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Learning objectives
Learn the computation of stresses and strains in structural members
subjected to combined axial, torsion, and bending loads.
Develop the analysis skills for computation of internal forces and
moments on individual members that compromise a structure.
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10-1
M. Vable Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 10
Combined Loading
I yy t xs
xs = -------
G
10-2
M. Vable Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 10
D y Free
axial Surface
D D
x tor
z
C D F
A C axial x S
z
tor
B A C T
A axial C
Px
Free tor B
Surface A
B axial
Free tor
Surface B
D
tor axial
x D
z
tor
C T
C axial
A
tor B
A axial
Px
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tor
B axial
10-3
M. Vable Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 10
D
tor axial
Free
Surface
Free
Surface B
bend-z Py
D
tor
axialbend-z
x D
z
bend-z+tor
C T
A
C
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axial
bend-z-tor B
A
axial
Px
tor
B
Py
axial+bend-z
10-4
M. Vable Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 10
tor D
axialbend-z
x D
z
T bend-z+to
A C
C
axial
Bending about y-axis bend-z-tor B
A axial
y
Px
bend-y
D tor
B P
axial+bend-z y
x D
z
A C
C
bend-y
B
A bend-y
Pz
bend-y
B
Combined Axial, Torsional and Bending about y and z-axis
y
tor - bend-y
D
axialbend-z
x D
z
bend-z+tor
A C T
C
axial-bend-y
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bend-z-tor
B
A axial+bend-y
Pz
Px
tor + bend-y
B
P
axial+bend-z y
10-5
M. Vable Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 10
Important Points
The complexity of finding the state of stress under combined loading
can be simplified by first determining the state of stress due to individ-
ual loading.
Superposition of stresses implies that a stress component at a specific
point resulting from one loading can be added or subtracted to a simi-
lar stress component from another loading. Stress components at dif-
ferent points cannot be added or subtracted nor can stress components
which act on different planes or in different directions be added or
subtracted.
The stress formulas give both the correct magnitude correct direction
for each stress component if the internal forces and moments are
drawn on the free body diagrams as per the sign conventions.
In a structure, the structural members will have different orientations.
In order to use subscripts to determine the direction (sign) of stress
components, a local x, y, z coordinate system can be established for a
structural member such that the x direction is normal to cross-section,
i.e., the x-direction is along the axis of the structural member.
Stresses yy and zz are zero for the four load cases. Additional stress
components can be deduced to be zero by identifying free surfaces.
The state of stress in combined loading should be shown on a stress
cube before processing the stresses for purpose of stress or strain
transformation.
The strains at a point can be obtained from the superposed stress val-
ues using the Generalized Hookes Law. As the normal stresses yy
and zz are always zero in our structural members, the non-zero
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10-6
M. Vable Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 10
10-7
M. Vable Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 10
b
a
30 60
T
Fig. C10.1
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10-8
M. Vable Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 10
10-9
M. Vable Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 10
a b
Pz
Class Problem 1
y
A
x B
z
Py b
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10-10
M. Vable Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 10
a b 15o
Fig. C10.5
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10-11
M. Vable Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 10
C10.6 The bars in the pin connected structure shown are circular
bars of diameters that are available in increments of 5 mm. The allowable
shear stress in the bars is 90 MPa. Determine the diameters of the bars for
designing the lightest structure to support a force of P = 40 kN.
P
C
0.5 m
B
1 mm
1.6
D
A
1.2 m
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10-12
M. Vable Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 10
10-13
M. Vable Mechanics of Materials: Chapter 10
8 ft
D E
16 ft
Fig. C10.8
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10-14