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Water
VSG-Z101
VHT-S103 VSG-A101
40 m
20 m
Feedstock 200 m
Methanol
VSG-Z101
(CH )
4 40 m
VSG-EZ200
VHT-S101
PSA
VSG- VSG- VSG-
Cl101 Z101 F101
etc
VSG-
EZ200
High Temperature
Desulfurization
CO Shift
Primary Reforming
Simplified Flowsheet for a Typical
Ammonia Plant
Hydrodesulphuriser Primary Secondary High Low
Reformer Reformer Temperature Temperature
Air Shift Shift
Steam
Cooling
Steam 550o C
400o C 350o C
200o C
H2
Steam
Natural superheater
Gas
30 o
220 C
bar 1000o C 420 C o
o Steam Steam Heat
o 790 C Recovery
390 C raising raising
Preheater o Process
150 C
290o C Condensate
Uhde
Top fired reformer
Proprietary exit header design
Secondary reformer has a riser
HP loop with radial flow converter
Modern Conventional Flowsheets
HKBR
Primary reformer with manifold/riser
Haldor Topse
Side fired reformer
Radial flow converter
S-200
S-250
Other Flowsheet Options
Braun Purifier
ICI AMV
ICI LCA
Dual Pressure Uhde Process
HKBR KAAP (with/without purifier)
Linde LAC
H2 Recovery is used on most
modern plants
Braun Purifier Process
Second
ammonia PGR Unit
converter
HP- HP-
steam steam
First
ammonia
converter
NH3 NH3
C.W.
LP
casing HP
casing
Note: Molecular
Sieves not shown
Once
through
ammonia Ammonia
C.W. NH3 C.W. converter from
NH3 HP loop
HP-
steam
H 2O
Make up gas
from frontend C.W.
Ammonia from once through conversion
Dual Pressure Uhde Process
Feed
Shift &
Primary Secondary Methn
CO2 Purifier
Reformer Reformer Dryers
Removal
Recycle Purge
KAAP Compression
Linde LAC
Primary Reformer
Isothermal Shift
PSA
Ammonia Synthesis
Other Flowsheet Options