolls or redpoll
lites, 2, -t- -/(te.] A
family of heteromerous linnets, a notable genus of Fringillida:, founded
coleopterous insects, having the anterior coxal by Cabanis in 1851. There are several species, of
Wild Goat Capra agagrus'). cavities closed behind, the tarsal claws simple, Europe, Asia, and North America ; the common redpoll is
(

and six ventral segments, the last two being jE. llnariu; the mealy redpoll is jE. cantiscena. They are
Sircus cetjagrvs of J. E. Gray. J. F. Brandt asserts that closely united and small finches, chiefly boreal in ilistribution, streaked with
this is incontestably and e.xclusively the source of the do-
the first two connate. J. dusky and ila.xen brown and white, the males with crim-
mestic goat. In fact, the name (eaat/nta may have been L. Lc Conte, 18G2. son poll and rosy breast. .See cut uiuler redpoll.
applied sometimes to goats run wild, and tlie Capra ceffa- iBgiceras (e-jis'e-ras), n. [NL., < Gr. ntf (ai;--), .S^pan (e'ji-pan), n. [L., < Gr. A'ly'mav, < al^
jjr-Wj of both G. and F. Cuvier, the bezoai'-goat, ascribed to
Persia and the Alps, is said to have been merely the do-
a goat, -t- Kf'paf, a horn: see Cerastes.'] A ge- (aiy-), goat, +
Ilav, Pan.] 1. An epithet of
mestic goat run vfild. The celebrated Angora goat may
nus of plants consisting of a single species, the god Pan, having reference to his goat-like
have been derived from a different species or variety, JE. majus, belonging to the natural order Myrsi- lower limbs, short horns, and upright pointed
Capra falcoiien, originating in central Asia. The goat or nacew. it is a shrub or small tree, found on the swampy ears, the other jiortions of his body being like
legagrus in all its varieties is closely related to the ibe.x,
shores of the East Indies and Australia. Its seeds germi- those of a man. See Diopan, and also satyr and
Cajn-a ibex^ which, however, is a distinct species. In thenate while still on the tree, and send down perpendicular
stomach and intestines of the goat, as in those of other ar-
roots into the mud, thus fonuing impenetrable thickets,
faun.
2. In entom., a genus of orthopterous
tiodactyls, are found the concretions called hezoar-atoiies.
which constitute the only vegetation for miles along some insects, of the family Locustidm. Scudder, 1877.
Also written cefjagre. coasts, particularly of Sumatra. eegirine (e'ji-rin), n. Same as agirite.
Whether the Capra cegagrus or the Capra ibex should be segid (e'jid), n. An
isopod of the family JEgidw. aegirite (e'ji-rit), n. [< JSgir, the leel. god of
regarded as the stock of the domesticated goat of Europe
has long been a question among naturalists the weighty
.gid% (e'ji--de), n. pi. [NL., < -id<v.'\ Mga + the sea (or jEgirust), + -ite'^.'] mineral oc- A
arguments which may be drawn from the character of the
;

family of A
isopod crustaceans, typified by the curring in greenish-black prismatic crystals,
wild species which was contemporary with the Bos pHrni- genus ^ga, having all the segments beyond isomorphous with pyroxene. It is a bisilicate of
genius . [are] shown ... to be in favor of Capra
. .
the head distinct, and no operculum closing iron sesquioxid, iron protoxid, lime, and soda, found iu
cegagrus. Otven.
the branchial chamber. Norway, and also at Hot Springs, Arkansas. Also writ-
ten agyrite and (vgirine.
JEgea,n, Egean (e-je'an), a. or n. [< L. JEgcBum aegilopic, egilopic (e-ji-lop'ik), a. 1. Pertain-
.aigirus (e-ji'rus), n. [NL., < (?) Gr. Alyeipoc, a
(se. mure, sea), < Gr. A'lyalov (sc. TrcAayof), or
A'lyaloq (se. tt6vtoi;), the ^gean sea,< Ajya, JEgw,
ing to or of the nature of tegilops.
2. Affected city of Lesbos. Cf. alycipo^, the black poplar.]
with ffigilops.
a town in Euboea, and also the name of several segilopical, egilopical (e-ji-lop'i-kal), a. Same
cities.] A name often applied to that part of as a'gilopic.
the Mediterranean sea otherwise called the Segilops, egilops (e'ji-lops), n. [NL., < Gr. aiyi-
Archipelago. luip (-wTT-), an ulcer in the eye also, a kind of ;

jeger (e'jer), n. [L., sick.] Same as wgrotat, wild oats, and a kind of oak with sweet fniit.
^geria (e-je'ri-a), n. [NL., named after ^ge- Cf. aiyiXof, an herb of which goats were said to
ria, or Egeria, a prophetic nymph or Camena be fond appar. < ajf {a'ly-, *alyil-), a goat, -I- iip,
;
Azsiriis fitn^itiiiietis, dorsal view.
celebrated in Koman legend, instructress of eye; cf. iirp, face, appearance.] 1. lajjathol.,
Kuma.] In entom.: (it) The typical genus of the goat-eye a tumor, abscess, or other affection of
; A
genus of nudibranchiate or notobranchiat
family JEgerUdie, order Lepidoptera. it consists the inner angle (canthus) of the eye some- gastropods, of the family I'ohjceridce, having
;

of brightly colored moths with the wings wholly or in

times, a fistula lacrymalis or other affection of large tubercles on the convex back. Three spe-
part transparent. The larvae are endophy tous, bormg into
the stems and trunks of shrubs and trees, and embrace the laerymal duct. In a mild form, it is simply cies are known from the Eiu-opeau seas. Also written
some of the most destructive enemies to cultivated fruit- a swelling of the laerymal papilla, and is very jEgires. Lovin, 1S44.
trees.
Seirla.
See borer and ^naple-borer. Also sometimes called
(6) A genus of Diptcra founded by Bobi-

common. 2. leap.] In hot., a genus of grasses aegis (e'jis), n. [L. csgis, < Gr. ni/Zf, the eegis,
also a rushing storm, hurricane, appar. < aiaoeiv,
allied to Triticum, or wheat-grass, gi-owing
neau-Desvoidy. Also spelled Egeria. wild in the south of Europe and parts of Asia. shoot, dart, glance popularly identified with ;

SBgerian (e-je'ri-,an), a. Of or belonging to the It is believed by many botanists to be the a'lyir, a goat-skin, < oif (o')'-), a goat see Jlex.] :

JEgcriUhe. Also spelled egerian. origin of cultivated wheat. 3.

species of 1. In Gr. myth., originally
A
Aji .Egerian enemy of the native pines. Science, VI. 542. oak, Quercus ^Egilops ; the valonia-oak of the the storm-cloud envelop-
segeriid (e-je'ri-id), n. A
moth of the family Levant. 4. [cap.'] Agenusof lamellibranehs. ing the thunderbolt, the
especial weapon of Zeus
JEgcrtkJw; a clearwing. James E. HaU, 1850.
afterward considered as
^geriidse (e-je-n'i-de), n. j^l. [NL., < Jigeria .gina (e-ji'nii), n. [NL., < L. Jigina.iGv. the skin of the goat Amal-
+ -idw.l In entom., a family of Lepidoptera, Al-jiva, an island in the Saronio gulf; also, in thea, the foster-mother of
section Heterocera, comprising a number of in- myth., a nymph of Argolis, beloved by Zeus.]
1. The typical genus of the isuvciily JSginidw.
Zeus, which the latter took
teresting moths related to the sphinxes, hawk-
moths, or Sphingidce, and commonly called Esvhsckolt::, 1829. 2. A genus of ci-ustaceans. for defensive armor in his
war with the Titans. Ac-
clearwings, from the transparency of their .ginetail (e-ji-ne'tan), a. and n. [< L. JEgi-
cording to another conception,
wings. The larvje live in the interior of the branches neta, < Gr. Alyivf/riii;, an inhabitant of Alyiva it was a terrible and itumortal
and roots of trees. Some attack the apple, and one, the see Jigina.'] I. a. Relating or pertaining to arm wrought by Hepha?stus after
Egeria tipuliforniis, or cmTant-clearwing, feeds upon the island of ^Slgina or its inhabitants jEgine- the fashion of a thunder-cloud
the pith of currant-bushes. Also written ^^Igeridoe, ^-Ege-
riadce, and with initial E instead of ^. Also sometimes
tan sculptures, or ^ffigina marbles, a collection of an- fringed with lightning. It was
intrusted by Zeus to Apollo and
called Sf'.'iudee. to Athena, and became a charac-
.^gialites [NL., < Gr. a'lyta'kdc,
(e"ji-a-li'tez), }(. teristic attribute of the latter.
the sea-shore, beach (that over which the sea 2. In art, a representation
mshes? < aiaaeiv, rush, + aki;, the sea), + -itcs."] of the tegis as a sort of
.i^ii. V'ar\akeioii Stala-
1. In oriiith., a genus of Limicolce, of the family mantle fringed with ser- ette of Athena.
Charadriidm, or plovers, chiefly distinguished pents, much more ample
from Charadriiis by color, having the upper in archaic examples than later, generally worn
parts not speckled, the lower never extensively covering the breast, but sometimes held ex-
tylack, and bars or rings upon the head, neck, tended over the left arm, or thrown over the
Or breast. The tarsus is comparatively short, with arm to serve as a shield. Tlie a;gis of Athena, ex-
large scutella arranged in two or three special rows. cept in the most primitive representations, bears in the
The sexes ai-e usually distinguishable, though similar. luidst the head of the Gorgon Medusa, and is usually
The genus contains the numerous species of small plovers covered with scales like those of a serpent.
known as ring-plovers, inhabiting all parts of the world.
The killdeer (iB. vociferus), the ring-neck (^. Ncmipal-
Hence, figuratively
3. Anyiufluenee orpower
iMitiis), and the piping plover (.. mrladus) are character-
which protects as, under the imperial (rgis.
:

istic species of.the United States. Also written ^Egialilis. Also spelled egis.
2. In entom., the typical genus of the family jEginetan Sculpture. .aigithalinae (e-Jith-a-li'ne), n. pi. [XL., <
^gialitidse. Eschs'cholt:, 1S33. Herakles, from the eastern pediment of the temple of Athena. -Egithaltia + -i(E.] A subfamily of titmice,
 . " ;

^githalinse 92 .Solididae
Reading aegrotat, in some universities, leave taken, J!lurid(F (which see), containing the wall or
famUv Farida, typified br the genus Mgithalus. commonly in December, in order to get time to read for panda. Jilurus fidgens, of India. Also written
It was" named by Reieheubach in
1S.W, and by Gray is
one's degi-ee.
made to include Panurtu and a number of other genera Ailuriis.
of Europe, Asia, and Africa.
tits aegyrite, See agirite. .^olian^ (e-o'li-an), a, [< L. -7?o/im, < Gr.
..i

^githalUS (e-jith'a-liis), n. aelurid (e-lu'rid), . carnivorous mammal A'i6'/do(, .Slolian, < Alokoc, ^olus, the god of the
[NX., < Gr.
,

ar, ida- A
'/or the tit, L. pants.'] The typical genus of of the family Jilurkhv.
winds: see.Eo/iis.] 1. Pertaining to JEolus, the
JEiiitliaUna;, based upon Parus pendulinus, one ,lUTidae (e"-lu'ri-de), . pi. [NL., < Jilurus
god of the winds in Greek mythology, and hence
of the European bottle-tits. The name is also used -ida-.l family of carnivorous qtiadrupeds. + A
sometimes (with or without a cajiital) to the
for another genus of tits, more commonly of the order Fcrw, suborder Fismptdia, and wind in general: as, the JioHnii Isles (now the
called j4crcrfi(/a
writ-
( hich see\ of which A. caudata is the type. Also series Arctoidea, closely related to the Ursidw Lipari islands, north of Sicily), the fabled home
ten .f^iithalos.
(bears). It is based upon a single genus and species, of the god. Also -n-ritten Eoliaii and Aioliiin.
.ffigithognathae (e-ji-thog na-the),.i)(. [JNL..,
^EUtrits fuhjeng, the panda, resembling a racoon in some
< txr. alyttioc, also aiylodoc, the hedge-spaiTow, respects. The technical characters of tlie family are found The breezes blur the fountain's glass,
or perhaps the bunting, -jvaBoi, jaw.] +
In chiefly in the details of the skull and teeth, as compared And wake ^Eotian melodies.
T. 11. Atdrich, rampinea.
classification of birds, a suborder of with those of either bears or racoons. The tail is well de-
Huxley's the teeth are 36 num-
veloped (rudimentary in Uritidce) in
Carinatw, having the bones of the palate dis- ber (40 in Proajomdce); there are only *2 true molars on 2. [/. c] Due to atmospheric action; wind-
;

posed as in the sparrow and other passerine each side of either jaw, with 3 premolars, 1 canine, and blown: as,ana'o/)nHdeposit: applied, iuj/fo/., to
birds, and embracing the passerines, swifts, 3 incisors. The alisphenoid canal is well developed the accumulations of detrital material, especially ;

and woodpeckers. See agithognathism. auditory bulla is ver>' small, and is separated from the long fine sand and loam, which have been carried to
trigonal paroccipital process. Also written Ailuridcp.
segithognathism (e-ji-thog'na-thism), . The their present position by the wind. By far the
(e-lu'roid), a. and n. [<Gr. ai?mpoc, a most important deposit of this kind is the loess of north-
qualitv or condition of being jegithognathous Seluroid
that structure of the bony palate of birds which cat (see JeIio-us), eldoc, form.] I. n. Feline; western China +
(see loeftf), and it was to designate this pecu-
liar ami most remarkable fonnatioii that tlie term a-otian
cat-like; specifically, of or pertaining to the
consists in the union of the vomer with the was aiiplied in geology in place ot .mi/.h. iin/ (wliith see).
alinasal walls and tiirbinals, and is character- ^luroidea. Also written i.'o(iaH.,Sollan attacliment, a contrivance
istic of the suborder JSgithognatha: Parker dis- II. )i. member of the .^/ra(V?f(7. attached A
to a pianoforte, by whieli a slieam vi air can be
tinguishes four styles (a) iiicum^iltie, verj- curioosly ex- .Sluroidea (e-lii-roi'de-a), ii. pi. [NL. : see thrown upon the wires, prolonging their viliration and
the volume of sound. ^olian harp
:

hibited by the low Titrnix^ which is closely' related to trliiruid.] superfamily section of feline fls- greatly increasing
A
or Ijrre, a stringed instnniicnt tliat is caused to sound by
gallinaceous birds (&, c) compete, as represented under ;
siped carnivorous mammals, typified by the the impulse of air. A ciimmon fonn is that of a box of
two varieties, one typified by the crow, an oscine passerine,
the other by the clamatorial passerines Pachrirhamphu-^
cat family, FcUdir, and containing also the thin rtlirons wood, to w liich arc attached a number of fine
catgut strings, sometimes as many as fifteen, of equal
and Pipra: (d) compound, that is, niLxed with a kind of families X'rijptoprocUda;, Protclida; Hyimida',
length and tuned in unison, stretclied on low bridges at
desiuoguathism. riferrida-, and Eupleridce (but not the family
cacii end. Its length is made to correspond with the size
.f.'iithognathUm is exhibited almost unexceptionally by ^Eliiridw) distinguished as a series from the of tlie window or aperture in which it is intended to be
:

the (n^at group of passerine birds it is also nearly coin- Viinoidea orcaiiiiu- series, and the Arctaidia or
;
placed. When the wind blows athwart the strings it pro-
cident with Fasseres. though a few other birds, notably
the -wilts, also exhibit it. Cou8, X. A. Birds, p. IT',;, ursine series (to which the family JHurida be- duces the effect of an orchestra when heard at a distance,
sw cetly mingling all the harmonics, and swelling or dimin-
longs). The carotid canal is not well developed the
segithognathous (e-ji-thog'nS-thus), a. [As glenoid foramen is minute or wanting the foramen ishing tlie sounds according to the strength of the blast.
;

.K'/itliognatlKi' -os.] +
Of, pertaining to, or lacerum posterius and the condyloid foramen debouch iEollan rocks. See above, 2.
;

haVinglhe characteristics of the ^V"'",''"""'"''' together Cowper's glands are present and the os penis JEolian- (e-6'li-an), a. and . [< L. .Tiiiliun, <Gr. ; ;

having the vomer united with the alinasal walls is rudimentary, except in Cntptoprocta. .P.himidea tt/pica Aio/.wc. < A(0?.oc, iEolus, the mythical founder of
are the true felines or cats, of the families PelUiiv and the ^Bolians, one of the sons of Hellen, reputed
and turbinals. See cegithognathism. Cntj'toproctidiv. ^Eliiroidea hiiirnifi'rinid are the hyeniLs,
JEgle (e'gle), n. [L.,<Gr. a/";/)?, splendor, a ofthe families Ilit(rttid(e and Prutelida'. ^-Elunndtii ancestor of all the Hellenes, >Gr. Aio/fic, an
female name in Greek m)'thology.] 1. A
ge- viverri/ormia are the civets, ichneumons, etc., of the fam- jEolian, pi. Aio/.fif, Aio/;}r, > L. Jliolcs, the .^ioli-
See these family names. See JEoli(i)d.'] I. a. Pertaining to the
nus of plants of tropical India, allied to and ilies Viverrtdce and Euplt'ridie. ans.
Flower; Gill. Also written Ailuroidea. branch of the Greek race named from .lEolus,
resembling the orange-tree, but with trifoliate
leaves. M. Mannelm, the Bengal quince, golden apple, It is unfortunate that the two names jEluroidm and son of Hellen, or to .a^olia or .^olis, a district
or l>el, has an aromatic fruit, somewhat like an orange. -Eluridle should clash, as not belonging to the same sec- of Asia Minor north of Ionia colonized by and
tions |of the Carnivora). Pancoe, Zool. Class., p. iltS.
A perfume and a yellow dye are obtained from the rind, named from them JEoliau mode, (n) In Grt-A-
and tile dried fruit is a popular remedy in diarrhea and .lliropoda (e-lu-rop'o-da), n. pi. [NL., neut. jHirWc, a diatonic scale consisting of two steps -t- a half
dysentery. step-t- two steps 4- a half step + a step. It is correctly
see a-luropodous.']
2. genus of brachyurous decapodous crusta- pi. of a'luropKS {-pod-), adj. :
A represented by the natural notes of the .stalf beginning
ceans, or crabs, of which a species, .liglr riifo-
name given by J. E. Gray to the typical vi-
with A and A
counting downward. Usually and more prop-
verrino division of the family riferrida; the
punchiUi, is found in Mauritius and the I'hilip-
pine islands. 3.
genus of moUusks. Okcn, species of which divisionA are a!luro])odous
^h
181.'). See Pitcumodermon. 4. A genus of (which see).
Cl/HfiptHllf.
The name is contrasted with
li]iido))terous insects. Iliihiicr, 1S16.
aeluropodous (e-lu-rop'o-dus), a. [< NL. n7-
segobronchophony (e * go - brong - kof ' o - ni ) h . . erly called the hyjyodorian, sometimes the Locrian, mode.
<o/ii/.s- adj., cat-footed: see yWiiropus.']
(-]i<i(l-), The ninth of the Ciregorian church moiles or scales. It
[< Gr. aif (a//-), goat, 4- /1pd;;fM, the )>roin-liial
(li)

(!at-footed; having feet like a cat, that is, with was the fifth of the authentic modes, and consisted of a
tubes. +
(puvi/, voice.] In jkiIIkiI., a coinbniii-
sharp, retractile claws: ojiposed to eipinpodons, step + a half step -I- two steps -f a half step + two steps,

^
tion of two sounds, legophony and broiichoiili-
or dog-footed, and specifically ajiplied to tlie
ony, heard by auscultation in pleuro-pnoumo-
typical \-ix'errine dixasion of the family Vircr-
nia. See legophony and hronclioplioni/.
ridir.
aegocerine (e-gos'e-rin), a. Pertaining to or
[NL., < ^'K/h/k.*, q.
ciiaiaiteristie of the genus /Egocmis: as, an jEluropUS
(e-lii'ro-pus), .

{rgiii-irinc goat or antelope; wgoccriiw horns.

v., + Gr. n-oif (-0(5-) E. foot.'i A remarkable = represented by the natural notes of the staff beginning
with .\ and counting upward.
Also ^STitten aigocerine.
^^Ocerua (e-gos'e-nis), n. [NL., < Gr. alS n. w. A
member of one of the three great
genus of A dixisions of the ancient Greek race, the two
(")-), goat, -f Aipor, a horn.] 1.
otherdivisions being the Dorian and the Ionian.
wild goats, related to the ibexes, of the subfam-
ily Cajiriiue. P. ,S. Pidlus. IHll; ./. E. Cidij. The inhabitants of .Kolis, of part of Thcssaly, o( liieotia
and much of central tJreece, of Arcadia, and other dis-
2. A genus of antelopes with long spiral liorns, tricts not lli.rian or Ionian, were commonly accounted
related to the orj-x and the addax, of the sub- .Koliaus. The Acheans, when not spoken of as a distinct
race of Creeks, were also inclndcd among the -Holinns.
family .(HW/(//iHrt'. t(|ualtii ////i//o^Y/(/H.s(Siiii(lc-

Also written Ealian and Jinlinii.

vall JlamUlitii Smillt, 181J7 //. ,V. fiiniir, lH4i).
I. ;

.\No written .ligocnrus, yligocerns. .Solic (e-ol'ik), (I. and >i. [< L. .7u)?ifH., < Gr.
A'lii'/iKi'ir, of or pertaining to ..'Kolis or the yEoli-
gegophonic (o-go-fon'ik), a. Of or pertaining
ans: see ./'.'((/(Voi'-.j I. a. I'erliiiiiiiig to ..-Eolis or
(I Mgopliony. Sometimes written cgophonie.
thevEolians, or to ylOolus, their inytli-
./Eolia, to
;egophony (e-gof'6-ni), n. [< Or. aii (a'l-j-), a
ii'alancestor; j-Kolian: as, .ludif towns; the
guilt, +
voice, sound.] In palhol., a form
i^Mjjvi/,
Aiolic branch of the Greek race.
of vocal rosonaiico, broken and tremulous, licanl
in uuicultiilioti, and suggesting the bleating of That DicaiarchilH was correct Is proved by an exaniiim-
tion ..r lb.- i.icniiar iiosilion occnpleil by Ihc Iraces of
a t"'ii'. It best heard in hydrotliorax at the
''^^

.I.../..- iiillu.nie in Ilonier. /Ii/irr. ./iilir. y/ii/../., VII. 2112.

lr"v<'l fif till, Miiid. Sometimes written igojilioiiji.
" Hhux' HH ngngropile. JEollc dialect, one of the three grcul ilial.cts or groups
(|iiadrii|ieds of the arclnid
'
|iil), n,
'
genus of enniivorous i.t suli.liakcls ..f anclcnl (irei-k, the others being Ihc lloilc
wgrotantm (G-pri}- 'tail/.), n.
;
|>1. HcrieH of the order Fira micctiiig the true an. loni.'.
I It was spoken In .Kolis an. many other Creek
I

I'pr. of agriilarc, be sick: see .

bears with ,7iVHrM,viid other genera. Inllic upper c.nnliie.^ and Is imporlant as the dialed used by the
(rtfrohit. ill IviL'lisli uiiiversitieH, one who is
) Jliw they have ;) Incisor, 1 canine. 4 preluohir. and inoliir :; Lchhian p..ets Sappho, Alciens, etc.
ni'-k ''iio will. h..|i|>A nil inffrotat (which see).
: teeth, and In the lower InclHont, 1 canine,
;t
i.remolara, .'l
II. II. The language of the iEoUans ; tho
aegrotant '"-'I'lnt, ;,. iinil :i inoliir; the xknll him a short facial porllon. the yTlolian dinloct of Greek.
[<. 1j. a'gn>liiii(l-)n,
iMUiy palaU; not extending bink of the teeth, an nllplicnold
ppr. ..I /I"'"" ' ir(iriilfit.'] One who is .Mso wrilti'ii Eiilir and .iiolic.
canal, an enormous sagittal cn-nt, and /ygoniallc arclh-i,;
the tall Is veryhort,nn.l the (eel are lewi plantigrade and ffiOlld, seolidid (e'o-lid, e-ol'i-did), n. A mem-
the Holes more hairy than in the true heam. -f.'. inrlnno
SBKT'i- tnirtdanH. ber of III!' .Kididd'or .Eiiliilidiv.
tiiiriit, of TIlHt, till' tvpe anil only peeln, U of the sl/col
SB^Ot.it 1... ill' is Hick, .3d pers.
11 Miiall brown bear, o( a whitish color, with bln.'k llinl.,
.^olidse (e-ol'i-de), )i. pi. as .Eolididiv. Same
Hiiig. j.r. -. I 1 ,. .
I
'.I..././I,. l,o Hick, < Y/rr>^M, l I.I. pp., iar, mill eyerlng. Aim. wrllten ytiVimi;iii. jEolididSB (e-6-lid'i-de). i. pi. [NL., < .7'.Vi/i.v
dick. ' II, ! r i. ! I'.Mjrli-li univerMitieH, II
.lura8 (e-lii'nis), n. [NI^., < Gr. n/>i/)or. a eiil, (.(,/-) + -ida'."] A family of nudilininchiiile
IIH" I
1 i
idi'iit liowing pirliiiiiK<oi/'oc<iuick-moving, +oi|'.fail. 'I'lio giiKlropoiloiiH inollusks, \vilh diversilorm gills
tlinl okni",'* from early liintory of tlie domi'Hlic cat being involved placed nil llii' sides of Ihc back, ami tlio Icnla-
all. ,\,-. ullcd iifpr. iliilinibl (Koe r/), Homo identify the tir. (ii?i"'(mc eles retrai'tile. Th.'y arc n.liv.', an. swim freely on I

!,.,, ^thei ftr\ fur thliiif <-ni'"l th.tr hacks. In the geii'iiR .;;ii/i (which see) the kIIIh con-
II
Willi Iho ferret or policnl, I'iiloriu.i fiiro, imi\
n " 1 '
I . . nu'llllt KTtincnti' sist nl an linnieime number i.rnng.r like inocesses. forming
others with tlie genet or civel-cal, a species of
.

that I WW I" 1
i-*,* tulln on each side of the boily, s.ime of wlileh receive cieivil
I'll" (rotn Lir of a Phil. (IWMX p. 7. I'ivcrra.] Tlio tyiiicnl genus of the family prolongath.nsoftliustimiiicliiiiid liver. Their paplllie pos-
 : :

^olididse 93
sess the power of discharging, when the animal is irritatcti, of the capacity of 6 ostrich-eggs or about 12 dozen hen-
a milky tlui<i, whicli, however, is harmless to the human eggs. The remains are found in very recent deposits, and
skin. Also written EoUdidx, yEotido', EoluUe, tile hirtl was pmhably cnntemporai'y with the mna. .Epj/fir.
ntJt i.s type of a family .E/>i/<'rniti'ii/ir, I'elated to the
tile
Ditiorinlhi'l'r, of the suhrlass lliitit'i'. Sometimes .spelled
Eptfonus, ami even Epiornii ; the latter is wholly inad-
missible.
.ffipyornithes (e-pi-6r'ni-thez), n. pi. [NL., pi.
of yEpyornix (-with-).'] A superfamily group,
made an order by Newton, of gigantic extinct
atrial
on a large scale by pouring dilute sulphuric acid on carbon-
ate of lime, marble, or chalk. Carbonic-aeid g.as is evolved,
whidi is either forced into water at once by its own ten-
sion a.s it is evolved, or received in a reservoir and after-
ward forced into water by a pump. A small quantity of
gingeror capsicum-extract and sugar, placed in botties be-
fore filling with this water, converts the solution into giii-
gerade or ginger ale, while essence of lemon, citric acid,
and sugar mixeil in the same way form lemonade. All
water from natural springs is aerated and the Hat, mawk-
ish taste of freshly boiled water is due to the absence of
;

Aiolis /:ere}iafa, dorsal view.
[NL., < JEolis
n. pi.
.^Olidinae (e"6-li-dl'ne),
(-id-) + -JHrt".] A gi-oup of mollusks. See JEo-
'
lididce. Also written Eolidina;.
seolina (e-o-li'nil), . [< L. Jiolus, < Gr. Ato?.of,
the god of the'-winiis: see JLoliis.'] small
free-reed musical instrument, the precursor of
the accordion and concertina (which see), in-
vented by Wheatstone about 1829.
aeolipile (e'o-li-pil or e-ol'i-pil), h. [< L. ccoJi-
pUw, pi., < JEoIks, god of the winds (see JEoluis),
ratito birds, based upon the JEpyornithida: air and earbonic acid. Aerating filter, a wattrr-fllter in
(which see). which the water as it descends falls iiitn a closed ebaniher,
displacing the contained air, which, jiassi tig upward through
.Spyornithidae (e-pi-6r-nith'i-de), n.pZ. [NL., the llltering material, aerates the water in its passage.
< Jipyoniis (-nith-) -h -idee.] A
family of birds aeration (a-e-rii'shon), w. [iaiirate.] 1. The act
represented by the genus ^pyornis (which see). of airing or of exjiosing to the action of the
.Spyprynmus (e-pi-prim'nus), n. [NL.,<Gr. air: as, the aeration of soil by plowing, har-
aiTTLv;, high, steep, -I- Trphjiva, stern.] A notable rowing, etc. 2. The act or operation of mix-
genus of kangaroo-rats of comparatively large ing or saturating with a gas, as carbonic-aeid
A size, and otherwise resembling the hare-kanga-
roos, LuyorchesU'S.
gas or common air. 3. In physioL, the arterial-
The type is ^E. rufesccnn, ization of the venous blood by respiration in
the red potoroo of New South Wales. A. H. the higher animals, and by corresponding jiro-
Garrod, 1875. cesses in the lower animals.
JEms (e'pis), n. [NL., <Gr. aimV, also a'm6g, The taking in of food by a polype is at intervals now
high, steep.] A genus of adephagous beetles, short, now very long, as circumstances determine . ; . .

+ pila, a ball.] An instrument illustrating the of the family Carahida', the larvse of which have while such aeration as is effected is similarly without a
but one claw on each foot. Also written ^pus. trace of rhythm. 11. Spencer, Data of Ethics, 28.
expansive force of steam generated in a closed
vessel, and escaping by a narrow apertui-e,
aequalifloTOUS, . See cqualiflorous. aerator (a'e-ra-tor), n. [< aerate, as if L. "aera-
said to have been invented by Hero of Alex- aequisonance, sequisonant. See equisonance, tor.] 1. K. blower a contrivance for fumigat- ;

andria in the second century B. c. It consisted

cquisoiiant. ing wheat and other
of a hollow ball containing water and two arms bent in .^qilivalvia (e-kwi-val'vi-il), . j)Z. [NL.,< grain, to bleach it
opposite directions, L. uquiis, equal, -I- valva, door (valve).] 1. and destroy fungi
from the naiTOW
apertures of which
In Lamarck's classification, 1801, one of two and insects. 2.
steam issued with di-visions of his conchiferous Acephalcea, con- An apparatus for
such force that the taining the equivalve bivalves: opposed to forcing air or car-
air, reacting on it,
caused a circular
Incvquivalvia.
2. In Latreille's classification, bonic-aeid gas into
1825, one of two di-visions of pedunctdate Bra- water or other li-
or rotary motion of
the ball. Several chiopoda (the other being IiKequivalvia), repre- quids. The most sim-
attempts have been sented by the genus Liiigula. See cut under ple form is a mechanical
made to apply the device for pumping air
Lingulidte. into water, or a spray
Ely's i4iolipile. principle of the ffio-
lipile to rotating .^quorea
(e-kw6're-a), ii. [NL., fern, of L. for bringing water into

machinery. Ely's ajolipile is used for rotating a toy. It (cquorcus, of the sea: see cequorcal.] genus A contact with air. More
with an arm through which the of medussB, constituting the family JEquoreidw complicated forms em-
consists of a boiler,
ploy chemicals to secure
Bteam is permitted to escape, placed upon a central up- (which see). JS. cyaiiea is an example. tlie formation of car-
right pivot, and connected by a band with the drum of
the toy to be rotated. Also spelled eolipile and (by mis-
aequoreal (e-kw6're-al), a. [< L. wquoreus, of the bonic-acid gas in water
sea, < aquor, level, even surface, esp. a calm, or liquors, or elaborate
take) eolipyle,
Cameron's ASrator. machinery for forcing
iEolis (e'o-lis), 11. [Nil. (likeL. JEolis, Gr. A'lollc smooth sea, < (vquus, even, equal: see equal.] a, gas-generator i, h, and yn, nt, m, the gas into vessels con-
:

(-((5-), name of a country), < aldlog, quick-mov-

Of or pertaining to the sea ; marine ; oceanic : agitators c, stutfing-box e, acid-hold- taining the liquid, and
; ;

ing, nimble, rapid, changeable.]
The tyjiical specifically used in the name of a fish, the er ;y. conical plug: -, ti, s, leaden
pipes A, stuffing-box A, pin /.bridle :
for producing the prop-
;
er niLxture by agitating
; ;

genus of the iaraily Jiolididw (which see). Also (cquoreal pipefish, Syngnathus cequorea. Tar- , nut o, intermediate vessel
pressure-gage v, impregnator.
r, ;

the latter in presence of

;
;

spelled Eolis, as originally by Cuvier, 1798._ rell. the g-as under pressure.
iGolism (e'o-lizm), n. [< Gr. *Aioh<7/i6c, < A'io7.l- .ffiquoreidae, .^quoridae (e-kwo-re'i-de, e- aerial (a-e'ri-al), a. [Formerly also aercal, < L.
(eiv, imitate the .^Eolians: see JEoUc and -ism.'] kw6r'i-de), W.J)/. IN'L., < jEquorca -idic] A +
ocrius (=Gr.apio^), also aereiis, pertaining to
A peculiarity of the .Slolio dialect, or such pe- family of Hydroiiicdusa', represented by the the air, < aer, < Gr. ar/p: see air^.] 1. Belong-
culiarities eoUeetively. Sometimes written^io- genus JEquorea, with numerous radial vessels ing or pertaining to the air or atmosphere;
lism. and marginal tentacles. The family is related to the
inhabiting or frequenting the air ; existing or
campanularians and sertularians, and pertains to an order
First must be eliminated from the so-called ^ijo^'^jjj^ all
Calyptoblaftfca, or to a suborder Campanularice of Hydro-
happening in the air ; produced by or in the air
phenomena which, so far from deserving the name of mednsce. They attain a large size, being a foot or more in as, aerial regions ; aerial perspective ; aerial
jEoUsms, do not so much as occur in J5olic. The family was founded by Eschscholtz in IS'29.
Amer. Jour, of Philol., V. 5'21. diameter. songsters ; aerial ascents.
aer (ii'er), n. [L., < Gr. (i'/p, air: see i)'l.] 1. Even till we make the main, and the aerial blue,
.olist (e'o-list), n. [< L. JEohis, the god of the (a) Ordinary air of the atmosphere, (b) Some An indistinct regard. Shak., Othello, it L
winds, +
-fsf.] A
pretender to inspiration so Ivind of air, as a gas.
:
[Formerly a common Aerial honey and ambrosial dews.
called humorously by Swift ("Tale of a Tub," term in chemistry and physics, now rare or ob- Dryden, Virgil's Georgics.
viii.), as deriving all things from wind (that is,
the breath of inspiration).
solete.]
2. In the Hellenic branch of the East- 2. Consisting of air; partaking of the nature
ern Church, the third or outermost of the veils of air ; airy ; hence, unsubstantial visionary ;

seolotropic (e'^o-lo-trop'ik), a. and n. [< ceolot- placed over tlie sacrament. See airl, n., 7.
as, aerial beings ; aerial fancies ; an aerial castle.
ropij + -jc] I. a. Inphys., not having the same Aer perflabilis (L., air blowing through), open an. Fays, fairies, genii, elves, and daemons, hear
properties in all directions ; non-isotropic ; ani- Ye know the spheres and various tasks assigu'd
Open air, which they call aer perfiabilis. By laws eternal to the aerial kind.
sotropic: said of a body -with reference to elas- Boom, Nat. Hist., 331. Pope, E. of the L., ii. 78.
ticity or the action upon it of light, heat, etc. See era.
aera, ". The next who follows has to build his own cloud- . . .

An individual body, or the substance of a homogeneous aeraria, '. Plural of wrarium. castle as if it were the first aerial edifice that a iuimau
solid, may be isotropic in one quality or class of qualities,
but ceototropic in others.
aerarian (e-ra'ri-an), fl. and n. [< L. cerarius, soul had ever constructed. 0. W. Holmes, Emerson, xvi.
(')'(, n. (sc. civis), an tera-
Thomson and Tail, Nat. Phil., I. 677. monetary, fiscal, Vf 3. Reaching far into the air ; high ; lofty ; ele-
rian, < (cs (a'r-), bronze, money: see (es.] I, a. aerial spires; an aerial flight.
H, n. non-isotropic substance, or one hav- In Bom. hist., of or pertaining to the rerarium or vated: as,The
A aerial mountains which p^iur down
ing different properties in different directions,
as a bia.xial crystal.
Eoman treasury ; fiscal: as,the(E)'ar(prefeots. Indus and Oxus from their icy caves. Sltellen, Alastor.
II, n. One of the lowest class of Eoman 4. Possessed of a light and graceful beauty;
aeolotropy (e-o-lot'ro-pi), n. [< Gi\ a'w2.oc,
citizens, who paid only a poll-tax and had no ethereal.
changefid, +
-rpoiria, < Tpcirciv, turn.] liiphi/s.,
right to vote. To this class the censors could degrade
the state or quality of being seolotropic ; the citizens of any higher rank who had committed heinous Some music is above me most music is beneath me. I ;

like Beethoven and Mozai't or else some of the aerial

opposite of isotropy {which see) ; anisotropy. crimes. compositions of the older Italians. Coleridge, Table-Talk.
In the case of a sphere, the tendency to set in a uniform aerarium (e-ra'ri-iun), n.; pi. (B)-aria(-'i.). [L., The light aerial gallery, golden-rail'd,
[magnetic] field is wholly dependent on the ceolotropy of neut. of cerarius, of or pertaining to money : see Burnt like a fringe of fire.
the sphere. Encijc. Brit., XV. -245.
a place where Tennyson, Palace of Art.
(erarian.] Among the Komans,
.olus (e'o-lus), n. [L.,<Gr. Alo7.oc, the god public money was deposited ; the public trea- 5. hihot., growing in the air, andindependently
of the -winds, lit. the rapid or the changeable, < sm-y. of the soil, as epiphytes, or the adventitious
aW/lof,qmek-moving, rapid, glancing, changing, aerate (a'e-rat), v. t. pret. and pp. aerated, ;
roots of some trees as, aerial orchids or roots.
:

changeable.] 1. In cl<is.sical mijth., the god and ppr. aerating. [< L. ai^r, air (see air'-), -i- -ate^.]
ruler of the mnds, which at bis will he set free 1 To expose to the free action of the aii-.
or held prisoners in a liollow mountain. 2. [I. .

2. To cause to mix with carbonic-acid or other

c] An apparatus for renewing the air in rooms. gas. 3. InphiisivL. to change the circidatLng

3. A genus of coleopterous insects. Esch- fluids of, as animals, by the agency of the air;
scIwUe, 18-29. arterialize. Aerated bread, bread baked fi-om dough
JBOn, seonian, etc. See eon, eonian, etc. into which carbonie-acid gas has been forced mechanical-
.pus (e'pus), II. Same as .SSpijs. ly, instead of being set free within its substance by fer-

.ffipyornis (e-pi-6r'nis), n. [NL., < Gr. a'nrvc, mentation of yeast or decomposition of baking-powder.
Aerated waters, a term applied to a variety of acidu-
high, -+- ofii'ff, a bird.] A
genus of gigantic lous and alkaline beverages, more or less impregnated with
fossil birds found in Madagascar. The species is carbonic-acid gas, whiclx renders them sparkling and ef-
named .E/nfornii maxiviits. It was 3-toed like Dinor- fervescent. The most common, carbonic-acid water (usu-
nis, of similar enormous stature, and is one of the largest ally called soila-icat&r, because it was formerly an offici-
known bii'ds. The egg was some 12 or 14 inches long, and nal preparation and contained sodium carbonate), is made Aerial Roots of the Banian {Ficus /ndica).
 , :

Q4 aSroscepsy
ftcnftX

Sg, and swim-ming birds,- Aerial tar

a car us.d lur agroWoSlS (a'e-ro-Tjl-o sis) . [NL., <Gr. a^ ^/ q m, divination, < +
p; ^ , j^j^.
<;

triielmgm the air; 'P'^'^A'^^f ^u'^^^'^'V^jli'la^^i^e^ (ifp-), air. + ,J^o;{-, way of hfe, < flwav, ive, ,,.,,(, di^ine, prophesy, < /.d.T/f, prophet.}
Life in and
< .i-oc, life.] by means of an atmo- '^.^^^^^^^^ ^y ^ekns of the air and ^^^nds or
fi'^fbywSpiute^-Tkt"?elrre^e,..u.t^^^^^
itaats of the air as demons,
genii, gnnmes. etc. Aerial sphere containing oxygen.
atmospheric phenomena now sometimes used ^
:

gma, the >rtngs of insects. Ote.-AenaI

mage ;>.n^^^^
aerobiotic (a'e-ro-bi-ot'ik), . l<Gr.
app(aep-),
to denote the practice of forecasting changes
_

/3,rfa-, hve
*^Tff^'m''obSr'tglSuth sSta'of 'Sl; of diiferent air, + ,i<"n<ic:
pertaining to hfe, < -^ ^lie weather.*^ :

aerobiosis;
S'eSuL {te iroaie app^ing suspended in the air, as gee aerobiosi.s.-i Of or pertaining to aeromantic (a'e-ro-man'tik), a. Pertaining to
the different kinds of mirage; also, an image perceived
^.^n'' on atmospheric oxygen as, aerobiotic
or of the natiu-e of aeromaucy. :

bjMooking into or toward a concave mirrw^^b^^^^ forms in fermentation. aerometer (a-e-rom'e-tfer), . [_< Vi-L. aeromc-
^'^^'i^.iaf^^n^A^V^Xe^tiye''^'' aerobious (a-e-ro'bi-us), a [<NL. aerobU.s ,,,, < Gr. a^ (i.p-), air, +;.^Tpo.... measure. An in-
B?l5rr?.- Aerial photographj, P''otography by see oeVoftw-] Same as aTO6ian. Pasteur, I er- Cf. Gr. uepo/ierpEiv measure the air.]
mea'ns of cameras supported at a considerable lieight 1^ Nation (trans.), p.
meuiab r 210. strmnent for weighing air, or for ascertaumig
above the ground by kites or indloons. Aenal polBon. /,
v.

tlip ilpnsitv of air and other eases.-Barometri-

a,me as -.^ - Aeria^ rajQway. () A proposed Aerobranchia (a^-e-ro-brang'ki-a) . pi [NL., ^^ ^<^Xete,! a,^ins"rumlnt 'coShlg T.^ft'^l
system of wires P^'^'n^j'*'!"""^,. '
f '"1 < Gr. 6i,p (iep-). air, + iSpayxm, gills.] A sub- ^,,1,^ ith open ends and mounted upon a stand, used m
'"f ,,:; bv" Thus,
class or ''grade" of AraSuiUh^ composed of measuring the relative
specific gravities of liquids
l"T,.???.^mViforrS^eabOT'e then -A^^

a method of telegraphing by meano^^^ and spiders; one

graphy,
Aenal
scorjiions. whip-scorpions, 1^^^ -S of o t imi oates that their relative specific
.

tints,
">X'i-s ^'ot dUtanriL attained.
attl^^ned -S^
-syn. of three gi-onps, the other
ot^t^^^ two being Hemoto- i^.,," ies are as io to a
^Ai^'^^r^ Het^y" \,,ALipobrachia. E. E. La.dcster, agrometric (a"e-r6-met'rik), a. Of or pertain-
.^

aprialitv (a-e-ri-al'i-ti), H. [< aerial + -ity.'] 1881. . ing to aerometry. r -c^ / -

Lubuusiauuai ij aairiness.
UnsubsfanrialityV aerobranchiate (a'e-ro-brang'ki-at), a. Per- aerometry (a-e-rom'e-tri), ,.. [= F. a^oniS-
,
the Aerobranchia. < NL. aerometrta, < aenwietriim : see aero-
taiuing to trie,
The mere a^.fy of the ^"j!;;^^?^
. ,- -- J
-^^^^^^p^.t^^ript. aeroclinOSCOpe (a'e-ro-kli'no-skop), n

aSnally (a-e'n-al-i), adr In an aenal manner

1 -v T ,oK,.;olT>iaTi,ipr-
.

60 as to resemble air or the atmosphere ethe-

,i,}o((ifo-),air, + K>.''i'v, bend, incline,

^^l^^^l^"{^
.
W
[< Gr.
mo-f(i',
,f (^r.] The science of measuring the weight
or density of air and other gases, and of lieter-
Ij^^
The name given to a kind of mining the doctrine of their pressure, elasticity,
j, ^,i3^3 J, ,,,t,, ,,i,al
,
rarefaction, and condensation.
+

reaUy. ^..j^ ,,.jjl, movable anus, either of which may be raised or aeronaut (ii'e-ro-nat), n. [< F. aironaute, \ Gr.
depressed according to the increase or decrease of the ^. . . - Jf. ;^^ /_l, nauta), sailor, <
T..n.h'aHth a somewhat darker hue
':^il%^::^^^^^^^''nZ^^.;,^l...^^^. ^,'friii'o'^-lPrSIr^ecTio^i;'^^^^^^^^
.i!l^JlJ\avk^^l^nanticaJ^ One who
aerialness (a-e'ri-al-nes), ji. The quaUty of weather tb? expected. It has been much used in Europe. saUs or floats m
the air; an aerial na\agator;
beiuL' aerial or airi-'. aerocvst (a'e-ro-sist), . [< Gr. oJ/p (<ifp-), air, a balloonist. ^. , ,-, - -..,. .;

a6rianMr-l'ri-an),. [< L.flens.- seeaeri?.] -i- ^,'7,;-, bladder: see aisf] In bot, the air- aeronautic, aeronautical (a'e-ro-na tik, -ti-
vessel or bladder by means of which many al- kal), a. Pertaining to aeronautics or aerial
^grial of or belonging to the air; produced or

existing in the atmosphere. ga;, as in(S fmcw/oSHS, are supported in the saihiig. --.;!.<=> rPl of ;.

thl;^Sri^J^:lv^^!-:l^^tS^ rnX=^.^^:^cur^ti^fS"' 3!^^-|!-^^h:^BlK2

Scn, III. 520. a^ of floating in the or of aenal na^^gatlou, as air,
inSa^putrefwtion. aerodynamic (a"e-r6-d3-nam'ik), . [< Gr.
ASrianS (a-e'ri-anl \< \Aj. AUriani, <
n. to-), air, di/om/c, q. v.] K elating or per-
vU + by means of a balloon.
r^ ..i. ..,<.
member of a re- taining to the force of air and gases iu motion,
A aeronautism (a'e-ro-na"tizm), n [<
A^U^ wowr a name ]
e-ro-di-nam'iks), . [PI. of + -ism.^
f''''<"
The practice of ascending and float-
fo3n^ sect of the foiL-th century, so called aerodj^amics (a'
ee" dynamics.^ The science i^^i" the atmosi-here as in balloons
roT h^eir'eader A'criufapresbytb^ of Sebas- \ero.^.a,nic :

AerldeS v" ^^ ^-/, .- i. > -

.
air, -r >"r(JO(t, JiiiuYvidAjicj K^u.iiv. .u "w. ..-..y^. r-r-^i ~."V.' W ofc air, *l "1 \ '
A
'
;., ., '.,*.

-ides.] A genus of epiphytal plants, natural rjj^^re.] fearing: see -p/iofcid.] dread that is,
order Orchidaccie. These plants have distichous leaves, ogroeranher (a-e-rog'ra-f^r), w. One who de- of a current of air: a symptom common in hy-
and large, bright-colored, sweet-scented HoweRj. Theynre '*J^.i, f,,,. f,\,o;,,i,pre" drophobia, and occasionally observed hys- m

The action of al'i-ifj-ing; [<Gr. w (arp-), invented by Edison for increasing th,. 11 ten-
aerifica- aerography (a-e-ro^'ra-fi), n.
.;^(to"]
tion V -fc'. I'! air, +
rpo^m', write, describe.] De- sity (amplitude) ot sound-waves, as those troui
-;paf a, <

agriferoiis (a-e-rif'e-rus), . [< L. oer. air, + scrintion of the air or atmosphere. ^

spoken words.
[< Gr. ni/p{aep-), air,
ferrc E bear^ 1 "Conveving air, as the tra- aeronydrodynamic (a'c-ro-hi'dro-di-nam
= ik), aerophore (a't^ro-for), h.

bheffiand'bronehial tubes of air-breathing vei- . L<

*' "W ('"fP-). air, + /ii/(/ra</.v(/mi<-.] + .^u,,,,,,:, < ,pqn=,E. brar\.-] A respirator in
tebratfs or the tracheaa of insects. Acting by the power of air in water.- Aero- the form of a tank, into winch the air exhaled
aarifieaHnn ra'e-ri-fi-ka'shoii). 11. [< aerifil : hydrodynamlc wheel, an apparatus for transinitting the lungs jiasses, and which contains ,
m
'^^^1.^'' rAo\ctVcomb^,ing an^- Pj;;- '"^-'r^-^^'irSil^i^JoX ^'--j-^ * ''
"^
'"
^77
thinK with air; the state of being hlled with J,r through a tube, and disuhargiiiK it into the curved breatheil again, it is carried on theT'^^k''
back like a knap '^^'f
for ll.o tisc of llremeii in entering
air.-- 2. The act of becoming air, or of chang- buckets of a cogge.l wheel submerged in water In such a sack, and was c.ntnved
the wheel by its
f^ info an aerifonn state, as^substancos which manm.r a, to turn(a'e-ro-hi "--"-"""r'
'^^s). [< <5r.
,-
aeropnyte(. 1 10 m; h. L ,), (.,-). air,
w ^^^X^^^^:n^T'ltGr.
are converted from a li.|uid or solid foni, into aerohydrOUS
' ^ <

^
j^or an elastic vapor; the state of being a.n- to^. --
^ ;^.u'h' iv;:s in ab.oL,,
;:;Xffi'r'::d^r^;^,^c!5|:
..its
f^t^. k
fi^^^i-:^, ^^Jin^a^^lnl^^ll^lfr;
iTBHPoiiH The L'ases are airilhrm fluids. 2.
a^S \?5^itrr- [The
and
lonii of aeroUtli
more
sec -hie : -iilli.] A body
ccnnmon a.roplaneMa;,.ro^p.a.O
air, + pliiiie, <]. v.] A liglit

tramt
L<,G.^
won.
i^n^^
iii ei

K'i^-el 'un'sXtantiairiim-. Varlyie. faLing tlirough the atmosphere to the earth I;''"h> or so.newl.at ccmca^^^^^
mm s
' from outer space; a meteorite; properly, a der si.le witli a abric, used in Hung ma.
aSrif" n-fi) r. /.; pret. and pp. acrilicd,
au-l nerostatiea. experiments. Wbenthe.nac h i.e
I < L ^r air +
-/i/r^ < facere, meteori.' stone. Hen meteorite.
^
I'^^i^Ceti/t^ul. ^^.i aaroiith (a'e-ro-iiu,), . [<oroitp (aep-), air,
ti^l
!;: ::] |;;;;^;-"irrii.:!z;i;:^r;:^tv:;:;:,:;L;:H
air, (.r coii.l.iiio air with. 2. To change into -I- --("".., stone.] hame as ommfc. ,
iiftiiig-powei. suu jlyiim machine.
'>"
an aBrollthology (a'e-ro-li-thol o-ji), . !< "<^ [= F. aeroplane,
ai-rif..nn st,tte. aSroplane'-i (a'e-ro-plan), ^
aro-. [NL., ete., < Gr. aepo- (lu/,-), combining lilli + Gr. -/o)m, < Myitv, speak: see -oi<>!l!li < ,,^ ,,)T;>aror, wandenng
in air, < ii/p l>n>-),
fomi of .,-,, L. nor, air: see uirK] The (irst That department of science which treiiiB oi ir, .(- .;>,,;,,,;_ w,i,.ring: see ii/(/"(f.] tlying- A
I.ii.r,' M, 11, V compound words of Greek
; aerolites.
. . a, lit,., nmehino invented by Victor ntin iiiul success- 'I

r, the air, atmosphere. aSroUtic (a'e-ro-lit'ik), a. Relating to aeromcH.

1

^^^^ ^^.^^j ^^^ j,^^ Firnch experiment -station of

C-rfi-loJ '"> -'-"!!''
aei -lO.r.i. [< Gr. HtW*"" i". < aBrologlc, agrological ( (:i,iis.Meiidon in IH'SI. iieouHlslsotacyllndilcal
..trend.] To walk (as ". I'erliiiniiig to aerologj'. receiver tor eompreiwed air uwcl to drive two air pnmel-
jf \ / J) aSrOlOglst (a-e-rol'o-jist), n. One who is versed hr. two laterally extende.l wings, and a lull for
steering.

;: h,tJ'k:!i:U :,;::ayis:i;Sir:aV''"-
wl.ieh aroable to
,i
I.
live
,.i.u,.Mw.rv ,,
'7'tK"*"%'S
pn.perii-H and phenomena. Also called arm;,, nbiity to
Z 3;
'''''',,'"''
Kiicdisuseeiililii.ily
l.e.;e<; v.'
^
I.e
litmus ilierii'CoiKlil.iotisaB
til
E I
"' " """^ ' '"'^'
'
f,
','
arornancer rft'e-rri-inan'st'T), n. [< MH. ni/ero- various annuals ("irisecls tiiid snails, for e.\aiu-
lS^"obUu - .ul^U.or.U.r.''t:^^^'^!;^r:;,na,u-y + J:] Jno who prac pl.^ are su,,,os... lop.isHess.; t.ie se,^^^^^^^^^^^
^U.ril.c ot wrobia (Wh.c. we); doiK..ndunt tisos aiiromanoy. <^"I>y; H'" f'''-""y "' -^-^''>'B aeroscopy
 . ;: : ;;:

aeroscepsy 96 JEsculaplan
stinotively. considered by some zoologists to be a
It is
A . kind of salt drawn out of ferreous and #'rw(7inou5
. . the Romans and other communities toward the end of the
earths, partaking chiefly of iron and copper. fifth century B. 0. The Roman as is the most familiar
function of the antennie, these being organs by means of
Sir T. Broume. exami)le.- .ffis rude (see rude), the llrst Roman money,
which sucll animals may practise aeroscopy (which see). cnnsisti[ig r)f rude masses of copper, uncohied, of regular
[Avroficepgif and afTo.^rnp!/ are often used as synonymolls by 2. Of the color of verdigris.
zoolofrists but the distinction here indicated is convenient,
: Also spelled criigiitous. weights vai-ying from two pounds to two ounces. JEs
and agreeable to their dijference of formation.]
signatum (stamped bronze), the first R<iman expedient
aerugo (e-ro'go), n. [L., rust of copper, verdi- toward securing a regular coinage, legally sanctioned as
aeroscope (a'e-ro-skop), n. [< Gr. "nepomoTrnr
gris prepared from it,< ws ((iT-), copper, bronze
:
early as \^A IJ. c. The pieces are approximately rectangular
sen aeroscopy. An apparatus for oollecting see as.] Verdigris (which see) .Erugonobllls
'\
'
in shape, bearing on each side, in relief, a rude ligtire, as of
microscopic objects from the air. It consists of (noble verdigris), or simply antgo, a greenish crust found a bull, a boar, or an elephant, and weigli about live poimds
an inspirator and a glass collecting-vessel smeared with on antii|uc bronzes; the patina. Hen patiim. each. For smaller values the pieces were cut into frag-
^lycerin. When air is drawn through it the tine dust sticks ments, and the (es rude also remained in use. The aes sig-
aeryl (S'ri, [Early mod. E. aerie
iX'er-i), a.
1.1 tlie mm of glycerin. for airy, with forced spelling, in imitation of L.
nal inn continued to be employed for some time after a more
advanced system of coinage had been adopted.
aeroscopic (a"e-ro-skop'ik), a. Pertaining to or
e.\eroismfi; aeroscopy.
ae'reiis, aerii<s, airy, aerial: see airy'^, aerial.] .Ssalidae (e-sal'i-de), n. pi. [NL., < JEsalus +
Airy breezy ; exposed to the air elevated A family of lamelliconi coleopterous
[< Gr. aepoaaoma, -iilic]
; ;
aeroscopy (iX-e-ros'ko-pi), n.
lofty ; ethereal visionary. [Rare and poeti-
;
insects, Ijasod liy Macleay (1819) upon the ge-
divination by observing the heavens, < "depooKd-
-oc, observing the heavens, < drjp (afp-), air, + cal.] nus .Esalxs. See Litcanidee.
The shepherd's pipe came clear from aeri/ steep. Keats.
BKoneiv, observe, look at.] It. Divination by sesalon (e'sa-lon), n. [NL., < Gr. a!ad/6w, a small
means of the air; weather-prophecy. 2. Ex- Whence that aery bloom of thine,
Like a lily whicli the sun
kind of hawk, prob. the merlin.] 1. An old
amination or observation of the atmosphere Looks thro' in his sad decline ? name of the merlin, Falco eesalon or JEsalon
the practice of meteorology. 3. In zodt., per- Tennyson, Adeline. rcgidus.
See merlin. 2. [cap.] A genus of
ception or observation of atmospheric condi- aery2, aerie^ (a'ri, or e'ri: see falcons (Brisson, 1760): formerly used in a
a'ri, a'e-ri,
tions, as by insects and snails ; the instinctive etym., at end), m. pi. acries(-Tiz). [Also written broad sense, later restricted to the small species
;

e.xereise of aeroscepsy ; the operation or result airy, eyry, eyrie, and in early mod. E. airie, aiery, related to the merlin. JE. columbarius is the
of the faculty of aeroscepsy. See aeroscepsy. ayry, aycry, cyery, eyerie, etc., a lengthened fonn common pigeon-hawk of North America. See
aerose (e'ros), a. [< L. wrosns, full of copper, (with added syllable -y or -ie after E. aifi/l, a., pigeon-hawk.
< a's (eer-), copper see (us. ] Having the nature
: or the ML. form aerea) of early mod. E. aire, .Alsalus (e'sa-lus), n. [NL. Cf. eesalon.] The
of or resembling copper or brass coppery. Also ; ayre, < ME. *aire, eyre, oldest form air, an typical genus of JEsid'idw, based by Fabricius
spelled erose. aery (rare, and foimd only in the phrase haukc (1801) upon JE. searatianidis, a European lamel-
aerosiderite (a"e-r6-sid'e-rit), M. [< Gr. dj/p of noble air (var. nohulle eyre), after OF. faucon liconi beetle with subquadrate body, imarmed
(dep-), air, + aiSt/piTi/c, of iron: see siderite.l lie gentil or bon aire, i. e., a hawk of noble or head, 3-jointed antennee, and short tarsi, now
A meteorite consisting essentially of metallic good stock: see under debonair), < OF. "aire, referred to Lucanidce.
iron. See meteorite. m., an airie or nest of hawkes" (Cotgrave), .^schna (esk'na), . [NL. (first Jishna, Fabri-
aerosiderolite (a"e-r6-8i-de'r6-lit), n. [< Gr. OP. also f., mod. F. aire, f., =
Pr. aire, < ML. cius, 1776), proij. an error iov'cBschra (fem.; cf.
d^p {dtp-), air, + aiSr/po^, iron, + 'AiBoQ, stone.] area, aria, aerea, aeria, the nest of a bird of ^schrus, m., a genus of neuropters), < Gr. a'w-
A meteorite containing both stone and iron. prey ; of vmcertain origin, but prob. only a Xp6^, ugly, ill-favored.] genus of neuropte- A
See meteorite. special use of the common L. area, also writ- rous insects belonging to the suborder or group
aerosphere (a'e-ro-sfer), n. [< Gr. dijp (dep-), ten aria, an open space, floor, area, the spell- Odonata, referred to the family Libellulidce or
air, 4- a<j>atpa, spliere.] The body of air sur- ings aerea, aeria, being due to a supposed con- made the type of a separate fa,vai\y jEschiiidw.
rounding the earth ; the aerial globe ; the en- nection -with L. aereiis, aeriiis, aerial, airy, There are several species, all known as dragon-
tire atmosphere. such nests being built in lofty places. Ovring flies. Sometimes wrongly written .3Sshna.
aerostat (a'e-ro-stat), n. [< F. aerostat, < Gr. to its poetical associations, and to confused .Sschnidse (esk'ni-de), n. pi. [NL., < ^sc/oiffl
df/p {dcp-), air,-I- aTardf, placed, standing, verbal notions as to its origin, this word has suffered + -id<e.] family of neuropterous insects, A
adj. of i-ard-vai, place, cause to stand see static.'\ : unusual changes of spelling and pronunciation. founded on the genus jEschna, having the wings
1. A machine or vessel sustaining weights in The reg. mod. form, rejir. ME. "aire, air, eyre, unequal, the triangles of all the wings alike,
the air ; a balloon a ilying-machine.
; would be *air (pron. ar), or, with the added male genitals 'with connate anterior hamule
The aerostat was brought down in the very meadow syllable, airy (pron. a'ri). The mod. spelling and conjoined penis and vesicle, and female
whence it had set off. Science, IV. 330. aery or aerie is in imitation of the ML. aerea, genitals exposed.
aeria ; cf. aery'^, a., tor airy^, a., after L. aereus, .scliylean (es-ki-le'an), a. [< L. jEschylus, <
2. An aeronaut ; a balloonist. [Rare and in-
correct.] aeriits. The spelling eyry, eyrie does not follow Gr. yuaxvi^og, orig. a nickname, 'Little Ugly,'
aerostatic, aerostatical (a"e-ro-sta,t'ik, -i-kal), from the ME. form cyrc (which would give "air, dim. of a'i<yxpk, ugly, ill-favored: in a moral
a. [=F. aerostatique, < Gr. drjp (dep-), air, -t- as said above), but is a 17th century archaistie sense, base, shameful < alaxo^, ugliness, shame, ;

BTaTLKd^, causing to stand, < orarOf, standing
see aerostat and static.'] 1. Pertaining to aero-
statics.
2. Pertaining to aerostation, or the
art of aerial navigation.
A memorable event in the history of aerostatic science.
Tlie American, VIII. 317.
Aerostatic balance, an instrument, constructed on the
same principle as the barometer, for ascertaining the
weight of the air.
aerostatics (a"e-ro-stat'iks), n. [PI. of aero-
static : see -ics."] The science -which treats of
the weight, pressure, and equilibrium of air and
simulation of IIE. ey, egg. The word not being disgrace.] Wiitten by or pertaining to j33schy-
in current popular use, the pronunciation, prop, lus, an illustrious Athenian poet and dramatist,
a'ri in all spellings, has varied with the spell- born 525 B. c. ; resembling his writings or char-
ing ; the form aery or aerie is also pron. a'ri acteristic of them.
or a'e-ri, while many dictionaries, following .ffischynanthus (es-M-nan'thus), )(. [NL., < Gr.
Walker, give as tlie exclusive or as an alterna- aiuxi'rr/, shame (< a'laxi'vcadai, be ashamed), +
tive pronunciation e'ri, a purely pedantic pro- avtjoi;, a flower. The name has reference to the
nunciation, due to mistaking the ae- for the crimson or scarlet ('blushing') flowers. The
diphthong ae or fr. Similarly, the fonn eyry or species have been called blush worts.] genus A
eyrie, pron. usually like aery or aerie, is in pres- of beautiful epiphytal plants, natives of tropical
ent usage sometimes pron. i'ri.] 1. The nest Asia, natm-al order Gcsneracece, 'with pendent
of a bird of prey, as an eagle or a hawk hence, stems and scarlet or orange flowers. They are
;

other elastic fluids, and of the equilibrium of a lofty nest of any large bird. among the most splendid hothouse flowers.
bodies sustained in them. There the eagle and the stork aeschynite (es'ki-nit), n. [< Gr. a'laxiv!], shame,
aerostation (a"e-ro-sta'shon), ii. [< P. aerosta- On cliffs and cedar-tops their eiiries build. disgrace, + -ite".] rare mineral from Miask A
tion, improp. < aerostat, aerostat, in imitation of
Milton, P. L., vii. 424. in the Ural mountains, occurring in black pris-
words in -ation, like station, etc.] 1. The art 2. The brood in the nest the young of a bird matic ci'ystals, and containing niobium, titani-
;

or practice of aerial na\'igation ; the science of of prey ; figuratively, children. um, thorium, the cerium metals, and other im-
raising, suspending, and guiding machines in Glo. Our aiertj buildeth in the cedar's top. eommon elements. So called by Berzelius as being the
. . .

the air, or of ascending in balloons. Sf. The Q. Mar. \o\U' aiery buildeth in our aiery's nest.
Shak., Rich. III., i. 3.
*'disgrace"of chemistry, which atthetimeof its discovery
was unable to separate two of its constituents, titanic
science of aerostatics. acid and zirconia. Also spelled eschynite.
aerotherapeutics (a"e-r6-ther-a-pu'tik8), n. [< 3. An elevated habitation or situation.
.scIiynoniene (es-ld-nom'e-ne), n. [L., a
Gr. diip {dtp-), air, therapeutics.'] + mode of A Wlierever beauty dwell.
In gulf or aerie, mountain or deep dell. sensitive plant, < Gr. alcxivofiev^, a sensitive
treating disease by varying the pressiu'e or Keats, Endymion, ii. 94. plant, prop. fem. ppr. otalaxvveadai, be ashamed,
modifying the composition of the air surround- These men had from their eyrie seen us go up the glacier. pass, of aiCT;i;i'i'En', make ugly, disfigm'e, dis-
ing the patient. F. Jaeomb, in P. P. and Gl,, 2d ser., I. 328. (S. E. JJ.) honor; cf. alaxoc, ugliness, shame, dishonor.]
aerothermal (a"e-r6-th6r'mal), a. Pertaining aery2, aerie^ (a'ri : see etym. oiaery'^, n., at end), A genus of leguminous plants, with jointed
to or using hot air: as, Mouohot's aerother- V. i. [< er(/2, )!.] To build or have an aery. pods, pinnate leaves which are sometimes sen-
mal bakery, that is, a bakery in which the She (Pilhannaw. a monstrous great bird] aeries in the sitive, and usually yellow flowers. There are 30
baking is effected by heated air. TJre, Diet., woods upon the high hills of Ossapy. species, herbaceous or somewhat shrubby, of which 3 or
I. 487. Josselyn, New England's Rarities (1672), p. 41. 4 are widely distributed through the tropics, the rest be-
ing natives of America, from Patagonia to Virginia. The
aerotonometer (a"e-r6-to-nom'e-ter), n. [< Gr. aery-light (S'ri-Ut-), a. [< aery'^ light'^.] Light + stem of the East Indian ^E. aspera, remarkable for its
dcpdrovoi, stretched or driven by air (< dijp (dep-), as air. Milton. lightness, is cut into thin strips for the manufacture of
air, -I- Teiveiv, stretch), -1- ^terpov, measure.] An aes (ez), n. [L. s (<ct--), prop, ore, but applied hats. It is also made into swimming-jackets, floats for
instrument for determining the tension of gases chiefly to copper, or the alloy of copper and tin nets, etc., and is often worked into models of temples,
in the blood. flowers, etc.
(and sometimes lead), bronze hence, anything ;

aerotropism (a-e-rot'ro-pizm), n. [< NL. aero- made of copper or bronze ; in particular, coins, aeschynomenoust (es-ki-nom'e-nus), a. [< Gr.
aJc^ii'd/if I'oc, ppr. of af(7xri'eG6at, be ashamed see
tropismus, <.Gr. di/p (dep-), air, -f- -TpoTTo(;,<.Tpeirei.v, money; =
Goth, ais AS. ar, E. ore see orc-l.] In = :

tm-n, +
-ism.] In hot., deviation of roots from iJo.HW(/.,eoiiper or bronze; money or coins of ^schynomene.] Sensitive: applied to plants.
their normal' direction by the action of gases. copper or bronze money in general ; works of art ;
.^sculapian (es-kii-la'pi-an), a. and n. [< L. ^s-
Molisch cidapius, aecom. of Gr. iiaiJ^ri-iof, Dor. 'Auk'/m.-
or other objects made of bronze. See copper and
serugineoust (e-ro-jin'f-us), a. Same as ceru- hronse.JEs Corinthium, Corinthian bronze : the vari- n-(df, the god of medicine: see Asclepias.] I.
(jinous. Bailey. ous alloys and art-works in bronze produced at Corinth a. Of or pertaining to ^sculapius, god of medi-
seruginous (e-ro'ji-nus), a. [< L. (eriigiiiostis, had a very higli reputation in the ancient world, par- cine; medical; pertaining to the healing art.
< (criujo (a^rugin-), rust of copper see arugo.] ticularly .among the Romans. ^3 Cyprium (literally,
: II. n. A medical man; a physician: gen-
Cyprian ore or metal; see copper), copper. .ffis grave humorous sense.
1. Pertaining to or of the nature of verdigris erally in a
(see graved), a general term applied to the large, heavy
or the rust of copper. bronze coins of the libral system, first issued in Italy by Also spelled Esculapian.
 ;

sesculin 96 afar
aesculin, sescnline. See escuUn, eseuliM. JEtea, (e-te'a), n. [NL. origin not obvious.] .ffitidae (e'ti-de), n. pi. Same as JSteidee.
; .1
^sculus (es'ku-lus), n. [L., the Italian oak: The typical genus of ^teidcr. jE. anguinca is aetiological, etiological (e'ti-o-loj'i-kal), o. il
see esculin, etc.] A
genus of trees and shrubs, known as snake-coralline. Also written ^ta. [< Gr. a'lTiolo-jiKoi;, inquiring into causes: see |
natural order .teidae (e-te'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < ^tea + -ida:.'] (VtioIogy.~\ Of or pertaining to a'tiology con- ;

^^/'\ Sapindaeetr, A family of chUostomatous polyzoans, t\'pified nected with or dependent upon the doctrine of
'-J^J. chiefly North by JEtea, erect and free or decumbent and elficient or physical causes, as distinguished
American, Tvith adherent, uniserial, with subterminal mem- from teleological or final causes.
broad digitate branous area and tubular zooeeia. Also wi-it- The practical results of etiologicxii studies, so far as tlie
leaves and ten JEtida. prevention and ciu-e of disease are concerned, are likely
be much gi-e.ater than those which have been gained by
showy flowers .SthalilUU (e-tha'li-um), ;;. [NL.,< Gr. nida7.o, to the pathologists. (;. M. Sternhenj, Bacteria, p. 230.
in large pani- smoke, soot with ref. to the abundant dust-Uke
;

cles. spores. Cf. FuUgo, an allied genus, < li.fuligo, aetiologically,

etiologically (e ti-o-loj'i-kal-i),
The seeds
adr. In an (etiological manner; with regard
are large, of the soot. J 1. A genus of Alyxumycetes, or slime-
the assignment of a cause as, an
shape aud color
of chestnuts, but
molds, forming thick cake-like receptacles cov- to cause, or :

a'tiologically obscure failure of nutrition.

too bitter to be ered by a brittle cortex, and closely adherent
eaten. The timber to the smi'aee on which they grow. They are aetiologist, etiologist
(e-ti-ol'o-jist), . One
is of little value. often found in hothouses where spent tan is used for heat- who is versed in setiology; one who investi-
The horse-chest- ing purposes, and hence are sometimes called rfouwef of tan. gates physical causes, or inquires into the re-
nut, ^. liippocas-
tanum, supposed
2. [/. c] A similar receptacle in any genus: lations of such causes to effects in physics or
to be originally nith a plural, (cthalia (-a). biology often used as the opposite of tele-
:

from northern In- aetheling, . See athcJing. ologist.

dia, is very exten- aetheogam (a-e'the-o-gam), n. [< Gr. aetiology, etiology (e-ti-ol'o-ji), n. [< LL. a-tio-
aifiiji;.

ornamental
sively
as an
cultivated unusual (< h- priv. +
custom: see ethic), +
;/Woc, logia, < Gr. a'mo'/.oyia, statement of the cause
shade- tree, and the yauoi;, man'iage.] In De Candolle's system of (cf. a'irioTioyelv, inquire into the cause, account
fruits are used in classification, a plant belonging to a group of for), < a'lria, cause, +
-?.o}ia. < ?.eyen', speak:
^sculus Hifpoeastanum. southern Europe cryptogams which were the only ones of the see -oIogy.~\ 1. An inquiry into or a theory
Sower &, seed ; c, seed cut loi^tudinally. for feeding sheep of the physical causes of any class of phenom-
, ;

and horses. The

order then known to have sexual organs, includ-
American species, growing in the western and southern ing the Equisetacea:, Filices, Musci, higher Hepa- ena.
United States, have the popular name buckeye (which see). ticfc, etc. Morphology, distribution, and physiology investigate
detennine the facts of liiology. .i-^tiolnijif has for its
.Sshna (esh'na), n. See ^sehna. aetheogamous (a-e-the-og'a-mus), II. Belong- and
object the .ascertainnieiit of the causes of these facts, aiul
.sir (a'ser, Icel. pron. a'sir, mod. i'sir), n. pi. ing to the aetheogams. the expliination of biological phenomena, by showing that
[Icel., nom.
of ass, a god: see As^.^ The aether, n. See ether^.
pi. they constitute particular cases of general physical Jaws.
collective name for the gods of Scandinavian my- jEtheria (e-the'ri-a), n. [NL., appar. named It is hardly needful to say that ixtioloiiii, .as thus con-
thology. There were twelve gods and twenty-six god- from the briUiancy of the interior surt'ace, < L. ceived, is in its infancy. Huxky. Anat". Invert., p. 37.
desses, dwellers in Asgard. See Asgard. (Ftheriiis, < Gr. aidepio(, 2. Specifically, in med., an inquiry into or ac-
sesnec^, . See esnecy. of the ether or upper count of the origin or causes of disease, or of
.sopiail (e-s6'pl-an), a. [< L. JEsopiu.t, < JEso- air, heavenly, ethe- a particular kind or case of disease.
piix, Gr. Aiau-or, ^sop.] Pertaining to .^ilsop, real see ethereal.']
an ancient Greek writer of fables, of whom lit- genus of bivalve mol-
: A
Sometimes written aitiology.
aetites (ii-e-ti'tez), ji. [L., "< Gr. uer/r//f, eagle-
tle or nothing is certainly known composed by lusks, of the family
; stone, < aerdg, eagle.] Same as eaglestone.
him or in his manner as, a fable in the ^so- Un ion idw, f oiuid in the
:
.^tnean, a. See Etnean.
pian style. Also spelled Esopian. rivers of Africa and .^tolian (e-to'li-an), a. and n. [< L. .JSiolia,
aestates (es-ta'tez), n. pi. [L., freckles, pi. Madagascar river- <(ir. A't7(j?.ia, JEtolia.]
; I. a. Relating or per-
of (BSta(t-)s, summer, summer heat: see esti- oysters. taining to .lEtolia, a ilistrict of Greece lying
The exterior is
val.l In med., heat-spots; fi-eckles; sunburnt rugged, but the interior north of the gulf of Corinth, or to the race who
patches. of the valves is pearly, of anciently inhabited it jEtollan League, a ilemo-
aesthematology, . See esthematology. a vivid green color, and .^thrriastmiiunara. cratic confederation of the tribes of ancient .Kti>lia, some-
raised in small blisters. times including the people of various neit^hlmring re-
aesthesia (es-tUe'si-ji), n. [NL., < Gr. alaOrjat^, The natives of Nubia adorn their tombs with them. Also
gions, celebrated for its long successful wars against the
perception by the senses, < aiadavcadai, perceive spelled Etheria, as originally by Lamarck, ISOS. Macedonians, .\cheans, etc.
by the senses.] Perception; feeling; sensa- aetheriid (e-the'ri-id), . A bivalve mollusk of II. H. One of the race anciently inhabiting
tion; sensibility: the opposite of anasthcsia the family JEthcriida. iEtolia. The .^itolians, though fannuis in the heroic
(which see). Also written esthcsia, (csthcsix. .SItheriidae (e-the-ri'i-de), n.pl. [NL., < JEthe- age, were rude aud barbartms as late as the time of the
estheiiis. ria + -irfrt'.] family of molhisks. of whicli A I'clopomiesian war, and were not even reckoned as (J reeks
till a late period but they attained to coosi,l,-rable power
sesthesiogen, sestliesiogeiiic, etc. See estlic- .Etheria is the ty{)ieal genus. Also written .Ethi- ;

thiough their warlike prowess after the time of Alcxandei-

ni'iijcn, etc. rioidw, JEtherida; JEtfieriada; and Etherida: the tJreat and their gallantry agamet the invading tJauls.
aesthesiology, aesthesiometer, etc. See estkc- .thiop, -Sthiopiant. See Ethiup, Ethiopia)/. aetomorph (!i'e-to-m6rt), n. A
member of the
siilllKJIJ. etc.
aethiopst (o'thi-ojis), n. [NL., after L. JElhiops. .ie'tomorphw ; a bird of prey.
aesthesis (cs-the'sis), . Same as wsthesia. Ethiopian: see Ethiop.] An old j)liarinaci'uti- Aetomorphae (a"e-to-ra6r'"fe), n. pi. [NL., <
Also spt-Ued cxtlie.',-is. cal term applied to several niineriil prepiira- tir. rifro;-, an eagle, + fiopipi/, fonii, shape.] In
aesthesodic, aesthete, etc. See esthesodic, etc. tions of a black or nearly black color. Also iiniith., the birds of prey; a group equivalent
aestiferous, aestival, etc. See estifermis, etc.
.Sstrelata, ". See (Estrelata.
spelled ethiops .ffithlops martial [< I., mariiaiis. of
-Uars, i. e., of iron], bhuk n\id of iron. JEthlops min-
to the liaptores or Accipitres of most atithors.
Named by Huxley in ISti" as a superfamily of thedesniog-
aestoancet (t-s'tu-ans), n. [< L. cestuan(t-)s, ppr. eral, blucksulphid of niercnry,preparcdinthelrtb<init<>i\. iiathous division of the order Cnrinatif, and divided liy
biin into the four families of Slriijitlir, Cittharlittfr, Gyptv-
of iialunri', burn,' glow: see o'.ftuate.'] Heat; aethogen (e'tho-jen), . [< Gr. alDoc, a burning
warmth: as, "regiilated estuancc from wine,'' heat (see ether). -ytvi/r, taken as 'produ- + liiUr. iuel tiupny ranida-. The characters of the group
are drawn chielly from osteology, but arc those of the
Sir '/'. linnrnc. Also spelled c.sluance. cing': see -ge)i.] Nitrid of bonm; a wliito, Itiij'Uirrx ;us commonly undcrstootl.
sestoary (es'tii-a-ri), n. ; pi. aslimrics (-riz). [< amorphous, tasteless, inodorous ii()W<ler, insol- aetomorphic (a"o-t6-m6r'fik), a. Having the
L. iBstuarium, a vent-hole for vapors, also an uble in water, infusible, and non-volatile. eliaracters of or pertaining to the Aetomorphw
estuary, < asluari, rage, bum, warm: Heated in an ulcohol-llanie fetl with oxyK"ti. it burns
be see rapidly with faint greenish-white liimie. iVatln.
rajitorial, as a bird.
esluary.'] 1. A vapor-bath, or any other means :l
Aetosauria [NL., < Gr.
(Ji"e-t6-sa'ri-a), . pi.
for conveying heat to the body. 2. Sec culiKtrif.
aethrioscope(etli'ri-o-skoii), n. [<Gr.alW/)m, (ho
(ipeu sky (< uWjiior, clear, fair, in the open air.
lifrrlf, eagle, + aai'po^, order of
lizard.] An
aestnatet (es'tu-at), v. i. [< L. (i:Hluatu.'<, i)p. of saurians represented by the family Ai'tusauri-
< alOpij, the open sky, < a'ttiiip, the sky, the upper
imluiiri, burn, glow, rage, boil up, < ivHtiia, a ilii' (wliieli see). 0. ('. Marsh.
burning, glow, fire, surge, etc.: see e.itiiary, air, > E. ether), bkottciv, observe, look al.] + A^tosauridae (!i"e-to-K;l'ri-de), n. fil. [NL., <
entival.'} To boil; swell and rage ; be agitated. An instrument for measuring the miiiule variii- Ji'l<ixaiinis+ -idie.] A I'aiuily of oxdnctTriassic
Also spelleil rutuate. tionsof tempcratiiri' due to dilTci-cMt conilitions
reptiles allied to or of t lie oi'derof dinosaui'ians,
of the sky. It ciiiBists of a diltiivntiiil tliinm.nieler
aestnatlont (cs-tii-a'shon), n. [< Ij. <rstuatio(n-), (wliitdl Her, uniler thrrmoiiu-trr), both Imlbs of which arc
witli liiubs and dei-nuil arnuiture rescnililing
<(i-l,itirc : Hi-iurnluate.'] boiling; agitation; A within a cu|)-Hbuped mirror, one of them in it* focuM. no those of crocodilians, (he calcaiioum produced
cijiumotiou of a fluid; hence, violent mental a-H t( be ej)ectaUy affecteil on being expoHed to the k>. liaikwnrd. ami two sacral vertebra). U, C.
commotion; fxiitcment: as, " r.ilimliiin.i ot i<iy 'I'llo cup is Kci)t covered with a lid when the hiHtriniii-nt i-*
Miir.-h.
ftnd fcnr?," M.niiiloffue. not in use. Its delicucy is mo great that It i nllected by
Also Hpellc(lc.v/Hrt/ioH. every piLssing cloud. AetosaUTUS (ii^e-to-sii'rus), n. [NL.,< Gr. derfif,
IMtn [Irrog. < L. rtw^(orr, be in
I, .
fom. eiiglo,
-1- oniyjof,
a lizard.] A genua of extinct
'" .thusa (e-thii'sii), n. [NL., < Gr. althvaa,
rage, etc., as if for crKliis,
'il,
of itiiluv,
reptiles, representing the family Aetoxaurida'.
ppr. of aiOciv, burn, blaze: see dher.']
mtn-. ".ni.iv.s: Bf.f. w^tuate.] Violence; com- aeuia, aevia. In ehmeh muftie, a contraction
In hot., a genus of 1. tiiiibillifc>roiis jilants, nt'
motion. AIho spelled csture. iillihnil. See hall, liiiilh.
a single species, .7:.'. I'yiiaiiiiiiii, introduced inlu ..f
Tlic oiui retain
"Wly their ontrogooiiN irtturr tliere.
'
America from Europe, ami known as foolV- aeviternalt, aeviternallyt, etc. Soo emicrnal,
elo.
Ctifiptimii, Oilyfwey, xll. 111. parsley. it l* an annual garden-wcfd. if tniUNcnuH and
'
(leleterloUH propertii-H, and Ik tHjniellnH-nilntukenfnrpar JEx (eks), II. In .too/., same as Aijr.
set.. II IoHh, gen. of irlti{t-),
U.'y, whence ItH common name.
'

af-. Assimilated I'orin of Latin ad-, also an eiTO-

lit-.
'I Of the Hgr; iiged: 2. In :oiil., a genus of decapod cniHtoceans, of iieoMs form of other ]irelixes, before./'. See (/i/-.
cl,..
Ol.l^
s'lioliirly i'|iilM|iliH or the familv horiiijiidd'. aface (n-fiis'), prep. ]>hr. as adr. [< face.] +
I'osiil in Kngli-li or in ABtlan di-e'slii-nn), . [< lAi. Ae'tius, Or. 'M- lul'aee; in front. [Kare.]
Ult (or iiliil.) 7ii: in full ri'ii-, a personal name, < 'iuTio^, nhemf, aiiTiiii,, afar (ii-flir'), adr. [< ME. nfer, aj'erre, nfer,
I.ati <

".) MI)<:WLX,\.X, ran- of (lie eagle, < ArT/ir, nirrdf, eagle.] One of a "/'(ir, commonly Heparn(<'il, a fer, a ferr, earliest
nil] I' Imt i", ho for 'ln') diod
'
sect of strict Arians of thi> fourth cenlury, form a ferriiiii, on ferriim {-iim is the dat. siif-
in(th<' 'i iitlot.h niiniod from their loader Aetius, called the lix), ol fair, equiv. in sense to AS. /corran,
jrenr of ken as AllieiHt (died in Coimtantinoi'le, A. 1>. 307). from I'nr: ME. /', from (10. of, prefix aA), Inter
I

''70 (fii
Hi'o Eunomian and Jiioinaaii. contused with on, a (E. on, ])refix a-'i); feor,
 ;
; ; : ; ;

afar 97 affect

later /fr, far. Cf. atiear.'] 1. From far; from fabulatio(n-), story, ifabulari, narrate, ifaJnda, allied to affeci^ ; the two verbs, with their de-
a distance now usually preceded hy from.
: tale, fable see fable] The moral of a fable.
: rivatives, run into each other, and cannot be
He sawc a place a/er [var. a/eer], Wijcli/, Geu. xxii. Bdik'il. completely separated.] I. trans. 1. To aim

And/mm afcr came walking in the mede. affablilatoryt (a-fab'u-la-to-ri), a. Having a at ; asjjire to ; endeavor after.
Chaucer, Prol. to Good Women, 1. 212. moral an affabidatory allegory. [Rare.]
: as, In this point charge him home, that he affects
Held/rom afar, aloft, the immortal prize. affadyllt, . A variant of o_^'orfJW. See daffodil. Tyraimical power. Shale, Cor., iii. 3.

Pope, Essay on Criticism, 1. 90. affainf (a-tan'), r. t. [< af- + fain, an old spell- But this proud man affects imperial sway.
ing of fii<in ; witli ref. to L. affiiiijcrc, adjiiii/err, Ifrydcn, Iliad.
2. Far ; far away ; at or to a distance ; re-
motely in place : now usually followed by off. add falsely, < ad, to, fint/cre. make, invent, + 2. To use or adopt by preference; choose;
be hem selue. feign: see./esr;.] To lay to one s charge falsely prefer tend toward habitually or naturally.
;
Afcr fro hem, alle
Chaucer, House of Fame, 1. 1215. or feignediy. [Rare.] Musing Meditation most affects
Abrah.am lifted up his eyes, and saw the place afar of. Those errors which are maliciously affained to him. The pensive secrecy of desart cell.
Gen. xxii. 4. Bp. Hall, Christ. Moderation, p. 35.
Milton, Comus, 1. 38fl.
The steep where Fame's proud temple shines afar. "[< The peculiar costume which he affected.
Eeattie, Minstrel, 1.
affair (a-far'), 11. ME. afere, affere, < OF. Thackeray, Newcomes, I. 126. (if. E. D.)
The coronach stole
i.
afaire, afeire (F. affaire Pr. afar, afaircz= = The drops of every fluid affect a round flgiu'e.
Sometimes afar and sometimes anear. It. affare), orig. a prep, phrase, a faire (F. a Newton, Optickfl.
Tennyson, Dying Swan. faire= It. a fare), to do: a, < L. ad, to; faire 3. To be pleased with take pleasure in; fancy;
{Shakspere uses afar off also in the sense of remotely in de* = It. fare, < L. facere, do see fact. E. ado :
Hke; love.
;

gree indirectly.
;
is of parallel formation.] 1. Anything done
He tliat shall speak for her is afar o^ guilty, No profit grows where is no pleasure ta'en ;

or to he done that which requires

; action or In study what you most affect.
But that he speaks. Shak., W. T., ii. 1. brief, sir,
effort ; a moving interest ; business concern Shak., T. of theS., i. 1.
A kind of tender made afar off by .Sir Hugh here.
;

Shak., M. W. of W., i. l.J as, this is an affair.ot great moment; a man of They [the Koreans] more particularly affect the flowering
affairs ; affairs of state. shrubs, to a comparative neglect of the annuals.
afearf (a-fer'), r. t. [Now only E. dial., often Science, V. 262.
shortened to 'fear ; < ME. afcren, < AS. dfccrati, Thy constellation is right apt
For this affair. Shak., T. N., i. 4. Maria once told me, she did affect me.
ten'ify, <a- + /ScaM(>ME. ycre), terrify, <.f(er, Shak., T. N., ii. 6.
The nature of oiu* popular institutiuiis requires a nu-
danger, teiTor, fear: see /carl.] To cause to merous magistracy, for whom competent provision must be With two of them at once I am in love
fear; frighten; terrify; malte afraid. made, or we may be certain our ajtairs will always be Deeply and eciually the third of them
;

committed to improper liands, and experience will teach My silly brother here as much affects.
Clerkes may here wepen to rt/ere theues. . . .
Chapman, The Blind Beggar.
Lives Pauper (\V. de Worde), V. xi.\. 222. (iV. E. D.)
A- us that no governmeut costs so much as a bad one.
As ghastly bug does greatly them affearc. A. Hamilton, Continentalist, No. 6. 4. To make a show of put on a pretense of ;

Spenser, F, Q., II. iii. 20. Services to those around in the small affairs of life assume the appearance of; pretend; feign: as,
may be, and often are, of a kind which there is equal to affect ignorance.
afeard, afeared (a-ferd'), p. a. [< ME. afered, pleasure in giving and receiving.
aferd, p. see a/ear and -erf2. No connection
a,. : H. Spencer, Data of Ethics, 102. I affect to be intoxicated with sights and suggestions,
but I am not intoxicated. Emerson, Self-reliance.
with afraid.'] Affected with fear frightened; ;
2. Matters of interest or concern partic-
2]l.
afraid. [Now colloquial or vulgar.] ular doings or interests; specifically, pecuniary
;
5. To use as a model; imitate in any way.
Be not afeard ; the isle is full of noises. Spenser, in affecting the ancients, writ no language.
interests or relations: as, to meddle with a
Shak., Tempest, B. Jonson, Discoveries.
iii. 2.
neighbor's affairs ; his affairs are in an embar-
Nor can
he, however laudatory of the masters he af-
afebrile (a-feb'ril), a. [< Gr. a- priv. (a-18) + rassed state. upon other modern poets except with
fected in youth, look
febrile.] Without fever;
feverless. Not I, but my affairs, have made you wait. the complacency felt by one who listens to a stranger's
The course of subcutaneous fractures without extravasa- Shak., M. of v., ii. 6. rude handling of the native tongue.
tion of blood is usually afebrile. 3. Anevent or a performance ; a particular ac- Stedman, Vict. Poets, p. 402.
Beljield, Rel. of Micro-Org. to Disease, p. 38.
tion, operation, or proceeding; milit., a partial 6t. To resemble ; smack of.
Afer (a'fer), n. [L., African, used by Milton or minor engagement or contest; a skirmish: He hath a trick of Coeur-de-Lion's face
for Africiis (sc. ventus, wind), the southwest as, when did this affair happen f an affair of The accent of his tongue affecteth him.
Shak., K. John, L 1.
wind, bio wing from Africa It. Affrico or Gher- ; honor, or of outposts.
bino, Garbino.] The southwest wind. MiUon. In this little affair of the advanced posts, I am concerned Il.t intrans. 1. To incline; be disposed.
aff (af), jirey). andadi'. Off. [Scotch.] Aff-han', to add that Lieut. B. was killed. Wellimjton's Despatches. 2. To make a show; put on airs; manifest
offhand; without reserve frankly. Burns. AS hajlds, ;
4. A private or personal obncem; a special affectation.

hands off. AfF-lOOf, right off from memory, or with-
function, business, or duty. affect^ (a-fekf), V. t. [<L. affectus, pp. of aff^
out premeditation. Burns. To feeze aff. ^ee feezed. cere, adficere, act upon, influence, affect, attack
affa (af'a), [The native name.] A weight,
)(.
Oh generous youth my coimsel take. !

And warlike acts forbear with disease, lit. do to, < ad, to, -1- facere, do,
equal to an oimce, used on the Guinea coast. Put on white gloves and lead folks out. make. Cf. affect^.] 1. To act upon; produce
Also spelled offa. For that is your affair. Lady M. W. Montagu. an effect or a change upon; influence move or ;

affability (af-a-bil'i-ti), 11. [< late ME. affa- To marry a rich foreign nobleman of more than thrice touch as, cold affects the body ; loss affects our :

bj/lite, < OF. F. affabiliie, < L. affabili-

affahiU'ie, her age was precisely her affair.
interests.
ta(t-)s, < affabilitf, affable: see affable.] The J. Hawthorne, Dust, p. 102.
There was not a servant in the house whom she did not
quality of being affable readiness to converse ; 5. Thing matter ; concern applied to any-
; :
. infinitely rtj^isci with her comisell. Evelyn, Vtiary ,\&^b.
. .

or be addressed; ci\ility in intercourse; ready thing made or existing, with a descriptive or On the whole, certain kinds of particles affect certain
condescension benignity. ; qualifjaug term as, this machine Is a compli-
: parts of the spectrum. Lockyer, Spect. Ajial., p. 142.
Hearing of her beauty, and her wit. cated affair ; his anger is an affair of no con- The whole character and fortune of the individual are
Her affability, and bashful modesty. sequence. affected by the least inequalities in the cultiu-e of the un-
Shak., T. of the S.,ii. 1. derstanding. Emerson, Nature.
He had a majestic presence, with much dignity, and at
"They are offended," said Kristian Koppig, leaving the
house, and wandering up to the little Protestant affair 2t. To urge; incite. Joye. 3t. To render lia-
the same time affability of manner. known as Christ Church. ble to a charge of; show to be chargeable with.
Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 18. a. W. Cable, Old Creole Days, p. 231. By the civil law, if a dowry ^vith a wife be promised and
= Syn. Sociability, approachableness, accessibility, urban- 6t. Endeavor ; attempt. not paid, the husband is not obliged to allow her alimony.
ity,complaisance, suavity, comity, amenity, friendliness, But if her parents shall become insolvent by some misfor-
openness.
And with his best affair obeyed the pleasure of the sun. tune, she shall have alimony, unless you can affect them
Chapman, Iliad, v. 503. Parergon
affable (af 'a-bl), a. [= F. affable, < L. affabilis, ASfalr of honor, a duel. with fraud. Ayliffe, (1726), p. 69.

adfabiUs, easy to be spoken to, < affari, adfari,

affamisllt (a-fam'ish), V. t. or i. [<F. affamer, 4. To assign ; allot ; apply now only in the :

speak to, address, < ad, to, fari, speak see +

OF. afumcr, afemer Pr. afamar It. affamarc, :
= = passive.
fable.] 1. Easy of conversation or approach One of the domestics was affected to his especial service.
starve,<L. ad, to, -H /amis, hunger: see/a?tt!s/i.] Thackeray, Vanity Fair, III. 8.
admitting others to intercourse without reserve To starve.
courteous complaisant of easy manners; kind A considerable number of estates were affected to the
;
affamishinentt (a-fam'ish-ment), n. The act
;
use of the Imperial family under the name of appanages.
or benevolent in manner: now usually applied
of star\'ing, or the state of being starved. D. M. Wallace, Russia, p. 473.
to those high-placed or in authority as, an af- :
= Syn. 1. To work upon to concern, relate to, interest,
wilderness for the affamishment of his Carried into the ;

fable prince. body. Bp. Hall, Contemplations, iv. bear upon to melt, soften, subdue, change. Affect and
;

An affable and courteous gentleman. effect are sometimes confused. To affect is to influence,
v. t.
Shak., T. of the [< L. as if *affa-
S.,
affatuatet (a-fat'u-at),
concern to effect is to accomplish or bring about.
2.
+
i. ;

tuatus, pp. of 'affatuari, < ad, to, fatuari, be affect^t (a-fekf), ". [< ME. affect, < L. affectus,
He is so insufferably affable that every man near him
would like to give him a beating. foolish. Cf. infatuate.] To infatuate. Milton. adfectus, a state of mind or body produced by
Thackeray, Newcomes, I. xiii. affatuate, affatuated (a-fat'u-at, -a-ted), a. some (external) influence, esp. sympathy or
2. Expressing or betokening affability ; mild [< L. 'affntitatiif:, pp., after infatuate, a., q. v.] love, < afficere, act upon, influence: see affect^,
;

benign : as, an affable countenance. Infatuated. [Obsolete or poetical.] V. Affect, n., like affection, is formally a deriv.
His manner was very unpretending too simple to be They
are so much affatuated, not with his person of affect^, v., but in usage it rests also in part
. . .

termed affable ; ... he did not condescend to their so- only, but with liis palpable faults, and dote upon his de- upon 1. Affection; passion; sensa-
affect^.]
ciety
he seemed glad of it. formities. Milton, Pref. to Eikonoklastes.
tion; inclination; inwarddispositionorfeeling.
Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, xxvii. You^U see a hundred thousand spell-bound hearts
=Syn. Courteous, civil, complaisant, accessible, mild, By art of witchcraft so affatuate. My gray-headed senate in the laws
benign, condescending, communicative, familiar, easy, That for his love they'd dress themselves in dowlas Of strict opinion and severe dispute
gracious, conversable. And fight with men of steel. Would tie the limits of omr free affects,
Sir H. Taylor, Ph. van Art., II., v. 2. Like superstitious Jews.
affableness (af'a-bl-nes), n. Affability. Ford, Love's Sacrifice, t L
affably (af'a-bli), adv. In an affable maimer; affearlf, " t. Same as afear. Rachel, I hope I shall not need to urge
court t'i>utsly! affear^t, v. t. Obsolete form of affeer. The sacred purity of our affects.
affabroust (af 'a-brus), a. [< L. affaber, adfa- affectl (a-fekf), V. [< ME. affecten, < OF. af- B. Jonson, Case is Altered, L
ber. skilfully made, < ad, to, +
faber, skilful, fecfer, < L. affectare, adfectare, strive after a The affects and passions of the heart.
workmanlike, < faber, workman: see fabric] thing, aim to do, aspire to, pursue, imitate Bacon, Nat. Hist., 97.
Skilfully Bailey. made. with dissimulation, feign; also, in pass., be 2. State or condition of body ; the vry in
affabulationt (a-fab-u-la'shon), . [=P. affa- attacked by disease; freq. of aff cere, adficere, which a thingis affected or disposed. Wiseman,
hulatkm, < L. as if *affabulatio{n-), < ad, to, + act upon, influence : see affect^, which is nearly Surgery.
 ; ; ;
;

98 affectuous
affectate
(a-fek'ting), p. a. [Ppr. of affecfl.-] affectional (a-fek'shon-ijl). a Relating to or
r< L. afeetatus. pp. of affecting^
affectatet (a-f ek'tat), a.
(irrertare: see affect^.} Affected; marked by 1. Loriug; affectionate. 2. Using affectation
implying affection ; relating to the affections.
Elyot, Diet. affected. God has made women, as men, compound creatures,
afiV'-tation. ^ ^
[< Li. affecta- I never heard such a drawling-o/ecKn^ rogue.
with a fivefold nature and it cannot be that either side, :

affectation (af-ek-ta'shon), ". Shak., M. W. of W., ii. 1. physical, mental, moral, affectional, or spiritual, can suffer
tio(n-), adfeclatioin-), a stri\-ing after,
affecta- loss without injury to the whole.
affecting^ (a-fek'ting), p. a. [Ppr. of affecf^.'\ Quoted in Sex and Education, p. 172.
tion, coneeit, < afectare, ad/ectare, stnve
after,
power to excite or move the feelings;
affect, imitate
:'
see afect'i:'\ It. btrenuous Hii\iug
affectionate (a-fek'shon-St), a. [< affection +
pursuit or desire ; earnest quest ; a striving m
tending to move the affections; pathetic: as,
-ati-\ Mi^'gi'sted by F. affcctionnc, pp. of affec-
an affecting spectacle ; an affecting speech.
the direction (of). tionmr: st;t.' affection, c] 1. Having great love
I suppose you are siu-prised that I am not more sorrow-
Pretended sedition and afectation of the crowiL ful at parting with so many near relations to be sure 'tis
or affection; warmly attached; fond; kind;
Bp. Pearton, Expos, of Creed, p. 293.
;

verj' arft'ctiiiij. Sheridan, School for Scandal, iv. 1. loving: as, an H^eeftOHOte brother.
The afTeclation of being Gay and in Fashion has very = Syn. Movins, touching, impressive, stirring. Her father appears to have been as bad a father as a
and our KeUgion.
' eaten up our Good
nearly Sense
Steele, Spectator. affectingly (a-fek'ting-U), adi: In an affecting very honest, affectionate, and sweet-tempered man can well
manner to excite emotion. be. Macaulay, ^ladame D'Arblay.
in a
2. A striving for the appearance (of) ; pre- iiuiuiu-r;
tense of the possession or character (of); effort affection
(a-fek'shon), n. [< affeetiun, 2t. Devoted in feeling; zealous. ME
< OF. affection, < L. aff'ectio{n-), a state In their love of God, and desire to please him, men can
for the reputation (of): as, an affectation of (ilffctiun, never be too affectionate. Bp. Sprat, Sermons.
wit or of virtue ; affectation of great -svealth. of mind or feeling, especially a favorable state,
love, affection, < afficere, adjicere, act upon, in- 3. Characterized by or manifesting affection;
His arguments are stated with the utmost affectation of
precision. Uacaulay, Mill on Government. fluence: see affect^. Affection is formally a possessing or indicating love tender ; warm- ;

In matters of taste the .inglo-Saxon mind seems always deriv. of affect^,

to have felt a painful distrust of itself, which it betrays
either in an affectation of burly contempt or in a pretence
of admiration equally insincere.
Loicell. Study Windows, p. 396.
3. A striving for effect ; artificiality of maimer
but in usage it rests also in hearted: as, the affectionate care of a parent.
part on affecfi-.l 1. The state of having one's He (Lord Russell] had sent to Kettlewell an affectionate
feelings affected; bent or disposition of mind; message from the scaffold. .Macattlay, Hist. Eng., xiv.
phase of mental disposition ; feeling. Victor Emmanuel was a man of strong family feeling
Beware chiefly of two affections, fear and love. and affectionate disposition.
Latimer, 2d Sermon bef. Edw. VI., 1560. J?. Dicey, Victor Emmanuel, p. 152.

or conduct ; effort to attract notice by pretense,

disposed or inclined : with to.
Affection is applicable to an unpleasant as well as a Strongly
assumption, or any peculiarity : as, his affecta- pleasant state of the mind when impressed by any object 4t.
Affectionate to the war with France.
tions are insufferable. or quality. Cogan, On the Passions, i. 1.
BacoJi, Hist, of Hen. VII.
A nectation is an awkward and forced imitation of what Specifically (a) A general name for that class of feelings
which bear an immediate relation of attraction or hos- 5t. Biased ;
should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that ac- partizan. = Sjni. Warm-hearted, tender-
companies what is naturah Locke, Education. tiUty toward other persons, and ~ ^-, _
even toward tilings, as bearteil, attached, devoted.
/ . , , , -. ,

The good sense and good taste which had weeded out love, esteem, gratitude, hatred, jealousy, etc. Tliis use
of affectlOnatet (a-iek shon-at), V. t. or 1. To af-
frequent ethical discussions, as in the " '" ' ''
"- ''

affectation from moral and political treatises would, in the the term is most in feet; be affected, inclined, or disposed. ' -

natural course of tilings, have effected a similar reform in common distinction between benevolent and malecolent Be kindly affectioiiateil one to anotlier.
the sonnet and the ode. Uacaulay, Dryden. affections.
Cainbridije X. T., 1 083 (Rom. xii. 10).
The affectioTis and the reason are both undoubtedly ne-
4t. Affection; fondness. Give me but ten diiys respite, and I will reply.
cessary factors in morality, but the initiation is not in the
Bonds of affectation between man and wife.
. . .
reason, but in the affections.
Which or to whom myself aff'ectionates.
Bp. Halt, Cases of Conscience, iv. 3. Greene, Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay.
Foirler, Shaftesbury and Hutcheson, p. 217.
affectationlst (af-ek-ta'shon-ist), n. [< affec- The hues of sunset make life great so the affections affectionately (a-fck'shon-at-li), fl(Ji'. 1. In an ;

tation +
-ist.} One who indulges in affectation make some little web of cottage and fireside populous, atl'ec-tionate maimer; with affection; fondly;
one who is given to putting on airs. important, and filling the main space in our history. tenderly ; kindly.
Enierson, Success.
It is just the kind of phrase to be petted, as it is, by cer- Being affectionately desirous of you. 1 Thes. ii. 8.
tain affectatiunuits. F. Hall, Mod. Eng., p. 94. (6) Desire; inclination; appetite; propensity, good or
evil as, virtuous or vile affections. Bom. i. 26 Gal. v. 24. 2t. In a biased manner ; in the manner of a
affectedl (a-fek'ted). p. a. [< affeef^ -fd2.] +
(ct) One of the passions or violent emotions.
;

inirtizan.
;

It. Beloved: as, "his ^efferf Hercules," C7m/;-
man, Iliad, viii. 318. 2. Having an
disposition, or inclination of any kind inclined
or disposed : as, well affected to government or 2.
toward a project.
ilost wretched man. lie dotli in that place affectionately and unjustly re-
affection, That to affections does the bridle lend. prove both the Bishop of Rome and Ale.vandria.
;
Spenser, F. Q., II. iv. 34. Abp. Whitrii/t, Works, II. 186.
A
settled good will, love, or zealotis attach- affectionateneSS (a-fek'shon-St-nes), ii. The
ment : as, the affection of a parent for his child ,,^1;^^. ..f |,^,,,, aftVctionato ;' fondness ; good :

Made their minds evil affected against the brethren. generally followed by /or, sometimes by to or to- .^^.^ . ;,)Yeotion
Acts xiv. 2.
tcard, before the object,
Dryden and Pope, however, kept their strength for
How he doth stand affected to our purpose. Affection turn'd to hatred threatens mischief. satire and Invective, and this style does not easily com-
Shak., Rich. III., iii. 1.
Ford, Lady's Trial, ii. 2.
port with lienrtv affect ionateness.
3. Assumed artificially; not natural: as, af-
[Essex! desired to inspire, not gratitude, but affection. .V. A. Hei'., CXXXIX. 687.
fected airs. Macaulay, Lord Bacon.
affectioned (a-fek'shoud), p. a. [< affection +
Of all his epistles, the least affected are those addressed I think no modern writer has inspired his readers with 1. Having a certain
-ed-. Cf. affectionate.']
to the dead or the unborn. Uacaulay, Petrarch. such atl'ection to his own personality.
Fmerson, Sir W. Scott disposition of feeling ; ilisposed. [Archaic]
4. Given to affectation ; assuming or pretend-
Natural instinct or impulse sympathy. Bo kindly affectioned one to another. Rom. xii. 1(X
ing to possess characteristics which are not 3t. ;

natural or real : as, an affected lady. Affection, A man meanelie learned himselfe. but not meanely e^f'
Master of passion, sways it to the mood fectioned to set forward learning In others.
OUvia was often affected, from too great a desire to Aschant, The Scholeniastcv, p. 133.
Goldsmith, Vicar, i.
Of what it likes, or loathes. Shak., M. of V., iv. 1.
please.
= Syn. 3. Arliflcial, feigned, Insincere. 4. Pretentious, 4t. Prejudice; bias. 2t. Affected; conceited.
" Well," he says, "a woman may not reign in England." An affectioned ass, that cons state without book.
affected'^ '(a-tek'ted), p. a. i< affeef^ + -e<P; "Better in England than anywhere, as it shall well appear Shak., T. N., II. S.

Acted upon; him that withuiit aileelion will consider the kind o( regi-
affectiOUSt (a-fek'.shus), a. [< alTcction + -011,1.
to
partly merged in affected'^.'] 1.
ment." /)'/'. Atilnor, llarborough for Faitliful Subjects.
intluencod; iiarticularly, influenced injurious- C'f. (((/'< (7i(()H'.] AlTectionate ; cordial.
ly; impaired; attacked, as by climate or dis- 5. A
modification ; the effect or result of ac-
ease.
2. In /</., same as adfected. 3. In the tion upon a thing; especially, inpsychol., a pas-
Tlierefn*e my deare, dearc wife, and dearest sonnes,
Let nie ingirt you with my last embrace :

Uom. Ciith. Ch., said of a benefice the collation sive modification of consciousness. And in your cheekes inipresse a fare-well kisse,
of which is reserved to persons possessed of All affections of consciousness we tei-m sensations. Kisse of true kindness and affections love.
//. Spencer, Social Statics, 01. .
Traiiniy of Nero (1007).
certain qualifications; specifically, when the
j

pope, liy some disposition of tlio benefice, pre- 6. In mctaph. (translation of Gr. ttMic, suffer- affective (n-fek'tiv), a. [< ML. affcctiru.i, < L,
vents the rejcuhir collation and tacitly signifies ing), one of those iiualitii'S of bodies bv whiiO iffieliis, ])]i. of affccre, affect see <iffcet-.] 1. :

his intention of himself providing for the bene- they directly affect the senses: often iiiipmp- Allecting or exciting emotion suited to affect. ;

fiie whi-n it shall become vacant. crly extended to other properties of bodies. [Kare.]
I distinguish extension anil llgure by
the title of the A i>rcachcr more InBtructlvo than affective.
affectedly (a-fek'ted-li), adr. 1. In an affected
mathematical affections of matter. /'. SIcirarl.
Bp. Burnet, Own Times (1089), Iv.
or assomed manner; with affectation; hypo- well and
The so-called forces uf nature have been truly
criti<'!illy; with more show than reality: as, to 2. Pertaining to the affections emotional. ;
spoken of lu the moods or affections of matter.
wnl affectedh/ (iWil. I :
ir. /,. Carpenter, Energy in .Nature, p. 1. Without epilepsy she would have a roiidilion of the a.f-
iTi-ly aH well as affectedljt monarchical, feeliee \u>\\fv i,t the mind which is so dellfietit as to lessen
A disease, or the condition of being diseased re| slbllily,
'.
I-.

aii'l :. ._ ..i'.'.'i with a sense of the liast.

7. Alien, ami Xeurol., VI. .)76.
//. Jamet, Jr., L|ttlo Tour, p. 7. a morbid or abnormal state of body or mind: AfTcctlve quality. Same as affection, 0.
as, a gouty affection; hysteric affection.
2t. With tender cnrn. ; lovingly. affectively (a-fek'tiv-li), adr. In an affective
'Iv peiiii'd In blood, And, truly, waking dreams were more or less. iiiaiincr; lis regards the affections. [Rare.]
and An old and strange n/ccM<oi of the house.
>t (i/Fi-ctriUji
Tennytnn, The I'rlnceM, 1. affector, . See alTccter.
''!'-, l>ver'H I'omplalnt, I. 48.
have been thinking ... of the sliigiihir affection (.. affectualf (n-lcU'tu-al), a.
I
[< L. afftetus, nion-
affectcdness
,.t \.. : " :
k'ti'd-neg), n.
:'ITiclntion.
The quality which you are subject.
<>. II'. lIolmcH, Mortfll
......
Anilpntliy, xil.
lal ilisposilicin, (fesii-e (see affect-, n.),
,

I'lTlnining lo or consisting in dis])OHitioii or

-/.] +
affect. 1
". |</(l + -rl.] l.Ono 8. In painting, a lively ropresentatioii of pus desire; emotional; affectional; earnest.
ri'lH. or assumes. 2t. One sion. n'ollim. [Kare.]
9t. Affecliilion. God hath biliolclen your nfretnnll dinocyon fro hoavon.
wl wllhont affection. Ciuton. Gohlcll 1.1'genil, p. USD.
I'leasant without scurrility, witty
Ilr drcM'd In royal rohoi .sTin*., 1. 1- I.., V. 1.
Lust not oidy affectual, but actual, is iliKpriiscd with.
ll, ro's vm. lender- Adams. Works, 1. 205.
-Byn. 2. AltachmrnI, Fondncu, etc. (sec forv), Ilee. T.
l.uiVa Dominio n, T. 1.
.Mer ;7Mio.
piirtinllly. blaft.
Al" ^lulliwl itfTrrlnr.
II'-.*
affectuouflf (a-fek'tu-UH), a. [= I'', affcctuciix,
affection (n-fek'Hhon). r. t. [=P. nffectionnrr affect ii.i, affection, mood:
ftffectibilitv (I. :'
'.ti.lill'i-ti), i The state of from ho noun.] "fo love have an affection for.
< I,, iitjictud.in.s, i
ln-lfH^ .
t ;
Hi'faffect'^, n.] Marked li^jiassioii or affection;
IKaro.J "made
affectibl' M),
u\), a.
a. i' affect^ + -Ule.'i ilul can you affection the 'oman?
earnest: affectionate; affc'cting: as,
Capable uf bvlu^- iilTootod. kare.] .Shak., M. W. of W,. I. 1. Buch afcctuou.s labour," Faltian, vii.
 ;;: ;

affectuously 99 affinity
affectUOUSlyf (a-fek'tu-us-li), adv. Passion- affiant (a-fi'ant), n. [< OF. affiant, ppr. of affier, The relationship of the sense of smell to the fundamen-
tal organic actions is traceable, not only tlirough its affHi-
ately ;
zciilously ; affectionately. pleilgo one's faith see a;/|/ and -aw/I.] Inlaw,
:
ation ujion the sense of taste, but is traccalile directly.
St. Rcinigius pmyeil so afecluomltf. Fabyan. one who makes an affidavit. [United States.] JI. Sjjeitcer, I'riu. of Psychol.

[Late ME. affechle, < affichet, V. t. See affitch.

affeeblet (a-fe'bl), c. t. (a-fi'nal), a.
affinal [< L. affiriis (see affine^)
fcblicr, weaken, + affiche (a-fesh'), n. [F., < afficher, OF. aficher, -al.] Related by affinity ; dcrive<l from the +
()!'. afvblicr, < , to,
iifililir,
(ijichicr, fasten to, > ME. affiche : see affitch and
< lirbh-, feeble: aoe feeble. 1 To enfeeble. sitiiK! soiu'ce as, affinal tribes or products,
affeer (a-fer'), '' ' [Early mod. E. also ajfear ; affix.] A
paper of any kind pasted or affixed to [liare.]
:

a wall, post, etc., to be read by pas.sers-by; a

< ME. (iffcren, ajfurcii, < AF. ajj'crer, afcrer, OP. affinel (a-fiu'), a. and n. [< OF. affin, afin, "a
poster.
affeurir, (ifcuirr, earlier nforcr Sp. aforar, < =
affidationt,
kinsman or allie, one with affinity is had whom
affidaturet (af-i-da'shon, af'i-da- or contracted" (Cotgrave), < L. afftni.'t, neigh-
ML. affomrc, tix the price or jnarket value, Uir), n. ML. uffiilarc, pledge : see uffy and
assess, value, < L. (id, to, forum, market MIj.+ affiduee.]
[<
;

mutual contract of fidelity. A

boring, related by mairiage, one related Ijy mar-
also market price, fixed rate: see forum.] 1. riage, < ad, to, -t- finis, border, end sec Jine'^, :

afidavit (af-i-da'vit), n. [ML., he lias made

In law, to assess or settle, as an amercement or and cf. afiiniti/.] I. a. Related ; akin ; affined.
oath, .'id pers. sing. perf. ind. of affidare, make
arbitrary fine. II. II. I'elative by maiTiage one akin, A
oath: see (/>/ and a^jawcc] written decla- A [< F. affiuer, OF. afincr
;

=
That tlie constables in every parish sI\ouId collect the ration upon oath; a statement of facts in writ- affine-t (a-(ln'), v. t.
money atkred (assessed) in each parish to be delivered to Pr. Sp. afiuiir= It. affinarc, < ML. affinarc, re-
ing signed by the affiant, and sworn to or con- fine, L. ad,
the L-aptain, who was bound to return .iny overplus unex-
Stuhbs. Const. Hist., 696, note. firmed by a declaration before a notary pub- fine
< to, Uh.finu.s (> OF. fin, etc.), +
pended.
see fiiie'^.] To refine. Jlnlland. :

lic, a magistrate, or other authorized officer.

2. To confirm as, "the title is affeer'd," Shah.,
:
Affidavits are usually required when evidence is to be laid
affined (a"-find'), a. [< affine^ -eifi.] 1, +
Macbeth, iv. 3. before a judge or court on a motion or summary applica- Joined by affinity or any close tie ; akin ; allied
Also spelled affere. tion, as distinguished from a trial of the merits of the confederated.
affeerer, . See'affeeror. cause. The word is sometimes loosely used of an oral de- For then, the bold and coward.
claration uiuler oath.
affeering-man (a-fer'ing-man), n. afleeror. An The wise and fool, the artist an<l unread.
affiet, '' See The hard and soft, seem all affin'd and kin.
affeerment (a-ter'meut), n. The act of alTecr- affi/.
Shall., T. and C,
in}j or assessing an amercement according to
affilet, ' t. [< ME. OF.
affilen, afilen, affylen, < i. 3.

afiler, later iiffiler, to sharpen, also to deck, mod. If partially affin'd, or leagu'd in office.
the circumstances of the case. Thou dost deliver more or less than truth.
F. affiler, < ML. *affilare (in deriv.), bring to an
affeeror, affeerer (a-fer'or, -er), n. [Early mod. Thou art no soldier. Shak,, Othello, ii.

E. also affearcr; < ME. 'afferer, affurer, -our, <

edge, < L. ad, to, + filnni, thread, ML. also
2t. Bound or obligated by affinity or some in-
:i.

edge: soe_^/e3.] To polish; sharpen.

AF. *affereur, -our, OF. affeureur, aforeur, < timate relation.
ML. afforator, < afforare: see affeer.'] One who He moste preche and well affyle his tunge. Now, sir, be judge yourself,
Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1, 714. Whether I in any just term am affin'd
affeers; a person sworn to assess arbitrary fines
affiliable (a-fil'i-a-bl), a. [< ML. as if *affili-
To love the Jloor. ,'Shak., Othello, i. 1.
to what seems a reasonable amount.
Affenthaler (af 'en-ta-ler), . [G. (se. %cein, abilis, <. affiliare : see affiliate.] Capable of be- 3. In zodl., Joined in natural affinity; having
wine): so called from the village Affcnthal, in ing affiliated; chargeable as result or effect: affinity ; alUed homologically and morijhologi-
Baden.] A red wine made in Baden. It is one with on or upon. cally ; related in structural character.
The distribution of sediment and other geological pro- Birds are homologically related, or naturally allied or
of the most esteemed of the Markgrafler wines.
cesses which these marine cm-rents effect, are affiliable ajlined, according to the sum of like structural characters.
afferent (af e-rent), 0. [< L. affercii{t-)s, ppr. upon the force which the sun radiates. Coucs, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 68.
of ufferrc, adfcrre, carry to, < ad, to, fcrre, + H. Spencer, First Principles, 69. affinitative (a-fin'i-ta-tiv), a. [< L. afftni-
carry, bear.] Bringing ; carrying to or toward
affiliate (a-fil'i-at), c. ; pret. and pp. affiliated, t(i(t-)s, affinity, -H -ire.] Of the nature of affin-
conveying inward. Used in physiol. as the opposite ppr. affiliatini). [< ML. affiUatus, pp. of affili- ity: as, an ;f((7((ce resemblance. X. E. ^J.
of efferent, and said (rt) of veins which convey blood from
tile periphery to the physiological center of the blood-
are, adfiliarc (> F. affilier), adopt as a son, < L. afluiitatively (a-fin'i-ta-tiv-li), adv. By means
circulation; {li) of those lymphatic vessels which enter a rf, to, -t- /Hhs', son, ^Ko, daughter.] I. trans. of afliiiity; as regards affinity.
lyrapliatic glami, as opposed to those which leave it and ;
1. To adopt; receive into a family as a son affinition (af-i-nish'on), n. [< affinc^ + -ition.
chierty (c) of those nerves which have a sensory or es-
or daughter hence, to bring into intimate as- Cf. define, definition .] The state or quality of
;
thesodic function, conveying an impulse from the periph-
ery to a ganglionic center of the nervous system. In the sociation or close connection. being affined ; mental affinity or attraction.
case of nerves, afferent is nearly synonymous with sensory, Is the soul affiliated to God, or is it estranged and in [Rare.]
as opposed to motor. The term is also applied to tlie rebellion? /. Taylor. affiniti've (a-fin'i-tiv), a. l<affiniti/ -\- -ive. Cf.
function of these nerves, and to that which they convey
as, an afferent impulse. 2. In law, to fix the paternity of, as a bastard de/iuitire.] Characterized by affinity; closely
child: with upon : as, the mother affiliated her related. X. E. D.
Having arrived at this notion of an impulse travelling
along a nerve, we readily pass to the conception of a sen- child Mpo John Doe. Hence
3. To connect affinity (a-fin'i-ti), H. ; 'p\. affinities (-iiz). [<ME.
sory nerve as a nerve which, when active, brings an im- in the way of descent or derivation : with iqjon. afinite, affinite, < OF. afinite, F. affinite, < L. affini-
pulse to a central organ, or is afferent; and of a motor
Ethical requirements may here be to such extent affili- ta(t-)s, < affoiis, neighboring, related by mar-
nerve, as a nerve which carries away an impulse from the riage: see affine^, affined.] 1. An artificial re-
ated upon physical necessities, as to give them a partially
organ, or is efferent. It is very convenient to use these
terms to denote the two great classes of nerves ; for . . .
scientific authority. Ji. Spencer, Data of Ethics, lOS. lationship between persons of different blood,
there are afferent nerves which are not sensory, while 4. To associate ; receive or establish on terms regarded as analogous to consanguinity: the
there may be in man, and certainly are in animals, effe- rehition between families or indi^iduals created
of fellowshij).
rent nerves which are not motor, in the sense of inducing by interman'iage (excluding that between the
muscular contraction. Huxley, Physiol., p. 289. lien who have a voice in public affairs are at once afftl-
iated with one or other of the great parties between which married persons), by legal adoption, or bj' spon-
affermet, ('. *. Obsolete form of o#"rw. Chaucer. society is divided. Lou-ell, Democracy. sorship; more especially-, the relation between
affettuoso (iif-fet-to-o'so), a. [It., affectionate, He [Lassalle] hoped the party of progress would apiliate a husband or wife and the kindred of the other
kind, tender, < L. affectuosus : see affectuous.] itself with him. G. S. Hall, German Culture, p. 63. spouse. In tlie Jewish, Roman, and canon laws, aflinify
Tender; affecting: in music, designating a Austria and the affiliated Governments of the Pe-
. . .
by marriage or adoption is a bar to marriage within certain
movement which is to be sung or played softly ninsula. E. Dicey, Victor Emmanuel, p. 137. degi'ces, e(iually with consanguinity; and on this ground
rests the prohibition of marriage with a deceased wife's
and affeetingly. Affiliated societies, local societies connected with a sister in Great Britain. The canon law treats unlawful
affiance (a-fi'ans), H. [< ME.affiance, afiance, central society or with one another. sexual intercourse as creating the same affinity with mar-
ajl'iinucc, -aunce, < OF. afiance, < aficr, afficr, II. intrini.i. To associate; consort; be inti- riage. Tlie relationship of godparents and godchildren,
mately united in action or interest. called .spiritual affinity, is not now considered a bar to mar-
trust in, > ME. see affi/ and -ance.]
afien, affieii :
riage, as it was before the Council of Trent, which made
1. Trust; confidence; reliance. The political organization with which the blacks now
no provision on the subject.
naturally affiliate is restrained, by fear of Caucasian senti-
The Christian looks to God with implicit affiance. ment, from giving this element the prominence it numeri- Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and
Hainmond. cally deserves. if. A. Her., C.XX.VIX. 420. took Pharaoh's daughter. 1 Ki. iii. 1.

Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have 2t. Intercourse acquaintance companion-

Most love and most affiance. affiliation (a-fil-i-a'shon), K. [< F. affiliation, ; ;

<ML. affili(ilio{n-), adfiliatio(n-), (.affiliare: see ship.

fen nyson, Lancelot and Elaine.
affiliate.] Adoption; association in the
1. About forty years past, I began a happy affinity with
2. The pledging of faith, as in contracting Williain Cranmer. liurton.
same family or society hence, consanguinity
maiTiage ; a solemn engagement ; a marriage
or kinship of feeling or character.
;

Hence
3. A natural liking for, or attraction to,
contract. a person or thing a natural drawing or inclina-
;
There are a number of affiliations which were of at least
.\ccord of friendes, consent of Parents sought,
equal antiquity with .adoption, and which, I suspect, tion an inherent mutual liking or attraction.
;
Affyaunee made, my happinesse begonne. served its object even more completely in very ancient Some transcendent, unborn affinity, by which we are
Spenser, F. Q., II. iv. 21.
times. Maine, Early Law and Custom, p. 98. linked to things above the range of mere nature.
3. Affinity; intimate relation connection. Busiinell, Xat. and the Supernat., p. 68.
;
So intense is our sense of affiUation with their nature,
In defiance of llis church and not in affjanee with it. that we speak of them universally as our fathers. 4. Inherent likeness or agreement as between
H. James, Subs, and Shad., p. 198. Whipple, Ess. and Rev., I. 221. things essential or specific conformity ; inti-
;

affiance (a-fi'ans), pret. and pp. afflaiiccd,

v. t.; 2. Association in general ; relation ; connec- mate resemblance or connection.
ppr. affiancing. [< OF. afiancer ; from the tion ; friendship ; alliance. The perception of real ajiinities between events ^that is
noun.] 1. To betroth bind by promise of ; The merry gallants of a French colonial military service to say, of ideal affuiti'S, fur those only are real) enables
which had grown gross by affiliation with Spanish-Ameri- the poet thus to make free with the most imposing forms
man-iage: as, to a^Hce a daughter; toaffianee
can frontier life. G. W. Cable, Old Creole Days, p. 4. and phenomena of the world, and to assert the predomi-
one's self. nance of the soul. Emerson, Nature.
In me behold the Prince, The population [of the disputed territory on the western
Your countryman, affiaiice'd years ago bountlary of Afghanistan] is sparse, with few affiliations 5. In ckem., that force by which the atoms of
To the Lady Idii. Tennyson, Princess, iL with the Afghans. Sciciux, V. 359. bodies of dissimilar nature unite in certain defi-
2. To assure by pledge or promise. [Rare.] 3. In law, the act of imputing or of determin- nite proportions to form a compound different
Str.anger whoe'er thou art, securely rest ing the ]>ateity of a child, and the fixing upon in its nature from any of its constituents:
!

Affianced in my faith, a friendly guest. the father the obligation to provide for its called distinctively chemical or elective affinity.
Pope, Odyssey, xv. 305. maintenance. Hence
4. The fathering of a The word has Inst its original meaning, and now signifies
nothing more than chemical force. See chemieal.
affiancer (a-fi'an-ser), n. One who affiances thing upon any one; the assignment of any-
Affinity is neither the gases nor their product, but a
one who makes a contract of marriage between thing to its origin connection by way of deri-
;
power which renders the product possible.
parties. vation or descent: with upon. G. H. Leires, Probs. of Life and Mind, I. i. 2.'>.
 ; ;: ;
;; : :

100 afflict
affinity
made by used especially with reference to ceramics and
6 In biol., morphological and
implied genetic 4. In law, the solemn declaration
gen- Quakers, Moravians, or others conscientiously m bronzes. Decoration of this kind is characteristic of
relationship, resultLng in a resemblance eases where an oath the famous Palissy ware, which is adorned with aftt.\es in
essential struc- opposed to taking oaths, in the shape of serpents, lizards, fishes, and the like and
eral plan or structure, or in the ammiau. made by
;

between two orgamsms or generaiiv required.

is generally requiieu. F.alse
raise afltimiations
^n;,l r.trt<s
tnral
erouBS of
p-dstin''
parts, existing _"'ii^;^"'" ,
organisms : true ana near structural1 such
par srrucnuai
sucli i^. aj-e,_ punishable
persons
more organ- affirmative
i,^_,
in the same w;.y
t:..^
;-> as perjury.
.i
(a-fer'ma-tiv), a. and n.
[< ME.

relationship, predicable of two or OF. affirmatif, F. affirmatif. -ire,
morphologically related, however diverse affirmatiif. n.;'<
isms n., < L. affirmativus, < affirmalus, a., ainriiiaiive,
physiologically. p-p.ot affirmare : see affirm.'] I. a. 1. Charac-
-arsupialB^aB^^armvo witti m^a^u.
At first we find terized by affirmation or assertion; assertive ;
positive in form : not negative : as, Vinaffirmative
renders them
7 In psychoh that in ideas which
, proposition; aHirmatire principles, in .formal
capable of being associated in the mind, as
their loqic the distinction of affirmative and negative proposi-
tions relates not to the nature of what is asserted, but
siimlaritT or eoadjacency. The law of the affinity of
notions only to the form of the proposition, wluch is called affirm-
ideas is another name for the law of continuity of
so similar but ative if it contains no negative particle.
according to which two notions cannot be
that it is possible to find a third intermediate be t
ween them. jjence
2. Positive in maimer ; confident
8. In geom., the relationshij; between two fig- dogmatic.
ures in the same plane which correspond to Be not confident and affirtnative in an uncertain matter.
Jer. Taylor, Holy Living, p. 102.
each other, point to point and straight Une to
straight line, any point of the one lying in a 3. Giving affirmation or assent ; confirmatory;
fixed direction from the corresponding pomt ratifying; concurring; agreeing: as, auHffiem-
of the other, and at a distance from it propor- a tire decree or judgment by an appellate court
tional to its distance from a fixed line, called an aHirmatire answer to a request.
the axis of affinity, the direction of which is II." n. 1. That which
affirms or asserts; a
that of lines joining corresponding points. positive proposition or averment : as, two neg-
af&rm (a-ferm'), v. [Formerly n/ccm, but now atives make an affirmative.
spelled so as to approach the L. ; < ME. a^ffcr- Your four negatives make your two affirmatives.
men, afermen, < OF. afcniicr, affermer, later Snak., T. N., v. 1.

affirmer, affirm, avouch, mod. F. affermer

= 2. the
That which gives affirmation or assent ;

Pr. a/ermar Sp. afirmar =

Pg. affirmar lt. = = agreeing or concurring part or side with the :

affirmare,< L. affirmare, adfirmare, present as definite article: as, to support the affirmatire Afflnes.

fixed, aver, affirm, < ad, to, +Jirmare, make firm, to vote in the aprmatire (that is, in favor of the Italo-Greek Vase in the Campana Collection, Louvre Museum.

<firmus, firm: see firm, a.] I. trans. 1. To affirmative side), as in a legislative body.
(From " L'Art pour Tous."l

state or assert positively tell with confidence ;

\ goveniment is perfect of which the affirmative can be modemceramic ware of both fine and ordinary quality is
aver; declare to be a fact; maintain as true: truly stated in answering these questions. Brougham. often ornamented with flowers, figures, etc. in relief. The ,

most beautiful examples of the artistic use of affixes are,

opposed to deny. 3. In judicial proceedings, the side which, iiowever to be sought among Japanese bronzes,
One Jesus, Paul affirmed to be
which was dead, whom
alive.
Acts XXV. 19. whether in itself an affirmation or a negation, affixal (af'iks-al), a. [< affix, n.,+ -ah'] Pertain-
requires first to be supported by proof, ]ir('- ing t(i an aflLx ; having the character of an affix.
The gentleman came up, and asked pardon for haviuK
disturbed us, affirming that he was ignorant of our being sumption in the absence of proof being against
[Karc.J
so near. the side which has the burden of proof.
UuUlsmith, \ icar, vui.
''"^ affixation (af-iks-a'shon), n. [<ML. as if 'nj-
it;
4. Xaut., the signal-flag or pendant''by which
'
fi.mtiii(n-), < afflxarc: see affi.r, r.] Theact
2. To make firm ; establish, confirm, or ratify
as, the appellate court affirmed the judgment. assent is expressed. of affixing, attaching, or appending affixion. ;

= 8yil. 1. Asert, Affirm, Declare, etc. See assert. affirmatively (a-fer'ma-tiv-li), adv. 1. In an [Rare.]
[< L. affixio(n-), ad-
n. intrans. 1. To declare or assert positively affirmative manner; by express declaration; affixion (a-fik'shon), n.
or solemnly. positively; exiwessly. 2. In the affirmative tixiu(n-), < afflgcrc, adUgcre: see affix, v.] The
Sot that I so affirm, though so it seem mode by asserting that a disputed or doubt- act of affixing, or the state of being affixed.
;

To thee, who Iiaat thy dwelling here on earth. ful thing is opposed to negatively. [Bare.] :

Milton, P. L, viii. 117.

I believe in God. First, in God affirmatively, I believe In his scourging, in his affixion., in his transfixion.
All books that get fairly into the vitul air of the
world he is; against atheism. Secondly, in God exclusively, Bp. Hall, Sermon, Gal. li. 20.
were written by the ami ;idvaiuing class,
not in gods as against polytheism and idolatry.
affirming . .

who uttr what tens of thousands feci though llicy cannot

.

Bp. Pearson, Expos, of Creed, 1. affixture (a-fiks'tur),

;
n. [< affix -ture, after +
Kmerson, Botjks.
LL. as lixturcl 1. The act of affi-xing; attachment.
gjjy_

2. To declare solemnly before a court or ma-

affirmatory ( a-f er'raa-to-ri), a. [<
lirmatariHs, < affirmaior, an affinuer, < L. .;/i''-
if "af-
2. Tliat wliich is affixed. [Rare.]
afflatet (a-llaf), ' ' [< L. afflatus, pp. of af-
gistrate, but without oath (a practice allowed marc: see affirm.] 1. Affirmative; assertive.
tliirr, adfiare. blow on, < ad, to, -k- flare, blow:
where the affirmant has scruples against tak- An oath may as well sometimes be affirmatory lui pmin-
ing an oath); make a legal affirmation. See issory. Uubhrs, Gov. and Society, 11. 2o. see /i/oH-i.] To breathe on; inspire.
fiMrmalion. principle afflation (a-fla'shon), . [< L. as if 'afflatio(n-),
2. Dependent upon an affirmative blowing or A
affirmable (a-ftr'ma-bl), a. [< affirm -able.]
as, an allirmatory syllogism.
+ Ve Morgan. iaffiarc, adfiare: see afflatus.]
Capable of "being affirmed, asserted, or de- breathing on inspiration.
affirmer (a-fer'nic"r), n. One who affirms. [< L. afflatus, adfiatus,
;

clared followed by of: as, an attribute affirm- afflatus (a-11a'tus), n.

:

ahle o/ every just man.

The burthen of the proof in law restcth upon the n^/inm-i-, < afflarc, ad/lare, blow on: see afflaic] 1. A
/i/i. ISrainhall, Schism Guarded, ]).
isri.
blowing or 'breathing on, as of wind a breath
affinnably (a-f^r'ma-bli), adv. In a way capa-
;

affitcht, r- 1. [< ME. affitclic, afficclie, affiche,<

OF. [Karo or unused.] 2. An
ble of iillimiation. or blast of wind.
a/c/i<T, afichicr, mod. F. afficher^Vr. aficar. inipoUiiig mental force acting from witliin;
affirmance (a-ftr'mans), n. [< OF. affcrmance. a/rr/Mr Sp. afijiir=li. affi<rare,<Uh. as if =
impulse or power, as of prophecy or
afcrmiinct;, (affermer, afcrmer, affirm: see af-
'affigicarc, a fn'-q. form equiv. to affixarc,
im\. supernal
1. Theact of affirming; asseveration; expression religious, poetic, or oratorical in- ;
firm.']
of L. affiture, adiiqere, fasten to, affix: see affix,
assertion. spiration, dften spoken of as the ilivine aflatus, a trans-
Een when sober truth prevails throughout.
and cf fitclfi, fi'x.] To fasten to affix. lation of the Latin afflatus dirinus, inspiration.
. ;

They swear It, till affirmance, breeds a doubt. The platis of gold, the whiche he hadde affitehide.
The poet writing against his genius will be like a pro.
Coipjfer, Conversation, 1. CO. Wyclif, 2 Ki. xviil. 1(1. (N. K. /'.) ilict without bis afflatus. J- Spnw, The Odyssey.

2. Confirmation ; ratification. affix

All tnU:nce are liable to the king's affirmance or re-
versal. Brougham,
8. In hiw : (a) The confirmation by an appel-
late court of the adjudication of a lower court
or offlciT. (h) Confirmation of a voidable act.
affirmant (a-fi-r'munt), n. Uh. affirmanit-)s, conjoin, add, or append; make an adjunct or Hociatod Willi, if not derived from, (!. flur E. =
iipr. of affirmare: tieo affirm.] 1. One who af- part of followed by to.
:
Hiior, q. v.] In decorative art, sunk to a level
firms or ftssertft.
2. ia law, one who makes Anbl.lshop Whitgift was the llrst to affix Ills name I"
the ileath warrant. Bancroft, Hfst. U. S., I. 2211.
wiMi liio surface; not iirojoetiug : said of a
iinirtnnli'in in loud of taking an oiilli. iiudiillioii, a disk, or other oruaiuoutal adjimct,
affirmation '^if-' r-mii'shon), 71, |< I-. nffirma- As became more highly developed and affif'l to
i)lanta
inlaid 11s nnrt of a lU^sign.
aneniophllon
the ground, they would be compelled to he
affirm: ee affirm.] 1. The afflict (a-iliUf), V. t. [In earlier form afiight,
,
in order to Intercross,
iMothing in, or is true ; the aH- Darwin, Cross anil Self Jertllliatlon, p. 4(111. q. v.; <'L. altlictare, adflictiirr, trouble, agitato,
ririiii character to an object: WcheslUite at iloliig S|)en8er so groat an honor to vex groallv,' intensive of iiffliiierr, adfiigirc, pp.
think that ho Intended by his allegory the sense
we affix
"tialion. In oriUiiiiry /"rm^i/ ainicttix, ai'ttlirlii.i, beat down, (lasli to the ground,
n Kmeritou, Art.
ni.:rily Ui the (..nil .( v|iri-. i
f
<"(/(/, to, +
lUiiire. beat, striUe, jirob. akin to E.
Inkeii t^inieait tM' (LK. ili.,n Annex, etc. (eo add), sulllx, supera.ld, down
.1
j,

Unite, MopjHMcd t., a nil rely

Byn. Adtl, Affix, a Hi rokc, hit.] It.
/</<)h;3, To strike ;
pros-
'I, lii'k on, fiutten on, Join.
and n trate; overtlirow; rout.
affix (af'iks), n, [< F. affixe, a.
2. I illrinod; ft propOKilioTi that 1 That wliidi And, reiutsembling our afflicted powers,
II (tixiix, adfixu.s, affix,r,'] it\^. : m'l^
ID di' avennent; BHHcrtion.
!
ailded an adililion or ('oimiilt how wo may honcoforth most otiend
;
i joined, attiirheil, <n- ;
our enemy. Milton, P. L., 1. 186.
Tlit '
U-nefil tr'.m Chrtal. h the nj^lr-
II ,
uUiu'liinonl. 2. In iihilnl., a syllable or letter,
dupair U foundi'd.
profix or Huffix, ttiic1i<Ml to a word or a verbal 2, Todistress with mental or bodily pain;
//riMwm/ful, KllndnmnnUU.
root or Htein, nn in gond-Mras, veri-/j, oivil-i.-<', troulili' greatly or grievously; harass or tor-
a. coi.ii". ';'i,.-,ti.,Ti ; oBtftbllHhmont
iin-abli', i/fwon-fonn-"'-/'. 3. In drcoraliri art, ment: as, to bo afflicUd with the gout, or by
of ROli persecution.
any kkiuII featun-, iim u llk'ure, ft (lower, or
Onr !. t)ir. t^prmnti'tn or T%W thi< likr, nddud for oniatiient to a vesHel or any widow or fathcrlcsa
-""" law WH held child.
: ,.

Vi .'ball not (USi(

Acstlon uf U.. ..i. i,t lieloro.
Ex. xxll. 24
Utoktr. other iiloDHil, to an architectural foattiro, etc.
 ;:

afSict 101 afforestment

There is no community free from a multitude of croak- A feeling of sadness and longing, force, compel ; < L. ad, to, or ex, out, -I- ML.
^vlio ajlict the patience and con- That not akin to pain.
ers and alarmists, . . . is
fortiare, strengthen: see/occti.] 1. Toforce;
science of all good Christians within the reach of their And resembles sorrow only
influence. Whipple, Ess. and Rev., II. 118. As the mist resembles tlie rain. comijel; -violate.
2. To strengthen or rein-
Longfellow, TheDone. Day is force by the addition of other or of specially
The afflicted voice of the country, in its hour of danger,
has chiinnud down with a sweet persuasion the angry Great distress has never hitherto taught, and while the skilled members, as juries and deliberative
passions of the day. Everett, Orations, I. 379. world lasts it never will teach, wise lessons to any part of bodies.
mankind. Burke, Letter to Memb. of Nat. Assembly.
= Syn. Afflict, Dislir.^/i, Trouble, //(zra.w, Toniieiit : try, The remedy for insufficient "governance" was sought
pain, liurt, pla^'UL-, persecute. Tlie state of one who really wishes for death is firmly
Ot thisr words, afflirl im- ... in admitting the houses of Parliament to a gi-eater
plies the most spiritual effect, the greatest depth ;iiid con- linked ill our thoughts with the extreme of rnisery and share of influence in executive matters, in the afforcing or
tinuance of sorrow. To distress is a more outward act, wretchedness and disease* W. K. Clifford, Lectures, 1. 229. amending of the council, and In the passing of reforming
bringing one into straituess of circumstances or feeling, so 2. Trouble, misfortune, disaster, visitation, blow, trial, statutes. Stubbs, Const. Hist., 695.
that there is more anxiety for the futme, while perhaps woe, tribulation. .See list under ffn'e/^.
the afflicted person knows the full measure of his loss and 3. Reflexively, to exert one's self; endeavor;
is wholly occupied with tlie past. To trouble is a lighter afflictive (,;i-flik'tiv), a. [= F. afflietif, < ML. attempt.
act, involving perhaps confusion or uncertainty of mind, affliclini.% '< Ij. afflictus, pp. of affligere : see
aflforcementt (a-fors'ment), 11. [< OF. afforce-
and especially embarrassment. Harass, as applied to mind afflict, i'.] Characterized by or causing mental ment,<.aJforcer, /brcr, strengthen see afforce :
or body, suggests the intlictiou of the weariness that comes or physical pain paiufvd ; distressing ; of the
from the continuance or repetition of trying experiences, ; and -?<!(.] 1. A
reinforcement; a strengthen-
80 that there is not time for rest. Torment implies the nature of an affliction: as, an afflictive dis- ing, especially of a jury or deliberative body.
infiiction of acute pain, physical or mental, and is fre- pensation of Pro\'idence. See extract.
quently used in the sense of harassing by fretiuent return. We consider with the most afflictive anguish the pain
The use of afflicted otherwise than of persons severally or which we have given and now cannot alleviate. As it became difficult to find juries personally informed
collectively is highly figurative or poetic as, my afflicted as to the points at issue, the jurors . sumnuuied were
. .
:
Johnson, Rambler, No. 54. allowed first to add to their number persons who possessed
fortunes the other words have freer figurative use. See
;

affliction. Many that want food and clothing have cheerier lives the requisite knowledge, under the title of afforcement.
ye afflicted ones who lie and brighter prospects than she had many, harassed by ; After this proceeding had been some time in use, the af-
Steeped to the lips in misery. poverty, are in a strait less afflictive. foreing jurors were separ.ated from the uninformed jurors,
Longfellow, Goblet of Life. Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, xiii. and relieved them altogether from their character of wit-
nesses. Stubbs, Const. Hist., 164.
I come to visit the afflicted spirits = Syn. Afilictmg, grievous, calamitous, disastrous, oppres-
Here in the prison. Shak., M. for JI., ii. 3. sive, severe, unhappy, trying. 2. A
fortress ; a fortification. Bailey.
afflictively (a-flik'tiv-li), adv. In an afflictive afford (a-ford'), V. t. [Spelled aff- as if of L.
Myself distress'd, an exile, and unknown,
Debarr'd from Europe, and from Asia thro^vn, manner ; in a manner that is painful and trying. origin, but prop, with one/; early mod. E. af-
In Libyan deserts wander thus alone. affluence (af'lo-ens), . [=F. affluence, < L. ford, affoard, affoord, afoord, < ME. aforthen,
Dryden, .^neid, i. 531. affl.iuiitia, adfluentia, abundance, < affl'Uen(t-)s, iforthen, ivorthen, earlier iforthien, gefortJiian,
For my own part I should be very much troubled were I adflueti{t-)s, ppr., abundant : see affluent.'^ 1. A
< AS. yeforthian, further, advance, promote,
endowed ^vith this di\'ining quality.
Addison, Spectator, No. 7.
flo'wing to ; a concourse ; afflux. accomplish, perform, < ge- forthiun, fui-ther, +
There had been great affluence of company. advance, promote, perfoi-m, (forth, forth, for-
Nature, oppress'd and harass'd out with care.
Sinks down to rest. Addison, Cato, v. 1.
Carlyle, Frederick the Great, III. viii. 37. ward : see -6, ge-, and forth; cf. further, d.]
2. Figuratively, an abimdant supply, as of If. To promote; further; forward; carry out;
The sight of any of the house of York
Is as a fury to torment my soul. thoughts, words, ote. ; a profusion, as of riches; accomplish ; achieve manage. ;

S/ifi/f., BHen. VI., i. 3. hence, abundance of material goods ; wealth. And here and there as that my litille wit
[In earlier form aflif/lit, Few schidars have manifested so much independence Aforthe may, eek think I translate hit.
afflictt (a-flikf), p. a.
and afflui'rn-i' of thought, in connection with so rich and Occleve. {HaXliu'ell.)
q. V. < Ij. afflictus, adflictxis, pp. : see the verb.]
;
varied an amount of knowledge. 2. To give, yield, produce, or confer upon;
Afflicted; cQstressed. Whipple, Ess. and Rev., I. 17.
afflictt, . [<. afflict, v.'] Conflict; struggle. yield, furnish, supply, as an effect or a result,
!Many old and honourable families disappeared, .
as of growth, effort, or operation as, the earth
. .

The life of man upon earth nothing else than a "war-

is and many new men rose rapidly to affluence. :

fare "
and continual with her ghostly enemies.
afflict Macaulay, Hist. Eng., i. affords grain ; trade affords profit ; religion af-
Beeon, Fasting (ed. 1844), p. 542. (X. E. D.) = Syil. 2. Wealth, Riches, etc. (see opulence) exuberance, fords consolation to the afflicted; the transac-
;

profusion, overflow fortune, prosperity, ample means. tion afforded him a good profit ; to afford one an
afflictedness (a-flik'ted-nes), 71. The state of .See list under ahnndancc.
;

agreeable sensation.
being afflicted; affliction.
affluency (af'lo-en-si), n. An abundant flow or AVhat could he less than to afford him praise?
Thou art deceived if thou thinkest that God delights in supply ; affluence. [Rare.] Milton, P. L., iv. 46.
the afflictedness of liis creatures.
jj. Hall, Balm of Gilead, ii. 6.
There may lie cert.aiii channels running from the head Standing out in strong relief from the contrast afforded
to this little instrument of loquacity [a woman's tongue], by the sable background was a waxen image.
afflicter (a-flik'ter), n. One who afflicts or and conveying into it'-a perpetual affluency of animal Barhatn, Ingoldsby Legends, I. 145.
causes pain of body or of mind. spirits. Addison, Spectator, No. 247.
The delight which a work of art uffords seems to arise
afflictingly (a-flik'ting-li), (((?('. In an afiUcting affluent (af'16-ent), a. and n. [< ME. affluent, from our recognizing in it the mind that formed Nature,
again in active operation. Emerson, Art.
manner. < OF. affluent, mod. F. affluent, < L. affluen{t-)s,
afSictiou (a-flik'shon), i?. [< JIE. affliccioun, adftuen{t-)s, abundant, rich, ppr. of afflucre, 3. To manage, be able, or have the means (with
ti/oii, < OF. (ifla-tioii, < L. adflic- (ifflictio{ii-), adfluere, flow to, aboimd in, < ad, to, -I- fluere, an infinitive clause); be able to give or bear,
tio(n-),<.(iffligere,a(lflif/('i-v: see afflict.~i 1. The flow: see fluent.'] I. a. 1+. Flowing to: as, spare, or meet the expense of (with an object-
state of being afflicted; a state of pain, dis- 'diffluent blood," Harcey, Consumption. 2.
noun) :' always, from the implication of ability,
tress, or grief. Abundant; copious; abounding in anything, with may or can : as, we can afford to sell
To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction.
as attributes, attainments, or possessions cheap ; he might afford to gratify us ; you can
Jas. i. 27. hence, specifically, abounding in means ; rich well afford the expense.
He kindly tooke us all by the hand, and made signes as, a man of affluent intellect ; an affluent man Only this commendation I can afford her.
that he should see us no more, which made us take our or eommimity ; affluent circumstances. Shak., Much Ado, i. 1-
leave of him with extreame reluctancy and affliction for Ihou Shalt lie close hid with nature, and canst not be
the accident. Ecelyn, Diary, March 23, 1646. His imagination is most affluent when it is pervaded by
a calm, yet intense and lofty spirit of meditation. afforded to the Capitol or the Exchange.
Emerson, The Poet.
2. A
cause of continued pain of body or mind, Whipple, Ess. and Rev., I. 249.
A man rich in proportion to the number of things
II. n. A tributary stream ; a stream or river
is
as sickness, loss, calamity, adversity, persecu- which he can afford to let alone. Thoreau, \Valden, p. 89.
tion, etc. flowing into another, or into a lake, bay, etc. = Syn. To supply, furnish, bestow, communicate, give-,
2.
Many are the afflictions of the righteous. Ps. xxxiv. 19. He cast anchor in a very great bay, with many affluents. impart.
=Syil. 1. Affliction, Grief, Sorrow, Sadness, Distress, Mis- affordable Bancroft, Hist. U. S., I. 108. (a-f6r'da-bl), a. [< afford + -able.]
ery. Wretchedness, pain. Affliction is acute, continued As the Thames rolls along, it receives a number of these Capable of being afforded, spared, yielded, or
suffering caused by loss or its consequences. That is an feeders, or affluents, which empty themselves into the
lionie.
affliction which is a severe deprivation or loss, as of health, river. Huxley, Physiog., p. 4.
limbs, faculties, friends, or the property necessary to one's affordmentf (a-ford 'ment), n. [< afford +
affluently (af'lo-ent-li), adv. In an affluent
-ment.] donation; a grant. [Rare.] A
support; not temporary ailments, nor losses easily borne
or repaired. Grief is mental suffering too violent to be manner ; in abundance ; abundantly.
Your forward helps and affordments.
long continued, and therefore subsiding into sorrow or affluentness (af'lo-ent-nes), . The state of H. Lord, Ded. of Sect of the Banians, 1630.
sadness ; it is always in view of something recently past. being affluent ; great plenty.
Affliction is a personal matter arief may be over another's afforest (a-for'est), !'. t. [< ML. afforestare,
;

woe. Sotrow, though more quiet, may be loug continued afflux

(af 'Inks), k. [= F. affltix, < L. as if */-
fluxus, u. (ctflux, < fluxns, n.), < affluere, pp.
convert into a forest, < L. ad, to, ML. /oresto, +
or permanent (as, a lifelong son-ow), and may be in view
a forest see forest.] To convert, as bare or
it may be active peni- affluxus, flow to : see affluent.'] The act of flow-
:
of the past, present, or future ;

tence for wrong-doing, as sorrow for sin, or it may be cultivated land, into forest, as was done by
ing to ; a flow or flo'sving to ; an accession : as,
wholly sympathetic. Sadness is a feeling of dejection or the first Norman kings in England, for the pur-
inability to be cheerful, the cause being not always a an afflux of blood to the head.
pose of pro^viding themselves -with himting-
matter of consciousness it is primarily personal, and is
; Not unfrequently it happens that to a spot where two
of various degrees of depth and penuanence. Distress is or more filaments have met, there is an afflux of the pro-
grounds.
extreme adversity, and, subjectivt-ly, tlie corresponding toplasmic substance. IT. B. Carpenter, Micros., 306. afforestation (a-for-es-ta'shgn), n. [< ML. af-
state of mind it is the agitation appropriate to circum-
;
(a-fluk'shon), n. [< L. as if "afflitx- forestatio{n-).< afforestare : see afforest.] The
stances well-nigh desperate. It may be wholly sympa- affluxion
io(n-) (cf. iluxion), < affluere, flow to: see af- "act
of turning ground into forest or woodland,
thetic, as the distress caused by calamity to another, and
it may imply a struggle. The first five words may be fluent.] flowing to or toward; an afflux or or subjecting it to forest law ; the territory af-
A
freely used for either cause or effect miserii and xvretched-
accession. Sir T. Broione.
; forested.
ness denote generally only the effect, that'is, the state of had made new afforesta-
Obsolete form of daffodil. Richard I. and Henry II.
Misery is great and unremitting pain of body or afFodillt (af '6-dil), n.
. . .

feeling.
tions, and ranch extended the rigour of the forest laws.
mind, unhappiness that crushes the spirit. Wretchedness afforage (af '6r-aj), . [< OF. afforage, affeuragc, Sir M. Hale, Hist. Com. Law of Eng.
is sometimes almost identical with misery, and sometimes < aforer, aferer, affeurer, afeurer, assess, value,
goes beyond it, even to abjectness. See calamity.
aflf'eer: see affeer"] Formerly, in France, a afforestment (a-for'est-ment), n. [< afforest
The furnace of afliction refines us from earthly dressi- duty paid to the lord of a district for permis- -ment.] The act of converting, as arable +
ness, and softens us for the impression of God's own land, into a forest ; afforestation.
stamp.
sion to sell wine or liquors -nrithin his seigniory.
Boyle. Land once afforested became subject to a peculiar sys-
afforcet (a-fors'), ' * [< ^lE. aforcen, afor-
Indeed the violence and impression of an excessive tem of laws, which, as well as the formalities required to
sen, < 'OP. aforcer, < ML. *affortiare, afforciare, constitute a valid afforestment, have been carefully ascer.
ffr^f must of necessity astornsh the soul, and wholly de-
prive her of her ordinary functions. strengthen, fortify (ef. a'fforcement) ; mixed tained by the Anglo-Noi'man lawyers.
Cotton, tr. of Montaigne (3d ed.), ii. with OF. efforcer, esforcer, < ML. exfortiare, Encyc. Brit. Ji 409.
 ;:; ;:

afform 102 affy

afformt (a-form'), ! t- [< OF. aformer, < a- (L. affriendedt, affrendedt (a-fren'ded), a. [<a/- 3t. Shame
disgrace ; anything producing a ;

ad. to) +
former, form.] To form; model; (L. ad) friend, formerly speUed/reHd.] Made + feeUng of shame or disgrace.
cause to conform. friends; reconciled. Antonius was defeated, upon the sense of which
. . .

She saw that cruell war so ended. affront he died of grief. Arbuthnot, Anc. Coins.
afformative (a-for'ma-tiv), . [< af- (L. arf,
+fiirnmthe.2 In philoL, an aflis ; a forma-
And deadly foes so faithfully affrend d. = 83^. 2. Affront, Iii.<!ult, Indignity, Outrage, provoca-
to) Speiiser, . (}., IV. iii. 50. tion, imi)ertineiu-e, ottense, rudeness. Tliese words ex-
tive addition to a word or stem. press disrespect shown in a way that is, or is meant to be,
(a-fran'ehiz or -elilz), v. f. prat, affright (a-frif), v. t. [Spelled aff-, as if of L. An affront is generally open and to the face. An
afEranchise galling.
origin, but prop, with one /'; < ME. afririhtcn,
;

and jjp. mTraiichmil, ppr. afrauchisinn. [< late insult is stronger, perhaps accompanied by more insolence
afright, ajrigt), < AS. dfyrhtan, of manner; it is a deeper disgrace and a greater injury to
ME. affrauchyse, afranch ise, < OF. afranchisa-, nfrigtrn < (pp. a- fyrhtun, terrify, < forlit, fearful: + the feelings of its object. An indignity is, specitlcally,
terrify,
F. affi-ancliiss-, stem of certain parts of OF.
see n-l and fritjht. Not eomiectcd witli afraid
treatment that is unworthy
an affront, insult, injury, or
afranchir, F. afrancltir, make free, < a (L. rf), outrage from which one's condition or character should
or afenrd.] To impress with sudden fear
to, +/rne, free: see /rant and /raiicAwe.] To have saved one as, Zenobia was subjected to the indig-
.
;

frighten ; terrify or alarm. [Archaic] nity of being led in chains at Aurelian's triumph. An
make free; enfi'aneliise. outrage, primarily involving the idea of violence to the
Thrice ilid her trembling feet for flight prepare.
affranchisement (a-fran'chiz-ment), n. [< F. And thrice aJjnyhteU did her Wight forbear. person, is a wanton transgi'ession of law or propriety in
(I riraiidi t-stmeii f.] The act of setting free, or of Dryden, Ovids Art of Love, 1. 620. any way, the perpetration of that which is shamefully
liberating from a state of dependence, serri- contrary to the dictates of himianity or even decency
Wot to affright your tender soul with horror, toward a person it is a combination of insult with indig-
tude, or obligation ; enfrancliisement. We may descend to tales of peace and love. nity: hence it often stands for extreme abusiveuess of
It is deliverance from all evil, it is supreme affranchise- Ford, Lady's Trial, iL 1. language. It has freedom of use suflicient to nmke proper
ment. J. F. Clarke, Ten Great Keligions, iv. 7. = Syn. To scare, alarm, dismay, appal, daunt, intimidate, such expressions as, an outrage to liis feelings, an outrage
startle, shock, overawe. to all decency.
affirapt (a-frap'), ' t. and i". [= It. ajfrajijuire, <
af- (L. ad, to) + frappare = F. frappcr, strike, affrightt. Past participle of o^n'^/if. Chaucer. To call God to witness truth, or a lie perhaps; or to
come affright (a-frif), n. 1. Sudden or great fear; appeal to him on every tri\ial occasion, in common dis-
of uncertain origin: seefrap.'\ Tostrike; coui-se, ... is one of tlie highest indignities and affronts
teiTor fright. ;
to blows. that can be offered him. Hay.
They bene ymett, both ready to affrap. We have heard of these midnight scenes of desolation, avenge this insult, noble Queen,
I will
Spenser, F. Q., II. 2C. . .the ominous din of the alarm-bell, striking %vith a/-
.
i.
fri'iht on the broken visions of the sleepers.
Doneyour maiden's pei"son to youi-self.
in
affray (a-fra'), V. t. [< ME. affruijcn, afrai/cii, Everett, Orations, I. 116.
Tennyson, Geraint.
afraien (pp. affrai/ed, afrdi/cd, (ifi'rdiid. The enmity and discord, which of late
affraieti',
2t. The cause of terror ; a frightful ob,ieet. Sprung from the rancorous outrage of your duke
afraied, >'E. afraid, q. v.), ten-ify, frighten. < The gods upbraid our sutf'rings . . . To merchants. Shak., C. of E., i. 1.
OF. afrayer, affrayer, ajfraicr, usually with By sending these affrights. Ji. Junaon, Catiline. [F., pp. of affronter:
initial e, effrayer ( > mod. F. cffrayer), cffraer,
affronte (a-fr6u-ta'), a.
affrightedly (a-fri'ted-li), adv. In an affrighted see affront, v.] 1. In art, facing each other;
effreer, effroier, efferer, esfraycr, esfraier, csfrecr, manner ; with fright.
Pr. cs- = front to front : said of two figures. This was a
esfroier, e:froier, etc., earlier esfreder -oil, af- +
affrighten (a-fri'tn), v. t. [< affright frequent mode of representing animal and ^^ ,_^
fredar, terrify, frighten, disturb, disquiet (the Xerfmihten'.'] To terrify; frighten. other figures in Oriental and early Oriek f J, n^^
OF. forms in aff-, and the prevailing sense of
affrighter (a-fri'tcr), . One who frightens. ai't, as, for examjile, in Assyrian and Hiltite i^^K'^/f)
'
terrify ' rather than ' disturb,' may be due to affirightful"(a-frit'fi:il), a. [< affright, n.,
sculptin-es, the so-called lions of Myeena', and / J'
the sphinxes of the temple epistyle of Assos. 3*,^ ^-^
Vl + \
the influence of affre, afre, ten-or, fright, afrc, -//.] Territpng; terrible; frightful: as, "af-
2. Specifically, in 7irr., applied to an- ^ ^
afroti, horrible, frightful, > F. affreux, horrible,
'frightful accidents," Bp. Hall, Sermons, x.\xiii. imals represented (a) front to front, to Lions
frightful), prob. < ML. 'eifridare, disturb, dis- (a-frit'ment), . ^' +
ML. fridiis, fridmn, affrigitment
[< affright or aspectant: opposed to adorf:cd ; fi^H^^.^'"'
quiet, < L. (I, out of, + -mint.} It. The act of frightening. (b) facing the spectator directly, as
< OHG. fridii, frido (MHG. rride, G. fricde),
Since your afrightment could not make her open [her the lion in the royal crest of .Scotland, not with
peace, = AS. //iV/iH, peace : see/n77il. To /- purse] mito you, '
you thought to nuike her iuuoceucy merely the head turned outward. See gardant
fray, then, is to break the peace.'] To frighten; smart for it.

R. Brume, Northern Lass.
ternfy; give a shock to; arouse; disturb.
and cut under crest.
2. The state of being frightened; fright. Equivalent forms are affrontie (feminine)
.Sniale follies a prete hepe
With as ranch affrightment as if an enemy were near. and coiifronte.
Tliat had arrayed me out of my slepe.
Jer. Taylor, Sermons, II. iii.
Chaucer, Death of Hlnnche, 1. 296. Tfttes affront^es, or affi'ont^ heads, in decorative art,
The kettle-drum and far-heard clarionet With much terror and affrightinent they turned the ship prolilc heads iti lelief sho\Mi fjieinL; each other, as often in
about, expecting every moment to be dashed in pieces cameos, etc., but rarely on c^iins.
Affray his ears. Keats, Eve of .St. Ajnies, xxix.
against the rocks. affron'tedly (a-inm'ted-li), adv. In a manner
affray (a-fra'), n. [<ME. affray, afray, terror, E. Johnson, Wonderworking Providence (1(>.'J4).
to affront; with eft'rontery. Bacon.
disturbance, brawl, < OF. affray, affrai, usually, affront (a-f runt'), V. t. [< ME. afrontrn, afroun- affrontee (a-frun-te'), . [< affront -ec'^.] +
with initial e, effrei, cffroi, effroy, csfrai, csfni, icn, < OP. afronter, afrunier, lat(>r and mod. V. One who receives an affront. X. E. J).
tnfrol (F. effroi) =
Pr. esfrei ; from the verb: affronter Pr. Sp. afriintar Pg. (iffrmilar = =
affronter (a-frtin'ter), )/. 1. One who affronts =
see affray, v. ; see also fray^, a short form of It. nffriiiitarc, confront, oppose fiK'O to face, at- or insults another openly and of set ptu'pose.
affray.] If. Fear; terror. tack, < ML. aff'rontarc, adfrontare, border on, as 2t. deceiver or jireteuder. A
Some maner a/ray. Cka ucer, Man of T.aw|8 Tale, 1. 1039. land, confront, attack, <' L. ad fronton, to the JIust I, because you say so.
Full of ghastly fright, and cold affray. face, in front: ad, to; frontfni, ace. of frnns, Believe that this most miserable king is
Spenser, I'. Q., I. iii. 12. A false affronter I
forehead, front cf. L. dfronte, before, in front ;

Massinger, Believe ns you List, ill. 8.

2t. Disturbance involving terror. a for all. from; fronte, abl. oi fron.^. foreliead,
Atte laste he made a f<)ul affray. front. Cf. afront, prep. phr. as adv.] 1. To affrontingly (a-frun'ting-li), adv. In an af-
Chaucer, Monk's Tale, 1. 93. front ing njauner.
meet or encounter face to face ; confront
3. A xiublie fight ; a noisy quarrel ; a brawl ; a front face. affrontive (a-frun'tiv), a. [< affront -ive.] +
;
tumult ; disturbance. Specifically, in laie, the flglit- Giving offense ; tending to offend ; abusive.
That he, as 't were by accident, may here
ing of two or more persona in a public place to the terror of Slmk., Ilandet, iii. 1. How much more affrontive it is to despise mercy.
Affront 0]ilielia.
othem. It usually implies a casual meeting, not by prenoua South, Sermon on the Restoration.
agreement t- liu'ht. (A private quarrel is not in a legal Earnestly for her he raised
aene an allrity. = Syn. 3. Uroil, Scuffle, etc. See quarrel, n.
]
Ills voice in council, and affronted death Will not this measure be regarded as affrontive to tho
In battle-Held. llryani. Knight's Epitaph. pride ... of portions of the people of America'?
a&ayer (a-fra'tr), n. One who raises or is h. Choate, Addresses, p. 348.
engaged in affray.") or riots ; a disturber of the 2. To offend by an open manifestation of dis-
peace. [Karc] respect ; ])ut a slight upon ; offend by effrmil- affuse (a-fiiz'), V. t. [<L. affu.inx, p]). of affun-
FeloiiA, night-walkers, affrayers. ery or insolence: as, to affront one by doubl- dcri, adfundcre, pour upon, < ad. to, fundcrc, +
M. ttalton, Country Justice (1020). ing his word ; an affronting speech. pour: see/H.v('l.] 'i'o pom'. [Rare.]
Only our foe, I first afftised water upon the compressed beans.
affraymentt (a-fra'ment), n. [< OF. affraienwnt,
Tempting, affronts us with his foul esteem Iloyle. Works, IV. MIS.
affraimrnl {'>'SIL. affraimimlum), < affraier: see
Of (uir integrity. Milton, I'. L., be. 828.
a/rrm/. r.] .Same as affray. affusion (a-fii'zhgn), . [< ML. (iffn.'.-io{n-), < L.
U't me tell you, Mr. Dangle, 'tis daum'il affronting in 1. Tho act
affreight (a-frat' ), v. t. [< F. affraier, < a- fri- + you to MUi)pose that I am hurt, wlu'ii I tell you 1 am not.
(/(/<)<, pour niion: fii'i' affuse.]

ll r, friight, charter: Heofrcif/hl.'] To hire, as a Slieridttn, The Critic, i. I.

of ]>ouring upon; the a.<'t of pouring water or
Hhip, for the tran.sportation of goods or freight. make nsliamed other liquid, as uiion a child in baptisiii.
3. To put out of countenance;
I 'mill.
fUiire.] Wlieji llie .tews baptized Iheir cbildren, in onler to cir-
or confused give a shock to.
it seems to have been Indilteicnt whether it
;
i-nnieiHion,
affreighter (a-fra'ter), n. The person who Without affrontinij their modesty. was done by immersion or affusion.
hiriM or charters a ship or other vessel to con- Crtir.l'rim. cliriHtluuily, II. 3.1. (.V. E. IK) Wlieatty, III. of lii>r.k of Com. Prayer, p. 802.
vi'y i;i)(ids. f'raifj.
affront (a-frunt'), affront
" [=F.It. af- = 2. lu nicd., the act of pouring water on the
affreightment f:i'fnit'ment), n. ^affreight + fronto ; from the verb.] If. 'Hie act of oppos- body as a etirative means, as from a vessel, by
iiuiii. nUirV.nirrrtrmi^Ht.] 1. Tlio act of hir- Ing face to face; open defiance ; encouiitiT. a shower-lHith, etc.
T.
irtatioii of goods. 2,
Thl ilay thou slniH have Ingots ami, to-morr.m, give ;
When 1 travcU'd in Italy, and (he Stiuthern parts, 1 did
'^lli|l. lordB tlr affront. II. .lonsnn, AlehiniUI, II. 2.
some! hues frei|uent the pnbllii bathes, but seldonm . . .

affr . uded. I walk'il about, nilmlri'd of all, and <lr<adcd without peril of my life llll 1 us'd tbls frigid affusion, or
affr> I
''.
it. affrcltnrc, haston, On hostile ground, none ilarlng my
affront. ralher iirofuston of cold water before 1 put on my gar-
hu uriiil, affrclUniiciito, liaste, .Mtllon, S. A., 1. r.:ii. nu-nla. Ewlyn, To Doctor iieale.
pr. '. hurry), < frilturc,
InimIi', 2. A
personally offensive ni't or word; an iii- Sonu' of these Iremetlies] are allusion, ludf-baths, . . .

KH' '

I.I-. 'frirlarr, < L. .frirliin, tontional or HiiiJcrciliouH slight an open iiiniii- fomentations. Injections, wrapping up in the wet sheet.
;
l-.neye. ISrit., III. 4;i9.
pp. I :
:

.<o(. frrl^, .] A furious feslalion of disrespect or contumely; an insull
nuact "I to the face. affyf (a-n'), r. [< ME. affyen, affien, afyen, < OF.
' ''f ilieir fl'-rco affrrt Oft have tliey violated II tier, later antl mm\. V. affirr, < Ml., affidarr,
'^o* ' uipI ">Mi rnmi iind li"rw. The tmpli', oft the law, with loul afronls.
Milion. \: II., III. ini.
Iriisl, pledge, make oalli, < L. ad, to, +
Mli.
>("" r, F. ., Ill l. 10. Jiitiirr,(rust, < Ij. fidn.v, fiiilliful, (.fides, failli
atfirictiop' . alf Menof my condlthui may be iw Incapable iit affronts, as Hff faith, fidelity. Horiv. iiffiiniee nnd affidiivit,
i-"
l^. "affric-
'"'<"-: lio|"'leM of tholr rcparniloni*. -
.< n/lr/rrtfc, njlp c.n or Sir /'. Ilroune, Ilollglo Mifllcl, I'nf. '[ v.| I, trims. 1. Tip Inist, ronlidc (a tiling
"gain"'- im, rnli. > E. Irirlion.] t,o a person) rcHcxivoly, to confide one's sell'.
An affront to our understaiMllng.
;

Tho net of i nbbii.K , friction. Ilnylr. Addison, R|ioolatoT, No. 612. 2. 'Po eoiifldo in ; trust. 3. To allirm on one's
 ;:

afify 103 African

faith; make affidavit. 4. To assure by prom- 2. Figuratively, moving; passing from place B,n(l e.f. forncnst.] I. prep. Over against; op
ise ;
pledge ;
betroth ;
affiance. to place ; in circulation as, a rumor is afloat. : posite.
Wcdilcd be tliou to tho hags of hell, I sliotild like to know how much gossip there is afioat The ytuuler hous that stent aforyen^ us.
For ilariliK to affn a miyhty hirii that tile minister does not know. Chaucer, Troilus, 11. 1188.
Unto the dau^liter of a wortliless king. C. D. Warner, Backlog .Studies, p. 144. II. adv. Over against.
Shak., 2 Uen. VI., iv. 1.
The ccnturien that stood aforn a.^enfi,
3. Unfixed: moving without guide or control :

5. To engage ; bind
Personal respects rather seem to affy me unto that synod.
;
join.
as, our affairs are all afioat. 4. In a state of Wyclif, Mark xv. .TO. (.V. E. D.)

overflow flooded
; as, tlie main deck was a fortiori (a f6r-shi-6'ri). [L.; lit., from a

:
Bp. Mountagu, Appeal to Cassar, p. (ji>.
afiiiat. 5. On board ship; at sea: as, cargo strougfn- (sc. cause): a for ah, ivota; fortiori,
II. intrans. To
trust; confide. aftuat and ashore. abl. oi for tior, fortius, coinpar. otforti.'i, strong :

I do affy
In thy uprightness and integrity.
aflow (ii-U6'), prep. pihr. as adv. or a. [< a3 see/or(.] For a still stronger reason; all the
Shak., Tit. And., i. 1. +flow.] In a loose, waving state; flowing: as, more. A phnise used in, and sometimes employed as the
" with gi>a-y hair aflow," Whittier. designation of, a kind of argument, which concludes
Afghan (af gau), n. and a. [A native name, de- (a) that something does not take place, because the
rived by Afghan chroniclers from Afghdna, a afoam (u-fom'), prcfi. phr. as adv. or a. [< nS either
causes which alone
mythical grandson of Saul, king of Israel.] I. + fo(ini.] In a .state of foam; foaming as, the strongly in another could bring it to pass operate still more
case without producing that elfect or
:
;

n. 1. A native or an inhabitant of Afghanistan,

water was all afoam. Oi) that something does take place, because causes nmch

a mountainous country lying northwest of afoot (a-fiif), pre}}, phr. as adv. or a. [< ME. weaker th;iii those which operate to bring it about are ef-

a J'ote, on fotc, earlier with pi. a foten, < AS. is the folliMviiig " If God An argument of the latter kind
fective ill ;uiother case.
British lutlia, south of Asiatic Russia, and east so clothe the grass of the field, :

of Persia; distinctively, a member of the prin- on fotuin ; on, E. a'i, on fOtum, dat. pi. of fot, which to-day is and to-morrow is cast into the oven, shall
;

cipal or dominant race of Afghanistan, speak- E.foot.] \. On foot; walking: opposed to on he not much more clothe you, O ye of little faith?" Mat.
ing the Afghan language, the other inhabitants horseback, or in a carriage or other convey- vi. 30.
generally speaking Persian.' -2. The language ance: as, lie was moimted, but I came afoot. As ho [Shakspere] has avoided obscurities in his sonnets,
he would do so a.fortiori in his plays, both for the purpose

of the Afghans, called by themselves Puslitu or 2. In a condition to walk about, as after sick- of immediate effect on the stage and of future apprecia-
Pukhtit, of Ai'yan affinity, though formerly sup- ness. tion. Lowell, Among my liooks, 1st scr., p. 16.5.

posed by some to be Semitic. 3. [/. c] Akind He distinguished himself as a sick-nurse,

ctimrade got afoot again.
till his poor
Carlylc.
afoul (a-foul'), 2'rep. phr. as adv. or a. [< a3
of blanket made of knitted or crocheted wool, + .font.] In a state of collision or entangle-
used as a sofa-cover or as a carriage-robe. 3. Astii'; stirring; about. ment: with of: as, a ship with its shrouds
II. a. Pertaining or relating to Afghanistan Wlien thy eager hand. afoul; the brig ran afoul o/ the steamer
With game afoot, unslipped the hungry pack.
To
or its people. Whittier, Southern Statesman.
fall afoul of, to assail violently attack vig(jrously in ;

any way as, lie fell aj'oul of him tooth and nail, or with
afleld (a-feld'), pre}), phr. as adv. or a. [< ME. :

4. In jirogress in course of being carried out an envenomed pen.

afelde, ofclde, o fekl, < AS. on feUla (dat.), on ;

as, there is mischief afoot, afraid (a-frad'), a. [< ME. afraied, etc., pp. of
feldifi^aa.): on, E. (i^, on, in; fihl, E. field.'] 1.
(a-tor'), adv., prep., and conj. [< ME. afore, afruien,' eta., > E. affray, frighten: see affray,
In or to the field or fields as, ''we drove afield" afore :
aforn, aforne, aforen, < AS. on-fhran, before, < V. Not connected with afeurd.] Impressed
Milton, Lycidas, 1. 27; ^'^S^neasianfield," Shak.,
on, on, -I- foran, at the front. With ME. afore with fear or apprehension fearful followed ; :
T. and C", v. 3.
was merged early ME. atfore, < AS. a't-foran, < by of before the object of fear, where that is
What keeps Gurth so long afield? Scott, Ivanhoe.
(ct, at, + foran: see a-2, a-T, and /'ore;, andcf. be- not an infinitive: as, to be afraid o/ death; I
2. Abroad off the beaten path far and wide.
; ;
am afraid to go.
fore. Afore is nearly obsolete in literary use,
Why should he wander afield at the age of fifty-five? though still common in eolloq. and dial, speech Be of good cheer it is I be not afraid. Mat. xiv. 27.
: ;
Trollope.
Without travelling further afield for illustrations, it will
cf. ahint.] I. arfi). 1 . Before in place in front ; Wliistling, to keep myself from being afraid.
especially in nautical phraseology. Vryden, Amphitryon, iii. 1.
suffice if we note these relations of causes and effects in
early European times. H. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., 375. Will you go on afore? Shak., Othello, v. 1. A man who's not afraid to say his say.
Though a whole town's against him.
afilet, '' '. See affile. 2. Before in time ; previously. Longfellow, John Endicott, ii. 2.
afire ( as adv. or a. [< ME, afire,
si-fir' ), prej}. plir. If he have never drunk wine a/ore, it will go near to re- = Syn. Afraid, Frightened, Terrified, timid, shy, appre-
ofijre, aj'yr, afere, afiire, o furc (also in fire) : move his fit. Shak., Tempest, ii. 2. hensive, troubled, suspicious, distrustful. Afraid ex-
a, o, E. 3; fyre, E. fire.] On fire. II. pre}). 1. Before in time.
presses a less degree of fear than .frightened or terrified,
which descril;e outward states. In colloijuial language, I
The match is left afire. Fletcher, Island Prijicess, ii. 1. Ifyour diligence be not speedy, I shall be there afoi-e am afraid is often nearly equivalent to I suspect, I am
His heart afire you. Shak., Lear, i. 5. inclined to think, or the like, and is regularly used as a
With foolish hope. kind of polite introduction to a correction, objection, etc.,
Earthly Paradise, 2. Before in place; naiit., further forward or
ir. Morri.s, II. 131. or to make a statement sound less positive as, I am afraid ;

nearer the bows than : as, afore the windlass. you are wrong I am afraid that argument won't hold.
aflame (a-flam'), jjrep. phr. as adv. or a. [< flS,
3. Before in position, station, or rank.
;

ou, + flamc.'] Onfire; in or into flame ; ablaze. And

there is ev'n a happiness
That makes the heart afraid.
In this Trinity none is afore or after other.
The explosions, once begun, were continued at intervals
Athanasian Creed. Hood, Melancholy.
till the mine was all afiame and had to be flooded.
Pop. Sci. Mo., XX. 42.';. 4. In or into the presence of ; under the re- Antony, on the other hand, was desirous to have him
there, fancying that he would ... be frightened into a
Aflame with a glory beyond that of amber and ame- gard or notice of. compliance. C. Middleton, Life of Cicero, III. ix.
thyst. George Eliot. Afore God, speak simply.
I Airy ghosts,
aflat (a-flaf), pre}). x>hr. as adr. or a. [<a3, Every Man out of his Humour, ii.
B. Jotuion, 3. That work no mischief, us more
terri.fy
ou, -I-_//rt(l.] On a level with the groimd ; flatly. Notwith-standiug all the dangers I laid a.fore you. Thau men in steel with bloody purposes.
B. Jonson, Epiccene, iii. 5. T. D. Atdrirl,. .Set of Turriuoise.
Lay all his branches aliat upon the ground.
Bacon, Kat. Hist., 426. Afore the mast. See before. Afrancesado (Sp. pron. a-frSn-tha-sii'do), n.
aflaunt (a-flanf or a-flant'), prep. phr. as adv. III. conj. Before that ; before ; rather than. [Sp., lit. Frenchified, pp. of afrancesar, French-
m-ii. [<((3^ on, -^-_;faH^] Flaunting or flaunt- ify, < a (L. ad), to, -1- Frances, < ML. Francensis,
Afore III
ingly ; with showy equipage or dress. Endure the tyranny of such a tongue French : see French.] A
member of that party
And such a pride. B. Jonson, Magnetick Lady. in Spain which during the war of independence
His hat all afiaiint and befeathered with all kinds of
coloured plumes. aforegoing (a-f6r'g6"ing), a. [< afore + going.] (1808-14) supported the French government of
Copley, Wits, Fits, and Fancies (1614), p. 23. (ioiiig before; foregoing. the country.
aflightt, )'. t. [< ME. afligh t, pret., after aflight, aforehand (a-for'haud), jn-ej). phr. as adv. and afreet (a-fret')) . Same as afrit.
p. a. see afiight, p. a., and afflict, v. The ME.
: a. [ME. aforehande, also afor the hand ; < afore afrescat, odr. [Prop, afresco, < It. affresco, a
spelling with gh may be due to the influence of + hand. Cf. beforehand.] I. adc. Beforehand ;
fresco : a, < L. ad, to ; fresco, fresh, fresco: see
ME. a/right, affrighted, and words of similar in advance ; in anticipation. fresco.] In fresco. Evelyn.
spelling; hnt cf. delight.] Totei-rify; alann. Slie is come aforehand to anoint my body. Mai'k xiv. 8.
afresh (a-h-eah'), jrrep. phr. as adv. [< a* (for
Cam never yet ... to mannes sight of, as in anew) +
fresh.] Anew; again; after
II. ((. Beforehand in condition; forehanded: intermission.
Merveille which so sore afiight
A mannes herte as it tho dede [then did]. as, he is aforehand with the world.
They crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh.
Gower, Conf. Amant., i. 327. A.I'orehand in .all matters of power. Heb. vi. 6.
Bacon, War with Spain.
aflightt, P- a- [ME., < OP. later afflict, < L.
aflit, Not a few of the sites of the Roman cities were in after
afflictu.9, pp.: see afflict, p. a.] Afflicted; dis- aforementioned (a-f6r'men"shond), a. Men- times occupied afresh as English towns.
tressed. tioned before forementioned. ;
E. A. Freeman, Amer. Lects., p. 130.
Her herte was so sore afiight aforenamed (a-for'namd), a. Named before. Afric (af'rio), a. and n. [<L. Afrieus: see fol-
That she ne wiste what to thinke.
Gower, Conf. Araant.,
aforesaid (a-for'sed), a. [ME. aforseyd; < afore lowing.] Same as African : as, "Afric shore,"
+ .said.] Said, recited, or mentioned before, Milton, P. L., i. 585.
ii. 309.

aflightedf, p. a. + Same
or in a preceding part of the same ^yTiting or
[< afiight -ed^.] as Then will the Afric indeed have changed his skiu and
(ifligh t.
discourse common in legal use. the leopard his spots.:
X: A. Ucc, CXXIII. 446.
Judas tooke a speciall pleasure to see them so and [< afore African (af'ri-kan), . and n.
aflighted.
. . .

Sir T. More, Works, p. 1389.

aforethought (a-for'that), a. n. [< L. Africanus,
+ thought, ji/).]" I. a. Thought of beforehand; < Africa, name of the country, prop. fem. of
afloat (a-flof), prep. phr. as adv. or o.
aflotc, 6nfiote,<AS. on fioie (dat.), onfiotiace.):
[<ME. premedit;itcd; prepense: used in law Malice Afrieus, a., < Afer, an African, a word of Pheni-
aforethought. See malice. cian (Carthaginian) origin.] I. o. 1. Pertain-
on, E. ((3, on, in; fiot, water deep enough to
II.". (< afore + thought, n.] Premeditation; ing to Africa either (a) to the continent of :
allow a ship or boat to float {ei.fiota, a ship); forethought. [Rare.] that name, or (?<) to the region about Carthage,
=Icel. a floti, (dat.), a fiot (aec), afloat. The aforetime (a-for'tim), adv. [< afore, adv., + the ancient Roman province of .Africa. 2. Of
OF. a fiot, afloat, is of wholly different origin. time.] In time past in a former time.
or belonging to the black race of Africa; char- ;

See./ton(l, n. and r.] 1. Bome on the water; For whatsoever things were written aforeiime were ^vrit- acteristic of or jieculiar to negroes: as, African
in a floating condition as, the ship is afioat. ten for our learning.
: Kom. .\v. 4. feattires African cheerfulness
African almond, ;
It was not without constant e.vertion that we kept ailmii,
'"''' '^"^' prep. Obsolete form of afore. CUbebs, goose, etc. See the nouns.
baling out the scud that broke over us, and warding oil the aforni,
ice with boat-hooks. Kane, Sec. Grinn. Exp., II. 2i;4. afornenst, /"'V- and adv. [ME., also aforyen.^, n. n. 1. A native of the continent, or in
Seventy per cent, of all the shipping afioat now use the aooreye, aforn agens. < afore, aforn, before, -h ancient times of the province, of Africa. 2.
Hreenwicli meridian. Science, IV. 377. ajes,ete., against: see afore, aforn. and against, A member of the black African race a negi'o. ;
 ; : ;

Africander 104 afterings

Africander (af'ri-kan-der), n. [< African + etc., = Gr.

h-urtpu, further off, OPers. apa- = mous birth a birth occurring after the father's
;

taram, further; all adverbs, eompar. forms, < last will, or after his death used as a transla-
-d-ff.] A
native of Cape Colony or the neigh-
AS. and E. of, prep., q. = tion of agnatio in Roman law.
:

boring regions of Africa bom of white parents af-, ap- (= Goth, af

a descendant of European settlers in southern v.), off, + eompar. suffix -ter, -tar ; hence
after-body (af'ter-bod'i), n. ; pi. after-bodies af-
ter orig. meant more '
off, further
(-iz). That part of a ship's hull which is abaft
off '
(2) After,
Africa.
prep., < ME. after, after, etc., < AS. the midships or dead-flat. after, prep.,
The young Africander picks up his language Irom the
half-caste Dutch, and the descendants of Malay slaves and after, behind, along, = OS. aftar, after = OFries. afterbrain (after-bran), n. That part of the
Hottentot servants. . .. . efter = D. acliier = Icel. eptir, cftir = Dan. Sw. brain which lies behind the hind brain the last ;

Mod. Lang, of Afnca,

efter = OHG. aftar, after, prep.
B. Cust, p. 44. encephalic segment, follo\\'iug the hind brain
jV.
all from the ;

Africanism (af'ri-kan-izm), n. [< African + adverb. (3) After, conj., is an elliptical use of the medulla oblongata as far as the jious Varo-
-ism.] 1. An
African provincialism; a pecu- the prep.] I. adr. 1. Behind; in the rear: as, lii called metencephalon by WUder and Gage, :

liarity of Latin diction characteristic of some to foUow after. 2. Later in time afterward and mijelencephalon by Huxley and others. See
;

of the African fathers of the chm-eh. as, it was about the space of three hours after. these words.
He that cannot understand the sober, plain, and unaf- First, let her show her face and, after, speak. afterburthent (af'ter-ber'SHn), h.
;
The af-
fectec style of the Scriptures, will he ten times more puz- Stiak., M. forM., v. 1. terbirth. Also written afterburden.
zled vrith the knottj- Africa n ismi, the pampered metaphors, ME.
the intricate and involved sentences of the fathers.
n. prep. 1. Behind in place as, men placed afterclap (after
:
-klap), H. [< afterclap,
Milton, Reformation in Eng., i. in a line one after another. afterchipjje, < after + elappe : see elajA.] An
JIany of the warriors, roused by his [Hamet's] words unexpected subsequent event; something hap-
2. Amode or peculiarity of speech of the Af- and bis example, spurred resolutely after his banner. pening after an affair is supposed to be at an
rican race in Ainerica. Irving, Granada, p. 205.
end.
He dropped the West Indian softness that had crept into 2. Later in time than ; in succession to ; at the Those dreadful afterclap.^. South, Sermons, VI. 227.
his pronunciation, and the Africanisms of his black nurse.
G. IT. Cable, Creoles of Louisiana, p. 200.
close of as, after supper.
:
To spare a little for an afterclap
After life's fitful fever he sleeps well. Were not improvidence.
Africanization (af'ri-kan-i-za'shon), H. The Shak., Macbeth, iii. 2. Massinger, The Renegado, i. 3.
act of making African in character, or of pla- For life is sweet, but after life is death. aftercome (af ter-kum), n. AVhat comes after;
cing under negro domination. S^rinb^lr7ie, Ballad of Burdens.
consequence. [Scotch.]
Africanize (af'ri-kan-iz), f. /. pret. and pp. ; 3. In pursuit of; in search of; with or in de- And how are you to stand the afttr-come /
Africanized, ppr. Africanizing. [< African + sire for. Hogg, Brownie o' Bodsbeck,
-lie.] 1. To give an African character to. 2. After whom is the king of Israel come out ?
aftercrop (af ter-krop), n. A second crop in
ii. 9.

To place under negro domination. 1 Sam. xxiv. 14.

the same year.
But the whites have race instincts, and when the Afri- As the hart panteth after the water-brooks, so panteth
my soul after thee, God. Ps. xlii. 1. after-damp (after-damp), n. The irrespirable
canizing and ruin of the South becomes a clearly seen
danzer, they will be a unit, the country over, for the rem- gas left in a coal-mine after an exjjlosion of
That [habit of mind] which chooses success for its aim
edy X. A. Bev., CXiXI.X. 420. and covets after popularity. tire-damp (which see). It consists chiefly of
Gladstone, Might of Kight, p. 20.
carbouie-acid gag and nitrogen.
[<Ar. 'ifrit, a
afrit, afrite (af-rif, af-rit'), n.
4. In imitation of, or in imitation of the style after-egg (after-eg), n. Same as metovum.
demon.] In Arabian my?/i., a powerful e^H de-
of as, to make a thing after a model after the after-eyet (af-ter-i'), v. t. To keep in view.
mon or monster. Also written afreet. :

French after the antique after Raphael.

;

Be he genie or afrite, caliph or merchant of Bassora,

; ;
Thou shouldst have made him
into whose hands we had fallen, we resolved to let the He gave his only son the name of Orlando, after the .\s little as a crow, or less, ere left

adventure take its course. celebrated hero of Roncesvalles. To (ij'ter-eye him. Shak., Cymbeline, i. 4.
Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 1.
B. Taylor, Lands of the Saracen, p. 197. afterfeed (after-fed), n. Grass that grows after
We first behold the feet. 5. According to; in proportion to; in accor- the first crop has been mown, and is fed off in-
Then the huge, grasping hands at last the frown ; dance with: as, "after their intrinsic value," stead of being cut as aftermath.
On what should be the face of this Afreet.
B. U. Stoddard, Guests of the State.
Bacon, "War svith Spain. after-game (after-gam), H. A second game
Lord, deal not with us after our sins. . . . Neither played in order to reverse or improve the issues
Afrogsean (af-ro-je'an), a. [< L. Afer, Afri- reward us after our iniquities. Common Prayer. of the first hence, the methods taken after the
can, +
Gr. '/oia, )7jj earth, land.] In zoixjcoy.,
6. According to the nature of in agreement ;
first turn of affairs
;

After-game at Irish, an old

African or Ethiopian. Applied by Gill to a prime or unison with in conformity to. ; game resemlding backgammon. A. /-'. 1).
realm or zoological division of the earth's land-surface, In niech., apiece
including Africa south of the deseit of Sahara, with Mada- Fur if yc live after the flesh, ye shall die. Rom. viil. 13. after-gland (after-gland), n.
gascar, the Mascarenes, and periiaps tlie Arabian penin- Mr. Partridge has been lately pleased to treat me after which grasps a part of any mechanism and
sula. a very rough maimer. Swift, Bickerstatf Papers. transmits force to it.
^ froid (a frwo')- [F- a, to, with, < L. a<l, to;
:
Tlie captive king readily submitted to these stipulations, afterglo'W (af'ter-glo), n. 1. Tho glow fre-
froid, <. L. frigidus, cold: see frigid."] In ccram., and swore, after the manner of his faith, to observe tbeni (pieutly seen in the sky after simset.
applied without heat; not baked or iircd. Said with exactitude. Irving, Granada, p. 144.
The a.fter-gtow ot the evening surtused the front of tho
of decoration applied to pottery, glass, or the like, by or- 7. Below in rank or excellence ; next to : as, chapel with a warm light.
dinary painting or gilding, and which therefore can be jlilton is usually placed after Shakspere among C. II'. Stoddard, South-Sea Idyls, p, 239.
scraped or washed away.
afront (a-frunf), j>rep. phr. as adv. and prep.
English poets.
8. Concerning: as, to inquire Frequentlyin the month of November my attention had
been called to the intense coloring of the sky, and brilliant
after a person. red (itterglows, slowly fading away, and lasting long after
{_<a3+ front. Cf. affront.] I. adv. Face to
Thus much may give ua light after what sort Bookes the sun had set. Scienee, 111. 121.
face ; in front ; abreast. were prohibited among the Greeks.
Tlicse four came all a-front and mainly thrust at me. Milton, Areopagitica, p. .s. 2. second or secondary glow, as in heated A
Shak., 1 Hen, IV., ii. 4.
1 tolil him you had sent me to inquire after his health,
metal liefore it ceases to be incandescent.
n.t prep. In front of: as, afront tlie foe. and to know if he was at leisure to see you. aftergrass (af t^r-gras), n. second growth A
Sheridan, The Rivals, ii. 1. of grass in a mown field, or grass gi'owing
aftl (&ft), a. and ndr. ME. 'aft. 'afle, *aften,
[<
< AS. (eftan, behind, in the rear, <; Goth, aftana,
9. Subsequent to and in consequence of as, among the stuliblc after harvest. :

from Viehind, < afta, behind, back: forms de-

after what lias happened I can never return. aftergrcwthiaf ti'i'-groth), n. Asecondgrowth
T?o look <'r see after, to atteml to take care of as, he or crop springing up after a iirevious one has
veloped from the comparative, AS. after =
; :

iliretl a buy t<i fix'k after the furnace.

Goth, afira : see after, and cf. Icel. aptr (pro- been removed hence, any dovclojiment natu- ;

III. conj. Subsequent to the time that. rally arising after any change, social or moral.
nounced and formerly spelled aftr), back, back- .ll't'-r I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee.
ward, aft.] Xaut., in, near, or toward tlie stem The ({fter-oroifthn wliiib would have to be tirn up or
Mat. xxvl. :i2. bn.k.n IhrcnKh. J. S. Mill, Vol. Kcon., II. ii. S 2.
of a ship as, the aft part of the ship haul aft
: = Syn. Uehind, jlfter. ^cq behind.
;
afterguard (after-giird), n. In men-of-war,
the mam-sheet, that is, further toward the after (af'tfer), a. [< ME. after, after, etc., adj.,
that division of the crew which is stationed on
stem. Flat aft, baukd aft :w tar iut po-isilili-: said of a merged with after, adv., in loose comp. like af-
the quarter-deck to work tho after-sails, etc.,
fore-and-aft ^ull. - Fore and aft. lenglliwiMf or tlirough- ter-past, etc. "< AS. aftera, fein. and lunit. af- ;

out the: whiile leiigtlL of a iiip. - Fore-and-af t sail. See generally composed of ordinary seamen and
?()T, adj., <//(!, adv." and jirep.] 1. Later in
/.,r' ,1,,,/ /(. Rfgiit aft. In a dlrirt line with the stern. landsmen who are not required to go aloft;
aft-.aftenfftft,iif' nj,r/f/c. Oft; often. [Scotcli.] time
subsequent succeeding as, an after ; :
;
hence, a drudge; one occupying an inferior
of in composition may be either
aftaba (uf'ta-bii;, . [Pcrs. dftdha, a cwor.] A jieriod life, \.\fter
jiosition.
the adjective in louse combination, where the hylihen i
vessel for water, like an ai(fui^ro with bundle optional: m, an after iierind after-ageH; or the adverb, While In the steerage, however useful and at'tlvc you
and long spout, made in i|iialifylng a verbal form, or ilepemllng logically on a verb may be. von are but a mongrel, a sort of tifteruuard and
Implied as, aftrr-iiaM, the t^ftereome. aftergrowth. The "sl'ilp'r. I'ousln." /(. //. Dana, Jr.. liefore the ^laHl, p. ST.
PcTHia and iiorthi'm India, :

only a few are

commonly of iiictal, and b.iine combinations are very nuinerous
iiere given.)
;
afterhind (af ter-hindl, adr. [< after + liind'^,
with eiianK^ls or
di'coi iitcd US \n I" hind.] Aftenvard. Also written (i/Vcr-
smile the HeavenH upon this holy act
.So
damascciiinK. uIh nse.l with That artrr-hours with sorrow cliblc us not !
[Scotdi.]
liin, tifl(rliint.
a liaain having a perforated lUl SiMk., K. and J., II. , after-hold (nfter-hold), . yaut., that portion
fr)r washing the liaiids before
Tr. n/fcrage thou sbalt be writ the man, of (lie hold (if a ship which lies between the
and Hft4T eating. Hometlnies I'hat with smooth air couldst humour best our tonuue. mainmast and tlie stem.
written (iflnlfeh. Hilton, Sonnets, vlll.
riftcastle (ftft'kftH-1), n. [< The Glasgow was In Ilanics, the steward having set lire to
Wheresiiever I am sung or t^dd her while stealing rum nut oi the after-hold.
.'// + nmtU-. Cf. fitrims- In after.l\mK, this also shall be known. Soulliey, Life of Nelson. I. 28.
! .Will/., nil eli'Viition 7'ciiii)/"ii, Morle d'Arthur.
'''.J
after-hood (iif'toi'-hi'id), n. A'nf.. that portion
fiirrncrly ]ilai'i'i| on tho 2. jVniif. : (n) Further aft, or (oward Die Ntcrn III llii-iirtirctid of vessel's liottoin ]ilank which
iiftiT part of shipH of war, of tho ship: aH, tlicfi/Ycr-sails; tho<//r< '-liiiteli-
is l.'isli'iird In the stern-post.
t'l nid ill (it;htinK. way. (h) Pertaining to llii' iillor-biKly of a
>i after f/if t'-r), anr., prep., ship: as, ((/fcr-timberK. Aner-cabln, after-poak,
after-image (I'lf'ter-im'aj), ii. An image per-
artr-iall, aftar-yard. nspec live n.iuiiH.
ciivcd iiflcr withdrawing the eye from -a bril-
-uicl r/nj. \(\) Aflrr.nily., s,-,- iin-
liantly illuminated object. .Such Images are called
'
MK. iiflrr, trflrr.afterbirth (nf'ler-b/'rth), . 1. That which is
ifirr,
poHltlv'i- wlufii llielr eol.ii-H arc the same as those of tho
I-., after, nflerwnpl, buck, ,X|iolleil from the utcrnH after tlio birth <<f a "b).<t, iMid negidlvc when they are its eoniplementary
I
iKricH. iiii-r= I), iirhirr child. iiK'ludcK the pliii'eiita, Jiart of tho
It (.,|.,i ,

l)nii. 8w. iflfr= OIIU. ti_f- iiiiiliilicjil cord, mid llio inoniliraneH of the afterings af 'ter-ingz), H. /(/. [< after + -ing-a.]

(

tar, after Uoth. "flra, cdUit, Ufjaln, bn<kwanl. ovum. Also called aocundinea. 2. posthii- A 1. Tlio lust milk drawn in milking; strippings.
 -; : ; ;

afterings 105 against

It were only yesterday ns she aimed her leg right at t' afterthoughted (af ter-tha"ted), a. Having I have pursued mine enemies, and destroyed them and ;

pail wi' f afterings in slie linowed it were afterings as

;
afterthoughts. B. Taylor. turned not again till I had consumed them.
well as any Christian. Mrs. Gaskell, Sylvia's Lovers, xv. 2 Sam, xxii. 38.
after-'wale (aftcr-wal), . Insaddlcr;/, the body
2t. Figtiratively, remaining dregs ; concluding of a collar the portion against which the
;
2. Of action: Back; in return; in reply, re-
incidents or events. liaiiies bear. sponse, answer, echo.
These are the . . . aj'terinjs of Christ's sufferings. after'ward, after'wards (after-ward, -wardz), Do good, and lend, hoping for nothing again.
Bp. Hall, Sermons, No. 36. Luke vi. 35.
(((/). [< ME. afterward, also in the rare gen.
aftermath (after-math), H. {(.after + math.'] form aftencardcs, < AS. afterweard, adj., be- \Mio art thou that answcrest ayainl Rom. ix. 20.
A second mowing of grass from the same land in hind, <fl'/V(7r, adv., + -weard, >E. -ward, toward.] All Israel shouted with a great shout, so that the earth
the same season. Also called lattcrmath, rowen, In later or subsequent time subsequently. ;
rang again. 1 Sam. iv. 5.

or rowett, and in some places, when left long on In mathematics, when once a proposition has been I knit my hand-kercher about your brows: . . .

the ground, fog. demonstrated, it is never afterwards contested. And I did never ask It you again. Shak. K. John, iv 1. ,

So by many a sweep Macaulay, Von Ranke. He laughed till the glasses on the sideboard rang again.
Of meadow smooth from aftermath we reachVl Dickens, Pickwick,
The grifiin-guarded gates. Tennyson, Audley Court. after-wise (af'tfer-'wiz), a. [< after wisei.] + Of action or fact as related to time, or of
I. 261.

Wise after the event; wise when it is too late 3.

To reap an aftermath time simply: Once more; in addition; another
Of youth's vainglorious weeds. after-witted.
Loivell, Comm. Ode. There are such as we may call the after-wise, who, when
time; anew: marking i-epetition (a) Of action
or existence: as, to do anything again; he had

aftermost (af t^r-most), a. superl. [< ME. after- any project fails, foresaw all the inconveniences that
mcst, cftemest, < AS. aftemest, <eftemyst = Goth.
would arise from it, though they kept their thoughts to to make it all over again.
themselves. Addison. I will not a.7rtin curse the ground any more, . . neither
the last, superl. of aftitma, the last, it-
aftunii.^t.'i, .

will I again smite any more every thing living, as I have

self a superl., < cif- (see after) + -tu-ma, a double after-'Wit (af t6r-wit), n. Wisdom that comes done. Gen. viii. 21.
superl. suffix associated 'with the compar. suffix after the event. man he
If a die, shall live again} Job xiv. 14.
-ta-ra, AS. and E. -ter, as in aftar, q. v. In af- After-wits are dearly bought.
Let thy fore-wit guide thy thought. Souihtcetl. Quicken the Past to life again.
termost the r is inserted in imitation of after, Whitttr, The Norseman.
After-wit, like bankrupts' debts, stands tallied,
and -mest is changed to -most in imitation of Without all possibilities of payment. (/))Of number or quantity: only in the phrases
most, superl. of more, q. v. So foremost, lititcl- Ford, Broken Heart, iv. 1. as much or as many again (=t'wiee as much or
most, inmost, outmost, etc. see -most.'] Hind- :
as many), haJf as much again (= once and a
(af t6r-'mt"ed), a. Characterized
most; naut., nearest the stern: opposed to fore- after-'Witted half as much)', etc. (c) Of kind or character:
by after-'Wit circumspect when it is too late. ;
most. [Little used except in the nautical sense.]
marking resemblance.
afterneSS (af'ter-nes), n. [< after, a., + -ncss.] labour, Our fashions of eating make us slothful! and unlusty to
f^/'^cr-wifftiti (as we call it), uncircumspect, in- There is not in the world again such a spring and semi-
The state of being or coming after. considerate, heady, rash.
. . .

Tyndale, On JIat. vi. nary of brave military people as in England, Scotland, and
afternoon (af-ter-non'), n. and a. [< ME. after- Ireland. Bacon.
non, orig. prep. phr. after none : see after, prep., aft-gate (aft'gat), n. Same as tail-gate. See
4. Of succession of thought: Once more; in
and oott.] That part of the day which lock.
I. n. continuation in an additional case or instance
extends from noon to evening. aft-mealt (aft'mel), . A meal accessory to the ;

principal meal, as dessert to dinner a subse- moreover; besides (marking transition); on the
II. a. Pertaining to the after part of the day ;
other hand (marking contrast).
as, afternoon shadows. quent or late meal.
At aft-meales who shall paye for the wine ? Again, there is sprung up
afternoon-ladies (af'ter-non-la'diz), n.pl. [Cf. An heretic, an arch one, Cranmer.
F. belle de nuit, lit. the beauty of night.] In Thynne, Debate, p. 49.
Shak., Hen. -^11., lU. 2.
bot., a species of the four-o'clock, Mirabilis Ja- aftmost (aft'most), a. superl. [< aft -I- -most.] He was sometimes sad, and sometimes again profusely
lapa or M. longiflora: so called from its flow- Xnut., situated nearest the stern. men'y. Burton, Anat. of llel., p. 49.
ers opening only toward evening. Also called aft'Ward, aft'wards (aft'ward, -wardz), adv. [< Again and again, often ; with frequent repetition.
marvel of Peru. aft + -ward, Kant., to-ward the stern
-ii-ards.]
Good iiooks should be read again and again, and thought
after-note (af 'ter-not), n. In music, the second or hinder part of a vessel. about, talked about, considered and re-considered.
or unaccented note, the first of every two notes ag-. Assimilated form of Latin ad- before g. J. F. Clarke, Self-Culture, p. 323.
being naturally accented; one or more small See ad-. Now and again, now and then ; occasionally. Once
notes that are not appoggiaturas, but belong Ag. [Abbrev. of L. argenticm, sUver.] In chem., and again, repeatedly.
to the preceding instead of the succeeding note. the symbol for silver. The which he had ome and again experienced.
effects of

A. G. An abbre\'iation of adjutant-general. Brougham.

after-pains (af'ter-panz), )(. pi. The uterine
pains which occur in childbirth after the ex- aga (a'gii or a'ga), w. [< Tiii'k. agha, a great To and again, to and fro backward and forward.;

[The adverb againwas, much used in Middle English, and

ptdsion of the ch'ld lord, commander, < Tatar aha (Mahn).] 1. A
less freiiuently inAnglo-Saxon, in loose composition with
and the afterbirth. title formerh' given to gi-eat chiefs in Turkey, verbs or verbal derivatives, as equivalent to, and gener-
afterpiece ( af ' ter - and especially to the commander-in-chief of ally as an express translation of, the Latin prefix re-, as in
pes),/!. Ashortdra- the janizaries. again-light (L. re-pugnare), again-rising (L. re-surrectio),
again-buy (L. red-imere), again-stand (L. re-sistere); or of
matie entertainment There came a vast body of dragoons, of different nations,
Latin contra-, as again-say (L. contra-dicere), etc. ; being
performed after the under the leading of Harvey, their great aga.
in this use variable with gain-, q. v. Only a few such com-
Swift, Battle of Books. pounds are entered below.]
principal jday.
after-rake ( after 2. A title of respect given to village magnates Il.t X>rep. Against.
rak), H. [< after + and petty gentlemen in Turkey.
Ageyn another hethen in Tiirkye.
rake.'] Xaut., that He did nnt care for a monk, and not much for an agou- Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 66.
part of the hull of a raenos but he felt small in the presence of a mighty
;

Turkish aga. R. Curzon, Monast. in the Levant, p. 375. [Again, prep., was formerly in use in all the senses of
vessel which over- again.^t by which in literary use it has been displaced. It
Also spelled agha. i-s still common in dialectal speech, pronounced agen or
hangs the after end
of the keel. agabanee (ag-a-bii'ne), n. cotton fabric em- A agin as, I have nothing agin him.]
:

after shaft (af'ter- liroiilered 'with silk, made in Aleppo. Ill.t conj. Against the time that like :

shaft), n. [A tr. of agacella (ag-a-sel'a), n. [A quasi-Latin form against, conj. now only dialectal.]
[In this use
the term lujporachis, of alga~cl, q. v.] In her., an antelope, or a Bid your fellows
tiger 'with horns and hoofs. Getall their flails ready again I come.
coined by Nitzsch, B. Jonson, Every Man out of his Humotir,
who used it for the Feather from Argus Pheasant.
agada, agadic, etc. Same as haggada, etc. i. 1.

whole of a supple- . rf, main stem; li, calamus: ti,

again (a-gen', a-gan'), adv., ]}rep., and conj. againbuy! (a-gen'bi), r. t. [< ME. agen-, ayen-
rachis c, c, c, vanes, cut away on [The usual pron. a-gen' is that of the spelling byen, etc. ; a fit. tr. of L. redimere, redeem: see
mentary feather, as :

right side in order not to interfere

agen, which is still occasionally used, esp. in redeem.] To redeem.
described below with view of b. the aftershaft, the
and this usage is
whole of the left vane of which is lilce- poetry the pron. a-gan' follows the usual spell-
;
We hopeden that he should have againbought IsraeL
wise cut away.
ing i^ga'm. The ME. forms were numerous (of Wyclif, Luke xxiv. 21.
customaiy. Later
Sundevall restricted Jiyporachis, and conse- various types, agen, again, aycn, ayain, ayan, againrisingt (a-gen'ri"zing), n. [< ME. agen-,
quently aftershaft, to the shaft alone of such a etc.), namely, agen, again, agein, agayn, ageyn, ayen-rising, etc., often transposed, rising agen,
feather, the whole of which he called hijpopti- again (and with final -e, againe, etc.), ayen, etc. ; a lit. tr. of L. resurrectio.] Resurrection.
lum.] Inornith.: (n) A supplementary feather ayein, ayeyn, etc., azcn, again, agein, ogein, etc., The againrising of deede men. Wyclif, Rom. i. 4.
gro'wing out of a feather the hypoptilum. earlier angtn, on^eiii, < xVS. ongegn, ongen, on-
[< ME. again-saw,
againsa'Wt (a-gen'sa),
n.
;

The after-sha.ft, when well developed, is like a duplicate gedn, later agen, agedn (= OS. angegin OHG. = + saw, a saying: see saw^.']
-sagh, etc., < again
in miniature of the main feather, from the stem of which ingagan, ingegin, ingagene, ingcgane, in- MHG. Contradiction
gainsaying.
it springs, at junction of calamus with rhachis, close by the gegc'ne, engegen, G. entgegen
cngegene, = lce\.
;

againsayt (a-geu'sa), v. t. [< ME. agen-, ayen-

umbilicus. Coues, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 84. ig'egn (for *in gegn) Dan. igjen =
Sw. igen), = seyen, etc., < agen-, ayen-, etc., -seyen, -seggen, +
<b) The shaft of such a supplementary feather. &Ax. and prep., < on- for an- (in G. and Seand. etc., a lit. tr. of L. contradicere : see contradict.
Also called hi/porachis. in-), orig. and-, again, back, *gegn, gedn, in + Now gainsay, q. v.] Obsolete form of gainsay.
aftershafted" (after-shafted), a. Having comp. gegn-, geagn-, gedn-, over against: see against (a-gensf, a-ganst'), j>rep. and conj.
aftershafts: as, "plmnsige after-shafted," Coues, a-5, gaini, and gain-. Cf. against.] I. adv. [In pron. and form like again + -st; < ME. agenst,
Key to N. A. Birds. 1 Of motion or direction Back in the oppo-
. : :
agaynst, agcynst, ageynest, etc., ayenst, agenst,
afterthought (af'ter-that), n. 1. A later or site direction; to or toward a former or the agenest. etc., with added t, as in betwixt, trhiUt,
second thought. 2. Reflection after an act; original position; to the same place or person: etc., the earlier forms Iseing agens, agenes^
some consideration that occm-s to one's mind often strengthened with bad: agains, agayns, ageins, ageynes, etc., ayens,
too late, or after the performance of the act to He nyste whethir hym was moste fayn, ayeins, ayinis, agenes, ageines, ageynes, etc.,
'Which it refers. For to fyL:bte or turne agaun.
'with adverbial gen. endmg -es, < again, agen,
After-thoiufht, and idle care. Rich. Cut < (/; Lion, 1. 6299 (in Weber, 'Metr. Rom., II.).
And doubts of motley hue, and dark despair.
aycn, etc. see again. Cf. AS. to-gednes. simi-
On Marie I prayd them take good hede. :

Dryden, Fables. To that I cam agane. Towneley Mysteries, p. 78. larly formed, 'with prefix to-, to.] I. prep. 1.
Christianity is not an afterthought of God, but a fore- Bring us word again by what way we must go up. Of motion or direction: In an opposite direc-
thought. BmhneU, Nat. and the Supernat., p. 31. Deut. i. 22. tion to, so as to meet; (o) toward; (6) upon:
 ;; ;: ;

against 106 agamoid

as, to strike against a rock; the rain beats typified by the genus Agalena, of the order agamian^ (a-ga'mi-an), a. [As agamic +
against the window : to ride against the wind. Aranea". They have an oblong cephalothorax, with the -i-aii.] Same as agamic.
Aqaum his daughter hastilich coth lie. large cephalic region distinct, and the upper mammilla- agamic (a-gam'ik), a. [< Gr. a) a/2or, unmamed
" " Ch.iuccr, Clerks Tale, L 911.
larger th.-m the lower. The species are numerous, and l:: (see agamous), + -ic] 1. Asexual: in zoiil.,
genera have been admitted for those of Euroj^e. Among
The birds against the Arril wind them are some of the most familiar spiders which spin applied to reproduction witliout the congress
Flew northward, sinsing as they flew. tubular webs. of individuals of opposite sexes, as by fission,
ir*i((iVi-, What the Birds Said.
Same as agalJoclmm. budding, encystment, or parthenogenesis used
agalloch (a-gal'ok),
)). ;

2. Of position : (a) In an opposite position agallochum (a-gal'o-kum), n. [NL., < Gr. a7.- I'q also of ova capable of germination without im-
directly opposite; in front of: in this sense '/.oxov(Dioseorides), not, as stated in Liddell pregnation. The word is of general application to
often preceded bv over: as, a ship is against and Scott's Lexicon, the bitter aloe, but the asexual reproduction, but has some special applicability
the mouth of a river. to tlie phenomena of alternate generation or discontinuous
fragrant wood also called in later times ^v'/m'/.oij, development which may intervene in ordinary sexual re-
[ \3r0n] lighted
the lamps thereof orer agaimt the can- in NL. transposed Aloexylon (another genus), production. Opposed to gamic. See agaiiwgcnesig.
>"i'm- ^-
dlestick. translated lignum aloes, E. lign-aloes, q. v.; of The agamic reproduction of insects and other animals,
{b) In contact with; bearing upon: as, to lean eastern ori.gin cf. Heb. nkhillini, mase. pi., from
: ir, B. Carpenter, in Corr. of Forces, p. 425.
against a wall; in optical contact with (some- a sing, Hind, uijhil, Skt. agiini, agalloch,
akliiil, The aga mi'c ova may certainly be produced, and give rise
thing behind); athwart: as, the ship loomed aloes-wood. See aloe.} A fragrant wood, the to embryos, without impregmition.
Bp dark and grim against the sky. aloes or lign-aloes of the Scriptiu'es. it is much
ilnxh'ij, .\nat. Invert., p. 250.
He saw used by the Orientals, and especially by the Chinese, as in- 2. In hot., of or pertaining to the Agama: or
in heaven the hall that Merlin built,
High up cense in their religious ceremonies. It is the produce of
Blackening againgt the dead-green stripes of even. crvptotrams,
Agnilaria AgaUocha, a large tree which grow-s in the
Tennygon^ Pelleaa and EttaiTe. agamically (a-gam'i-kal-i), adv. In an agamic
mountains of Cochin-China, Assam, and ailjoining regioTis,
3. Of action or purpose: (a) In opposition to and belongs to the natural order ?'A//jh.-/('(/i:c(p. Portions or asexual manner asexually.
;

in contrariety to ; adverse or hostile to : as, of the trunk and branches become saturated with a dark agamid (ag'a-mid), . A
lizard of the family
aromatic resin, and these alone are used in the prepara- Aijiiniida;.
twenty votes"<7ai* ten; against law, reason, tion of incense. The resin is sometimes extracted by dis-
or public opinion. tillation or infusion. The wood is also called calamine, Agamidse H. pi. [NL., < Jgama^
(a-gam'i-de),
His hand will be against every man. Gen. xvi. 12. aloex-wi'od, and agila-, agat; or eaglewood. See eagle- + -ida:] A family of saurian reptiles, order
"When a scandalous story is believed against one, there wood. Lacertilia, superfainily Agamoidea. They are char-
certainly is no comfort like the consciousness of having agalma (a-gal'ma), n. ; pi. agalmata (-ma-ta). acterized by having a short, tliick tongue, entire (that is.
deserved it. Sheridan, School for Scandal, iv. 3. [NL., a delight, honor, a pleasing
< (jr. uya'/.jia, uuclclt) or nearly so, and not extensible ; small rhombic
overlapping ventral scales ; a long tail ; round pupil, and
(6) In resistance to or defense from as, pro- : gift, esp. to the gods, a statue, any image or work
tection rt(7aiHsJbiirglars, cold, fire, etc. to warn ; of art, < iq a'A7x(y0at, take delight in, ayaX/sir,
one against danger the public are cautioned honor, glorify.] 1 In liin\ the impression or im-
.

against pickpockets.
;

age of anj-thing upon a seal. 2. In Gr. aniiij., a

As if the man had fixed his face, votive offeiing to a deity, especially a statue, but
In many a solitar>' place, also a painting or any other art-object. See
Against the mnd and ojien sky !
Wordsieorlli, Peter Bdl, i. 20.
etymology of anathema. 3. [cap.] In coiil.,
a genus of physophorous oceanic hydroids, the
(c) In provision for; in preparation for; in an- type of the family .Igalmida: Esclischolt:, 182d.
ticipation of ; with reference to. (ag-al-mat'o-lit), H. [<Gr. ;?.-
agalmatolite
Agaimt the day of my burying hath Bhe kept this. IJa{T-),image, -1- /.i6or, stone.] A soft stone, of
John xii. 7.
It was now high time to retire and take refreshment
a graj-ish or greenish color, found iu China and
againat the fatigues of the following day. elsewhere. It can be cut with a knife and polished,
Goldsmith, Vicar, iii. and in China is thus formed into works of art, as grotesque
figures, etc. pagodas, It belongs in part to the mineral
((7) In exchange for; in return for; as a bal- pinite, and in jiart to pyropliyllitc ami steatite. Also
ance to as, an exporter draws against mer- called Jtgure-stonc, lardstone, Intdstctn, and pngodite.
:

chandise shipped. Agalmidae (a-gal'mi-de), V. pt. [NL.,< Agahna

Vav.'LS'-urs sulxiivide again to vassals, exchanging land
and cattle, human or otherwise, against fealty.
ilotlfij, Dutch Rfputilic, I. 2S.
Against thegrain. See,7raini. Against thesun, ina umn with two or more rows of nectocalyces,
direction contrary to the apparent movement of the sun.
Against time, (a) Literally, in competition with time
a.s, a match or a race against time, that is, with the effort
to finish before the close of a given time.
+ -idle.'] A family of pliysopliorous siphonoph- Agama hrachyiira.
orous hydrozoans, ha\'ing a greatly elongated
eyes provided with lids. The family is very closely re-
and sjiiraUy twisted stem, the swimming-col- lated to the lg\ianid(e, but the dentition is acrodont. not
plourodont. It is named from the leading genus, Agama
(or Amiphiliolurus), but contains sc\cral others, anuing
and liyilrophyllia and tentacles present. them Draco. D. mlans is tlu- so-called th ing lizard. The
Agalmopsis (a-.gal-mop'sis), . [NIj., < Agalma family is divided into Againinir mid Dnicnninn'.
appearance.] A genus of .iiiiilmidiv Agarilinae (ag-a-mi'ne), . 2'f- + l< Agoma'i +
bijiir,

I always felt as if I was riding a race against time.

(6) For the pui-pose of consuming time
.
resembling Agalma, having (leciiluous livilm- -iiiir.] A subfamily of agamoid lizards with
Dickens,
pliyllia replaced by nectocalyces, a saccule and no wing-like latcr.al expansions, a mouth of
as, he talked
an involucre, a terminal lilament and no vesicle. moderate size, and small conical incisors. It
:

against tiinf, that is, merely to gain time, a method some-

liars, 184(i.
times adopted by members of legislative and delilierative embriices about 70 species, inhabiting Asia,
assemblies who desire to defeat some measure or moti(Mi
agalwood (ag'al-wud), H. [See eaglewood.'] Africa, and Australasia.
by lapse of time, or to gain time for supporters to a.sscin-
Same as a</iiltoclti(in.
ble. To be against, to be unfavorable t<) n.s, the bid iV :
agamine (ag'a-min), . lizard of the sub- A
Agama"^ (iig'a-mii), . [NL., from
against you, tliat is, in favor 'tf some (ttlicr bidilcr. To the Carib- family Agamina:
bear against, to bristle against, to go against, it.-.lii-ari name.] 1. A genus of small saurian agamist (ag'a-mist), n. [< Gr. ayauo(, unmar-

See tlic.ie verb*. To run against, to meet reptiles, typical of the family .ignmidir (whidi
accidentally.
ried (see agamous), + -ist.] One who does not
TJ..conj. (by ellipsis). Against the time that; see). 2. [/. c] A member or species of tlie maiTy one who refuses to marry ; one who op- ;

by the tiino that before as, be ready against genus Agama, or of closely related gcuera with poses the institution of marriage.
; : :

I get back. [Now only colloq. or dial.] a i>lural, agiimas (-miiz). Againists ami wilful rejecters of nmtrimony.
Throw on another log of wooil wiainst father comes Agama- (lig'a-mji), i. ;*/. [NL., nout. pi. of Foxe, Book of Martyrs.
home. Dickfns, Pickwick. iigiin:iis: afi^ agnmoiis.] The agamous division agamogenesis (ag''a-m6-,ien'e-sis), n. [< Gr.
againstandt (a-gen'stand), r. t. [< ME. agciii-, (if iiiciUusks. I.iilreille, ISl!,'). See iiiiamniis, o;iii/oi, unmarried (see iigiimou.'(), + } fwffff, pro- L',

ageii-nlantli II, -stondcn, < AS. dr/en-, onqcdn-slan- Agamse (ag'a-ine), H. pi. [NL. (sc. jiliiiilo), duction.] Non-sexual reproduction, (a) liwnoi.,
dan : see tigain and stand."] I'd stand against fem. 1)1. of iigamiis: see agiimous.] A name the production of young without the congress of the sexes,
withstanil: ojipose. given by some authors to the large division of one of the phenomena of alternate generation partheno* ;

againwardt, '"''. [MTI. utiayn-, a^ttiin-, aijen- cryptogamic plants, which were fonnerly sup- genesis ojiposed to gnmognicsis. :

Aiiamf>gcncjii.H is of freciuent occurrence among insects,

iniril, iU\; again -i- -iraril.']
<. 1. Backward; posed to be williout distinctions of s<'X.
back again. (Chancer. 2. In return back. agami (ag'ii-mi), . [F. agamg (1741), now
and' occurs under two extreme forms; in the one, the
parent is a perfect female, while the gernis have all the
.Sir T. .iffirr. 3. Again; once more. 4.
;

('011- itgiimi, from tlie native name in Guiona.] A iiioi-phologieal charai-tet-s <if eggs, and to this the term
versely; vice versa. Spenser. S. Onthocon- grallatorial bird, parlla-iiogenesis ouglitto be rcstrieled. In the other, the
iiarent has Ineompletc female genitalia, and the germs
trnrj-; on the other hand. Sir T. More. I'sopliia crepitans,
have ntit the ordinary characte?-s of insect eggs,
agalactia Ciig-H-lak'ti-(i),n. [N1j.,< (ir.nyaP.ax- a native of South tliixleii, Anat, Invert., p. .183.
ri'i, want of milk, < (i)ii'/aKToc, wanting milk: see America, oftiMi
CO In '*"'., natural reproduction by buds, oll'shoot, cell-
aijiilmtoii><.^ In fiiitliol., a deficiency of milk in called golden-
tli<^ division, i-le.
nio"''' -' o|ii|,||)irth. Also called n(/o/x//.
'
breasted trumpet- agamogenetic (ag"ii-m6-je-net')k), a. [< nrja-
aga' !:ik'tii8), fl. [< Or. )'i/'.nKTof,
'
er. It Is in body of iiiiigiiirsis, nUvrgi iielie. i|. v.] Of or lu'rlaining
' - |>riv. + yn'/.a {ya'AuKT-) = L. the size of a pheiutant til agamogenesis; ])ro(luced williout the con-
it runs with great
] Characterized by agalactia.
peed,lnitHleHp<jorly,
gress of tlio sexes.
ifleasily tanii-d, and All known aitawoanietic processes . . . i-nd in a coni-
il-il'gl), n. Same
as nffrtr-rtflor. becomcM as docile [uid plde return In'llle lirliiiltlvc stock.
attached to nuin as a /hu-tcii. Lay Sermons, p, 312,
Ittk-ni), M. TiCHK corrent fonn of
dog, ,See PsofihiidiV. .igamogenetically(ag"ii-mo-.ie-net'i-kiil-i),r/ii.
Ag,i '-lf''iiii), n. rNL.,< (Jr. 'i- i>riv.
agamian' (a-ga'- in nil againogcnetic manner; liy ( with asex-
-f ". 'iilmnru". tniin|tiillily : in nl-
nii-aii), a, mid n. iial generalion.
[=!''. agtttniin, <
ln'<'r
. A gelMIH Ill ni(st IHseophora, the eliihiyo br-eonies a (Ixed actln-
of I
I

niMi-, i^'iving
NL. .Iiiniiiii^. I I. "la. . . . multiplies againogriicticntfit h.v budding, and
nnri It. I'erlaining or [V.'s rise to permam-nt i-olonies 0I Ilydl-ltonn liolyps.
,1. Iiiti}ir,i,ihiea \h
tluxlni, Anat. Invert,, p. 133,
I" '. WolHlpoIi ll'TbltKC*.
belonging to the
Againida-. .igamoid (ag'ii-moid), (/. anil 11. [< .Igamal +
agalenid ,
, , a npider <.! the II. II. A m<<m- -"/'/, v.] I^ a. In .riiiil., perlnining to or re-
ij.

rjtritil;. i

liir of tlie fatnilv seinbliiig lln^ Agiimiilii or .liiiniiniiliii.

Agalenia.;, . ,.i-ilc), . /./. [NI.,, < /l//n- .tiliimidii (which . .,, II, ". A lizard of the liiniily .liiaiuidw or atx-
lena + -te.J A riimily of tiilutolanaii Hpidera,
.'
*5e^,
\ Akiii1. or IntiiUK!loi(/'/tf/A^.a
trffittani). porfumily Agamoidea.
 ; ;: : ;

Agamoidea 107 agate

Agamoidea (ag-a-moi'de-li), *i. pZ. [NXi., < Agaphelus (a-gaf'e-lus), n. [NL., < Gr. aynv, and important genus of fungi, characterized by
Jildiiin' +-(ii(lc(i.] Asuperfamilyofenglossato very, much, -t- ikPe'Mk, smooth. These whales having a fiesliy cap or pileus, and a number of
laV-ertili:nis, having coueavo-eonvex vertebrffi, lack the usual folds or plaits of the throat.] radiating ijlates or gills on which are produced
clavicles not dilated proximally, and no post- The tyi)ieal genus of the subfamily
AgaphcUnce. the Jiaked spores. The majority of the species are
A the scrag-whale. E. I). Cope, 18(58. furnished with steins, but some are attached by theii- pilei
orbital or postfrontal squamosal arches. Tlio . gihixifmii is
to thcobjeetHoii wliieh tliey grow. Over a thousand species
"i-oiiii i-DiHiirises tlie fninilies Ariaiiiiilte, Igaanido!, Xenu- agaphite (ag'a-fit), n. [So named by Fischer are known, whieli are arranged in five sections accoriliiig a^
saurUlii; Xuniiriihv, and Anijuida;. Sec cuts under Aija- iu 181(5; iAgdphi, a naturalist who visited the the color of tlieir spores is while, pink, brown, ]iurple, or
NL. iigarmis, < Gr.
regions iu Persia where the tm'cjuoise is found, black. Many of the species arc edible, like the (-onimon
a'gamous (a^'a-'mus), a. [<
+ -ilc^.] A name sometimes given to the tur- even nuishroom, A. eampeiftri^, while tithersare deleterious and
ayaftoc, without marriage, unmarried, < a- priv. poisonous. .See 7/uw/troo'W.
quoise, more especially to the fine blue variety.
+ jfi/Iof, marriage.] 1 In hul., same as agiimic.
.

Agapornis (ag-a-por'nis), n. [NL.,< Gr. aynirii, Agarista (ag-a-ris'ta), n. [NL.] The typical
2. In aool., having no distinguishable sexual genus of tlie ianiily Agaristida:. Leach.
love (see agape"^), + opvic, a bird.] A genus of
organs. iSee aijamic, 1. [Hare.] Agaristidae (ag-a-i-is'ti-de), . pi. [NL., < Aga-
The molluscan race are divided into two branches, tlie rista -\- -ida:] A family of heterocerous lepi-
phanerogamous and the agamnvs or cryptoganuc. dopterous insects, or moths, typified by the
JuhTiston, Introd. to Concllol.
genus Agarista.
: see
[< Gr. aya/tia, < aya/jo^
agamy (ag'a-mi), V.
agastt, r. t. [< ME. agastcn, pp. agast: see
iKIiiuioiis.'i abstention from
Non-man'iage ;
(iglinst, gast, ghost.'] 1. To frighten; terrify:
niaiTiage, or rejection or non-recognition of the
usually in past participle agast, now written
requirement of man'iago in the relation of the aghast (which see).
sexes.
Or other grisly thing that him aghast.
aganglionic (a-gang-gli-on'ik), a. [< Gr. a- Spenser, f. Q., I. ix. 21.
jiriv. (ii-^^) + (jdiiylioiiic.] Characterized by
2. Reflexlvely, to be terrified.
the absence of ganglia.
The rynges on the temple dore th.at honge.
agapae, ". Plural of agnpi9. And cek the dores, clatereden ful finite,
Agapanthus (ag-a-pan'thus), n. [NL., < Gr. Of which Arcita somwhat hinn agate.
nyarrt/, love (see agapt^), apBo^, flower.] + A Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 2424.
small genus of ornamental plants belonging to Agastreae(a-gas'tre-e), see Ji/as-
n.;j/. [NL. :

the natui'al order I.ilinrnr. The spiiics arc peren- tria.] A term proposed in 1874 by Huxley ae
nial lu-rbsfrum soutlRrii Africa, u itli >liap sliapcd rii.li.al
leaves and laryc unilicis uf liriylit-bliic llowcrs. Tljcy Icive
apro\isionaldesignationof one of two divisions
Ijecn Ion;,; in cuUivatiun. Love-birds [^gaporttis catta). of metazoic animals (the other being Gosft'erc),
agapel (a-giip' or a-gap'), j^rep. phr. as ade. or a. by which the orders Cestoidca and Acantho-
[< (I'i + "gapc.'\ With the mouth wide open in small African parrots, including the love-birds,
; ccphtilu, which have no alimentary canal or
an attitude of wonder, expectation, or eager at- sometimes made the type of a subfamily Aga- proper digestive cavity, are contrasted -with
tention. pormthina:. P. J. Sclhy, 1836. See love-bird. all other Metazoa. 'Jour. Linn. Soc, XU. 226.
Diuzles the crowd, and sets them all agape. agart, ". Same as acl-ir~, eager^. Sir T. Browne. Some alterations in this scheme have since been made
Miltvn, P. L., V. 367. agar-agar (ii'gar-il'giir), . The native name . the Agatitreai are relegated, the Cestoidea to Trema-
. .

A fledgeling priest, of Ceylon moss or Bengal isinglass, consisting toda and Acauthocephala to the Nematoidea.
Beginning life with callow beak Paseoe, Zobl. Class., p. 4.
of dried seaweed of several species, such as
. . .

Agape for luck. Browning, Ring and Book, I. 01. [NL., < Gr. a-
Gracikiria lie^icnoidcs, Eiichcuma .sjiinii.^nni, etc. Agastria (a-gas'tri-a), n. pi.
agape2 (ag'a-pe), n.; pi. agapcc (-pe). [L., < It is much used in the East for sofips and jel- priv. + yaari/p, stomach.] A term of no exact
Gr. ayuTT?/, love, charity in the abstract sense signification in modern biology, but formerly
lies. Also called agul-agal. See gclose.
ayoTvav, to love, treat with aft'oction.] 1 A meal
agaric (ag'a-rik or a-gar'ik), n. and a. [< L. employed to designate certain low organisms
.

ugaricum, ^ Gr. ayapmdv, a sort of tree-fungus whieh'have no proper digestive caidty. Also
used as tinder, named, according to Dioscori- called Agastrica.
des, from the coimtry of the Agari, iu Sarmatia, agastric (a-gas'trik), a. [< Gr. a- priv. -I- ;acr-
where this fungus abounded.] I. . A
fungus Tt/p, stomach see gastric.'] Without a stomach :

of the genus Agaricus. Among the old herbalists the or projicr intestinal canal, as the tapeworm.
name liad a wider range, including the corky forms gi'ow- Agastrica (a-gas'tri-kii), n. pi. Same as Agas-
trees, like the '* female agaric," Poh/2)oru^
trunks of
^'m.
,(/
in-,' t.n
to wliicli the word was originally applied, and
'>lii,'i/n:li:<,
tria.
agatel (a-gaf), prep. phr. as adv. [< ME. on
w known as agaric in the materia medica. See
tiirh is still
Agiirwu.i, Buleliis, and Poiy/Mrus. Agaric-gnat, a dip- gate: oii, E. o3, on; gate,'^. gate^, way: see
terous insect of tlie family Mycetophlfiiltr (wliicli sec). 'gatr^ and gait.] On the way going; agoing; ;

II. a. Of or pertaining to agarics fungoid. ; in motion': as, "set him (!r//e again," ijogriia,
Agaric mineral, a very soft and liL;ht \aricty of calcite or iii.6; "set the bells agate," Cotgrave. [Old
cakinnicavlionate. It is generally pure uliitc, foundchicHy
in the clefts of rocks and at tlie liottoin oi .^"n^c lakes in
and prov. Eng. and Scotch.]
Agape, or Love-feast, (From Roller's "Catacombes de Rome.") a loose or semi-indurated form resembling a fungus. The agate- (ag'at), . [Early mod. E. aggat, ag-
name is also applied to a stone of loose consistence found get, aggot, aggott, agat, agot, agatli (=D. agaat
partaken of in common by the primitive Chris- in Tuscany, of which bricks may be made so light as to = Sw."Dan. agat), < OF. agate, later " agathe,
tians, originally in connection with the Lord's float in water, and of which the ancients are supposed to
have made their tloatiii^i' bricks. It is a hydrated silicate an agate" (Cot-
supper. It was made the occasion of offerings for the
grave), mod. F.
of magnesium, mixed with lime, alumina, and a small
poor, and closed with devotional exercises, including the
kiss of love. According'to late usage, agapa; were also as- ttiiantity of iron. Also called laountaln-rnUk and monn- agate = Pr. ((.(/o-
tflin-tneal.
sociated with weddings, funerals, anniversaries of martyi'- tlies,acliatcs=Si).
<loms, and the dedication of churches. The loss of their Agaricia (ag-a-ris'i-a), n. [NL., < Agaricus, q. Pg. It. agata =
original character and the growth of abuses led to the pro- v.] A genus of aporose sclerodennatous stone- MHG. G. achat,
(

hibition of them in church buildings, and in the fourth cen- corals, of the family Fungidcc, or mushroom-
tury to their separation from the Lord's supper .and their <.Jj. achates, < Gr.
gradual discontinuance. Vestiges of the practice, however, corals. Lamarcl; 1801. axaTr/r, au agate
remained as late as the Council of Basle in the fifteentli agariciform (a-gar'i-si-fdrm), a. [< NL. Jga-
so called, accord-
century, and customs historically derived from it are still rieiix, agaric, +
L. -furmis, < forma, form.] ing to Pliny, be-
observed by some denominations. See love-feast. Mushroom-shaped. cause first foimd
May God speed the universal pentecost and agape of
his one Holy Catliolic and Apostolic Church.
agaricin (a-gar'i-sin), n. [< agaric + -j"2.] A near the river Agate, poli^hel, sh'^wing banded
structure.
Sf'haff, Christ and Christianity, \\ 20,
white crystalline substance obtained from the ^,\dr)?f,in Sicily.]
white agaric, Poli/porus officinalis. A
variety of quartz which is peculiar in
2. [_cfip.'\ [NL.] In ro67., a genus of lepidop- 1.
terous insects.
Agaricini (a-gar-i-si'ni), ri. pi. [NL., < Aga- consisting of bands or layers of various cotora
ri cim.'] An order of fungi having the fruit- blended together. It is essentially a variegated chal-
Agapemone (ag-a-pem'o-ne), n. [Irreg. < Gr. bearing sm-face arranged in radiating gills, as cedony, but some of the bands may consist of other varie-
oya-ri, love (see again"), + povij, a staying, a The
in the mushrooms and toadstools. ties of quartz, for the most part cryptocrystalline.
stopping-place, dwelling, < /livciv, stay, remain varied manner iu which these materials are aiTanged causes
see remain.^ Literall.y, the abode of love
agaricoid (a-gar'i-koid), a. Of the nature of the agate when polished to assume characteristic differ-
mushroom-like.
specifically, thename
of an association of men an a.garie [NL., masc, < L.
;
ences of appearance, and thus certain v.arieties are distin-
(a-gar'i-kus), n.
and women established at Charlynch, Somerset- Agaricus prop.neut. adj.: see Of/aric] A large guished, as ribbon-agate, fortification-agate, zone-agate,
star-agate, moss-agate, clouded agate, etc. See also cut
agaricum,
shire, England, in 184(5, imder the direction of under t'oneentric. Agate is found chiefly iu trap-rocks
the Rev. Henry James Prince, the members of and serpentine, often in tlie form of nodules, called ge-
which lived on a common fund. odes. It is esteemed the least valuable of the precious
stones. Agates are cut and polished in large quantities
Agapemonian, Agapemonite (ag"a-pe-m6'ni- at Oberstein in Oldenburg, Germany, where also artificial
an, ag-a-pem'o-nit), n. An inmate of the Aga- means are used to produce striking varieties of color in
pemone (which see). these stones. In Scotland also they are cut and polished,
agapetae (ag-a-pe'te), n. pi. [LL., < Gr. ayairr/rai, under the name of Scotch pebbles. They are used for rings,
seals, cups, beads, boxes, handles of small utensils, bur-
fem. of ayam/Tui;, beloved, verbal aiij. of oja-
pi. nishers, pestles and mortars, and, in delicate mechanism,
to love.]
Trdi', A
title given in the early ages as bearing-surfaces, pivots, and the knife-edges of weigh-
of the church to virgins who dwelt, in a state of ing apparatus. In Shakspere agate is a symbol of little-
so-called spiritual love, with monks and others ness or smallness, from the little figures cut in these stones
when set in rings.
professing celibacy. This intercourse occa-
I was never manned with an anale till now.
sioned scandal, and was condemned by the Shah.. 2 Hen. IV,, i. 2.
Lateran Council in 1139.
Agaphelinae (a-gaf-e-H'ne), H. pJ. [NL., < Aga- 2. A
draw-plate used by gold-wire drawers,
plichi>: + -inw.'i Asvibfamil,y of finner whales, naiued from the piece of agate through which
family lialtniopteridw, having the skin of the the eye is drilled. 3. In printing, type of a size
throat not plicated and no dorsal fin. Common Mushroom {Affaricus catn^estris). between pearl and nonpareil, giving about 160
 :

agate
lines to the foot. It is used chiefly in news-
papers. In Great Britain it is known as ruby.
This line is printed in agate.

4. An instniment used by bookbinders for pol-

ishing; a burnisher. McElrath, Com. Diet.
5. Achild's playing-marble made of agate, or
of glass ia imitation of agate.
agate-glass (ag'at-glas), n. variegated glass A
made by melting together waste pieces of col-
ored glass.
agate-shell (ag'at-shel), n. A popular name
of certain large shells of the genus Achatina
(whieh see).
agate-snail (ag'at-snal), m. A species of the
genus Achatina (which see).
agate-ware (ag'at-war),. 1. Pottery mottled
andveined in imitation of agate. 2. A variety
of enameled iron or steel botisehold ware.
Agathis (ag'a-this), n. [NL., < Gr. ayaffic, a
ball of thread.] 1. In T>ot., the older and now
accepted name for the genus of Coniferie com-
monly known as Dammara (which see). 2.
In :ool., a genus of ichneumon-flies, of the
family Bruconida:. LatreiHc, 1804.
agathism (ag'a-thizm), 7!. [< Gr. ayaB6c, good,
+ -!>).] The doctrine that all things tend to-
ward ultimate good.
agathist (ag'a-thist), n. [< Gr. ayad6(, good, +
-Ut.] One who holds the doctrine of agathism.
agathocacological (ag'a-tho-kak'o-loj'i-kal),
o. [< Gr. a)a<'of, good, T
KQKur, bad, -i- -'/.oyia
{-'/xiyiKo^), <.'/.() nv, speak: see -ologtj.'] Com-
posed of good and e^il pertaining to both good
;

and e^-il. Southey, Doctor, I. 1120.

a^atliodseinoil (ag'a-tho-de'mon), n. [< Gr.
ayadodaiiiuv, prop, written separately ayaitoc;
daifiuv : ayattoa good ; iai/iuv, spirit, demon
see demon.'] A
good genius or spirit a male ;

divinity corresponding to the female AgatUe

Tyche, or Good Fortune. At Atliens, ami elsewhere
in ancient Greece, it was customary at the end of a meal
to pour out in his honor a libation of pure wine.
agathodaemonic (ag'a-tho-de-mon'ik), a. [<
Gr.d} iiiioiiitiiiLiv: see agatho(1<rmo)i and demonic]
Relating to or of the nature of an agathodte-
mon ;
pertaining to an agathodremon.
agathopoietic (ag 'a-tho-poi-et'ik), a. |Trop.
agatlhijiifctic or -poetic, < Gr. a}aOo:roic'iv, do
good, < iVjodo^, good, +
!70(e(i', do: see jmetic.']

Intended to do good; benevolent. Bentham.

[Rare.]
Agathosma (ag-a-thoz'mS), )). [< Gr. aya66r,
good, -t- 'uGiJ.il, earlier odjiti, smell, akin to L. odor :
see odor.] A
large genus of plants, natural or-
der /^wtacer;?, natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
The Hottentota mix tlie drietl and powdered leaves of A.
puleMta with the grease with whieli they smear their
liodies, fedvins them a smell intolerable to Europeans.
Several species are cultivated for tlieir Howers.
agatiferons (ag-a-tif'e-rus), a. [< agate" +
i-frrDii.i, < L./errc=E. tenrl.] Containing or
jiroiluciii)^ agates. Craig.
agatiform (ag'ii-ti-form), a. [< agate'i + -i-
J'iirm,<. \j. liaviug the form of
pirma, fonn.]
an agato resembling an agate in appearance.
;

agatine (ag'a-tin), a. [< agatc^ -incl.] Per- +

taiiiiiig to or resembling agate.
agatize (ag'ij-tiz), v. t. ; pret. and pp. agatized,
ppr. aguli:ing. [< agatc^ -iCc] +
To change
into agate. .lUso spelled agatise Agatized
wood, slliclfled wood In the form of ngate.
agaty fiig'ii-ti), a. [<agatt'i -y.] Of the na-+
ture of or resembling agate: as, "an agaty
flint," Woodward.
Agave (a-ga've),)i. [NL.,
>"'
< Gr. iiyavii, noble, used It.
aUo as a proper name,
'Ajai'^, L. Agaiic, Agave;
fpin. of u,(iv6^, noble,
illiistriouD, akin to yaictv,
be jirovid, rijoico, and
to L. qnudiiim, joy.] A
largo North Aimni'an go-
nuH of plants, of tlie nat-
nrnl order AjiiariiUidnr^a,
ehi. ' M ,

KI...
 : )

age 109 agent

of Dante in the thirteenth century, or later, (c) The mid- The aried man that coffei's up his gold agendf (S'jend), n. Same as agendum (c).
die arios, a ijerioil of almiit a tlionsanil yeiira, lietween Is pl.agu'd with ci-anips and gouts and painful
cunsi.lcriil ancient his- Shak., Lucrece,
fits.
agendum (a-jeu'dum), agenda (-da).
. ;
pi.
vlie close of what is tcclinically
1. S5.''i.
[1j.,something to be done, neut. of agendm,
tory a] ul the first defliiitu umai incuts in Kiir"])c of the It Is a great misfortune to us of the more elderly sort,
distini:tivclymoilern spirit ol ti^i-.l..ni anil enterprise. Its that we were bred to the constant use of words in English gerundive of agere, do see agent, act.'} A :

lieiiiiiniuLi is synchronous witli that of the dark ages, and children's books, which were without meainng for us and tiling to be done usually in the plural, things
:

it is variiiusly reckoned as extending to the fall of Con- only mystified us. 0. H'. Uohw.s, Old Vol. of Life, p. 172. to be done; duties. Specifically- (a) Items of busi-
stantinciple (1J53), the invention of printing, the Itenais- You are vid ; ness to be brought before a committee, council, board, etc.,
sance, or the discovery <it America, iu the llflecnth cen- Nature iu you stands on the very verge as things to be done, {b) Matters of practice, as opposed
tury or to the Retonnatinn, in the early pait (d the Of her confine. Shak., Lear, ii. 4. to credenda, or matters of belief.
sbite'enth. W) The /ci//. f/ycj,-, a portion of the mid.lle Change "The Ancient Mariner" to "The Old Sailor."
ages, marked liy the prevalence nf fe\nhil Inslituliuns and and you throw the mind into a mood utterly inharmonious
The moral and religious credenda and agenda of any
of the spirit of chivalry, extendiii.; Hum
tli. ir nearly luii-
with the tone of Coleridge's wonderful poem.
good man. Coleridge.
vei-sal establishment in the tenth century t.i tlieir decline Especially (ct) Matters of ecclesiastical practice
A. S. Hill, Rhetoric. ; ritual
in the sixteenth. Archaeological ages or periods, the or liturgy, (d) As a collective singular, a memorandum-
stone age, the bronze age, and the iion age, these names agedly (fi'jed-li), adv. Like an aged person, book. [Rare in all uses.]
agedness (a'jed-nes), n. Tlie state or couditiou agenesia (aj-e-ne' si- a), n. [NL.] Same as
of being old oldnesa.;
(hfrH/sis.
Custom without truth is but ar/ediiess of error.
Milttin, Reform, of Church Discipline, i. 2C.
agenesia (a,j-e-nes'ik), a. [< agenesis -ic.] +
Pertaining to or characterized by agenesis.
agee (a-je'), prep. phr. aa adv. or a. Same as +
ajec.
agenesis (a-jen'e-sis), )(. [NL., < Gr. a- priv.
)ivtcir, generation.] In physioL, any anomaly
ageing, n. See aging.
of organization consisting in tie absence or
Agelasinse (aj'''e-lf-i'ne), n. ^)?. [NL., < Age-
imperfect develojiment of parts. Also called
Iwus +
-i(c.] A
subfamily of Amerieaa osciae
agenesia. [Rare.]
Agenia (a-je-ni'a), )(. [NL., < Gr. ayhcio;,
beardless, < a- priv. ycveiov, beard, < j-ffuf + =
E. ('/((.] In entom., a genus of hymenopterous
spider-wasps, of the family Pompiliidce, charac-

Implements of ttie Stone Age.

1, saw-edged flint knife ; 2, crescent-stiaped (lint knife ; 7, stone ax ;

4, flint flake-lcnife ; 5. harpoon-head of flint ; 6, flint Knife.

being given in accordance with the materials employed

for weapons, implements, etc., during the particular pe-
riod. The stone age has been subdivided into two, the
paleolithic and neolithic. (See these words.) The word
age in this sense is improperly used (by an unfortunate
transfer from the Scandinavian archteology), since it has
no reference to clironology, but simply denotes the stage
at which a people has arrived in its progress toward civil-
ization. There are tribes yet in their stone a^e. Neither
do the more primitive implements necessarily disappear
wholly on the appearance of those of a more advanced Marsh-Blackbird [Agtlaus tricolor).
stage. The phrase stone age or stage, therefore, merely
marks the most primitive period, and bronze age (chiefly passerine birds of the family Icteridce. it is re- Agenia bombycina (Cresson).
in antiquity) that before the empliiyment of iron, among lated to the conirostral Fringillidce, or finches, less nearly a, cell constructed by the wasp ; b, female wasp. ( The vertical line
any specified people or tribe. Canonical age. (a) In to the crows, Corvidos, and to some extent it replaces and shows natural size.
the Jiom. Calh. C/i., that age fixed l>y the clnu'ch at which represents in America the old-world Sturnidai, or star-
her subjects incur, or become capable of assuming, special lings. The subfamily includes the marsh-blackbirds of the
obligations, states of life, etc., or of enjoying special priv- gentis Agelceus, as the common red-winged blackbird of terized by having smooth legs. The females build
Ueges and dignities. Thus, the obUgation of lastmg begins the United States, A. phoeniceus ; the yellow-headed black- curious mud cells under logs or under the bark of trees,
provisioning them with spiders.
at twenty-one profession by religious vows is made only
: bird, Xanthocejihalus icterocephalus ; the cow-bird, Molo-
after the age of sixteen and to become a bishop one should
; thrus ater; the bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus; and nu- agennesia (aj-e-ne'si-a), 11. [NL.] Same as
have completed his thirtieth year. The age of reason is merous related species, chiefly of the warmer parts of agennesis.
that at which a child becomes morally responsible, sup-
posed, in the majority of cases, to be about seven, (b) In
America. Less correctly WTitten Agelaince.
agennesic (aj-e-nes'ik), a. [< agennesis -ic.} +
Agelaeus (aj-e-le'us), n. [NL., < Gr. ajelalo^, Characterized by sterility or impotence per-
Anglican churches, the age at wliich a man may be or- belonging to a herd, gregarious, < ayeh/, a herd taining to agennesis.
;

dained to any tine of the three grades nf the ministry.

Dark ages. ."^ee above. Fabulous age. See /nbnlous. (L. grex), < a) civ, drive.] The typical genus
agennesis (aj-e-ne'sis), . [NL., < Gr. a- priv.
'

Geological ages. See above. ;i. Middle ages. See of blackbirds of the subfamily Agelieinw ; the yimijGu:, engendering, +
jrwai', engender.] In <
above.
The age of a horse, in racing and trnttingmles, marsh-blackbirds. There are several species, such as
med., of reproductive power in either sex;
want
is reckoned from January 1st of the year of f< laling. Other A. phceniccus, tlie eiimmon red-wingetl marsh-blackbird
dates, as May-day, were formerly used. = Syn. iira, Period, of the United States, and -A. tricolor of California. Also impotence of the male or sterility of the female.
etc. (see epoch), date years, eon, cycle.
;
spelled Agelaius, as originally by Vieillot, 181(5. Also called agennesia. [Rare.]
age (aj), V. ; pret. and pp. aged, ppr. aging. [< agelast (aj'e-last), n. [< Gr. a-ye?MaToc, not agennetic (aj-e-net'ik), a. [< agennesis {agerv-
ME. agen, agi/n, <. age, Ji.] I, intrans. To grow laughing, < a- priv. -1- yeTiaardc, verbal atij. of net-) + -ic.} Characterizedby sterility; -unpro-
old ; assume tlie appearance of old age : as, he yeXav, laugh.] One who never laughs. [Rare.] ductive; agennesic: as, an ot/eHHefic period.
ages rapidly. Men whom Rabelais would have called agelasts, or non- agent (a'jent), a. and n. [< L. agen(t-)s, ppr.
I am aging ; that is, I have a whitish, or rather a light- laughers. Liotdnn Times, Feb. 5, 1877. (N. E. D.) of agere, "drive, lead, conduct, manage, per-
Landor.
coloured hair here and there.
Agelena, Agelenidae. See Agalena, Agalenidai. form, do, =
Gr. ayeiv, lead, conduct, do, Icel. =
II. trans. old; cause to grow or ageless (aj'les), . [< age, n.,
To make -less.} Without + aha, drive, =
Skt. / aj, di-ive see act, etc., and :

to seem old; produce the effect of age upon; age ; without definite limits of existence. cf. alee, aclie^, acre.} I. a. Acting: opposed
bring to maturity or to a state fit for use ; give agemina (a-jem'i-na), n. Same as a:::iinina. to patient in the sense of sustaining action.
the character of age or ripeness to as, to age agen (a-gen'), adv", prep., and conj. :
An old [Rare.]
wine, clay, etc. spelling of again, still occasionally used. The force of imagination upon the body agent.
-age, [< ME. -age, < OF. -age, mod. F. -age Borne f<ar asunder by the tides of men. = Bacon, Nat. Hist., 902.
Pr. -atge =
Sp. -age =
It. -aggio and -atico, < L. Like adamant and steel they meet agen.
Agent intellect. See intellect.
-dticum, a noun suffix, orig. neut. of -dticus, adj. Dryden, Pal. and Arc, i.
II. . [<F. agent, < ML. agen(t-)s, a deputy,
suffix. For examples see savage, voyage, etc.] agency (a'jen-si), . ; pi. agencies (-siz). [= F.
attorney, factor, etc., substantive use of L.
A noun suffix of French, ultimately of Latin agence, < ML. agcntia, < L. agen(t-)s, ppr. of agen{t-)s, ppr. of agere: see above.] 1. An
origin. Frequent in words taken from the French, as agere, act: see agent.} 1. The state of being
active cause; an efficient cause; one who or
language, savage, voyage, pottage, baggage, etc., it has in action or of exerting power ; action ; opera-
come to be a common'English formative, forming, (a) from tion ; instrumentality. that wliich acts or has the power to act: as, a
names of things, collective nouns, as fruitage, lea/age,
The aiiencii of providence in the natural world. moral agent; many insects are agents of fertil-
baggage, etc.; (6) from personal terms, nouns denoting ization, laphys., heat, light, and electricity are called
condition, office, rank, service, fee, etc., as bondage, parson-
Woodward, Pref. to Ess. toward Nat. Hist, of Earth,
agents, in order to avoid hypothesis with regard to their
age, porterage, etc.; (c) from verbs, nouns expressing va- For the first three or four centuries we know next to
nothing of the course by which Christianity moved, and nature. In chem. and med., whatever produces a chemical
rious relations, as breakage, cleavage, postage, steerage, etc.
the events thi-ough which its agency was developed. or medical effect is called an agent.
aged (a'jed, sometimes ajd), p. a. [ME. aged, De Quincey, Essenes, i. Heaven made us agents free to good or ill.
agyd; < age, v., -erf2.] +
1. Old ha-ving lived ;
a means of pro- And though he foresaw the will.
or existed long; ha'ving reached an advanced 2. A mode of exerting power ;
forc'd it not,
Dryden, Cock and Fox, 1. 538.
period of life as, an aged man an aged oak. ducing effects.
: ;
To say that man is a free agent no more than to say
is
But although the introduction of a fluid as an Agent ex-
Shall aged men, like aged trees,
Strike deeper their vile root, and closer cling,
plains nothing, the fluid as an Ageney
i. e., its hydrody- that, in some instances, he is truly an agent and a cause,
On
Still more enamour'tl of their %vretched soil?

namic laws explams much. and is not merely acted upon as a passive instrument.
the contrary, to say that he acts from necessity is to say
G. B. Lewes, Probs. of Life and Mind, I. i. 92.
Young, Night Thoughts, iv. lit. that he does not act at all, that he is no agent, and that,
[Under English racing rules, a horse is said to be aged Opinion is the agency through which character adapts for anything we know, there is only one agent in the uni-
external arrangements to itself.
verse, who does everything that is done, whether it be
(pron. ajd) when he is more than seven years old.] H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 517.
2. Of the age of: as, a man aged forty years. good or iU. Bad.
3. Pertaining to or characteristic of old age. 3. The office of agent or factor; the business Thro' many agents making strong,
These bitter te.ars, which now you see
of an agent intrusted with the concerns of Mattu-es the indiWdual form.
Tennyson, Love thou thy Land.
Filling the aged wrinkles in my cheeks. another: as, the principal pays the charges of
SAat.,Tit. And., iii. 1. aqencij.
4. The place of business of an agent. 2. A
person acting on behalf of another, called
= Syn. 1. Aged, Elderly, Old, Ancient. Old is the general In the' United States, frequently used iii the sense of an his principa! ; a representative ; a deputy, fac-
word fi>r being near to tlie nattu-al end, or having nearly Indian ageiiey, an office or settlement in or near the res- tor, substitute, or attorney. Often abbreviated
peached the usual period, of life: as, a cat is old at twelve ervation of an Indian tribe, at which resides an Indian
years. Elderly is rather eld, beginning to be old. Aged is agent of the government, charged with the interests of the to agt. In law, agent implies a kind of service in which
very old. A ncient is so old as to seem to belong to a past tribe and the care of the relations of the government to it the one serving lias some discretion as to the manner uf
age. (See other comparisons under ancient.) as, the Pawnee agency. Tree agency. See/rec. accomDlishing the object.
 a
: :

agent 110 aggrandizement

The house in Leadenhall street is nothing more than a aggestt (a-jesf). ' pp. of agglutination (a-glo-ti-na'shon), )(.
' [< L- aggestus, [=F. ag-
change for their agents, factors, and deputies to meet m, aggerere, adgerere, bring together see agger.] ghitinolioii : iaggli(tinate,r.] 1. The act of unit-
:

to take care of their affairs, and to support their interests. To heap up. ing by glue or other tenacious substance the-
Burke, ;

The violence of the waters aggested the earth. state of being thus imited; adhesion of parts;
In the evening arrived . . one of the three agentt of .
Fuller, Church Uist., Ded. of bk. 9. that which is united a mass or group cemented ;
the Ohio company, sent to complete tlie negotiations for
Western lands. Bancroft, Hist. Const., II. 110. aggett, aggettt, . Obsolete spellings of agalc'^. together. 2. Injiliiloh, the condition of being
An official: as, an agent of police. -Agent agglomerate (a-glom'e-rat), r. pret. and pp. agglutinate the process or residt of aggluti-
;
;

3. ppr. agglomerating. nate combination. See agglutinate, a.

a person who is lioth the doer of a
iii/iihiiiit rated, [< L. ag-
and patient, in /<l!r,
thus, when a In the .\ryan languages the modifications of words, com
thini- and the party to whom it is doue ; ghoiKriitiis, pp. of agglomcrare, adglomcrarc,
prised under declension and coiijugalion. were likewise
person who owes money to another dies and makes the Wind into a ball, < atl, to, -t- glomerare, wind originally expressed by a;igliaination. But the coinpoitent
creditor his executor, the latter may retain out of the
into a ball, < glomu.'t (glomcr-), a ball, aldn to parts liegan soon to coalesce, so as to form one integral
estate as much as satisfies his claim, and is thus said to be
anevt and patient. [Rare.] Agent of truancy, the name (7?o6*-, a ball see (//oftc. Ct. conglomerate.] I. word, liable in its turn to phonetic corruption to such an
:

extent that it became impossible after a time to decide

given to a class of officers or em|il.'ycei sirvin.- umler the trans. To collect or gather into a mass. and which the modificatory element.
winch was the I'OOt
local school authorities in several cities "I New \ .ik State, .

In one agglomerated cluster hung. Max Muller.

to eiili.ne the prnvisions of the ComiiulsiTV F.iiucation Young, :N'iglit Thoughts, ix. 1911.
Act, requiring the attendance of childien at school. Immediate agglutination^ in surg., union of the parts
There is to an American something richly artificial and of awound Ity the fii-st intention (see intention), as distin-
Catalytic agent. See cat^iML-. Ciown agent. See were, in the way these colossal dwellings are
Firsi;
cri.wii agent, an agent not incited by another. scenic, as it guished from mediate agglutination, which is secured
General agent, .an agent whose authority, though it packed together in their steep streets, in the depths of
their little enclosed, aoolomerated city.
through the iiiteipusitioii of some siilistanee, as lint, be-
tween the lips of the \\onn<l.
may be linnted to a particular trade or business, and a par- H. James, Jr., Trans. Sketches, p. 21.
ticular place, is general in respect to extending to all acts agglutinationist (a-glo-ti-na'shon-ist). H. In
of a kind ordinarily involved in the matters in questii.Ti. II. intrans. To gather, grow, or collect into philol., an adherent to the theory of agghitina-
Morbific agent, in med.. a cause of disease. Thera- a ball or mass : as, " hard, agglomerating salts,"tioii. See agglutinate, a. Enci/c. Brit., XXI. '2T2.
peutic agent, in med.. a substance, as for example mor-
phine, or a form of motion, as heat or electricity, useil in Tltnmson, Seasons, Autumn, 1. TOG. agglutinative (a-glo'ti-na-tiv), o. 1. Tending
treating disease. Voltmtary or free agent, one who agglomerate (a-glom'e-rSt), a. and n. [< L. or having power to agglutinate or unite hav- ;

m.ay do or not do any action, and has the conscious per- etgglomeratuf!, pp. see theVerb.] I, a. Gathered ing power to cause adhesion: as, an agglutina-
:

ception that his actions result from the exercise of his own
See ,?>(?.
into a Ijall or mass ; piled together; specifically, tive substance. 2. In philol., e-xhibitipg or
will.
in hot., crowded into a dense cluster, but not characterized by the formative process known
agential(a-jen'shal),a. [<JIL.7eH, agency,
Pertaiuiug to an cohering. as agglutination; agglutinate (which see): as,
< L. (i(ieu(t-)s: see agent.'l
n. n. 1. A
fortuitous mass or assemblage an agglutinative language.
a^'i-iit or to an agency.

agentshipt (a'jeut-sliip), n. The office of an

of things; an agglomeration. 2. In geoh, an
Their fundamental common characteristic is that they

a^'iut agency. Beau, and Fl. accumulation of materials made up chiefly of [the Scythian languages] follow what is styled an ag;ilu-
: tinnfife type of structure. That is to say, theelemellts out
large blocks "huddled together in a pell-mell of which their words are formed are loosely put together,
age-prayer (a'j' prSr), . [< aye + prai/cr. after
Law L. alttli.'! jirecatio, a plea of age, or a'latem way, without regard to size, shape, or weight." instead of licing closely ctunpacted. or fused into one.
A. H. Green. The temi is used almost exclusively with U'ltitneti, Lang. andStudj-of Lang., p. 316.
precari, plead age, AF. age prier : see age and
reference to volcanic ejections, and is rarely, if ever, em- aggracet (a-gi-as'), v. t. l<ag- grace, v.; sug- +
pray.] Inearli/ Eng. law, a suggestion of non- ployed by .-Vmerican authors. See breccia and
age, made in a real action to which an infant
coniitouie-
gested by OP. agrachcr, agracliier U. aggra- =
was a party, ^\nth a request that the proceedintis agglomeratic (a-glom-e-rat'ik), a. Pertaining :iare, formerly aggratiare, < ML. aggratiarc,
be stayed untU the infant should come of age. to (ir having the nature of an agglomerate. show grace to, < L. ad, to, gratia, grace.] 1. +
.(Vlso called 2'/( of parol demurrer. Stimson. agglomeration (a-glom-e-ra'shon), n. [< L. To show grace or favor to. Spenser. 2. To
agar (a'jer), H. [L., E. acre, q. v.] In cuil = (igglomerotio(ii-), < agglomcrare : see agglome- add grace to, or make graceful.
.-^nd, that which all faire workes doth most aggraee.
UIU-, a field; generally, a portion of land in- rate, v.] 1. Tlie act of agglomerating or tho
The art, which all that wrought, appeared in no place.
closed by definite boundaries. state of being agglomerated; the state of gath- Spfiuier, F. Q., II. xii. 58.
agerasia'(aj-e-ra,'si-a). H. [NL., Englished n.f/f- ering or being gathered into a mass. (a-gras'), n. Kindness; favor. aggracet
ra-'iij, < tir. a-;Tjpacia, eternal youth, < a; r/imror, //- I'l)
Ity an nndisceniing agglomernti"H of facts he[Berkele)']
convinced numbers in his own day, and he has had be-
aggrade (a-grad'). i\ t. [< L. ad, to, -t- gradu.i,
paur, a-j/jpcjr, not growing old: see Ageralum.']
lievers in Ireland almost to our day, that tar-water could
step. Cf. degrade.] In geol., to grade up fill
A
;

green old age freshness and vigor of mind

;
up the opposite of di grade or wear awag.
McCmh, Uerkclcy, p. S3.
cure all manner of diseases. :

and body late in life. [Rare.] See ag-

2. That which is agglomerated a collection a aggrandisable, aggrandisation, etc.
agerasy laj'e-ra-si), It. Same as agerasia. ; ;

Ageratuin(a-jer'a-tum), H. [NL.; also, as L., heap any mass, assemblage, or cluster formed gr(tiHli.:ithU etc.
;
,

ugernliiii, < Gr. a^i/parm; an aromatic plant, per- by mere juxtaposition. aggrandizable (ag'ran-di-za-bl), a. [(.aggran-
The charaiing c6teau which faces the town, dize + -able] Capable of being aggrandized.
haps yaiTOW or milfoil, Achillea ageralum : i)rop. . . .

soft agtilomeration of gardens, vineyards, scattered villas, Also spelled aggrandi.s'ablc,

neut. of hyripiiTor, ay/paoi;, a^ijpur, not growing gables and turrets of slate-rooteil chateaux, terraces with aggrandization (a-gran-di-za'shon), n. The
old, undeeayiug, < a- priv. -t- )waf, oUl age .J gray balustrades, moss-grown walls draped in scarlet \'ir-
act of aggrandizing, or the condition or state of
A genus of plants, natural order ('ompoxitiv, all giniu creeper. //. James, Jr., Little Tour, p. ;).
being aggrandizetl. Also spelled aggrandisa-
American and chiefly tropical, nearly allied to agglomerative (a-glom'e-ra-tiv), a. Ha\'ing a
[Kare.]
tion.
Enpalorium. A. conuzoid>^n {A. Mexicamnn) is a well- tciidciiey to agglomerate or gather together.
known flower-border anninll, with dense lavcndcr-blue ^o part of the body will consume by the aggrandization
Taylor |isl eminently iliscursive, accumulative, and (to of the other, but all motions will be orderly, and a just
In-;. da. which keep tlieir color long.
use one of llis <w ll words) m/'doinerativc. distribution be to all parts.
Ageronia (aj-e-ro'ni-ii), ;/. [NL.] A genus of Ci>lerid;ie, I'ocnis, etc. (1S17), p. 13!). )Yaterhous, Fortescue, p. 11)7.
American butterflies of the family }\iimpUal-
agglutinant (a-glo'ti-nant), a. and . [< L. aggrandize (ag'ran-diz), r. pret. and pp. 03- ;
Utx. A. fornax occurs in the soutliwestern <iggliiiiniin{l-)s, jijir. of t'lgglutinarc: see agglu- aggrandizing. [< V. aggrandiss-,
graniti-<(l, jipr.
part of the United States and southward. tending extended stem of "aggranilir, to grcaten, aug-
tinate, v.] I. o. Uniting as glue; to
agensia, ageusis (a-gu'si-ii, -sis),". [NL.] cause adhesion. ment, enlarge," etc. (I'otgrave), now agrandir =
Saiiii' as agi iixtia.
It. aggrandire, enlarge, < L. ail, to, -I- grandire,
Something strengtliening ami agiihitinanl.
ageostia (a-giis'ti-a), n. [NL., < Gr. uycvtrria, Grail, Works (IS'jr,), 11. 1!)2.
increase, < grandis, large, great see grand.] :

a fasting, < a-jevjror, fasting, not tasting, < a- substance which agglu-
Any
II. ". \-iscous I. trans. 1. To make groat or greater in power,
priv., not, +
)fi'(T7c verbal adj. of -/fliaVai,
tinates or unites other substances by causing weaKh, rank, or honor; exalt: as, to aggrandize
taste, akin to L. gu.iluti, taste: see guKt-.'] In adhesion; anv application which causes bodies a family.
med., a detect or loss of taste, oecuiring in to adlii-i-c logl-lhcr. I'lie stoics identified man with (lod, for the purpose of
coWs and fevers, or arising from nervous dis- agglutinate (a-glii'li-nat), v. t.; pret. ami jip. gloril> iiig man
the Neoplatoiiists for the puriiose of ag-
ease. [iranilising (Jod. I.eekti. Kurop. Morals, I. S45.
aggliitiiiatiil, ppr. agglutinating. [< L. aggtnli-
aggatt, H. Obsoleto spelling of agalc^. natiiK, pli. of aggintinare, adglutinare, jiaste to, 2t. To magnify or exaggerate.
aggelationt (a.j-e-la'8hon), . [< ML.- aggela- < ad, to, -I- glul'iiiare, paste, (.'gluten, jiaste, glue If we trust to fame and reports, these may itroceed . . .
lunn-), < I.,, ad, to, i/elare, freeze: see con- + sec gluten and gine.] To unite or cause to ad-
from siiiall matters agin'andized.
gial.] I'ongi-lation ; freezing. Sir T. liroune. Wollnslon, Religion of Nature, 6.
here, as with glue or other viscous substance;
aggenerationt (a-jen-e-ra'slion), . [< L. ag- iniilc bv riiusiiig 1111 adhesion. 3. To widen in scojie; increase in size or in-
generare, ailgeiurarc, Vjeget additionally, < ail, tensity; eidarge; extend; elevate.
agglutinate u-glii'l i-nnt ), a. [< L. agglutinatns, (

\<>, + gi iierart bi'get nee generate.'] The act of I'hcse furnish us with ghulous springs iiiid mediums to
, :
sec Ihc- vi-rli.J ifnited as by glue; ei.iir-
:

gi lo riii'iii,' or prodticing in addition. .V. JC. I),

Iij). raise mid a<i<iratulizc our conceptions.
acterized by adherence or incorporiilion of dis- 'iaix, lni]iiovclnelit of Mind.
agger .ror), n. [L., a pile, lieaj), mound, dike, tinct parts or eleiiients as, an agglutinate liiii-
'

: (\ivetons death bi-reiivcd 11s all,

nio|.-, |iiir, cti:., < iiggerere, adgireri, bring to-
gnage. (See below.) Iii/.(.. giiiwntogethi-r: eiiulva To aggrandize one funeral.
gelhcr, < ad, I.,, + gtrere, I'arry. ) 1. In A'm. lenllori.-i-r.-(.-. iipplii-daUolofungllhatarcllrmlyallii'bi-il
l-Unerson, Threnody.
nnfi'/., an eiirtliwork or any arliliciiil nii!Unil or to the inuiHv. .H.iiniti written (ul'ituiinate. Agglu- Syu. 1. o honor, dignify, advance, elevate, give llis-

rampart, as, in Koine, the agger of Servius Tiil- tinate languages, langunges exhibiting all Inferior de- tcrT...
gree of lnleiiili..n in the elemenln of llieir onl, or of To grow or become greater.
'^ """1111 road or military way, so II. intrans.
"".l""?'
<'' lllillb Hllon of wokIk. the lilll\e ulid prellxen renillllng a
roads were raised in the certain Indepindence id one uiiollier and of the root or
'
[Uiire.]
mi to the sides. Btem lo Willi h Ihey are addeil oppoMid to iiOlerhiY or : FollleM, coiitliineil till old age do aggrandize and be-
*gg' injli-rliimnl languugeK, 111 whiill llie Mepamle lilelllllv of come horrid. ./"'Ill Hall, I'ref. to I'oeinn.
'. '. [<.ii. aggeralUK, pp.
uleiii and ending 1 mole oflen fully lol, and II iulnid
.\1mi siirlli'd aggrandise.
"' " ', nr fonn an agger heap, iiugliillnallon even ioine to h.- irpliiced bv an Inlennil
("'") " agger, ('t. cxayyeralr.] change In llii- lootor leni. llul (In- dlnllnctlon l of llllli Iggrandizement (ag'ran-diz-ment or a-griin'-
o I,.
'I .1 ,, ,
,,, Miciillllc value. TllrklHh a favorite example of an ag-
U iTiz-meiil ), . [< K. "aggrandissement, a grant-
aggcrati,ii i
I'shon), w. Hh.aggfira- glnllimle tongue, ing, rnliirging, enereiise, also inelVrnii'iil, ad-
agglutinating (a-gl'li-iia-ting), ;). n. In now ment
'mm-), //"If vf aggerali:.] A )ii'ii|iing; pTiilol., cliaiaclerized by agglutination; agglu-
vniieriiienl " (("otgriive), agriindiss(
aeptimiili.' .1, ri, " amioraUiinM of Hand." Itaii, sre aggrandize and -mi nl.] 'i'lie act of aggran-
linali' (which see). dizing; the sllite of being exiilleil in power,
aggerOBO he nullvea |of tho nonllnrn ImIhimIii of Ihe Kinglall rank, or honor; exiiKiilion enlargenieni as,
[< L. * if 'aggirninu,
I :
/. ;

^agi/ir An bipeliigol KlH'ak an imilluUimliwi lanKUagi', lur-

. . .

the emperor seeks only llie aggrandizement ot

,

I
In hiiips; foriiii-d iu rent from the middle of liengle paoiiage t'l the noulliern-
hoBpH. /'//. niont liilnnda ftboiit Cape Horn. Scitncr, III. IIUI. his own family. Also Hiiilled aggrandisomcnt.

aggrandizement
Survival of the fittest will tietei-iiiine whether such spe-
cially favounil-'le conditions result in ttie affirrandisement
of the individual or in the niultipli<:utioTi of the race.
;/. ti/Kiuvr, I'rin.
= Syn. Augmentation, advanceiuent, elevation
ment, pintnotion, exaltation.
aggrandizer (ag'ran-di-z6r), ag-
n.
gi'inidizi'S or e.xalls iu power, rank, or honor.
Also .siiclli-d <i(j(jr(niiliscr.
aggrappet, Ubsolcte form of cir/nijfc.
aggratet (a-griit' \ o. t. [< It. (njijraUin:, also aq-
gradarc and iiij,jradire, < ML. 'aiji/ralare (cf.
aggratiare, under aggracc), please, < L. ad, to,
+ gralus, pleasing, >' It. grato, pleasing, grado,
pleasiue.] 1. To please.
Each one sought his lady to aftgrate.
Spenser, F.
2. To thank or express gratitude
The Island King: . . . aggregate
A'ljyaU'a the Knights, who thus his right defended.
P. Fletcher, Purple Island, ii. 9. (^V. E. D.)
aggravablet (ag'ra-va-bl), a. [< L. aggrava-re
(see aggravate) +
E. -Jfc.] Tending to aggra-
vate ;
aggravating.
This idolatry is the more discernible and aijfjravable in
the invocation of saints and idols.
Dr. //. More, Antidote against Idolatry, ii.
aggravate (ag'ra-vat), v. t. ; pret. and pp. ag-
gravated, ppr. aggravating. [< L. aggravatus,
pp. of aggravare, adgraimre, add to the weight
of, make worse, oppress, annoy, < ad, to, gra-
vare, make heavy, < grarin, heavy: see graved.
Cf. aggrieve and aggredye.'] If. Literally, to
add weight to or upon ; increase the amount,
quantity, or force of; make heavier by added
quantity or burden.
Then, soul, live thou upon thy servant's loss,
And pine to aggravate thy store.
let that
Shafc, Sonnets, cxlvi.
In order to lighten the crown still further, they aggra-
vated responsibility on ministers of state.
Burke, Rev. in France, p. 39. (X E. D.)
2. To make more grave or heavy; increase the
weight or pressure of; intensify, as anything
evil, disorderly, or troublesome: as, to aggra-
vate guilt or crime, the e\'ils or annoyances of
life, etc.
Maim'd in the strife, the falling man sustains
Th' insulting shout, that agqravates his pains.
Crahbe, Tales of the Hall.
The [French] government fotmd its necessities aggra-
rateof by that of procuring immense iuantities of firewood.
Jejferson, Autobiog., p. 72.
In every department of nature there occur instances of
the instability of specific form, which the increase of ma-
terials aggravates rather than diminislies.
A. R. Wallace, Nat. Selec, p. 165.
3. To exaggerate ; give coloring to in descrip-
tion ; give an exaggerated representation of
as, to aggravate circumstances. [Rare.]
He [Colonel Nath. Bacon] dispatched a messenger to
the governor, by whom he aggravated the mischiefs done
by the Indians, and desired a conmiission of general to
go out against them. Beverteg, Virginia,
4. To provoke; irritate; tease. [Colloq.]
I was so aggravated that I almost doubt if I did know.
Dickens.
= Syn. 2 ajid 3. To heighten, raise, increase, magnify;
overstate. See list under exaggerate.
aggravating (ag'ra-va-ting), jf). a. 1. Making
worse or more heinous: as, aggravating cirauva-
stances.
2. Provoking; annoying; exasperat-
ing: as, he is an aggravating fellow. [Colloq.]
Which makes it only the more aggravating. Thackeray.
aggravatingly (ag'ra-va-ting-li), adv. In an
agf;ravating manner.
aggravation (ag-ra-va'shon), n. [=P. aggra-
vation, < ML. aggravatio(iir-), < L. aggravare : see
aggravate.'] 1. Increase of the weight, inten-
sity, heinousness, or severity of anything the
act of making worse addition, or that which is
; lar arcs.
added, to anything evil or improper: as, an
aggravation oi pain, grief, crime, etc. 2. Ex-
aggeration, as in a pictorial representation or
in a statement of facts; heightened descrip-
tion. [Rare.]
Accordingly they got a painter l.iy the knight's directions
toadda pair of whiskers to tlie face, and liy a little aggra-
vatutnot the features to change it into the Saracen's Head.
3. Provocation; irritation. [Colloq.] 4. In
Rom, canon law, a censure, threatening excom-
munication after disregard of three admoni-
tions. Chamb. Cijc. (1751).
aggravative (ag'ra-va-tiv), a. and n. I. a.
Tending to aggravate.
II. n. That which aggravates or tends to ag-
gravate or make
worse.
aggravator (ag'ra-va-tor), n. One who or that
wliich aggravates'.
aggredget, v. t. [< ME. agredgen, aggrcgen, ag-
reggen, agregen, < OF. agreger, agregier Pr.
: ;; ! :;
Ill aggression
agretijar, < ML.
'aggreviarc for * aggraviarc, Thedifference between an aggregate and a product la
tliat in the first ease the component parts are simply
equiv. \o L. aggravare, to add to tlie weight of,
grouped together, added ; in the second, the constituent
of Biol., 359. make worse, oppress, annoy, aggravate see :
elements are blended, multiplied into each other.
;
prefer- aggravate and aggrieve, and cf. abridge, abbre- Q. II. Lewes, I'robs. of Life and Mind, II. ii, 93.
viate, dliege'^, alleviate.] To make hea'vy; ag- 2. Any hard
material added to lime to make
Ono -who gravate; exaggerate. concrete. IC. J). N.
3. Milit., the total com-
aggregant (ag're-gant), n. [< L. aggrcgan(i-)s; missioned and enlisted force of any post, de-
p|ir. of aggregare ; see aggregate, v.] One of t)io partment, ilivision, corps, or other command.
particulars which go to malie up an aggregate; - In the aggregate, taken together considered aa a ;
specifically, one of a number of logical terms whole ; collectively.
which are added together to make a logical sum. Our judgment of a man's character is derived .from ob-
Aggregata (ag-re-ga'ta), n. j>l. [NL., neut. pi. serving a number of successive acts, forming in the aggre-
gate his general course of conduct.
of [j.nggregatnti: see aggregate, v.] In Cuvier's Sir G. C. Leuds, Authority in Matters of Opinion, ii.
system of classification, the second family of
his Acephala nuda, or shell-less acephals; the aggregated (ag're-ga-ted), p. a. Same as aggre-
(J., II. i.\. 34. compound or social ascidians opposed to Ne- gate, a.
:
to. gregiilii. aggregately (ag're-gat-li), adv. CoUeetively
(ag're-gat), v. pret. and pp. aggre- taken together or in the aggregate.
;
gated, \>\n: aggregating. Many little things, though separately they seem too in-
[^i\j. aggregalns, pp.
significant to mention, yet aggregately are too material
of aggregare, udgregare, lead to a flock, add to,
for me to omit. Cfies'terfield, Letters, II. 347.
< ad, to, +
gregare, collect into a flock, < grex
igreg-), a flock: eeo gregarious. Cf. congregate, aggregation (ag-re-ga'shon), n. [< ML. aggre-
segregate.] I. iran.f. 1. To bring together ; col- gatio{n-),ih. aggregare: seo aggregate, v.] 1.
The act of collecting or the state of being col-
lect into a sum, mass, or body: as, "the aggre-
gated soil," Milton, P. L., x. 293. lected into an tinorganized whole.
Tlie protoplasmic fluid within a cell does not become By "material aggregation" being meant the way in
which, by nature or by
aggregated unless it he in a living state, and only imper- art, the molecules of matter are
fectly if tlie cell has been injured. arranged together. Tyndall.
Darwin, Insectiv. Plants, p, G2. W;tiiti]ig any great and acknowIc(l'..'cd centre of national
+ Ideas which were only feebly connected become aggre- lifeand tlioii^lit, our expan.sion ha^ hitherto been rather
gated into a close and compact whole. aggrcgati'ui tlian growth. Lofr,:ll, study Windows, p. 83.
W. K. Clifford, Lectures, I, 93.
2. In logic, the imion of species to form a ge-
2. To amount to (the number of) make ; (the nus, or of terms to form a term true of any-
sum or total of) an elliptical use.
:
thing of which any of its parts are true, and
The guns captured
five orsi.\
will aggregate in all probability
. . .
hundred. Morning Star, April 17, 1805. (N. E. D.)
only false when all its parts are false. 3. The
adding of any one to an association as a mem-
3. To add or unite to as a constituent member ber thereof; affiliation. [Rare.]
make a part of the aggregate of as, to aggre- :
The second [book] recounts his aggregation to the soci-
gate a person to a company or society. [Rare.] ety of free-masons. Mo7ittdg liev.^XX. 537. {N. E. D.}
II. intrans. To come together into a sum or
mass; combine and form a collection or mass.
4. A combined whole ; an aggregate.
In the United States of .America a century hence we
The
taste of lioney aggregates with sweet tastes in gen- shall therefore doubtless have a political aggregation im-
eral, of which it is one
not with such tastes as those measurably surpassing in power and in dimensions any
of quinine, or of castor oil. empil'e that has as yet existed.
H. Sjiencer, Prin. of Psychol., 114. J. Fiske, Amer. Pol. Ideas, p. 139.
aggregate (ag're-giit), a. and n. [< L. aggrega- Creatures of inferior 4ype are little more than aggrega-
tus, \)\). see the verb.] I. a. Formed by the
: tions of nmnerous like parts.
conjunction or collection of particidars into a //. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 493.
whole mass or sum total combined as, the ; ; : 5. In hot., applied by Darwin specifically to
aggregate amount of indebtedness. the peculiar change induced in the cells of the
Societies formed by conquest may be composed of . . . tentacles of Drosera by mechanical or chemi-
two
and
societies, wliich are in a large measure . . . alien
in them there cannot arise a political force from the
cal stimulation
Theorem of aggregation, in the
theory of invariants, a theorem concerning tlie number of
aggregate will. H. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., 4ti9. linearly independent invariants of a given type.
Specifically (a) In geol., composed of several dift'ereut aggregative (ag're-ga-tiv), a. [< aggregate +
mineral constituents capable of being separated by me- -ive; =F. agregatif.] 1. Pertaining to aggre-
chanical means; as, granite is an aggregate rock, ^b) In
anat. clustered as, aggregate glands (Peyer's glands), (c)
, ;
gation ; taken together ; collective.
In bot., forming a dense cluster, (d) In zoul., compound ; Other things equal, the largest mass will, because of its
associated, (e) In law, composed of many individuals united superior aggregative force, become hotter than the others,
into one association. Aggregate animals, animals in and radiate more intensely.
which many individual organisni.s are united in acomnuin H. Sjyencer, L^niversal Progress, p. 293.
i. If 97.
*' houseliolil " or (tcium, as vari<.us polyps, acak-plis, etc.
See cuts under anthozooid and t'vralligcna. Aggregate 2. Tending to aggregate; gregarious; social.
combination, in (ecft., a combination which causes com- [Rare.]
pound motions in secondary pieces. The ellccts of ag-
gregate conil'iiiations are classified as aggrrinrte /mths His [Mirabeau's] sociality, his aggregative nature . . .
and (t!fgr''tifitr relocities (which see, below).- Aggregate
will now be the quality of qualities for him.
Carlyle, French Rev., I. iv. 4.
flower, one furntedof several florets closely g;itlicii(i u])on
a coiniiion rrcrptacle, but not coherent, as in Ciniiju'^ilir. aggregator (ag're-ga-tor), . One who collects
Aggregate fruit, a fruit formed when a clu.stcr of distinct into a whole or mass. Burton.
carpels licldii^iiig to a single flower are crowded uiion tin
connnon receptacle, becoming baccate or drujiaccous, and aggress (a-gres'), V. [< L. aggressus, pp. of ag-
sometimes more or less coherent, as in the blacklierry and grcdi, adgredi, attack, assail, approach, go to,
the fruit of the magnolia. Also sometimes used as synony- "<
+
gradi, walk, go, > gradiis, step : see
ad, to,
mous with undtif'/e or compound .fruit (which see, under
.fruit). .Sec rut iiu.icr /("'/"x. Aggregate glands. See
grade.] I. intrans. 1. To make an attack;
gland.
Aggregate path, in oicrh.. tiuit p:itti througli commit the first act of hostility or offense;
which a part of a machine is moved, which is the resultant begin a quarrel or controversy ; hence, to act
of the aggregate combination of the other parts which op- on the offensive.
erate it. Thus, in so-called parallel motion, a movement
of one part iu a riuht litie is efieeted by the combined and The moral law says Do not aggress
;
counteracting,' niincni.-nts of other parts moving in circu- H. Spencer, Social Statics, p. 298.
Aggregate velocity, the resultant velocity im-
parted l)y forces niovini,' with different or with varying 2. To encroach ; intrude; be or become intru-
velocities, as tlie vcloc itics imparted by systems of pulleys
tlu-ough trains of iicai iim, so-called difi"erential mo-
or liy
sive.
The plebeian Italian, inspired by the national vanity,
tions. Corporation aggregate, in law. See corpora- hears himself as proudly as the noble, without at all ag-
tion. gressing in his manner. Howells, Venetian Life, xxi
II. . 1. A
sum, mass, or assemblage of par- Wltile the individualities of citizens are less aggressed
ticulars ; a total or gross amount ; any com- upon by public agency, they are more protected by public
agency against aggression.
bined whole considered vpith reference to its
Addiso7i. constituent parts. An aggregate is essentially a sum,
//. Spencer, Pop. Sci. Mo., 12. XX
as, for example, a lieap of sand, whose part^ are loosely or
accidentally associated. When the relation between the
II. trans. To attack. Quarterly Rev. [Rare.]
part3 is more intimate
either chemical, as in a molecule aggresst
(a-gres' ), /(. \<.0. aggressefKlj. ag-
or a crystal, or organic, as in a living body, or for the reali- gressus, adgressus, an attack, < aggredi, adgredi
zation of a design, as in a house the sum ceases to be a
see aggress, v.] Aggression ; attack.
mere aggregate and becomes a compound, a combination, Military aggresses upon others.
an organism, etc. But in a general way anything con-
Sir M. Hale, Pleas of the Crown, xv.
sisting of distinguishable elements may be called an ag-
gregate of those elements as, man is an aggregate of ;
aggression (a-gresh'on), n. [< F. aggression,
structures and organs a mineral or volcanic aggregate
;
attack, now agression, < L. aggressio{n-), <.
(that is, a compound rock).
aggredi, adgredi: sea aggress, v.] 1. The act
Looking to the aggregate of all the interests of the com-
monwealth. D. Webster, Speech, Boston, June 5, 1828. of proceeding to hostilities or invasion; a
Aggregates of brilliant passages rather than harmonious breach of the peace or right of another or
= wholes. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 414. others; an assault, inroad, or encroachment;
 ;; :

aggression 112 agitate

hence, any offensive action or procednre as, an aggronpinent (a-grop'ment), . Arrangement gio and ease.] A
commercial term in use, princi-
aggression upon a country, or upon vested rights in a group, as in statuary or in a picture;
:

pally on the continent of Em'ope, to denote

or liberties. grouping. Also spelled agroiipmeitt. (n) The rate of exchange between the currencies
We have undertaken to resent a supreme insult, and aggry-beads (ag'ri-bedz),"/). jjI. [< aggnj, prob. of two comitries, as between those of Italy and
have had to bear new insults and aggressions, even to the of African origin, Jtofte.]+ Glass beads, sup- the United States. (6) The percentage of dif-
direct menace of our national capital. posed to be of ancient Egyptian manufacture, ference in the value of (1) two metallic curren-
0. W. Holmes, Old ToL of Life, p. 103.
occasionally found in the Ashantee and Fanti cies, or (2) a metallic and a paper currency of
2. The practice of making assaults or attacks countries. They are of exquisite colors and designs, and the same denomination, in the same country;
offensive action in general. ai-e much valued by the natives. Also spelled aggri-beads. henee, premium on the appreciated cmreney,
Only this policy of unceasing and untiring aggression, agha, n. See aga. and disagiit, or discount, on the depreciated one.
this wearing out and crushing out, this war upon all the aghanee (ag-ha'ne), n. [Anglo-Ind., also writ- Six years ago this kinsatsu (.Tapanese paper currency]
resources and all the armies of the rebellion, could now ten iighunee, repr. Hind, agliani, the produce stood at par and was even preferred by the natives to the
succeed. Badeau, ilil. Hist, of Grant, II. 10.
of the month Aghan, the eighth iu the Hindu gold and silver Ciurency ; now, from 40% to 45% agio is
= Syn. Attack, invasion, assault, encroachment, injury, year, answering to the last half of November paid. Rein, Japan, p. 382.
offense.
[< aggression and the first half of December.] The name (c) An allowance made in some places for the
aggressionist (a-gresh'on-ist), n.
wear and tear of coins, as in Amsterdam, Ham-
+ -(.>?.] One who commits or favors aggres- given to the chief rice-crop in Hindustan, it is
the second of the three crops, being sown along with the burg, etc.
sion.
AaQressiortistsvioviMraMch more truly describe the anti-
bhadoee crop in April and May, and reaped in November a giorno (ii jor'no). [It.,
and December. Called amun in lower Bengal.
F. a jour.] In deco- =
freetraders than the euphemistic title "protectionists";
rative art, same as a jour.
aghast (a-gasf), p. or a. [The spelling with h agiotage (aj'i- or a'ji-o-taj), n. [F., < agioter,
since, that one producer may gain, ten consumers are
B. Spencer, Pop. Sci. Mo., XXV. 156. is unnecessary and wrong; < ME. agast, rarely
fleeced. job or dabble in stocks, < agio, price, rate of
in the fidler form agasted, pp. of the com-
aggressive (a-gres'iv), a. [< aggress -ive;
mon + =
verb agasten, rarely agesten, pret. agastf,
exchange, discount: see agio.] Speciilation in
F. agretsif.'\ Characterized by aggression; stocks, etc.; stock-jobbing.
+ [Not used in the
terrify, < a- (<_AS. a-) gasten (pret. gaste, pp.
tending to aggress prone to begin a quarrel United States.]
;
gast),'< AS. gastan, terrify: see o-l, gast, ghast,
making the first attack ; offensive, as opposed and ghastli/, and cf. aga:cd.'\ Struck with hydrogen Vanity and agiotage are, to a Parisian, the oxygen and
to defensive: as, the minister pursued an ag- of life. Landor, Imaginary Conversations, xlvii.
amazement ; filled with sudden fright or hor-
gressive foreign policy.
ror. See agast, v. t. agist (a-jisf), V. t. [< OF. agister (> ML. agis-
That which would be \iolent if aggressive, might be justi-
Aghast he waked, and starting from his bed.
tare, adgistare), < a- (L. ad, to) gister,\s- +
fied if defensive. PhiUimore's Reports, II. 135. sign a lodging, < giste, a bed, place to be on see
Cold sweat in clammy drops his limbs o'erspread. :

I do not think there is ever shown, among Italians, Dryden, -Eneid. gist, gise~, gitc'^.] 1 . To feed or pasture, as the
either the aggressive pride or the abject meanness which
Stupefied and aghast, I had myself no power to move cattle or horses of others, for a compensation
marks the intercourse of people and nobles elsewhere in
Europe. Howells, Venetian Life, x.\i. from the upright position I had assiuued upon first hearing used originally of the feeding of cattle in the
= Syn. Aggressive, Offensive. Offensive is the direct op- the shriek.
Pue, Tales, I. 372. king's forests. 2. To rate or charge ; impose
= Syn. Horrified, dismayed, confounded, astounded, dum- as a burden, as on land for some specific pur-

posite to defensive. Offensive warfare is that in which one I
quick give battle, as opportunity offers or can be founded, thunderstruck.
is to' pose. I
made, and presses upon the enemy. Aggressive warfare agiblet (aj'i-bl), a. [< ML. agibilis, that can be agistage (a-jis'taj), n. [< agist -age.] In + '
is only secondarily of tliis sort primarily it is a warfare
done,
;
< L. agere, do: see agent, act.} Capable law : (a) The taking and feeding of other men's
prompted by the spirit of encroachment. t!ie desire of
conquest, plimder, etc. A war tliat is thus aggresfive is of being done ; practicable. cattle in the king's forests, or on one's own
naturally offensive at first, but may lose that character by When they were fit for agible things. land. (6) The contract to do so for hh-e. (c)
the vigor of the resistance made; it tlien ceases to be Sir A. Shirley, Travels, Persia, i.
thought of as aggressive. Hence aggressive has come to be
The price paid for such feeding. ((/) Generally,
often synonymous with offensive. agila-wood (ag'i-la-wud), n. [See eaglewood.l any burden, charge, or tax. Also called gait
The steady pushing back of the boundary of rebellion, Same as agaltoehum. and agistment.
in spite of resistance at many points, or even of such ag- agile (aj'il), a. [Early mod. E. agil, agill, < F. agistatort, [ML., < agistare, pp. agistatus:
gressive inroads as that which our annies are now meeting agile, < L. agilis, < agere, do, move: see agent, see agist.] Same as agistor.
with their long lines of bayonets. act.'] Kimble ; having the faculty of quick mo- agister, n. See agistor.
O. W. Holmes, Old Vol. of Life, p. 101.
tion ; apt or ready to move ; brisk ; active : said agistment (a-jist'ment), . [< OF. agistement
The peremptory conversion of Lee's clever offensive into
a purely defensive attitude, ... in marked contrast with of the mind as well as of the body. (> ML. agistanientum) see agist and -ment.] 1. :

the tactics of his rival. Shirley was siu-e-footed and agile ; she could spring like Same as agistage.
Badeau, MU. Hist, of Grant, II. 130. a deer w'hen she chose. Charlotte Bronte, Shirley, xix. Henry de Lacy, earl of Lincoln, who had the agist- . . .

aggressively (a-gres'iv-li), adv. In an aggres- The subtle, agile Greek, unprincipled, full of change and mcntti and summer and winter herbage of Pendle.
sivi- or offpTisive manner. levity. De Quincey, Secret Societies, ii. Baines, Hist. Lancashire, II. 25.

aggressiveness (a-gres'iv-nes), n. The qual- = Sjm. Nimble, Agile (see nimble), quick, lively, alert, sup- No sooner had that [the Irish] Parliament, by its reso-
ple, siJiy. lutions concerning the tithe of agistment, touched the
ity of being aggressive; the disposition to en-
agilely (aj'il-i), adv. In an agile or nimble interests of his order, than he [Swift] did everything in
croach upon or attack others. his power to discredit it. Leeky, Eng. in 18th Cent., vli.
luanucr ; with agility.
aggressor (a-gres'or), H. [L., also adgressor, < 2. dike or embankment to prevent the over- A
aggri:ssn.i, pp. of aggredi, atlgrcdi : see aggress, agileness (aj'il-nes), n. The state or quality of
flow of a stream or encroachments of the sea.
r.] The person who first attacks ; one who be- being agile ; nimbleness; activity; agility. K. 77. Knight.
gins hostilities or makes encroachment ; an as- Agilia
(a-jil'i-a), n. pi. [NL., neut. pi. of L.
agilis, agile: see agile.] In Illigcr's elassilica- agistor, agister (a-jis'tor, -t{>r), n. [< ME. rt;7i,s--
sailant or invader. tir, < Al''. agistour, < OF. agister, v.: see agist.]
tion of mammals, a family of rodents notable
There is nothing more easy than to break a treaty rati- An officer of the royal forests of England, hav-
fied in all the usual forms, and yet neither party be the for their agility. It contains the squirrels and
a'j'jretsor. Goldsmith, Citizen of the World, xvii. dorraieo. [Not in use.] ing the care of cattle agisted, and of collecting
the money for the same; one who receives
aggrievancet (a-gre'vans), . [< ME. aggre- agility (a-jil'i-ti), . [< F. agilite, < L. agili- and pastures cattle, etc., for hire,
vaunrr, -auiis, < OF. agrevance, < agrcver; see ta{t-)s, < agilis, ngile: see agile.] 1. The state
agitablet (aj'i-ta-bl), o. [< F. agitable, < L. agi-
aggrieve and ance.'i Oppression; hardship; or quality of being agile ; the power of mov- l(diilis,
ing <iuickly ; nimbleness ; briskness ; activity, < agitare: see agitate.] 1. Capable of
injtuy; grievance.
Deliver those aggrievances, which lately either of body or of mind. being agitated or shaken. 2. That may bo
debated or discussed.
Vour iin[fOrtunity posscst our council A limb overstrained by lifting a weight above its power,
Wert-' lit for audience. may never recover its ffjrmer agility and vigour. M'atts. agitate (aj'i-tiit), v. ; pret. and pp. agitated, ppr.
Fletcher {and another). Fair Maid of the Inn, lii. 1.
The fonniion Donnouse handles its hazel- or beech- agitating. [< L. agitatiis, pp. of agitare, drive,
. . .

aggrieve (a-grev'), v. ; prot. and ]>]>. aggrieved, nuts with all the air of a squirrel, and displays no less rt//i7tti/ move, arouse, excite, agitate, free], of agere,
in skipping about the shrubbery and tangle it inhabits and drive, move, do: see agent and (ii'<. ] I, trans.
\t\iT. aggrieving. [< HE. agreven, < OF. ugrever,
forages in. Stand. A'al. Hist., V. IIB.
agncver, later restored agravcr, aggrurer, to If. To move or actuate; maintain the action of.
aggravate, exasperate, Hj). agravar =
Pg. ag- 2t. Powerful action ;
= active force. Where dwells this sov'relgn arbitrary soul,
nravar =
It. aggravarc, < L. aggravarc, make No wonder there be fotind men and wonien of strange Which docs the human animal controul.
and niouHtroUH shapes considering the agility ul the hum s Inform each part, and agitate the whole I

heavy, make worse, aggravate: see aggravate. tlery heat. Holland. Sir R. Blackmore.
C(. aggrcdge and grieve.^ I. trans. If. To give
= Syn. 1. '<ce a[rile. 2. To move to and fro ; impart regular motion
pain or sorrow to; afflict; grieve.
aging (a'jing),. [Verbal n. of aj/c, v.] 1. Any to.
Which yet aggrieves my heart. .Spenser.
jirocesB for imparting the charaeteristics and The ladies sigh, and agitate their fans with tllamond-
2. To bear hard upon ; oppress or injure in properties of ago: as, the aging ot wines iind Kjiiirkllug hands.
"' ' '' vix or harass, as by injustice: Ii(|iiorM liy heat and agitation.
; 2. In rulicn-
J. K. Cooke, Virginia Comedians, I. xlvlll.
' >r only in the passive. jiniiting and
di/ting, tlm |iroci'HS of fixing tlio 3. To move or force into violent irregular ac-
< 111;/ soon found that they had
hnntlle, Nolublc inoriliuit or dye by ex]i<)Hing tho clolli tion; shako or move briskly ; excite physically:
iriufn enemies. Both were alike in well-voiililated chambers (o air which is ki-pt as, the wind agitates tho sea; to agitate water
:> "f a bad king. Macaulai/. warm and nioist, for a lime sufllcient to allow ill a vessel.
So the biirgnlh sI/mmI ; llie monlant ordyi' laid iijion Ihe surfai'e of llic Tall pnM'l]iltatlng flasks In which the materials were
Thejr broke It, and he tilt IiIiiikiK n,i<iriri-cj.
elotli 111 pcinc^trale the filiiTS ami b iini> lirmly llrat agilaliil with the respective liquids anil were then
DrowiniKi, ItliiK mid llo<jk, II. 27.
allowed to stand at rest under various conditions lui to
n.t
allaclicd to tlicm. Any HupcTllnoiiH portions,
'
mourn ; lament. orlhosc' which mavreiiinin soluliN', arr roinoved
light, temperature, etc.
Amer. Jour. Set., Sd or., XXIX. ".
>i, 1
I> it Kuch A wretch should reign.
""''"'''"""
Uir./ur Mttg., ''"^-
p. 442.

by dunging. 3. In eiriim., the Hloragc of pr(
4. To disturb, or excite into tumult; perturb.
piired clay, to allow it time to fennent and ripen
aggronpt (a-tcTl.j, ), r. t. [< V. agrnui,tr (= 8p. i.fr,. using. A'. //. Knight. The .lay Is kept wet, The mind of man Is agitated by various passions.
.fohnsiui.
X- '"' inipiiiirr and agi/riipnare), inlied and liinpered
nii<l l often inlled
nncl lirnpe'red and the procCM
proccM noMle-
;
Home-
"!' ofi granii, v.\ To tiini'H liiHtH for many yeat-N. 6. To
discuss; dobate call attention to by
;

briliK AIho Hpelled ttifring. speech or writing as, to agitate tho (juostiou
:

Ikxil.
(or piiiii-
agrlo (iij'i-o or li'j'i-o), . r< Fr. agio, < It. agiti, of free trade.
blne<l> iiNiiully in thiR HKiiKo Hpellcil aggin, exchange,
I
slKhl. Though this controversy bu rovlvcd and hotly agitatrA
/ >r;;./. i Iluir iioy, p. 107. premium, the same word as (/>/io, ease: see ada- among the modcrna. Boflls, Coloum.
 ! ;; : ;

agitate 113 agnail

6. To consider on all sides; revolve in the agitatorial (a,i"i-ta-t6'ri-al), a. Of or pertain- 2t. [Used as a singular.] A genus of pyralid
mind, or view in all its aspects plan. ;
in;^ to ;in agitator. moths, containing such species as A. pinguinalis
When politicians most mjitatt' ilesperate ilesisns. Aglaophenia { ag " la - 6 - fe ' ni - ii), . [NL. (La- and .1. caprrolatus.
Eikon BasilUce. marck, islli), appar. an error for "aglairplwma, < aglossal (a-glos'al), a. [< Gr. ayXuamc, tongue-
= Syn. 3 aiul 4. To rouse, stir up, ruffle, discompose.
5 Gr. 'A}'?.aoip>//u/, one of the sirens, fem. of ayAao- less, -I- -at.] Tongueless; pertaining to the
anil 6. To canvass, delilierate upiin.
'P///Jor, of splendid fame, < ay'Aao^, splendid, bril- Ji/lossii.
II. iutmiis. To engage in agitation; arouse +
L. J'ama, fame.] =
notable ge- A
liant, ip)//i;/ aglossate (a-glos'at), a. and it. [< NL. aglos-
or attempt to arousf public interest, as in nus of calyptoblastic hydroids, of the family .latus: see ./r/tossa and -afcl.] I. a. Haring no
some political or social question: as, ho set out L'liimHlariidd'.. A. sIrjithioimUs is an elegant species tongue ; aglossal.
to agitate in the country. of (III I'arilii' ciiast Ml" .North America, known, from its fig-
II, . An aglossal batrachian a member of ;
Tlic TViries affilaled in tlie early Hanoverian period for ure and ueiu-ral appearance, as the ostrich-plume. (Hhers
the suliorder Aglossa.
short jiarliaments and for the restriction of tile corrupt occur on tile .Vtlantic coiist. See Aglossa, 1.
iiilluence of tile Crown. Lecky, Eng. in ISth Cent., i. aglare (a-glar'), /jre;j. pAr. as adv. or a. [<! aglossostoma (ag-lo-sos'to-ma), n. pi. aglos- ;

.sosloniata (ag"lo-s6-st6 'ma-tji).

agitated (a,i'i-ta-ted),j).. Disturbed; excited; glare^.] +
In a glare ; glaring. [NL., < Gr.
expressing agitation as, in an agitated man-
: The toss of unshorn hair.
ay/iwaaof, without a tongue, ard/m, mouth.] +
And wringing of hands, and eyes aglare. In teratol., a monster having a mouth without
ner; "an agitated countenance," Thackeray.
Winttier, The Preacher. a tongue.
She burst out at last in an agitated, almost violent, tone.
George Eliot, Mill on the Floss, iii. 2. Aglaura [NL., < Gr. "Ay'Aavpo^, a aglow (a-gl6'), prep. phr. as adv. or a. [< a3
(ag-Ia'ra), n.
mythol. name.] 1.
agitatedly (aj'i-ta-ted-li), adv. In an agitated droids, or 'Traehymedusm, of the family Tracluj-
genus of craspedote hy- A 4- glow.] In a glow; glowing: as, her cheeks
were all aglow.
luaiirier.
nemidcc. P<!ron and Lesiieur, ISOQ. 2. genus A The ascetic soul of the Puritan, agU)W with the gloomy
agitating (aj'i-ta-ting), j). a. Disturbing; ex- of worms. 3.
citing; moving.

genus of lepidopterous in- A or rapturous mysteries of his theology.
Stednmn, Vict. Poets, p. 12.
sects. Boisduval, 1851.
agitation (aj-i-ta'shon), n. [< L. agitatio{n-), Aglaurinae (ag-la-ri'ne), n. pi. [NL.,< Aglaura, A jiainted window all aglow with the figures of tradition
iagitare: see agitate.'] The act of agitating, + and jtoetry. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 251.
1, -/'.]
or the state of being agitated, (a) The state of be- by the genus Aglaura, having 8 radial canals
A
group of Trachij medusa;, typitied
aglutition (ag-lo-tish'on), n. [< Gr. d- priv. -1-
ing shaken or moved with violence, or with irregular ac- L. *glutitio{n-), < glutire, pp. glutitus, swallow.]
tion commotion as, the sea after a storm is in agitation.
; :
and a pedicle to the stomach.
[Prob. a corruption of hag- In pathol., inability to swallow.
The molecules of all bodies are in a state of continual ag-leaf (ag'lef), .
agitation. J. N. Lockyer, Spect. Anal., p. 114. leaf, as watches were believed to use the plant Aglycyderes (ag-li-sid'e-rez), n. [NL., < Gr.
(6) Disturbance of the mind ;perturbation excitement of
;
in their incantations see hag^.] name of : A a- priv. +
y'AvKl'i;, sweet,'-!- dtpr/, Attic form of

passion. the common mullen, Verhascum Tha^^sus. neck. The first two elements, meaning
iet/ii/,

Ar/itations of the public mind so deep and so long con- agleam (a-glem'), prep. phr. as adr. or a. [<
lit. not sweet,' are taken in the forced sense
'

tinued as those which we have witnessed do not end in a'i gleam.] +

Gleaming; in a gleaming state. of 'uncomely' or 'imusual.'] notable genus A
nothing. Macaulay, Pari. Reform. of beetles, of the family Bruchidtc, character-
Faces agleam with pale intellectual light.
. . .

Away walked Catherine in great agitation, as fast as Lowell, Study Windows, p. 380. ized by the fact that the head of the male is an-
the crowd would permit her. teriorly produced on each side into a horn-like
Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, xiii. aglee, agley (a-gle'), prep. phr. as adv. [< a-3
-I- Sc. (//(//, gleg, squint, oblique look: see glei/.] process, and posteriorly contracted into a nar-
(c) Examination of a subject in controversy deliberation
discussion debate.;
;

Off the right line ; obliquely; wrong. [Scotch.] row neck, whence tlie name. Westwood, 1863.
We owe it to the timid and the doubting to keep the The best laid schemes o' mice an' men aglyphodont (a-glif 'o-dont), a. and n. [<
great questions of the time in unceasing and untiring atji- Gang aft a-gley. Burns, To a Mouse. Agljiplioiloiitia.] I. a. In herpet., having the
tation. O. W. Holmes, Old Vol. of Life, p. 80. aglet, aiglet (ag'let, ag'let), n. [Early mod. characteristics of the Aglyphodontia; without
(d) The act of arousing public attention to a political or E. also agglct, < ME. aglet, aglettc, < OP. aguil- grooved teeth and poison-glands.
social question by speeches, etc. = Syn. (b) Agitation, Trepi- lette, aigliillette, P. aiguillette, a point, dim. of II. i>. A
serpent of this character; one of
dation, Trenwr, Emotion, excitement, flutter. Tremor is, the .lgli/plio<lotitia (which see).
it may be in a part of
aiguille, < ML. acucida, dim. of L. acus, a needle
in its literal use, wholly physical ;

the body or the whole; it is generally less violent than
trepidation. Trepidation and agitation are more often used
of the mind than of the body. But all three words may ex- bons generally used in the sixteenth and seven-
press states either of the body or the mind, or of both at
once through reflex influence. Trejndation. is generally
the result of fear; it is the excited anticipation of speedy
disaster, penalty, etc. .igifatiou may be retrospective and
occasioned by that which is jileasant it includes the mean-
;
ing of trepidation and a part "i that of enitttiun. Emotion of the precious metals, carved into snijill fi^^oires, and sus-
is used only of the mind ; it is the l^i-oadest and highest of
these words, covering all movements of feeling, whether
of pleasure or pain, from agitation to the pleasure that the
mind may take in abstract truth.
What lengths of far-famed ages, billowed liigh
With hunian agitation, roll along
In unsubstantial images of air
.
Young, Night Thoughts.
I can recall vividly the trepidation which I carried to
that meeting. D. G. Miteliell, Bound Together, i.
I had a worrying ache and inward tremor underlying all
the outward play of the senses and mind.
O. W. Holmes, Old Vol. of Life.
see (.] 1. A
tag or metal sheathing of the Aglyphbdonta (a-glif-o-don'ta), H. pi. [NTi.]
end of a lace, or of the points (see point) or rib- Same as Aglyphodontia.
Aglsrphodo'ntia (a-glif-o-don'shia), n. pi. [<
Gr. dy1v<jio<:, micarved (< a- priv. 4- y7.vqieiv, carve,
teenth centuiies to fasten or tie dresses. They
were originally intended simply to facilitate the passing cut out), + drfoi'f {oSovT-) = E. tooth.] A group
of the ends through the eyelet-holes, as in modern shoe- or series of innocuous serpents (Ophidia),
laces and stay-laces, but were afterwaiil friquently formed
embracing ordinary eolubrine or colubriform
snakes, without poison-glands, with a dilatable
pended from the ribbon, etc., as ornamenta (whence Shak-
spere's phrase "an aglet-baby," which see); and they are mouth, and with solid hooked teeth in both
still so used in the form tpf tiigg^d points or braid hanging jaws. The name is derived from the last character
from the shoulder in some military uniforms, now officially for the venomous serpents of the series Proteroglypha or
styled aiguillettes. Also written aigxilet.
Solenoglypha have poison-fangs channeled or grooved for
And on his head an hood with the transmission of the venom. The Aglyphodontia in-
aglets sprad.
Spenser, F, (J., VI. ii. 6. clude numerous families and genera, of most parts of the
His gown, addressed with aglets, esteemed worth 2bl. world, Colubridte and Bo\d<f being among the best known
Sir J. Hayward, Life of Edw. VI. of the families. Synonymous with Colubrina. See cuts
under Coliihrr and Boa.
2t. In 6o;., a pendent anther; also, a loose pen- agmatology (a^-nia-tol'o-ji), . [< Gr. ay/j.a(T-),
dent catkin, as of the birch. a fragment (< ayiivai, break), -loyla, < Xcysiv, +
aglet-babyt (ag'let-ba"bi), n. A
small image speak see -ology.] That department of sur-:

on the end of a lace. See aglet. gery which is concerned with fractures.
Mellow, melancholy, yet not mournful, the tone seemed Marry him to a puppet, or an aglet-baby.
to gush up out of the deep well of Hepzibah's heart, all
Shak., T. of the S., i. 2. agmen
(ag'men), . pi. agniina (-mi-na). [L., ;

steeped in its profoundest emotion. a train, troops in motion, army, multitude, <
Hawthorne, Seven Gables, vi. agley, prep. i)hr. as adv. See aglee. agere, drive, move, do: see agent.] In cool.,
agitational (aj-i-ta'shon-al), a. Relating or aglimmer (a-glim'er), prep. phr. as adv. or a.
a superordinal group; a division of animals
pertaining to agitation. [< 3 -I- glimmer.] In or into a glimmering
ranking between a class and an order. Sunde-
state glimmering.
agitative (aj'i-ta-tiv), a. [< agitate + -ive.'] ;
vull.
Having a tendency to agitate. aglistt (a-glisf), prep. phr. as adv. or a. [< a^
Sundevall would still make two grand divisions (Agmina)
Glistening: as, a<7fet with dew.
agitato (ii-je-tii'to), a. [It., pp. of agitare, < L. -r (///, q. v.] of birds. A. Newton, Encyc. Brit., XVIII. 37.
agitare: see agitate.} Agitated; restless: a aglobulia (ag-lo-bu'li-a), n. [NL., < Gr. a-
priv. + L. globulus, globule.] Same as oligo-
agminalt (ag'mi-nal), a. [< L. agminalis. < fl^?-
word used in m itsic, generally in combination (fH (o(;w(H-), a train: see opmeH.] If. Pertain-
with allegro or presto, to describe the charac- ci/tliemia.
aglobulism(a-glob'u-lizm),m. [< Gr. a- priv.+
ing to an army or a troop. Bailey. 2. In zoiil.,
ter of a movement as broken, hurried, or rest- of or pertaining to an agmen.
less in style. globule + -ism.] hi j>athol.: (a) Diminution of
agminate (ag'mi-nat), o. [< NL. agminatus, <
agitator (aj'i-ta-tor), n. pL., < agitare : see agi- the amoimt of hemoglobin in the blood. (6) L. agmen (agmin-), a multitude: see agmen.]
tate.] 1. One who or that which agitates. Spe-
Oligocythemia. Aggregated or clustered together: in anat.,
citteally (a) One who engages in some kind of political Aglossa (a-glos'a), M. pi. [NL., < Gr. a) Auaaof,
said of the lymphatic glands forming patches
agitation one who stirs up or excites others, with the view
; tongueless, < d- priv. + yXHaGa, tongue.] 1. A
of strengthening his own cause or party. in the small intestines (Pej-er's patches), as
series of anu-
[Robin of Redesdale] collected forces and liegan to
distinguished from the solitary glands or fol-
rous or salient
traverse the country as an agitator in the summer of 14(59 licles: as, " agminate glstuAs," H. Irray, Anat.
batraehians
possibly at the suggestion, certainly with the connivance,
which have no agminated (ag'mi-na-ted), a. [< agminate +
of Warwick. StiMn, Const. Hist., 681. -ed'-^.] Same as agminate.
A machine for agitating and mixing specifically, a tongue, (at) In
(6) ;
some systems com- agnail (ag'nal), n. [Early mod. E. agnail, ag-
machine for stirring pulverized ore in water. nate, agnel, agnell, agnaijle, angnale, angnayle,
prehending the
2. A
name given to certain ofiBcers appointed genera Pipa, Dac- mod. dial, angnail, < ME. agnayle, *angnail, <
by the army of the English Commonwealth in tglefhtut, and Myo-
AS. aitgna-gl, occurring twice (Leechdoms, II.
1647-9 to manage their concerns. There were batni'-lnis, and di-
vidfii into Aglossa p. 80, and index, p. 8),and usually explained by
two from each regiment.
haptosipftonia for paronychia, i. e., a whitlow, but prop., it seems,
They proceeded from those elective tribunes called agi- the first two of a corn, wart, or excrescence (cf. angset, angseta,
tators, who had been established in every regiment to
these genera, and ongseta, a wart, boil, carbuncle), (= OPries. ong-
superintend the interests of the army. Aglossa
diplosi-
Surinam Toad iPi'fia surmamgnsts).
Haltam, Const. Hist., II. 210. nii, ogneil, a missha]>en finger-nail or an ex-
photu'a for the
(It has been supposed that in this sen.se the proper spelling
of the word is adjutator, meaning not (jne who agitates, but
one who assists. But Dr. J. A. H. Murray says " Care-
third genus
Phfiiiero'ilossa.
in this
: sense the term is contrasted ^vith
(b) Restricted to Pipa and Xenopus (or
crescence following tlie loss of a finger-nail,
OHG. ungnagel, G. dial, annegelen, einnegeln =
: and divided into the families Pipidtv and
Dnrtul'_'ftn-ri), Grimm), < (?) ange, ange, enge, narrow, tight,
ful investigation satisfies me that Agitator was the actual Xenopodidir, which agree in having opisthocoelian verte-
title, and -idjtitator originally only a bad spelling of sol-
bra3, expansive sacral processes, discrete epicoracoids,
painful (see anger'^, anguish : for the sense here,
diers familiar with Adjutants and the Adjutors of 1642."1 and, in the larval state, one pair of spiracles. cf. LG. noodnagel, a hangnail, nood, distress,
8
 , ;

agnail 114 agnus

trouble, pain),+ nwfil, a uail, i. e., a peg (cf. L. of atmation. or kinship through males only, such as now agnomical (ag-u6'mi-kal), (1. [<Gr. u- priv. +
survives in the Pinijab. yvuu>i, thought, pm'pose see gnome, gnomic.']
daius, a nail, peg, also a wart), in eomp. tcer- Maiiw, Early Law and Custom, p. 118.
:

meijl, E. iraniel, q. v., a wart, lit.

' man-nail.' Of or pertaining to the absence of set purpose
afterward 2. Alliance or relationship generally ; descent or intention. X. E. />.
The second element was ret'en-ed to
fiom a common sovu'ce. [Bare.]
a finger- or toe-nail, and the term applied to a agnomina, . Plmal of r/o!Hff.
A-jnafion may be toun<l amongst all the languages in agnominai lag-nom'i-ual), a. [< agnomen {ag-
whitlow (end of Ititli centmy), and to a 'hang-
the Northern Hemisphere.
haiujiiail, like the equiv. Hiiniiii-) + -III.] Of or pertaining to an agnomen.
nail' (Bailev, 1737), Pownall. Study of .\ntiqnities, p. 108.
Sc. antjer-ii'ail. being due to a popular ety- agnel^t (ag'uel), n. Obsolete form of agnail. agnominatet (ag-nom'i-nat), c. t. [< L. 'ag-
^
"-'orn on the toe or foot. nominai IIS, pp. of 'agnuminare, implied in ag-
molo<^-.] It- agnel2 (ag'uel; F. pron. a-nyel'), n. [< OF.
A'jnaijle uiion oues too, cumt. Paljraix. nomiiuitio: see agnomination.} To name.
(ignel (F. tujneaii). a lamb, an agnel, < L. agiiel-
Cvrrit, an agnaile, or little corn, upon a toe. Colgratx.
lu)<. dim. of agiiiis, a The [lowing ciu'rent's silver streams . . .

shall be a-iiwminatfit by our name. Locnnc,

Pimoli, agneU, corns, pushes, felons or swellings in the
ill. 2.

Florio. lamb: see iiijniis.}

flesh.
A French gold coin agnomination (ag-uom-i-na'shon), h. [< L.
Passing good for to be applyeil to the aymls or corns of agiuiiiiiinitiii{ii-), adnominaliii(n-), paronomasia,
Holland, Pliny, xx. 3. (.V. . D.) beai'ing a figiu'c of
the feet.
the jmschal lamb,
< ^itgilominai'e, < (id, to, + ^giiiniiiiiare, iitimiiiitre,
2t. A painful
swelling or sore under or about
firstissued l>y Louis
name.] 1. An additional name or title; a name
the toe- or tinger-nails; a whitlow. added to another, as expressive of some act,
Good to lie layde unto ulcered nayles or agaatjle), IX., and not struck
. . .
achievement, etc. a surname. 2. Resem- ;
whiche a payueiull swelling aboute the ioyntes and
is after Charles IX. Its
nayles. Lyte, Dodoens (1578), p. 2JS. (.Y. . D.) original weight w-as from
blance in soimd between one word and another,
Amiait, a sore at the root of the nail on the fingers or 62.5 to 04.04 grains, but especially by alliteration also, the practice of ;

toes". Baile;, (1721). after the reign of .Tohn II. using in close proximity to one another words
it gradually fell to about
3. A hangnail; a small piece of partly sepa- which resemble each other in sound (see an-
38.7 grains.
rated skin at the root of a nail or beside it. nomiiiiiliiiii): as, "Scott of Scotstarvet's Stag-
agni, . Pliu'alofm/-
agname (ag'nam), . [< aij- + name, after L. // IIS. gering State of Scots Statesmen."
<iiiii<inicu.'\ An appellation over and above the agnitiont (ag-uish'- Our bards hold rt//;(on'H(i/i(oi.s- and enforcing of con-
. . .

orLliiiary name and surname.

E. I). X on), H. [< L. agni-
son.ant words or syllables one ui>on the other to be the
greatest elegance. ... So have I seen divers old rhymes
agnamed (ag'namd), a. [< agname + -ed^.'] iio{n-), < agnitii.i, pp. in Italian running so : . . . "In selva salvo a me; Pin
Styled or called apart from Christian name and otagnosccre, alsof/- earo eilore." Ilou'ell, Letters, i. 40.
surname. -V. K* I). gnoscere, adnofCrn agnostic (ag-nos'tik), n. and a. [< Gr. aynuaroc,
agnate (ag'uat), . and a. [Eai-ly mod. E. aij- iaiow as having seen unknowing, unknown, unknowable, < li- priv.,
iKit, agnct, < F'. agnat, < L. agnatus, adgiiatus, before, recognize, not, + nj(77d(-, later form of -)vu7ik, known, to
;
athiiitii.i, i)rop. pp. of agnasci, adgiiasci, be born acknowledge, < ad, be known (cf. -}vi,ii7riKui-, good at knowing),
to, belong by birth, < ad, to, *gnasci, na.sei, + to, + 'gnoscere, 'os- verbal adj. of )i-}vu-(7k-iv, know, =L. "gno-se-
be born. Cf. adiiate and cognate.) I. n. Spe- ocre.know: see know. ere, uo-,ic-ere = Y,. know: see o-l8 and gnostic.
cifically, a kinsman whose connection is trace- Ae- was " suggested by Prof.
Cf. agiioiiini.l The word agnostic
alile exclusively through males; more gener- kuowledgmcnt. Huxley . .
."
iu LSGi). ... He took it from St.
ally, any male relation by the father's side. agnize (ag-niz'), v. t. Panl'sinention of the altar to 'the Unknown
See ugnati. [< L. agnoscere, in Reverse. God' [iljrijoT^ Oc^, Acts xvii. 23]. E. H. Hut-
WTio are the Affnatet ! In the first place, they are all the A^el of John II,, Kmij of France.
imitation of cognise, ton, in letter, 1881." N. E. D.].I. n. One
. .
Cognates who trace their connexion exclusively tiirough (Size of the original.]
males. .\ table of Cogiuites is, of course, formed by taking
ult. (through F.) < of a class of thinkers who disclaim any know-
each lineal ancestor in turn and including all his descen. Jj. cognosccre : seeagnition.'l To acknowledge ledge of God or of the ultimate natm'e of things.
dants of both sexes in tlie tabular view if then, in tracing ;
own; recognize. [Bate.] They hold that human knowledge is limited to experience,
the various branches of such a genealogical table or tree, I do a finite and'that since the absolute and unconditioned, if it exists
we stoji whenever we come to the name of a female and .\ natural and lu'ompt alacrity at all, cannot fall within experience, we have no right to
pursue that ji.'irticular branch or ramification no fm-ther, I And in hardness. .sViiifr., Othello, i. 3. assert anything whatever with regard to it.
all who remain after the descentiants of women have been
Doubtless you have already set me down in your mind 1 only said I invented the word a;/iioKtic.
exfhided are A'tiial^-n, atitl their connexion together is
Mahf, Ancient Law, p. 148. as . a votary of tlie desk
.
a notched and erupt scriven- Uiixh'ti, London Academy, Nov. 24, 1883.
Agnatic Relationship.

.

er one that sucks his sustemmce, .as certain sick i>eople While the ohl .\theist sheltered his vice behind a ram-
n. Belated or akin on the father's side.
a. 1. are said to do, through a quill. "Well, I do nrmize some- ]iart of unbelief where no appeals eould reach him, the
2. Allied in kin<l; from a eommou source: Lamb, Elia, I. ii. 11.
new AijnoMic lionestly maintains that his opinions are the
thing of the sort.
as, '^agnate words," Pownall, Study of Antiqui- agnoea (ag-ue'it), . [NL., < 6r. a.)voia, want very best foundations of virtue.
F. I'. Ciihhc, Peak in Darien, p. ;i.
ties, p. 168. [Kare.] of jierception, ignorance, < *u)too', not know-
Agnatha (ag'na-lhii), n. i>l. [NL., neut. pi. of ing, < (i- priv. + '')v6og, roof, contr. vof'f, per- II. ". Pertaining to the agnostics or tlieir
iiilinilhu.i, jawless: see agnath(>wi.'\ A section ception, mind, akin to E. knoie : see nous and doctrines; exjiressing ignorance or nuknow-
nf v'ioj)hilous gastropods destitute of jaws. Inow.'] In jiathiil., the state of a patient who ableness.
That bohl thinker in the third century, Oleuu'iit of
Agnatni (ag'na-thi), II. pL [NL., luasc. pi. of does not recognize persons or things. declares that the process of thcologl^ is,
aiindthu.'s, jawless: >n-oagiiaflious.'] A group or Agnoet3ev(ag-no-e'te), n. pi. [ML.; also im- .-\lexandria. witli regard t< its doctrine of tJod, negative and ainmslic,
. . .

series of neuroptcrous insects, held by some as ))rop. .Ignoitir; < (ir. '.Ajtoz/to/, heretics so named, always "setting forth what (lod is not, rather than what
a suborder of the order Xeuiopteia : so called < iq-Doai; he ignorant, < "I'lyvooc, not knowing: he is." Po/i. Sci. .Wo., .\.\V. 7S.

tH-cause the jaws are rudimentary or obsolete. see agnaa.] 1. A Christian sect of tlie fourth agnostically (ag-nos'1i-kal-i). adr. In an ag-
The wingH are naked and not folded in repose, the posterior century, which denied the omniscience of the iiosl ic nKinner; fi'om an agnostic point of view;
pair small, s-inietimes wanting the antennie are short, that Cod knows willi a tendency or inclination to agnosticism;
Betaceoiis. and x.j<iinted and the abdomen ends in tw(j or
;
Supreme;
Being, maintaining
tliree long, delicate stiUe. The group includes the well- the past only by nieiiiory. and llie future only as an agntfstic.
known May-fiies, and is practically identical with the by inference from the present. 2. A sect agnosticism (ag-nos'ti-sizm), n. [<.agniistic +
f.ooily Hfih'-iiifridee. of the sixth century, followers of Themistiiis, -ism.] 1. The doctrines
of the agnostics; the
a^athia (ag-na'thi-S), n. [NL., < agnathus, deacon of Alexandria, who, on the autliority of doctrine the ultimate cause and the es-
tliat
jawless (see agnathoiin), -ia.'] In pathiit. + Mark xiii. :W ( "But of that day and that hour sential nature of things are unknowable, or at
anal., nlisence of the lower jaw, due to aiTcsted knowelh no man, . neither the Son, but tin'
. . least unknown.
d**vclopiiioiit. Father"), held that Christ, as man, was ignorant Ity .Isinostici.'iin T understand a theory of things which
agnathous (asi'na-thus), a. [< NL. aginithu.t, of many things, and specifically of the time of abstains from either alllrming <ir denying the e.vistcncc of
.lawliss, < (ir. "- jiriv.+ jwiflof, jaw.] 1. With- I lie day '>( judgment. Ood. It thus ri'pi'eseids, witli regard to 'rheism, a state
out jaws; (fharacteri/.ed by the absence of jaws. of Kiispemled judgment; and all il uiMleilakes toaltlrm is.
Olhi'i' I'dniis arc .lgni)i'l(r a\\i\ .tgiioi'trs.
Niid. .Siir. Lex.
2. Of or pertaining to the Ag- Agnoete, Agnoite (ag'no-et, -it), . One of the
t but. upon existing evidence. I hi' being of (ioii is unknown.

Iliil the tei-ni A-iiiu!tli'fisiii is frriinenlly used in a "idely

iiiitlia or .Igiiiithi. .X^'U.irlie. ditrerent Nclisc, as iinpl>ilig belief that tbi' being of ijod
Is not merely now unknown, but most alua.xs i'<'iuain nil-
agnati (a-nii'li), . /il. [L.. pi. of agnatus:
agnoetism (ag-no-e'tizm). n. [< Agnoftw + kllowable. (r. ./. liniinltn-M, t'olileliipoiiiiy llev., L. 59.
-C'- iignalv.] The members of an ancient lio- -i.-iii. Tho doctrinal system of tlie AgnoetiP.
)

man family wlio traced llieir origin and iiiime agnoiology (ug-noi-ol'o-ji), n. [Better 'iig-
2. Itilicf in the doctrines of the agnostics.
to n coininiin an(^estor through themale line, iiniiliigi/, { igmirauce (see agnnii),
(ir, ii)yi)ia, Agnostus (ag-nos'tiis), . [NL., < (ir. (l)i'(.ror,
uinl'Twhosf iiateniull>ower they would b<Mf he + -h)}'iu, < '/.iyiiv, speak of: see -ohgi/.l In unkniiwn: see ngniislic.'] A genus of trilobiles
wiTo livint;; henco.in /% relations exclusively of till' liiiwer Silurian rocks: so calli'd hecunso
metaiih., the doctrine or theory of ignoruiice,
in tlio rnnlo liin'. See agniili: of I 111' iinccrtaiiil y at aching to il s t nio a.llinil ii^s.
which seeks to determine what we nro neces- I

TIie> lire of siiiall l/.e iiiid soincwli.'d seiiiieireiiltir form,

agnatic a^'-iKii'ik), a. [< F. <i<in(iti(iue, < L, sarily ignorant of.
./.,.'. and II bus bi'eii snpposeil thai they may be the larval form
s, ,. iii/iuiU;'] Characterized liy or per-
We must examiiK' anil lU what Ignorance it what we of Ki'iiie oilier alilliial.
lelt^^cnt by tho male line of anceHtoni. are, ami can be. ignorant of. And thus we are throun Agnotherium (ag-no-the'ri-um), n. [NL., short
upon an entirely new researcli, eonslllilllrig anlntermedl tor 'iiiiiiiisliillieriiim, < (ir. oji'tjaror, nnknown
atu Heetlon ot phlloHiiphv, which we term the lUlimiulnini,
<i of lhe|llindu| family
ijiw, u^mtitir khiNhip
In
. . . the theory of true (giiorance. (see agniistie), + Ihi/iiov, a wild lu'iisl, < Ih/p, il

.nlv,
; Is
Fcrrier, lnt. of .MctaphyiiiM, p. fd. wild beast.] A
genus of extinct iiiamimils of
U Ijiw and I'URtom, p. 7(1. Agnoite, ". Set" .igno'rtc. uncirliiin afllniticH. I( is idintilieil by somo

agnatically agnomen (ag-iio'iiien), .; pi. rtf/HOiin (-nom Willi Ilie nniiihicyoii (wliicli see),
-
liiinii,
'
1 i), rtrfr. Ill an ag-
mil '>r ni;niition. i-iiij). [L., also adniimin (mhi-), < iid, to, + agnua (ng'ims), . pi. agni (-iii). [L., a lamb,
;

agnati' ' ngnaliiin, 'iinonirii, tinmen, iianie(=K. inline), < 'gnoserii; ]ii'rliiips for 'aiignus, lit. 'sheep-borii,' < 'am.i,
;
I", < L.
</././ .
(

iiiiniili,] 1. Ueln- iiiixrere, know, = K. /.Hrtir.J An iidililional name iildor form of oris, a sheep (= Ski. <ivi {iv. =
lion Mily ; deMcent from ii given by the UomniiH 1o an individual in iilln- 'I'll-ir, 'liFii;, oif =
E. ewe, <|. v. cf. also Gr. I'l/iviii;, ;

corn I' I in III!' male liiii': iHh- nion (o Home tiiinlily, ciri'innMtiiiK'e, or iichieve- a lamb, for 'iiFiWn; proji. ailj., < "iiFi- -I'of ). + +
tin< >
iiM'linleN
li disoont in tiienl liy wliii'li he was dlHlingiiisJicd, lis .ll'ri- -gnus (cf. benign, niiilign), -griius (see -geiiiin.i),
Ik)II. 'null' linen. rrtii/((id'loil lo till' nanii' of 1'. nnioliiis S<'ipio;
( <y/^giii, licgel, hear.) 1. .\ii iiiiiige or repre-

I b" ..n"ftliiu atthrbiiikiit Hie lieiiee, in modeni u.hc, any addilionnl nnno- <ir Nentalioii of a lamb as eiiililematical nf ClirisI;
liral<ir.or>iiip prn. 11^. ,| I,; |||nilii< tlwre lay a iiyttom epithet eoufvrred on n penioii. uii Agnus Dei (soo below).
 ;: :

agnus 115 agony

They will kiss a crucifix, salute a cross, carry most de- bo most frolick, lively, blithe, crank, Same as ago-
merry," agonistical (ag-o-nis'ti-kal),
a.
voutly a scapulary, an anni"^, or a set of beads about them. etc. (Cotgrave) origin uncertain. The W. ijon,
;
nislir.
lireeint, Saul and Samuel at Eiulor, p. a31.
activity, velocity, ijofii, agitate, shake, appear agonistically (ag-o-nis'ti-kal-i), adv. In an
2. [cap.] In ~ooL (a) genus, of beetles.
: A to bo unoriginal, and may be from K.] Iji a agonistic manner. [Rare.]
BurmeisU:r^ 1847. (/>) geuus of fishes. Giin- A state of eager desire ; highly excited by eager- agonistics (ag-o-uis'tiks), n. [PI. of agonistic :
ther, 1860. -Agnus castus tl<iis'tus). (L., supposed to
ness or curiosity astir. ; see -(cs-.J Tlie art or science of contending in
mean 'chaste lainb' 0"-'"^'^ tr. into C!. kcuscMainin), but public games or other athletic contests.
Or at the least yt setts the harte on fjofuj. Gascoi'jnc.
annus is lieie only a transliteration of ayi'os, the Greek
Cotton .Matlier eaiiie ^alloijiiiK down agonizant (ag-o-ni'zant), II. [< ML. agoni-
name tbr tree, and L. cnntiwi, chaste, is added in allusion
tf
All the way to Newhuiy town, One
to its iniaj;incd virtue of preserving; chastity, from the re- ziiii{l-)s, ppr. oi agoniitirc: see agonize.']
semldance of the Greek name aveo-; to ayvo'i, chaste.) A With his eyes a'jotj and Ills ears set wide.
Wliittier, Douljle-heaiied Snake.
of a Koman Catholic confraternity wliose chief
disajirecably aromatic shrub or small tree of the genus
duty it is to offer prayers for the dying, and
Vitex, I'. A'lnii'f-casttts, natiu-al order Verbenacea:. It has agoggled (a-gog'ld), a. [< a- (expletive) +
more especially to assist and pray for criminals
digitate leaves and spikes of purplish-blue tlowers, and is {lii<l<il<il, q. v.] Staring; having staling eyes,
native in the countries around the ilediterrauean. Also under sentence of death.
[liiire.]
called f/ias(t;-(rt'ri and Abraham' s-balm. agonize (ag'o-niz), v.; pret. and pp. agonized,
A man a little atio'ighd in his eyes.
The herbe A</nu9 cactus is always grene, and the flowre A. LdiihUm, Trad. Scot. Life, p. 8. (,N. E. D.) ppr. iigiiiiiziiig. [< F. ugoniscr, < M L. iigonrjitre,
therof is namly callyd Agmis castuji, for wyth smelle and
vse it nuikyth men chaste as a lombe. agometer (a-gom'e-ter), n. [Irreg. < Gr. ayea; labor, strive, contend, beat the point of death,
Trevim, tr. of Barth. Ang. de P. K., xvii. GV2. (.V. E. D.) lead, draw, weigh, + /lirpov, measure.] form < Gr. iiyuviC,a6ai, contend for a prize, fight,
A
And wreaths of Agnus-castus others bore ;
of rlieostat. A mcrcun/ agometer is an instrnnient for
struggle, exert one's self, < iiyuv, a contest for
These last, wlm with those virgin crowns were drest, measuring electrical resistances, or for varying' the re- a prize, etc. See agony, from which the stronger
Appeard in higher liunuur than the rest. sistance of a circuit, hy means of a mercury column wiiose sense of agonize is imported.] I. intrans. 1.
JJnjden, Flower and Leaf, 1. 172.
length may Ije adjusted as required. To struggle ; wrestle, as in the arena; hence,
Lamb of God.j (a) Any image
Agnus Dei
VI'
(de'i).
representation of a
[LL.,
lamb as emblematical of Christ
Agomphia (a-gom'fi-a), n. pi. [NL., neut. jjl. to make great effort of any kind. 2. To writhe
ot iii/iiiiqiliiun: sec a(}(>mphious.'\ A
name given with extreme pain; suffer violent anguish.

by Ehrenberg to those rotifers which have tooth- To smart and agonise at every pore.
less jaws. [Not in use.] PojM, Essay on Man, i, 198.
agomphian (a-gom'fi-iin), n. One of theAgoni- II. trans. To distress with extreme pain;
lihiii.
torture.
agomphiasis (a-gom-fi'a-sis), n. [NL., < Gr.
ayojKjuoq (see agomphious) -iasis.'] +
Looseness He agonized his mother by his behaviour. Thackeray.
of the teeth. Also spelled agonise.
agomphious(a-gom'fi-us), a. l<.'Nli.(if/omph)>(s, agonizingly (ag'o-ni-zing-li), adv. In an ago-
< Gr. ; 6/j(pioi; without grinders, < a- priv. ; o/j- + nizing nKinner; with extreme anguish. Also
<j>iuc, prop. adj. (sc.oiiocf, tooth), a grinder-tooth, spelled (igonisinghj.
a molar.] Toothless. A^ E. D. Agonoderus (ag-o-nod'e-ms), H. [NL., < Gr. ayu-
agon't. An obsolete form of ayo. vor, witliout angle, + dip//, tkipi/, neck, throat.]
agon-f (ag'on), .: pi. (((/ohcs (a-go'nez). [<Gr. A genus of Cara-
(i)(ji', contest: see afioiii/.'] In Or. antiq., a con- hidie, comprising a

test for a prize, whether of athletes iu the games moderate number

or of poets,.musicians, painters, and the like. of species of very
agonei, ,j. and adv. See arjo. small or medium-
agone- (ag'on), . [< Gr. ayuvoq, without an sized beetles pecu-
angle, < ii- priv. -t- yuvia, angle: see (/OHionictcr, liar to temperate
Agnus Dei
triffoiionietnj, etc.'} An agonic line. Seeagonic.
America. It is not
(From the Campanile of Giotto Florence )
nailily defined either by
agonic (a-gon'ik), a. [< Gr. ayovo^, without an stnii turalcharacterorby
specfflcally, such a representation with the nimbus in- angle: see <i(io)ie".} Not forming an angle. general appearance, and
scribed with the cross aboufej^ts head, and supporting the Agonic line, an irre^iular line connectio'^ tliose imints on the smaller species, which
banner of the cross, (b) One of the titles of Christ. John the eartlis suiface where the deelinatiun of tlie maiinetic are of nearly uniform
i. 29. (<) lu the Rom. Cath. Ck. (1) A waxen medallion :
needle is zero, that is, where it points to the true north, light-brown or testaceous
blessed by the pope and stamped with the figure of a lamb and consequently does not form an angle with the geo- color, are very difficult
bearing tlie banner of the cross. It is worn by Roman graphical meridian. Tliere are two principal agonic lines to distinguish from simi-
Catholics as a supi)licatioa to be preserved from evil by one, called tlie Aiurn'mn a<fnne, is in the western hemi- larly colored species of
the merits of the Lamb of God. Anciently these cakes of sphere, and passes tmitlnvai-d tlirough the eastern part other genera. A.pallipes
wax were often mounted or inclosed in precious metals, of Brazil, North t'ari'lina, \'irginia, Ohio, Liike Erie, and Agonodcrits dorsalis (I-e Conte). (Fabricius), one of the
etc., but this is not now permitted. Relics of the saints Vertical line shows natural size.
British America. Tlie other, called the Asuitic agone, is commonest species, is
were sometimes preserved within them. (2) A prayer, be- in the eastern hemisphere, and traverses western Australia, about a ipiarter of an inch long, and of a pale-yellowish
ginning with these words, said by the priest at mass sliortly tile Indian ocean, Persia, and Russia, toward the magnetic color. Its elytra have a wide black stripe, divided by the
before the communion, (d) In the Gr. Ch., the cloth bear- north pole. A
third aironic line, having the form of an suture tlie disk of the prothorax is usually marked with a
;

ing the figure of a lamb oval curve, incloses a part of eastern Asia. The ago;iic large black spot, and the head is always black. Most of
which covers the com- lines are continually changing their position ; that in the the species in the United States are cvtremely abundant,
munion st-rvicf. - Ag- eastern United States has been moving slowly westward especially in moist places, and are readily attracted by light
nus Scythicus (sith'- since the beginning of this century. See declination and Nothing is known of their earlier stages.
i-kus). tile Scytliian or
agonoid (ag'o-noid), a. and n. [< Agonns + -oid.]
isogonk.
Tatarian lamb, a fab- One of the fishes form-
ulous creature, half
agonid (a-gon'id), 71.
1. 0. Having the characters of the Agoiiidw.
ing the family Agoiiidw.
animal, half plant, II. n. A fish of the family J(/0HJf7ff'; an agonid.
formerly believei to Agonidse (a-gon'i-de), n. pi. {i^li., < Agoniis
agonothete (a-go'no-thet), n. [< L. agonotheta
inhabit the plains bor- + -i(Uv.'\ A
family of acanthopterygian fishes,
and agonothetes, < Gr. dyuvodcTric, < ayuv, contest,
dering upon the Vol- exemplified by the genus Agoutis.
ga; in reality, the -t- TiJii-vai, place, appoint: see theme, thesis,
shaggy rhizome of the Agoninae (ag-o-ni'ne), . pi. [NL.,< J.i;oHHs -1- etc.] One of the oflieials who presided over
fern Dicksonia Baro- -/(('.] Asubfamilyof the JjrowKte, having two public games in ancient Greece and awarded
metz,which when in- dorsal fins, the spinous being well developed.
verted and suitably the prizes.
trimmed somewhat re- agonise, agonisingly. See agonize, agotdzingly. agonotbetic (a-go-no-thet'ik), a. [< Gr. ayuvo-
sembles a small lamb. agonist (ag'o-nist), 11. [< L. agoiiistaj < Gr.
see agonothete.] Pertain-
teri/idf, < iiyuvodirr/c.
ago, agone (a-go', ayuvia-i/Q, contestant, pleader, actor, < a)wwCE-
Agnus Scythicus ing to the office of agonothete.
a-gou'), a. and {Dicksonia Barot/tetz). a&a;, contend, etc. seti ugotiize. Ct.itnUigunist,
1. One who contends for the
:
Agonus (ag'o-nus), n. [NL., < Gr. a- priv. -l-
adv. [< ME.
ago, protagonist.'] jcii!', knee (taken in the sense of 'joint'), E. =
agoriy agoou, pp. of agon, < AS. dgdn, go away, prize in public games; a combatant; a cham- hnce.] A
genus of fishes, typical of the family
pass away, go forth, come to pass (= G. ergehetij pion a dramatic actor. Also called agonister. Agonidw, Also called Asjyido-
come to pass; cf. OS. dgaugan, go by, =Goth. ;

2. {cap>.'\ One of a violent party of Donatists

Bloch, 1801.
phortis. A. cataphractus {Asji. etiropwus) is the
usgaggan, go forth), < a- +
gdu, go: see fl-1 and in northern Africa in the foiu-th century. sea-poacher or pogge.
go. The form agone is now obsolete or archa- agonistarch (ag-o-nis'tiirk), n. [< L. agonis- agony (ag'o-ni), H. pi. agonies (-niz). (^< ME.
;
ic.] I, a. Gone; gone by; gone away; past; tarcha (in an inscription), < Gr. *a)uvtaTnpxii':, agonie, < OlT. agonic, < LL. agonia, < Gr. ayuvia,
passed away: always after the noun. < ayuvta-K (see agonist) + apxctv, rule, govern.]
a contest, struggle, agony, orig. a contest for a
Of this world the feyth is all agon. In Gr. antiq., one who trained persons to com- prize at the pubhe games, < a}uv, a contest,
Chaucer^ Troilus, ii. 410. pete in public games and contests. WTCstle, a place of contest, an assembly (see
Yonder woman, sir, you must know was the wife of a agonistert (ag'o-nis-ter), 11. l<flgonist + -crl.
agoifi), < ayeiv, assemble, bring together, lead,
certain learned man who had long dwelt in Amster- Cf. aiiphistcr.'] Same as agonist, 1.
. . .

dam, whence, some good time aijone, he was minded to drive, move, etc., =L. agere: see agent, act, etc.
cross over and cast in \\\s lot with us of the Massachusetts.
a. ML. agonisticus,
agonistic (ag-o-nis'tik), [<
Cf. agonize, eta.] 1. A
violent contest or strug-
Hawthorne, Scarlet Letter, agonist: see ago-
< Gr. a}<jviaTiK6c, < ayuviarr/^,
iii.
gle. [Rare.]
II. adv. In past time in time gone by nist.] Pertaining to contests of strength or
1.
;
Till he have thus denudated himself of all these incum-
only in the phrase long ago. athletic combats, or to contests of any kind, as brances, he is utterly umjualilled for these agonies.
O brother, had you known our mighty hall, a forensic or argumentative contest. Decay of Christ. Piety, p. 408.
Wliich Slerlin built for Arthur lon<i ago ! The silver krater dveii by Acliilles as an agonistic prize 2. The struggle, frequently unconscious, that
Tennyson, Holy Grail. at the funeral of Patroklos, which, as the poet tells us,
was made by the .Sidonians, and brought over the sea by often precedes natural death: in this sense of-
agog i^'^o^'), prep. phi', as adv. or a. [Former- the Phmnicians. C. T. Xewton, Art and Archa;ol., p. 289. ten used in tlie plural as_, he is in the agonits of
:
ly OH gog, on gogge, perhaps < OF. en gognes :
*'
estre en ses gognes, to be frolick, lusty, lively,
2. Combative ;
polemic ;
given to contending. death.
3. Extreme, and generally prolonged,
Two conrhctiii-' tvnutistic elements seem to have con- bodily or mental pain; intense suffering; hence,
wanton, gamesome, all a hoit, in a pleasant tended ill tile man, sometimes pulling him dilterent ways, intense mental excitement of any kind: as, the
humour; in a vein of mirth, or in a merry mood" like wild horses. agony of suspense or uncertainty.
(lit. be in his glee), '* gogucs, jollity, glee, joy- Walt Whitman, in Essays from The Critic, p. 32.
A great agony
fulness, light-neartedness" (Cotgi-ave), in sing. 3. Strained; aiming at effect; melodramatic. Of hope strove in her.
goguj mirth, glee (Roquefort), "5e goguer, to X. E. D. W. Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 316.
 ! : ) ; - ( ;

agony 116 agree

A solitary shriek, the bubbling cry family Sdlenodontidce. it is so puzzling to natural- agraphic (a-graf'ik), a. Pertaining to or char-
Of some strung swimmer in his affony. ists that it has received the name of S. paradoxus. It has acterized by agraphia.
Bifron, Don Juan, ii 53. the fur, ears, and tail of the opossum, but the teeth and
elongated nose of the slirew. Its feet tenninate in Uve agrappe (a-grap'), . Same as agraffe, 1.
Continued affony Is followed byexhaustion, which in fee- agrarian (a-gi"a'ri-an), a. and n. [< L. agra-
may be fataL B. Spencer, Prin. of Sociol., 29. toes, and the long claws are curved and evidently adapted
ble persons
for scraping in the earth. The dentitior .is unique, the rius, < country, land,
f((/(T. iield, E. acre. q. v.; =
4. In a special sense, the sufferings of Christ in groonng of the second incisor of the lower jaw distinguish- agrarian Icgc.i, la-svs relating to the liivision of
the garden of Gethsemane
Agony colmnn, the ing this genus from all others whose dental system is
kno>vn. It is of the size of a rat, and not unlike one in
the public lands among the poorer citizens
coluuin of a newspaper which contains advertiseJiients
general appearance. .See almiqui and Solenodon. agrarii, n. pi., those who favored such laws.]
relating to lost relatives and friends and other personal
matters : so called from the apparent distress of the adver- [<F. agouti, acoiiti, < Sp. 1. a. 1. Relatiug to lauds, especially public
agouti (a-go'ti), .
tisere. [English, and chietly in London. ] = Syn. 3. A'jony, lands pertaining to the equal or uuifonn diW-
agiiii, < aguti, acuti, the native Anier. name.] ;
AntniiJih, Pann. Torture, Torment, throe, paroxysm, ache. sion of laud.
These all denote forms of excruciating pain of the body
or the mind. Aqonxi is pain so extreme as to cause strug- His grace's landed possessions are irresistibly inviting to
gling; it is general rather than local pain. AnguUh is, an agrarian experiment. Burke.
in the body, commonly local, as the amjuish of amputa-
tion, and transient. Pann is brief and intemuttent it ;
2. Growing in fields ; 'wild : said of plants.
is a paroxj'sni, spasm, throe, tlmll, or tlu-ob of pain in ; We believe that the charlock is only an agrarian form
the mind there may be the pangs of remembrance, etc., of Brassica.
and in the body the jxtngs of hunger, etc. The agoniea or Prof. Buckman, Hep. Brit. Ass. Adv. of Sci., 18C1.
pangmtf dissolution ; the angui/ih of a fresh bereavement.
Torture and torment are by derivation pains that seem to 3. Rxu'al. AgTEUlan ancient Rome, laws
laws, in
wTench or rack the body or mind ; they are the most power- regulating the distribution of the public lands .among the
citizens hence, in modern use, laus rtdatiiigt" or provid-
ful of these ords. Torment expresses a more permanent ;

state than tor^Mre. See pain. ing for changes in the tenure of landed property. Agra-
rian murder, agrarian outrage, a murder or an outrage
The octopus had seized his left arm, causing dreadful brouj^'ht about by sunie di>]iute eoneeniiii'j: the occupancy
agony by the fastening of its suckers upon the limb. of land, or by general disc intent aninni; tenants or the runil
P, Robinson, Under the Sun, viL classes. Agrarian region, the name proposed by H. O.
One fire burns out another's burning, Agouti t,Dasyprocta agvuti). Watsi >ii for t hat alt it udinal zone of vegetation within which
One paiu is lessen'd by another's anguish, giain can be cultivated.
Shak., R. and J., i. 2. The American name of several species of rodent
II. II. 1. One who favors an equal division
That last glance of love which becomes the sharpest mammals of the genus Dasijprocta and family of property, especially landed property, among
pang of sorrow. George Eliot, Daniel Deronda, xliii. Daayproctidw. The common agouti, or yellow-rumped the inhabitants of a country, or a change in
Suspense in news is torture; speak them out. cavyi D. agouti, is of the size of a rabbit. The upper part
of the body is brownish, with a mixture of red and black
the tenure of land. Hence, sometimes applied to agi-
Hilton, S. A., 1. 1569.
tators accused of leveling tendencies or of hostile designs
the belly yellowish. Three varieties are mentioned, all
O, that torment should not be confined peculiar to South America and the West Indies. It bur- against the ludilers of property, as to certaiu political par-
To the bodV's wounds and sores rows in the ground or in hollow trees, lives on vegetables, ties at ditferent times in the United States.
Milton, S. A., 1. 606.
doing much injury to the sugar-cane, is as voracious as a The new party [the Equal Rights party, 18S6, nicknamed
agOOdt (a-^J')) pre]), jihr. as adr. [< aS, on, pig, and makes a similar grunting noise. It holds its food Locofoctis] was arrayed in the habiliments of a real bug-
in, +
good. Cf. the phrase in yood earnest.^ In in its fore paws, like a scpiirrel. When scared or angry bear. Agrarians wjis tlie accursed name to be fastened
itshair becomes erect, and it strikes the ground with its on them, and to make them an abomination in the eyes of
earnest; heartily. hind feet. Its flesh is white and of agreeable taste, and all thosu wiio took any interest in law or social order.
I made her weep a-good. Shak., T. G. of V., iv. 4. the animal is pursued as game in Brazil. Also spelled //. ro)i Uolst, Const. Hist, (trans.), II. 397.
aguti and agoutg. See acouchy and Dasyprocta.
The world laughed agood at these jests. 2. The land itseU. [Rare.]
Jiniii'n,"isest of jiln'niesiTeos. agracet, V. t. See aggrace.
(,BaUiKeii.)
The agrarian in America is divided among the common
agora (ag'o-ra), n. [< Gr. mar- agraffe (a-graf), . [Also, as a historical people in every state.
ayopa, assembly, J. Adams, "Works, IV. 369.
together, assemble.]
term, agrappe, aggrappe; < F. agrafe, formerly
ket-place, '< ayeipetv, caU
A popular political as- ple, agraffe, "agraphe, a clasp, hook, brace, grap- 3. An agrarian law. [Rare.]
In ancient Greece : (a)
hasp " "(Cotgravo), also "agrappe (Walloon agrarianism (a-gra'ri-an-izm), }i, [< agrarian
sembly ; any meeting of the people, especially
agrap), < a- + grappe, < ML. grappa, < OHU. + -ism.] 1. The principle or theory of an ei|ual
for the promulgation or discussion of laws or
public measures. Hence
(ft) The chief pul>
ckrapfo, G. krajife, a hook: see grape, graiiplc.'] or tmifonu division of lands; more generally,
1 A clasp or hook, used in armor or in ordinary any theory involving I'adical changes in the
lie square and market-place of a town, in which
.

costume, fastening in the same manner as the tcniu-e of land, as the denial of the right of
such meetings were originally held, coirespoud-
ing to the Roman forimi. The agora usually occu-
modern nook and eye, often made into a large private property in it, and advocacy of its dis-
pied the site about the original public fountain or well of and rich ornament by concealing the hook itself tribution and control by the government. 2.
a settlement, which w:is the natural place of remnon for beneath a jeweled, engraved, embossed, or cu- The movement or agitation in favor of agrarian
the inhabitant-s. It was often surrounded by colonnades \-iews, or for the establishment of more favor-
and public buildings ; sometimes public buildings and violence ex-
able comlitions in the uso of land ;
temples 8t043d within it. In some instances a large open
space was reserved for public meetings, and the renniin- ercised in piu'suit of this object.
der was variously sulidivided for purposes of tratllc. It Every county board, every central council, however lim-
was customary to erect in the agora altars to the gods ited its legal powers, may become a focns for agrarianisin
and statues of heroes and others, and sometimes, as at or sedition. Ifinelecnth Century, XIX. ai9.
Athens, it was adorned with alleys of trees.
agoranome (ag'o-ra-nom"), II. [< L. agorano- agrarianize (a-gra'ri-an-iz), r. t. pret. and pp. ;

Gr. ayopavd'/ior, clerk of the market,< dyopa,

inu.t.<. ogriiritiin;iii, ppr. ugrariaiii:ing. [< agrarian
market, -t- vi/utv, manage, rule.] One of those + -L-c. ] 1. To distribute, as pubUo lauds, among
magistrates in a Greek city wlio had charge of the people.
2. To imbuo with ideas of agra-
the inspection of the markets, of weights and rianism. X, E. D.
meaeures, and of pttblic health. Their func- Agra 'work. See work.
tions corresponded to those of the Roman agret, piip. jthr. as adv. See agree,
edilcs. agreablet, ag^reabletet. Obsolete forms of
agoraphobia (ag'o-ra-fo'bi-ji), . {<.Gt. ayopa, (((/)( (//)/(, (igrtealiiliti/.
markct-placo (see agora), + -<lio,3ia, fear: see agreet, plir. as adr.
/"''/' [< ME. agree, atfro
-phobia.} In patliol., a dread of crossing open (also in foiius in grcc, at gree, to gree), < Of*, a
spaces, such as open squares, city parks, etc. gre (V. a gri), favorably, according to one's
a fiiiturc of some cases of neurasthenia, will, at ])leasure : n (< L. ail), to, at ; gre, earlier
agostadero (ii-go-stii-da'ro), n. [Sn., a stim- grid, grit, that which pleases, < MIj. gratMm,
mcr ijastiire, agoslar, pasture cattle on stub-
(. will, pleaain-e, ncut. of L. griitiis, pleasing: seo
ble in summer, dial, plow in August, < Agosto, (initifnl. ('(. agree, r.] lugoodjiart; kindly;
Agr.tlFe ith rcnlury.
August, harvest-time, liarv'cst.] A
place for
The plntc Is In two p.arts;
i

a hook behind the left.hnnd piece enters

in a friendly manner.
pasturing cattle. [Usoil in parts of the United o ring Whind the other. (From Viollet.le-Duc's " Diet, du Mobilier But toko agree alio hoed my play.
States settled by Spaniards.] fMn^nls." Horn, of the Rose, 1. 4.119.

agonara fa-go-ii'rii), . [Native name in South agree (a-prre'), r. [< ME. agreen, < OF. aijreer, F.
Amiriia.] A sp<!cies of racoon, /'roci/oii caii- ameled plate: as, "an agraffe set witli bril-
(igyrr = I'r. agreiar, from the Oli'. phrase a gre,
cricorn.-,, about llio size of a fo.\. It Is a native of liants," Scott, Ivanhoe. Mso tigraiipe,fcnnail. faviirably, according to one's will, at ]>h>asuro:
the wamur pari^ ..f Ami-rirn, and eats all kinds of cms- Amruigst the treasures Is the Prowno of nharlemagne,
lc''ftn and m'iliti.Wi, marine ami terrestrial; from this
Hi'e iigni; iidr.'] I. iutriitis. A. Willi a jierson-
his 7 looto high scepter and hand of^iistlcc, the nf/rn/fr id
It.tMf It [* nl<t<> iilled the erah-catiug raemm. ul or porsonilied subject, in which case agree
Ids royall mantle beset with diamonds and niblen, his
I

agoomenos (a-gU'iuc-noB), n. Same as Iwgu- sword, belt and spnrrs of gold. is eillior used absolutely or is followed by iiilh
mi nos. liirhin. Diary, Nov. 12, Itvirt. befori' llic ngriu'ing (iliject, and by upon, on, for,
2. A device for prevenling the vilirntlMii of to, or in, and sometimes witli, bc'f(U'<> the object

that pari of a piiino-string which is 1m Iween or condilion of the agi'eemenl the hitli'r may ;

tlio jiiii and Ihc bridge. 3. A small cnimp- bo expressed bv an iiil'iiiitivi^ orii clauw. 1. To
irori iisoil liy buildiTS. be of one iiiiiiii; linrnionizo in <i|iinion or fe'el-
agranunatisin (n-giam'a-tizm), . [< Gr. iiig: as, -with reganl to Iho expedionoy of tho
(ij/pii///;ror, willnpiil h'arniiig(< I'l-priv. )("'/'- + law all the jmrtii's agree.
/iii(r-i, a lidlcr), -t- -ism.] In palliol., inability Silihei' iii/rirK with commiui sense In demanding a
. . .

III a grainmalical Hcnlenco.

I'lirm belief In real DbJeetlveboilieH, really known as catiscH of (ho

agrammatistt (a-gram'a-tJHO, [As n gram \urliiuH phenomena, the laws' and Interrelations of wlibdl
II luveHllgates. Mirilrl, Nidiire and Tllongbt, p. Ml).
niol-ism + -i.vf.] An illii'crato ]iiTHon. llaileii.

agraphia (a-graf i-jl), n. [NL., < Gr. .1- i>riv. 2. To livi^ in concord or without contention;
+ -)juu:,in, < yi>/i^nv, wrilc.] A fonii of ccre- liannonize in action; bi' mutually uucurdaut
tkgotlta (Nntiv.- name An In-
I.] brnl diHiirder in which Uhto is a nartiiil or lotiil in inter(!onrs(^ or relnlinn.
oix-Uvi pociijinr to Ilriyli, the hiMK of 1 hu powur of c.\i>ri'Ming iueu by writtun
,.,1
How dost thuu and thy master agreet
tyjio-memlMT ul Um genua Hotmodon niid of the HymliolH. Sliak., M. of v., IL 2.
 ; ;;; ;

agree 111 agriculturist

3, one opinion or mind come to an

To come to ;
I'll meet you there, and bring my wife that is to be. . . .
agrestic (a-gi*es'tik), a.[< L. agrestis, rural,
You're agreeable} Dickens.
arrangement or understanding arrive at a set- ; rustic, < ager, field see agrarian and acrej\
:

tlement. 4t. Agreeing one with another ; concordant. Rural; rustic; pertaining to fields or the cotm-
Agree with thine adversary quickly. Mat. v. 25. These manifold and agreeable testimonies of the oldc try; unpolished. [Rare.]
command, they to obey. and new writers. Author of 1096, quoted by I''. Hall. Cowley retreated into solitude, where he found none of
^ twree, he to
They
SvliUm, Tat.le-Talk, p. 88. -Syn. 1. Fitting, l)efltting, appropriate, consonant(with). the agrestic charms of the landscapes of his muse.
Where an ambiguous question arisrs iKitween two gov- ^2. I't'iisiiig, etc. 8cc jueasavit. /. D' Israeli, Calam. of Authors, I. 64.
ernments, there is, if theycuiin.it anrce, riu appeal except agreeableness (ji-gre'a-bl-nes), n. The
state agrestical (a-gres'ti-kal), a. Same as agrestic.
to force. Macaulaij, \V'arren Hastings. or quality of being agreeable, (a) Suitableness
agrevet, v- t. An obsolete spelling of aggrieve.
Didst not thou agree witli me for a penny? Mat. xx. 13. conformity; consistency: as, the agreeableness of virtue
that agria
not a city feast of it, to let the meat cool ere we to the laws of God. (b) The quality of pleasing
(ag'ri-a), n. fNL., < Gr. aypior, wild,
Make
can agree upon the first place. Shak,, T. of A., iii. 6. quality which gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to savage, malignant, < ayp6c, field,
;

E. acre, q. =
Society seems to have agreed to treat fictions as realities, the mind or senses as, agreeableness of manners there is
: v.] Same as herpes. ;

and reaUties as fictions.
4. To yield assent;
he agreed to accompany the
concmTence: as,
ambassador.
Shak.,
Agree to any covenants.
Agree with his demands to the point.
The tyrant would have agreed
manded.
B. With a thing or things for the subject, in
which case agree now takes no preposition ex-
cept with or in after it, though formerly to was
also so used. 5. To be consistent; harmonize;
not to conflict or be repugnant: as, this story
agrees with what has been related by others.
Their witness agreed not together.
Emerson, Clubs. an agreeableness in the taste of certain fruits.
agricolationt (a-grik-o-la'shon), n. [< L, agri-
consent; rarely, express We have entered into a contract of nmtual agreeable- colatio(n-), < agricolari, cultivate land, < agri-
Hess for the space of an evening.
cola, a cultivator of laud, farmer: see agrieole.'}
Jane Austen, Korthanger Abbey, x.
Cultivation of the soil. Cockcram.
Hen. VI.,
(ct) Concordance harmony agreement.
; ;
1 v. 5. agrieole (ag'ri-kol), n. [< F. agrieole, < L. agri-
Shak., M. for M.,
The agreeableness between man and other parts of crea- c(tla,
tion. Grew, Cosraologia Sacra.
a farmer, < ager, field (see acre), coiere, +
iii. 1.
till.] husbandman; arustic. N.E.IJ. [Rare.] A
to all that the nation de- agreeably (a-gre'a-bli), adv. [< ME. agreable- agricolistt (a-grik'o-list), n. [< L. agricola,
Macaulay, Burleigh. ly : see agreeable o^nd -ly^.'] In an agreeable ta^vmer {see agrieole)] -ist.'] An agriculturist. +
manner. () suitably consistently conformably. See ;
;
The pasture and the food of plants
remark under agreeable, 1.
First let the youn^^ agricolwt be taught.
The effect of which is, that marriages grow less frequent, Dodsley's Coll. of Poems, Agriculture.
agreeably to themaxim above laid down. Palcy.
agricolous (a-gi-ik'o-lus), a. \_< Jj. agricola,
Reason requires us, when we speak of Christianity, to
expound the phrase agreeably to history, if we mean to farmer (see agrieole), + -ous.'] Agricultural.
Sydney Smith.
claim on its behalf the authority of civilized man.
Mai'k xiv. 56.
Gladstone, Might of Right, p. 1S9. agricultor (ag'ri-kul-tor), h [L. better written
. ,

\Vhen we possess ourselves with the utmost security of
the demonstration, that the three angles of a triangle are
equal to two right ones, what do we more but perceive
that equality to two right ones does necessarily agree to,
and is inseparable from, the three angles of a triangle?
Locke, Human Understanding, v. 1.
A wild-rose roofs the ruined shed,
And that and summer
Coleridge, A Day Dream.
6. To resemble
be similar; be applicable or
; ;
(6)Pleasingly; in an agreeable manner; in a manner ti> separately, agri cidtor, tUier of land: agri, gen.
give pleasure as, to be agreeably entertained with a dis-
:
of ager, land, field (see acre); cultor, tiller, <
coiu-se.
coiere, till, cultivate, Cf, agrieole.'] tiller of A
The years which he [Temple] spent at the Hague seem the ground; a farmer; a husbandman, [Rare.]
... to have passed very agreeably.
Macaulay, Sir William Temple. agricultural (ag-ri-kul'tui*-al), a. Pertaining
to, connected with, or engaged in agriculture.
well agree. We were also most agreeably surprised by the beauty <if
the scenery. Lady Brassey, Voyage of Sunbeam, II. .xxii. The transition from the pastoral to the agricultural life
(ct) Alike in the same or a similar manner similarly. has almost always been effected by means of slavery.
;

D. W. Itoss, German Land-holding, p. 3.

appropriate; tally; match; correspond; coin- With hem that every fortune receyven agreablely or
cide: as, the picture does not agree with the
egaly [equally]. Chaucer^ Boethius. Agricultural ant, a kind of ant which clears the ground
Armed both agreeably. Spenser, F. Q., VI. vii. 3.
of verdure in the vicinity of its nest. Such a species is
original. P>i;i"naun/niii'x Intrbatus of Texas, which cuts down all
They all agree in having for their object deliverance agreeinglyt (a-gre'ing-li), adv. In conformity the h<.ilia-e within ten or twelve feet of its nest. Agri-
from the evils of time. to. ASIieldon.' cultural chemistry, a branch of chemistrj' treating of
J. F. Clarke, Ten Great Keligions, iii. 5. the composition and chemical properties of plants, soils,
agreement (a-gre'ment), n. [< ME. agrement, manures, feeding-stuffs for cattle, etc. Agricultural
Hifl system of theology agreed with that of the Puritans.
< OF. agrement, F. agrement: see agree^ r., and Children Act, an English statute of 1873 (36 and 37 Vjct,
Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vii.
-ment.'] 1, The state of agreeing or of being c. ('.7) wiiich rt-stricts the employment of cliildren in agri-
7. To suit ; be accommodated or adapted : as,
the same food does not agree with every consti- blance suitableness.
m
accord. () Concord harmony conformity resem- ; ; ;
cultural Work and prMviik-s for their education. Agri-
cultural engine, a i h ut al 'le steam-motor for general work
tution.
8. Ingram., to correspond in number, What agreement hath the temple of God with idols ?
;
on a farm. Sti; tni^-f inn-engine and steam-plow. Agri-
CUlttiral Act, an English statute of 1867 (30 and
Gangs
case, gender, or person : as, a verb must agree 2 Cor, vi. 16,
31 Vict. regulates the contracting of women
c. loll) wIiiLli
with its subject. =S3ni. To accord (with), concur (in), Knowledge is represented as the perception of the and children to labor on farms. Agricultural geology.
subscribe (to), promise, engage, undertake. See list under agreement or repugnance of our ideas, not witli things, that branch of geology which treats of tlie rt.-.S'>urces of a
accede. but with one another in some cases the agreement being ;
country in respect of soils, subsoils, subjat ent strata, and
II. trans. 1. To settle; determine; arrange. seen intuitively or directly, and in others "by a process in mineral manmes. Agricultural Holdings Acts, two
which there may be more or less certainty. English statutes of IsT.'. and 1><S1. as t.i the relation of land-
He saw from far . . .
McCosh, Locke's Theory,
Some troublous uprore or contentious fray,
2. lord and tenant, the settleMieiit i.f tlieir disputes, and com-
Whereto he drew in hast it to agree. (6)Union of opinions or sentiments harmony in feeling ; pensation for improvements. Agricultural society, a
Spenser, F. Q., II. iv. 3. absence of dissension as, a good agreement subsists among
: society for promoting agricultural interests, such as the
the members of the council. improvement of land, of implements, uf the breeds of cat-
I do believe the two Pretenders had, privately, agreed tle, etc.
the matter beforehand. Gray. With dim lights and tangled circumstance they tried to
shape their thought and deed in noble agreevieiit. agriculturalist (ag-ri-kul'tur-al-ist), . [< ag~
[This use of the verb agree is now obsolete except in the
impersonal phrase it is agreed, and in a few legal and busi- George Eliot, Middlemai'ch, Prelude, ricultural + ~ist. Cf. naturalist,] Same as a^/ri-
ness expressions: as, the account has been agreed. (tf)In gram., correspondence of words in respect of num- culttirist.
It is thus agreed ber, gender, etc. See agree, v., I., 8. (rf) In logic, capability Every truly practical man, whether he be merchant,
That peaceful truce shall be proclaim'd in France. of being true together said of terms. :
mechanic, or agriculturalist, transmutes his experience
Shak., 1 Hen. VI., v. 4.] 2. The act of coming to a mutual aiTaugement into intelligence, until his will operates with the celerity
2f. To agree with ; suit. a bargain, contract, covenant, or treaty: as, he of instinct. Whippfe, Lit. and Life, p. 194,
If harm agree me, wherto pleyne I thenne? made an agreement for the purchase of a house. agriculturally (ag-ri-kul'tur-al-i), adv. As re-
Chaucer, Troilus, i. 409.
Make an agreement with me by a present. gards agricultm-e or agricultural purposes.
Case agreed or stated, see case'i^.
The dissolved constituents of sewage by far the most
2 Ki, xviii. 31,
agreeability ti. [Mod. form
(a-gre-a-bil'i-ti), An agreement, if it involve an imlawful act or the pre- valuable portion agriculturally.
of ME. agreabi'ete, <
0F= agreahlete (=Pr. agra- vention of lawful acts on the part of others, is plainly un- Set. Amer. Supp., XXII. S836.
: see agreeable and -hility.']
dabletat)j < agreable lawful. Woolsey, Introd, to Inter. Law, 42.
(ag'ri-kul-tur), F. agricul-
agree- agriculture
. [<
The quality of being agreeable easiness of ; 3. Agreeable quality or circumstance ;
ture, < L. agricidtura,hettevvrTitten separately,
disposition ; agreeableness. ableness: geueraljy in the plural. [A Galli-
agri cultura, tilling of land: agri, gen. of ager,
Al fortune is blisful to a man by the agrcablete or by the cism, now often written as French, agrements.']
egalite of hym that suffereth it. Chaucer, Boethius. field; OH?^Hro, tilling, cultivation: see agricultor
This figure, says he, wants a certain gay air it has none
She was good humour, spirits, sense, and agreeabili-
all of those charms and agreements.
;
a,nil culture.] The cultivation of the ground;
ty. (Surely I may make words when at a loss, if Dr. John- Tom Brown, Works, III. 52. especially,cultivation with the plow and in large
son does.) Mine. D'Arblay, Diary, I. 42. areas in order to raise food for man and beast
Agreement for insurance, an agreement preliminary to
agreeable (a-gre'a-bl), a. [<ME. agreable^ < OF. the filling out ami delivery of a policy husbandry; tillage; farming. Tfieoretical agHcul-
agreable (F. agreable), < agrccr: see agree, v.'] with stipuhitions. External
sptciiic (wrc,ortlie theory of agn'cult nre,i& a science comprehending
agreement. ^if rtr rnal.'Nletn.O' t in its scope the nature and properties of soils, the different
1. Suitable; conformable; coiTespondent: as,
randum of agreement, ^fe memuran- sorts of plants and seeds fitted for them, the composition
conduct agreeable to the moral law. (/itHi. Method of agreement. See and qualities of manures, and the rotation of crops, and
Though they embraced not this practice of burning, yet method. Non-importation agree- involving a knowledge of chemistry, geology, and kindred
entertained they many ceremonies agreeable unto Greek ment, an agretTiR-iit made between the sciences. Practical agriculture, or husbandry, is an art
and Roman obsequies. Sir T, Browne, Urn-Burial, i. American colonies at Philadelphia, Oct. comprehending all tlie' labors of the field and of the farm-
20, 1774, not to import anything from yard, such as preparing the land for the reception of the
Iln this sense agreable is sometimes incorrectly used for seed or plants, sowing and planting, rearing and gathering
agreeably : as, agreeable to the order of the day, the house or manufactured in Great Britain or Ire-
took up the report of the committee.] land or the West Indies. Tlxis action was the crops, care of fruit-trees and domestic animals, dis-
taken by way of retaliation for the passage position of products, etc. Bachelor of agriculture, a
2. Pleasing, either to the mind or to the senses by Parliament of certain acts for raising degree, corresponding to bachelor of arts or of science,
to one's liking: as, agreeable manners; fruit revenue in America. conferred by agricultural (."lU-^'es. Often abbre\iated to
See ag- B. ^j/r. Chamber of Agriculture, an association of
agreeable to the taste. agreget, agregget, r.
agricultui'ists for the purpuse cf promoting and protect-
There was something extremely agreeable in the cheer- gredge. ing the interests of a-riculture. Department Of Agri-
ful flow of animal spirits of the little man. agrenon (a - gre ' non), n. [Gr. ctUture and Commissioner of Agriculture. See de-
Irving, Sketch-Book, p. 260. aypijvovy a net, a net-like woolen 2'artuient.
My idea of an agreeable person, said Hugo Bohim, is a robe.] In (f/\ antiq., a net-like agriculturism (ag-ri-kul'tur-izm), n. [< agri-
person who agrees with me. Disraeli.
-

3. Willing or ready to agree or consent: now-

woolen garment worn by bac- Torso of Af
wearing the Agre-
cidture +
-ism.] The art or science of agricul-
chanals and soothsayers. non, found at Ha- tm'e. [Rare.]
used only or chiefly as a colloquialism. drian's Villa near
These Frenchmen
agrestial (a-gi*es'tial), a. [<L. Tivoli, agriculturist (ag-ri-kid'tur-ist), n. [< agricul-
give unto the said captain of Calais a
agrestis : see agrestic.'] 1. In- ture + -ist.] One occupied in ciiltivating the
sum
great
offre&able
ofmoney, so that he will be but content and
that they may enter into the said town. habiting the fields. 2. In bot., growing wild gi-ouud; a husbandman, Alsovrritten agricul-
Latirner, in cultivated land. [Rare.] turalist.
 : :

agriculturist lis Agrotis

They preferred the produce of their flocks to that of agriology (ag-ri-ol'o-ji), H. [< Gr. ayp(oc, wild, assign, administer; in a special use, to feed or
their lands, and were shepherds instead of aurimltimsls. savage (<a>pof, field), + -?.o-)ia, < ?.t}en\ speak: graze cattle.] An agronomist.
Buckle, CinlizatioD, II. i.
see -ologi/.^ The comparative study of the agronomlal (ag-ro-no'mi-al), fl. Same as agro-
Cssar tells us that the natives (of Britain] in his time customs of man in his unei\-ilized state. nomic.
were not generally a^ricuUtiri^t^, but lived on milk and
meat, and clothed" themselves with skins. Agrion (ag'ri-on), . [NL., < Gr. ir/or, li-ving Rapid as was Leonard's survey, his rm'al eye detected
G. Hairliitwn, Origin of Kations, p. 134. in the fields, <Q;pof, afield.] The t\iiieal genus the signs of a m.aster in the art atjronnmial.
Bulwer, My Novel, v. 2.
of the family J</n<)H(V?rt; or group J;7)-ioi((. A.
agrieft (a-gref), prep. pJir. as adv. [ME. also agronomic (ag-ro-uom'ik), a. agronome +
with black.
ay reef, wjref. agreic ; < flS + yrie/.} 1 In grief. sauciiim is red. variegated
[<
.

ChaucT. 2. Amiss; agriouid (ag-ri-on'id), . dragon-fly of the A -ic] Relating to agronomy, or the manage-
family Agrionida;. ment of farms.
unkiniUy. rliaiietr.
Agrionidae (ag-ri-on'i-de). n. pi. [IWj., < Agri- Maxims of rti/i-oHOJHi'cwisdom. D. G. Mitchell,WetBnys.
agrievaiicet, agrievet.
oil + -;(/'.] A family of neiu'opterous insects. agronomical (ag-ro-nom'i-kal), a. Same as
See aggriecaiice, ag-
grieve. or dragon-flies, closely related to the I.iheUu- ogronnniic.
lidw, of the group Odoiiata, order yciiroptcrti Tlie experience of British agriculture has shown that
k griffes (a gref). [F. the French a^trunotnical division of the soil is infinitely
a, to, with; grifes, pi. named from a leading genus, Agrion. a species
less profitable than that prevailing in this country.
of which, A. puella, is the common blue dragon-
. . .

of griffe. claw: si'e griff.'] Edinburgh He,'., CIII. 94.

(Held or secured) by
claws or clamps, as a
stone in a ring. The
fly of Britain.
Agrioniua (ag'ri-o-ni'na), n. pi. [NL., < Agri- agronomics (ag-ro-nom'iks), n. [PI. of agro-
nomic: see -i'cs.] The science of the manage-
Agraffe with the central stone on + -(.] A group of dragon-flies, tj'pified by
mounted grimes.
the genus Agrion and corresponding to the
ji ment of farms that division of the science of
;

clamps used for this political economy which treats of the manage-
purpose in ancient jewelry are often of con- family Agrion idw, comprisuig small slender- ment of farming lauds.
siderable size and of decorative form. bodied forms with metallic hues, whose larva^
agronomist (a-gron'o-mist), V. [< agronomy
Agrilns (ag'ri-lus), n. [XL., based on 6r. have external leaf-like gills. + -int.] One who is engaged in the study of
aypof, field. Cf. Agrotis.] genus of buprestid agriopodid (ag-ri-op'o-did), h. A A fish of the
lamily Ji/riiipodirhf. agronomy, or the management of lands.
[NL., < -Vll impartial foreign agruuomi^t, Edinburgh Rev.
Agriopodidae (ag ri-o-pod'i-tle), n. pi.
Agriopiis(-potl-) + -iilw.}Afamilyof acanthop- M. ,T. A. Banal, a distinguished French chemist and
agronomist. Pop. Set. Mo., XXVI. 288.
'

terygian fishes, represented by the genus Agri-

It includes those Cottoidea in which the doi-sal fin
agronomy (a-gron'o-mi), ?. [<F. agrononiie,<.
opus,
is very long, commencing on the nape, and consisting ti tir. as if ^ir.jiovouia,<.a-'jpoy6itot;: see agronome.'] "

an elongated acanthopterous and sllort arthropterous por- Till- art of cultivating the ground ; agriculture.
tion the anal fin is short the ventrals ju'e thoracic ami
well developed, and have 1 spine and 5 soft rays the hcail
agrope (a-grop'), prep. phr. as adv. [< a*
; ;

;
+
is compressed, with small mouth and lateral eyes the
grajn:] Gropingly. ;

branchial apertures are separated by an istlimus; the Three women crept at break of day,
trunk is nuchadiform and compressed and the vertebral .iijrope along the shadowy way ;

are nnnierous (for example, 18 abdominal and 'Jl caiulal). Wliere Joseph's tomb aiul garden lay.
AgriopUS (a-gi-i'o-pus), . [NL., < Gr. aypiui;. M. J. Preston, Myrrh-bearers.
Agrilttt rujicotiii.
wild, savage, :roi f (-od-) =E./oo/, as assumed agrost. Preterit of agrise. +
a. uulendof bodyof Urra; ^, larva c, ttcctlc. ;Thc vertical
lines &bow natural sizes.)
in the deriv. form Jgriopodida\ but in intention Agrostemma (ag-ro-stem'ji), n.
i
[NL., < Gr.
prob. iJV (""-), face, appearance.] genus of o; ("<!., field, -t- arifiua, a WTeath: see .stcmnia.'} A
beetles comprising numerous species distrib- acanthopterygian fishes, tT,-pieal of the family
Liiinean genus of plants, of the natural order A
( 'aryophyUacea:. It is now generally regarded as a sec-
uted all over the globe in the temperate and Agriopodidfc. A. (orpHs, the sea-horse, is about 2 feet tiiin of the genus Lychnis, from which it ditfers only ill the
in length, and is common on the shores of llie Cape of
tropical zones. They may at once tie distinf-uished (M.nii II. .pe. .\lso called ^f^riojjes. el"ii'4;ilcil segments nf the caljx, and ill the petals being
fnjm most other Kenera of litiprfytiilte by their very slender wiili'Mit SI :il,"s. -1. (/..) tiitluuio. the common corn-cockle,
elongate form, the luidy lieiny usually of a uniform oppery agriot,
n. See egriot.
with liirm^ tiitire imriile i.etals, is the only species belong-
or bnjuze color. In the lar\'al state mrtst of them live in Agriotes (a-gri'o-tez), n. [NL., < Gr, nyiiidTr/r. in-.,' t" tin- section as now limited. There are several va-
the tenninal twigs of deciduous trees, often doing consider- wiMiiess, < ajpiof, wild, < aypof, field.] genus liitics in cultivation. A
able damage, and a few also live in the stems of herbaceous of coleopterous insects, of the family ICliiicridir Agrostis (a-gros'tis), n. [NL., < L. agrostis,
plants. The red-necked nisplierry buprestid, .-Itjritu^ run-
ciAlU (Fabricius), eau.ses large excrescences or galls on the (click-beetles or suapping-beetles), of the pen- <Gr. (ijptjffr/f, couch-grass (cf. ayixjan/c, nearly
nwplwrry, known as the tamerous division of the order Coleoptcra. The equiv. to L. agrestiti, rural, of the field see :

ra-[ttp'-rry i.'"Uty-irall. larvse of several species, as the British .4. linealuji, are well
known as wire-worms. See cut under in'ri;-u-orm.
agrestic), < (lypic, a field, the country.] large A
agrimensor (ag-ri- genus of gi'asses, distributed overthe globe, and
miMi'sor), n. ; pi. agrippa (a-grip'ji), n. ; pi. agrippm (-e). [NL. valuable especially
for pasturage. The English
o.(/rimenore(-men- Cf. L. Agrip2>a, a Roman family name.] In sjiecies are known as bent-grass. The mai-sh-bent, A alba,
A
.

so'rez). [!,.,<. ager obstct.: (a) person with the feet fore- w-as at one time widely known as florin. A itilgaHs, cul- bom .

(see acre) mcn- + most. (A) Foot-presentation; a foot ling case. tivated for both hay and jiasturage, is called in America
nil top, or soitictimcs lurd's-grass. See bent-,
sor, < metiri, Agrippinian [< LL. Agrip-
(ag-ri-pin'i-an), n.
menttiis, to mea-
pp.
jiiniani, pi., < Jgrippinns, a personal name, < L. agrostographer (ag-ros-tog'ra-f6r), n. A WTiter
upciii grasses.
sure.] In Horn, Agrippa, a Roman family name.] Kecks., a
follower of Agrippinus, liishop of Cartilage, agrostographic (a-gros-to-graf'ik), a. Per-
antiq., a land-sur-
taining III agi-ostiigraphy.
veyor. probalilv late in the second century, who taught
that a)ii)states should be rebaptized. agrostographical (a-gros-to-graf'i-kal), a.
Tht-nr was a disin-
as ngrostogrojdiie.
Saiiii'
the part of agriset, [< JIF. agrisen (sometimes missiiell-
''.

-meter to cd agri/scn), ]iri't. iigros, >jliudder, be terrilieil, < agrostography (ag-ros-tog'ra-fi), n. [< Gr.
M(h :i mere t'i}in.irrTi[:, ciiucli-grass (see Agrostis), -H -ypaipia,
.VS. dgrisiin, ]iref. *dgrus, shudder, be terrified,
.tl'l'i
eviT
rr it

tli,^
< a- + 'grisan, > early ME. griscn, jiret. gros,
< );)iio(/r, write,] description of grasses. A
agrostologic (a-gros-to-lnj'ik), a. Relating or
!

Un^^ J n^-'f shudder, be terrified: sec grisli/.'] I. 1. tran.s:

|ierlaiiiiiig to agi'ostology.
iihirk* I II. < i:it.^.iir in- To cause to shudder or tremble; terrify; dis-
vohcd in aci|uiritig the
gust. agrostological (a-gros-to-loj'i-kal), a. Same
k!i"\I-du''- which was as agrostologic,
.'!' for learn- All where was nothing heard but hideous cries,
r.trlcal cal- And pitious plaints, that did Ihc lutrls (iijrisr, agrostologist (ag-i'os-tol'o-,iist), n. One skilled
Agrlmony (^trrimetiia nupaloria), Sylrrsler, U: of l)u Harlas. ill aL'i'iisti'li>gy. Kneyc, lirii.
- /.W(.,x.\. sn.
/ .
sh<,wiii^ branch,
ich, (lowering
n spray, and 2. To abhor. Chancer. 3. To make frightful; agrostology (ag-ios-t'ol'o-ji), . [< Or. ay/iutrnf,
agrimony (ng ri- '
fruit.
disfigure. eiiiich-t.'raNS (see Agrostifi), +
-A(i}ia, < ?,i}etv,
nn>-iii;, n. [< ME. agrimony, rgrimonii, agri- Engrost with mud which diii them fowle see -ology.]
nnriitf. That jmrl of botany
spriik 111':

mnynr, rgremoi/iie, rgremi/iniiU; ili-. ; < OF. iiigrt-

.SViciwci-, V. I)., ll. vl. 111. wliiili i-i'lates to grasses.
moinr, < \j. (igrimonia, a false rctiiiing of iirgc- 11. inlrans. To shudder; tremble with fear; Agrotis (ii-gro'tis), H. [NL,, < Gr. aypiiTtK, of
mnnia (Pliny), a. plant similar to anolhor called bo much moved. the Meld, wiUl,< I'lj/mi;, field.] A genus of moths,
artirmiiiir I I'liiiy ).< fJr. iipycjiuvri, a certiiiii ])luiit, There sawe I Roche tempest arise. of the lamily Soctnid(V, ccimiirisiiig a large num-
.. a wliilo Hpci-k in the eye, That every herto might aflrim, ber of the uight-flyiiig mullis, chiefly distin-
To 80 It pntntld on the wall.
' i.M Hiiid 111 have ln'cn re- Chauerr, House of Fame, I. 210,
w, whito, xliiiiinj.'.] Tlio .She nought rt'/HM. Chaiierr, Trillins, 11. IttO.
itH i)f the gonU'- .h/i nii'mtil,
agrodolce (ag-io-dol'elie), ngro (< L, Ji. [It., <
".which iiiiliiile-. soviriil
iiecr, sliarp, sour) + ilolcc, < L. diileis, sweet,]
lii'iniH|ih('ri' and Houth
I'll

i.i.bini.Tb-, wlll,plMIllll.l.llV^.
A coiupoiind formed by mixing sour mid sweet
things.
Afirodolcfi . . . 1h a blending of Hweelj* and Koiirn, and
l made by stewing In a rich gnivy prunes, Corliilh riir-
raiits, almonds, iilne-kernelM ratslim, vinegar, and ulnc
;ltw ilye. Hn.lhaii,, I'lose llaliinllis, p. IVl. (.V. A'. /).)

acriii nH ailr. or o. [< oH agrom (ag'rom), . [Ajipar.from (iii.iiiiuli

of (grinning; mi
-lull' iigriiH, ulcenilioii <if the loiigiie from I'lirmiie
th<^ t'ti :ill Tmniiton.
iigrin," 'liHonHC of tlie iiliriieiilary eaiinl.] Tlie native
agrl"'" iiij'i-kiil), a, >f or per- iiiirnc in India for a rough and cracked ciiii-
f ;i
"litiriM of the tongue not nnemninon in tliul <i^'-
agri' 1 ilHl). II. [< fiiiriiilofll) + ciiiiiitrv.
"lo(lnmli^' xtudy of agronoine (nn'ro-nom), n. [< F. agrononir, <
hlllr. iM 'if the
. IdinH of ' i tip. 'r,i)iiii/i/inr, nil OVlTKeer of the public laililH,
Cutworm {AgroiiK l.infifiti'Ma, Hnrrli) nnd Creasy
iii.ifWc.1
i%ilize<l niatc. Mux MHHcr. ayinim/wt, rural, < u)/(ur, Hold, vt/utv, dcol out, + %

Cutworm Moth {Affwvtti yfstlon, HQlmcr), miturnl size.

 : ; : :

Agrotis 119 aha

The bark of the complaint, contempt, dislike, joy, exultation,
mushed by their somber colors and as being the ague-bark (a'gii-bark), n.
walcr-ush, I'tcica trifoUata. etc., according to the manner of utterance.
mironts
par of worms iiiiurioiis to agi-ieultm-e, espe-
- -
^ ..
^
bee "..*....
'-'"- cutworm.
,

ague-cake (a'gu-kak), . An enlarged and Wlien it c lis] born it cryes swa [soj
the different cutworms,
' '

(iailv
'
_ ^ . ^ .^ -^
hiirdcu.Ml spleen, the consequence ot intermit- If it be njan, it cryes a, a,
aeroiind (a-gi-oimd'), l^rcp. pUr. as adv. or a. Tliat tlie llrst letter es of the nam [name]
rMK '' aqrouilde, also on t/roiiiidc ; <'!, on, tent+ iuid remittent fevers.
01 oin- fiirnie jlli-stl fader Adam
'

qroiiiid.^ -. On
1. -- the ground;
.,
stranded: a nan- ague-drop (a'gu-drop), )i.
,
,
A
solution of the ar- And if tlie eliild a woman te,
;

..
When bom JIampok.
tical term signifying that the bottom ol a ship senito of potassium; the liquor potassii arseni- it is it says e, c. [See eh.]
tis of the United States Pharmacopoeia.
rests on the ground for want of sutfieient depth A. H. An abbreviation of the Latin anno hc-
It is
atso linown as Fomler's aolutiim, and is much cniployeil as
of water: opposed to <r./tortt 2. Figuratively, jirw, in the year of the hejira, or flight of Mo-
a renivily in intermittent fever.
brought to a stop for want of resources, matter, ague-fit (a'gii-fit), 11: A
paroxysm of cold or hammed from Mecca, A. D. 622.
and the like : as, the speaker is aground. shivering; a sharp attack of chilliness. ahal (a-ha'), interj. [A repetition of ah, >,

The Ariuiin.istration ure now in fiiet aijround at the pitch Tliis afjiie-jit of fear is over-blown.
with a'sijiration of the second a; < JIE. a ha =
of high tide, and a spring tide too.
//. Adams, Gallatin, p. 431.
Shak., Kich. II., iii. 2. (i. aha, etc. Cf. ha, ka-ha^, o-ho, etc.] An ex-
clamation expressing triumph, contempt, sim-
agroupment, . See agt/roupmcnt. ague-grass (a'gu-gras), n. The plant blazing-
Jliiris fariiiosa. Also called n/jue-root. ple surprise, etc., according to the manner of
agrypnia (a-gi-ip'ni-ii), . [NL., <Gr. aypvirv:a, star, utterance.
< a-jpvirvoi, sleepless: see AyrijpHus.'] Sleep- ague-proof (a'gu-prof), a. Proof against ague.
They said. Aha, aha, our eye hath seen it.
I am iir.t a;iuc-2Jroof.
lessness; insomnia; morbid wakefulness or Shalt., Lear, iv. 6. ,

Ps. XXV. 21.

^^gilanee. ague-root (a'gu-rot), n. Same as ague-grass. aha2 (a'hii), n. Same as ha-ha^.
agrypnocoma (a-gi-ip-no-ko'mii), )!. [NL.,< aguerriedt'-'(a-ger'id), a. [< F. aguerrir, to ov a.
ahead (a-hed'], prep. phr., smr adv. ._ [<a3,
Gr. u;/'ii-TO.;, sleepless (see J(/n//;H)> +""/'. make warlike, '
~
- '^ r
<' a (<
,.j i_N j
L. ad, to) guerre, -.
war: + on, at,
.

+ .
/(earf,frout.]
, .t x,. -x._,-.x
.,
1. In or to the front;
.

coma.] A
lethargic or partly comatose state, see gHcri-illa.] Inured to the hardships of war in advance ; before : as, they walked ahead of
between natm-al sleep and coma. [Rare.] instructed in the art of war. us all the way : in nautical language, opposed
agrypnotic (ag-rip-not'ik), a. and n. [< F. An army, the best aguerru'd of any troops in Europe. to a.stern : as, to lie ahead.
(oinipiiotiqiie (with term, assimilated to that of Lord Lytteltun, Hist. Hen. II.
The east end of the island bore but a little ahead of ns.
hi/piiotique, hypnotic), < Gr. ii-jjw-vi/TiKdg, wake- ague-spell (a'gu-spel), . A
spell or charm to Fieldiiu/, Voyage to Lisbon.
ful, <aypv7Tvelv, be wakeful, < n}Ynjj7raf, wakeful cure or prevent ague. It seemed to me wlien very young, that on this subject
see Agrypims.l I ~ ((. Sleep-preventing; cans-
"
lifewas ahead of theology, and the people knew more than
His pills, his balsams, and his agvA-spells.
the preachers taught. Emerson, Compensation.
ing wakefulness. Gay, Pastorals, vi.
Si. n. In med., something which tends to ague-tree (a'gii-tre), n. name sometimes A 2. Forward; onward; with unrestrained mo-
drive away sleep ; an antihypnotic. applied to sassafras on account of its supposed tion or action: as, go ahead (= go on; proceed;
Agrypnus (a-gi-ip'nus), . [NL., < Gr. aypvrr- febrifugal qualities. push forward or onward; can-y out yom- task
rof, wakeful, sleepless, < aypeieiv, a}pdv, hunt, ague-weed (a'gfi-wed), n. 1. The common or purpose an idiomatic phrase said to have
:

seek, +
iiTTvo^, sleep.] A
genus of coleopterous boneset of the United States, Eupaiorium per- originated in the United States, and sometimes
insects, of the family Elatcridw; one of those foliatuiii. 2. A
species of gentian, O-entiana converted into an adjective as, a go-ahead per- :

genera of insects whose destructive larvffi are qnmqueflora. son); he pushed ahead with his plans.
known as wire-worms. aguey (a'gii-i), a. [< ague + -i/l.] Aguish. They suffer tlieni [childi-en] at first to run ahead.
agt. A contraction (a) of agent and (6) of against. X. E. D. Sir J{. L'Estranr/e, Fables.
agua (ii'gwii), n. Same as agua-toad. aguilert, " ['^ ME. agnler, aguilcr,< OF. aguil-
To forge ahead. \aut. (a) To move slowly, and as it
aguara (a-g'wa'ra), . [Native name.] A
name ler, aguiUier, mod. aiguiUier (= Pr. aguliarie
:

were laboriously, past another object; draw ahead, as one

of the maned dog of South America, Canisjuba- (Roquefort), a needle-ease cf agullier, needle- ; .
ship outsailing another.
tus. Also called guara and culj>eu. maker), < afiritite, aiguille, F. aiguille, needle see : Ko man would say at what time of the night the ship
(in case she was steering our course) might forge ahead of
aguardiente (a-gwilr-di-en'te), n. [Sp., eontr. aiqudle.'] A
needle-case. Horn, of the Bosc,\. US.
us, or how near she might be when she passed. Dickens,
of ;/(( rrf(VH<e,biu-ning water: agua,< li.aqua, aguiltt (a-gilf), V- [< ME. agiltcn, agijlten,
ppr. of arder, L. {h)To move ahead, as in coming to anchor after the sails
water (see aqua); ardicnte, < ayulten, < AS. dgijltan, be guilty, <- -t- gijUan:
are furled. To get ahead, hold ahead, etc. See get,
ardere,h\ini {see ardent).'] 1. A
brandy made see 0-1 and (7i/7.] 1. intrans. To be giulty of. hold, etc. To nm ahead of one's reckoning. See
in Spain and Portugal, generally from grapes. TlliniT of wliich they nevere apilte hyre lyve. reckoning.
2. In general, in Spanish countries, any spir- Chaucer, Prol. to Wife of Baths Tale, 1. 392. aheap (a-hep'), prep. phr. as adv. [< a^, on, in,
ituous liquor lor drinking. In Califomia and New II. trans. To sin against offend. ;
-t- In a heap ; in a huddled or crouching
heap'^l
Mexico the name is applied to American wliisky, and in
Will hastow mad Troylus to me untriste
condition, as from ten-or ; in a constrained
Mexico to puhiue (whicli see). attitude, as from fear or astonishment : as, this
That nevere yet arjylte hyni that I wyste 7
agua-toad (ii'gwa-tod), n. [< NL. agua, the Chaucer, Troilus, iii. 840. fearful sight struck us all aheap (= all of a
specific name (appar. of native origLu), E. + [< a- (expletive) + heap).
aguiset, aguizet (a-giz')
guisc.l Dress. When some fresh bruit
Startled me all aheap ! and soon I saw
Their fasluons and brave aggldze. The horridest shape that evei raised my awe.
Dr. H. More, Song of the Soul JJood, Mids. Fairies, xvL
aguiset, aguizet (a-giz'), v. t. [See ag yuisc, .] [Also
ajjeightt (a-hif), prep. phr. as adv.
To dress adorn.
;
spelled ahiqht; < a^, on, -f height, hight. Cf.
And uppon your shield devizd,
that deare Crosse
,f^ of similar sense.] Aloft; on high: as.
Wherewith above all Knights ye goodly seeme agiiir.;. T,parivfi
Spenser, F. Q., II. i. 31. look ,,^
''l\-''x, up ,,a-height, Vl,l-
i,^i,,i,i ^' hliaL., Licar, i\. o.
.,,_,..,, r/ j_ 7 1 1 1 r'l.ji ahem fa-hem'), !(';n'. [Intended to represent

Her aji(w/i love now glows and biu-ns. Grarmlle.

^^ress doubt, etc.
3. Productive of agues: as, an o^Mis/t locality, ahight (a-hl'),' irrcp. phr. as adv. [< a3, on, -f-
Agua toad (Blt/o martnus).
"
Through chill aguish ' gloom outburst
'
'
' high.'\ On high.
The comfortable sun. Keats, Endymion, iii.
One heavd a-high, to be hurl'd down below.
toad."] The Btifo marinus or B. agua, a very 4_ Subject to ague. Shak., Kich. III., iv. 4.
large and common South American toad, with aguishness (a'gii-ish-nes), n. The condition of prep, or adv.
ahint, ahin (a-hinf, a-hia')> [<
enormous parotid glands. It is one of the noisiest ijeini'- afuish ; chilliness,
of its trilje, uttering a loud snoring kind ol bellow, chiefly _,,;,^i .i,,,i , See
eee
ME. at hind,"< AS. lei-hindan, behind, < at, E.
and aguiie.
rtowise
during the night. It is very voracious, and, being believed agUlZet, at,+ hindan, fi-om the back, behind: see a-T,
I
. .

to devoiu' rats, has been largely imported from Barbados agUtl, 'I. aee agoun.
+
-y'-.] Agecl ; OKI. JS J^-JJ
,,_,_
hindS, hehind, and cf. afore.] Behind. [Scotch.]
into Jamaica to keep down the swarms of rats that infest agy (a' ji), a. [< age Same as aam.
the plantations. Also called agua. agynary' (aj'I-na-ri), a. [After F. agijnaire
.
(iim), H. ahm
[< ahna, anna, native
ague (a'gu), n. [< ME. agu, ague, < OF. agu, (De CandoUe), < NL. *agynarius: see agynous ahna-tree
(a'na-tre), .

fern, ague (P. aigu, fem. aigue), =

Pr. agut, fem. and -ar)/.] name, -1- tree.']'
In hot. characterized by the ab- cies oi Acacia, growing abundantly in the sandy
large evergreen thorny spe- A
aguda, sharp, acute, < L. acutus, fem. acuta, sence of female organs : a term applied by A. P.
river-beds of Damaraland, Africa. The wood is
acute, sharp, violent, severe /ffcri's acuta, a de Candolle to double flowers which consist
;
light but durable, and the bark is said to be a good tan-
violent fever: see acute.'] If. An acute or wholly of petals, no pistils being present. ning material. Tlie tree bears a profusion of pods, which
violent fever. a. [As agynous +^-{0."] In ai'e very nutritious food for cattle, and are also eaten by
agynic (a-.iin'ik), Also written anna-tree.^
anna-tree.
hot., a t erra applied to the insertion of stamens
And the burning ague, that shall consume the eyes. tlie natives
(^-hold') pr.^ i,;^^ as "dv.or-.Jia^
.eentlWfreefromtheovary. [Rare.] aholdt "0",'+
2. Litermittent fever; a malarial feve^'chlracl '^^^^("Y^^lTT^'^.vT^^^r^^^^^^^^^^^
,

'io'^-] Near 'th? wind, so as to hold or

a-hold. bhak.
terized by regularly retm-ning paroxysms, each
^f^,,"^ ^vj'feless, < o- priv. 3W, a woman, keep to it: as, to lay a ship
+
in well-developed forms, consisting of three rl' " ;^
"'"''''
"~
If
,,,,^^^^^ In io^.,' haVing ^
no female ahoy (a-hoi'), !to> [Same !ishoy,wterj.,vnth
stages marked by successive fits, cold or shiv- , prefix a- marking a slight preliminary utter-
ering (the chill), hot or burning, and sweating;
j^^te a, [<KL.*ag,/ratus: seea-lS ance: see -9.] Af., an exclamation used to
chills and fever.
agyrate fa-ii'rat),
(a ji l^^^
attract the attention of persons at a distance
and gyrate.] ^^,^^^ arranged in whorls.
^

Tliat ye schul have a fever terciane

ah^i'sil^intcrf.
""..'* [A natural cry, expressive of sud- as, ship o/io;/
Or an agu. CArtwc'tT, Nuns Priests Tale, 1. 140. wi^ V^/
den emotion; ME.
i-^^ ^ ^ ^t^rt
a (cf. OHG.
*- t..,
'a Zleeha, ai)
__-
ahu (a'ho), . [Pers. dhU, a deer.] One of the
3. Chilliness; a chill not resulting from dis- - ~ .
= ~ ' ..'
native names of the common gazel of central
=
OF. (7, F. ff/i L. =
ah Gr.
^-
a in Teut. usually
. .

ease Dumb ague. See dumb. with final guttural, AS. ed

;

(for *enh) 'D. aeh Asia, the (iazella std'gutturosa {Antilope suhgut-
=
ague (a'gu), V. t. [< ague, .] To cause a OHG. = ah, MHG. G. ach Sw. ack = Dan. ak. tiirosa of Giildehstadt). It is said to inhabit in herds
=
shivering in ; strike with a cold fit. Seywood. the open country of central Asia, Persia, the Baikal region,
Often repeated, with aspiration, ah ha, aha.
aii.l to be found from the eastern boundary of
Bokhara to
[Rare.]
See a/ifll and ha, andcf. 0, o7i.] An exclamation ttie Hellesp.>nt. Its principal food is a species of worm-
Faces pale pale-browu, wlute
With flight and agued fear Shak., Cor., i. 4. expressive of pain, surprise, pity, compassion, wood, Artemisia Pontica. The ahu is
 ' ; . ;

ahu 120 aigui^re

below ami on the anal disk, with a light stripe on the side, bird Platalea ajaja. (b) [cap.] Reiehenbach's 4. An aide-de-eamp so called by abbrevnation.
5.
:

adark stripe on the haunches, and the end otthe tail black. generic name of the bird, which he calls AjaJa the manege, the helps by which a
pi. In
AlS" c:\lle1ljair0u.
rosea, to separate it generically from the old- horseman contributes toward the motion or ac-
ahuatle (a'6-at-l), n. pies.] A preparation tion required of a horse, as by a judicious use
of the eggs of a dipterous insect of Mexieo, of the heel, leg, rein, or spur. Court of aid, in
Ejikijdra hians, used for food. French hi.^t., a court for the collection of the royal aids,
It U of the e-'L-s f this insect . . . that the greater part or excise.- Emigrant aid societies. See cmi.;ra)i(.
of the ff>.i i.r i : ti of this lake [Lake Texcoto), known Extents in aid. .See extent. To pray in aid. See
as Ahif- ied. . . . Ihe eggs are . . cleaned .
aid-praijer. -Syn. 1. Cooperation, furtherance, relief.
and gT' .
. which is called Ahuatle. This food 2. t'oadjutor, ai^sistant.
is ,!.-,-': r those days in which the religious aid-(ad), . [Eng. dial. etym. tmknown.] 1. ;

, ,-.; of Hesh. It is prepared by A deep gutter cut across plowed land. [Shrop-
I

'i
iried %nth fat in small cakes.
.

/.of caviare.
shire, Eng.]
2. A reach in a river. [Shrop-
Stand. Xat. BM., U. 432. shire, Eng.]
+ aidance (a'dans), n. [< OF. ai<lance, < aider,
a-bnfft (a-huf'), prep. phr. as ado. [< aS
li In a siraggermg manner.
aid: see aid^', v.] That which aids, or the act
uff.}
of aiding; help; assistance. [Rare.]
Set cap a-huf, and challenge him the field.
Greene, James IV,, iv. The means and aidances supplied by the Supreme Rea-
son. Coleridge.
ahullt phr. as adv. or a. [< a^,
{a--hvil'), prej).
on, in, +
Xaut., in or into the position
hull.'] aidant (a'dant), a. [< OF.
aidant, ppr. of aider,
of a ship when her gaols are furled and the Roseate Spoonbill ^AJaJa rfisea). < L. udjutaiii t-)s, ppr. of adjutare, aid see aid^, :

v., and adjutant.] Helping; helpful; supplying

helm is lashed to the lee side in the position ;

of a vessel when she lies to, with aU her sails world spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia. See spoon- aid. [Rare.]
furled. bill. 3. In Paraguay, the jabiru, Mycteria Be aidant and remediate.
In the good man's distress Shak., Lear, iv. 4.
ahnngeredf (a-hung'gerd), or pp. [Also an- a. americana : in this sense only in the form aiaiai. !

huiiytred, < \LE. ahutujred, ahuntjryd, anhungred, E. D. See cut laxAei jabiru. aid-de-camp, ". See aide-de-camp.
with substituted prefix an-, earlier ofhungered, aiblius (ab'linz), adv. [Also spelled ablins, aide (ad). . Same as aide-de-camp.
ofhungred, ofliyngred, offingred, oft/ngred, ajin- ablis, abil. able (Jamieson); < able, "fit, proper, [Hamilton] was picked out by Washington to serve as
gred, pp., < AS. of-hyngred, pp. of of-hyngrian, apt, liable, in danger of" (Jamieson), 4- -lins, his conlidential aide. X. A. Hev., CXXIII. 117.
cause to hunger, < of- intensive hyugrian, + -lings, -lis: see able'^ and -ling'i.] Perhaps; per-
aide-de-camp (E. pron. ad'de-kamp, F. pron.
cause to hunger: see n-* and hunger, v. Cf. adventure; possibly. [Scotch.]
ad'do-kou). . pi. aides-de-camp (adz'de-kamp ;
athirst.l Pinched with hunger; hungry. [Er- But fare-ye-weel, auld Xickie-ben or adz'de-kon). !

[< F. aide de camp, lit.' a field

roneously printed in the New Testament as Oh wad ye tak' a thought and men'.
Ye aiblins might I dinna ken assistant: aide, aid, assistant (see ojVfl, (.); de,
two words, in the forms (in different editions) Still ha'e a stake. Burns, To the De'il. < L. de, of camp, < L. campus, field, battlefield: ;

a hungered, an hungered, and an hungred.] see camiA.] Milit., a confidential officer whose
ahnngryt (a-hung'gri), a. [Same as ahungered. Aich metal. See metal.
aid^ (ad). ' '. [< ME. aiden, < OP. aider, also duty it is to receive and communicate the orders
with suffix changed in imitation of hungry.] of a general officer, act as his secretary upon
eider, aidier, motl. F. aider =1^. ajudar, < L. ad-
Hungry: as, "I am not a-hungry," Shak., JI. occasion, and the like. Sometimes written aid-
jutare, help, aid, freq. of adjuvare, pp. adjutus,
W. of W., i. 1.
Ahuramazda (a'ho-ra-maz'da), w. [Zend help, < ad, to, +
jurare, help: see adjutant, ud- de-camp.
jute.] 1. To help; assist; afford support or aider (a'd6r), n. One who helps; an assistant
Ahuro mazdao, > Pers. Ormuzd.] Same as Or- or aiDciliary ; an abetter ; an accessory.
relief; promote the desire, purpose, or action
muzd.
of: as, to aid a, person in his business, or an All along as he went were punished the adherents and
ahya (a'u), n. [Jap.] The ai, a Japanese
animal in its efforts ; to aid a medicine in its aiders of the late rebels. Burnet.
salmonoid fish, Salmo (Plecoglonsu.i) altivelis,
operation. [Emerson] was the friend and aider of those who would
also kno-n as the one-year fish. It is catadro-
Till more hands live in the spirit. M. Arnold.
mous, and an annual. Aid us, the work under our labour grows,
The ahj/u is specially worthy of record Luxurious by restraint. Milton, P. L., ix. 20S. aides-de-camp, . Plural of aide-de-camp.
as the only fish
known to combine the habits of the two classes [of cata- So aitf me Heaven when at mine uttermost. aidful (ad'ful), a. [< (i((fi + -ful.] Giving aid
dromoos and annual hshes]. Tennyson, Geraint. helpful. [Rare.]
Gill, Smithsonian Rep., 1883, p. 726.
2. To promote the course or aecomplishmoiit Aii{ful to the distresses of God's people.
ai*. [(1). < ilE. ai, ay, ei, ey, wi, fly, eg, a:g,J. AS. of; help in advancing or bringing about; for- Bp. Hall, Hainan Disrespected.
ag, eg, <eg, eg, that is, the vowel (b or e, or e, w ward facilitate as, to aid the recovery of a aidless (ad'les), fl. [< (((Vn
; : -le.fs.] Without +
followed by the palatal g, in ME. 17, g, or y, also patient, or the operation of a machine ; to aid aid: helpless : without succor ; unsupported.
written I, merging with vowel or i : see .1/ ;/, y, i. one's designs. aid-majort (ad'ma''',ior), n. Same as adjutant.
(The digraph in hair, ME. here, has taken the Take your choice of those aid-prayer (ad'prar)i' n. A petition or {ilea for-
place of earlier c as in ere, there, their, etc.) Tliat best can aid your action. Shak., Cor., 6.
i.
merly employed in actions concerning estates
(2) < ME. ai, ay, ei, ey, with folloiving vowel No more these scenes my meditation aid. in land, by which a defendant claimed the as-
Pojte, Eloisa to Abelard, 101.
aic, etc., < OF. ai, ei, etc., of various origin, I.
sistance of another jierson .iointly interested
usually developed from L. a or e. (3) Of vari- [In this sense aid is often followed by in, giving it the
with liini in sustaining the title.
ous other origin. See examples cited below.] appearance of an intransitive verb, the direct object of
assistance being unex|)resscd as, he actively ai</*'(f in the aiglet' (a'glet), n. [Dim. of OF. aigle, eagle:
A common English digrajjh, representing gen-
:

search.) Aiding and abetting, in criminal law, an of- see eaglet.] In her., an eaglet or yoimg eagle.
erally th(^ sound of "long a"
(a), which be- fense committed by one who. though not directly perpe- aiglet-', )'. See aglet.
coini'S it before r, as in ail (soiuided like ale), trating a crime, is yet present at its conimi-ssiim and ren-
ders aid to the perpetrator. - Syn. To support, sustain, aigocerine,
a. Soo agocerine.
tain (sounded like vane, vein), air (sounded like
serve, back, second, abet, cooperate with, relieve. Aigocerus, n. Soo -ligocerus.
ere, fwir), etc. As commonly i>ronouncctl, it is strictly
aidl (ad), n. [< F. aide, < OF. aide, cidc, etc. aigre't (a'ger), a. i< F. aigre : see eager^.']
* dlphthoMK connittiiji,' of " long n " (a), or e (c), f<dlowcd by
a nnlih, i (I), which is, in words of AngloSaxoii origin,
from tho verb.] 1. Help; succor; supi)ort Sharp ; sour. Seo cager'^
l,l,i.. .11,
i,|,.tiuii with the consonunt y. This di- assistance. Like aigre droppings into milk.
t" "I woril.i
(1) of Anglo-.Saxon origin, as in Sweet father, I behold him in my dreams Shak. (W2:!), Hamlet, i. 6.
" 'I'/./rtt'*, w'tf^/airl, /<n>, etc., being also
Gaunt as it were the skeleton of himself,
" ilh fi', in moilern .Scotch spelling for " long
Death-pale, forlack of gentle maidens aid. Sen eager-. aigre- (i^'g^r), .
" to K. "long o." va, o-e, as in aith, raid,
'

aigremore (a'g6r-m6r), .
Tenni/non, Lancelot anil Elaine. [F. origin im- ;
'it/i, r'tn<t, rttile, own, etc.: (2) of French,
' i^ilin origin, as In /ail, /(tint, vain, grain, 2. Ho who or that which aids or )-ields as-
Unown.J Charcoal made ready for tho admix-
' '
(*) of (ircck origin, being UHed
: sonie- sistance; aln'l|irr; an iiiixiliiirv; an assistant: ture of the other constituent materials of gim-
'' t tranjtlltcration of iireck ai iimtcHd of tlie
as, Coleridge's " .lid.i to Kelloetion."
powder.
' ''nllli-nitiMii If or rt(seert'l), as in aitwlofty, aigret, aigrette (a'gret, iX-gi-et'), n. [< F. ai-
'
''IS otliiT origin, ii.^inilly rciircHcntiiig the It is not good that man should be alone let us make
1. The small white heron.
;
'

grette : see
unto bim an uiVf like unto himself.
'' r I. 1^ In Ornnaii kaiter
proper names, as Aino, Cairo,
(ally
and Oriental and
The aids
Toliit viii. 0.

to iioble life are all within.

So(> egret.
2. (a) A ]iltiine
Anylo-.Siixon and French origin ni M. .Inwid, Worldly Tlnce. coiniMised of I'eatlici's ar-
1 now prt-valls when
usually
llnnl, ranged in imilalion of the
'^ li>-n iiirule medial by the addition 3. In feudallair, a customnry piijinont, iiindo
'
feathers on the head of
'
''"/. '/'ij/, affra}!, arrant, etc., ttailu, by n tenant or vassal to liis lonl, originiilly :i
I'i't to Home such cases, cHpecinlly the heron, and worn on liel-
voluntary gift lic>nce, in Eng. hint., ii|i|ilii'd tu
;
llli a Vowel, aji remains un< nu'ts or by ladies as a part
' 'i'<l, rtfit/rj/, vU'. tho forms of taxation employed by the crown
(if llicir licad-iiri'ss, etc. (b)
n\ between the Norman comiuest and the four-
' /ini(Mahii).]
^ Uriiz.rti,
teenth century. Aids in tlie narrower sense, whether A cdiiy in Jfxveli'y <il' such a
lUiiilyp::r, tridaclyhi.i or pinnic, iil'ten so made that,
to the crown or mesne lords, were Iiy Magna Charta lim-
li'im linving a feeble, ited to grants on three the sceining feathers trem-
occosioim (fi) to raliHom
sj lal :

'""lew r, lit reHi'iiibliiig the hoiiikI the Iiiril when a prisoner; (/*) to make (he lonl's eldest son ble with the niovi'inents of
l>y " nuiiio. Hvw Kloth and lira- nklilglil; (e) (he marriage of the lord's eldest dallglltiT.
'

The legal authority to enforce such aids was abolished In the wearer, causing Ihe
*'"'" ' wm. gems til s]iai'kl('. 3. In
ftUla,alnl.-.i ,
1

.,
Hatno wt nAi/M.
jy [Nntivo nnmo, prob. Klrsl Ihoro were pnymonis called aidt ; In tho theoir of
bat., sanu' as egret. 4. In
'- 'iMtliom they were olfered of the ienalit'H fn'O ielitli., a labroiil lisli. I.iieh-
" Atgrrl.
'i'>(;ru|iliy, found ii the i-oHts Incnrreil liy tlie lord on iinrtlcular noloni US ma.riinits, beller
l-n.m llnii^ lliinikmalr-H

-
(
(iliiivi- (riven, mill 'I lliey settled Into a dxedi'iiHt^imaUiTwardN, j"rtiiii.i|.ii .,f M,i,imiiiaii
known as the lingfisli (whicli
'
II. The 1' oot really done HO when Ihosii autliom wrote.
see).
A', folloek, Ijind Ijiws, Hi.
|i<>(ipiliil|,
" The marriage win. according to the new feudal Idea",
alguo-marine (iig-ma-ren'), H. 1 1'.] Same as
t 'III III Ira,
made the ev miniimiirine.
f"""':- f,,r n heavy exaction of money, an ai'if, lui
' ibm. 2. In Uic feudal lii>.
II .

ik rail aiguidre (li-gi-ilr'), n. \V.. a ewer, jug: soo

"" f""" uaujuor tho
It.
. h. A. /'Vwinan, .Norman Coniiucst, V. Mi. tii'tr'-'.) A Inll and slender vessel of metal, por-
 ;

aiguidre 121 Aino

celain,glass, or pottery, Ailantus (a-lan'tus), n. [NL.also errone-
; It ill beseems this presence to crjt aim
with a foot, a handle, and ously Ailanthus (simidating Gr. ivHor, flower) To these ill-tuned repetitions. Shak., K. .John, it 1.

a spout or nozle. in Kin^iish < aitanto, the Malacca name of one species, aim (am), n. [< ME. ayme, ame, < OF. esme;
the word generally liniifi-'l Lu
is
vessels of highly deeorative t-luir-
said to mean 'tree of heaven.'] 1. A
genus of from the verb.] If. Co'njectm-o; guess,
trees, iiiitural order Simarubacew. The onlycom- lie that seeth no mark, must shoot by aim.
acter, of rich material, ete See
nioiily known sp(-( ii-s is the tree of heaven or Chinese Up. .Jewell, Reply to llardinge,
aflaiid. p. 31.
snniitrii, ,1. 'fhiiKliddsa, native of Mongolia and Jai)an, It is impossible by aim to tell it.
aiguille (a-gwel'), . [F., a frrqiniitly planted as a shfide-tree. It is of rapid growth,
Spenser, State of Ireland.
ueedle: see nglet.] 1. A with \(iy long pinnate leaves, and throws up abundant
What you would work me to, I have some aim.
slender foi-m of drill used for roc,t..suel<i-rs, by which it is usually propagated. The
Shak., J. C, i. 2.
Mowers polygamous or nearly diujciuus, and are very
;iie
boring or drilling a blast- 2. C'oin'sej direction: in particular,
hole inroek.
2. Aprimiug-
ill-seented. Jiombyx (Phitosamia) cynthia, a species of
silkworm, feeils on its leaves. In Japan the produce of tion in which a missile is
the du'ec-
pointed; the line of
wii'e or blasting-needle. silkwoiniB fill on this tree is very large, and the material, shot.
3. The name given near tliini;ili uaiilin;^r tlm fineness and gloss of mulben-y silk,
And when the cross-blue lightning seeni'd to open
is iiniiburil at far less cost, and is more diu-able.
Mont Blanc to the sharper Tlie breast of heaven, I did present myself
peaks or clusters of needle- 2. [/. c] A
tree of the genus Ailantus, or the Kven in the aim aiid very lliisli of it. .SViat., J. C, i. X.
like rock-masses, ordinarily
genus collectively: as, the ailantus, when once
3. The
act of aiming or directing anything (as
established, is diiHcnlt to eradicate.
seen wherever the slaty crys- a weapon, a blow, a discoiu'so, or a remark) at
talline rocks occur, forming Aieuiire of silverpilt in the ailet, . 1. The older and more correct spelling
Pitti PaLice. Florence.
or toward a particular point or object with tho
of aisle. 2. [F. see ailette.] Milit., a wing or
a more or less considerable :
intention of striking or affecting it; the point-
flank of an army or a fortification.
part of a mountain range, but most strikingly ing or directing of a missile.
near Chamt. lix. Henee applied, though rare- aileron (a'le-ron), n. [P., dim. of aile, wing:
Kach at the head
see ailette.'] Same as ailette.
ly, to similar sharply pointed peaks elsewhere. Levell'd his deadly aim. Milton, P. L., ii. 712.
aiguillesque (a-gwe-lesk'), a. [< p. aiguille, a ailette (a-lef), n. [., dim. of aile, a wing, < The point intended
4. to be hit, or object in-
needle, +
-esque.'\ Shaped like an aiguille; L. dla, wing: see ala and aisle.] A
plate of tended to be affected; tho mark or target.
resembling an aiguille. Suskiii. (N. E. D.) iron worn over the mail to prp-
To be the aim of every dangerous shot.
tect the shoulders of a man-
aiguillette (a-gwe-lef), n. [F., dim. of aiguille, a Shak., Rich. III., iv. 4.

ueedle: see aglet.'] 1. Same as ^?e(, 1. 2. In

at-arffls, before the introduc- 5. A purpose; intention design scheme: as, ; ;

cookery, a name given to a number of hors cTosu- tion of plate-armor for the men are often disappointed of their aim.
vre, or side-dishes, from their being served on
body. Ailettes were some- The aim, if reached or not, makes great the life.
small ornamental skewers or needles {aiguilles). times charged with heraldic Try to be Shakspeare, leave the rest to fate.
bearings. Also aislette and Brouming, Bishop Blougram's Apology.
aigllis6 (a-gwe-za'), a. [F., pp. of aiguiser,
The aim
of scientific thought, then, is to apply past ex-
sharpen, = Pr. agusar =
It. aguzsare, < ML.
aileron.
periences to new circumstances.
acutiare, sharpen, < L. acutus, sharp see acute.] ailing (a'ling), n. [Verbal n.
: M'. A'. Clifford, Lectures, I. 131.
In her., sharpened or pointed: applied to any- of
ni/l, v.] Sickness; indis- To give aim, in arehery, to stand near the butts to tell
thing sharpened, but in such manner as to ter- position, the archers where their arrows alight. The terms are "wide
minate in an obtuse angle. Synonymous with ailing (a'ling), 2^ a. Not well; on the shaft(right) hand," "wide on the bow(left) hand,"
"short," "gone"; the distances tieing measui-ed by bow-
apimiiMe. Also written iguisL indisposed.
lengths. See bow-hand. = Syn. 6. End, scope, drift, goal,
aigulet (a'gu-let), n. Same as aglet, 1: as, But tllere is a sort of puny sickly intent, ambition.
reputation, that is always ailinij, yet
"golden aygulets," Spenser, F. Q., II. iii. 26. will outlive the robuster characters aim-criert (am'kri"6r), n. 1. One who en-
aikinite (a'kin-it), n. [Named after Dr. A. of a hundred prudes. coui-aged an archer by crying " Aim " when he !

Aikin.] Anative sulphid of bismuth, lead, Sheridan, School for Scandal, i. 1. was about to shoot. Hence 2. An encourager
and copper, of a metallic luster and blackish generally; an approving on-looker an abetter. ;

lead-gray color, it eommonly occurs in embedded not able to eat mucli? century. From VioUet-
(
Thou smiling aim-crier at princes' falL
aeieular crystals, and is hence called needle-ore and acic- a. D. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, p. 41. le-Duc's " Diet, du Mo- Markkam, Eng. Arcadia. <?.
ular bismuth. bilier fran^ais,")
= Syn. Unwell, etc. See sick. aimer (a'mer), n. One who aims,
aillf, a. [< ME. eil, < AS. egle, painful,
ei/le,
ailment (al'meut), J!. l<aili,v., +
-ment.] Dis- aim-frontlett (am'frunf'let), n. piece of A
troublesome, = Goth,
aglus, hard. Cf. Goth. ease; indisposition; morbid affection of the wood fitted to the muzzle of a cannon so as to
agio, distress, tribulation, akin to agis, fright, body: not ordinarily applied to acute diseases. make it level with the breech, formerly used by
= E. awe^, q. v.] Painful troublesome. ; = Syn. Sickne.'is, etc. (see illness), indisposition, disorder, gimners to facilitate aiming.
Eyte and hard and muehe. complaint.
aimful (am'ful), a. [< aim + -ful] Full of
Castle 0/ Love, 1. 223. Ailsa-COCk (al'zii-kok), ?j. A local name for pun)0se.
aill (al), V. [< ME. the puifin, Fratefcula arctica, from its breeding
alien, aijlen, earlier eilen, aimiully (am'ful-i), adv. In an aimful manner;
eylen, eglen, < AS. eglian, eglan, trouble, pain, =
about Ailsa Craig, in the Frith of Clyde, Scot- with fixed pm-pose.
Goth, "agljan, only in eomp. usagljan, trouble land. See cut under xmffin. aiming-drill (a'ming-dril), n. A military ex'
exceedingly, distress; from the adj.: see a(71, Ailuridse (a-lii'ri-de), n. pi. Same as Jiluridce. ercise designed to teach men the proper method
a. and n.] I. trans. To affect with pain or im- Ailuroidea (a-lu-roi'de-a), n. pi. Same as .3ilxi- of pointing and aiming fii'earms ; a training pre-
easiness, either of body or of mind; trouble: roulea. liminaiy to target-practice.
used in relation to some uneasiness or affection Alluropus a-lu ro-pus), . Same as ^luropus. aiming-stand (a'ming-stand), n. Milit., a rest
whose cause is unknown as, what ails the man ? Allurus (a- u rus), n. Same as murus.
:
for a gun, used in teaching the theory of aiming.
What aileth thee, Hagar? Gen. xxi. 17. ailweed (al wed), (. i<.mlHt) + weed^.] The aimless (am'les), a. [_< aim + -less'.] Without
What do you ail, my love? why do you weep? clover-dodder, Cuscuta Tnfoht. aim purposeless.
;
Webster, The White Devil, iv. 2. aim (am), V. [< ME.aymen, amen,eymen, < OF. The Turks, hall asleep, ran about in aimless confusion.
Never rave nor rail. awiec (Pieard), esmcr (= Fr. esmer, < L. wstimare), Dn/den, Don Sebastian.
Nor ask questions what I ail. and with prefix, eesmer, aestner, aasmer, < ML. Without aim ; pur-
Peele, Edward I. (Dyce ed., 1861), p. 395.
aimlessly (am'les-li), adv.
adcEstimare, < L. ad, to, -t- cestimare, estimate : poselessly.
[Rarely used with a specific disease as subject, unless col-
see estimate.] I. trans. If. To esteem; con- aimlessness (am'les-nes), re. The state or qual-
loquially in iterative answer to a question: as, "What
ails you? A pleurisy ails me."] sider.
2t. To estimate; guess; eonjectui'e ity of being without aim or definite purpose.
II. intrans. To feel pain be ill (usually in a ;
Wyclif.
3t. To calculate; devise; intend. [Thoreau's] whole life was a rebuke of the waste and
slight degree) be unwell now used chiefly in
; :
My speech should f.-ill into such vile success aimlessjiess of our American luxury, which is an abject

the present participle as, he is ailing to-day.

:
Which my thoughts aim'd not. Shak. Othello, iii. 3. ,
enslavement to tawdry upholstery.
Lowell, Study Windows, p. 209.
And much he ails, and yet he is not sick. 4. To direct or point at something; level: as, .

=
.

Daniel, Civil Wars, iii. to aim the fist or a blow; to aim a satire or a ^y^ (^'^)j, a. [Also spelled ane, E. oicnl.]
reflection at some person or vice. Own. [Scotch.]
One day the child began to ail.
E. U. Stoddard, Pearl of the Philippines. Bulls aim their horns, and asses lift theii' heads. ain. [< ME. -ain, -ein, -ayn. -eyn, < OF. -ain, -ein,
Pope, Im. of Horace, Sat. S5. <L. -anus: see-H.] A suffix of Latin origin, oc^
aiU (al), n. [From the verb. Cf early ME. eile, .
i.

curring unfelt in English nouns, as in chieftain,

eil, harm (very rare) from the adj.] Indisposi-
;
5. To give a certain direction and elevation to
captain, chaplain, curtain, and, as originally, in
tion or morbid affection ailment. Pope. ;
(a gun, cannon, arrow, etc.), for the pm-pose
adjectives, as in certain, ete. It is a Middle
ail^ (al), 11. [E. dial., hi pi. ails; variously cor- of causing the projectile, when the weapon is
English and Old French form of -an (which see).
rupted oiU, hoils, hauels; < ME. cyle, eile, eigle, discharged, to hit the object intended to be
< AS. egl, the beard of gi'aiu, corn, foimd only struck as, to aim a gun. :
aince, aines (ans), adv. [< ME. anes, north.
foiTn of ones (pron. 6'nes), now con-upted to
twice, as tr. of L. festuca, "the mote that is iii II. intrans. If. To estimate; guess; conjec-
once (pron. wuns).] Once. [Scotch.]
thy brother's eye " (Luke vi. 41, 42), OHG. ahil, ture. = ainhum (an'hum), n. [A negro term, said to
G. achel, beard of grain; from the same root, Bom. In sadness, cousin, I do love a woman.
with diff. suflix (-?), as ! and ear^, q. v.] Ben. I aivid so near, when I supposed' you lov'd. mean orig. 'saw.'] A
disease peculiar to the
Shak., K. and J., i. 1. negro race, consisting of the sloughing off of
The beard of wheat, barlev, etc., especially of
barley: chiefly in the plural". SalliweU; Wright. 2. To direct
one's intention, purpose, or ac- the little toes, unaccompanied by any other
tion, as to the attainment or accomplishment disorder of the system
[Prov. Eng. (Essex).]
For of something; intend; endeavor: as, a man Aino (i'no), a. and . [Etym. doubtful; sup-
to winden [var. windwe, winnow] hweate, and
acheaden (shed, i. c, separate] the eilen and tet chef aims at distinction ; aim to be just in all you do. posed to be a corruption of Jap. inu (pron.
[the chaff] urom the clene cornes. The short-sighted policy which aimed at making a nation e'no), a dog, applied contemptuously by the
Ancren Biwle, p. 270. (A'. E. D.) of saints has made a nation of scoffers. Japanese.] I. a. Of or pertaining to the
Macaulay, Leigh Hunt.
ailantic, ailanthic (a-lan'tik, -thik), a. {<Ai- Ainos, certain aboriginal tribes in Japan now
lantus, Ailanthus, + -ic.] 3. To dii'ect or point anything, as a weapon or forming small tribal communities in the island
Of or pertaining to
Ailantus.M^SIi.\Ac acid, an acid obtained from the missile, toward an object. of Yezo, the Kurile islands, and SaghaHn or
bark of Ailantus excelsa. [In all senses aim is used with at or an infinitive before Karafuto. They are a hairy people, with Cau-
the object to be reached.]
ailantine (a-lan'tin), a. [< ailantus + -iel.] casian features and gentle manners, but in a
Relating or pertaining to the ailantus, or to the To cry aimt, in archery, to encourage the archers by cry-
ing out "Aim!" when they were about to shoot. Hence it low state of civilization.
silkworms which feed upon its leaves. came to mean to applaud or encourage in a general sense. II. n. The language of the Ainos.
 ,

ainsel' 122 air-cane

ainsel', ainsell (an-sel'), n. [< ain E. own, = to the open air; ventOate: as, to a jr clothes ; to air-bag (ar'bag), H. A large bag composed of
+ SI U E. jf/r".] Own self.
= [Scotch.] air a room. layers of canvas, satm'ated or coated %vith air-
vulgar contraction of the A I ayre or whether, as men do thj-nges whan they lay them proof and water-proof preparations and filled
ain't, an't (ant).
in the open ayre, or as any lynen thyng is after it is iiewe with air, designed for use iu raising sunken
negative phrases am not and are not: often used wasshed or it be worue. Ayre these clothes for feare vessels. When needed for use, empty
. . .

for" is not. and also, with a variant hain't, for ofmothes. . Palsgravi.
air-bags are secured
to the vessel beneath the surface of the water, and air is
haie not and has not. To this [public prison] is also annexed a convenient then forced into them. Also called air-custdon.
Aiolian (a-o'li-an), a. and n. Same as ^EoJianl yard to air the criminals in, for the preservation of their air-balloon (ar'ba-lbn'), /(. See balloon.
and JEolian''. life and health, till the time of their trial.
Beverley, Virginia, iv. ^ 68. air-bath
(ar'bath), H. 1. The protracted ex-
Aiolic (a-ol'ik), a. Same as Mohc. posure of the person to the action of the air,
Aiolism va'6-lizm), n. Same as holism.
Hence 2. To expose ostentatiously; display; for the promotion of health, usually under the
air' I Sr > [Early mod. E.
cier. aire, eire. oyer, etjer, ayre, eyre,
ME.
ni/re, also aer (after bring into public notice as, to air one's views. direct rays of the sim. See sun-bath.
Airinn a snowy hand and signet gem.
:
2. An
L.), < arrangement for drying substances by exposing
'Tennyson, Princess, i.
aier. eyr. eir, < OF. air, F. air, the air, breath, them to air of any desired temperature.
Tvind, Pr. air, aire = Sp. aire Pg. ar It. = = = 3. To expose to heat ; warm as, to air linen ; to :

bed made by inflating A

aere, aire, now commonly aria, all in the physi- oir liquors.
4. refl. To expose (one's self) to air-bed
(ar'bed), n.
au air-tiglit lied-shaped bag with air.
cal sense; < L. aer, < Gr. ar/p (aep-), air, mist, the air.
my native fields. Lamb, Eli-X air-bladder (ar'blad"er), n. 1. A vesicle in an
< aetv, breathe, blow. prob. akin to E. wind, To go and air mysel/in
my pleasure to walk forth.
organic body filled with air.
q. V. See air- and ir3, ult. identical with oirl, It is
The pulmonary artery and vein pass along the surfaces
And air myself a little.
but separated in seuse and in time of intro- Middleton, Cliaste Maid, ii. 2. an infinite number of ramifications.
of Uiese air-bladders iu
duction.] 1. The respirable fluid which sm-- Arbuthnot, Aliments.
rounds the earth and forms its atmosphere. n. in trans. To take the air.
she went airinff every day.
2. In iehth.. the sound or swim-bladder; asjan-
It is irioilorous. inrisible, insipid, colorless, eliistic, pos- metrical bladder or sacfilled ^-ith air, generally
,Vi*-i' Mit/ord, Our A'illage, 2d ser., 317.
sessed of ^.Tavity, easily laoved, rarefied, and condensed,
essential to respiration and combustion, and is the medium [First in mod. E. (end of situated lUrectly imderthe vertebrttl coluum in
air- (ar), n. Itith cen-
of sound, it is composed by volume of 21 piu'ts of oxygen front, and homologous with the lungs of air-
OF. aire, natui'e, disposition,
tui'y); < F. air,
and 7i* of nitrogen ; by weight, of 23 of oxygen and 77 of breathing animals, its principal function is the regu-
nitrogen. These gases are not chemically united, but are manner, mien, air, = Pr. aire = It. oirc, aerc, laliuiuif llieeiiuilibriumof the body. It is either connected
mixed mechanically. Air contains also Yiho of carbon now aria, manner, mien, countenance; <i word by a tube with the intestinal canal, as in the physostomous
dioxid, some aqueous vapor, about one per cent, of argon. of disputed origin, prob. the same as OF. air, lishes, or shut otf from all comniuiiicatlou with it, as in the
and small varjiug amounts of animoiiia, nitric acid, ozone, Pr. air, aire, E. air^, the atmosphere (cf. atmo- physoclistuiis fishes. It is subject to great variation iu
and org-anic matter. The specific gravity of the air at 32' F. form, and is liable to atrophy or complete abortion in
is to that of water as 1 to 773, and loO cubic inches at mean
sphere in similar uses) : see a(>l and OH-s.] 1. species allied to such as have It well developed.
temperature and pressure weigh ;i0.i grains. When air is in- The peculiar look, appearance, and bearing of air-blast (ar'blast), n. stream or cm-rent of A
haled into the linigs oxygen issepaiatedfrom tiie nitrogen, a person : as, the air of a youth ; a graceful air; air imdcr pressure; specifically, such a stream
and, uniting with the carbon in the Itlood, is expelled as car- a lofty oj'r.
bon dioxid it tlius serves to purify the blood and ftu-iii.shes used to urge fires in forges or to assist combus-
Then returned to my side,
;
and strolled along with tion iu fiu-uaces.
the IhmIv with heat. By the ancient philosophers air was
.

the iV of a citizen of the place pointing out the objects

. .
When heated it is called a hot
considered one of the four elements of all things, and this blast ; when at normal temperature, a cold blast. Air-
view was maintained until comparatively recent times. of interest to a stranger.
blasts are also used to perform certain kinds of light work,
C. D. Warner, Roundabout Journey, xiv.
The greate house, formerly the Duke of Buckingham's, as sepiirating hairs and dust from fur In hat-making, re-
a spacii'US and excellent place for the extent of ground, 2. The general character or complexion of mo\ing dost or chaff In grinding, sawing, etc., ami picking
and situation in a good aire. Erelijn, Diary, Jan. 15, 1679. anything ; appearance ; semblance. up pajier ainl light materials.
The health of the mental and bodily functions, the Too gl-eat liberties taken [in translation] in varying air-bone (ar'bon), n. bone having a large A
spirit,temper, disposition, the correctness of the judg- either the expression or comiiosition, in order to give a cavity lilled with air, as in bh-ds. Owen. Spe-
ment, and brilliancy of the imagination, depend directly new aiV to the whole, will be apt to have a very bad elfect. citically, the atmosteon (which see).
upon pure air. Iluxley and Youmaiix, Physiol., 395. Bp. Loietb, On Isaiah. air-box (ar'boks), 11. 1. ventilating flue; A
2. In old chcm., gas: still iu use in this sense in As it was communicated with the air of a secret, it soon specifically, a wooden tube or box used to con-
foundrie8andmachine-shops,especially for such found its way into the world. Tope, Ded. of K. of the L.
vey air to a mine for ventilation. 2. fiiio A
gases as are mingled with air or fomied from 3. pi. Affected manner; manifestation of x'ride used to supply air to a fui'nace, either (a) to
it,as the gases from a furnace, in distinction or vanity ; assumed haughtiness chiefly in the ])romote combustion, or (i) to bo heated in
:

from this use, common air is often called almoKpheric air. phrases to put on airs, to give one's self airs. order to warm ajiartraents. 3. chamber at A
3. A movement of the atmosphere; a light Mrs. Crackenlmry read the paragraph in bitterness of the rear of the fire-box of a fiu'nace to su]i]>ly
breeze: usually in tho plural. spirit, and discinirsed to her followers about the airs air for the more comiiU'te combustion of the
which that woman w.as yivinff hersel/.
The summer airs blow cool. Tennyson, May Queen, ii. Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Ixviii.
gases disengaged from tho fuel.
4. Utterance abroad; publication; publicity. And the tiueen of the hoopoes c/atse herself airs, and sat air-brake (iir'brak), . A system of continuous
Vou gave it air liefore me. DrijiUn.
dowu upon a twig and she refused to speak to the mc- railway-brakes operated by compressed air.
;

rops her cousin, and the other birds who had been her The air is compressed by a punn) upon the locomotive,
Hence 5t. Intelligence; information; adrice. friends, because they
It.
were but vulgar birds.
Curzon, Mouast. in the Levant, p. 136.
and conveyed, through pipes beneath the cars and llexible
hose between them, to cylinders under each car. The
grew from the airtt which the princes and states
It pistons of the cylinders are connected with and move the
abroad received from their ambassadors and agents here. 4t. pi. The artificial motions or carriage of a iirake-levers, wlilch transmit pressure to the b'rake-sliocs.
Bacon, HLst. Hen. VII. horse. 5. In paintinij, that which expresses Sec raeitvui-bratir.
6. The graphic representation, as in a. painting, action, mannei', gesture, or attitude. air-braving (ar'bra"ving), a. Breasting or de-
of the effect of the atmospheric medium tlirougli air-'(ar), )i. [First in mod. E. (end of IGth cen- fying the air or wind.
which natural objects are viewed. 7. In the tury); < F. nir, a tune, .sound, or air in music, stately and air-braviny towers.
(ir. (.'Ii., a very thin veil sprea<l over both the < It. (lerr, aire, now (iri<i (> Sp. Pg. ana, E. aria, Shak., 1 Hen. VI:, iv. 2.
paten and the chalice, iu addition to the paten q. v.); pi'ol). identical (through acre, aire, aria, air-breather (iir'bre"TH^r), . An animal
and chalice veils. Al.so called ncphele. manner, E. air-; cf. L. modus, manner, mode, which bleat lies air; specifically, a marine ani-
Tile third (chalice veil] is called . . . i'r. because, as the musical mode, melody) with aere, aire, aria, K. mal breathing out of water by means of lungs,
*lr iirrouiids the earth, so does this surround tlie hcily airl.] 1. In music: (a) A rhythmical melody; instead of under water by means of gills.
KlftA. name, air, has found its way into our own
, . . Thi.4 a tune consisting of single successive notes air-brick (ar'lirik), n. i. A brick perforated
Church, through Bishop Andrewes, and the divines of his
divided into groups wliich, in duvatinii, have <ir willi (1)1011 sides, to permit tlie tlow of air
time, who (esi>ecially Wren) were well verseil in tile East-
ern LIturKtes. J. if. Seale, Eastern Church, 1. SliO, note. some definite I'atio to one anulhoi', ri'ciigiii/.nlili' through il fur jmrposes of veiitiliilioii. 2.
Depbloglstlcated air, in oU dirm., oxygen: so called
by tho ear. (/() A
song or jiicec of |i(H'ti'y I'lir A
metal biix of tlie size of a brick, with grated
fntiii till.- iiiitioii that it was ordinary air deprived of plilo. singing: as, the air^ "Sound an Alarm." (c) sides for tho jiassago of air. See air-gratintj.
Biti.ii (ulilili see). Fixed alP, the name given by Dr. The soprano part in a liannonized jiiece of air-bridge (iir'bri.j), n. tuniace-bridgo so A
JA4-pli Itlark of Ivlinliiirgli to ciirboiiic-acld gas on Ills
illicoveryuritin 17.'>1, bciaiise itw.n found in solid bodies.
music. Also called aria. 2. Any pifi'c nf
constructed as to admit air to tho gases pass-
Hf ' ""''"> poetry. [Kare.] ing over it, to facilitate their comliustion. See
Oround-alr, alrini liiseilinporoussurfacc-
^'l' ire or ground-water. Like ground- The repeated air liridijc.
*!' Of sad Electra's poet. .Milton, Sonnets,
irili-d as an ImiHirtaiit factor in de- III.
n.air-brush (ar'bmsh),
All iitotiiizer used l)y
t*'f' ''iiililloii of a localilv. CrouiHl-alr National air, in music, a popular tune peculiar to or artists I'lirdistribiiting liquid pigment upon any
111 I'.iT'iinetric ireK.suri', ami with the Con- of a particular nation; specillcally, that
cliarai'terlstic
di' ittiri- and the rise and fall of groiilid-wa-
surface: inveiited by Liberty Walkii)!. It coii-
tune which by national selection or coimelit is usually
slsts of an alr-iiiiiiip, reservoir, iiiid biindpiece by which
l* '

'"I In riri-lllation Hyiiigiilioilt frolnone

; sung or played on certain public occasions, as " (bid Save
the pigment Is fed into a jet ot air and ilisi ributed in dot,
*' '.' rally felt or aiilii'ipaled as, there : the Queen" in England. "The Stsr-Spanglcil Banner" in
"- 'iiV; It Is in /A'' inr that he can- " line, or tihiiilow lit the will of tho operator,
' ihc I'lilled .stales, the .Mai."eillale " 111 Kralice, the
't

a'
'

it fniiTidaliiin or :ii-tii:iltfv; vision- "Emperor's Ilymii " in Austria, etc. air-bucket (iir'liuk'et), . water-wheel A
("
' !. in llir tiif I
' , ,

,iir
air'H (ar), V. t. [< air'i, .] To set to music, liucket. SCI const nieteil as to permit tho unim-
\lilit., Ill an ,1

l-'or not a droji that Hows from Helicon licdoil out lluw of till' air displaced by the water
'I' |.,l.l.-of iicilM il:
'" ililt atfrril bv thee grows slreigltt Into a song. MS it riilrrs the buckc>t.
I ,e..l li. the ! 11 iMi.K ! till-
./. rolih, Prefix to Lawess Ayres and Dialogues (1653).
' Liquid air. H<<: lime/nrliim nf air-buffer liir'buf'er), h. Same as air-soring.
" KcBldual air, tbc nir which air't, . Same as airy-, aery^. air-bug (lu'lmg), n. Any heteroiiterous lieniip-
'
'
r, ,..! Il, expelled. \arl'iin.h i-,li

Inchen Almiiiilli dm/, ;./. .

air'' (i~ir), adv. and a. [Also written car: =
leroiiH insect of Iho division dcocores (land-
''' !;. ere, < AH. r, rarely used as an uilj., cmii- bugs) or of the .Inrocores.
- I'.lnl. To bat tho air.
,;
. lie dlvulgid; b. Miiidi' |iiib- inon as a jirep. and adv.; 800 ere and carli/.] air-built (rn'liilt). a. Ei'ccli'd in the air; hav-
'
'"
To tako tbo air, to go Early. [.Scotch.] ing nil solid roiiiidatioii chiiiierical: as, an air- ;
.ll.l.illie.
An air wlnttr's n siilr winter. ,'<rolch prufrrh. /iiit/f enstlr ; air-built hopes.
'.'.lolpbllia. Iinilwllbllinl hill ml Aira (a'ril), H. [Nl>., )rop. 'ara, < (ir. nJ/io. n A caisson or air- air-camel (iii'kiuii'cl). n.
'r aire In Hyde I'lirk wlirrf wji^
/../., HI'", ily I, ll:i.
kind of darnel, jiroli. or alongsideof vessels,
I.olium teinnlenluni (liiii- ojiiiiiilier placed beiii'iith

(;' Li,. I,
,iii;oiily
nieuH).] A RenuK of Hleuder ihtciiiiIiiI gruHHCs to diniiiiish IheirilrafI and enalilc them to pass

.11 III. - i.enl.rr-d of tcmpcrntopejfioiiH, inoKlly (it little value. The over shalliiw spots or obsl met ions, and also
Jj'y
iiinri- eoininon Hpecies lire known as hair-gniHK. used ill raising sniiki'ii vessels.
*''' i'l'l. I).; frfiiii thonniiii.) alrablettiir'n-bl), fl. [< air^', c, +-'<//'.] Suit- air -cane (iir'kiin), . A walking-stick having
I. ' i I.. 11,.- nir- o -M II. f,, |.
Minijf. Iloinll, an air-gun conci'aled within it,

air-carbureter
air-carbureter (ai'kar"iiu-ict-(T), . Aii ap-
jianitiis ill wliifh air is passed through or over
the surface of liquid hydrocarlious, and thus
liecomes charged with iiitlammable vapor.
Sei' iiits-iiiuchiiic.
air-casing (ar'ka"sing), . An air-tight easing
of sheet-iron placed around a pipe to prevent
undue transmission of heat or cold specitieally,
; for checking the recoil of heavy guns by means
the casing placed aroand the base of the funnel
or smoke-stack of a steamship, to prevent too
gi'eat a transmission of heat to the deck.
air-castle (ar'kas'l), . A castle in the air; a
day-dream a visionary scheme. See castle.
; around t he external foundation-walls of a build- the l)all-float descends, opens the valve, and permits the
Aih'c'iituns, tiimii]ilis of strenj^th ami skill these fur-
nisl)sultjfit Miutti.T lur the talk of the uncivilized man
ami tile aii-ca-'<llcs of the youth.
//. Spencer, Priii. of Psychol., 4S2.
air-cavity (Sr'kav"i-ti), n. A cavity contain-
ing air specifically, such a cavity occurring in
;
the liody or bones of an animal; a large air-
sac or pueumatocyst of a bird.
In the latter case, air-cavltiea take the place of the
medulla, which disappeai's, and so diminish permanently
the specific gravity of the animal.
Get/enbaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 573.
air-cell (ar'sel), n. 1. In hot., one of the cav-
ities in the leaves, stems, or other parts of
plants, containing air. They are
well seen in the bladders <)f seaweeds, and
are found in other aquatic plants, which
they serve to float.
2. In(jHa*.andro67., a definite cir-
cumscribed cavity in the body,
containing atmospheric air in-
haled through air-passages which
place it in direct communication
with the outer air. The term is used
^ nieation of the air-bladder with the intestinal of air compressed in a close vessel and made to
.
^^^
for any such cavity, without reference to weed^lar^" jjKwi
the technical meaning of cell {which see), uutgare).
An air-cell is generally of small size, if
not microscopic, as one of those in lung-tissue but it
sometimes forms a great space or inflatable inclosed area,
;
as the air-cells of birds, and is then also called air-space,
air-receptacle, or piieuinatocyst. Specifically
() One of
the small hemispherical saccules which beset the walls of
tile alveolar passages and infundilmla of the lungs.
called alceolua. (6) One of the dilatations of the trachea
Also
or air-tul)e in insects forming the respiratory apparatus,
(c) In ornith., a pneuraatocyst any one of tlie extra-pul-
;
mouary cavities of the body of a bird, containing air, which
are continuous with one another and with one or more of
the bronchial tubes. See pyieumatocyst.
air-chamber (ar ' cham " ber), n. 1. large A chise, and might fulfil the functions of bail, witness, etc. warfiied.
cavity in an organic body containing air.
2. A
compartment of a hydraulic engine or
apparatus, as a pump, interposed
between and connected with the
supply- and delivery-passages, and
containing air which by its elas-
ticity equalizes the iiressnre and
flow of the fluids. Thus, in a recipro-
cating force-pump, the impulse given to
the fluid by the delivery-stroke compresses
the air in the air-chamber, and this com-
pressed air reacts upon the outflowing fluid
to continue its motion during the reverse
stroke, or during those intervals when the
force inijjiiited falls below the average or
Air-chamber, normal amomit. The pressure and flow are
thus made practically uniform, notwith-
standing the intermittent or variable action of the force.
For some special forms, see air-resscl.
3. Any compartment or chamber designed to
contain air: as, the air-cliamher of a life-boat.
air-chambered (ar'cham'berd), a. Fm-nished
with an air-chamber or with air-chambers.
was air-chambered and buoyant.
It [the life-boat]
Kane, Sec. Grinn. E.xp., I. 49.
air-cock (ar'kok), n. A
cock used to control
the admission or outflow of air. See eof/."l, 8.
air-compressor (ar'kom-pres"or), . A ma-
chine for condensing air, usually in the form of
a force-pump. See compressor.
air-cone (ar'kon), . A cone in a marine en-
gine designed to receive air and steam from
the hot-well, and carry them ofi:' through a
pipe at the top.
air-cooler (ar'ko"ler), . Any appliance for
lowering the temperature of the air, as in hos-
pitals, dvrellings, and theaters. A common form
consists of chambers filled with ice, or fitted with screens
of light fabric kept constantly wet with cooling liquids,
through which a current of air is forced. See refritjerat-
inft-cltamber, under refrigerate.
air-course (ar'kors), . A passage in a mine
made or used for ventilating pm-poses an air- ;
way.
air-crossing (ar'kr6s"ing), n. A passageway
or bridge constructed to carry one air-eom'se
over another, as in the ventilation of coal-mines.
air-cushion (ar'kush"on), n. 1. A bag made
of an air-tight fabric used when inflated with
air as a cusliion for a seat.
2. Same as air-
bap. 3. A
ball or cylinder (usually of india-
rubber) filled with air and placed in a water-pipe,
123 air-heading
to act as a cushion for the water, or to receive air-equalizer (!lr'e"kwal-i-zer), 11. device for A
the jiressure or shock caused by a sudden stop- distributing a em'rent of air equally throughout
page of its flow, or by the e-xpansion of the its working-space.
water in freezing. 4. Same as air-spring or airer (ar'er), . [< air'^, v., -eri.] 1. One +
jiiK'iiiiKilic spritKj. who airs or exposes to the air. 2. screen A
air-cylinder (ar'sil"in-der), n. In ipin., a de- for (hying clothes, etc.
vice consisting of a cylinder and piston, used air-escape (ai-'es-kap"), ". An air-trap for the
(si',-i,|ie of ail' vvliich collects in the upper bends
of the elasticity of atmospheric air confined of water-pipes and in other hydi'aulic apparatus.
within it a pneumatic buffer.
;
The usual lorm is that of a ball-cock (which see) inclosed
in a chamber situateil at the point at which the air is to
air-dew (Sir'du), n. Manna. [Rare.] be withdrawn, and so adjusted that as the water-level
air-drain (iir'tlr-an), n. 1. An empty space left within is lowered by the pressure of the accumulated air
ing to prevent the earth from lying against air to escape the water then rising buoys up the float ;
them and thus causing dampness. 2. In moid-
and closes the valve.
air-exhauster (ar'eg-zas"ter), n. 1. Same as
incj. a large passage for the escape of gases
from heavy eastings while in the mold.
nir-cscapc.
2. Any apparatus, as an air-pump,
exhaust-fan, suction-blower, or steam-jet, used
air-drawn (ar'drau), o. Drawn or depicted in for withcb'awing air from an inclosed place, for
the air: ii^, "the air-drawn dagger," Shak.,
ventilation or for the creation of a vacuum.
Macbeth, iii. 4. See air-pump, blower, fan, and ventilator.
air-dried (iir'drid), o. Dried by or in the air: stop-cock for let- A
air-faucet (ar'fa"set), n.
applied to fruits and materials from which
ting air out or in.
moistm'e has been removed by exposure to
currents of air under natural atmospheric con-
air-filter (ar'fil"ter), n. An apparatus for ex-
tracting dust, smoke, microscopic germs, etc.,
ditions.
from the air. It consists of screens or strainers of
air-drill (ar'dril), H. A
rock-drill di'iven by woven-wire fabrics, gun-cotton, asbestos, slag-wool, or
comjiressed air, as distinguished fi'om a drill other flocculent material, through which the air is drawn ;
driven bj- steam. See rock-drill. or of showei-s, sprays, or films of water or chemical solu-
A
drnm-shaped cham- tions, through or over which the air to be filtered passes.
air-drum (.ar'drum), II. Air-filters are used in the ventilation of buildings and rail-
ber or reservoir for air; specifically, in ornith., road-cars, in physical research, in surgery, and in the re-
a large lateral cervical pueumatocyst. covery of l>y-products in manufactures.
A
conduit for air. See air-
The great air-druma of our pinnated grouse and cock- air-flue (ar'flo), n.
of-thf-plains. Coues, Key to K. A. Birds, p. 200. lio.c, air-funnel, and air-pipe.
air-duct (ar'dukt), n. duct or passage con- air-fountain (ar'fouu"t,an), n. An apparatus
A
veying air; .specifically, in iclitli.. the cortimu- for producing a jet of water by the elastic force
canal. It is persistent in physostomous, tem- act on the surface of the water to be raised.
porary in physoclistous, fishes. air-funnel (ar'fun"el), n. In .ship-building, a
flue formed by the omission of a timber in the
aire^t, An old form of aery^.
aire'- (i're; mod. pron. ar), n. [Ir., pi. airig; ui^per works of a vessel, and designed to pro-
ef. nireacli, a noble, a privileged person.] In mote the ventilation of the hold.
Irish aiitiq., a freeman; a gentleman; one of air-furnace (ar'fer'nas), n. 1. reverbera- A
the privileged classes. Ajreswere of two classes: (a) tory furnace (which see, imder furnace). 2.
the rfa^/w, or those who possessed property in land and An air-heating ftu'uace for wanning apart-
;
(&) the bo-aires, w'ho possessed cows and other chattels. ments. Air is led into a space formed between an outer
The king was elected by these tw^o classes. casing and the sides of a tire-pot and combustion-cham-
Clansmen who possessed twenty-one cows and upwards ber, and, after becoming heated by contact with the walls
were airig (sing, aire), or, as we should say, had the fran- of the latter, flows to the apartments which are to be
See air-stove, furnace, and heater.
Encyc. Brit., XIII. 257. air-gage (ar'gaj), n. An instrument for indi-
The upper classes were all aires. To be eligible to the cating the pressui'e of air or gases, it consists at
aire grade, the freeman should possess, besides a certain a glass tutie of uniform caliber, closed at the top and hav-
amount of wealth in cattle, a prescribed assortment of ing its lower end dipi'cd into a cup of mercury on the sur-
agricultural implements and household goods. face of which tile air or gas presses, thus forcing mercury
EtKyc. Brit., IV. 252. into the tube, and ccmipressing the air within it to an
amount directly proportioned to the pressure. This pres-
air-endway (ar'end"wa), n. A roadway or sure can be read from a scale attached to the tube, the
level driven into a coal-seam parallel with a zero of the scale being usually placed at the upper sur-
main level, used chiefly for purposes of venti- face of the mercurial column w^hen the instrument is ex-
lation. Grcsleji. [Eng.] posed to the ordinary atmospheric pressure. Also called
air-engine (ar'en'''jin), . A motor employing air-inaiwuieter.
An inflammable illuminat-
expanded by heat. air-gas (ar'gas),
n.
(a) the elastic force of air
ing gas made by charging ordinary atmospheric
air with the vapors of petrolemn, naphtha, or
some' similar substance, as the hydrocarbon
called gasolene.
air-gate (ar'gat), H. 1. An underground road-
way in a coal-mine, used chiefly for ventilation.
[Eng. Midland coal-fields.]
2. In molding, a.ii
orifice through which the displaced air and the
gases which are formed escape from the mold
while the molten matter is filling it.
air-gossamer (ar'gos"a-mer), n. Same as air-
thrriid.
air-governor (ar'guv'er-nor), n. A device, at-
tached to pnetuuatic apparatus and machinery,
for regulating the pressure or delivery of air.
air-grating (ar'grating), H. A grating pro-
tecting or fonniug a ventilating orifice in a
wall or partition. See air-brick.
air-gun (ar'gun), . A gun in which condensed
air is used as the propelling agent. The bore of the
barrel is connected with a reservoir inclosed mthin or at-
tached without the stock, into which air is forced by a
piston or plimger fitted to the bore, or by au independent
Air-gun.
Ericsson's Hot-air Puniping-engine.
a. beam ; *, air-piston ; c. transfer-piston ; d, cylinder ; J. air-piston condenser. "VVhen the trigger is pulled it operates a valve
link ; t: bell-crank ; .'. side-rods ; p, transfer-piston rod ; r. pump ; s, which permits tlie sudden e-scape of the whole or of a por-
air-chamber; vacuum-chamber; , gas-furnace; v, gas-bumeis;
TV, gas-chamber
r,
; -v, water-jacket tion of the condensed" air into the barrel at the rear of
tile ball or dart, thus i)rojecting the latter. In some
or (b) air compressed by means of another and forms the propelling agent is a compressed spring freed
by the trigger. The reactive force of the spring com-
separate motor, called a compressor, which is presses the air tvhich interposes between it and the pro-
generally a steam-engine. .Machine-drills, in min- jectile, and the air acts upon and projects the ball.
ing, are generally run by compressed-air engines, the com-
pressor being located at the surface, and the air-engines
air-heading (ar'hed "ing), m. Anexcavation in
distribute. 1 underground, at the v;irious points where
a mine through which air is made to pass for
their work is required. ventilation.
 air-hoist
air-hoist (ar'hoist), H. Hoisting machinery op-
erated by compressed air, or by the creation of
a partial vacuum, it consists of a cylinder fitted with
a piiton, which is connecit d by ropes passing over pulleys
with the platform ..f the h 'ist. See elerator and hoi^.
air-holder (ar'hol dcr). . 1. A vessel for hold-
ing air for any pmpose, as for counteracting
the pressure of a decreasing column of mercury,
or for keeping up a moderate and steady cur-
rent of air. See airometer, air-vessel, and gas-
holder. 2i. A gasometer.
air-hole (ar'hol), n. 1. An opening to admit
or discharge air. 2. In founding, a fault in a
casting, causedby a bubble of air which passes
from die core outward, and is retained in the
metaL Also called blour-hole. 3. A natural
ope ning in the frozen surface of a river or pond,
caused by currents or springs.
airie't (ar'i), a. An old spelling of ai>i/l.
airie-t (ar'i), n. An old spelling of aery-.
airified (ar'i-fid), a. [< "airify, make airy (<
airi \air-) + -fy), + -frf2.] Fashioned in an airy
manner; characterized by the assumption of
airs: as, an airified style. [Contemptuous or
sU^lhting.]
airily (ar'i-li), adi. \<.airy^ -ly"."] 1. In an +
airy or gay manner; gaily; jaimtily.
Fanny bade her father good-night, and whisked off
airily. Dickeits, Little Borrit.

2. Lightly; delicately: as, airily wrought de-

tail.s.
airiness (ar'i-nes), n. 1. Exposure to a free
current of air; openness to the air: as, the air-
iness ot a country-seat.
2. UnsubstantiaUty,
like that of air.
3. Delicacy and lightness;
ethereality.
4. Sprightliness of motion or
manner; gaiety; jauntiness; vanity; affecta-
tion: as, the nirit'.s of young persons.
airing (ar'ing), n. [Verbal n. of nirl, r.] 1. An
e.fliijsure to the air, or to a fire, for drying or

warming. 2. Exercise in or exposure to the
open air; an excursion for the purpose of tak-
ing the air.
All the virtaes seemed to have come out fur an airing
In one chariot. ilulley, Dutch Republic, III. 534.

airing-stage (ar'ing-staj), n. A stage or plat-

form uiou which materials are placed to be
airi'lor ilried: as, the airing-stage upon which
powder is dried.
air-injector (ar'in-jek'tor), n. simple blow- A
ing device, used with a dental drill or employed
for removing dust from the path of a fine saw.
airisadt, ainsardt, . Same as arisad.
airisht (ar'i-sli), . [IIE. ayrisshe, ayerissli,
etc. < oi>l -t- -ia/il."'
; 1. Of or belonging to
the air; aerial.
And beheld the ayerigshe beates.
Chaucer, House of Fame, 1. 965.
2. Cool; fresh.
Tli'-mundugesareairMA. Z(<(, Farming, p. 18. (!f.E.D.)
air-jacket (ar'jak'et), n. A jacket inflated with
air, or to which liladders filled with air are fas-
t>iiid, to render the wearer buoyant in water.
airless (Sr'les), a. [< ai>l "-fcss.] 1. Not +
open to a free current of air; wanting fresh air
or communication with open air. 2. Without
air; devoid of atmosphere.
UnvAtLiv as the lifeless, airUss moon.
Harper' H Afag.,LXV. 73.
air-level (Sr'lev'el), . A name sometimes
>,'iv.ii to u Mpirit-leve! (which see).

air-line (iir'liri), II. and fl. I. n. Alineasdirect

II.H tliougli drawn or stretched through the air;
a iH'f-line.
n. . Straight or direct as a lino in the air;
noti|iil.-.i. .1 I I. 'rally: as, an air-jint' railroad.
alrlini; . . [<a<rl-^-^<nJ7l.] Athought-
ll's.K,

llk'lil airliniiM, will lie won

U. Junion, Catllliic, I. 3.
''
*'' III iiir-tight cliainber in u
'
lorisarei'iirriedoii under
liv (iiiu door with llic
111 "iitrance-Hliaft of the
I'por with the chainln ix
'
I
which the nil :ii'. II hi
,lllt<-
.11 1.
 ; ; ;

air-tube 12.5 ajutage

air-tube (ar'tub), n. 1. In ro67. a name given , T hold ambition of so airy and light a quality, that it is earlier *eyei, < AS. "effei, a prob. var. of iget
but a shadow's shadow. Shak., Hamlet, ii.
to certain horny passages for air in the abdo- 2.
(found once in the AS. Charters), an ait, another
men of some aquatic insects. 2. KaxL, a small 5. Visionary; sjjcculative as, aj-j/ notions an
: ; foftn of the reg. (W. Saxon) igoih, also spelled
iron tube filled with water and hung in a coal- airy metaphysician.
6. Graceful delicate. ; irjeoth, ii/fioth, if/gath {*egath not found), an
box in the coal-bunkers of a steamship as a K'en the slight hare-bell raised its head, island, with suflfix -oth, -ath, here appar. dim.,
means of ascertaining the temperjitm'e of the Elastic from her airy tread- < lij, var. eg, an island, found in mod. E. only
Scott, L. of the L., 18.
coal. The temperature of the water is taken Ity means i.
as the first element of i-land, now spelled im-
of a thei-inonietcr. Its use is a precaution against tile Here delicate snow-stars, out of the cloud, prop. island, and as the final element (_-ey, -ea,
sptjntaneous cunil)ustion of tlie coal. Come floating downward in airy play.
Bryant, Snow-.Shower. -y) in certain place-names: see island a.ndey^.']
3. The tube
an atmospheric railway, as the
of
jineumatie tube (which see, under tube). 7. Light in manner or movement ; spriglitly
A small island in a river or lake.
(ar'tum'blfer), That which gay; lively. Fog up the river, where it flows among green aits and
air-tumbler .
meadows.
saddens the heart to see a man, from whom nature? Dicketu.
tumbles through the air ; speeifically, a kind of It

pigeon. has withhehl all perception of the tones and attitudes of

humour, labouring with all his might to be airy and pljiy-
aitch (aeh), re. A modem spelling of the name
Mr. Brent, however, liad an Air-Tumbler . . . which ful. Giford, Ford's Plays, int., p. xl'v.
of the letter H: formerly written ache. See H.
had in botli wings eleven primaries. aitchbone (aeh'bon), re. [Written and pron. va-
JJarwin, Vur. of Animals and Plants, p. 167. Chaucer works still in the solid material of his race, but
with what airy lightness has he not infused it? riously, aitch-, II-, ach-, each-, edge-, ash-, ische-,
air-valve (ar'valv), . In general, a valve de- Lowell, .Study Windows, p. 252. ise-, ize-, ice-bone, etc., and even turned into
signed to control the flow of air. Specifically haunch-, hook-, ridge-hone, etc., all being cor-
1. A valve placed upon a steam-boiler to ad-
8. Jaunty; full of airs; affectedly lofty ; preten-
tious. 9. In 2>Mtinr/, showing that proper re-
ruptions or erroneous explanations of the
mit air, and thus prevent the formation of a misunderstood or not-understood original ME.
cession of all parts which expresses distance
vacuum by the condensation of steam within nachc-boiie, < nache (< OF. nache, nage, the but-
when the boiler is cooling ofi', and the conse- and atmosphere. = Syn. Airy, Aerial, aeriform. Airy
is more open to figurative meanings than aerial. The latter
tock, < ML. *natica, < L. nalis, buttock) hone''. -I-
quent tendency to collapse. 2. Avalve placed is the more exact word in other respects it applies to the
;
The n was early lost, as in adder' hence
initial ;

at bends and summits of water-pipes, etc., for air as atmosphere: as, aUrial navigation. Airy apiilies the form ach-, hach-bone, etc.] Tlie bone of the
the outflow of air, as when the pipes are being rather to air in motion, and to that which has the quali-
buttock or rump in cattle the cut of beef which ;
or imagined, of air.
ties, literal
filled, and for the ingress of air to prevent the includes this bone.
Echo's no more an empty airif sound;
formation of a vacuum when the water is drawn But a fair nympli that weeps'her lover drowu'd. Kerve up the ilesh ther up to the hach-hone.
out. Dryden, Art of Poetry, iiL 598. Book of at. Albans (1486).
air-vesicle (ar'ves"i-kl), n. 1. In entom., a We have already discovered the art of coasting along aitchpiece (aeh'pes), the name of the
. [< aitch,
dilatation of the trachea of certain insects, the aerial shores of our planet, by means of balloons.
letter //, -I- piece.] A part of a plunger or force-
which enables them to change their specific Irviny, Knickerbocker, p. 77.
pump by which the water is forced into the
gravity by filling the trachea with or emptying airy^t (ar'i), . An old and better spelling of stand-pipe throughthe door-piece. AlsoH-piece.
it of air. 2. In ichth., a vesicle containing air, aery".
aith (ath), re. Scotch form of oath.
connected with the swim-bladder and also with airV'^ (ar'i), .. A provincial form of area. aitiology (a-ti-ol'o-ji), re. Another spelling,
the ear-parts. aisle (il), re. [< ME. ele, hele, eille, eyle, ille, ylle,
nearer the Greek, of (etiology.
air-vessel (ar'ves'el), (. 1. An air-chamber or He, yle, whence in early mod. E. isle, and even aits (iits), re. Scotch form of oats.
air-holder, especially one which serves as a res- yland (see ile'^, islc^), by confusion -with ME. He,
aiver (a'ver), re. Scotch form of aver^, a work-
ervoir of air in certain machines, as in carbu- yle, later corruptly isle (see ile^, isle''-), < OF. ele, hor.se.
reters.
2. The air-chamber of certain pumps. eele, ale, later aelle, aile (whence the mod. E.
speUing aile, recently spelled -with s, aisle, after Aix (aks), re. [NL., < Gr. ajf (oij--), a water-
In the feed-pumps of a steam-boiler an air-vessel is used
bird, appar. of the goose kind; prop, a goat.]
which serves both to equalize the flow of the water and to isle'^, isfel, as above), aisle, wing of a church, <
collect from it tlie free air which is an active agent in the
L. dla, a wing, -wing of a building, upper end
A genus of fresh-water ducks, of the family
coiTosion of l)oilers. In pumping-engines working against AnatidcB and subfamily Anatince, noted for the
considerable heads and into long rising mains, such air- of the arm, a contr. of *axula, *axla, dim. (dou- elegance of their plumage. It includes the cele-
vessels are made of great size to insure steady llow. ble dim. axilla: see axil) of axis: see ala, axis, brated mandarin-duck of China, A. nalericiUata, and the
3. In anat and zool., a cavity of the body re- axle. The s in aisle, isW^ is thus unoriginal the ; beautiful wood-duck or summer duck of North America,
ceiving, containing, or conveying atmospheric pronunciation has remained true to the proper A. sponsa. Also written -ar.
air an air-tube, air-cell, or air-chamber espe-
; historical speUing ile.l Properly, a lateral sub-
;
Aix beds. See bed.
cially, a respiratory passage, as the windpipe of division of a church, parallel to the nave, aizle (a'zl or e'zl), re. Scotch form of isle^.
a vertebrate or the trachea of an insect. choir, or transept, from which it is divided by ajaia, ajaja, . See aiaia.
Also called air-reservoir. piers or columns, and often sunnounted by a ajarl (a-jar'), prep. phr. as adv. or a. [< a^
airward, airwards (ar'wiird, -wardz), adv. [< gallery. The term is also improperly applied to the cen- +jar''-, discord.] Out of harmony; jarring.
aifl + -ward, -wards.'] Up into the air up- tral or main divisijn as, a t\\i-i;e-aisled church, that is, a
;
:
Any accident . . . that puts an individual ajar with the
with a nave and two aisles. It is also used to des-
ward: as, "soar airwards again," Thackeray, chinch world. Hawthorne, Marble Faun, I. xiii.

Shabby-Genteel Story, iv. ajar- (a-jar'), pirep. jihr. as adv. or a. [<ME.

air-washings (ar'wosh"ingz), n. pi. Any fluid on char, ajar, lit. on the turn rare as applied ;

in which air has been washed, or the residue left to a door, but common in other senses on, :

after the evaporation of such fluid. The process of prep.,_on; char, cherre, etc., a tm-n, time, piece
washing consists either in causing air to bubble slowly
through the fluid, or in agitating a confined volume of air
of work, etc. see o3 and jar^ : char^. The =
change of ME. ch to E. _/ is very rare it appears ;
with the The air in eithercase gives up to the fluid the
tluid.
dust, spores, and other foreign substances suspended in it. also in joicl and jau; q. v.] On the turn; nei-
In several cases, the air-washinfrs which were under ex-
ther quite open nor shut partly opened said ; :

amination gave a distinct, clear, green coloration in place of a door.

of the characteristic yellowish-brown precipitate pro- Leave the door ajar
duced by ammonia. Science, III. 463. WTien he goes wistful by at dinner-time.
Browning, Ring and Book, I. 129.
airway (ar'wa), re. Any passage in a mine
used ])urposes of ventilation an air-course.
i(ir ;
ajava (aj'a-va), re. Same as ajoican.
[ill Iji;Alan<l, to till up, obstruct, or damage an airway ma- ajee, agee (a-je'), prep. phr. as adv. or a. [< a3
Uciimsly is a ft-lony.] + jec ov get : seejee,gee.] A^wry; off the right
air-wood (ar'wud), re. Wood dried or seasoned line ; obliquely ; wrong. [Scotch and prov.
by exposure to the air, and not artificially. Eng.]
Have the veneers ready, which must be air-ivood, not His brain was a wee ajee, but he was a braw preacher for
too dry. Workshop Beceipts, 1st ser., p. 414. a' that. Scott, Old Mortality, xxiv.
airyl (ar'i), a. [Early mod. E. airie, ayrij, aierij, ajouan, . See ajcncan.
ayery (sometimes, and still poet., aery, after L. ajoupa (a-jo'pii), re. [F. spelling of native
aerius : see aery^), < ME. ayery ; < airi (in sense name.] A hut or wigwam, built on piles and
8, < atj-2, ult. airl) + -)/i.]
= 1. Consisting of covered with branches, leaves, or rushes.
South Aisle of Rouen Cathedral (13th century).
or having the character of air; iimnaterial; k jour (a zhor). [F.: a, to, with; jour, day:
ethereal. ignate the alleys or divisions of other structures, such see journal.] In decorative art, pierced through
The thinner and more airj/ parts of bodies. Bacon. as mosques, Egyptian temples, theaters, public halls, etc. showing daylight through. Said of carving where
Oft, as in airy rings they skim the heath.
As popularly .applied to churches in which the nave and the work is carried tltrough the solid mass, leading open
aisles proper are filled with pews, and in general to modern spaces, and
also of embroidery, metal-work, or any other
The clamorous lapwings feel the leaden death.
places of assembly, af-s'/i; denotes merely a passageway giv- fabric ; said also of translucent designs, as in enamel
Pojtc, Windsor Forest, 1. 131.
ing access to the seats as, the center ai^le and side aixles. :
or intaglio, when meant, to be seen by transmitted rather
2. Relating or belonging to the air ; being in .Sometimes written isle. See figure showing ground. plan than reflected light. Also called o ^tor?io. See openwork.
the air ; aerial. of a cathedriil, under cathedral.
aJ0Ur6 (a-zho-ra'), a. [F., as if pp. of *ajourer,
Her eye in heaven aisl6 (a-la'), a. [F. aisle, aile, pp. of aisler, let daylight through, < a jour : see above.]
Would through the airy region stream so bright. In
ailer, give wings to, < aisle, aile, a wing: see
Shak., R. and J., ii. 2. her., said of any ordinary or bearing of wMchthe
aisle.'i In her., winged or ha^ving wings. middle part is taken away, lea^ving only an outer
Airy navies grappling in the central blue. Furnished with aisles.
Tenniison, Locksley Hall. aisled
(ild), .
rim, through or within wlrich the field is seen.
3. Open to a free current of air ; breezy : as,
aisleless (il'les), a. l< aisle -less.'] Without + ajowan, ajouan (aj'6-an), . [E. Ind.] The
aisles.
an airy situation. fruit of an annual umbelliferous plant, Ammi
The so-called Christian basilica may have been a simple
And by the moon the reaper weary, oblong aisleless room divided by a cross arch. Copticum, cultivated in Egypt, Persia, and India.
Piling sheaves in uplands airti. Edinhurrih Iter., CLXIII. Itis much used as a condiment and as a carminative.
46.
Teiiiiii.^on, Lady of Shalott. The oil extracted from it contains thymol or thymic acid.
Li^t as air aislet (i'let), II. Misspelling of islet. -\lso called ajaea ovjavanee seeds.
4. ; intangible unsubstantial
empty ; rmreal ; flimsy as, airy ghosts.
:
;

aislette, . See ailette. ajUStt, V. t. An

old spelling of adjust.
The poet's pen . . ait (at), . [Little used in literature; also ajutage (aj'6-taj), . [< F. ajoutage, something
. gives to ainj nothing
A local habitation and a name. spelled aii/ht, eyet, eyot, eyght, < ME. eyt, (eit added, < o/ow to-, add, join: see adjust.] Prop-
Shak., M. N. D., v. 1. (also iu comp. eitlond and ceitlond, an island), erly, a short tube, or nozle, inserted into the waU
 :;
'

126 alabaster
ajutage
The hoost ... set his hond in IceneboJiv. h la (a la). [F. fl, < L. ad, to la, fern, of def. .

of a vessel or into the end of a pipe, so shaped

. . : ;

Woulst thow, said he to Beryn, for to skorne me ? art. Ic, < L. ille, fem. ilia,] To the; in the;
83 to offer the least frietional resistanee to the Tale 0/ Beryn (ed. Furnivall), 1S37.
hence, according to in the (fashion of) after ; ;

outflow of a liqiiiii. The cross-section of an ajutage is A liook tlu-ouirh which folly and ignorance, those breth-
longitudinally, the most advantageous the (manner of): as, a lufraiicaine, aft erthe man-
,II. r.illy circular ;
ren so lame and impotent, do ridiculously look very big
'
ipproachcs that of two t'nistuins of cones with their
,
and vcrv dull, strut and hobble, cheek hy jO"i, with theii' ner of the
French; a la moilc, in the fashion.
bases in contact. The word is also used for the irmsi/;i'A-iiii'i, beiii._- led and supported, and bully-backed ala (a'lii), ".; pi- "'"' (a'le). [L., a wing: see
r uozle of a funnel or of a fountjuu.
Sometimes by that blind llectov, Impudence. {a) One of the two
ni*'/c and <(.ri/.] 1. In /of.
.

-1- II wljiitane. JJenniy, Tope's Ess. on Criticism, p. 30.

side petals of a papilionaceous blossom, or the
I

akamatsu (a-ka-mats'). " [< Jap- "*" red, + That struts in this fashion with his .\rms a ktinlM, like membranous expansion of an organ, as of a
!<.-, piue.] "Japanese red pine; the Pinus a City M.agistratc. Dryden, Amphitryon, IL
fruit, seed, stem, etc. See cut imder banner,
(hiiaillora. She would clap her ai-ms a kimbo.
(b) In mosses, one of the basal lolies or auricles
akazga (a-kaz'^a). n. [Native name.] A kind Steele, Spectator, No. 1S7.
of the leaves. (<) An axilla or axil. [Karo
of poison used its an ordeal in Africa. Also akin (a-kin'). prep. phr. as adi: or a. [< ol -f in tills sense.] 2. In anat,, :ool., etc.: ((/) A
called boudou (see vuudou) and qitui. /.il earlier of kin, which is still in nse: see
;
wing. (Ii) Any part of a wing-like or flap-like
akazgia (a-kaz'.ii-ii). n. [>'X,.. < ala:ga.'] An /.il, H. Sonietimes abbr. kin : see AihI, n.]
character: as, /(( auris, the upper and outer
alkaloid obtained from akazga, resembling Of kin. S|iecitically (ii) Related liy lilood: hence, m- part of the external ear. (c) The armpit. 3.
strychnine in its physiological action. tiinatelv allied, as bv aflinity, union, or structure: as. the
pi. Specifically, in Cirripedia, the lateral parts
akb'eer (ak'ber), . [Hind.] red powder A two fan'iilies are near n/i/i tile bultalo is nA-in to the ox. ;

of the shell, as distinguished from the parietes,

tlirowu on the clothes and person at Hindu fes- Akin to thine is this declining frame.
And this poor beggar claims an Uncle's name. when they are overlapped by others; when
tivals.
" and See ache^.
Crahhi', Parish Register.
they overlap they are termed radii. 4. In anc.
ake, r.
Wert thou ntiii to lue in some new name Boin, arch., a w-ing or a small apartment jilaced
Akebia (a-ke'bi-a), [XL., < Jap. ArW.] H. A Dearer than sister, mother, or all blood, the atrium Roman house.
on each side of of a
iH-n\ii of woody climbing plants, natm-al order I would not hear thee speak.
y;i.<ii(. n<i<; FL, Knight of Malta, i. 3. Audslei/.Ala, cinerea (ali-:.;ray ing>, a triangular
7;. ///c/iV/oct'c, of China and Japan. A.^iuinatahas
area oneacli side ut the hinder part of the lloor of the
Ix-.a introduced intocultivation, and is a handsome, hardy (b) Allied by nature ; partaking of the same properties
fourth ventricle of the brain, darker than the rest and
vine, with dark-green digitate leaves and small purplish as,envy and jealousy arc near akin ; "pity's cit-i'n to love, containing nuclei of the vagus and glossopharyngcus
Southern, Oroonoko, ii. 1.
rtowcn;.
The
CiipaiiUi (Ulifiliia) saijklfi,
nerves,
AlSe cordis (wings of the heart), in entmii., the
akee (a-ke'), n. Near akin as the judicial and military actions originally series of attailiiiicnts of the dorsal vessel or heiut of an
natural order Sapindac&E, a native of Guinea, are, they are naturally at tirst discharged by the same insect to the walls of the body or other support.
agency. Ii. .'^j'encei; Prin. of Sociol., 5'2S.
whence it was car- In Insecta it Itlie dorsal vessel] is attached to the wall
ried by Captain = Syn. kindred, cognate, analogous.
Kill, of the body, and soinctimes even to the trachea; (in the
akinesia (ak-i-ne'si-a), . [NL., < Gr. cuavr/aia, larva; of the Muscida^). by tho al(r cordis.
Bligh to Jamaica in Geiicnbaur, Conili. Anat. (trans.), p. '2*:!.
17'.;{, and thencetUs-
qidescenee, motionlessness, < d- priv. -t- Kiv>/aic,
motiou, < Kivea; move.] Parah'sis of the motor Al8B nasi (wings of the liosi X the parts fonuing the
si-minated over the outer or lateral boundaries of the nostrils. Alffl Of the
West Indies and nerves: loss of the power of voluntary motion. diaphragm, ill iiMflf., its lateral icailcts. -AIsb vomerls
Also written aeinesia, akiiief:is. (Willis iif the vunier), the lateral inojcclior.s of the supe-
South America. It
rior liiiiilcr iif the vomer. Ala notha (false wing), in
is a small tree, with ash- akinesic (ak-i-ue'sik), a. Pertaining to, of the oniith., the iiarapterum the scapular, a.\illai'y, anil tertial
like leaves and a Heshy nature of, or characterized by akinesia. ;

feathcis III :i hirils wing, collectively considered. Ala

fruit containing several large jet-black seeds partly em- (ak-i-ne'sis), Same as akinesia.
Iteddcd in a white spongy aril. This aril when cooked
akinesis )i.
sphenoidalis, wing of tlie sphenoid bone, esjtecially the
iKconies somewhat like custard, and is highly es- Akkad, ". See Aecad. greater wing. See cut niiilcr .syi/.cm.i./. Ala spuria, in
leeincti. Akkadian, . and n. See Accadian. oniith.
See alula. Ala, vespertilionis (I'at s wing), a
term applied to the broad lii:aiiieiit of the Wiiiiiaii uterus
akehornt, . A corrupt spelling of acorn. akmite, . See acmite. and as.sociated parts, from some fancied resemblance to a
akelet, i'. f. [<ME. nkHnt (also uclicleii). < AS. aknee (a-ne'), prep. phr. as adv. [< JIE. a kne, lints ii'ing.
luitiin. < - -1- lehnt. > E. keel'i, make cool: see a enc, on kne, on eneowe, < AS. on. cneoir : on, E. Alabamian (al-a-bii'mi-an), a. and n. I. a.
/.TfP and acoW.] To make cold; cool. Court fl3; cneou; E. knee.'] On the knee or knees. Pertaining to Alabama, one of the southern
of Lure. [Rare.] United Slates.
akembo, akembow (a-kem'bo), inep. phr. as Aim,;: tlicy fell before the Prince. II. II. A native or an inhabitant of tho State
.Southeii, Madoc.
'/'/'. Sec dkifiiln}. of Alaliania.
akene, akenium, . Same as achenium, 1. Older forms of acknuu; alabandine (al-a-ban'din). h. [ilj.Alahandina
akno-Wt, aknowledget.
aker't 'u'kiri. n. The old and regular spelling (teknou'li dije. (se. i/eniniii). a precious stone, fem. oi Jtalnin-
I.I iUl(.. ako (ak'o), . [Hung. nA'o.] A liquid meastire diniiti, pertaining to Alahanda, a city in ('aria,
aker-'t, n. Older form of acl-er^. used in Hungary, equal to about 18+ gallons. Asia Minor, now Arali-IIissar.] Manganese
Akera (ak'e-ra), n. Same as Accra, 1. akornt, " An old spelling of acorn. glance^ or lilende, a sulphid of manganese. Also
akernt, . The historically correct but long all (ill). " [< Hind. ((/, ii plant (see def.).] A called iiliibiindite,
..l.snlctc spelling of acorn. plant of the genus Morinda, allied to the madder. alabarch (ara-biirk), Ji. [<L. alabarchcs, more
akerspiret, ' and h. An old spelling of acro- al-t, "., adv., and n. An old form of all, correctly araharchcs, < Gr. 'A^afiafix'IC, more cor-
Al. In chcni., the symbol for ahiininii(m, rectly 'A/io,Jii/i,v'/''. the jirefect of the Arabian
aker-stafft, . See acre-staff. al-1. An assimilated form of Latin ad- before I uome in Egvjit, in Josejihus appar. as in def,,
akey (ak'a), II. [Native term.] The monetary (see ad-); also an erroneous form of n-l, from <'iViai/', ])l.';\()o,iff, Arab, -t- u/i.via', rule, govern.]
-taiiiliird of the Gold Coast of Africa, equal to Anglo-Saxon a-. See ad-, Tlie title of the governor or chief magistrate of
JO iTiiiiiis iif gold-dust, or about SO cents. al-". [Ar. al, ill mod. Ar. commonly f/; before the Jews in Alexandria under tho Ptolemies
akimbo, akimbOW (a-kim'bO), /nr/i. jihr. as a sibilant or a liquid, the I is assimilated (d.s--,
and Roman emperors. Also written arabarrh.
u<fr. or u. [Ucccutly also written akembo, 0--, ar-, am-, an-, etc), with the elision of the Philo, the principal of the Jewisli embassage, .

A
. .

akemboir, carlii'r a-kiiiilm, a-kembn, a kimbow, a vowel if another vowel precedes.] preli.\ in brother to Alexander the alatiareh.
kemlm, on kinibii, on kinihow, and by aplieresis some words of Arabic origin, being the Arabic Whisliin, tr. of .losephus, Antiq., xviii. S.

kimbo, kimboic, keinbo (used attrib. as an adj. definite article the"; as in alcaid, alehenni. al- alabaster (al'ii-bas-ter), n. and a. [Early mod.
and iilo a.s a verb see kimbo, kimbow), also cohol, (dcore, Aldebaran, alijehra, ahjHnzit, alkali. i;, usually iilalilasler, allablaster,<. JIK. aliibiislre,
:

with pinertvil teniiination, a-kimlmll, a-ktni- Alkorini, etc.; and, variously disguised, in a)iri- alabaslir, iilaliau.itre, alaba.s-l (= OD. iilabasl,
////, on ki ihIiiiII, a kenhnlil, a ki nliol, early moil. eol, artichoke, assai/ai, acimuth, hazard, lute, etc. aba.ll, II. albii.tt = Dan. alabast = Sw. ((//(.</( r,
K. a kunboie, on kcnbow, < ilE. (once) in kene- also el, as in elixir. now iiliiba.'ili r), < ()1'\ idiiba,slre, F. r(//)(i/rc = Sp.
hoirti, i. o., 'in keen bow,' in a sliarp bend, at -al. [< F. -al, -el = Sp. Pg. -al = It. -ale, < h. Pg. It. (//((/).s/ro = MIKi.t;. alalniKter, < ML. ala-
uii acute angle, presenting a sliai'p elbow in -dlis, ace. -dicm, an ailj. suTlix, 'of the kind of,' :
bastrnm, alabau.ilriim, alaliasler (the niineral),
or <>", K. ^; kenc, E. kecn^, sliai-p-pointcd, pertaining to,' varying with -dris, orig. the < li. alabaslir, m., alabaslriini, neut., a box or
Hharii-cdgi'd (in common use in MK. as ap- same as -dli.i, and used for it when / ]irecedes, casket tor iieri'unies, unguents, etc., tapering
plied to the {Hiiiit of a spear, pike, ilaggcr, goad, as ill td-aris, E. al-ar : see -ar'K In OF. this suf- to !i point at the (op, hence also the form of a
thoni, liook, anchor, etc., or t lie edge of a knife, iix was reg. -<l, > .ME. -el, but afterward -((I i.ose-buil, = (ioth.ii/i(/"(/.-.7)'i("", < Gr. ii>.ii,<iKTr/ioc,
Bwonl, a.\, vU\); boice, K. boic-, a bend: see prevailed: cf. mortal, annual, j/radnal, n.. vie. 111., ii/i;/liifT7/)nr, neut., earlier and more correctly

', krrn^, boir-, iind cf. <lbow; for tlic ])honetic A a noun siillix, -al isiliie to the lulj. sutlix, L. (l/ii(irjro!', a box, casket, or vase of alabaster
changCH, cf. oUinhir, limbeck, and ki<U(ni, kelson, -dlis, neut. -die, in nouns also -id (as animal, (later also of other materials), the mineral
hihoii. In \^)^ larlii'St use, and often Intir, the animal). In e.ipou,sal, anil some otlu'r words, itself being hence known as ii>,loiTrir;/i; or ii'^a-
tfrrii coiiiioti'.^ jL bold or <le(laiit iilliliide, iii- -al is due to ]j. -dl-ia, neut, jilur. lieiu'c
lilt, : fianTiuTi/e, ]j. iiliibii.ilriti s (avi^ alaba.itriles)', said
'
-. :;l|iisioii other to /. ill its the K. form, r.v/i(.s(//.v.
jilur. In liriiUd anil to be named fioni a town in Egyjil wlieri' there
'bold.'.1Previous ex- burial -al is of diirerent origin. Cf. -el and -l^] were quarries of alabiisler; but in fact tho
ily inoiieouH, have been: A very common siillix, of l>iitin origin. It fomm town was named frotii llie quarries. '.\/,lfmr(a.)w
. iiniihi mlio, or rather a Hchemho, from nouns In Latin, and theiiic In Kngllnh (ii) Adjcc- To/'.(f (Plolemy), L. Aliilni.it ron oiipidnm, i. e.,
liven, an In oriif |< "i'i'(i,<"i'("r-), miilltlll, i/i(i>iiiii/|< I..
"<>. iiwry, nblii|iiely (Skinner,
'
'town of nlabastra.' In Ar. and Pi'i's. alabas-
mn;ii|.ii/l'ji, etc. < manun, hand
in this use ei|nlvalcnt to
I, II. If. A box, casket,
' |, :

'l"ik. Ihi- iMiinner of ter is called n//r/i)H.]

>^'hok,
III

Sc. cammoek. a
'ir, ii( the siiliie nltllnalc nrlgiii. ns In niar, i't:lnr. Iinlh
(orniH iii'cliiTiiig with a dlllcrciillatlon of niiHiiInu In 'in-
ndjcc-
or vase iiiaile of alabiisler, ^w
aliilni.ilriim.
liib: nee cammoek-' ;
li\.
III, fiiii'iir
.
(which ncc). ('i)Si'ciiiidiiry
ri..liii'/(ii.(f|< \,.iniiiiiltii,<,miii'ii',
(nun )iilliiiiry
ei|imll, whence In
2. A miirlile-liUe niineral of which there aro
I liow: n plini-.!- in- I I
Ii li III in now applied til Ijlthl adjectives cmllllg III
two well-Unown varieties, the gypseous and tho

the oiice-oci'Miriiit; I... , .... II iM. .r<ii(, -i-, -iciix. etc., liiKlvethcin n.ll calcareoiis. 'ihe forincrUa cryhtiilliiie giaiiular variety
ling ''I'm'"', f/""''',' (I; Mill 111. Iiiidlnh form, an in n- riii/. mintorint, jieriirlonl. III milphate of calcium or u,vpHiiiii, raSll, -2II0II. It Is of

' rlrniifl, ,;l,,lml, meilimi, etc., and ulinllnrly tn (Inck iid Miiiiiiis i-iilorM, 11a yellow, red, and ma.\', lint Is must cs-
:. /,' iii/r, n. crook, iito-
i o(, -UK -fie, ooA.ind'.imlinh -ic, 'lie, ."I'l/t. clc, li riiii'd whi-ii pure wlillc. Ililiig hoft, ii riiii br toniicil by
pp. of liiiifin =
III
'
1

1"
... III,
,il. luliiieiil, rlii.inli;i,lnl, etc.: hence 111 iiinic the lathe or knife into hiiiiiH um
ks ul ail. 11.11 vanes, slatu-
/ III/ .iiiil fH/irl.| hit '
II III III! Ion I if iiii-iiiilnu'. and eowieni,
as Inciiuii'n cllen. etc. For this iiiiriiiisc llii- Kiiow-u liite. Ilni'-glaliicd
III neiili-ingle ; I /i../iirim/, III . () Niiuniifrom miih mljcc Mirli ty roiiiiil near Florence in Hilly 1..* chiieciiilly prized.
niifiiiiil. rinil, clc. (i/) Nonnii from vcilm In Clilriiri'iillH or Oriental llbitnoilrl (liie aUlhUHlrileK of the
id of 111" nnii-
r llii- iinidiiuy of rn/mtoifi/, as III ileiiinl, i>r. Hlii'li'iiUl in a variety of ciirliniiiili. nf calclniii or calcilc,
iiiiil till ilbow- 'ii/, i-Ic, mid even fmin niitlvt' KnullHll Verbn, iiH nil 111 I ill!.. iiHa stalnelite or Htiilii^mllc In caverns of lliiie-
iin lull- .. , wur 1 .i! .;!i uculi: .ingle. ill lj,^Uiu,U, tjtriithal, untliitraieai, eb 1 I... I,.
 ; : :

alabaster 127 alar

Made of aliiliaster, or resembling it: Ihave not that alacrity of spirit. applied in Texas and westward, as in Mexico,.
II. a. Nor cheer of mind, that I was wont to have.
' an alabaster oolumn," Addison, Travels to species of the cottonwood (Populus).
as, SiMlt., Rich. Ill,
alamodality (a"lii-m6-dari-ti), n. [< alamode
in Italy.- Alabaster glass, an opaque enamel or glass
ni;uie in iniit^ilioi] (jf alaliustcr.
Hence 3. Readiness; quickness; swiftness. + -ality,after modality.] Conformity to the pre-
alabastOS (al-a-bas'tos), >i. Same as alahastrum. With a dream's alacrity of change. vailing mode or fashion of the times. [Rare.]
" The priest, and the swart Usher by his side.
me
aiabastra, Plural of alahastrum. domes. Doubtless it hath been selected for because of its

alabastrian (al-a-bas'tri-an), a. Pertaming to

Beheld the Eternal C'ity lift its
Whitticr, Dream of Pio Xono. alamodality a good and pregnant word.
Souttiey, Doctor, interchapter xx.
or like alabaster.
Alactaga (a-lak'ta-ga), n n. [Formerly
alabastrine (al-a-bas'trin), a. Of, pertaining native name, in tlie M' in the manner
to, or resembling alabaster. Alabastrine posi- a .spotted colt.] A
genus
tive ill a cullodion positive on ghuss, in wliicli th.'
iiliiilmi;
adv. In the
liKlit' of tile picture have lieeii lileaclieU ami
iinili.in's
the family JJipotlidw, or _ fashion ; according to the fashion or prevailing
iviukn ininianently white in a bath of hiehlorid of mer-
il series of the suborder 'Simplicideutata, order mode.
ciirj' ai.nh.il, and nitric and hydroehloric acids. liodentlu. it Ijelimss to the same subfamily (Dipiidinm)
[L., < Gr. II. a. Fashionable ; according to some par-
alabastrites (al"a-bas-tri'tez), n.
(UujiaaTiini/i;, more correctly a?i.afiacTiTt/i; (sc.
as the true jerboas of the ei-mis 7J(/>((.v, but is distinjiuished
from them Ijy bavins^ liiml fi ct witli fi toes instead of 8, ticular fashion
Alamode beef, beef alamode
(often, or more commonly, ljcc.f a la mod,:), beef larded
plain instead of grooved nppcr incisors, a small tijiper
kiUui;, stone), calcareous alabaster, < dXa/faarof, and stewed or braised with spices, vegetables, fine herbs,
premolar on each side, and certain cranial characters
a box or vase: see alabaster.'] A precious and resulting from less development of the occipital region of wine. etc.
nehly veined mineral much used in ancient art; the skull. The best-known species A.jacutvsy which
is III. n. It. A fashion.
tbe hard Oriental alabaster. See alabaster, 2. resembles a jerboa, but is larger, with a longer, tufted For an old man to marry a young wife ... is become the
tail. It is yellowish above and white beneath, moves on A la mode of the times.
It is evident from Fliny that the Alabastrites which this all-fours as well as by leaping, lives in colonies in under- Kennr-t, tr. of Erasra. MoriiC Enc, p. 14. (.V. E. D.)
Phrygian marble resembled was diversitted with varied ground Inirrows, and hibernates in winter. .Species of
colours. Stuart and lieiwtt, Antiii. of Athens, I. v. the genus occur throughout a large part of central 2.
,, =..
Asia. A
thin glossy silk for hoods, scarfs, etc.

(al-a-bas'trum), .; pi. aiabastra and also in nortliern Africa. They are alaiUOrt, a la mort (al-a-morf, ii lii mort), a.
Syi'ia, Araliia, etc.,
alabastrum )mmonly called jumping rabbits. [Sometimes written all amort, as if all, adv., with
[L., < Gr. aka^^aarpov: see alabasUr.]
(-trii). _ ^ ^^ ^^jggg (: y^ ^^^s)_ [p., at the thigh: see amort, q. v. ; < F. a la mort, lit. to the death : a la
lu G)'. antiq., a small elongated a la and cidsse.] Literally, at the thigh: ap' (seeota); woe?, <L.mo'(<-).9, death: seemortul.]
vase for imguents or perfumes, plied in her. to a leg used as a In a half -dead or moribimd condition; de-
roimded at the bottom and provided bearing, when it is erased or pressed ; melancholy.
with a broad rim about a small ori- couped in the midiUe of the 'Tis wrongto bring into a mix'd resort
fice. Vases of this class were originally so thigh. What makes some sick, and others a-la-mort.
called because made of alabaster; but the Cowpcr, Conversation, 1. 292.
name was applied also to vessels of similar Aladdinist (a-lad'in-ist), n. [<
Aladdin, a learned divine under alant, alantt, . [Early mod. E. also allan, al-
form and use in other materials, as metal,
glass (sometimes richly ornamented in col- Mohammed II. and Bajazet II., liind, etc., < ME. alaitt, aland, (daunt, < OF. alan,
or), or pottery. Sometimes called a^a6as((;r, ^i'f;='^^ + -ist. The name Aladdin, Ai. A hawk's leg erased "allan, a kind of Ijig, strong, thick-headed and
alabaatos.
v&^^^M A'l-ad-din, means ' height of jessed, and varveled.
h la cuisbe. belled,
short-snouted dog; the brood whereof came
2. [NL., also alabastriis : prop. L. first out of Albania (old Epirus). Allan de
faith or religion'; < a'lu, height, From Berry's " Diet, t

alabaster (ace. pi. alabastros, in of Heraldry.")

boucherie is like oui' mastive, and serves butch-
Pliny), a rose-bud: see alabaster.']
acme, 'alii/, high, +
ed, the, +
A flower-bud. Iconic alabastrum, a
din, faitli, creed.] A
free-thinker among the ers to briug in fierce oxen, and to keep their
Mohammedans. stalls. Allan gentil is like a greyhound in all
name sometimes given to an alabastrutu properties and parts, his thick and short head
terminating above in a figure or head. Aladdinize (a-lad'in-iz), V. t.; pret. and pp.
(a la kart). [F. : a la Aladdini~cd, ppi: Aladdinizi>ig. l< Aladdin, the excepted. Allan vautre, a great and ugly cur
k la carte
(see A la); carte =: Pr. Sp. It. carta, possessor of the magic lamp, in the "Arabian of that kind (having a big head, hanging lips,
< L. eharta, card: see card^, chart, Nights," a common personal name (see Alad- and slouching ears), kept only to bait the bear,
and. charta.] By a bill of fare: as, dinist), +
-L-c] To transform as if by magic. and wild boar" (Cotgrave), also with excres-
dinner a la carte, that is, a dinner in which only K E. D. cent t, alant, allant. It. Sp. alano Pg. ulcio, < =
such dishes as have been ordered from the bill aladja (al-a-jii'), n. [Prob. the same asalatcha. ML. aletnvs, a kind of htmting-dog, perhaps
of fare are paid for opposed to table d'hote, both appar. repr. Tiu'k. alaja, spotted, streaked, named from the Alani (L. Alant, Gr. 'A7Mvoi), a
:

which a fixed charge is made covering the whole < ala, spotted, + ;/((, an adj. formative.] A cot- Scythian nation upon the Tanais (Don).] 1. A
meal, whether all the dishes served in regular ton stuff made thi'oughout Turkey and Greece species of large dog, used to hunt beasts of prey.
course are eaten, or only some of them. See nearly the same as alatcha (which see). Aboute his char ther wenten white alauntz
Plm-al of ala. Twenty and mo, as gret as any stere.
cartel, 1. alae, . To huuten at the Icon or the dere.
alack (a-lak'), intcrj. [Early mod. E. alac, alagai (al'a-gi), n. [Cf. aladja.] mixed A Chaucer, Knighfs Tale, 1. 129a
alaeke, North, alake, alailc; according to Skeat, textile fabric of silk and cotton, obtained from 2. In her., a mastiff-dog with short ears.
< a9, ah, +
lack, failure, fault, disgrace. Other- southern Russia and Asia Minor. Also -ivritten aland, alaun,
wise explained as a variation of alas, q. v. the i-la-grecque, ^-la-grec (ii-la-grek'), . [F.,
;
alaund, alaunt, etc.
phonetic change is unusual, but interjections after the Greek (fashion): see a la and Greek.] aland^ (a-land'), prep. phr. as
are unstable. Also shortened to lad'.] An In arch., a name for the Greek fret. Sometimes adv. [<'ME. alond, alonde, o
exclamation expressive of sorrow. [Obsolete written aligreek. Seefret^, n. lande, < AS. on land (ace),
or poetical.] Alahance (al-a-hans'), n. [Prob. of Ar. origin.] on lande (dat.) : on, E. on, a^;
A lactc, when once our grace we have forgot, A
small constellation, better called Sagitta land, lande, E. land.] On or at
Nothing goes right. Shale., M. for M., iv. 4. (which see). land. [Obsolete or poetical.]
Alack, alactc, his lips be wondrous cold! alais6 (a-la-za'), a. [F. form, as if pp. of "alaiser, He made his shippe aloTide for to
Alan.
Ford, Broken Heart, iv. 2. < a I'aise, at ease, easily see a la and case.] In :
(From Berry's "
alackaday (a-lak'a-da), interj. [Also alack the her., same as humetc. of Heraldry.' Chaucer, Good Women, 1. 2166.
day! as if alas the'day ! rfn;/ being vaguely used. Alali, Plural of Alalus. 3d Fish. Master, I marvel how the fishes live in the sea.
Also shortened to lackaday, q. v.] An exclama- alalia (a-la'li-ii), H. [NL., < Gr. as if 'a?M?Ja, < 1st Fijih. Why, as men do a-land; the great ones eat
In pathol., up the ones. Shale., Pericles, il. 1.
tion expressive of regret or sorrow. Also writ- aXaAof, not talking: see Alaltis.]
little

ten alack the day. [Now rare.] partial or complete loss of the power of articu- A well-hooped cask our shipmen brought aland
paralysis of muscles employed in That knew some white-walled city of tlie Rhine,
Alack the day, I pray you tell me is my boy lation, due to . William Morris, Earthly Paradise, I. 33.
alive or dead? Shalt., M. of v., ii. articulating. See anarthria.
aland^ Dan. aland, the chaven-
(al'and), n. [<
alalite (al'a-lit), n. [< Ala, a valley in Piedmont, der, chub, = Icel. dlun, *dlunn, a fish, supposed
alacrify (a-lak'ri-fi), (I. t. pret. and pp. alac- -(- -lite, Same as diojmde.
< Gr. ?lBoc, stone.]
;

rified, ppr. alacrij'ying. [< L. alacer, alacris, to be the mackerel, = OS. alnnd (Kluge) = OHG.
(al'a-lus), n. pi. AMi (-H). [NL., < Gr.
cheerf lU, +
-ficare, < facere, make see -/(/. ] To Alalus ;
alant, alunt, MHG. G. alant, the chub or mul-
:
not talking, < a- priv. laXuv, talk.] +
make cheerful rouse to action excite. [Rare.] ala'Mi,
;
Haeckel's hypothetical "ape-man," a conjec-
; let; origin obscm-e.] A fish, same as oj/e.
alacriOUSt (a-lak 'ri-us), a. [< L. alacer, ala- aland^t, Same as alan.
tured genus of mammals, based upon the Pitlie- [Appar. < F. landier
cris, lively, brisk, quick, eager, active, cheerful alandier (a-lan'der), n.
or primitive speechless man, sup-
(> It. allegro OF. alegre : see allegro and ale- canthropus,
= a, to, with; landier, andiron: see andiron.] A
posed to have made his appearance toward the
ger), +
-ous.] Acting with alacrity ; cheerfully
close of the Tertiary epoch, in what is usually
fireplace used in connection with a porcelain-
prompt or brisk. kiln. See kdn.
called the human form, but destitute of the
'Twere well if we were a little more alacrious and exact alane (a-liin'), a. and adv. Scotch foi-m of a/oMC.
in the performance of the duty.
power of framing and using speech, as well as alanin, alanine (al'a-nin), n. [<L. al{dehijde)
Hammond, Works, IV. 550. of the capacities accompanying that faculty. - -an (a meaningless syllable) + -in-, -ine-.] An
uses the terms Alalus and Fithecan-
alacriouslyt (iy-lak'ri-us-li), adv. With alac- Haeckelinterchangeably. organic base (C3H7NO2) obtained by heating
tUropus
rity; briskly. aldehyde ammonia with hydrocyanic acid in
The .ape-men, or Alali, were therefore probably already
alacriousnesst (a-l.ik'ri-us-nes), i. Alacrity; in existence towai-d the close of the tertiary epoch. presence of an excess of hydrochloric acid. It
cheerful briskness. Uaccliii, Evol. of Man (trans.), II. 182. forms compounds both with acids and with
To intuse some life, some aiocnoitsiiess into you. alameda (ii-lii-ma'dii), n. [Sp. and Pg., a pop- some of the metals, as copper, silver, and lead.
Hammond, Sermons, p. 553. lar-grove, any public walk planted with trees, alantt, " Same as (dan.
alacritOUS (a-lak'ri-tus), a. [< alacrity -oiis.]
< Sp. and Pg. alamo, poplar: see alamo.] A alantin, alantine (a-lan'tin), n. [< 6. alant,
Brisk lively cheerful ; f uU of alacrity. Haw- shaded public walk, especially one planted with
;
OHG. alant (origin unknown), elecampane, +
thorne.
;

poplar-trees. [Texas, and other parts of the E. -in'^, -ine-.] A substance resembling starch,
alacrity (alak'ri-ti), n. [= I'- alacritc It. =
United States settled by Spaniards.] found in the root of elecampane ; inulin (which
alacrita, <'L. atacnto(<-)s, liveliness, briskness, alamo (a'lii-mo), n. [Sp., Pg. alamo, alemo, = see).
< alacer, alacris, lively, brisk see alacrious.] 1. the poplar; Sp. alamo bianco, white poplar,
:
alar (a'lar), a. [< L. alaris, more frequently
Liveliness briskness sprightUness.
; ;
2. Cheer- alamo negro. 'l:)laek poplar,' i. o., alder; prob. alarius (^}i. alary), < <da, a.yring: seeaisle.] 1.
Pertaining to or having alas or wings. 2. In
ful readiness or promptitude cheerful willing- (through *tdmo, *alno) < L. alnus, alder: see
;

ness. alder^.] The Spanish name of the poplar-tree 6o^,bomeiutheforksof astern; axiUary; situ-
 ; ;

alar 128 a latere

ated in the axils or forks of a plant Alar artery was clear that great alarm would be excited through-
It
out Europe if either the Emperor or the Dauphin should
alarum (a-lar'um or a-lar'um), . [A form of
and vein, a small artery and its attendant vein supplying become King of Spain. alarm, due to a strong rolling of the r: see
the axilla, usually termed the alar thoracis arter)' and ilacaulay, Mahon's Succession in Spain. alarm, ?i.] Same as alarm, but now used only
vein. Alar cartilage, the loner lateral cartilages of the
nose. Alar ceUs, m
mosses, the tells at the basal angles Rip now felt a v.ague apprehension stealing over him in sense 4, except poetically.
of a leaf. Alar expanse, or alar extent, in omith. and he . perceived
. . a strange figure slowlj- toiling up the A flourish, trumpets I strike alarum, drums!
entom.,tbe disiaiue from tip to tip ul the spread wiugs of rocks. Irving, Rip Van Winkle.
Shak., Rich. III., iv. 4.

abird or an i!i< d. Alar flexure. See ./fcxur?. Alar To go to bed was to lie awake of cold, with an added The dread alanim should make the earth quake to its
ligaments !:i 'uiat., two rrinire.like folds springing from shudder of /right whenever a loose easement or a waWng centre. Haitthm-nc, Old Manse.
the liL.-,im' ::! niueosumof the knee-joint and projecting
: t curtain chose to give you the goose-tiesh.
She had an alarum to call her up early.
into the SMI. vial carity. Also called p/ior adipose and Loivell, Study Windows, p. 30.
Charlotte Bronte, Jane E>Te, xxi.
mar^Ufiiuiii. Shadows to-night
alarget fa-larj'), r. t. [< alargen OF. ME. = Have struck more terror to the soul of Richard, alarum (a-lar'utn or a-liir'um), v. t. Same as
'ulartjir "(ct. OF. eslargir, F. elargir, -with pre- Than can the substance of ten thousand soldiers. alarm.
Shak., Rich. III., v. 3.
fix -, < L. ex-), < JIL. *aUargire (of. Pr. alar- Wither'd murther,
Dismay seized our soldiers, the panic spread, increased Alarxtm'd by his sentinel, the wolf.
gar = Sp. Pg. alargar, < ML. allargare), < L.
by the belief that a fresh army had come up and was en- Shak., Macbeth, ii. 1.
ad, to, + ML. enlarge cf. L.
largirc, largare, ;
tering the field. W. Ware, Zenobia, II. xiii.
alarum-bell (a-lar'vim-bel), n. Same as alarm-
targiri, give largess, grant, < largus, large see : Conceive but for a moment the co-nsternation which the
bell.
large. Cf enlarge.'] To enlarge inorease.
. ; approach of an invading army would impress on tlie
peaceful villages in this neighbourhood. Ko citizen can lie down secure that he shall not be
Alalia (a-la'ri-a), n. [XL., < L. alarius, < ala, li. Hall, Reflections on War. roused by the alarum-bell, to repel or avenge an injury.
a wing: see aisle.'] genus of olive-brown A Each [the child and the soldier] is liable to panic, which Macaulay, Dante.
algse, found in the colder parts of the Atlantic is, exactly, the terror of ignorance surrendered to the im-
alary (ii'la-ri), a. [< L. alarius: see alar.] 1.
and Pacific oceans. The membranous frond is from agination. Emerson, Courage. Relating to wings or wing-like parts; being
3 to 20 feel long and has a thick midrib. A. esciUenta is
variously called baddi^rlocks, henicari\ or murlins. The
alarm (a-larm'), r. [< alarm, n.] I. trans. 1. sving-Mke. Specifically applied, in entom., to certain
midrib is used as an article of food in some parts of Scot- To call to arms for defense give notice of dan- ; muscles passing in pairs from the walls of the pericardial
laud and Ireland, and in Iceland. ger to; rouse to "sigilanee and exertions for chamber of some insects to the abdominal parietes. See
[Also alarum, and abbrev. safety: as, alarm the watch. alee eordiiy. under ala.
alarm (a-lUrm'), n.
tari/Hi, a form, nowpartly differentiated in mean- A countiyman had come in and alartned the Signoria The alary system of insects.
before was light, else the city would have been taken Wollaston, Variation of Species, p. 45.
ing, due to rolling the r; formerly also allarm, it

allarme, aWarmy; < ME. a/arme, usedinterjec- by surprise. George Eliot, Romola, II. liv. The alary muscles, which in most
insects are fan-shaped,
2. To surprise with apprehension of danger; and lie in pairs, opposite one another, on each side of the
tionaUy, alarom, a loud noise (= D. G. Sw. Dan. heart, either uinte in the middle line, or are inserted into
alarm, alarm, noise, by apheresis G. larm, Dan. disturb with sudden fear fill with anxiety by ;
a sort of fascia, on the sternal aspect of the heart, to which
larm},<. OF. alarme. " an alarum " (Cotgrave), = the prospect of evil. orgau they are not directly attached.
Huxley, Anat. Invert.,
Pr. alarma =
Sp. Pg. alarma, < It. allarme, tu- Pan flies alarm'd into the neighbouring woods.
And frighted u>Tnphs dive down into the floods.
p. 373.

mult, fright, alarm, <rt?r arme, to arms alle, < ! 2. In anat. and hot., wing-shaped.
Dryden, .\rt of Poetry, ii. 24.=i.
a (< L. ad), to, 4- le, fem. pi., < L. illas, ace. fern. alas (a-las'). interj. [Early mod. E. also abbr.
A screech-owl at midnight has rt^armeii a family more
pi. of ille, the; arme, fem. pl.,< L. arma, neut. pi., than a band of robbers. Addison, Spectator, No. 7. las, la.'is ; < JIE. ahis, alias, alaas. allaas, alace, al-
arms: see ar;-.] 1. summons to arms, as on A Il.t in trans. To give an alarm.
lace, <OF. a las, ha las, hai las (later helas, also
the approach of an enemy hence, any sound, abbr. las; mod. F. helas; =Pr. ai lasso = It. ahi
;
Now, valiant chiefs since heaven itself alarms,
outcry, or information intended to give notice I'nite.
!

Pope, Iliad, ii. 93.

lasso), < a, ah! (< L. ah, ah!), las, wretched, < +
of approaching danger. alarmable (a-lar'ma-bl), a. [< alarm -I- -able.]
L. lassus, weary: see lassitude.] An exclama-
Sound an alarm in my holy mountain. Joel 11. 1. tion expressive of sorrow, grief, pity, concern,
Liable to bo alarmeJi or frightened.
or apprehension of e-vil: in old writers sometimes
Ready to ride and spread the alarm alarm-bell (a-liirm'bel), H. bell used in giv- A followed by the day or the trhile : as, alas the day,
Through every Middlese.x village and farm. ing notice of danger, as from the approach of
Lonfffellow, Paul Revere's Ride.
an enemy, from fire, etc.
alas the trhile. See alackaday.
2t. A hostile attack ; a timiult ; a broil ; a dis- On the gates alarm-bells or watch-bells.
For pale and wanne he wttsialas the while!).
Spenser, Shep. Cal., Jan.
turbance. Milton, Hist. Moscovia, iii.
Alas, the day ! I never gave him cause.
Bemove your siege from my unyielding heart alarm-bird (a-liinn'berd), )i. A species of tura- Shak., Othello, iii. 4.
To love's alarm* it will not ope the gate. cou, :ouurus, of Africa.
,'<chi::oriiis
Alas for those who never sing,
Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 424.
alarm-clock (a-liirm'klok), . clock wliich A But die with all their music in them.
3. A sudden fear or painful suspense excited can bo so set as to make a loud and continued 0. ir. Holmes, The 'Voicelesa,
by an apprehension of danger; apprehension; noise at a particular time, in order to arouse Alascan (a-las 'kan), . A name given to a
fright there : as, is nothing in his illness to from sleep or attract attention. foreign Protestant in England during the reign
cause alarm. alarm-compass (a-lilrm'kum"pas), )i. raari- A of Edward VI. so called from John Laski or Alasco,
noi-'s com)iass having an electrical attachment a Polish refugee of noble birth who was made superinten-
I shook her breast with vjigue alarms.
dent of the foreign churches in London.
Tennyson, The Letters. for inilioatiug by an alarm any do'N'iation of the
alaskaitiB (a-las'ka-!t), 11. [Better *alaslite, <
4. A warning sound ; a signal for attention; an sbij) from
course.
its
Alaska (see ilef.)+ -ite'^.] sulphid of bismuth, A
argent call, summons, or uotiiieatiou. specifically alarm-funnel (a-larm'fun'el), n. form of lead, silver, and A
copper foimd at the Alaska
(a)In fencing, an appeal or a challenge made by a step funnel for use in filling casks or barrels, so
mine in Colorado.
or stamp on the ground with the advancing foot. (6) In constructed that when the liquid has risen to
JrtnnaA'mry, a knock at the door of the lodge to give
a certain height in the cask a boll is rung. Alaskan (a-las'kan), a. Of or belonging to
warning, as of the entrance of a candidate for initiation. the peninsula or territory of Alaska in N. W.
6. A
self-acting contrivance of any kind used alarm-gage (ii-liinn'gaj), . contrivance for A
.\inorica; growing or found in Alaska: as,
to call attention, rouse from sleep, warn of imlieating auloinutically, by an alarm, wlicn
''.\Ui.<t:an cedar," Science, IV. 47.'i.
danger, etc. .Such devices are made in a great variety
pressure, as in a stoani-boilor or an air-coiii-
alastor (a-las'tor), )). [< Gr. A7^twTcip,\\io aveng-
of forms, as, for example, alarm-clocks, fog-bells, fog- Xro.-isor, roaelii'S a certain point.
ing deity, lit. tile
whistles, and Koundlng or whistling buoys; bells to indi- arm-gtin (a-liirin'gun), . gun fired us a to be forgotten, uiLforgottin^;
A cf. lUoffrof, not
cate changes In temperature, the opening or shutting of
signal of iilarin.
unceasing, < - priv. 'lanrd^, +
dwjrs, gates, or drawers, the arrival of a given hour, f)r
the condition of telephone- and telegraph-wires signals
verbal adj. of 2.adeiv, forget.]
alarmingly (a-liir'ming-li), adv. In an alarm- avenging spirit; a nemesis. relentless A
to call attention to the escape of gas, steam, water, nlr,
;

ing inaiinor; with alarm; in a manner or do- N. E. i>.

ctc.-Alann check-valve, a valve in a steam-boiler gi'oo to excite approlionsion.
Alata (li-la'tii), . pi. [NL., neut. pi. of L.
Dsnally chised by a kprirjgand r,pening under the pressure
This mode of travelling
ahitus, wingeil: see ttlatc-.]
seemed to our ancestors Laniiirek
name given by A
of steam, used to give an alarm lien tlii^ Injector ceases . . .
to a combinatiim of the niollnsean
t work or refuses t/) start. Electric alarm. wonderfully, and indeed alarmingly, rapid.
Sec dec- ilacaulay. Hist. Eng., fiiniilies Strombidw, Ajmrrhiiida', and Struthio-
(ri-. Low- water alarm, In a steam-boiler, an anlomatlc III.
lariida; having referonco to the expanded sring-
device t..r giving a lgoal by sounding a whistle when the (a-liir'mizm), n. alarmism
[< alarm -ism.] + liki> outer lip of the shell.
water falls l,el.,w the |,olnt ot safely Still alarm. Seo A
tendency to create alarms, or to bo alarmed See win(i.ihrlt.
rtiJi. =8yn. L Alanini, tocsin.- 3. Alarm, Ajiprehen-
needlossly ; a state of needless alann; the con- alatcha(ii-lii-ehit'), H. [See ?<(;(.] A cotton
rion, Fritiht, Trrrnr, Itituutii, CoiiJitiT/ialuin, 2'anif, af-
sttilT made in central Asia, dyed in the thri'ad,
fright, aflt.-,fl<,r,, lliiiter, perturbation. These words all dition or jinictice of an alarmist, [liare.]
"I'f* I'-ar In view of iKjsslble- or certain, per-
f
alarmist (a-Iiir'niist), n. [<, alarm -ist; V. + = nnd woven with white stripi'son a blue ground.
nap I'lk-'T. Aiif/rriirrution Is the lowest rle- aliirniislr.'j One who excites alarm; one wlm .^cliniilcr, Turkistan, I. "i.
/.'.

K" '111. lak.- hold of the Icbu of .langer,

I
alate't (a-hif), prep. phr. as adv. [< a* for of
anil is prone to raise an alurni, as by exaggerating
I'li-rs the best way of nMcting it.
All
.

by derivation It Is llie abinini or

.
baa news or iiroi)lii',>iying calamities, ]iiirtien- hit,.]" Of lato; lately. +
Sllf f't'liiigs are nglluti-d In view of larly in regard to ]ii)litical or social malters. Where chilling frosts alate did nip,
ilangcr to one's self ^r others. 'riii'ic tlasbcth now a lire. Greene, Porallcla.
1

111- mind Is like that of npjire.

He wiu( frightened Into a fanatical royalist, and beranie
I

one of the most extravagant /ifiiniii's/x of those wrcd-lied alate-', alated (li'lat. li'la-ted), a. [< L. alatus,
r than overiHiwer. II,. ,. nlal i
winged, < ala, wing: see ai.tle.] 1. Winged;
lUtnni/ are 111 I I
times. Macaulay, Walpoh-'s I.i*tter.
-
I

'.. Ir dirfercri. . ,
It was as he appniarbed fourscore, during the Adminis-
I
having mombranoiis expansions like wings.
l;ill) the nen. tration of Sir UiiliiTt IVel, that the Duke |iif Willlngloiil lint the Harpies ii/iife
i'ldeii fear. '/'
rr^'r riiio !" bi'i'iihie an itlarmittt. OladHtutw, Olcanlngs, I. 121. In the storm came, and swept oh the maldeuR.
I..

"''
Ixridenl an'l as nndilen It
roid unmans rnie.
alarm-lock (a-lilrm'lok), M. ;
lock, pndliH'k, Mrs. A
Unnciiiiiii, I'oeins (1S7S), p. 210.

*t'I'
'

tirage and hope,

Ihitnaii
tloi''-
bolt, liiti'li, or knob so arranged flint a bell is Speeincally (n) In Isil. applied In slems and leafstalks
tor-
I
with the edges or angles ionglludlMail.v expiinded Into leaf-
illon. the dis|H.<ll|.,M to ilo eansed to ring liy any innvenienl of ils jiiirts, like borders, or to oilier organs having nienilii'iinous ex*
anrri
what '/i'*7n'ly^
, ni;i\ I.. <ir by any iitlenipt to o|ien the door, till, or th<^
' '

pansiims: opposid U< aiilerous. (Ii) In roiirli., having an

th. (. loi mis of lb f'
and ' like, to wliieh it is faHtened. expanded lip: applied tiishrlls. Heecut under .I;/!/;-!-/!!!!!/!!'.
>'( Oliileni,'
I

III.. I
iil\
alarm-post Oi-liinii']irwt), m. position to 2. In arch., liaving wings, as u Imilding: as, A
wliiili trfiii|iM ari' In n |mir in case of an nltinii. "an ((/fetemplo,"SfHA'f?<'y,l'alieogi'ai>liia Sacra
alarm-watch (u-liirin'w<M'h), h. A wntdi jin>- (17i;:i), p. 73.
vldi d Willi an nhinn wliielican be set to htrike a latere (a lat'o-re). [L., from the Hidc> a for
:

(filli at a given nioiiient, in ordertoallrnct atteiilion. "/', from latere, alil. ; ol' lalus, side: see lateral.]
no ' ,1
From from beside a jii'i'son: used
the side in
Yotl shall have n Hold ntitrin-irat'-l,, wlilcli, as Iliere ;
or, ng<ir4i IV. 1^, 1,1 I

nir 'lo cauao, shlU awake you, .S'ir T. l/erberl, Memoirs. the phrase legato a latere. Sue legate.
 ; ; ;

alatern 129 albe

alatern (al'a-t^m), n.aa alateriius. Alausa (a-la'sa), n. Same as Alosa.
Same the sides externally concave, used in the fif-
alaternus (al-a-ter'nus), II. [Tlie L. name alb' (alb), H. ['<; ME. albc, < AS. albc, < ML. alha teenth century and later as a drug-pot.
(I'Uiiy).] A
species of Rhamiius, or buckthorn, (sc. vcstis, garment), fern, of L. alhus, white see albarilUU (al-ba'ri-um), n. [L. (sc. opus, work), :

often planted in English gardens, Hhamnus Ala- aHfce, the French form.] 1. In the Rum. Catli. wliito stucco neut. of albarius, pertaining to ;

trnius. See Bhamnus. Ch. (and in many Anglican churches), a white the whitening of walls. Cf. albare, whiten, <
alation (a-la'shon), n. linen robe, with tight sleeves, worn at the cele- albus, white.] stucco or white lime obtained A
[< Ij.d/f/te, winged: see bration of the oucharist imder the chasuble, from burnt marble. McElraih ; fiiinmonds.
alafr-.] 1. winged A cope, or dalmatic by the officiating jjriest and albata (al-ba'tii), . [NL., < L. ulbata, fem. of
condition the state of ;
his assistants, it reaches to the feet, ami is byujid (ilbatus, clotheil in white, made white, pp. of
being winged or of hav- around the waist by a girdle called the alb-curd. Usmilly albare, make white, < albus, white.] An alloy
it is ornamented at tlie edges and wrists with embroidery
ing wings, as a bat, or consisting of a combination of nickel, zinc, and
or lace-work. The alb was formerly the common dress of
parts resembling wings, the clergy. Colored albs have been used in the service of copper united in various proportions, often with
as a plant. 2. The the r,M;;lish Church. The corresponding garment in the
Greek 'hurch is the stoicharion (which see).
antimony, iron, lead, tin, and silver, it is a whit.-
metal, resembling silver in appearance, and is made into
manner of formation or I

spoons, forks, teapots, etc. Also called British jjlate and

disposition of the wings, A white albe plain with a vestment or cope.
Book of Common Prayer (1549). German silver.
especially in insects.
Each priest adorn'd was in a surplice white He was not the genuine article, but a substitute, a Icind
alatratet, v. t. See alla- The bishops doiiird their albs and copes of state. of albata. G. A. Sata, liaddington Peerage, 11. 232.
trnte. Glass rt latticinio. Fair/ax, Tasso, ii. 4.
a latticinio (a lat-ti- Albati (al-ba'ti), n. pi. [LL., pi. of L. albatus,
2. In the carli/ church, a white garment worn clotlied in white: see albata.~] body of fanat-A
cho'ni-o). [It.: a, < L. ad, to; latticinio, < L.
from the Saturday before Easter until the fu'st ics who about 1400 appeared in Italy as peni-
luclicinium, milk-food, < lac{t-), milk: see lac-
Sunday after Easter by the newly baptized. tents, clad in white garments. They were sup-
tation.'] (Decorated) with lines or bands of Formerly also written alba, albe.
opaque white glass, buried in the transparent Apparels of the
Sressedby the pope. Also called White Brethren.
alb, sijuare pieces of embroidery in col-
body of the vessel : said of ornamental glass, ors or prcfious (H].lirey-work sewed or otherwise fastened batross (al'ba-tros), n. [Formerly albitross,
such as that made
in Murano, near Venice. upon the alb, f.niiiiioiily in six places: much used between albetruss, also alf/atross (cf. D. cdbatros (i. al- =
the eleventh and sixteenth centuries. batross (but D. usually stormvoi/cl, G. sturmvogel,
Alauda [L., the lark; according
(a-la'da), n.
A
to Pliny, Suetonius, and Gregory of Tours, a
alb^ (alb), n. [Turk.] small Turkish coin, ' storm-bird ') = F. albatros, formevly algatros, =
Gaulish or Celtic word
nearly equal in value to a cent. It. albatro = S\). albatroste = Fg. albatroz, all
(cf. Bret, alclioiiedei;
alba [NL. (se. substantia), fem. of L.
(al'ba), n. prob. from or affected by the E. form), a modi-
albiis,white, used as a noun.] White fibrous fication {ale-, alg- changed to alb-, prob. in allu-
ulchoucde:, the lark)
nerve-tissue, as distinguished from the gray or sion to L. albus, white) of Pg. ulcatra^, a sea-
said to be "lit. 'great
cellular. fowl, cormorant, albatross, orig. a pelican: see
songstress,' from al,
The alba constitutes the columns of the myelon, etc. alcatras.] 1. Aweb-footed sea-bird of the petrel
high or great, and and, Wilder and Gage, Anat. Tech., p. 472.
song." The W. name family, Frocellariidce, and subfamily D-iomedc-
ticlicdi/dd, lit. 'soarer,'
albacore (al'ba-kor), m. [Also formerly written inw. About 12 species of albatross are known, all except
albecore. alhocore (cf. F. ''albacore, a certain the sooty albatross, Pluxbetria ftilirfinosa, belonging to the
is a dilferent word. genus Diomedea. They are di.stiiigui.slied as a group from
Hence It. aloda = Sp. other birds of the petrel family by having the hind toe
alondra, OSp. aluda, rudimentary, and the tubular nostrils separated, one f'li
=
(doa Yr.alauza=OV.
it each side of the base of the upper mandible. The bill is
stout and hooked at the end, the wings are very long, the
(I lor, with dim. ML. tail and feet short, and the statiu'e is very great. Alba-
Iiuiilida, latidila, It. al- trosses inhabit the southern seas at large, and the whole
kidola, lodola (dial. I'acific ocean, but not the northern Atlantic. Some of
lodana), and Olt. alo- them are the largest known sea-birds, and all are noted
for their powers of flight, sailing for houi-s, and in any di-
detta, allodetta OSp. =
Woodlark [Alauda ariarea).
aloeta =
Pr. alauzeta Albacore or Tunny [Orcyriits alaton^a).
= P. alouette, the lark.
Cf. calandra and terfcl.] A
genus of birds, typi- fish m
the Indian sea, which is very good
cal of the family Alaudidce, or larks. The genus meat," Cotgrave), < Pg. albaeor, albacora, al-
was formerly coextensive with the familyt but is now re- becora =
Sp. albacora, an albacore, < Ar. al, the,
stricted to such species as the skylarlt, A. arvensis, and -t- bukr, pi. bakdrat, a young camel, a heifer.]
tlie woodlark, A. arborea. The species of Alauda proper
are nativesof the old world, and inhabit chietty its northern 1 . A
name given to several fishes of the tunny
portions; they are small, plain-colnri'd, spotted, :iTid streak- or mackerel kind, specifically to the germon
ed birds; they nest on the grouml, ;uid an- nntt(l for sing- or long-finned tunny, Orcijnus germo or O. ala-
iny as they soar aloft, and for tlie delicaL-y of tlieir flesh.
.See Alaiididre and lark^.
longa. See Orcijnus and tunny. 2. The Lichia
glauca, a fish of the family Carangidw. Couch.
Alaudidae (a-la'di-de), . jtl. [NIj.,< Jlauda +
The lark family a family of birds, of Also written albicore.
-idw.] ;

the order Passeres and suborder Oscines. They albadara (al-ba-da'rii), n. The Arabian caba-
are notably distinguished from other oscine Passeres by listic name for the basal or sesamoid joint of
having the tarsi scutellate behind, and are therefore re- the great toe, to which extraordinary properties
ferred by some to a special series, Oscines scuteliiplantares, were anciently ascribed.
in distinction from most other Oscines, which are laiuini-
plantar. By others, however, the Alaudidce have been
alban (al'ban), n. [< L. albus, white, + -oh.]
ranked as a subfamily, Ataudi7ife, under Frinfjlllidce. The A white resinous substance extracted from gut-
hallux bears a lengthened straightened claw. There are ta-percha by alcohol or ether. Ure, Diet., I. 41.
many genera and species, mostly of the old world, and Albanenses (al-ba-nen'sez), n. lyl. [ML., <
especially of Africa only one genus, Ercmophila or Oto-
;

corys, the shore or horned lark, is indigenous to America.

Albi in Piedmont.] One of the sects embraced
The Alaudidte are mostly migratory they inhabit open ;
under tlie general name Cathari (which see).
country, nest on the ground, lay colored eggs, and sing .is Albanensian (al-ba-nen'si-an), a. and n. I. a.
they soar some of the species are gregarious. Hee Alau-
;
Pertaining to the Albanenses.
da and larki.
[NL., < Alauda II. H. A member of the sect of the Alba-
Alaudinse (al-a-di'ne), . pi.
nenses.
-l--JHa;.] A
subfamily of larks. The term repre-
Albanian (al-ba'ni-an), a. and n. [< Albania.']
sents
(a) A subfamily of Frlniiillidfe, including all larks. Wandering Albatross Dicmedea exutans).
[Disused.] (b) A subfamily of .-ilandidfe, including the I. Kelating or pertaining to modern Albania,
11.
:

typical larks represented by the genus Alattda and its im- or to its inhabitants, or their language, man-
mediate allies. rection with reference to the wind, without visible ipove-
ners, customs, etc. ment of the wings. They nest on the ground, and lay a
alaudine (a-la'din), . [< Alauda -iiiel.] + II. n. 1. A native or an inhabitant of Albania, single white egg. They are very voracious, may be caught
Having the character of a lark pertaining to ;
a division of European Turkey, comprising the with a hook and line baited with pork, and when takeii
the Alaudidce or lark family. on board a vessel are observed to wallc witli difficulty.
greater part of the ancient Eplrus, and parts of One of the commonest and best-known species is the wan-
There is abundant evidence of the susceptibility of
. . .

the Alaudine structure to modification from external cir-

Illyria and Macedonia. 2. dering albatross, D. exulans; it is also the largest species,
cumstances. Encyc. Brit., XIV. 31U. pi. Light cavah'y, formerly having a stretch of wings of about 12 feet
an assigned di-
recruited in Albania and the mension of 17^ feet being either a great exaggeration or
alaunt, ala,undt, alauntt, " Same as alan. highly exceptional. This bird is mostly white, with dark
Alaus (a-la'us), II. [NL., in form < Gr. aAadg, neighboring lands, and armed ni.arkings on the upper parts, flesh-colored feet, and a yel-
blind, < a- priv.+ Adeiv, see; but said to be based according to the Levantine low bill. The short-tailed albatross, D. brachyura, is a
on alandai, wander, roam, stray.] genus of A fashion of the time. There was related but smaller species. It goes far north in the Pa-
such a corps in the service of Charles iitic ocean, where is also found the black-footed albatross,
click-beetles, of Ik nigripes of Audubon. The yellow-nosed albatross is
Vlll. and of Louis XII. of Trance.
the family Ela- See arqolct and estradiot. /'. chlororhynchuji, to which another species, D. cutminata.
Is closely related ; these, and D. melanophrys, are among
teridw. A. ocula- 3. The language of Albania,
the smaller species, and of about the size of the sooty al-
tuji, one of the largest
possessing strongly marked iiatross. The latter is wholly dark-colored. From their
f the North Ameri-
can snapping-bee-
dialects, and usually classed habit of following ships for days together without resting,
a well-known
tles, is as Aryan or Indo-European. albatrosses are regarded with feelings of attachment and
speciesupward of IJ [The"adjective and noun also apply superstitious awe by sailors, it being considered unlucky
inches long. It has to ancient Albania, on the western to kill one. Coleridge has availed himself of this feeling
two velvety black coast of the Caspian sea ; as, the Al- in his "Ancient ilariner." Also spelled albatros, ^ni in
spots encircled with banian Gates (Albani<e Pylce, now New Latin form albatrus, as either a generic or a specific
Albarello. designation.
white on the pro- the pass of Derbend).]
Italian glazed pottery, 2. -\ thin untwilled woolen material used for
thorax, and white albarello (al-ba-rel'6), n. [It., 17II1 century.
dots scattered over
from the shape, which is held women's dresses.
the whole surface
Alb of Thomas Jl Becket in ttie cathe- to resemble a tree-trunk; dim. of albero, a tree.] albs'-, n. See alb'^.
its larvae live in de-
dral at Sens, with apparels of rich stuff
caying wood. sewed on the bottom and sleeves. An earthen vessel, cylindrical in general shape. albe-t, albeet, conj. Same as albeit. Spenser.
9
 '

130 albumen
albedo
albtis, albicore (al'bi-kor), H. See albacore. Albizzia (al-bits'i-ii), . [NL., < It. Albizzi, a.
albedo (al-be'do), . [L., whiteness, < (al bi-fi-ka'shon), )(. [< ME. alUfi- iioVile faiuily of Tuscany, who first brought the
white.] Whiteness; specifically, the propor- albificationt
surface and uTegularly ertc'iWHH,< ML. albiJic(itio{ii-),< alhificarc, whiten: silk -tree into Italy.] A large genus of legMmi-
tion of light falling on a
albedo of the moon. see albifij.'] In alchemy, the act or process of nous plants of tropical Asia and .Africa, allied
rertected from it: as, the
makiu" white. Chaucer. to Acacia. Many are trees furnishing a hard, strong,
albeit (al-be'it), conj. [< ME. al be
it, al be it
and durable wood. ,-1. Julibiisxin (the silk-tree) ami
f/!!f/Uer6e"/;<rt,r^^^^ albiflofous (al-bi-flo'rus) . [< XL. amfloru^ Lebbek are frequently cultivated for ornament in the
aWus, white fios (flor-), a iiower.] In A. +
ee^liv^dan^es"' being the adv. H, found also < L. Mediterranean region and iu .\merica. The bark of an
having white ^lowers species, A. anthdmintiea, known as luesenna
ioined with thounh and if, with the subjunctive
hot., .\byssiniau
r. A < ML. alb,fieare^< L. a?- or besemia, is an ettective tJeniafuge.
if the^rb fc/ see aUadr., 2 (6), and
cf. al- albifyt (al'bi-fi ,

that. bus, white, -Pcare, < ^acerc, make.] to make albo-carbon (al'bo-kiir'bon), n. [< L. albus,
+
?AoHsA-] Although notwithstanding ;
white, + E. i-(irhon.'\ A solid residuimi of crea-
have not white; whiten.
Whereas ye say, The Lord saith it albeit I I11..C.../1 ; <
[ML., >F.J/- sote Albo-carbon light, a liglit produced by carbu-
EzetxiU.:. Albigenses(al-bi-jen'sez) .iJ?.
5-ten.
'P"^ - '
liitltiiit.i'iihaliitautsof J/fci.] AcoUeetiveuame reting ordinar)' burning-gas by the volatilization of allio-
Albeit so mask'd. Madam, I love the truth. carbou, which is placed in cylindrical chambers about a
Tennyson, Princess, ii. for the members of several anti-sacerdotal sects gu-s-buriier.
Albert cloth. See cloth. in the south of France in the twelfth and thir-
albolite (al'bo-lit), n. Same as albolith.
Albert coal. Same as albertite. teenth centuries so called from Albi, in Lau- albolitll(arb6-lith), H. [< L. albns, white, Gr.
: +
Albertia (al-ber'ti-a), h. [NL., < J/6erf (Prince gucdoe, where they were dominant. They revolted '/.i0o(, a stone.] cement made by mixing pul- A
Albert).] 1. Ageri'usof free floJ/fmi, or wheel- from the Church of Rome, were charged with Manicha'an verized calcined magnesite with fine silica, it
errors, and were so vigorously persecuted tliat, as sects,
animalcules, ha%-iug a lengthened and vermi- forms a hard, durable compound which can be molded,
they had in great part disappeared by the end of the thir- and is found very useful in repairing stonework and as
form bodv, and the trochal disk reduced to a teentJl century.
a preservative for various materials of construction.
small ciliated lip around the mouth. HeUi by Aibieensian (al-bi-ien'si-an), a. and n. I. a.
.S.liniarda to constitute witli the separate genus AVisoii a p,., :,,: tue Alb Svmday. [See allA and Sundai/. Cf. irhit-
i'eitaimng Albio-enses.
10 fV,p Aiui^ciibes.
.T..UP Prro^otrocha. They are internal parasites of va- sunddi/.'] first Sunday after Easter: so
The
earthworm. By the middle of the fifteenth century, the calleci because on that day those who had
rious oligochietous annelids, such as the Albifiensian
A genus of dipterous insects. i?OHrfoni, 1843. heresy had been nearly extirpated
2.
^^ been baptized on Easter eve wore their white
3. o, / ,.
A genus of eoelenterates. t<i7a
Ti.n.,.cn., Ibih.
Jhomson, . /'i-racoK,' Ferd. and Isa., 1. 7.
robes for the last time. .Also called Low Sun-
Alberti bass. See bassS. H. . One of the Albigenses. dai/.
Albertiida (al-ber-ti'i-de), . ;)/. [XL.,< J?- albin (ul'bin), n. [< L. albus, white. See al- albuginea (al-bu-jin'e-a), n. [NL., fern. (se.
Uitia+-ida:^ A family of rotifers, or wheel- bhio.l A mineral of an opaque white color, re- tunica) of an assumed'f. *albugineus: see albu-
animalcules, of which the genus Albertia is the garded as a variety of
Bohemian apophyllite. (/(('.v.] Li anat., a name (properly tunica al-
t>-pe. See Albertia. albiness (al-bi'nes), n. [< albino + -css.'^ A buginea) applied to several membranes: () To
Albertlne(al'ber-tin),a. Of orpertainingtothe female albino.
the fibrous covering of the testis beneath the
v..u!iger and roval branch of the Saxou house In them [the negative blondes] the soul has often be- tunica vaginalis (sheathing membrane); (b) to
from Albert (U. Albrecht), come pale with that blanching of the hair and loss of color
Which descended the similar fibrous covering of the ovary be-
in the eyes which makes them approach the character of
Duke of Saxony (1443-1500). Albertlne tracts,
albinexses. O. W. Holmes, The Professor. neath the peritoneum; (c) to the sclerotic or
pamptdetsdealing "with economic subjects, rittcn about
auspices of the Albertine branch of the albinism (al'bi-nizm), n.
I5:i") under the
albino + -ism ; = white of the eye. l<
Saxon house, and in oi)positioii to a dcbiLsenient of the cur- = Pg. dlhiiiismo.} The stale or albuginean (al-bu-jin'e-an), a. [< L. albugo
l\ (ilhiiiisnie
rency proposed by the lirnestine branch of the same house. couditiou of being an albino leucopathy; lou- ;
{(ilhiiijiii-). whiteness, a white spot, -e-an.^ +
alhnyineous.
cism. In hot., a condition of flowers or leaves in which iSame as
The Albertine Iracl; according to Roscher, exhibit sucll
sound views of the conditions and evidences of national they are white instead of having their ordinary colors, ow- albugineous (al-bu-.iin'e-us), a. [< L. as if "al-
the nature of money and traile, and of the rights
wealth, of
ing to a persistent deftciency of the usual coloring nuitter bu</incus (>Sp. Pg. It. a'lhugineo), the more cor-
;

and duties of <:.ivernmeutsm relation to economic action, =

Hut he regards the unknown author as entitled to a place to be distinguished from bhiiirliiii<ioT etiolation, where the
rect E. form being albuyinous F. albnyineux =
" color returns on exposure to light. Compare eriithrixiii.
iKiiido Kaleigh and the other English " colonial-theorists Sp. It. albu<jinoso,< L. 'alliut/inosus. < albugo (o/-
and liegimiing of the l~th century. Also written albinoism.
o( the end of the 16th fcHf/iH-), whiteness: see albugo.'\ Pertaining to
Encijc. Brit., XIX. 356. Atbinimn being well known to be strongly inherited, for
instance with white mice and many other ipiadrupeds, and orrescmbling the wliite of the eye or of an egg.
Albertist (al'ber-tist), n. [< ML. Albcrtista; pi.. even white flowers. E(iuivaleiit forms -are (dbm/incan and atliuginous.
< Mbcrlus, Albert.] An adlierent of the philos Dani'in, Var. of Animals and Plants, p. 115. Albugineous humor, the anucous humor of the eye.
oi)hy of Albertus Magnus, a German scholastic albinistic (al-bi-nis'tik), a. Same as albinotic. Albugineous
tunic, llic albuginea (which see),
philosopher (1193-1280). The Albertists were only albino (ul-bi'no), )i. [< Pg- albino, ori apiiiicd albuginitis
(al-bu-ji-ui'tis), H. [< albuginea +
recognized a3 a distinct sclnxd in the university of Co- tj ,,,.*,, ,,. f tiR white ULioLb
to the -i^mit ne'Toes tliuv
uiln ili.s.\
-
hiliaramation of the tunica albuginea of
bj tljc i oitugucse
, ,

logne in the fifteenth century. This school was an otf-

met with on the coast of Africa (=Sp.- It. (?- th,. l.-slis. t^i'valhiiginca.
tU'tiit from that of the Tliomists, from wliich it differed
concerning many points of logic, physics, and theology. bino, > F. albinos), < aWo, now alvo, =
Sp. It. albuginous (al-bu ,ii-nus), a. Same,^,.
asalbugin-
It was attached to the college of .St. Lawrence. The ditfer-
ences which separated the Albertists from the Thoniists
/*o, < L. ?6k6', white.] 1. A
person of jialo, ">- ,,,.,-. u-t
[L. whiteness a white
\.-t^
Among milky complexion, with light hair and pink albugO (al-bu'go)
were insigniflcant. other points, the fonuer held
that logic is a speculative, not a i>ractical, discipline; that
'
eyes. This abnormal condition appears to depend im an
.spot, < albus. white.] disease of the eye, A
universaU in re and j"'*! rem arc iib-ntiral (m-c onivernal, absence of the minute particles of coloring matter which characterized by deep opacity of the cornea.
n.y. and that the principle of itnlividuation (which see) is ordinarily occur in the lowest and last-deposited layers Sometimes called Icucoma.
matter. of the epidermis or outer skin. Albinos occasionally occur Albula (al'liu-la). H. [NL., fern, of L. albulus,
among all races of men.
albertite (al'btr-tit), n. [< Albert, name of a wliitish, < ?/).<!' white: see (dih-, (ditcl.} Age-
county in New Brunswick, where this mineral Hence 2. An animal characterized by the mis of lishes ilistinguislicd liy their whilish or
ia found, + -itc-.] A hydrocarlH)n, |)itch-like same peculiarity in physical constitution, a
silvery color, tvpical of llu' family Albulida:
perfect albino is pure white, with pink eyes; but Ibcrc
in appearance, and related to asphaltutn, but may be every degree of departure from the normal coImi- albulid (arbu-iid), n. A lish of the family Al-
Dot so fiLsible nor so soluble in benzine or ation, exhibiting every variation in paleness of color or iu bulida-; a bonefish, ladylisb, macab6, or French
ether, mis a Assure in the lower carboniferous rocks
it spotting or marking with white, such pallid or pied indi-
mine in New iJrunswick. It is used in the
at tiie All>ert viduals licing called 7>nr(mi albinos. An albino is always
a sport or freak of nature, as when one of a brood of crows Albulidae (al-bii'Ii-do), n. pi. [NI... < .llbula
mntiufactnrc of illnndmiting gas, and of Illuminating and
Iiii>ri<-ntifig oils. --XIho calleil Al'/ert coal. or blackbirds is snow-white; but albinism tenils to be- + -ilia:] A family of abdominal fishes having
albertype (al'bcr-tlp), n. [< J oaejiih Albert,
come hereilitary and thus established, as in the case of an elongate body covered with silvery scales,
white mice, white rabbits, and white poultry. Any al- conical lieail with produced overhanging snout,
ii.iiMoof the inventor, ti/pc.} 1. method + A bhio, therefore, is to be distinguished from an animal lb:il
of direct printing in ink from photographic is natui-ally wliite, like the snowy heron or polar bear, or
small mouth, and ])avemcnt-like teeth on the
platcH. See photolithoi/raphi/. 2. picture A that periodically turns white in winter, like the arctic fi>x,
pidar hare, or i)t;irmigan. Some aninialB arc more sus-
sphenoid and pterygoid bones. Only one siiecles,
.llbiilii riiljirs, is known. It is generally distributed in
produced by tliis method. tropical seiLS, and is known in the West Indies and Klorida
ceptible to albinism than others, but probably all are lia-
albescenceial-bcs'ens), H. [< nWw.swwf.] The ble to the dellciency or total lack of pigment which con- iw the latliiM and bonefish. It is interesling from inodi-
u't or .Htiite of growing white or whitish. stitutes this atfectbm. llcations of slrnctnre of 'the heart which suggest the ga-
albescent (al-bos'ont), a. [< L. albc.icen(t-)s, 3. A plant the leaves of which are marked by Holds. Si-e cut iinilcr /(k/i/./ia/i.

ji|<r. of nlliCHrcrr, be<!ome while, inceptive of al- the absence of chliirop"hvl, or whose ilowers are Albulina (al-bii-li'iiii), n. pi. [NI.1., < .ilhula +
hcrr,be white, < <ilbu.i, white.] Becoming white exceplioiially wliite See albinism. -inn.] In (iiinther's classification of fishes, the
or whitish moderately white ; ; of a pale, hoarv albinoism (iil-bi'no-izm), n. Same as albinism. fifth group of CInprida'. 'rbe technical eharncters
Ibe iiicmdi infirior, of mmlcralc widlb and toothed,
albinotic (al-bi-noi'ik), n. [< albino + -otic, nn
ftHpcet; blcaoln-d; bliinchcd. "
arc
the n|ipcr jaw luojcctliig beyond llic lower, and the Inter-
albesplnet (nrin-Hpin), . [<ME. albespync, < in /(///iho/Zc and other words of Or. origin.] Af- maxillary juxtaposed to the upper edge of the maxillary
KV alii,
. ^|linl,\|li^^T aulHspinc, mod. F. aubcjiine fectiil withalliiiiisiii exliiliitiiiglciieiKiii; luung
; bones. Tile group corresponds to the family Albulida:
= ! '
, < ML. 'alba H/iinus, the white- an iilliiiio. An ei|uival(iil form in (dbiuistic. I'lefeiiibly wrillen Albiilinir, as a subfamily.
Ih'- . lof. to thi' whiteniMsof itsburk albione (nl-bi-6'iie). " [M..., after \,.Albiiin, n album (arbiim), n. [L., jirop. iieut. of albus,
" lib III.' blaekthom: Ii. //<, fern, son id Neptune^] A sea-leech a leedi of Ihr ;
wliile.] liom. (Oidi/., a white tablet, on
1. In
of white; npinun, tlie blackthorn, sloe-
(i,i<^, genus I'liiilohtltlla. wliieli the of jiublic otlicers and records
names
tree, < i oo'i, n fhom, spine: nee iipinc.] The albion-metal (arbi-on-met'al). . [< Albion, of iniblic transactions were written, and wliidi
In. V

iiri/acanlha. poetic name of Kiiglniid (< L. '.'(/<, Gr. 'A>,<".ir,

was put lip ill a ]nililie iiliiee. 2. A liook eon-
alb I II.; pi. albirnntia (al-bi- I. an ancient name of ririliiin), + ii7<iM A coiii- HJstiiig iif leaves vnriiitisly pri'imreil for
liliiiik
kill. ritrpus, body: boo o//<i- binatioii made by overbiying lead with tin and
. sjiei-ial purposes, ns for tlie reception or ]ires-
r'lnl.J '
r|,iini albieiintia of the eiuising the two in iiiiliere by passing thorn, un- ervation of iiutograiihs, photographs, verses,
limln. tii'irinilin, under ciirpiiK. der preHSiire, between rollers. ".sentiments," etc.
3. A book expensively
albtrant a. f< L. Wicnn(f- )i,ppr. albito(arbit),. [< I^. n^'iw.'*, while, + -if'-.] A jirinted or bound, contniiiiiig short selections
i,r .' ' n/fciM, white] Heconi- trii-linic Kodn feldspar; acommon minenil, usu- of .)iiietry or jirose, usinilly illustrated, and in-
V. /;. /;. ally white or nearly white, oeeurritig ill eryMtniK leinled lis a gift or an nrinuiient. 4t. In /(/',
nliii' albir/inM. and in eli'nvnble mnsses in gninite veiiiH, also while (silver) money paid as rent.
albn I, w. (< L. fl/'iiV'/rr, pji iiMtitueiit of many crystalline rocks, as albumen (al-bu'meii), n. L. albumin ori, the
\ ;

nil nlliii;int.'\ In liol'.,'ii ili'n iiiiiiid Home kinds of "grniiite. Heejildspar. while of an egg; lit., wliiteiiess, <//".'', white.]
.l.inentof white piitcbeH albitlc (al-bit'ik),rt. [<albilr+ -ic] IVrlaiiiing 1. The white of an egg; hence, an animal and
T'
in f'.lame of vugotablo principle wliieli occurs in its purest
iti>' pliii.ta. to or of thu nuturc of olltitej containing ulbite.
 )

albumen 131 alcatras

albuminin (al-bu'mi-nin), of these consists of an anacrusis, a trochee, a spondee, and
natural form in the white of an ogg: in the [< alhiimr.n (-min-)
n.
+ two dactyls. A second consists of a catalectic iambic iten-
latter sense more correctly called albumin -ill".] Tlio substance of the cells inclosing
tanieter, of which the third foot is always a spondee, and
(whicli see).
2. In hot., any form of nutritive the white of birds' eggs. It contains no nitro- the first may be. A thii'd consists of twr) dactyls followed
matter, whatever its chemical constitution, gen, and dissolves in caustic potash. Also
(allt'<l oiinin.
albuminiparous (al-bu-mi-nip'a-rus), a. [< L.
albumen {-min-) +
-parus, < pdrerc, produce.]
Same as albuminiferous.
At its upper end this latter [duct] has an albuminipa-
rou8 gland attached to it.
Gei/enbaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 383.

albuminize (al-bu.'mi-niz), v. t.; pret. and pp.

albuiniiii:cd, ppr. albuminizing. albumin + [<
-ize.] To convert into albumin; cover or im-
pregnate with albumin, as paper for the silver-
printing of photographs. Also written albu-
men i:e.
albuminoid (al-bu'mi-noid), a. and n. [< L.
albumen {-min-) + -oiel.] I. a. Kesembling al-
bumen or albumin.
During hard work a larger supply than usual of albu-
minoid food is necessary.
W. h. Carpenter, Energy in Nature, p. 192.
Seeds cut vertically, showing their Embryos and Albumen. Albuminoid disease, lardaceous disease (which see, un-
der l(irdaa:iniJ).
stored within the seed and about the embryo. II. n. Asubstance resembling albumin ; pro-
It may be farinaceous, as in the cereals oily and fleshy,
;
teid (which see).
as in many nuts horny, as in the coffee-berry; or bony,
;

as in the vegetable ivory. Also called endosperm. Albu- Also written albmnenoid.
Great Auk {Alca iynpeftnis^.
men glue. .See glue._ albuminoidal (al-bti-mi-noi'dal), a. Relating From a drawing by R. W. Shufeldt after Audubon.
(

albumenize (al-bu'men-iz), v. t. See albumin- to or of the nature of an albuminoid.

ize. albuminone (al-bu'mi-non), n. Same as pep- Ijytwo trochees. Two lines of the first, followed by one
of the second and one of the third, constituto the alcaic
albvunenoid, a, and n. See aJbuminoifl. lone.
strophe, the commonest arrangement of alcaics. The fol-
album grsecum (al'bum gre'kum). [L. lit., albuminose (al-bii'mi-nos), a. [=F. albmni-
; lowing is an example of an alcaic strophe :

Greek white.] The dung of dogs, etc., which, neux = It. albuminnso, < NL. albuminosus, < L. O mighty-mouth'd inventor of harmonies,
from exposure to the air, has become white like albumen (-min-): see albumen, albumin.] 1. O skill'd to sing of Time or Eternity,
chalk. was formerly used as a medicine, and
It Full of or containing albumen applied to the :
God-gifted organ-voice of England,
Milton, a name to resound for ages.
is still used by tanners to soften leather. seeds of certain plants, as grain, palms, etc. Tennyson, Exper. in Quantity, Alcaics.
albumin (al-bti'min), n. [< L. alhum{cn) + -hfi. 2. Pertaining to or of the natm-e of albumin.
[NL., < L. alcaid. alcayde (al-kad' Sp.
pron. al-ka'e-da),
See albumen.'] In chem., a substance named albuminosis (al-bu-mi-no'sis), )(.
;

[< Sji. Pg. alcaide, fonnerly alcayde, a gov-

from the Latin for the white of an egg, in which atbiiiiun (-min-) 4- -osis.] A condition of the ernor,
u.
jailer, warden, < Ai'. eil-qdid, < al, the (see
it in its piu-est natural state (see albu- blood characterized by the presence of more
occurs
n?-2)^ -f. qdiel, leader, governor, prefect, < qada,
men). It is a proximate principle composed of nitrogen, than the usual amount of albumin.
carbon, hydrogen, and o.\ygen, with a little sulithiir, and
lead, govern.] In Spain, Portugal, etc., a com-
albuminous (al-bti'mi-nus), a. Same as albu-
enters generally into the composition of thf aninial and minose, Albiuninous infiltration.
mander of a fortress; a military officer; also
See cloudy swell-
vegetable juices and solids. Animal albumin uIkuhkIs in a jailer.
ing, under ctoudtf.
the serum of the blood, the vitreous and crystalline humors (al-kal'do ; Sp. pron. iil-kal'da), n. [Sp.
of the eye, the so-called coagulable lymph, the juices of albuminousness (al-bu'mi-nus-nes), n. The alcalde
flesh, etc. Vegetable albumin is found in most vegetalde state of being albuminous. alcalde (in Pg. o^cairfe byconfusion with alcaide,
juices and in many seeds in composition and properties
;
albumin-paper (al-bii'min-pa"per), n. Paper alcaid), < Ar. al-eiddi, < al, the, -i- qddi, judge (>
it does not differ greatly from animal albuminr Albumin Turk, l-adi, > E. cadi, q. v.), < qadaij, judge, de-
obtained from eggs or ijlood-serum is used for giving a
sized or coated with albumin, used for ordi-
nary photographic printing. cide.] In Spain and Portugal, and in countries
lustrous coating to photographic paper, and rarely in some
other photographic processes, for fixing colors in printing, albuminuria (al-bii-mi-nu'ri-a), n. [NL., < L. settled by Spaniards or governed by Spanish
and for clarifying syrupy liquids. When heated with such albumen (-)nin-) +
Or. ovpov, urine: see urine.] law, the mayor of a pueblo or town, who is the
liquids it coagulates and sinks to the bottom, or else rises headof the miuiicipal council, and is vested with
as a scum, carrying with it the fine suspended particles
In pathol., the presence of albumin in the urine,
indicating changes in the blood or in the kid- judicial powers similar to those of a justice of
which had made the liquid turbid. Wlien albumin in solu-
tion is digested with a weak acid, it passes into a modi- neys. the peace.
fication distinguished by the following properties it is :
albuminuric (al-bii-mi-nu'rik), a. [< albumi- alcaldeship (al-kal'de-ship), n. The office of
insoluble in water and weak saline solutions, soluble in
weak acids or alkalis, and not coagulated by heat. This nuria + -ic] Pertaining to or characterized by alcalde.
modification is called acid albumin. Similar treatment albuminuria. The heart of the Spanish local system is the Alcatdeship.
C. //. Shinn, Mining Camps, p. 83.
with a weak or strong alkali produces a substance having alburn (al'beru), a. and n. [< ML. alburnus,
nearly tlie same properties as acid albumin, but called whitish (see auburn), first as a noun, LL. al- alcali, alcalimeter, alcaUzable, etc. See al-
alkali albumin. Syntonin is not distinguishable from acid kali, etc.
albumin. Whenasolution of eitheracidoralkali albumin burnus, m'., a white fish, prob. the bleak or blay,
is neutralized, a neutralization precipitate is ol>tained. L. alburnum, neut., sap-wood (see alburnum), < alcamistret, alcamyt, etc. See alclwmist, al-
This, dissolved in acid, gives acid albumin dissolved in ;
alhus, white.] I.t a. An obsolete form of aH6). chemy, etc.
alkali, it gives alkali albumin, though there is reason to
believe that neither the acid nor the alkali combines II. n. 1. Same as alburnum. 2. name A Alcanae (al-ka'ne), n. pi. Same
written alcana, <
[Also
as Alcinw.
chemically with the albumin. Albumin is found in com- sometimes given to the fish commonly called alcanna (al-kan'a), n.

merce in a dry state, being prepared both from the white the bleak. Sp. alcana, alcana (= Pg. alcanna), < Ar. al-
of eggs and from the serum of blood ; 84 dozen eggs pro- liennd,<.al,th.e, + henna, henna.] Same as /((.
alburnous (al-ber'nus), a. [< alburnum., q. v.,
duce about 1.2 gallons of white, which yields l-l per cent, Alcantarine (al-kan'ta-rin), n. [< Sp. Alcan-
of commercial albumin, while the blood of 5 o.xen yields
-f -ous.] Eelatiug to or of the
tara, a city on the Tagus, lit. the Bridge, < Ar.
about 2 lbs. Pure albumin, entirely free from mineral natm-e of albiu-uum.
al, the, + qantarah, abridge. Cf.almucantar.]
matter, begins to coagulate at about 139% and becomes alburnum (al-ber'num), n. [L.,
completely solidified at 167. Coagulated albumin is a sap-wood, prop. neut. of albur- d A member of a branch of the Franciscans
white opaque substance, possessing the property of com-
nus, which appears in ML. in
founded in 1555 by St. Peter of Alcantara
bining readily with a great many coloring materials, such (whence the name). See Franciscan.
as fuchsine, aniline violet, purpuramide, etc. It is em- the sense of 'whitish': see au-
ployed extensively in the arts, as in calico-printing, in btirn.] The lighter-colored and alcarraza (al-ka-ra'za Sp. pron. iil-kar-ra'tha),
;

which it is used to fix i)igmcnts, especially ultramarine, n. [Sp., < Ar. al-kurrdz, < (U, the (see al-^), +
softer part of the wood of exo-
chrome-yellows, etc., upon the fibers of cotton cloth, serv-
ing both as a vehicle for the color and as a varnish. With genous plants, between the in- Aibumum.
kiirrdz, an earthen vessel, pitcher.] A vessel
made of porous unglazed pottery, used in hot
aniline colors, however, it forms a true mordant. Albu- ner bark and the heart-wood. It ao, aibumum. or
sap-wood; *.heart- climates for cooUng water by the evaporation
min process, a little-used process of making plioto- is frequently called sap-wood, and is
grapliic plates, in which albumin is used instead of collo- gra.Inally transformed into heart-wood J'^J:
' P'""
*'
of the moisture oozing through the substance
dion or gelatin. or duramen. Another form is album. of the vessel. Tlie effectiveness of the process is
albuminate (al-bu'mi-niit), n. [< albumen (al- Alca (al'ka), n. [ML. and NL., < Icel. alka, greatly increased by exposure to a cm-rent of air. In the
bumin-) +-afel.] dllca, auk :"see oh/cI.' The leading genus of the
One of a class of bodies in soutliwestern United States commonly called ofla.
which albumin appears to be in weak combina- Alcitla', or auk family of birds. It has been made ti> alcarsin, n. See alkarsin.
the species of the family, but is now gener- alcatotet, . [E. dial., also alkitotle (Exmoor
tion with a base. Alkali albimiinate is regarded cover nearly all

by some as identical casein. mth ally restricted to the great auk, Alca unpenm.i, alone or
with the razor-billed auk, A. torda or Utamania tarda.
Courtshij)) ; origin obscure.] silly elf or fool- A
albumin-beer (al-bii'miu-ber), n. A
preserv- See auk, and cut in next column. ish oaf. Gloss. Exmoor Scolding.
ing bath which has been used for some earl}' alcabala (Sp. pron. al-ka-ba'la), n. Same as Why, you know I [am] an ignorant, unable trifle in such
photographic emulsions, composed of albumin, alcarala. business, an oaf, a simple alcatote, an innocent.
Ford, Fancies, iv. 1.
ammonia, pyrogallic acid, beer, and water. Alcadse (al'ka-de), ii.pl. Same as Alcida:.
albuminiferous (al-bu-mi-nif 'e-rus), a. [< L. alcahest, alcahestic, etc. See eilkahest, etc. alcatras (al'ka-tras), n. [< Sp. Pg. alcatraz, a
albumen (-niin-) +
ferre, bear.] Producing al- (al-ka'ik), a. and n.
Alcaic [< L. Alcaicus, < peUean, etc., prob. a modification of Pg. cdca-
bumin. W, L. Carpenter. Gr. 'A^.KaiKdc, < 'A'Anaioc, AlcEeus.] I. a. 1. Per-
trm =Sp. arcudu:, alcaduz, the bucket of a
albominiform (al-bii'mi-ni-f6rm), a. [< L. al- taining to Alcffius, a IjTic poet of MytUene, in
noria or water-raising wheel, < Ar. al, the, +
bumen{-min-) + -formis,<. forma,iorm..] Formed Lesbos, who flourished about 600 B. 2. C qddus, bucket, < Gr. KaSoc, a water-vessel the ;

like or resembling albumin. [I. c] Pertaining to, of the nature of, or con- term "bucket" being applied to the pelican for
albuminimeter (al-bii-mi-uim'e-ter), n. [< L. sisting of alcaics: as, an atoijc strophe. See 11. the same reason that the Arabs call it saggd,
albumen {-niin-) -t- metrum, < Gr. fiirpov, mea- Alcaic verse. See II. water-carrier, because it carries water in its
sure.] An instrument for measuring the quan- II. H. [I.e.] A
line written in one of the mea- pouch (Devic).] A
Spanish and Portuguese
tity of albumin contained in any liquid. sures invented by Alcseus. The most important one name loosely applied to sundry large sea-birds.
 ' ; :

alcatras 132 alcohol

and the corresponding animal of northern Xorth America Here be the tavern-beakers, and here peep out the fine
as the pelican (PeUcanus), gannet {Siiln), alba- known as the moose. See t*/frl, 2, and iiwo.se. alchemy knaves, looking like most of our gallants, . . .

tross (Diomedea, es^eciaUy JJ. /uligiiwsa), frig- alchemic (al-kem'ik), a. [Formerly alchymic that seem what they are not,
aqiiilus), etc., but of no ex- Middleton, Your Five Gallants, ii.
ate-bird ( Tachtfpetes = F. akhimiquc, < ML. alchimicus, < alchimia, .3.

act signification in omitkologv. alchemy: see alchemy, and cf. chenUe.l Relat- Formerly also spelled alchymy.
alcavala (al-ka-Ta'la), . [Sp. alcabala, alai- ing to or produced by alchemy. Formerly also alchochodental-ko-ko'den), H. [Ar.] Inastrnl.,
viiUi, < At. al-qaMlah. < al, the, + qahdliili. tax, the giver of life or years the planet which is
spelled alchymic. ;

dutv, < qabala, receive: see cnfcrt/.] A tax of At last lowered into the serai-conscious alchemic state the dispositor of hyleg and in aspect with that
one" tenth formerlv imposed in Spaui upon pub- wherein misery turns to habit. planet when a person is born, indicating by its
lie sales and exchanges, and paid by the L. Wallace, Ben-Hur, p. 138.
seller.
position the length of his Ufe.
Also written alcabala. alchemical (al-kem'i-kal), a. Same as alchemic. alchymict, alchymistt, etc. See alchemic, etc.
alcayde, See alcaid. alchemically (al-kem'i'-kal-i), adv. In an al- Alcidae (al'si-dc), n. pi. [NL., < Alca -h -/.]
alcazar (al-kaz'ar; Sp. pron. al-kii'thar), n. chemic manner; by meaus of alchemy. For- The auks a family of natatorial sea-birds hav- ;

rSj). and Pg., a castle, fort, quarter-deck, < Ar. merly also spelled alchymically. ing short wings and tail, palmate three-toed
alqagr, < al. the, + qagr, a fortified place, in LuUy would prove it alchemically. feet, and a bill shaped very variously in the
pi. a castle.] 1. In Spain, a fortress a castle Camden, Remains, Money.
; ;
different species. The body is stout piui clumsy, and
also, a royal palace, even when not fortified. alchemist (al'ke-mist), n. [Early mod. E. /- the legs ai-e inserted far back and deeply buried in the
common integreuent of the body, as in other liinis of the
He was then conducted to the alcaiar, and the keys of chymist, alchimist, alcitmist, alkcmystc (also ^vith order Pyyopodes. The family is variously subdivide<l by
the fortress were put into his hand. added term. -f)'l, *alchemistcr, alchymistci; al-
most obvious division l>eing into the
ditferent wTiters, the
Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., ii. 21.
ehimister, < ME. alcamlster, alkamystere, alka- Alcimv proper, with stont, liooked bills, comprising the
The blessed cross was planted standard in place of the niysfre), < OF. alkcmislc, alqucmistc, mod. F. auks, puffins, etc., and the Uriincp, or guillemots and
of Mahomet, and the banner of the sovereigns floated
triumphantly above the Alcazar. Irviny, Granada, p. 51G.
alchimistc =
STp. alquimista =Pg. It. alchimista, nnirres, with long, slender, acute bills. The family con-
tains some 2.T species of about 12 genera. The Atcidce are
< ML. alchymista, < alchymia : see alchemy and
all marine, and confined to the northern .\tlantic, north-
2. A name given
to certain places of amuse- -ist.~\ One who practises or is versed in alche- ern Pacific, and Polar seas. Alsowritten^icrtdtF. .Seecuts
ment and elsewhere, particularly
in France my. Fonnerly also spelled alchymist. under Alca, murre, andpiijin.
when decorated in the Moorish style. 3. You are an alchi/mivt, make gold of that. alcidine (al'si-din), a. [< Alcida; -i- -inc^.'] In
Xaut., the quarter-deck. Shak., T. of A., V. 1. ornith., pertaining to or resembling the aide
Alee (al'se), n. [XL., < Gr. a/w/, elk: see ettl.] alchemistert,
Same as alchemi.it. family.
A genus of ruminating mammals, comprising alchemistic (al-ke-mis'tik), a. Kelating to or Alcinse (al-si'ne), m. p?. [NL., <.Alca -t- -i'.]
the European elk and the American moose sy- : practising alchemy. A
subfamily of birds, of the family Alcidw, em-
nonymous with Alces (which see). See elk^. Paracelsus informs us that the composition of his "triple bracing the auks proper and tlieir immediate
Alcedidae (al-sed'i-de), Ji. 2'1- Samo as Alcedi- panacea " can be described only in the language of al-
allies. The bill is variously shaped, but .always hard
chemistic adepts.
and horny, stout, compressed, and more or less hooked. Pi'2>. Sci. J/o., XX. 64.
iiidtv.

alcedinid (al-sed'i-nid), ?i. A

bird of the fam- alchemistical (al-ke-mis'ti-kal), a. Same as The leading species of Alcince are the great auk, Alca
inipcnnis; the razor-bill, Alca or Utamania torda; the
ilv Ak-idinhhc; a kingfisher or halcyon.
alchemistic.
purtins, of the genera Fratcrcula and Lunda; and the
Irregular, seculai- ale, courageous, contagious ale, al-
Alcedinidse (al-sf-din'i-de), . pi. [NL., < cumi.-itical torn billed auk, Ccratorhyncha monocerata.
Alcedo (Alcedin-) '+ -i(te.] family of birds, A
ale,
Webster ('!), Weakest Goeth to the Wall, i. 2. alcine^ (al'sin), a.
DeH-er and [< Jte6 -iHfl.] Oforper- +
the kingfishers, referred to the order Fissi- tainingto the elk; noting the group of Ccrvidic
alchemistry (al-kem'is-tri), n. [Early moil. E.
rostres when that group was in vogue, some- to which the elk of Europe and the moose of
alchymistry, alchumistrie, alcumistrie : see alche-
times to a group known as Synducti/U, now to mist and -ry. Ct. chemistry.'] Alchemy. For- America belong.
an order Picariw, which includes many fami- merly also spelled alchymistry. alcine- (al'sin), a. [<Alca + -i>ie^.'} Oforper-
lies of non-passerine insessorial birds. However taining to the auk, Alca, or family Alcida:
alchemize (al'ke-miz), v. t. [Early mod. E. al-
classed, the Alcdinida: form a very natural family of
ehymi:e, alciimi::e, -ise; < alchemy + -ice.] To Alcippe (al-sip'e), n. [NL.,< Gr. 'AA/iiVTrvi in
birds, distin^ished by the cohesion of the third and myth, a daughter of Ares, < d?.Kt/, strength, -f-
(ourtti toes the non-serrate toniia of the long, lai-ge,
; change by alchemy; transmute, as metals. in-jTof, a horse.]
straight, and deeply cleft bill the rudimentary or very
;
Lovelace. [Rare.]
small tongue the small, weak feet, unfitted for progres-
;
That which becks 1. A genus of
sion, usually bare of feathers alwve the tibio-tarsal joint Our ready minds to fellowship divine, cirriped crusta-
the long wings, of 10 priraai'ies and a short tail, of 12
;
A fellowship with essence till we slline ; ceans, of the
rectrices. The family includes a mimber of curious and Full alcheviiz'd and free of space.
alterrant forms, among them two genera {Ceyx and -Un/-
order Abdomina-
Keats, Endymion, i. 781.
oiu) in which the inner front toe is defective. All the At- lia, having three
ci'tiinidfP nest in holes and lay wliite eggs. Tlieir charac- alchemy (al'ko-mi), n. [Early mod. E. also pairs of abdomi-
teristic habit is to sit motionless on tlie watch for their alchyniy, alciimy, idcomy, alctimy, alkimy, etc., < no
nal limbs,
prey, to dart after it, seize it, and return to their i)crch. ME. aikaniyc ; also alknamyr, alkcnamye, alca- thoracic limbs, a
There are about 120 species in various parts of the world, mync, and hence alconomie, olcanomy, alcono- A^,tap.^^fie lampas.
^
* 1 1 1
,

relcrable to about 20 genera. TTle family is divided into I, female, with males seen .15 dark specks
Segmeiltca OOcly,
two subfamilies, Alcedininoi and Dacelonince. Sometimes myc (simulating astronomy) < OF. alkcmie, also on eitlicr side of upper p.irt of the s;ic a, two eyes, exten-
'

; :

called lliif.'njdtiidie. Also Alcedidie. assibilated alchemic (mod. F. alchimic), also female, in section 3. m.ile 4. burrow of ; ;

the iininuil in a shell H. horny disk ol at- sile mouth, and

Alcedininae (al'se-di-ni'ne), n. pi. [NL., < Al- arkcmie, arqiiemic, Pr. /A'/;ia = =
Sp. Pg. <d- tachTnent. In the female c. ovarj- It, tho sexes dis-
;

cedo ( A Ictdiii-) + -ince. ] A

subfamily of A Iccdi- quimia (Pg. also alchimia) =:It. alchimia, < ML. first pair of cirri t, I, n, three thoracic
segments without cirri next are short scg. _ tiuct. It is the type
;

mrfffj embracing the piscivorous or fish-eating alchimia, alchymia, < MGr. apxif'Ct, < Ar. al- mcnts bearing three abdominal terminal j^,n[ only member of
In the male <r. antennary appen.
as distinguished from the insectivorous king- kimki, < al, the"(seo al-"), + kimia, < MGr. A'/Z'f''")
cirri. *..;,., ,;.,.,..,.
dages;*. seminal vesicle ;rf,testiJ;!/;pe. fnnnly Alcippldie.
fishers, or DacelonintB. It consists of about genera also X'//''") alchemy, defined by Suiitas as /) Toii nis; *. orifice of sac o, eye. A species, .-t. (llllljins, ;

is fotmd on the Hrit-

and some W species one of the genera, Ceryle, includes all apyvpov Kal xp^^^i^ naraanev//, i. o., the "orepara-
;

the klngtl.'iliers of America. The commmi kingfisher of tion of silver and gold. Joannes Antiochonus ish coast, burrowing in shells of
Europe, Aic.do UpUia, and the belted kingfisher of North
America. C>ryle alcyon, are typical examples.
alcedinine (al-scd'i-nin), a. [< Alccdinbuc.'] Egyptians
llavinj; the characters of or pertaining to tlio
.lli-'diiiiiiir: applied to the ^dscivorous as dis-
Fums ami Jluccinum
(whelks).
says that Diocletian burned the books of the 2. A genus of birds, of uncertain position,
~Fpl XW'<^S ujiyviioh ml ,vpi'ooi, i. e., classed by G. B. Gray (1869) as one of tho
concerning the transmutation of silver and .lu/ithiiiida:. It was founded by K. lilyth in ls-14. and
gold hence Iho name has been identified with contains 12 species, inhabiting India, t'hina, the Malay
;

peninsula, and liorneo. .1. cinereii is the type.

tini.'iii-*lii-d frjra the halcyonine kingfishers.
Xr/fiia, tlie Gr. form of h'hnii, the native name of
Egypt, lit. black earth' but ;f/////a is prob. for
' alcippid (al-sip'id), )i. l<. .Ileipi>i<la:'\ An ab-
Alcedinoides (alse-di-noi'de-o), H. pi. [NL., ;

dominal cirriped of the family .tlcippida'.

< Alcedo {Alcciiin-) '+ -oidca."] supcrfamily Xvpcia, a mingling, an infusion, < X''l""'' j^'^'^^i Alcippidae ,il-sip'i-de), n. pi. [NL.,< .llcippc,
A
of bir<ls, containing the families Alccdinidw, esp. juice of plants (> E. chyme, q. v.), < ,r'f"'>
Ititrirolida, Momotidic, Todida; and Mcrnjiidw. pour, akin to L. funderc AS. (iivtuii, ])our, ), + -I'/"'.] = A. family of cirripeds of winch
thus bo origi- .Ucip}i( is the typical genus.
Alcedo (al-Ho'do), n. [L., also iiupro]i. hidccdo, and to E. (jiish. Alchemy would
u kiiiglislier; the same, witli different suffix, as nally the art of extracting juices
from iilants Alcmanian (alk-mil'ni-an), a. [< L. AlemanMis,
< (ir. 'A/M/(Jr, Doric of \\'Ai<pn!uv^ Pertainingto
(ir. ii/Mi'.iv, > L. alci/oii, halcyon, a kingfislicr: see for medicinal purposes.] 1. Medieval chemis-

halcyon.'^ A genus of kingfishers, of the family try, tlie doctrines and processes of the early Alcnian, aSjiartan lyrii' ]ioct of the seventh cen-
the sup- tury 11. v., celebrated for his iiinatory versos.
Alccdinidw and subfamily Atccdinina; giving and medieval chemists; in particular, Alcmanian verse ttr line, a dactylic tetramett^r cataloe-
posed Jirocess, or tho search for the jirocess.
name to these. A. ispida is the common species tle, HI- series nt three dactyls or spondees (the third foot

of Europe. by which it was hoped to transmute tho baser regularly a dactyl), followed by a spninleo or trochee. A
Hcf .tlritlinidm and l-iiKjfi.sher.
metals into gold. coujilet consisting of a hexameter tollowed by such aline
Alcelapnins Oii-sei-a-n'no), . pi. NL., < Al- |
Is called an .Alcmanian dtJtlich, and this may be tised sin-
riliiidiu.H + -I"".) A Hubfaiiiily of bovine anto- fancy Alchcmii was, we may say, tho sickly but Imaginative In-
or double IIS an Alcmanian atnijihc or etan2a.
through which modern chemistry had to piuiH bifori' gle
lopcH, conlniniii^ largo specicH, sudi as those of
It atlaimd it majority, or. In other worils, became a
|"i aico (al'ko), 11. [Native name.] A variety of
Ihn (nnra Alrjl/ijiliitu and ConnnclKiitx, or the Hive wicnce. Jinri/c. Itrit., I. 4.M1. siiimII ilog, with n siiinll head and large jienilu-
t>.' of Africa
the lnirl-boeKts, 2. Any magical or mysterioiis power or process lous I'urs, found wild in Mexico and Peru, and
I' See cut under hlinhok. of transmuting or transforming. now ilcunesticated.
All i-fiis), n. [NL., < (ir. <i/(,7, Go laugh, transmuting Imps Into angels liy the at alcoate (al'ko-at), .
. A contracted form of
. .
"''
The tj'picnl genim of (he chcmy of smiles.
1 .Ucntt, Tabids, p. Ill
<(/i'o/l.i/</f('.
^'' '' The If-Ailing K|MTifR ari! tin-
.
In the liny cellulose sac, by the vegetable pnilopbinin alcogene (al'ko-jen), )i. [< alco(hol) -t- -gene.']
'"'
the hartlwunl (^. raaiiul), la wrought tho very atchcimf nt life.
1,

21.
The vapor-cooler in a distilling apparatus. A'.
/(. Ilrrrick, riant I-lfe, p.
.v.
/;. I).
Alc< .Ik. =('r. h^Kr], elk. = 3. Formerly, a mixed metal used for utensils,
alcohate (al'ko-hat), . A contracted form of
v.. of ruininnnt iiiiwiiinuU a modilication of brass: so calh'd because bi-
itliiihiiliite.
of '/'. Ill' iir, -f iiiilneli"'' lii'Ved to have Ix^m originally formed liy the
la'
\
alcohol (nl'ko-hon, 11. [Formerly also spelled
h nt Iho art of alchemv ; hence, an imil iilion. as alchemy = Si).
W|r ihront Hinihiilc, iilkdhol, (, V. iilcidiol, now alcool,
l>
!. long
;
was supposed to bo of brass: used liguralively I'g. idndiiil z= It. alcohol, olcoid, olanile, < Mli,
mil, but by Milton for a tnimpid. (di'ohol, orig. in the sonso of a line, imiialpable
r. The I'Miir speedy (Tiernbim
jiowder, Ihe lilack suljihid of anliinoiiv, after-
urirlli'ii, I'ut to their moulhi tlio sounding alchumy-
i.'jftiicrn i.'irupc call' d thn elk MUlon. V. L, II. t.17. ward extended to any lin(> jiowilir ]ii'i)(luced by
 , .

alcohol 133 Alcyonidlidae

trituration or sublimation, tlien to essence, alcoholization (al"ko-hol-i-za'shon), II. 1. 2. 3. The specific name of the belted king-
quintessence, or spirit, esp. tlie rectified spir- The act of rectifying spirit till it is wholly de- fisher of North America, Ceryle alcyon. 4. A
its of wine, and finally used as at present; < Ar. pri"od of impurities.
2. Saturation with alco- general name of the kingfishers of the genus
al-koh't, < al, the, +
koh'l, the fine powder of an- hol, or exposure to its action. 3t. The act of Halcyon and others of the subfamily Vaceloni-
timony used in the East to paint the eyebrows, re(iu(dng a substance to an impalpable powder. u(F : as, the vfood-alajons, tree-alcyons, etc.
Kkaliahi, stain, paint.] 1. A liquid, ethyl hy- I'hilliii.'i, l(i7.S.
4. Same as alcoholism. II. '(. Same as halcyon.
drate, C2H5OH, formed by the fermentation of Also spelled alcohoHsalion, Alcyonaria (al"si-o-na'ri-a), n. pi. [NL., <
aqueous sugar-solutions, or by the destructive alcoholize (afko-liol-i/), v. t.; pret. and pp. al- .Mcyonium 4- -aria.] An order of actinozoan
distillation of organic bodies, as wood. Ahsulutc cohiiH;:iil, ppr. alcoholizing. [< alcohol + -izi:.] corals, or, as some hold, a subclass of coralli-
or pure alcohol is a uoloi-less motile liiiuid, of a pleasant 1. To convert into alcohol rectify (.spirit) till
; genous Aciinozoa, distinguished in this use
spirituous smell and burning taste, of specific gravity .TXi
at BO' F., and boiling at 173" V. It is iullamniable, and
it is wholly purified.
2. To saturate mth al- from Zoantharia, the other subclass of Actinozon
burns without smoke or residue, the products of combus-
cohol expose to the influence or subject to the (whichcontainsthesea-anemones, etc.), byhav-
;

tion being carbon dioxid and water. At very low tem- effects of alcohol. ing pinnately fringed instead of simple tenta-
peratures it becomes viscid, but does nut congeal above The gnm will not penetrate any part which is still alco- cles, arranged aroujidthe mouth like the rays of
200, and for this reason is used for filling thermometers holized. W. B. Carpenter, Micros., l!tl. a starfish, whence the alternative name .Iste-
to register low temperatures. It mixes with water in all
roida. The tentacles of Alcyonaria arc in one series of
proportions, is a general solvent for organic principles, 3+. To reduce to an impalpable powder. I'hil-
bases, resins, oils, etc., and as such has extensive use in the 8, instead of or a nniltiplc of whence the alternative (J (i,
Ups, 1706; Johnson. name Octocoralla, the sea-anemones being known as Ilexa-
arts and in medicine. Ditf erent grades of alcohol are some-
Also spoiled alcoholise. coralla. F<tr the same reason, the Alcyonaria are also
times designated in trade according to the source from
wliich they are derived, as <p-aiu-alroli<il, ]n\]'in<\<\ fri>ni alcoholometer (al"ko-hol-om'e-ter), n. [< al- termed Octacti niw. The corallum, when jH-esent, is ex-
maize or other grain root-alcohol, fimn imtatorsjiiul lict-ts
; colwl -I- Gr. /itTpov, measure.] An instrument ternal, spicnlar, or with a selerobasic axis, but occasion-
;

moKn-alcokol, which is made in large iiuantity from reindccr-
moss and Iceland moss in Norway, Sweden, and Kussia.
Alcohol is a powerful stimulant and antiseptic, and in some the percentage,
dilute form is used as an intoxicating beverage among all
races and conditions of people. Proof spirit contains 49.3
per cent, by weight of pure alcohoh or 57.1 per cent, by
volume. Underproof and overproof are designations of
wealier and stronger solutions. Distilled liquors or ardent
spirits, whisky, brandy, gin, etc., contain 40 to 50 per
cent, of absolute alcohol, wines from 7 or 8 to 20, ale and
for determining, by means of a graduated scale,
either by weight or by volume,
of pure alcohol in a liquid. Sometimes con- fluids. There is sometimes an outer skeleton, either with
tracted to alcohoinctcr and alcoometer.
alcoholometrical (al"ko-hol-o-met'ri-kal),
Relating to the alcoholometer or to alcoholome-
try: as, alcoholometrical tables.
contracted to alcoometrical.
ally thecal or tuljular. The polyps are connected by the
cccnosarc, through which permeate prolongations of the
body-cavity of each, thus permitting a free circulation r,f
or without a central scleroljasic axis, llie corallum is
rarely thecal, never presenting traces of septa. (Pascoe.)
a.
These compound organisms are found only in deep water,
and, except the sea-pens, are fixed to some foreign body.
Sometimes The subclass or order is divided into several orders or suit-
orders, of which are (a) the Alcyoniaceoe, having a lea-
:

porter from 5 to 7, and beer from 2 to 10.

alcoholometry (al"ko-hol-om'e-tri), n. [< al-
thery contractile ectoderm
a group including the 60-
2. lu popular usage, any liquor containing this coliotunictor.] The process of estimating the
spirit.
3. In organic chcin., the general name percentage of ptu'e or absolute alcohol in a
of a series of compounds which may be regarded spirituous liquid. Sometimes contracted to al-
as derived from the normal hydi-ocarbons by re- coiiinctrij.
placing hydrogen with the group OH, orhydrox- See alcohol-
alcohometer (al-ko-hom'e-ter), n.
yl, and which correspond to the hydroxids of
oinctcr.
the metals. Such compounds are classed as primary, [NL., < Alca +
gecondary, or tertiary alcohols, according to their constitu-
Alcoideae (al-koi'df-e), n. pi.
tion and the products of their decomposition. Primary -didea:] A superfamily of birds, composed of
alcohols are regarded as containing the group CHoOH, and the Alcidw or auks and the Urinatorida: or
by oxidation yield aldehyde and ultimately an acid of the loons, and placed in the order Cecomorpha.
same carbon series. Secnn<l;iry alcohols are regarded as See alcohol-
containing the group CH< HI, and by oxidation do not yield
alcoometer (al-ko-om'e-ter), n.
aldehyde, but a ketone, which on further oxidation breaks ometer.
up into two acids of a lower carbon series. Tertiary alco- alcoometrical (al"ko-o-met'ri-kal), a. See alco-
hols are regarded as having the group COH, and break up holometrical.
at once on oxidation into two acids of a lower carbon series.
Alcoran (al'ko-ran or al-ko-ran'), n. [< ME.
4t. Aji impalpable powder.
alkaron, alkar'ouii, < OF. alcorau, mod. F. alco-
ji /cycnu rill
If the same reduced into alcohol as the
salt shall be
chymists speak, or an impalpable powder, the particles and ro =
Sp. alcoran
Vg. alcorao lt. alcoraiio, = I, Sea-fan {Rhipidogorgia Jtabellum) 2, Sea-pen {Pennatula
;

intercepted spaces will Ije extremely lessened. Boyle, < Ar. al-qordn, al-qurdn, lit. the book, < al, the, fhosphorea) 3, Cornittaria ruOSa.
;

AmyliC alcohol (C^HnO), also called hydrate of amyl, + qoran, qurdn : see Koran.] Same as Koran. called dead men's fingers; (6) theGor7oniarc,orsea-fau8,
a general name applicable to eight isomeric alcohols hav- Also s-peWeA Alkoran. which are branched calcareous or horny corals ; (c) the Isi-
ing the formula given. The most common, inactive amyl dacecf, which are alternately calcareous and horny
alcohol, is a transparent colorless liquid, with a strong,
Alcoranic (al-ko-ran'ik), a. Relating to the id) ;

Koran or to Mohammedanism. Also spelled the Tubiporacece, or organ-pipe corals, which are tubular ;

offensive odor, derived from the fermentation of starchy and (e) the Pennalulacem, or sea-pens. See these words.
matters. It is the chief constituent of fusel-oil, a pro- Alkornnic. Some species have the appearance of sponges, others re-
duct of fermentation in distilleries, which is contained in Alcoranish (al-ko-ran'ish), a. [< Alcoran + semble fans, feathers, stars, etc. Also called Ilalcyoiwida.
crude spirit, and whose presence, even in small quantity,
injures the quality of the spirit.
Anhydrous alcohol,
-(s/|i.] Same as Alcoranic. Also spelled Al- alcyonarian (al"si-o-na'ri-an), a. and n. [<
alcohol entirely free from water.
Caustic alcohol, so- koraiiish. Alcyoiitiria -h -an.] 1. a. Relating or pertain-
dium ethylate, CoHsNaO, or sodium alcoholate, a product Alcoranist (al-ko-ran'ist), n. Alcoran -t-
[<. ing to the order or to a member of the order
formed by adding sodium to absolute alcohol. It forms a
white powder, which in contact with water or moist ani-
-ist.] A Mussulman who adheres strictly to the Alcyonaria. Equivalent terms are halcyonoid
mal tissue decomposes into alcohol and caustic soda. It is letter of the Koran, rejecting all comments. and asteroidal.
used in medicine as a caustic.
Cresylic alcohol. See The Persians are generally Alcoranists the Turks, Arabs,
an(l Tatars admit a multitude of traditions.
;

Also spelled
II, n. One of the Alcyonaria (which see).
cresytk.MetbyUc or methyl alcohol, "i wood-alco- Various forms of alcyonaria afi, a special group of corals,
Alkoranist.
hol, alcohol obtained by the destructivi^ distillation of were found at considerable dejiths. Science, IV. 171.
wood. When pure it is a colorless moliili- liquid (i'lI;;OH), Alcora porcelain. See porcelain.
Also written halcyonarian.
with an odor and taste like ordinary alcnbol (ctliyl hydrate, alcornoque (iil-kor-no'ka), n. [Sp. Pg. alcor-
[L.,< Gr. in
C2H5OH see above), though the conunercial article has a
;
noqne {> alcornoch, the cork-tree); origin
It. Alcyone (al-si'o-ne), n. 'A7kv6v7/,
strong pyroligneous smell. It is infiammable. It is a by-
uncertain. Cf. Sp. Pg. edcorque, cork soles or myth, the daughter of ^olus and wife of CejTt,
product in the manufacture of charcoal, and is used in the
arts as a solvent for resins, also in the manufacture of clogs, cork, Sp. corcho, Pg. corcha, cork; but
a Thessalian king she was changed into a king-
;

fisher and her husband into a sea-bird. See

aniline dyes. Also called wood-spirit, methal, and hydrate no etymological connection can be made out.]
of methyl. alcyon.] 1. A greenish star of magnitude 3.0,
+ The bark of a Brazilian leguminous tree, Bow-
alcoholate (al'ko-hol-at), . [< alcohol -nfel.] the brightest of the Pleiades, ?/ Tauri. See
dichia virgilioides, formerly used as a remedy for
A compound in which a hydrogen atom of al-
phthisis. Also written alcornoco American al- cut under Pleiades.
2. In ornith., a genus of
cohol is replaced by an alkali metal, as potas- cornoque, the bark of several species al Byrnonima, used kingfishers, of the family Alccdinidce, subfamily
sium alcoholate, or ethylate, C2H5OK, formed, in tanning'. European alcornoque, the bark of the Dacelonince, related to the genus CevJ, both be-
with evolution of hydrogen, when metallic po- smaller branches of tlic cink-'iak, Qucrcus suber. ing distinguished by the nidimentary condition
tassium is dissolved in alcohol. Sometimes alcove (al'kov or al-kov'), n. [< F. alcure, < It. of the inner front toe. Also written Hulcyone.
contracted to alcoate, alcohate. alcova, alcovo = OF. aucubc, tent, =Pr. alciiba, Alcyonella (al'si-o-nel'a), . [NL., as Alcyo-
alcoholature (al-ko-hol'a-tiir), F. alcoola-
. [< < Sp. alcora, nov,' alcoba, =
Fg. alcova, a recess, n{iitm) -I- dim. -ell'a.] A genus of fresh-water
turc : see alcohol.'] An alcoholic tincture pre- < Ar. al-qobbah, < al, the, +
qobbah, a vault, Polyzoa, or so-called ascidian zoophytes, related
pared with fresh plants. N. E. D. a vaulted space, dome, tent, alcove, < qubba, to Pliimatella, Fredericella, and Cristatella, of the
alcohol-engine (arko-hol-en"jin), n. motor A vault, arch, dome. NoconnectionwithE. cofel.] family Plumatellida: A. utaynorum is of a greenish-
employing the vapor of alcohol in place of steam. A covered recess. Speciflcally (a) In the strictest black color, and is found in stagnant water. The species
alcoholic (al-ko-hol'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to or sense, any recessed bay or small room attached to a larger were formerly regarded as plants. Also written Halcyo-
of the nature of alcohol.
2. Containing or us- one, having a coved or vaulted ceiling, (b) Most coTunionly,
a recess in a room for the reception of a bed, one of the re-
nclla.
Alcyoniaceae (aVsi-on-i-a'sf-e), n. pi. [NL., <
ing alcohol: as, an alcoholic thermometer. cesses or separate compartments for books in a library- Alcyonium + -acew.] An order of Alcyonaria
alcoholicity (al"ko-hol-is'i-ti), n. [< alcoholic building, a niche for a seat or statue, etc. (c) An arched
(which see) considered as a subclass. It is char-
+ -itij.] Alcoholic quality. or covered seat in a garden, or any natural recess, as a
acterized by having a leathery contractile ectoderm with
clear space in a grove or wood, a small bay, a place nearly
Some brandy is added to the wine, by which its alcohol- calcareous spicules, but no sclerobasis ; the polypary is at-
inclosed by rocks or hills, and the like. [In this use, chiefly
icitif rises to ai>out 29 per cent, of proof spirit. tached to some foreign object, and bears some resemblance
poetical.]
Ure, Diet., IV. 950. to a sponge. Theorderconsistsof thefamilies^l/ci/oHiiVfcE
On mossy banks, beneath the citron grove. and Cornulariidiv, to which some authorities add Teles-
alcoholisable, etc. See alcoholi-ahle, etc. The youthful wand'rers found a wide alcove.
tid(F. See Alcyoniidm. Also written Halcyoniacece.
alcoholism (al'ko-hol-izm), h. [< alcohol + Falconer, Shipwreck.
alcyonic (al-si-on'ik), a. [< Alcyonium + -ic]
-ism.] In pathol., the effects of excessive use alcumistt, alcumyt. Former spellings of id- Pertaining to the Alcyoniidm. Also written
of alcoholic drinks. They are distinguished as acute. chemist, alchemy. hiileyonic.
resulting from the consumption of a large amount of and a. [L.,< Gr. cO.kvuv, the Alcyonidiidae (al"si-on-i-di'i-de), n. pi. [NL.,
alcoholic drink at once or within a short period, and
alcyon (al'si-qn), n.
chronic, resulting from its habitual consumption in smaller kingfisher; also written erroneously d/.TOwi', >L. < Alcyonidiuin -I- -ida\] family of Polyzoa, or A
(luantitifs. halci/on, > E. halci/on, the form now usual: see so-called ascidian zoophytes, belonging to the
aicoholizable (al'ko-hol-i"za-bl), a.
[< alcohol- halc'i/on.] I. . 1. An old or poetical name of infundibulate order (Gymnolwmata) of that
ize + -able] Capableof yiekKingorof beingoon- the kingfisher. Commonly written halcyon. 2.
class, the mouth having no epistome. The family
verted into alcohol. Also spelled alcoholisable. [cop. ] A
genus of kingfishers same as Halcyon : forms with the Vesiculariidce a group or suborder whicb
 134 ale-conner
Alcyonidiidse
the cell-opening being closed times called black alder, the iJAnmrnMoMi/bJia
dwarf .al-
Aldriant, ' [Perhaps Ai:] A star in the
has been caSXeA aenosumata. der, and the CMhra alnl/olia white
alder. jjp^.j^ gj- ({jp Lion. Chaucer.
VvUh marginal seuc, anJ there beins
no vlbracu^ and no
ivicUarii Alannidium is the leading
or only genus. alderSf, . and n. old torm oi elder''. An Aldrovandine (al-dro-van'din), a. Of or per-
\lso tmtten Alcvomdi,id^.
Al<ryomdid<t,imd Halcyom- alder^t, allert, [ilE., also written alther, al- twining to the naturaUst Ulisse Aldrovandi
with Alcyomtdtr^
,'i.7-;,T; not to be "confounded dre, ahi; aire, < AS. <=/ra, also aha, gen. pi. of (jsoo.'igoT) as, Aldro-
AlcyonidiUin (al'si-o-md'i-um), n. [NL., as Al- The d is msertea as al-eall,M: see " ^
m ;;^.g ^^j ^j^^ g
:

njoH-ium + dim. -hlium, < Gr. wrf/ov.] Agenus of rffrl.] The Middle English genitive plural of
iarotandii.
I'olvoa family Akiiomdiidw.
I'oluzoa. of the famUv Alciiomdnda: A. glutiiw.
gl
all. From its common occurrence before adjectives in the j. (^^s ME.
mer _ [< rt^f,. <
,m one of the species, is called r.ied-staff or mermaids
'' l
.umon<: superlative it came to be regarded as a. prefix of such ad- .
and was formerly as a plant.
furraerly regarded ai w
Also written -f*-*- eaiti, also eaio, im-
gloTc.
glore. as aWff-nwf.fiistof all; aWer-!-.(,bestof all;
iectives-
' ' " '--- '
alder-liefext OT alder-lifvcst, dearest of all. It is also used, prop, rato (so uom. and m
Alcybniida (al'si-o-m
+ -irffB.] A
the order Alcyoniacecv.
i-de), "i' P;
larian
family of alcyoni

The leading
in the form aller, w ith the genitive plural
nouns: as, i/oif alhr, of all
us ; here alUr, of all of them.
of you ; oure
of pei-sonal pro-
alter, of all ot
ace, but gen. and dat.
ealoth, alotli, pointing to
an orig. stem "alut), =
oiiium (which see). Representatives of the A-morwe whan the day bigan to sprynge. OS. alo (in comp. alo-fat
and in all seas and at various depths; some Up ros our hoste, and was oure ailer cok.
rk-polj-ps. -Uso written AUyonida wa Hal- Chaimr, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 823. = AS. calofwt, an ale-

'jt to be confounded
with Alcpoiiidiidce.
You, mine aider-liefest sovereign. Shak., 2 Hen.V^., i. 1. cup, > E. ale-vat) = leel.
alcyonite (al'si-o-nit), h. [< Alcyonium + -ifeS.] (al'der-lnik' thorn), The Sw. Dan. o7, ale, =OBulg. Device of Aldus, from Statius.
alder-buckthorn
Uke the genus Alcyoviiim; one ot European plant i?/(ms-f'3'.
)i.
Sloven, ol,=
\ fossil of or SeeSham- olii,cider,
the sponge-like fossils common in the chalk
for-
n US.
vol
olej, =
OPruss. alu Lith. afifs = = Lett. alius
" Cf. Gael, and
mation. Also \vritten haJcyoiiite. (> Finn, ohit), beer. Ir. ol,
alderman (al'der-man), n. pi. aldermen (-men). A made from
Alcyonium (al-sio'ni-um), n. [XL., < L. al- [< ME. aUlennan, aldermon, < AS. ealdorman (=
;
drink.] 1. light-colored beer,
cyonium, also alcyoneum. < Gr. a/Kv6vtov, also ONorth. (Mormon, -maiui, vwnn), < ealdor, a malt which is dried at a low heat. See iecr.
i/.Kv6mov, bastard-sponge, a zoophyte, so called Pale ale is made from the palest or lightest-colored malt,
prince, chief, elder, -t- man (mann, mon, monn). the fermenting temperature being kept below 72* to pre-
from its resemblance to the nest of the a/.Kvuv, man: see alder^, elder^, n., and man.']_ 1. In the vent the formation of acetic acid.
halcvon: see alcyon.] The leading genus of .
, ,

Anglo-Saxon period of English history, a title 2t. .Aji alc-di-inking: a festival or merrymaking
poh-ps of the family Alcyoniida; (which see). A. simply chieftain or lord, but meaning at fii-st at which ale was the beverage di-unk. Com-
Svji'tatum, the soMJallcd dead mens fingers, dead men s
toes and cow's paps, is a common British species. It is later used specifically to denote the chief magis- pare hrklal, church-ale, clerk-ale, etc.
a spongy-looking body, pellucid when distended
lo'bed trate of a cotmty or group of counties. The office Every inhabitant of the town of Okebrook shall be at
with water and covered with stellate apertures for the was both civil and military, and was tending to become a the several ales ; and every husband and his wife shall
polvps (Pasax.) A. glumeratum is another species. great hereditary benefice when it was replaced, under Ca- pay two-pence, every cottager one penny.
Tlic name of the genus is synonj-mous with
Loiulana. nute, by the earldom. After this the name was applied to Ijuoted in .V. and Q., 6th ser., X. 391.
UaU-yumum. any head man, as the head man of a guild.
.K\i written
[< Alcyonitm +
3t. A brew of ale ; as much ale as is brewed
alcyonoid (al'si-o-noid), n. If the earlier kingdoms were restored, the place of the at one time.
-oid. ]A member of the family A Icyon iidwoT of king in each was taken by an ealdorman, who, however
Witnesseth, that the inhabitants, as well of the said
independent and powerful he might be, was still named
the order Alcyoniacex. Also written halcyonoid. parish of Elvaston as of the said town of Okebrook, shall
by the West-Saxon sovereign, and could be deposed by
aldayt, [ME.,<a?, all, + t?ayl.] Constant-
'"^'c-
that ruler and the national \Vitan.
brew four ale^, and every ale of one quai-ter of malt, and
Chaucer. nt their own costs and charges, betwLxt this and the feast
ly; (joutinually; always. J. Ji. Green, Conq. of Eng., p. 24S.
of .St. John Baptist next coining.
Aldebaran (al ile-ba-riin' or al-deb'a-ran), n. The eatdormen were nobles by birth, and generally the Quoted iu ^'. and Q., 6th ser., X. 391.
[.\r., the follower (i. e. of the Pleiades').] A leaders in war. StilU, Stud. Med. Hist., p. 203.
4t. -A-n ale-house.
chrome star of magnitude 1.0; a Tauri. Hence 2. In modem usage, a magistrate of a Thou hast not so much charity in thee as to go to the
aldehyde (al'de-lud), n. [< al(cohoT) + NL. dc- city or borough, next in rank to the mayor. In ale with a Christian. Shak., T. G. ot V., ii. 5.
deprived of hydrogen, < L. dc,
hy<i{rtiijfnatux)', England and Ireland, besides being a member of the com- O, Tom, that we were now at Putney, at the ale there.
from. e.\pressiug deprivation, + hydrogen. 1. '\
mon council, which manages the atfaii-sof the municipality, Thiimait, Lord Cromwell, iii. 1.
he is vested with the powers of a police judge. The corre-
A transparent colorless liquid, CII3COH, of sponding title in Scotland is hailie. Aldermen are usually Adam's ale. See .idnHi. Bitter ale, bitter beer, a
clear, strong, highly liojiped ale. of a pleasant bitter tiiste.
pungent suffocating odor, produced by the o.\- ehbsen for three years, but the twenty-six aldermen of Lou- Medicated ale, ale which is prepared for medicinal
idation of ordinary alcohol. When exposed to the don aie chosen iov life. In most of the United .States there purpiises li> an infusion of herbs during fermentation.
air or to oxygen it is converted into acetic acid. Distinc- is in each city an elected board of aldermen, representing
tively called acetic aidefii/de and cttialdehydc. wards, who constitute the municipal .assembly, or the up- aleak i,;i-iC-k'), prep. plir. as adv. [< rt^ -f leak,
per branch of it where it consists of two l>ndies, and usually q. \\] In or into a leaking state.
2. The general name of a class of compounds
intermediate between alcohols and acids, de-
also possess some judicial powers. In Pennsylvaniaii cities aleatico (al-e-at'i-ko), n. [It.] sweet and A
the title alderman is given to an officer having duties equiv- made in Tuscany. It is of dark-
rived from their corresponding primaiy alco- strong red wine
alent to those of a justice of the peace elsewhere.
red color, has a delicate flavor and perfmne, and is one of
hols Viy the o.xidation and removal of two atoms 3. In England, a half-crown: a meaning ex- the best of very sweet wines.
of hydrogen, and converted into acids by the plaiiicd by Brewer as contuiuing an allusion to aleatory (a''le-a-t6-ri), a. [< L. aleatorius, per-
addition of an atom of o.xygen Aldehyde realn, the fact that an alderman is a sort of half-king. taining to a gamester or to gaming, < <dea1or, a
arcsinous body formed by heating aldehyde witli potash in [Slang.] 4. Atui-key. [Slang.] -Alderman In gauK'slcr, a player with dice, < ulea, a gamo
alcoholic solntirtn. It is a bright orange-colored powder,
chains, a turkey hung with sausages. [Slang.] Alder- \\\t\i dice.] Literally, depending upon tho
Bpariii^ly soluble in water, hut readily soluble in alcohol.
man's pace, a slow, stately ]jftce: etiuivalcnt to the
aldehydic (al'de-hi-tlik), a. Of, pertaining to, Flench jia-'! d'ahhi\ throw of a die; hcnco, depending on a con-
or containing aldehyde. aldermanate (nl'dcr-man-at), w. [< alderman + tingent event. Aleatory contract, in Ian; an agrce-
dial, aller, also Older; The ollico of alderman ; aldermen col- nicnt the conditions of winch depend on an uncertain
alder' (al'di-r), n. [E. -ati'-K']
event.--Aleatory sale, a sale the completion of which
< 3ilE. ulder, aldyr, aldir, also aller, ellir, olr, etc., lectivclv depends on the happening of some uncertain event.
the d being in- ,f'-v.^ aldermancy (al'der-man-si), . [<alderman+ aleavementt, Hco allevement.
Hcrted as in oWer -cy. as in ahhacy and other words of ult. L. on- ale-bench (al'bcnch), v. [ME. not found ; < AS.
for gen. pi.
//' r, pin.] Tho otliee of an aUlennan; aldermanate, sco ale anil hcnch.] bench in or
'
aitn-liene : A
'

of//{Bee<(W<c3); aldermanic (al-aei-mun'ik), . [< alderman jj^.foi.u a ale-house, +

< AS. air, alor, -ic] Kelating or belonging to an alderman; sit on their n^-fe-nr/i with their cups and cans,
nler = D. =
els characteristic of aldermen. Mamlatj and Olhem, Sir John Uhleastle, 1. i.

LO. t7/er = OHG. aldermanity (iil-der-man'i-ti), ._ [< alderman ale-berry (nl'ber'i'), . [Early mod. E. oYcho'y,
elira, crila, crlti, -t--i7)/.J 1." Aldermen conectively the body (di -In lie, MK. aliiiery, alberey, alehrey, albry.

; <.

MUG. eric, G. of aldeiiiiiii. J!. .Jniison. 2. The dignity or all lire, < ale, ale, -f- lire, also spelled breire, broth,
rrli; dial, cllcr, qualities of an alderman, l.iimh. soup (> liree, hroo, q. v.), < AS. briii; broth.
the, = Icel. iilr, alderman-lizard (ardi'i-niaM-liz"iird), . A Tho word is thus jirop. ale-brcc, or ale-brew,
eirir, m., elri, book-naiiK^ of tlie Sauromalus airr, a stout ale-broo. the second element being perverted in
nent., Sw. al, = Alder f^Atnut ululirtesa^. black Calil'ornian lizard: so called from its simulation of ftcrn/l.] beverage formerly A
dial, alder, Aider, obesity, a characteristic popularly attributed made bv boiling alo with spice, sugar, and sops
= Norw. Wtr, also or, elle, = Dan. el, pi. ellc, = to aldermen. It attains a length of about a of lireatl.
fioth. 'aliza, 'alu::a (> 8p. aliso, alder) L. = foot. See Smiramalus. ale-brewer (al'br8''fr), . One whose occupa-
a/iiiM, orig. 'nUnuK (> F. nunc, alder, and pcr- aldermanly (nl'<l<i-man-li), a. \< alderman -'r tion is the brewing of ale.
t. if.i S].. Va. iilamo, poplar: see alamo), = -///.] Pertaining to or like an aldennan. alec (a'lek), . [E., bettor allcc, also aler, and
I'.iilg. ;V7/irt = .Sorv. jW.v/irt = Bo- aldermanry (al'der-man-ri), II.; \)\. aldermiiii- with nsiiinito hallee, halex, the sediment of a
/" = Pol. olcha, oU;:a Kuss. = riex (-riz). [< alderman + -ry.] A district of costly lisli-sauee, garum, and in general tish-
'
illha, ilohlia, Lith. Lett. = a borough liaving its own al'dc'riiian a ward. .saiice, Jish-picklo.] ;
1. A pickle or sauce of
I
1. The popular name of
'ii;;iiig to til"' gi'iius AliiiiH,
.V. J).
/;.'.

[<flW<i-
small herrings or anchovies. 2t. A herring.
aldermanship (ard^-r-mnn-ship), n. .\'. /;. /).
"" ''I'tnr. The coniijioii aider The an Same
" It. (he eauterii Iidl-d ^l;U; ih.
of l:n inan -(- -,s7ii//.]

aldernt (nl'dern), a.
olllce of
[< aliler
al'lermaii.
+ -en'i, -'-; = I).
alecampanet (al'ti-kam-jian'),
eamiiiine.
. as <7<'-

Ill nbliT, A I

l'.<ilh an el:en, ivln, alder.] Made of alder. alecize (al'o-siz), v. t. ;

pret. and pp. aUchcd,
Iv l-ill Kbriil I
Then aldern bont.i llrl ploWd the occnii. ]iiir. ideei:in(i. [< alec + -i:e.'] To dross %vith
,l/<i.i/,
Mill' sauce. tr. ol Vlrgirn nenrgl.
1).
H
.V. /','.
A '

lr. Aldlne (lU'din or al'din), a. [< Mj. Aldinns, < ale-conner dirkon'er), n. [<. ale conner^ .'] +
W"' .UihiK.] An epithet apidied to tlioHc^ editions. >rii,'iiinlly, a local ollici'rappointod to assay alo I

r..|
".^filhercolorR, chiedy of the claHsics, whicli pro ded from ami I r.'ami to lake care tliiit Ihey were good
M >
'

llir> p'resH of Aldus MaimtiuK (Latinized form ami wholcHomo, and sold at a jiropcr price.
2. r wirlely dlffiT- of Italian Aldo Mniiiizio), of Venice, iiiid liis The duly id Ihe alecoiniern id London now l lo illhpeet
Oh' Innce lo triio nl- fninilv, from 1494 to l.'iltT. The dliillninilhlnK mark Ihe nieannreH iiHcil by beer- and ll<inor-sellerH, In ordei- lo
<l.r
iilwlned Willi ndi.lphlnprlTdi'd the IHle prevent (rami. Fmir of these ollleers are chosen annimlly
nil l>v Ihe llverynien, in eomincui hall, un MhUuinincr'ii Day
llllnn lire Hole. lor bolh Ihe beauty ot (he I
U. (.time 'Jt). AIbo culled alr-hixlrr.
Ihe eorre, lTieot Ihe text. The term lm
I

'" iipiioil to certain KiikIIkIi ami American eill "Un well known to tlu^ piirli*h 1 havo hoen twice a/e-con-
hnila. In .Surtii Anwric* Uw lift arrtitiHata U nino' lluna u{ Tuioiii worki. s ut In next eoliinin. "". UidtlMon, Mayur of Quuunbnruugli, IlL 8.
 ,

ale-cost 135 alembic

ale-cost (al'kost), n. +
costs see cost-
[< ale :
longs to South America. Sometimes written, more correct- smooth, -I- el6oc, appearance.] A genus of para-
ly, .Itet-tururus, and also Aiectrura, Alecturus, Aleclura. sitic Hymenoptera, of the family Braconidce.
iiiiiii/.\ Costmary, Tanacetum Jialsamita, a
plant put into ale to give it an aromatic flavor. alectryomachy (a-lek-tri-om'a-ki), . [< Gr. The species are parasitic upon caterpillars, undergoing
H^-o costmari/.
dAtKTpi'i'.ii', a coek, +
/m^'/, a fight.] Cock-fight-
ing. Soniotimos written alectoromachy.
Alector (a-lek'tor), n. [NL., < Gr. aXeKTup,
jiiii't. for a'AsnTpvuv (ef. Alcctnjon), a cock; of
alectryomancy (a-lek'tri-o-man"si)^ n. [< F.
ulrctri/omaiiiie (Ootgi'ave), < Gr. iiAxKTpvciv, a
disputed origin.] If. Kleins name (175G) for a
cock, -t- iiavTcia, divination.] An ancient prac-
genus of birds of which the common hen is the
type: a synonym of Galliis (LinnsBus). 2t. tice of foretelling events by means of a cock.
The letters of the alphal)ct were traced on tlie grounii in
Merrcm's name (1786) for birds of the family squares witliin a circle, and a grain of corn was placed on
Cracidie, oreurassows: a synonym of Craxihin- each a cock was then permitted to pick up the grains, and
;

iiiPus). 3. [I.e.] specific name

The Linnean the letters under them, being formed into words in the
order of tlieir selection by the cock, were supposed to
for a species of eurassow, t-rax alector.
foretell the event. Sometimes written alectorouiaiu^y.
alectoria^ (al-ek-to'ri-a), H. ; pi. alectorim (-e).
[L. (se. gemma), fem. of afcctorius, pertaining
Alectryon (a-lek'tri-on), 11. [NTj., < Gr. aXc/c-
Cockstone; Tpvui; a coek: see Alector.] 1. In oriiitti., a ge-
to a coek, < Gr. a'AinTup, a cock.]
nus of birds, proposed by Cabanis in 1846 for a
a peculiar stone, eiToneously supposed to be
section of the Macartney pheasants, genus Jiu-
sometimes found in the stomach or liver of an
plocamus of Temminek. The type is A. cry-
aged coek or capon. Many imaginary virtues
were attributed to it.
tfiropft//(ofoM.s of Malacca. 2.
poetical name A Altiodes /utnifennis (Crc&son).

[NL.,< Gr. alhrup, of the domestic cock. a, cocoon d, enlarged segment of s-iinc female (cross shows nat-
; ; l>,

Alectoria^ (al-ek-to'ri-a), n. ural size) c, tip of her abdomen from side, enlarged e. larva. : ;

equi v. to d/le/crpof, unmarried, < li- priv. + A in- Loud tlie cock Alectnjon crowed. Long/elloiv.

rpot), bed, marriage-bed (see lectica) ; from the ale-drapert (al'dra'per), n. [< ale -\- draper, as transformation in the dried and rigid skin of their host.
A. rileyi (Cresson) is uniformly reddish-yellow, and is
uncertainty respecting its male flowers.] A in liiicn-drajKr : a humorous name, perhaps in parasitic on larva; of the lejjidopterous genus Acronycta.
genus of lichens. ^4. jubata, or rockhair, grows on allusion to the old ale-yard: see ale-yard.] An aleist, " [ME. aleis, < OF. alies, alls, usually
trees !UKi rocks, and affords food for the reindeer while the ale-house keeper. alie, alyc, later alise (mod. F. ali.'ie and alize),
snow is ileep. I get mec a wife with her a little money when we are
;
< Tent, 'aliza, OHG. *cli:a, var. of elira, erila,
;

Alectorides (al-ek-tor'i-dez), n. pi. [lsrL.,<
Gr. a'ACKToptc, pi. -iSc(, fem. of aleKTup, a coek.]
1. In Nitzsch's classification (1829), a group of
birds represented by the genera Dicliolophus
married, seeke a house we must no other occupation ;
erla, G. erle, dial, else, the alder, in comp. else-
have I but to be an ale-draper.
Henry Chettte, Kind-Hart's Dreaiue (1592). baum, the white beam-tree, elsebeere, the ber^
So that nowe hee hath lefte brokery, and is become a of the white beam-tree = AS. air, > E. alderi, ;

and Otis. 2. In Temminek's classification, a draper. A draper, <inotli Frcenuin, what draper, of woollin q. v.] The fruit or berry of the white beam-
orlinnen? is'u, q.i |qii. id, quotlilhe, anaie-tfrai^er, wherein tree, Pyrus Aria. Pom. of the Pose, 1. 1377.
group of birds of uncertain extent. [Not now in he hath more skil then [than] iu the other.
use. ] 3 A suborder or order of birds which in-
. Discoverie of Kmijhts of the Paste, 1597. (HalliweH.) ale-knightt
(al'nit), n. A pot-companion.
cludes the cranes, rails, and their allies. Coues. alee (a-le'), prep. phr. as adv. or a. [ME. a lee, Come, all you brave wights,
That are dubbed ale-ktiigltts, . . .

alectoridine (al-ek-tor'i-din), a. [< Alectorides after "Icel. a lile, alee; < a^, on, -f- /etl, q. v.] Know malt is of mickle might.
+ -(!!.] Having the character of or pertain- Naut., on or toward the lee side of a ship or boat, Wits' liccreatifins (1654).
ing to the Alectorides. that is, the sheltered side, on which the wind To have his picture stamp'd on a stone jug
It [the genus Parra] would appear to be limicoline, not To keep ale-knights in memory of sobriety.
does notstiTke; away from the wind: opposed Chapman, Gentleman Usher, iii. 1.
alecforidine. Coues, Key to N. A. Birds, p. 669.
to aweatlier (which see). The helm of a ship is said
to be alee wlien tlie tiller is pushed close to the lee side, alem
(al'em), n. [Turk, 'alem, a flag, banner,
alectoroniacliyt.(a-lek-to-rom'a-ki), 11. [< Gr.
a'AiKTup, a cock, -t- fiaxVt a fight, < /idxeadai, causing the rudder to move in the opposite direction, and standard, ensign, the crescent, < -Aj-. 'alam, a
thus bringing tlie ship's head into the wind. In cases where flag, ensign, < 'alaiiia, know. Cf. alim, almah.]
fight.] Same as alectri/omachi/. a steeriug-wheel is used, the same effect is produced by
alectoromancyt (a-lek'to-ro-man"si), n. [<Gr. turning the wheel toward the wind. The imperial standard of the Turkish empire.
a/JnTup, a cook, -I- /lavreia, divination. Cf. alec- The reek of battle drifting slow alee
Alemanniau (al-e-man'i-an), a. -Alemannic.
triiomancji.] Same as alectryomancy. Not suUener than we. Lowell, On Board the '76. Two Alemannian dukes of tlie 10th century.
Encyc. Brit., XX. 4.
alectoromorpll (a-lek'to-ro-morf), 11. A mem- Helm's alee hard alee orders given in tacking a sail-
! !

ber of the Alcctoromorp'hce. ing vessel, after the helm has been put down, to duect Alemannic (al-f-man'ik), a. and n. [< Ij.Ale-
that the head-sheets and fore-sheets should be let tly. luaiuiicus, Alamaiiiiicus, pertaining to the Ale-
Alectoromorphae (a-lek"t9-r9-m6r'fe), re. pi.
[Nlj., < Gr. a'AiHTLip, a cock, + /iop(j)?'/, form.] In
ale-fed (al'fed), a. Nom-ished with ale. iiianiii, Alamanni, the Latinized form of the Ger-

Huxley's classification of birds, the fifth super- Tlie growth of his ale-fed corps. Stafford, Niobe, ii. G'2. man name of a confederation of German tribes,
alainans, all men, all
family of the suborder Schisognatlue, of the aleft (a-leff), prep. phr. as adv. [< aS, on, -f- lit. all men, after Goth,
order Carinata:. it includes the families Turnicidce, le/t.] On or to the left. Southey. [Rare.] mankind, = OHG. al = E. all, manna =
< alls -1-

Phadayiidce. Pteroclidm, Megapodidtx, and Cracidce, or the alegar (al'e- or a'le-giir), n. ME. alegar (HalU-
[< OHG. man = E. man. Hence L. Alemannia, the
fowls and fowl-like birds, and therefore corresponds to 'mell),< ale -h cgar,eger, souv: see eaijer^. The country of the Alemanni, extended by the Gauls
the old order Galliine or Basores. exclusive of the pi- to all Germany, > F. Atlemagne, Germany, Al-
geons and tinaraous. Since 1807, when the temi was pro- mode of formation is not English, but imitates
vinegar, < F. riii aigre, sour wine.] Ale or beer Icniaud, German: see Alniiin, Almoin.] I. a.
posed, a stricter signification has been attached to it by ex-
clusion of the Turnicidce and PU'roclidce. In the restricted which has been passed through the acetous fer- Belonging to the iUemanui, confederated Ger-
sense, it is divided into the two groups of Alectoropodes mentation sour ale, used in the north of Eng-
;
man tribes who began to appear between the
and Perttiteropodes, the former containing the fowls proper Main and the Danube about the beginning of
(old family Phasianidce, etc.), the latter the mound-birds
land as a cheap substitute for vinegar.
Qlefjapodidm) and eurassows (Crao'rfrt*). For not, after consideration, can you ascertain what
the third centmy, and occupied that region
alectoromorphous (a-lek"to-r9-m6r'fus), a. liquor it is you are imbibing whether Hawkins' en-
; . . .
completely.
Having the character of or pertaining to the tire, or, II. n. 'The language of the Alemanni, or an-
perhaps, some other great brewer's penny -swipes,
or even alegar. Carlyle, Boswell's Joluison.
AlectoromorphcB ; gallinaceous or rasorial, in a cient people of southwestern Gennany.
strict sense. ale-garland (argar"land), n. wreath hung Also spelled Allcmannic. A
to an ale-stake as a part of the sign of a tavern. alembdar (a-lem'dar), . [Turk, 'alemddr, <
Alectoropodes (a-lek-to-rop'o-dez), n.pl. [NL.
< Gr. aAeKTup, a cock, -f- iroif, pi. no6ec, E. This custom= is as old as the time of Chaucei', 'alem, flag, standard (see alem), -ddr, < Pers. +
foot.'] subdivision of Huxley's superfamily who alludes to it.
A -ddr, holder, bearer.] In Tm-key, an officer
Alectoromorpll ce, containing the true fowl and alegeancet, See
allegeance'^. who bears the green standard of Mohammed
related to the domestic hen, as pheasants, tur- alegert, . OF.
alegre, alaigre, P. allegre
[< = when the sultan appears in pubUe.
keys, guinea-fowl, grouse, partridges, quail, Sp. alegre =
Pg. It. allegro (see allegro), < L. alembic (a-lem'bik), n. [Early mod. E. alem-
alacer, alaeris, brisk, lively : see alacrious, alac- bick;alimbeclc, and abbr. Icmbick, limbeck, q. v. <
etc. : distinguished from those gallinaceous
;

birds, as the ilegapodidie and Cracida:, which rity.] Lively; brisk; sprightly; cheerful; gay. ME. alembike, alembyk, alenibek, ear-
have the feet more as in pigeons, and are there- Coffee, the root and leaf betle, [and] tobacco . . . . . . lier alambik, alambic, < OF. alambic,
fore called Peristeropodes. See cuts under Cu- do all condense the spirits and make them strong and also written alambirjue. F. alambic
pidonia, grouse, partridge, and quail.
alefjer. Bacon, Nat. Hist., 738.
= Pr. elambic =Sp. alanihique Pg. =
alectOTOpodouS (a-lek-to-rop'o-dus), a. Hav- alegget, ' t. See allay and allege. alambique, lambique= It. lambicco,
ale-gill (al'jil), n. [< ale -f- giW, groimd-ivy, Umbicco, < ML. alambicus, < .Ar. al-
ing the character of or pertaining to the Alec-
toropodes.
and the liquor made therefrom see gill^, :
anbiq, < al, the (see al--). +anbiq
The suborders [of Alectoromorphce'] are called respec-
and cf. aklioof.] A
kind of medicated liquor (> Pers. amblq), a still, < Gr. a/j:}i^,
tively the Alectoropodowi and the Peristeropoduns
. . .
prepared by the infusion of gi-ound-ivj- in malt a cup, later the cup of a stiU ; cf.
OalliTue. Staiut. Nat. Hist., IV. 197. liquor. Ionic Gr. a/Jiirj =Gr. auSuv, foot of a
Alectrurinae (a-lek-tro-ri'ne), Ji. pi. [NL., < alehoof (al'hof), n. [Early mod. E. also
alehoove, goblet.] 1 . A
vessel formerly used
Akctnirus + -ina;.] A subfamily of elamatorial alekove, < ME. alehoofe, halehove, appar. a cor- in chemistry for distillation, and usually made
passerine birds, of the family Tyrannidcc : an ruption, simulating ale, of earlier hailiove, liey- of glass or copper. The bottom part, containing the
inexact synonym of Fhiricoliiiw and of Tceniop- liove, etc., prob. < liey, haifi. a hedge, -t- liooj'c, liquor to be distilled, was called the matrass or cucurbit;
hove, ground-ivy, < AS. liofe. \vj (see horc). The the upper part, which received and condensed the volatile
teriixB. See these words, and
Alectruriis. products, was called the head or capital, tlie beak of which
alectmrous (al-ek-tro'rus), a. [< NL. alectru- D. eiloof, ivy, is appar. borrowed from English.] was fitted to the neck of a receiver. The head alone was
riis, adj. : see Alectrurus.] Having a tail like Ground-ivj'", Xcpeta (i-lechoma, the leaves of more properly the alembic. It is now superseded by the
which were used in ale-making before the in- retort and worm-still.
that of the coek: applied to certain birds. See
Alectrurus. troduction of hops.
Hence 2. AnTr-thing which works a change or
Alectrurus (al-ek-tro'rus), n. [NL., < Gr. ale-house (al'hous), . [< ME. alchous, aille- transformation : as, the alembic of sorrow.
a'AcKTup, a cock, +
ovpa, a A genus of hous, < AS. ealo-hiis.]
tail.] house A where ale is re- Thus is .\i't, a nature passed through the alembic of man.
Umersun, ilisc, p. 27.
elamatorial passerine birds, of the family Tij- tailed.
rannidce, or tyrant flycatchers, of which the The redcoats tilled all the ale-housea of Westminster alembic (a-lem'bik), f. t.; pret. and pp. alem-
type is A. tricolor: so named from the long, and the Strand. Macaulau, Hist. Eng., iii. bicked, ppr. alembickiug. [< alembic, .] To
compressed, erectile tail. It is sometimes made the Aleiodes (al-i-6'dez), re. [NL., prop. *aliodes, distil as by an alembic ; obtain as by means of
type of a subfamily, Alectrurince. The wliole group be- appar. < Gr. a- priv. + Ictudj/g, smooth, < /leiof. an alembic. [Rare.]
 alembic 136 aleurone
have occasioned great speculation, and diverted my-
I referable to four genera have been discovered in the deeper A garland hadde he set upon his heed
ielf with the important mysteries that have been aUtn- portions of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, as well as of As gret as it were for an ale-atake.
i.i.:k^-l uut of a trifle. Walpolf, Letters, I. 20S. the >tediterranean sea. Also called Ale/iOi^ephali. Chaucer, Uen. I'rol. to C. T., 1. 067.

(a-lem'broth), n. [Formerly also alepocephaloid (a-lep-6-sef'a-loid), a. and . Also called ale-pole, ale-post.
alembroth Having the character of the Alepoccx/hali- ale-taster (al'taster), . Same as ale-comier.
1. .
akmhor, late ilE. alembroke; origin unknown.]
da: alethiologyCa-le-thi-oro-ji), H. [<Gr. a?.T/Octa,
The salt called by the alchemists the salt of art,
science, or wisdom ; a double chlorid of mer- H. n. Same as alepocephalid. truth (ia/.rjtiijc, true, < d- priv. + '/MvOavciv, 'Aadclv,
Although poisonous, it Alepocephalus (a-lep-6-sef'a-lus), [NL., < escape notice, be concealed see Lethe), + -Ao}ia,
.
cury and ammonia. :

Gr. (i- j)iiv. -I- '/.e~o{, scale, + Ktoa'/.i], head.] A (.'/Jyeiv, speak: see -ology.] term used by A
was formerly used as a stimulant. of the family Alepoce- Sir William Hamilton to denote that part of
genus of fishes, ti,-pieal
alenaget, . -Same as alnage. from the scaleless head.
phalid<T: so called logic which treats of the nature of truth and
Alengon lace. See lace.
ale-polet (al'pol), . Same as akstake. error, and of the rules for their discrimination.
alen^it a-length'), prep.phr. as adv. and prep.
[UK. alenght (for "alcngth)-. < a3, on, at, + Aleposauridae (a-lep-6-sa'ri-de), n.pl. [NL., < alethoscope (a-le'tho-skop), n. [< Gr. a/afiiiq,
Alcpiisitiinii + -ida.] Same as AlcjtidosuKridic. true (see alethiology), + ano-iJv, view.] An op-
length.'] L
adc. At full length; along; stretch-
Aleposaurus (a-lep-6-sa'rus), n. [NL., < Gr. tical instrument by means of which pictures
ed "at full length.
a'/.cTToc, faulty form of d/.f-i(furof, without scales
II. prep. In the direction of the length of. are made to present a more natural and life-
Alepas (al'e-pas), n. [NL., < Gr. d- copulative (< a- priv. + /J-oc, also ?.-ic, a scale: see Lc- like ajipearance.
-t- fe-ai;. a limpet: see Lepas.'] A genus of pidiiim), + aavpoc, a lizard, also a sea-fish: see Aletornis (al-e-tor'nis), n. [NL., < Gr. d/lz/nzf,
barnacles or acorn-shells, of the family Lepadi- Saiirus.] Same as Alcpidosaurus. a wanderer, vagrant (< a/.aaBat, wander, stray ),
da. They are ordinary cirripeds with thoracic ale-postt (al'post), H. Same as ale-slal-e.
+ opi'/f, bird.] A genus of extinct Tertiary
limbs. A. cornuta is an example. ale-pot (al'pot), n. A
pot or mug for holding birds from the Eocene of Wyoming Territory.
aleph (a'lef), n. [Heb. 'dleph Ar. 'alif: see = ale. In England a pot of beer or ale means
it; hence, ale-pot means especially a quart -pot.
a quart of Several species are described by ilarsh, who places them
among the cranes and rails. They range in size from that
iiljilm.} The first letter of the Hebrew alpha- of a woodcock to that of a small crane.
bet CX). representing the older Phenician let- A clean cloth was spread before him, with knife, fork,
ter which gave name and form to the Greek A,
and spoon, Aletris (al'e-tris), n. [NL., < Gr. aAc-pi^, a (fe-
salt-cellar, pepper-box, glass, and pewter ale-
pot. male) grinder of corn, < a'Aerptieiv, extended from
}ix:keng, Little Dorrit.
a'/pa. See fll. This letter, in the Semitic lan^ages, is
not properly a vowel, but is a quasi-consonantal sign, to Aleppine (a-lep'in), a. and n. [(.Aleppo, Euro- Q/'.rii', grind.] A genus of plants, natural order
which tlie pronunciation of any initial vowel may be at- pean (It.) form of Turk, and Ar. Haleh, said to Hemodoraccce, natives of the eastern United
tache<I. In transliteration into Rfpnian letters, this sifj:n be named from Ar. halab, milk.] I. a. Per- States, chiefly from New Jersey southward.
is represented by a Greek "smooth breathing" (') or is
unmarked. taining to Aleppo, a city of Asiatic Turkey, or The twospecies, l4./(in/jo.fand.4. rti^rca, are low, smooth,
left stemless, bitter herbs, with fibrous roots, a cluster of spread-
to its inhabitants.
alepidosanrid (a-lep'i-do-sa'rid), n. A fish of ing, flat, lance-shaped leaves, and a spiked raceme of small

the family Alepidosaurida. Also called alepi- II. ". A native

or an inhabitant of Aleppo. wiiite or yellow fiowers. They are called colic-root from
Aleppo gall, ulcer. See ulcer. their medicinal reputation, and also ajue-grags, star-ffrass,
dosaiiroid. hlaiiu'i-star, etc.
alerce (a-lers'; Sp. pron. ii-lar'tha), n. [Sp., the
Alepidosauridae (a-lep'i-do-sa'ri-de), n. j)?.
larch, prob. < a-, repr. Ar. al, the,
alette (a-lef), n. [F.,
+ Sp. aleta =
It. aletta, =
[NL.. < AhjiidosaurM + -irf<r.] A family of *lercc,
a small wing; dim. of L. ala, wing: see aisle.]
large, tierce, and voracious abdominal deep-sea *larce =
It. larice, < L. larii (ace. lariccm), the
In arch. (a) A
larch (see larch), perhaps mixed with Ar. al-
:

fishes. Also called Ateposaurida; and Alepi- small wing of a

sauridw. 'arzah, al-'ers, < al, the, +
'ar::ah,'crs, Pers. ar-,
building, {b) A
cedar.] A
name given in Spain to wood
The .Uepidoxauridce are deep-sea
markable for the great size of their teeth. The body is
elongate, and without scales; the mouth is extremely
larne, ' w ith rows of compressed teetli of unequal size,
fishes of large size, re-
1.
used by the Moors in their edifices, obtained
from the sandarac-tree of Morocco, Callitris
quadrivalms. See Callitris. 2. Same as alerce-
^ / pilaster or but^
tress. (() The
lateral face of
some of those on the lower jaw and palatines being fang- the pier of an
tree.
like. Tlie dorsal fin is very long, covering almost the arch, extending
whole of the back, and there is no adii)ose tin. With here and there a red cedar or an alerce pine.
Darwin, A'oyage of Beagle, xiii. from the edge
Stand. Sat. Ilust., III. 138.
Alepidosanrina (a-lep'i-do-sa-ri'nii), n. pi. alerce-tree (a-lers'tre), n. A
large coniferous
/^^ of the opening;
A, arch; B, B, pilasteis C. C, alettes (f). especially, that
[.\L.. < Alepidosaurus -inn.] In (jiinther's + timber-tree of Chili, Libocedrus Chilcnsis, ex-
;

portion of the
classiticatiou of fishes, a dirision of Scopelidoe, tensively used on the southern Pacific coast. lateral face between the edge of the opening
containing those with the dorsal fin occupying alerion, . See allcrion. and a semi-column, pilaster, or the like, serving
nearly the entire length of the back; a group alert (a-lerf), a. and 7i., orig. 2'rep. phr. [< F. to decorate tlie pier. Also spelled allettc.
corresponding to the family Alepidosaurida: alcrtc, interj. phr., adj., and n., formerly allerti;
Aleurites (al-vi-ri'tez), n. [NL., < Gr. akevpi-iK,
(which see). P*rcferably written Alcpidosau- sometimes svritten a I'ertc, =
Sp. alcrta {alcrlo, pertaining to ali-vpov, meal, esp. wheatou flour, <
riiur, as a subfamily. adj.) = Pg. alerta, < It. all' crta, on the watch, on a}.Eh>, grind.] A
genus itf plants, natural order
alepidosauroid (a-lep"i-do-sa'roid), a. and n. the lookout stare all' erta, be on one's guard, ICuphorbiacew. The most important
;
species, A. triloba
[<.Aliiiidonaurus -Old.'] I. a. + Having the lit. stand on the lookout: alV for alia lor a (the candlclicrry-trec), a tree ;^0 to 40 feet high, is a native
characters of the AU]>idosnurida:. la, < L. ad illam, on the crta, a ; lookout, also a of tlic Miilncciis aiui some of the Pacific islands, and ist;ul-
n. n. An alepidosanrid. declivity, a slope, a steep, fern, of erto, raised tiv;ited in trtipical cuiuitrics for its nuts, which abound in
oil, aiul when dried are used by the Polynesian islanders
Alepidosaiira8(a-lep'i-d6-8fi,'ru8), n. [NL., aloft, steep, pp. of crijerc, raise, erect, < L. cri-
as a substitute for candles, wluncc they are called canitle-
a.-* Al' ijiimiiinin, but with Gr. '/.eiri^ (^cirfd-) in- gere, raise, pp. crcctus, >E. erect, q. v.] I. a. 1. nut.t or candlcberr^es. The oil expressed from the kernels
stead of equiv. > -Of (>.f-o-), a scale.] genus A Active in ^agilanco; watchful; vigilantly at- drit rapidly, and is known as couiiti-y walnut or artists*
of fishes, typical of the family Alepidosauridw. tentive. oil, or kekune-oil. A. eordala is the Chinese vartush-tree,
It %,i. ,it '\i.: time supposed to l>e related to Saurug, but and the ttil from its seeds is used in China in painting.
Yet ceaseless still she tlu-ove, alert, alive.
'd by the Bcaleless skin, whence tlte name. The working bee, in full or empty hive. Aleurodes (al-ii-ro'dez), II. [NL., < (_ir. aArvpi)-
^''-irinauruji, AUftogaurwt. A./erox la a spe- Crabbe, I'arish Register. (h/r, like Hour, < a?.cvpov, flour, thhr, form.] +
L- handnaW'/Uh and tancet-Juh. The typii-;il and only genus of the family Alcu-
Nothing is worth reading that does not require an (|/t^
alepidote (a-lep'i-dot), a. and n. [<Gr. a/.f!zi-
mind. C. I). Warner, Backlog Studies, l>. i:>. radidiv. .\!s(> written Alci/rodcs.
'..';. without scales, < u- priv. + ?.-/{ (/.fr5-),
2. Moving with celerity; brisk; active; nim- Aleurodidae [NL.,< Aleu-
(al-u-rod'i-de), h. /)/.
a scale : ^ee Lejiidiiim.'] I. a. Not having rodes -idir.] + family A
of lieiiiipterotis insects,
scales: as, nn nlrjiidatc fish. ble: as, "an alert young follow," Addi-imi,
of the suborder riii/lajdithiria, or plant-lice, re-
n. 'I. Any fish whoso skin is not covered with Spectator, No. 4():i. = Syn. 1. Heedful, wary. 2. Live-
ly, agile, quick, jironipt, ready, sjjry. lated to the apliids and scale-insects. These In-
Fcalt's. are very small and exeei'dingly i>ro]illc; they have
II. . [From tlie jihr. on the alert, a, pleo- sects
alepinet (al'e-pen), n. [Also written alapccn, large oval clylia and wings, held nearly horizontal when
nastic E. version of tlie orig. It. phr. alP crta: in repose the head is small, with divided eyes the an-
pml). for Ateppinc, belonging to Aleppo: see : ;

Alrppinc.l A mixed stuff, either of wool and

see I.] An attitude of vigilance; walch; tcniiie are short, (1-jointed, wilh the rostrinn 'J-jointed and ;

xilk r of mohair ami cotton.

guard: especially in tlie phrase ou or iipiiii the the legs are short, simple, with L'-jointcd tarsi provided
Ui/cr. with 2 daws. There are about nominal snecies of the
alert, upon the watdi on tlie lookout; giianliiig
2.'t

AlepLsauridx (u-lep-i-su'ri-de), . pi. [NL., <

;
single geiuis .ifeurotles. A. proletetla rescnililcs a snuiU
against surprise or danger: as, " the readiiu^ss white moth with a dark si)ot t>n each wing-eovcr, nmi is
lU iniiiiiriui
-i(/u.l +
Kamo as Alijiidosiiuri<lw.
of one on the alert," Dickens. f.nnid "II celandine, eiililmge, oak. etc. The larva is small,
AlepisanniS (a-lep-i-Ha'rus), n. [NL., improp. tint, mid ovul liko a iiiiiiiite scale, us in J'lti/tlitlir ; the
f - V' "''nr/riw.] Same as Alcpidosaurus. Ho was limtrurtcd to tiotlfy his officers to be (n the piijia is lived and inclosctl in an envelop.
alert for any indications of battle.
^ 'illl 'ii-lcp-6-sef'a-li), .;</. [I'l. of (irant, I'ersoiuil Memoirs, I. il-, aleuromancy (a-lu'ro-man-si), n.
r. .s'. [< F. aleu-
i". 1 Siitne as Alcpocrp)ialid(r. riimniiric, iir. Mevpn/tai'Ti'iov, divination from
alertly (ii-1'Tt'li), adv. In analert mannerj wilh
<.
' ' o-Hcf'ii-lid), H. One of
walchftil vigilance; nimbh-; briskly; actively. al, < meal,
,
+
/layuia, divination.]
liiiOi see).
alertness (a-16rt'ncs), n. The state or iiualiiy
A method (if divination by meal or Hour, jirac-
jp'ti-se-fari-do), it. vl. niicienls. liseil by tile
of IjcingaliTt; liriskness; nimblenesH; activity.
I
"-. I
f-iVte.] A
family of clii- aleurometer (nl-n-r(im'(>-ter), . [<0r. (Ufiyioii,
"''^ 'M, -ales. [< L. -tllr.i, pi. of -ali.'i, a coiiiiiirui adj.
I"""'' '

Tlic l<chnlrnl clianulcrs

HiiHlx see -al.] In liiil.,a pi nriil tonni nation dis-
:
tliiur, esp. wlienten flour, ///r/ior, ineasiire.] +
tiijgiiisliingthe naiiieK of iMiljurls, agradointer-
An instrument invented by M. lioland, iibotil
IHI!), for aseertaining the breail-niaking (|iiali-
nLi'dinti' betwi-cn class and order.
lies of wlienten ftour. The indications depend upon
ale-8cott, ale-shott (al'skoi, nl'shot), . [<.
lliecxpunHloii of the gluten eoiitaiiii-il in ii givi'iiiinitiility of
air +
scot, uImo nhot, ]iayinent: see Hcot and
Hour when freed el its starch by pnlveriratloii and npciited
hill, iiayment.] A
reckoning to bo paid for ale. uaIiiiii;K with water.
alce. ".' See nlr:e. aleurone (a-lu'ron), . [< Or. AXcvpov, fine flour,
alosilver (al'sil'v^r), n. A
duty anciently + -our.] 'I'he minute alliiiminoid gnmnles
I RpQ1 a4 (J. K. f Mi Comnitwlna, IMM
paid lo llie lord mayor of London by the sellers (protein) which are fiiiind, in ennneeliiiii witli
of ulo williin the eily. Htnreh and oily matter, in Ihei'ndoKpenn olriiii-
tujrf-
ale-Rtakef (lil'stak^,!!. A slake liaving a gar- Hceils ami the cotyleilons of tlie embryo. It is
I. fpw luiiil or liimli of twigs at the toj) of it, set up as coiiHideri'd an inactive resting form of proto-
Icc1p a Hign before an ule-hoiiHe. plaHiii. Also ca!le(l^)r()fci)i-;/r(i/<;/(.
 : ;

aleuronlc 137 alfin

aleuronic (al-u-ron'ik), a. [< ulciirmie + -Jc] A second or 8upi>]einentai'y libraiy in tho Seiapeum at
Alcxaniliia wan entir-ely destroyed by a niohof fanatics un-
alexiteric (a-lek-si-ter'ik), a. and n. [< GJr.
Pcrtiiiniug to or of the nature of alourone. der the I'atriarcli Theophilus A. n. :v.i\ a popular account, a/.t^j/Tijpmr, fit or able to keep off or defend;
;

Aleutian, Aleutic (al-e-o'shi-an, -tik), a. howcvci', ;issigiis its destruction Ut the Arabs in 041. neut. (lAe^rjTr/piov (sc. (fiapfiaKov,
[Named from tho inhabitauts, the Aleuts, Kuss. Alexandrian school, (a) A school of literature, science, drug), a remedy, medicine ; <
Aleutul.'] Appellative of or portainiiig to a group and iiliilusitpliy llimrishiiH; at Alexandria under tlie Ptole- oke^ifT-rip,
mies dui-iiig tlic three centuries preceding tlie Christian
one who keeps off or
of islands (the Aleutian islands) separating era, and continuing under the Roman empire, especially defends, < aht^tiv, keep off, de-
Bering sea from northern Paciiie, nearly or
tlie as a pliil(sopbicaI scliool in whicli IS'coplatonLsm was fend. Cf. alexipharmic.] I. a.
quite coextensive with the Catherine archi- the most important clcnu-nt, dmvti to the final extinction Resisting extcmal poison ; ob-
of paganism in tlie fifth century after Clirist. (b) A
pelago, extending from near the southern point viating the effects of venom.
schocd of chri.stian pliilosr)pliy and theology at Alex-
of Kamtehatka to the peninsula of Alaska. andna during the first five centuries; especially, the cate- II. n. An
antidote to poison
ale-vat (al'vat), n. [< AS. etUo-fwt OS. alo- = chetical .scliool of Alexandria, existing in that city from or infection, especially an ex-
fat: see ale and t'ui.] vat in which ale is A the earliest times of Christianity down to about A. 1>. 400,
for the purpose of instruction in the Christian faith,
ternal a|iplication.
fermented. alexiterical (a-lek-si-tcr'i-
and distinguislied for the high attainments of its instruc-
alevin (al'e-viu), n. [< F. alevin, prob. for *ale- tors iu pagan as well as in Christian philosophy and liter- kal), (/. .Same as alexiteric.
vaiit, < OF. alever, I'ear, < L. adlevare, raise, ature. Among its most famous directors were St. Clement ale-yard (al'yiird), n. [< aU
< ad, to, + Icvare, raise. Cf. alleve, alleviate.^ and Origen. This school was remarkable for its attempt + yard^.] 1. A
glass vessel
to accommodate Greek pliilosojihy to Christianity and to
The young of any fish; especially, a yovmg make use of it in Christian teaching, thus antagonizing used as a measure of capacity
salmonid or clupeid. Judaizing views, according to wliich there was and could as well as a ilrinking-glass,
alewt (a-lii'), n. [Var. of halloo.'] Outcry; be nothing in common lictween the two. In some of its shaped like a much elongated
howling; lamentation. forais it tended on the one extreme to a philosophic ration-
wine-glass, formerly in use 1, Ale-yard.
Yet did she not lament with loude alew,
As women wont. Spetiser, F. Q., V. vi. 13.
alism, on the other to an idealizing mysticism. Alexandria
continued to be the most important center of Christian in England. 2. A
glass ves-
2, Tricky Alc-yanL

theology down to the time of the Council of Chalcedon, sel having the shape of an elongated cone, the
ale-washed (al'wosht), a. Steeped or soaked A. D. 451. small end communicating with a hollow ball.
in ale. Alexandrianism (al-eg-zan'dri-an-izm), n. On drinking from it, as soon as the air reaches the inside
And what a beard of the general's cut will do . . . The teachings of the Alexandrian school of of the ball all the liquid contained in it spurts out sud-
aninnp foaming bottles and ale-washed wits, is wonder- denly. Sometimes called tricky ale-yard.
theology, especially in its distinctive character-
ful to be thought on. Shak., Hen. V., iii. 6.
istics. See Alexandrian. Also written Alexan- Aleyrodes, . Same as Alcurodes.
alewifel (al'wif), n. pi. alewives (-wivz). ; A drinism. aleze, alese (a-laz'), . [< F. aleze, formerly
alaise, appar. < a I'aise, at ease
woman who keeps an ale-house. Alexandrine (al-eg-zan'drin), a. and n. [< L. alesc, a, < L. ad, :

Perhaps he will swagger and hector, and threaten to Alexandrinus, i Alexandria: see Alexandrian.]
to, at; le, the; aise, > E. ease, q. v. The spell-
beat and butcher an ale-ivij'e. ing ale::e may be in simulation of U, breadth,
Swijt, Drapier's Letters. I. a. Same as Alexandrian, 1.
alewife^ (al'wif), n. pi. alewives (-wivz). [A
;
For some time a steady advance of science appeared to
as if a 'spread.'] A
cloth folded several times
be insured by the laliors of the Alexandrine school. in order to protect a bed from discharges of
particular use of alewife^, prob. in allusion to
Pup. Sci. Mo., XIII. 2C3. blood, etc.
their corpulent appearance (see quot.). The
form aloofe, recorded in 1678, is said to be the Alexandrine liturgy, the liturgy of St. Mark. See alfa (al'fa), n. A
name in northern Africa for
iifun/j/. Alexandrine mosaic, or opus Alexandri- varieties of esparto-grass, Stipa tenacissima and
Indian name of the fish but it is prob. an error ; num, a kind of rich mosaic in which are used red and <S'. arenaria, used in the manufacture
for alewife.} 1 A North American fish, Chqiea green porphyries, precious marbles, enamels, and other of paper.
.

costly and brilliant materials. It has its name from the Also written lialfa.
Emperor Alexander Severus (A. D. 222-236), and was used alfa-grass (al'fa-gras), re. Same as alfa.
for friezes, panels, etc., under the later Koman empire. alfalfa (al-farfa), n. [Sp., formerly alfalfez,
[<F. alexandrin: so called, it is said,
II. 11.
said to be fi'om Ar. al-fagfagah, the best sort of
from Alexandre Paris, an old French poet, or fodder.] The Spanish name of lucerne, Medi-
from poems written by him and others in this cago sativa, and the common name under which
meter on the life of Alexander the Great.] In the chief varieties of lucerne are known in the
pros., an iambic hexapody, or series of six iam- western United States.
bic feet. French Alexandrines are written in couplets, alfaqui (al-fa-ke'), n. [Sp., < Ar. al-faqih, < al,
alternately acatalectic with masculine rimes and hyper-
catalectic with feminine rimes. French tragedies are gen-
the, -I- faqih, a doctor in theology; cf. fiqh,
Alewife {Ctttpea vernatis). erally composed in Alexandrines. The cesura occiu-s at theological learning, < faqiha,he wise.] A doc-
(From Report of U. S. Fish Commission, 1884.) the end of the third foot. The second line of the foUow- tor learned in Mussulman law; a Mohammedan
ing extract is an example jjriest.
vernalis, from 8 to 10 inches long, resembling
A needless Alexandrine ends the song.
A successful inroad into the country of the unbelievers,
a small shad, but much inferior to it as food. That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along.
said he, will make more converts to my cause than a thou-
It is taken in large numbers with that fish. Pvpe, Essay on Criticism, 1. 356.
sand texts of the Koran, expounded by ten thousand alfa-
Consorting Herrings and the bony Shad, Alexandrinism (al-eg-zan'drin-izm), n. Same quis. Jrvintj, Granada, p. 154.
Big-bellied Alewives, Macrils richly clad
as Alexandrianism. No sooner had the sovereigns left the city, than Simenes
With Rain-bow colours, the Frost-fish and the Smelt,
As good as ever Lady Gustiis felt. alexandrite (al-eg-zan'drit), . [< L. Alexan- invited some of the leading alfaquies, or Mussulman doc-
S. Clarke, Four (Ihief Plantations in America (1670). der (Jfcxrfcr II., Emperor of Kussia) -ite'^.'] +
tors, to a conference, in which he expoimded, with all the
eloquence at his command, the true foundations of the
2.A name given at Bermuda to the round A variety of chrysoberyl found in the roica slate Christian faith, and the errors of their own.
pompano, Trachynotus ovatus. See pompao. of the Ural mountains. Prescott, Ferd. and Isa., it 6.
3. A local English name of the allice-shad. alexia (a-lek'si-a), H. [NL., < Gr. d- priv. +
alfenid, alfenide (al'fe-nid, -nid or -nid), n.
alexanders (al-eg-zan'derz), [Also written /-f((;, a speaking (or reading), < 'Aiyeiv, speak,
11. [Perhaps < Sp. alfen(ique), a sugar-paste (verb
read.] Inability to read, as the result of a
alisaiuler, allisandei; alisaunder, < ME. alisaun-
morbid or diseased condition of nervous cen- pltcnic]
alfcH-icar, ice with sugar), -id, -ide : see al- +
dre, < OF. alisaundre, alisandre ; but in AS. Nickel-silver, thickly electroplated
alexaiuiric, alexandre,from the ML. name Petro- ters not involving loss of sight word-blindness ;
with pure silver.
seliiiiimAlexandrinum, i. e., Alexandrine pars- text-blindness.
alferest (al-fer'es), n. [Also written a//eeres, al-
ley, equiv. to P. Macedonicum, i. e., Macedonian alexipharmact, alexipharmacalt, a. See alexi- ferez, alfarez, alfaras, < Sp. alferez, OSp. Pg.
parsley.] 1. The English name of an umbellif- pharmic, alcxipharmical. alfercs, ensign, < Ar. al-fdris, < al, the, +
fdris,
erous plant, Smi/niium Olusatrum. Of all the um- alexipharmacumt (a-lek-si-far'ma-kum), n. horseman, knight, (.faras, horse.] standard- A
bellifers used as vegetables, this was one of the commonest [NL., < L. alcxipliarviacon : see alexipharmic] bearer an ensign ; a comet.
; This trm was in use
in gardens for nearly fifteen centuries, but it Is now aban- See alexipharmic. in England some time before and during the civil wars of
doned. The history of its use can be traced from begin-
ning to end. Theoplirastus mentions it as a medicinal
He calls steel the proper alexipharmacum of this mal- Charles I.
ady. Burton, Anat. of Mel,, p. 417. Commended to me from some noble friends
plant, under the name hipposelinon (horse-parsley), but
three centuries Liter Uioscorides says that either the root alexipharmic (a-lek-si-f ilr'mik), a. and n. [The For my al/eres. Fletcher, Rule a Wife, i. 1.
or the leaves might be eaten, which implies cultivation. final syllable, prop, -ac, has been conformed to alfet (al'fet), n. [< ML. alfetuin (as defined be-
In Latin (Pliny, Columella, etc.) it was called hohis atrum,
later olasatrum, and corruptly olisatrum.
the common suffix -ic. NL. alexipliarmacum L. low), < AS. dlfict, wlftct, a pot to boil in, < al,
,
Charlemagne
commanded it to be sown in his farms. The Italians made alexipkarmacon, n. ; < Gr. a'Ae^Kpapfianoq, ward- ail, fire (see anneal'^-), fwt, a vessel: see vat.] +
great use of it, under the name macerone. At the end of ing off poison, acting as an antidote against it, In early Eng. hist., a vessel of boiling water into
the eighteenth century the tradition existed in England antidotal; neuter as noun, a?.c^i<papfiaKov (L. which an accused person plunged his arm as a,
that it had been formerly cultivated later English and
French horticulturists do not mention it. De Cnndolle.
;
alexipkarmacon), an antidote, remedy, < a2.c^eiv, test of his innocence.
2. In North America, a name sometimes given ward off, +
(papfiaaov, a poison, drug, remedy: alflleria (al-fi-le'ri-a), 71. Same as alfilerilla.
to the plant Tliasiiiuiii aurcum. sec pharynacon, pliarmacy, etc.] I. a. 1. Act- alfilerilla (al'fi-le-re'ii), n. [Amer. Sp., also
Alexandrian (al-cg-zan'dri-an), a. ing as a means of warding off disease ; acting alfilcria, alfilaria : so called from the shape of
[< L. Alex-
andria, classical form Alexandrea, < Gr. '\7ie^dv- as a remedy; prophylactic.
2. Having the the camels; < Sp. aljiler, also alfilel, Pg. alfinete,
dptia, name of the Egyptian city founded by power of warding off the effects of poison taken a pin, < Ar. al-lch ill, a wooden pin used for fas-
Alexander the Great, <.'A>.iiav6pog, L. Alexander, inwardly; antidotal. tening garments (Freytag), a pin.] name A
a man's name, prop, adj., 'defending men,' < Some antidotal quality it [the unicorn's horn] may have, in California for a European species of Ero-
since not only the bone in the hart, but the horn of a dium, E. ciciitarium, which has become very
a?^ieiv, ward off, defend, -i- avi'/p (iw6p-), man.]
. . .

deer is alexipharinick. Sir T. Browne, Vulg. Err.

1. Pertaining to Alexandria, an important city widely natm'alized. it is a low herb, but a valuable
II. n. An antidote to poison or infection, forage-plant. Its carpels have a sharp point and a long
of Egypt, foimdod by Alexander the Great in
especially an internal antidote. twisted beak, by the action of which, under the influence
332 B. c
2. Pertaining to Alexander the Great.
Finding his strength every day less, he was at last ter- of the moisture of the air, the seed is buried in the soil.
Alexandrian Codex <'''"/''.c Alexandrimiit), an impor- rified, and called for help upon the sages of physic they Other names for it are pin-clover and pin-fjrass.
;
tant nianus.Miiit..f
tin.- Scriptures, senttoCharlesI. of Eng-
land the Patriarch of Constantinople, now in the Brit-
l>y
filled his apartineuts with aiexipharmics, restoratives, and alfinf (al'fin), n. [< late ME. alfyn, alphyn,
John.'^'on, Rambler, No. 120.
ish Museum. It is \vritten in Greek uncials on parch-
essential virtues. aufyn, etc., < OF. alfin, Uke ML. ' alphinus. It.
ment, and contains the Septuagint version of the Old Testa- alexipharmical (a-lek-si-far'mi-kal), a. Same alfino, alfido, alfiere, alficro, < Sp. alfil, arfil =
ment complete, except parts of the Psalms, and almost all as alexiplidrntic. Pg. alfil, alfir, < Ar. al-jV, the elephant, < al, the,
the New Testament. It is assigned to the fifth centurj.
Alexandrian Library, a celebrated library at Alex. alexipyretic (a-lek"si-pi-ret'ik), a. and . [< +
fil, < Pers. Hind, fil, Skt. pilu, elephant, this
ftndria in Egypt, founded by Ptolemy .Soter and Ptolemy Gr. aXtitii', ward off, +
-vperdg, fever : see Eiece having had orig. the form of an elephant.]
Philadelphus io-.i3-*247 B. c), and destroyed about 47 B. 0, pyretic] In med., same a,s febrifuge. 1 cJiess, a name of the bishop.
 ! ; ; ;
;

alfiona 13S Algerine

alfiona, alfione (al-fi-d'nii, al'fi-6n), ji. [Mex. bromine are products of various species. Seaweeds are also in ML. "htdus algebra' almucgrabaliegue" (13th
valuable a^ fei'tilizers. century), and in early mod. E. " algicbar and
Sp.] An embiotoeoid fiso, Hhacochilus toxotes, +
algal (al'gal). . and n. [< L. alga -a?.] I.
almachabel" (Dee, Math. Prrof., G, a. d. 1570),
vritli small scales, nniserial and jaw teeth, and
a. Of or pertaining to the Alga:; having the
and the second part in ML. almucabala, almaca-
nature of algie. bala, algebra.] 1. Formal mathematics; the
II. H. One of the -Ji.'/n; (which see). analysis of equations the art of reasoning
;

algaroba, . See alga'rroba. about relations, more especially quantitative

algarot, algaroth (al'ga-rot, -roth), n. [< P. relations, V)y the aid of a compact and highly
aUiaroth, from the name of the inventor, Alga-
systematized notation, in ordinary algebra the re-
rotti, an Italian scholar of Venice (1712-64).] lations between (juantities are expressed iiy signs of equal-
A violently purgative and emetic white powder, ity, addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc. ( = +, , ,

which falls when ehlorid of antimony is dropped X), or by the position of the quantities (as xi/ for x x y,
and x for x to the r/ power), ami tlie tiuantitics themselves
into water. It is a compound of ehlorid and oxid
are denoted by letters. Quantities whose values are un-
of antimony. known or are assumed to be variable are denoted by the
algarovilla(al'ga-r6-vil'a), n. Seealgarrohilla. last letters of the alphabet, as x, y, z; known or constant
algarroba (al-ga-ro'bii), n. [Sp., < Ar. al-khnr- quantities by a, b, c, etc. and problems are solved by ex-
;
Alfiona [Rhaeockiius texcUs).
pressing all the data in the form of equations, and then
(Pram Report of U. S. Ftsb Commission, 1884.) rubdli, the earoh: see fl/-2 and raroft.] 1. The
transforming these according to certain rules. The con-
Spanish name of the carob-tree, CcratoniaSili- ceptions of negative and imaginary quantities (see nega-
lip free and deeply cut along its margin, it is
the largest as well as the most valuable food-flsh of the
qua. See Ceralonia.
2. In America, a name tive and iiiiai/i.iarii) are employed. The term higher alge-
given to the honey-mesquit, Prosopis juliflora, bra usually means the theory of invariants. See inrari-
aurf-flsh family, Emt/ioto<:id(K. and is commun aloug the
Califoniian coast, where it is also called itprat and perch. anAioihe Hymemva Courbaril. 3. substance A ant. Multiple algebra, or n-way algebra, introduces the
conception of units of ditferent denominations, wliich can,
al fresco (al fres'ko). [It., lit. in the eool resembling catechu in appearance and proper- however, be multiplied together. Each such system has a
air: al for a il (< li.'ad ilium), in the; fresco, ties, obtained from the La Plata, and containing multiplication table characterizing it.
eool or fresh air. < fresco, cool, fresh, < OHG, tannin mixed 'with a deep-brown coloring mat- 2. Any special system of notation adapted to
fhsc = E. fresh : see fresh, fresco.'] In the ter. Crool'S, Handbook of Dyeing and Calico the study of a special system of relationship:
open air; out of doors: as, to dine alfresco. Printing, p. 509
Algarroba bean. See beani. as,
3.
''
it is an algebra upon an algebra," Sylvester.
Much of the gayety and brightness of al-fresco life. Also spelled algaroba. A treatise on algebra.
The Cenliiru, XXVII. 190. algarrobilla (ar ga-ro-bil'a), n. [S. Amer. Sp., Its abbreviation is nig.
Such al/reMo suppers the country- -gentlemen of Italy ate dun. of Sp. algarroba : see above.] The astrin- Boollau algebra, a logical algebra, invented by the Eng-
in the fliVt century of our era ; D. 0. Milchetl, Wet Days.
gent resinous husks and seeds of several legu- lish nKillu'Miatician George Boole (lSlo-64), forthe solution
of prtilileiiis in ordinary logic. It has also a connection
Alfor (al-for'), H. [< D. Alfoer, Pg. Alfiiros, pi., minous trees or shrubs of South jijuerica, which with the tlieoiy of probabilities. Logical algebra, an
said to be < Ar. al, the, + Pg. fora (= It. fora, are an article of commerce for their value in
algebra which considers particularly >n quantitative rela- ii<

fwira, fuori), outside (see foris-); the other tanning and dyeing, in Brazil and tropical America
tions. Nilpotent algebra, an algebra ill which every ex-
form.s, Jrafuras, Haraforas, are, then, varia- they are the produce chiefly of Pitkecololnittn I'lirfi/nlium pression is nilpotent (which see). Pure algebra, an alge-
(Int/aMartha' of some authors). In Chili and on Ilie west- lira in which every unit is connected with every other by
tiims.] .Same as Alfurc.sc, n. sing.
ern coast they are obtained from CreMilpinin {liiitsanm- a definite relation.
Alfnrese (al-fo-res' br-rez'), n. and a. [See-4/- carpuni) brevi/otia and Prompts julijiora. Also written
/"] I. 1. sing. OT pi. A
member, or the oliiarovilla. algebraic (al-je-bra'ik), a. {_< algebra + -ic
members collectively, of the race of Alfuros or algate, algates (al'gat, al'gats), adv. [< WE. prop, 'iilgcbric F. algebriqiie, < NL. "algebri- =
Alftirs (aLso called Arafuras, Haraforas, etc.), algalc, allcgatc, allc gate (al^jates occurs in Chau-
fH4'.] 1. Pertaining to algebra. 2. Involving
no operations except addition, subtraction, mul-
a group of wild and savage tribes inhabiting cer), < al, all, + gate, a way see gate- and gait.
tiplication, di\-ision, and the raising of quan- :

Celebes and other islands of the Indian archi- Cf. ahcay, alwaijs.'\ 1. In every direction;
tities to powers whoso exponents are commen-
pelago, ethnologically intermediate between everj-^vliere always vmder all circumstances. ; ;
surable quantities : as, an algebraic equation or
the Malays and Papuans or Negritos. [Obsolete except in the Scotch form a' gate or expression.
The Alfurexe are totally distinct from the brown Malay a' gatcs.'\
3. Relating to the system of quan-
tity which extends indelinitely below as well as
and bUck Negrito; they are wild, savage. Pagan liead-
hunters. R. X. Cujt, Mod. Langs. E. Ind., p. 147.
Alijates he that hath with love to done,
Hath ofter wo than clianged ys the mone.
above zero Algebraic curve. Scecio-ic- Algebraic
equation, an equation in which the unknown quantities

2. The language spoken by the Alfuros or Al- Chauet^r, Complaint of Mars, 1. 234.
or varialiles are subjected to no other operations than those
furs. 2. In every respect altogether; entirely. [Ob- enumci-atcd in lictinition 2, above as, x^ ?/^
-^ axl ~
;
: